2013年_6月大学英语四级考试真题(英语单词)
2013年6月英语四级考试真题及答案
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)【答案】47. H. lowest48. J. maximum49. D. component50. I. maintain51. A. allowing52. G. increasingly53. B. avoidable54. K. prevent55. L. principle56. C. briefly【解析】47. 答案：H. lowest【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk，根据句子意思，需要选择lowest“最低的”，句子的意思是：人人都知道怎么步行，并且步行受伤的风险最低。
因此正确答案为H. lowest。
48. 答案：J. maximum【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个形容词来修饰maximum，根据句子的意思，需要选择maximum“最大的”，句子的意思是：为了从步行中获得最大的收益……。
因此正确答案为J. maximum。
49. 答案：D. component【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个名词来与important搭配，根据句意判断strength training力量训练应该是physical activity体育活动的一个组成部分，所以要用component“部分、成分”。
因此正确答案为D. component。
50. I. maintain【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择一个动词原型与build做并列成分，根据句意“力量训练的目的是为了增强和____骨骼和肌肉质量”，所以选择maintain“维持”符合文意。
因此正确答案为I. maintain。
51. 答案：A. allowing【解析】：根据上下文可以判断需要选择现在分词引导伴随状语，根据上一句“一般而言，你会想要每周做两到三次力量训练”，而这么做会使你在训练之间有恢复期，所以选allowing“允许，使（可能）”符合文意。
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套)
2013年6月英语四级考试真题试卷（2）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.School LunchRyan moved silently through the lunch line. The cook put a cheeseburger (奶酪汉堡) and an applesauce cup on his tray. He grabbed a bottle of milk from the cooler at the end of the line and found a seat in the cafeteria (食堂). Ryan saw that his friend Tyler had brought lunch from home. "What did you bring today, Tyler?" he asked.Tyler pulled his meal out of its brown paper sack. "I've got a ham sandwich, chips, two cupcakes, and a can of soda."Ryan's mouth started to water. "Uh, Tyler," he said. "If you don't want one of those cupcakes, I'll take it. They sure look good. "Tyler handed Ryan his cupcake. "Sure," he said. "I won't eat all this."Lunch RequirementsIs Ryan eating a healthy meal if he eats the school lunch? School lunch supporters say "Yes." Recent studies show that a government-approved school lunch has more variety and is more nutritious (有营养的) than most lunches brought from home. It's also lower in fat.The National School Lunch Act requires that school lunches go along with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans developed by the government. Meals must contain a variety of foods with plenty of grains and at least one fruit or vegetable each day. Foods must not contain too much sugar or salt.A hot lunch can contain up to 30% fat, but not more than 10% of its calories (卡路里) should come from saturated (饱和的) fat. In an average week, you should get one-third of the daily Recommended Dietary Allowances for protein, iron, calcium (钙), and vitamins A and C from your school lunch.Dare to CompareLet's compare Ryan's and Tyler's meals to sec which is healthier. Ryan's hot lunch (without the cupcake from his friend) has 577 calories, 25 grams of total fat. and 12 grams of saturated fat. He had one serving of fruit, 26 grams of protein, and 483 milligrams of calcium. Ryan ate more total fat (39%) and saturated fat (19%) than the dietary guidelines recommend. However, schools can still meet the guidelines by having the numbers average out over a week of lunches.Tyler's lunch from home (this includes both cupcakes) had 1 014 calories. 45 grams (40%) of total fat, and 10 grams (9%) of saturated fat. He ate 21 grams of protein and 155 milligrams of calcium, but no fruits or vegetables. Tyler's meal met the saturated fat guidelines, but had too much total fat.Tyler ate more calories and total fat than Ryan did. Ryan ate more protein, calcium, and fruit than Tyler did. Which meal would you say is the healthier choice?? la Carte OptionsFederal standards and most school districts forbid selling food in the cafeteria that competes with the school lunch. Many programs do, however, offer àla carte choices for students who don't want the hot meal. Foods sold àla carte separate from the main meal and are priced individually. These foods do not have to meet the same nutritional standards as the foods on the hot lunch menu. Neither do the foods sold at a snack-bar or those foods available elsewhere in the school.A study in one Texas school district compared the lunches of fourth graders who did not have food choices with those of fifth graders who could choose either a standard lunch or select from a snack-bar. The fourth graders ate 25% more fruits and vegetables than the fifth graders.Food sold as fund-raisers can also have an impact on school lunch. The money raised is important to provide needed funds for many after-class activities. But the meal's overall nutritional quality usually goes down. Many of these foods are high in fat, sugar, or both, and often come in extralarge portions. Fundraisers rarely sell fruits and vegetables.Choosing WiselySchool food-service programs are trying to please students, and still offer quality, nutritious meals at low cost. That task isn't easy. One school district in New York decided to do something about it. A student advisory board kept the food-service director up-to-date on what the kids wanted. They also worked with school snack-bars to sell smaller servings of chips and candy. You can make healthy meal choices at school even when not-so-healthy choices are available. You can be sure to get a nutritious meal when you pick foods from the Food Guide Pyramid. Forexample, always drink milk or a calcium-rich juice for lunch. Even chocolate milk is more nutritious than soda or a sports drink. Stay away from snack foods offered àla carte. They may fill you up now, but the ones that contain a lot of fat and sugar will slow you down later. Always eat the fruits and vegetables offered at the meal. They help give you the energy and vitamins you need to get you through the rest of your school day.Some people like to make fun of school lunches, but good nutrition is no laughing matter. Your school's hot lunch is based on the Food Guide Pyramid, so it's full of nutrition. Give it a try. You might be pleasantly surprised.It's a Team EffortTeam Nutrition is a program that gets schools excited about healthy eating. Schools across the nation pick a team leader who develops fun nutrition activities. The leader works with students, teachers, parents, food-service workers, and people from the community. Activities can range from running a school health fair to planting a garden.At the Jordan Community School in Chicago, Illinois, one group of fifth graders showed off their "pizza(比萨饼)garden" in a big, colorful poster showing vegetarian pizzas. The students and food-service staff planted and took care of the vegetables that they would later use as ingredients on their pizzas. The group started growing the plants in the school's cafeteria. Then they moved them outdoors to the students' demonstration garden.This is just one way to get everyone involved in making school lunch healthy and fun. Team up with your own group and see how creative you can get.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2013年6月英语四级考试真题(第1套)
