unit 12-Text A 课文及译文
unit 12-Text A 课文及译文
Unit 12 Text A 课文及译文Feeling Free感受自由①I woke up feeling cranky. I didn't want to do housework, though the laundry was piling up. I didn't want to read the work I brought home from the office. I didn't want to do anything that resembled responsible behavior. It was that kind of day.一醒来我的心情就很糟糕。
我不想做家务，尽管要洗的衣服已经堆积如山。
我也不想理会那些我从办公室带回家的工作。
我不想做任何负责任的事。
这就是那样的一天。
②As I drank my morning tea, I thought I felt a headache coming on. Yes, there it was, a dull throb just behind my eyes. Maybe I should go back to bed until it subsided. As I put the dishes in the sink, it seemed that my muscles were beginning to ache. Or was the ache in my joints? That could mean I was coming down with the flu. （承上启下句）Everyone I knew had the flu this year. Why should I be the one to escape it? I absolutely should be in bed.当我喝早茶的时候，我就感到阵阵头痛袭来。
unit12课文翻译Microsoft-Word-文档
The Story of Florence Nightingale弗劳伦斯.南丁格尔的故事Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on 12 May 1820 and was named Florence after her birthplace. Florence and her sister were educated by their father and private teachers. She excelled in her studies. When she grew up ,she decided to become a nurse. This decision greatly upset her family, because at that time nurses in England were looked down upon by people. But she was determined,and began caring for the sick in hospitals. 弗劳伦斯.南丁格尔于1820年5月12日出生在意大利，并以他的出生地命名。
其父亲和私人教师教弗劳伦斯.南丁格尔和她的妹妹学习。
她学业优秀。
长大后，她决定做一名护士，这个决定令她的家人很不安。
因为在当时的英国，护士这个职业被别人看不起。
但是，她已下定决心,并开始在医院护理病患。
In 1854 ,England was fighting a war with Russia in Turkey .At the front many British soldiers were wounded or sick. The wounded soldiers lay on the hard floors of a dirty army hospital. In the evening, the tried to sleep, but rats ran over their bodies. The conditions for them were terrible. 1854年，英国与俄国在土耳其交战，很多英国士兵在前线受伤或患病，伤兵们躺在肮脏的军队医院里坚硬的地板上。
全国自考英语二参考译文
Unit 1第一部分 Text A【课文译文】怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。
之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。
因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。
管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。
虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。
管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。
但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。
有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。
选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。
决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。
例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。
选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。
没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。
如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。
例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。
这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。
在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。
决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。
组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。
由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。
常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。
这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。
例如，市场营销经理为增加广告预算可能会讲得头头是道，但从更大的布局来看，增加优化产品的研究经费也许对组织更有利。
B1-Unit-12-Text-1-英汉对照(未找到中文翻译)
B1-U n i t-12-T e x t-1-英汉对照(未找到中文翻译)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1课文一Text OneOn the Wrong Side of the Global DivideGrace has a little place in the suburbs. It's notmuch, perhaps - the whitewash is coming off thewalls, the red-baked ground is stoney and the persistently cheerful rhythms thumping from thebar round the corner look set to go on all night -but it's impossible to be lonely in her one-roomhouse in a block of four, surrounded by friendsand their children, and it's a short walk to workacross the fields.She says she's happy. She's just 30, she's singleand she has a good job selling luxury shoes from a shuttered wooden kiosk in the Central Market,the exuberant commercial hub of Lilongwe. All herlife should be spreading out before her, but aglance into the future shows death staring back,just a few years on.Like every fourth young man or woman inMalawi's towns and every sixth in the villages,Grace Matnanga has the HIV virus running like aslow and silent poison in her veins. You can't tellwho most of them are. They teach children, theypolice the streets, they work in hotel receptionsand bring up children. They laugh and smile likeevery other Malawian. For months or years, theyappear well. Then the downward spiral begins.Maybe next year, maybe in five years time, depending on how well she eats and how healthyshe keeps herself, Grace will begin to lose weight.She will get an infection - it might be just a minorone - but after that she