2013年6月四级真题（第1套）Part ⅠWriting（30 minutes）Directions：For this part．you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay．You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part ⅡListening Comprehension（30 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations．At the end ofeach conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what Was said．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After each question there will be apause．During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A，B，C and D，anddecide which is the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet lwith a single line through the centre．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。
Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information givenin the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of tradit ional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re he with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially whendollarsyou factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds ofevery semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions.Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom,basically stuck with aessentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’refour pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many ofmirage（幻影）in the distance,these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like amore like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all yourtextbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books.Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at theUniversity of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooksjust last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalp who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They werenwrite in it. So a third of the peopleit as a source of communication because they couldn’t read orin my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops andthe last third were using paper and pencil.” of e-edition textbooks The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionalityis incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released anover 50 undergraduate and graduate classroomsupdated version last week, and it’ll be utilized inthis coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digitaltextbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.” He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the groundup, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as askeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view itshe says,various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.” Next he pulls up a music c omposition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learningclear why this would beexperience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’ssomething a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how itworks!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights andnotes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to helpimprove your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where thin get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users,that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook tocome across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebookfriends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorteddemocratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with thebest and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They’ll be able to answerthe questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well.Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs(the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able topurchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing aslittle as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you cantell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions aregiving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite sometime. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen,and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now,that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4. Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream productsD) they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A) a good example of the mainstream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for building multimedia contentD) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooksnotation system because one can_____.6. The author is most excited about lnkling’sA) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC) vote for the best learners democraticallyD) store information on the cloud7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of _____.9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which isthe best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.juice.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orangeC) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12. A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heating system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.D) She has almost recovered from the cough.C) She does not trust the man’s advice.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.y special attention.B) It usually doesn’t require anC) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you havejust heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, anational survey showed that (45) ____________________________________________________________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________________________________________________________________.Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physicalactivity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week,51 recovery days between sessions. Finally, flexibility and balance training are52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do wheneveryou stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneA) allowingF) helping K) prevent B) avoidableG) increasingly L) principle C) brieflyH) lowest M) provoke D) componentI) maintain N) seriously E) determined J) maximum O) topicQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’redoing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take alesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s dis “Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously andrationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information andmore access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assu me people make “In contrast,” rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — ofwhich immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.” behavior with food and alcohol and results of The research references studies of people’salcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising ifapplied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These makealcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash-through facilities. Atregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drivesupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals forjunk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.-consumption.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected,turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography anddominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.that explanation Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago,Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak inventedthe first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its newdiscovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time thecompany realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent alot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult timeswitching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the newbusinesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fullyembrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them.Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the companycommanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which underminedKodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid wentinstead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep,a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’ｔ74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from i nability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze （小睡）can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’ｔ81 being able to fall asleep at night.or too chilly. 82 snapping Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm。
2013年06月大学英语四级真题含答案
2013年6月大学英语四级考试试题Part Writing (30 minute)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute)HighwayA government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict, centric controlled desert criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic, features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load. Innovative, designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of American.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida ,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr. baker in Washington developed under the nation's physical challenges, Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today the interstate system links every major city in the U.S, and the U.S with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, our engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs, access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cultural programs health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they enrich most: personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck. And most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: "Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts."1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geograp hical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.7. Services stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________10.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_____________Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A)The girls got on well with each other. B)It's understandable that girls don't get along.C)She was angry with the other young stars. D)The girls lacked the courage to fight.12. A)The woman does her own housework. B)The woman needs a housekeeper.C)The woman's house is in a mess. D)The woman works as a housekeeper.13. A)The Edwards are quite well-off.B)The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C)It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D)It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.14.A)The woman didn't except it to be so warm at noon. B)The woman is sensitive to weather changes.C)The weather forecast was unreliable D)The weather turned cold all of a sudden.15. A)At a clinic. B)At a restaurant. C)In a supermarket. D)In an ice cream shop.16. A)The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.B)The man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district.C)The woman started working at an early age to support her family .D)The man doesn’t think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things.17. A)The man has never seen the woman before. B)The two speakers work for the same company.C)The two speakers work in the same floor. D)The woman is interested in market research.18. A)The woman can't tolerate any noise. B)The man is looking foe an apartment.C)The man has missed his appointment. D)the woman is going to take a train trip.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)To make a business report to the woman . B)To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.C)To resign from his position in the woman's company. D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.20. A)He is head of a small trading company. B)He works in an international insurance company.C)He leads s team of brokers in a big company. D)He is a public relations officer in a small company.21. A)The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B)Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman's responsibilities.C)Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.D)The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past experience.22. A)She's worried about the seminar. B)The man keeps interrupting her.C)She finds it too hard. D)She lacks interest in it.23. A)The lecturers are boring. B)The course is poorly designed.C)She prefers Philosophy to English. D)She enjoys literature more.24. A)Karen's friend. B)Karen's parents. C)Karen's lecturers. D)Karen's herself.25. A)Changing her major. B)Spending less of her parents' money.C)Getting transferred to the English Department. D)Leaving the university.Section BPassage One Question 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. B) Burn the body. C) Bury the dead near a church. D)buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land. B)To see whether they have decayed.C)To follow the Greek religious practice. D)To move them to a multi-Storey28. A)They should be buried lying down . B)They should be buried standing up.C)They should be buried after being washed. D)They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A)Burning dead bodies to ashes. B)Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C)Placing dead bodies in a bone room. D)Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage Two Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A)Many foreign tourist visit the Unite States every year. B)Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C)The United States is a country of immigrants. D)Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A)They can make friends with people from other countries.B)They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C)They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D)They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A)The couple cook the dishes and the children help them .B)The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the address.C)The mother does the cooking while the famepand children within the guests.D)A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard .33. A)He took them to watch a basketball game. B)He trained them to play European football.C)He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket. D)He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A)The players found the basket too high to teach. B)The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C)The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules. D)The players soon found the game boring.35. A)By removing the bottom of the basket. B)By lowering the position of the basket.C)By simplifying the complex rules. D)By altering the size Of the basket.Section CF or American time is money. They say, “you only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The(36)__________without