will get another, more serious. It could be pneumonia, it could be TB or itcould be meningitis. There are drugs in Malawi's hospitals to treat all three successfully, but each time she recovers, her immune system will be that little bit more battered, her weight lower and her chances of surviving diminished. The curves of healthy flesh will disappear. She will begin to look wasted and everybody she knows will understand why. Eventually her body will give up the fight, the pain and fever will engulf her and Grace will become just another Aids statistic.She doesn't think about it, she says, with a smile and a slight shrug, as she looks out of her kiosk at the vitality and the colour of the market, where brightly dressed women sit among their sacks of mint leaves, tomatoes and red aduki beans, tailors peddle sewing machines and heat flat irons on open fires to repair old clothes and everything from door handles to dried fish to pineapples is for sale. But she knows too well what is in store. Her freedom and independence were wished on her like a curse. Once she had a husband. Once she had a child. Both are dead."I was married for eight years," she says. "My husband passed away in 1998. He collapsed and was taken to the Central Hospital and put on oxygen." Like most of the young people who die, he had not been tested for HIV, but there's little doubt that Aids killed him.He survived longer than their little daughter. Tiyajane was born in 1993, the longed-for fulfilment of marrriage in Malawian society, where almost every young woman has a babystrapped to her back. Tiyajane appeared to be healthy at first, but then the weight gain slowed. She stopped thriving. She began to get sick. She picked up infections. When she died, aged three, she was a pitiful, wasted scrap, the ulcers in her throat and mouth making the pain of swallowing more vicious than the pangs of hunger.。
九年级英语Unit12 课文翻译
2、人生充满意想不到的。
2001年5月,我找到了一份工作在纽约世界贸易中心。
2001年9月11日,我到达建筑在8:30。
我正要去当我决定先喝杯咖啡。
我去了我最喜欢的咖啡的地方,尽管它是两个街区从我的办公室。
当我与其他办公室工作人员排队,我听到一个响亮的声音。
之前我可以加入其他的外面看到发生了什么,第一架飞机已经击中我的办公大楼。
我们难以置信地盯着黑烟燃烧的大楼。
我感到很幸运的是他还活着。
近10年后,上午10点我醒来2月21日2011年,从来没有意识到我的警报。
我跳下床,直奔机场。
但是我到达机场的时候,我的飞机到新西兰已经起飞了。
“这是第一个假期我已经拍了一年,我错过我的飞机。
运气真差!”我心想。
另一架飞机满所以我不得不等到第二天。
第二天早上,我听说地震在新西兰的前一天。
我的坏运气广告竟然变成了一件好事。
愚人节是一个庆祝活动,发生在世界各地的不同的国家。
它发生在每年4月1日,是许多人一天播放各种各样的技巧和笑话。
一个愚人节,英国记者宣布,就不会有更多的意大利面,因为在意大利面条农民停止了意大利面条。
许多人跑到当地的超市去买尽可能多的意大利面条。
当人们意识到这个故事是一个骗局,全国的所有的意大利面已经卖完了。
另一个在英国著名的技巧是当一个电视节目报道的发现特殊的水。
他们说,这些水将帮助人们减肥,一个客户已经失去了很多体重在短短四个月。
一天结束的时候,已经有10000多人打电话给电视台找出获得这个水。
许多愚人节笑话可能会不是很有趣。
一位著名的电视明星曾经邀请他的女朋友在他的节目在愚人节。
他向她求婚。
这位女士很高兴,因为她真的很想结婚。
然而,当她说“是”,他回答,“四月傻瓜!“这个小笑话没有一个非常幸福的结局。
那个电视明星既失去了他的女朋友和他的节目。
世界上最著名的技巧之一,然而,而不是4月10月发生。
在1938年的那个月,演员奥森·威尔斯在他的广播节目上宣布外星人从火星落在地上。
他描述了他们在哪里降落,并告诉他们如何穿越美国。
综合英语教程(第三版)BOOK2-课文译文 12.第十二单元
Unit 12TEXT你看见那棵树了吗？是我的邻居戈根夫人最先问我这句话的。
那天，我正坐在后院享受着秋日的黄昏，她问我“你看见那棵树了吗？”“就是街角的那棵”，她解释道，“那棵树真美，色彩斑斓，人们都会停下来欣赏它。
你也该去看看啊。
”我告诉她我会去看的，可是过了一会儿我就忘了这件事。
三天后，我正在街上漫跑的时候，一团明亮的橙色映入我的眼帘。
霎那间，我以为是谁家的房子着火了。
而后，我想起了戈根夫人和我说起的那棵树。
快到树跟前的时候，我放慢了脚步。
这是一棵不大不小的枫树，它的形态再普通不过了。
但是，关于它的色彩，戈根夫人的确说对了。
眼前的色彩如画家的调色板那样异彩纷呈，低处的树枝呈现出亮红色，中间的是鲜黄色和橙色的，顶部像腾起深红色的火焰，四周绿色的叶子簇拥着这团火焰，仿佛秋天还未曾来临。
我像一个圣徒接近神殿般亦步亦趋，发现树顶上裸露着一些光秃秃的黑色枝干，像一只巨大的爪伸向天空。
树干四周的落叶像是地上铺了一层深红色的地毯。
斑斓的色彩使得这棵树就像一个大地球。
宽阔的树枝展现出各大洲一年四季的景色：它有南半球春天的淡绿色和夏天的深绿色，也有北半球秋天的黄色和冬天的枯枝。
在我惊叹这包罗万象的美景的时候，我想起了拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生关于星辰的注解。
他曾经在《自然》中说到，假如天上璀璨的星辰一千年只出现一次，那么看到它们是件多么激动人心的事情啊！但是，就是因为它们每天都会出现，所以我们难得会想起抬头望它们一眼。
因此对这棵树，我也有同样的感受。
它只有一周的灿烂辉煌，所以这短暂的美景对我们来说尤为珍贵，而我竟差点儿错过。
１９世纪，有人曾在马萨诸塞州的上空看到绚丽多彩的北极光时，他敲响了教堂的钟，把全镇的居民都叫醒。
这就如同我对那棵树，我也想唤醒大家来欣赏这棵树神奇而短暂的美。
虽然我没有教堂的钟，但在回家的路上，我问了每位邻居一个简单而重要的问题，就是戈根夫人曾经问我的那句“你看见那棵树了吗？”（弋睿仙译）Read more树叶的神奇11本篇译文摘自百度文库/view/d9587024bcd126fff7050bd8.html每当我在秋风中散步的时候，便不由地想起树叶的微妙和神奇。
九年级英语unit12课文翻译
九年级英语unit12课文翻译Title: Unit 12 Lesson Text TranslationText:A: Hi Sarah! Have you heard about the upcoming school movie night? B: Yes, I have. I heard they will be showing the latest Marvel movie. A: Oh, that sounds exciting! I love Marvel movies.B: Me too. I can't wait to see it on the big screen.A: Do you know when the movie night is?B: Yes, it's on Friday next week.A: Great! I'll make sure to mark it on my calendar.B: You should definitely come. It's going to be a fun night.A: I will definitely be there. I don't want to miss it.B: Awesome! We can grab some popcorn and enjoy the movie together. A: Sounds perfect. Let's plan to meet at the school theatre.B: Sure, let's meet there around 6:30 p.m.A: Alright, see you then!译文：A: 嗨，莎拉！你听说过即将举行的学校电影之夜吗？B: 是的，我听说他们要播放最新的漫威电影。
A: 哦，那听起来很刺激！我喜欢漫威电影。
unit 12-Text A 课文及译文