be better than the past or present. As American are (37)__________to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activity, Thus American(38)__________a "well-organized" person is punctual and is(40)__________of other people's time. They do not (41)__________people's time with conversation or other activity that has no(42)__________beneficial outcome.The American attitude toward time is not (43)__________shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They aremore likely to regard time as (44)__________.One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the states is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In the contest (45)__________.McDonald’s, KFC, and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants(46)__________, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.Part IV reading comprehension(reading in depth)Section AEI Nino is name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange ___47_____happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in ____48____,the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5`C.The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South American ____50____floods to Peru. In the West pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and____51____.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most___52____weather in modern history .Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds ____53___of damage. The 1990 EI Nino will ____55___,but they are still not __56___sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.A)estimate B)strength C)deliberately D)notify E)tropical F)phenomenon G)stable H)attractionI)completely J)destructive K)starvation L)bringing M)exhaustion N)worth O)strikeSection BPassage OneCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt(困扰)you appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, Mew York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation foe each medium .He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages,27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His resolves to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触）of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time in a instant message or phone call say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He fond many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的)responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?"Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.57.Hancock's study focuses on ____________.A)the consequences of lying in various communications’ media.B)the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas.C)people are less likely to lie in instant messages.D)people 's honesty levels across a range of communications media.58.Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that________________.A)people are less likely to lie in instant messages. B)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions.C)people are most likely to lie in email communication D)People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations.59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B)They believe that honesty is the best policy.C)They tend to be relaxed when using those media. D)They are most practiced at those forms of communication.60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because____________.A)Salesmen can talk directly to their customers. B)Salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate.C)Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy. D)Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.61. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.A)Honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB)more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC)suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company.Passage TwoIn a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland security ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South American .Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to blank mall(讹诈)by terrorists Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept.11, then you’re disposable Ther e are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely .Ana Castro, a ,mana ger at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)。
2013年6月大学英语四级真题试卷(第2套)
2013年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（第2套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay。
You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.As is vividly depicted in the picture above, a teacher asks her student to read a piece of literature and tells him just to think of it as if he is reading a long text-message. Nonetheless, fewer people are willing to sit down and enjoy a good literary work。
The concept of literature may seem to be very old, but its importance has not faded。
We can benefit a lot from reading literature。
To begin with，it brings us a wide range of intellectual benefits, such as expanding vocabulary and developing new ideas. Furthermore, it broadens our horizons。
2013年6月份英语四级题目和答案
Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11.W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today.M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?13.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?14.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.Q: What doesthe man imply about Pam?15.W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another twenty minutes.Q: What does the man mean?16.M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.Q: What does the woman imply?17.M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?18.W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Section BQuestions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job.W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: Lisa, Lisa! Over here, darling! It's wonderful to see you. Oh, Lisa, you look marvelous.W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you've been working too hard.M: I'm fine. The city is very hot this time of the year. It's good to get back to some fresh air. You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.W: What's that Paul?M: They say they look beautiful.W: Well, I had a lot of tension while you've been studying hard on your course in D.C.M: Oh?W: Oh, don't worry, all from a man over 50. Father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. And the phone hasn't stopped ringing.M: Oh, look, darling. There's a taxi.W: Paul, tell me about the special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded very excited about it!M: You know, I've learned a lot from the project. I'm surprised that was still in business.W: That's because we have a wonderful sales manager ——you!M: Thanks. But that's not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little compared to the giants in the city. Our little company's in danger. We are out of date.We need to expand. If we don't, we will be swallowed up by one of the giants.Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What do we learn about Lisa?24. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?25. What does the man say about his company?Section CPassage 1Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.Farmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls' 4-H club improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean the 72 foot curbside that was covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig in plot, five flats of flowers. They also took terms in watering, weeding and maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls developed a new attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was involved in this project, she would not even pour a weed. The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, pick-me tables, swings and public rest rooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they receive satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing one and is spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Trees and flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?27. What do the 4-H club members do about the curbside?28. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?29. Why do the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to complete.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 2According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the 12 to 18 years old interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And 87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagreed with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.Over half teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also show that middle school students read more books than high schoolers. Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Over 26% are interested in non-fiction, such history books.64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age. That's a favorite topic. Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture in tradition. Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49%said that libraries are where they get most of their books. However, many complain that their school libraries do not have enough up-to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What does the survey on teenager reading show?31. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?32. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week?Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 3Thank you for coming, everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today. Let’s start with power. It’s clear that petrol-driven engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent thinkers have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles. Sure, in the past electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range, and very few recharging points, which limited their use. Now, however, recent developments in electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms of performance and safety. Let’s not forget that electric vehicles ar e cleaner. Plus, importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any valuable resources. Moving on to communications, very soon, cars will be linked to GPS satellites, so they’ll do all the driving for you. What controls remain for the users will be audio-based, so, for example, you’ll just have to say “a bit warmer”, and the air conditioning will adjust automatically. You’ll also be able to receive email, music and movies, all via an internet link. So just type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch your movie, whatever.Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. What is the presentation mainly about?34. What used to restrict the use of electric vehicles?35. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?2013年6月大学英语四级考试Part III Listening Comprehension长对话答案+解析Conversation 1【听力原文】W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?Good, Thanks.W: Can you tell me something about your experiences in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work, and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job?W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？【总评】这是一篇以面试为场景的听力对话。
2013年6月英语四级真题
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.A) Children should be taught to be more careful.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orange juice.C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12.A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heating system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.C) She does not trust the man’s advice. D) She has almost recovered from the co ugh.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Ro mero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To save space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments on different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing process.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.B) It usually doesn’t require any special treatment.C) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It generally lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They incidentally annoy their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They blame others for dissatisfying their friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is (40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another —can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ___________________________________________________ _________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventB) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriouslyE) determined J) maximum O) topicA)Ancient peoples only loosely related to modern Asians crossed the Arctic land bridge to settle America about 15,000 years ago, according to a study offering new evidence that the Western Hemisphere had a more genetically diverse population at a much earlier time than previously thought. The early immigrants most closely resembled the prehistoric Jomon people of Japan and their closest modern descendants, the Ainu, from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, the study said. Both the Jomon and Ainu have skull and facial characteristics more genetically similar to those of Europeans than those of mainland Asians.B)The immigrants settled throughout the hemisphere, and were in place when a second Migration —from mainland Asia—came across the Bering Strait beginning 5,000 years ago and swept southward as far as modern -day Arizona and New Mexico, the study said, The second migration is the genetic origin of today’s Eskimos, Aleuts and the Navajo of the US southwest. The study in today’s edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences adds new evidence to help settle one of anthropology’s(人类学)most controversial debates: Who were the first Americans? And when did they come?C)“When this has been done before, it’s been done from one point of view,” said University of Michigan physical anthropologist C. Loring Brace, who led the team of researchers from the United States, China and Mongolia who wrote the new report. “We try to put together more aspects.” For decades, anthropologists held that the Americas were populated by a single migration from Asia about 11,200 year ago—the supposed age of the earliest of the elegantly crafted, grooved arrowheads first found in the 1930s in Clovis, N. M. By the end of the 1990s, however, the weight of evidence had pushed back the date of the first arrivals several thousand years. A site at Cactus Hill, near Richmond, may be 17,000 years old. In