Unit 12 Text A 课文及译文Feeling Free感受自由①I woke up feeling cranky. I didn't want to do housework, though the laundry was piling up. I didn't want to read the work I brought home from the office.I didn't want to do anything that resembled responsible behavior. It was that kind of day.一醒来我的心情就很糟糕。
我不想做家务，尽管要洗的衣服已经堆积如山。
我也不想理会那些我从办公室带回家的工作。
我不想做任何负责任的事。
这就是那样的一天。
②As I drank my morning tea, I thought I felt a headache ing on. Yes, there it was, a dull throb just behind my eyes. Maybe I should go back to bed until it subsided. As I put the dishes in the sink, it seemed that my muscles were beginning to ache. Or was the ache in my joints? That could mean I was ing down with the flu. （承上启下句）Everyone I knew had the flu this year. Why should I be the one to escape it? I absolutely should be in bed.当我喝早茶的时候，我就感到阵阵头痛袭来。
unit12课文翻译Microsoft Word 文档
The Story of Florence Nightingale弗劳伦斯.南丁格尔的故事Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on 12 May 1820 and was named Florence after her birthplace. Florence and her sister were educated by their father and private teachers. She excelled in her studies. When she grew up , she decided to become a nurse. This decision greatly upset her family, because at that time nurses in England were looked down upon by people. But she was determined, and began caring for the sick in hospitals.弗劳伦斯.南丁格尔于1820年5月12日出生在意大利，并以他的出生地命名。
其父亲和私人教师教弗劳伦斯.南丁格尔和她的妹妹学习。
她学业优秀。
长大后，她决定做一名护士，这个决定令她的家人很不安。
因为在当时的英国，护士这个职业被别人看不起。
但是，她已下定决心,并开始在医院护理病患。
In 1854 ,England was fighting a war with Russia in Turkey .At the front many British soldiers were wounded or sick. The wounded soldiers lay on the hard floors of a dirty army hospital. In the evening, the tried to sleep, but rats ran over their bodies. The conditions for them were terrible. 1854年，英国与俄国在土耳其交战，很多英国士兵在前线受伤或患病，伤兵们躺在肮脏的军队医院里坚硬的地板上。
Unit12 课文翻译
In the rich world the idea of progress has become impoverished. Through complacency and bitter experience, the scope of progress has narrowed. The popular view is that, although technology and GDP advance, morals and society are treading water or, depending on your choice of newspaper, sinking back into decadence and barbarism. On the left of politics these days, “progress”comes with a pair of ironic quotation marks attached; on the right, “progressive”is a term of abuse. 在一个富裕的世界，关于进步的观念则变得贫困。
现状引起的自满和经历带来的痛苦都使得进步的视野越变越狭窄。
取决于你爱看哪种立场的报纸，流行的看法是：尽管科技和GDP 发展了，道德与社会却停滞不前，甚至可说是，正在向颓废和野蛮沉沦。
在当今政治的左翼，“进步”这两个字必定带有讽刺性的引号；而对于政治的右翼，“进步人士”也是一个被滥用的术语。
It was not always like that. There has long been a tension between seeking perfection in life or in the afterlife. Optimists in the Enlightenment and the 19th century came to believe that the mass of humanity could one day lead happy and worthy lives here on Earth. Like Madach’s Adam, they were bursting with ideas for how the world might become a better place.情况也并非一直都是这样糟糕。
最新研究生英语课文翻译Unit-12
ThanksgivingSoon they will be together again, all the people who travel between their own lives and each other’s . The package tour of the season will lure them this week to the family table.很快所有那些在我们和他人生活中穿梭的人们都会再次聚集到一起。
这个团体旅游季会引诱他们这个星期回到家庭的餐桌上。
By Thursday, feast day, family day, Thanksgiving day, Americans who value individualism like no other people will collect around a million tables in a ritual of belonging.到周四，盛宴之日，家庭的节日，感恩节，比任何人都重视个人主义的美国人会为了一个归属感的仪式聚集在百万张桌子周围。
They will assemble their families the way they assemble dinner: each other bearing a personality as different as cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. For one dinner they will cook for each other, fuss for each other, feed each other and argue with each other.他们会像在一起吃晚餐一样把家人聚在一起，每个人都有不同的的个性，就像他们做的蔓越橘沙司和难过馅饼一样。
这顿晚餐他们会互相为对方下厨，为对方忙乱，给对方喂吃的，互相争辩。
七年级下册英语12单元3a原文
七年级下册英语12单元3a原文摘要：I.引言A.夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的起源和发展B.中国参与奥运会的历程II.夏季奥运会A.最早的奥运会B.现在的奥运会周期C.中国在夏季奥运会上的表现III.冬季奥运会A.最早的冬季奥运会B.现在的冬季奥运会周期C.中国在冬季奥运会上的表现IV.奥林匹克精神A.传递和平、友谊、公平竞争的精神B.奥运会作为国际交流平台的意义正文：I.引言A.夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的起源和发展夏季奥运会起源于古希腊时期，当时的运动会是为了纪念宙斯而举行的。
现代奥运会则始于1896 年，在希腊雅典举行。
夏季奥运会每四年举行一次，已经成为世界上最具影响力的体育盛事之一。
冬季奥运会则始于1924 年，在法国夏蒙尼举行。
同样，冬季奥运会也是每四年举行一次，各项冰雪运动在此展示，吸引了全球观众的关注。
B.中国参与奥运会的历程自1952 年以来，中国开始参加奥运会，逐渐在国际体坛崭露头角。
至今，中国已经获得了很多金牌，成为奥运会上的重要力量。
II.夏季奥运会A.最早的奥运会古希腊时期的奥运会仅限于希腊城邦的运动员参加，比赛项目主要包括赛跑、跳远、铁饼、标枪等。
现代奥运会则面向全球各国运动员开放，项目也更加丰富多样。
B.现在的奥运会周期目前，夏季奥运会在每四年的闰年举行，如2020 年东京奥运会、2024 年巴黎奥运会等。
奥运会期间，各国运动员齐聚一堂，争夺荣誉，展示运动精神。
C.中国在夏季奥运会上的表现自1984 年洛杉矶奥运会以来，中国夏季奥运会金牌数量逐年上升，已经成为世界体育强国之一。
举重、乒乓球、跳水等项目是中国在夏季奥运会上的优势项目。
III.冬季奥运会A.最早的冬季奥运会最早的冬季奥运会始于1924 年，比赛项目主要包括滑雪、冰球、速度滑冰等。
随着冬季运动的发展，冬季奥运会的项目也越来越多样化。
B.现在的冬季奥运会周期冬季奥运会与夏季奥运会一样，也是每四年举行一次。
在偶数年份的冬季，如2022 年北京冬奥会等。
Unit-12-课文原文Text-A-E-cigarettes
Unit 12 Health and DiseasePassage A E-cigarettes-A Fairy Tale of a Healthy Alternative to ConventionalCigarettesPreludeSmoking conventional cigarettes with tobacco is known as a cause of severe health problems worldwide, including chronic lung diseases and cancer One reason for the high incidence of smokers is the fact that people become addicted to cigarettes, whether physically or mentally.Anyway, there is no doubt that cigarettes are harmful and that smoking cessation is of high importance for smokers who are not ill and even more for patients who already suffer from the consequences of long-term smoking, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It has been demonstrated that smoking cessation is conductive to life quality. However, it is difficult for smokers to quit. To help them, a variety of nicotine replacement products have come to the market including nicotine patch, gum, inhaler, lozenge and nasal spray-and recently e-cigarettes. When e-cigarettes first appeared, they were promoted as a nonhazardous alternative to conventional cigarettes despite the nicotine they contained. An increasing number of chronic and amateur smokers are using e-cigarettes and even some clinicians suggest them as are placement therapy to conventional smoking. Despite the lack of evidence on the long-term effects of e-cigarettes, they are freely available, even to adolescents. However, there is increasing evidence that e-cigarettes cause the same problems as conventional cigarettes. On the other hand, it is still debatable whether e-cigarette smoking will actually help quit conventional smoking. This interactive discussion aims to challenge scientists, clinicians and other persons who are interested in this field to think about the usefulness of e-cigarettes, the pros and cons.E-cigarettes, first marketed in China in 2004, were introduced to the international market in2007. Awareness and usage of e-cigarettes have drastically increased since they entered the market, From the scientific point of view, it was surprising that the introduction of e-cigarettes took place so easily. They contain nicotine and artificial liquids and no long-term studies were available. The majority of e-cigarette users aresmokers who anticipated that they are less toxic than conventional cigarettes and help them with smoking cessation.An online survey of smokers who had tried e-cigarettes with an aim to assess the effectiveness of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool with 222 respondents showed that 31%of respondents did not smoke cigarettes for 6 months from the time they started using e-cigarettes. This study also showed that 66.8% reduced the number of cigarettes smoked.Another prospective study was performed on 40 smokers who were not thinking of quitting. ' After following the participants for six months, the study showed a 50% reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day in 55% of participants without significant withdrawal symptoms. However, most of efficacy studies are short-term, The effectiveness of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool in long-term still should be addressed. These studies might show reduction/cessation of cigarette smoking but we should not forget the big picture here with using e-cigarette that its main ingredient nicotine (an addictive substance and the main cause of addiction to tobacco) can lead to addiction.Furthermore, e-cigarettes can cause acute effects comparable with conventional cigarettes. Right after a 42-year-old woman started using e-cigarettes, she started having respiratory symptoms like dyspnea, productive cough and subjective fever. Seven months after the onset other symptoms she was diagnosed with exogenous lipoid pneumonia which is uncommon,primarily chronic inflammatory reaction resulting from continuous aspiration of oil substance.Moreover, a 20-year-old healthy man had persistent cough, shortness of breath and facia flushing one hour after vaping an e-cigarette. After a series of clinical examinations he was diagnosed with acute eosinophilic pneumonia 3 (a rare condition characterized by rapid accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs as a consequence of unidentified, nonspecific triggering agents).A laboratory-based intervention study analyzed oxidative stress and lung function in 40participants divided into two groups (30 individuals in an experimental and 10 in a control group)The experimental group was provided with e-cigarettes andwas using e-cigarettes only for 5 min.The level of fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FENO] 4 (a quantitative, noninvasive and safe method of measuring airway inflammation that provides a complementary tool to other ways of assessing airways disease) was assessed before and after e-cigarette usage. FENO was significantly