Chile, scientists discovering a 12,500-year-old settlement at Monte Verde have found evidence of a human presence that may extend as far as 30,000 years. But as the migration timetable went on, additional questions have arisen. The 1996 discovery in Kennewick, Washington, of the nearly complete skeleton of a 9,300-year-old man with “apparently Caucasoid” features stimulated interest in the possibility of two or more migrations—including the possible incoming from Europe.D)The new study attempted to answer this question by comparing 21 skull and facial characteristics from more than 10,000 ancient and modern populations in the Western Hemisphere and the Old World. The findings provide strong evidence supporting earlier work suggesting that ancient Americans, like Kennewick Man, were descended from the Jomon, who walked from Japan to the Asian mainland and eventually to the Western Hemisphere on land bridges as the Earth began to warm up about 15,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age.E)Brace described these early immigrants as “hunters and gatherers” following herds of mastodon(乳齿象)first into North America, and eventually spreading throughout the hemisphere. Because the North—in both Siberia and Canada—was still extremely cold, only a limited number of people could make the trek(长途跋涉) and survive. So immigration slowed, Brace said, for about 10 millennia(一千年). Then, about 5,000 years ago, agriculture developed on mainland Asia, enabling people to grow, store and carry food in more lonely areas. Movement resumed, but the newcomers were genetically Asians—“distinct racially” from the first wave, Brace added.F)The second wave spread across what is now Canada and came southward, cohabiting(同居) with the earlier settlers and eventually creating the mixed population found by the Spaniardsi n the 15th century. While many researchers agree on the likelihood of two migrations, both their timing and origin are matters of dispute. Brace’s team suggests that both movements occurred after the last Ice Age began to moderate between 14,000 and 15,000 years ago.G)But University of Pennsylvania molecular anthropologist Theodore Schurr said genetic data inAmerican populations suggest that humans may have been in the Western Hemisphere muchearlier —25,000 to 30,000 year ago. This would mean that the first wave came before the “glacial maximum” between 14,000 and 20,000 years ago, when the Ice Age was at its fiercestand “human movement was practically impossible,” Schurr said. “Were there people here beforethe last glacial maximum?” he asked. “The suggestion is ‘Yes’”.H)The third wave arose in the American continent around the year 1000, when a small number ofVikings arrived. Five hundred years later, the great European migration began. In some cases,the co-existence of Europeans and Native Americans was peaceful. In other cases, there werecultural clashes, leading to violence and disease. Many people from Africa, however, werebought here against their will to work as forced laborers in the building of a new nation. Asearly as 1619, slaves from Africa and the Caribbean were brought forcibly to America. Later,102 English colonists (later referred to as the “Pilgrims”) set sail in 1620 on the Mayflower.They landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts. This is generally considered by many to be the“s t a r t”of planned European migration! In 1638, just 18 years after the Mayflower, the Swedes begantheir migration to America. Unlike the Pilgrim Fathers, the Swedes were not religiousopponents—they were an organized group of colonizers sent by the Swedish Government toestablish a colony in Delaware. In 1655, the colony was lost to the Dutch. In the mid-1840s, awave of Swedish migration began with the landing of a group of migrant farmers in New York and continued up to World War I.I)During the colonial era most of the immigrants to the US came from Northern Europe. Theirnumbers declined during the 1770s, but picked up during the mid-1800s.New arrivals camefrom several countries, but mostly from Germany and Ireland where crop failures caused manyto leave their homelands. Other groups also arrived from the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, the Scandinavian countries, and Eastern Europe.46.The anthropologists’ earlier work believes that the Jomon are the ancestors of KennewickMan.47.Only small numbers of early immigrants survived in Canada in that the extreme cold weatherwasn’t suitable for their survival.48.According to a study, Jomon people’s facial features have more genetic similarities toEuropeans’.49.Cultural clashed made people in the American continent sometimes not co-exist in peaceduring the third wave of immigration.50.Before the end of the 1990s, anthropologists held the opinion that the migration from Asiapopulated the Americas about 11,200 years ago.51.Many Irish people immigrated to America because of crop failures in their homeland.52.Many researchers have different opinions about the first two migrations in the aspect of origin and timing.53.The second migration includes the ancestors of today’s Eskimos and the Navajo of the USsouthwest.54.According to Brace, the new immigrants and the first immigrants are totally different in race.55.According to Theodore Schurr, human movement was impossible during the fiercest period ofthe Ice Age.。
2013年6月英语四级考试真题及完整答案
2013年6月英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing对白子：Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（处理核废料）父：If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything范文：The picture shows us a dialogue between a father and a son. The son told his fa ther, “Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste”. While his father told him, “If you can empty the dustbin here you can do anything”. It reveals the importance of doing small things well before undertaking something big. There is also an old Chinese saying to go with this that a person can’t sweep the world before he can sweep his own room.Unquestionably, doing small things is the first step of success and will layroot for doing something big. By doing something small, we are enabled to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other word, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast,those who set out to do something big will be constantly haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures. As when opportunity “something big” appears, they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things.Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty the dustbin?From my perspective, under no circumstances should we undervalue the power of doing small things. Instead, we should regard small things as the source of experience, skills and the prerequisite of success. “Great achievement only belongs to those who can do small things perfectly.” Aristotle once said.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1.A. they are not rescued once a new edition comes out2. B. They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.3. A. they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad.4. D. they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. C. a platform for building multimedia content6. A. share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers7. C. professors can join in students’ online discussions8. manpower to put together each one9. cost10. remains to be seen【整体点评】这是一篇讨论电子课本能否取代纸质课本的议论文。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案详解(第1套)