decreased in the experimental group after using e-cigarettes. The study also showed using impulse oscillometry increased airway impedance and peripheral airway resistance in the experimental group compared to the control group.In another study, the potential effects of e-cigarette vapor on cardiomyoblast cell viability were evaluated. They extracted the vapor from 20 different e-cigarette liquids with different flavoring substances and exposed the cells to different concentrations for 24 hours. Four out of 20e-cigarettes showed cytotoxic effects on cardiomyoblasts. Moreover, the study addressed whether e-cigarettes were less harmful than conventional cigarettes and indicated that e-cigarette vapor extracts were less cytotoxic than cigarette smoke extract on cultured cardiomyoblasts.Another study by Bahl and colleagues evaluated the cytotoxicity ability of 35 diferent flavored e-cigarette liquids on human embryonic stem cells (hESC) 5, mouse neural stem cells(mNSC) 6, and human pulmonary fibroblasts (hPF). They treated the cells with different concentrations of refill liquids and evaluated cell cytotoxicity. Except one (Bubble-gum), all refill liquids were cytotoxic to the cells to various extents. The cytotoxicity of refilled solution mostly depends on the dose of refill solution and flavors as well as cell type (stem cells from embryos(hESC] and newborns [mNSC] were more sensitive to refill solutions than adult lung fibroblasts).Vegetable glycine (VG) and propyl glycol (PG) go through decomposition at high temperature into low molecular carbonyl compounds such as the carcinogens formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Using high-performance liquid chromatography and a diode array detector8, Kosmider et al. measured the amount of carbonyl compounds in e-cigarette vapor. Vapor extract collected from 70ml volume of puff a total of 15 puffs from 10 different commercially available e-cigarette liquids, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde release were detected in 8 of the vapor extracts. However, the amount of released substances was affected by battery output voltage (the higher the voltage thehigher the amount of carbonyl compounds released).Frighteningly, although nobody knows about long-term effects and risk of addiction, teenagers are currently allowed to use e-cigarettes unrestrictedly. However, based on recent observations, a number of countries are considering prohibiting the easy accessibility of e-cigarettes to young people. A recent study by Lauren Dutra and StantonA. Glantz used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 9 to demonstrate that use of e-cigarettes is often associated with cigarette smoking among adolescents. E-cigarette usage recently doubled among adolescents in the United States, from 3.3% in 2011 to 6.8% in 2012. The authors used a nationally representative sample of over 38,000 U.S. middle and high school students. They showed that adolescents who used e-cigarettes were more likely to be cigarette smokers and more likely to progress from experimenting with cigarettes to become regular cigarette smokers. E-cigarette users, despite having higher reports quit smoking than non-e-cigarette users, were less likely to stop smoking cigarettes and were heavier cigarette smokers. These results call into question e-cigarette advertisers' claims that e-cigarettes are effective smoking cessation devices and questions whether e-cigarette use could actually contribute to cigarette smoking not only among teens, but also among adults.At the annual congress of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) 10 in Amsterdam 201511e-cigarettes were a hot topic. There were some studies from animal models showing that e-cigarettes containing nicotine cause acute inflammatory response similar (or comparable) to that of conventional cigarettes. There was an interesting oral presentation about a retrospective view at hitherto clinical studies which tried to find out if e-cigarettes can help people to quit smoking. interestingly, analyzing the data and study designs, the presenter concluded that inmost cases e-cigarettes do not help quit smoking but just lead to a shift from conventional to e-cigarettes. Even more often, respective people just mix between these two kinds of cigarettes.One comment from the audience during this presentation was remarkable which was in turn: Originally, e-cigarettes were developed and introduced by the tobacco smoke industry, an industry which spent a lot of effort to make users ofcigarettes addicted, Do you really believe that the same industry now wants their customers to get rid of smoking? " Therefore, the outcome of studies investigating the safety and benefit of e-cigarettes in comparison to conventional ones will be of interest.In conclusion, the idea about inventing innovative solutions which can help people to stop smoking is eligible. However, the realization should be sophisticated and most notably scientifically approved and honest. It is not acceptable claiming such an alternative will be healthy,non-hazardous for adolescents and adults, and not addictive if this is not proven accurately because this is playing Russian roulette 11 with people's health and in particular with the future of our children. Maybe e-cigarettes helped some people to quit smoking, but in many cases it seems that there is just a shift from conventional to e-cigarettes. Finally, more rigorous studies are required to understand the significant benefit of e-cigarettes in contrast to existing smoking cessation tools. Maybe the industry reacts to recent data in a way that they focus on e-cigarettes not containing addictive substances such as nicotine. Because it is likely that such e-cigarettes could help some people to quit smoking by mimicking the ritual of smoking.。
现代大学英语精读1Unit12课文翻译
Translation of Text A圣诞节的早晨1他忽然完全醒过来。
那是凌晨四点钟，这个点父亲通常会叫他起床帮忙挤奶。
奇怪的是，这个年幼时的习惯被坚持到现在。
他的父亲已经去世四十年了，但他仍然每天早晨四点钟醒来。
由于今天是圣诞节，所以他早晨醒来后没有试着再次入睡。
2然而现在的圣诞节有什么吸引力呢？他的童年和青年时代都已远去，它自己的孩子也长大成人。
3昨天他的妻子还说，“这不值得，也许——”4他说，“是的，爱丽丝，即使只有我们两个，我们也要过圣诞节。
”5然后她又说，“我们明天再修剪圣诞树吧。
罗伯特，我累了。
”6他同意了。
树一直放在后门的外面。
7他躺在了自己的床上。
她的房门关了，因为她是个浅睡者。
几年前他们决定分房睡，但是两个人都没有以前一起睡的时候睡得好。
他们已经结婚很久了，没有什么能够真正把他们分开。
8为何今晚全无睡意？因为那是一个平静的夜晚，繁星点点。
没有月亮，但星星太棒了！他想起，每年圣诞节的黎明前，星星总是又大又明亮。
9他回想起了过去，他总是自然而然地便回忆往事。
那年他15岁，仍然在父亲的农场干活。
他爱他的父亲。
直到圣诞节前几天的某一天他无意中听到了父亲对母亲说的话，才意识到这一点。
10“玛丽，我讨厌早上把罗波起床。
他正在快速长身体，他需要充足的睡眠，我真希望自己能处理得来。
”11“你不能这么做，亚当。
”他的妈妈声音干脆地说。
“而且他不再是小孩子了，是时候让他负起担子。
”12“是的，”他的父亲慢慢地说，“但我还是不想叫醒他。
”13当听到这些话时，他醒悟了：他的父亲爱他！他从来没有想过，理所当然地以为是血缘关系罢了。
既然他知道父亲是爱他的，早晨他就不会磨蹭和赖床。
他起床了，眼带睡意，跌跌撞撞地走着，穿上了他的衣服。
14然后，在圣诞节前夕，他躺在床上一直在想明天圣诞节的事情。
他们生活穷苦。
绝大部分节日的兴奋感来自于他们自己养的火鸡和母亲做的肉碎派。
他的姐姐给他缝纫一些礼物，他的父母则总是给他买他需要的东西，一件暖和的夹克衫或者一本书。
《实用英语》第三册12课A WINTER TO REMEMBER
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When was it now
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Words and expressions: late in March thawed squirted from pipes in half a dozen places instead of carting…into…from… brought in from…
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How did the birds grow and what did we do?
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Word and expressions: birds: tamer hopefully backdoor step we: bits of cheese chopped up left-overs bowls of water frozen solid
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Words and expressions: hungry in search of scraps delicate impressions
Unit 12 Text 1
A WINTER TO REMEMBER
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How did the snow fall?
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Words and expressions: silently relentlessly large soft flakes ugly patch and corner gambling garden spotless white canopy
B1 Unit 12 Text 1 英汉对照(未找到中文翻译)
课文一Text OneOn the Wrong Side of the Global DivideGrace has a little place in the suburbs. It'snot much, perhaps - the whitewash is comingoff the walls, the red-baked ground is stoneyand the persistently cheerful rhythmsthumping from the bar round the corner lookset to go on all night - but it's impossible to belonely in her one-room house in a block offour, surrounded by friends and their children,and it's a short walk to work across the fields.She says she's happy. She's just 30,she's single and she has a good job sellingluxury shoes from a shuttered wooden kiosk inthe Central Market, the exuberant commercialhub of Lilongwe. All her life should bespreading out before her, but a glance into thefuture shows death staring back, just a fewyears on.Like every fourth young man or woman inMalawi's towns and every sixth in the villages,Grace Matnanga has the HIV virus running likea slow and silent poison in her veins. You can'ttell who most of them are. They teach children,they police the streets, they work in hotelreceptions and bring up children. They laughand smile like every other Malawian. Formonths or years, they appear well. Then thedownward spiral begins. Maybe next year,maybe in five years time, depending on howwell she eats and how healthy she keepsherself, Grace will begin to lose weight. Shewill get an infection - it might be just a minorone - but after that she will get another, more serious. It could be pneumonia, it could be TB or it could be meningitis. There are drugs in Malawi's hospitals to treat all three successfully, but each time she recovers, her immune system will be that little bit more battered, her weight lower and her chances of surviving diminished. The curves of healthy flesh will disappear. She will begin to look wasted and everybody she knows will understand why. Eventually her body will give up the fight, the pain and fever will engulf her and Grace will become just another Aids statistic.She doesn't think about it, she says, with a smile and a slight shrug, as she looks out of her kiosk at the vitality and the colour of the market, where brightly dressed women sit among their sacks of mint leaves, tomatoes and red aduki beans, tailors peddle sewing machines and heat flat irons on open fires to repair old clothes and everything from door handles to dried fish to pineapples is for sale. But she knows too well what is in store. Her freedom and independence were wished on her like a curse. Once she had a husband. Once she had a child. Both are dead."I was married for eight years," she says. "My husband passed away in 1998. He collapsed and was taken to the Central Hospital and put on oxygen." Like most of the young people who die, he had not been tested for HIV, but there's little doubt that Aids killed him.He survived longer than their little daughter. Tiyajane was born in 1993, the longed-for fulfilment of marrriage in Malawian society, where almost every young woman has a baby strapped to her back. Tiyajane appeared to be healthy at first, but then the weight gain slowed. She stopped thriving. She began to get sick. She picked up infections. When she died, aged three, she was a pitiful, wasted scrap, the ulcers in her throat and mouth making the pain of swallowing more vicious than the pangs of hunger.。
高二英语下学期unit12a
故乡黄花天下香 鲜花似乎仅供人观赏。 富贵的牡丹，多情的芍芶，缠绵的蔷薇，红靥的杜鹃，人面桃花，处子般的灿烂人们一看到它们，就产生一种赏心悦目的感情，唯独，那农民普遍种植的黄花，它金黄色的花蕾，经过蒸制，晾晒，成为 酒席上的美味佳肴，反哺在泥土上耕耘的人们。 春天，黄花草象所有的春草一样，从泥土中拱出，在初夏，它的叶子蓬勃生长，在田野上淡红的紫云英开过之后，从黄花草的绿叶之中，钻出小小的花箭，象一只只擎起的手臂，上面缀满黄色的花蕾， 象张开的手指。渐渐地，千万只花箭耸起来了，在绿茵茵的黄花草之上，象一群群排列整齐的士兵。 在湖南衡阳市祁东县白地市镇到太和堂的公路沿线，连绵近百里，满山遍野都种植了黄花莱，五月至八月，鲜花次笫开放，象一个偌大的空中花园。 黄花莱的花开得很快，在它们正好欲放未放时采撷，黄花早晨还是花蕾，上午就会绽放，黄花的外形很象牵牛花，呈现一个美丽的纺缍形，在酷热的五、六、七月，黄花箭从泥土中钻出，你不让我，我 不让你，花开不败。 在炎夏的烈日下，农民们戴春斗笠或草帽，肩上挎着一个竹篓，在溽热的地里采摘黄花莱，五彩缤纷的蝴蝶在翩翩飞舞。 在我的眼里，黄花莱不仅仅是花，而且是夏天成熟很快的果实。
(完整word版)unit12课文翻译MicrosoftWord文档
The Story of Florence Nightingale弗劳伦斯.南丁格尔的故事Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on 12 May 1820 and was named Florence after her birthplace. Florence and her sister were educated by their father and private teachers. She excelled in her studies. When she grew up , she decided to become a nurse. This decision greatly upset her family, because at that time nurses in England were looked down upon by people. But she was determined, and began caring for the sick in hospitals.弗劳伦斯.南丁格尔于1820年5月12日出生在意大利，并以他的出生地命名。
其父亲和私人教师教弗劳伦斯.南丁格尔和她的妹妹学习。
她学业优秀。
长大后，她决定做一名护士，这个决定令她的家人很不安。
因为在当时的英国，护士这个职业被别人看不起。
但是，她已下定决心,并开始在医院护理病患。
In 1854 ,England was fighting a war with Russia in Turkey .At the front many British soldiers were wounded or sick. The wounded soldiers lay on the hard floors of a dirty army hospital. In the evening, the tried to sleep, but rats ran over their bodies. The conditions for them were terrible. 1854年，英国与俄国在土耳其交战，很多英国士兵在前线受伤或患病，伤兵们躺在肮脏的军队医院里坚硬的地板上。
综合英语第四册Text_A_(Unit_1-8)课文翻译
《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A (Unit 1-8)课文翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A参考译文第一单元与自然力量抗争课文A人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
冰雪卫士奈拉·B·斯密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。
希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
拿破仑发起的战役1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。
这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。
这支军队被称为大军。
拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
不久，拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。
相反，他们一路东撤，沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。
大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
到了8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。
可是，俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。
拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。
是继续追击俄国，军队，还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那儿度过将到的冬天?拿破仑孤注一掷，决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。
夜幕降临时，3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。
俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。
Unit12单元课文翻译
Unit 12Life Is Full of the Unexpected生活中充满意外In May 2001, I found a job in New York at the World Trade Center. On September 11,在2001年五月，我在纽约世贸中心找到一份工作。
在九月十一日2001, I arrived at my building at around 8:30 . I was about to go up when I decided to get a我到达我的办公楼大约在上午的八点半。
我正要上楼时我决定先去买一杯coffee first. I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my咖啡。
我去了我最喜欢的咖啡店，即使从东面出发，那里离我的办公室有两个街区。
office. As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound. Before I could当我和其他的办公室工作人员一起排队等候时，我听到一声巨响。
在我可以join the others outside to see what was going on, the first plane had already hit my office加入其他人到外面看发生什么事。
第一架飞机已经撞上我的办公building. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. I felt大楼我们难以置信的凝视着黑色的烟从燃烧着的大楼上升起。
我感到幸运，lucky to be alive.运为自己还活着。
Almost 10 years later, I woke up at 10:00 . on February 2 1,2011 and realized that my将近年后，我在2011年二月21日早上十点钟醒来。
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Unit 12 Text A 课文及译文Feeling Free感受自由①I woke up feeling cranky. I didn't want to do housework, though the laundry was piling up. I didn't want to read the work I brought home from the office. I didn't want to do anything that resembled responsible behavior. It was that kind of day.一醒来我的心情就很糟糕。
我不想做家务，尽管要洗的衣服已经堆积如山。
我也不想理会那些我从办公室带回家的工作。
我不想做任何负责任的事。
这就是那样的一天。
②As I drank my morning tea, I thought I felt a headache coming on. Yes, there it was, a dull throb just behind my eyes. Maybe I should go back to bed until it subsided. As I put the dishes in the sink, it seemed that my muscles were beginning to ache. Or was the ache in my joints? That could mean I was coming down with the flu. （承上启下句）Everyone I knew had the flu this year. Why should I be the one to escape it? I absolutely should be in bed.当我喝早茶的时候，我就感到阵阵头痛袭来。
是的，就是，一阵隐隐约约的疼痛充斥着我的眼睛。
或许，我应该继续睡觉直到疼痛消失。
当我把盘子丢进水槽里的时候，我的肌肉好像也开始隐隐作痛。
或许是我的关节在痛?那是不是我得了流感了呢?我认识的每个人今年都得了流感。
凭什么我幸免于此?我的确应该躺在床上。
③I shuffled back to bed, wiggled under the covers and shut my eyes. Another couple of hours of sleep would be so nice, but I was already completely awake. I ought to get up. But no, there was that headache and the beginning of a sniffle. Better get the tissues.我拖拉着回到床上，在被子下扭动了下就闭上了眼睛。
能再睡几小时就好了，可我现在已经完全清醒了。
我应该起床。
不，还是不要了。
我的头还痛着，鼻子也开始抽抽搭搭了，我最好去拿些纸巾。
④On my way back from the bathroom with a family-sized （适合全家用的）tissue box, I stopped to grab that big new novel I had bought but had no time to read. I opened the book and settled against the pillows.我去浴室取了一盒家庭装的纸巾，在回到卧室的路上，我停下来抓起那本我早买了但一直没有时间看的大部头小说。
我靠在枕头上打开了书。
⑤The morning was moving along and so was my reading. Another twenty pages and I was stretching. I should try to crack（找到解决办法）the report I was working on. I should at least get up and do the wash. What if I was contagiou s? I certainly didn't want to spread any germs. The wash could wait. My family was resourceful enough to scrounge clothingfor the next day.一早上就这样过去了，我的阅读也这样继续着。
接着我又看了20页，我伸展了一下身体。
我应该把那个我一直忙着的工作报告做完。
或许，我至少应该起床，洗点衣服。
要是我患了传染性感冒怎么办?我可不想传播细菌啊。
那些脏衣服可以等等再洗。
家人有足够的能力找到第二天能穿的衣服。
⑥Maybe I wasn't actually getting the flu. I didn't really want to be sick. To be truthful, all I wanted was a little time off. I needed to nurture myself away from people, chores, career and the outside world. Did I have to wait to be sick to do that? As a child, the only respite from school or family chores was illness. But I wasn't a child any more. Did I have to manufacture symptoms to provide myself with an excuse? No, I decided, I didn't.或许我根本就没有感冒。
我其实也并非真想生病。
说实话，我只是想要一点闲暇的时间而已。
我想让自己远离人群、琐事、职业以及外面的世界。
我就非得等到生病了才能那样吗?孩子能不上课或不做家务的唯一方法就是生病，但我已经不再是个孩子了。
我不得不装出生病的症状来给自己找借口吗?不，我决定了，我不需要。
⑦I talked to myself. Okay, I said, you need a day off. Admit it. Accept it. Toss out the guilt and enjoy a mini-vacation. What would you like to do? Read? You're already doing that. Pamper yourself? Take a bubble bath. Bea hermit? Let the machine answer the phone.我和自己交谈，好的，我说，你需要休息一天。
承认吧，接受吧，抛掉罪恶感，去享受这个小假期。
那你想做些什么呢?阅读吗?你已经那么做了啊。
要不就纵容一下自己，洗个泡泡浴?还是就做个隐士，让答录机去接电话呢?⑧I poured half the bottle of bath gel into the streaming water and added a hearty handful of chamomile bath salts. Then I lit a vanilla-scented candle and gingerly stepped into the bathtub. With a grateful sigh, I immersed myself in my homemade spa. I heard the phone ring somewhere off in the distance and smiled我在水中倒了半瓶沐浴露，还加了一大把甘菊浴盐，然后点起一支香草味的蜡烛，轻手轻脚地走进了浴缸里。
我长舒了一口气，泡起了自制的水疗。
我听见远处电话响起，笑而不应。
⑨It is funny how the aches subsided in the heat of the tub. They just slipped away with the last of the bubbles down the drain. My head felt just fine, the throb replaced by a sense of well-being.真是有意思，在热气腾腾的浴缸里，那些疼痛竞消失得无影无踪了，它们都随着最后的泡泡流进了下水道里。
我的头感觉好多了，眼痛也被美好的感觉取而代之。
⑩By late afternoon, I was back at it, refreshed physically, mentally and emotionally. And rather than feelinghelpless, I felt empowered. I had given myself permission to listen and respond to my needs, to care for myself th e way I tended to my family. I didn't need the crutch of illness to justify a rest. It was such a simple awareness, but then isn't it the simple things that set us free?下午晚些时候，我恢复了精神，身体上，精神上，情绪上全都焕然一新。
我也不再感到无助，反而感觉到充满力量。
我给了倾听自己并满足自己需求的机会，像照顾家人一样关心了一下自己。
我根本不需要生病这样的理由去休息。
这其实是一个非常简单的意识，不过难道不是那些简单的事情让我们感到自由吗?。