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)11. A) The woman is the manager's secretary. B) The man found himself in a wrong place.C) The man is the manager's business associate.D) The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.12. A) He needs more time for the report. B) He needs help to interpret the data.C) He is sorry not to have helped the woman. D) He does not have sufficient data to go on.13. A) A friend from New York. B) A message from Tony.C) A postal delivery. D) A change in the weather.14. A) She is not available until the end of next week. B) She is not a reliable source of information.C) She does not like taking exams. D) She does not like psychology.15. A) He will help the woman carry the suitcase. B) The woman's watch is twenty minutes fast.C) The woman shouldn't make such a big fuss. D) There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.16. A) Mary is not so easygoing as her. B) Mary and she have a lot in common.C) She finds it hard to get along with Mary. D) She does not believe what her neighbors said.17. A) At an information service. B) At a car wash point.C) At a repair shop. D) At a dry cleaner's.18. A) The woman came to the concert at the man's request.B) The man is already fed up with playing the piano.C) The piece of music the man played is very popular.D) The man's unique talents are the envy of many people.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.B) He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.C) He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.D) He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.20. A) He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.B) He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.C) He likes to work in a company close to home.D) He would rather get a less demanding job.21. A) Sports. B) Travel. C) Foreign languages. D) Computer games22. A) When he is supposed to start work.B) What responsibilities he would have.C) When he will be informed about his application.D) What career opportunities her company can offer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) She is pregnant. B) She is over 50.C) She has just finished her project. D) She is a good saleswoman.24. A) He takes good care of Lisa. B) He is the CEO of a giant company.C) He is good at business management. D) He works as a sales manager.25. A) It is in urgent need of further development.B) It produces goods popular among local people.C) It has been losing market share in recent years.D) It is well positioned to compete with the giants.Section B Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26. A) It is lined with tall trees. C) It has high buildings on both sides.B) It was widened recently. D) It used to be dirty and disorderly.27. A) They repaved it with rocks. C) They beautified it with plants.B) They built public restrooms on it. D) They set up cooking facilities near it.28. A) What makes life enjoyable. C) What a community means.B) How to work with tools. D) How to improve health.29. A) They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.B) They were encouraged by the city officials' praise.C) They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.D) They derived happiness from the constructive work.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) The majority of them think it less important than computers.B) Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.C) The majority of them find it interesting.D) Few of them read more than ten books a year.31. A) Novels and stories. C) History and science books.B) Mysteries and detective stories. D) Books on culture and tradition.32. A) Watching TV. C) Reading magazines.B) Listening to music. D) Playing computer games.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Advice on the purchase of cars.B) Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.C) Trends for the development of the motor car.D) Solutions to global fuel shortage.34. A) Limited driving range. C) The short life of batteries.B) Huge recharging expenses. D) The unaffordable high price.35. A) They need to be further improved.B) They can easily switch to natural gas.C) They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.D) They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.Section CMy favorite T.V. show? "The Twilight Zone." I (36) ______ like the episode called "The Printer's Devil." It's about a newspaper editor who's being (37) ______ out of business by a big newspaper syndicate - you know, a group of papers (38) ______ by the same people.He's about to (39) ______ suicide when he's interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered $5000 to pay off his newspaper's (40) ______, but this Smith character also offers his (41) ______ for free. It turns out that the guy (42) ______ the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he's turning out newspapers with (43) ______ headlines. The small paper is successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories only minutes after they happen - but soon he's presented with a contract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! (44) ______________________________________, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens - and it's all terrible one disaster after another. (45) ____________________________________________. I really like these old episodes of "The Twilight Zone" because the stories are fascinating. (46) _________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BPassage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted （分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most pla ces you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to theback of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much. B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist. D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively. B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions. D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few peop le are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule a bout alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas. D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribu te Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 —but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win apermanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden. B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why do es the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself. B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to com pete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden. B) A mirror. C) A joke. D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography. B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics. D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part VI Translation (5 minutes)87. Although only in her teens, my sister is looking forward to _________________（独自去海外学习).88. It’s true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures, _______（即使我们投入时间和金钱).89. The old couple hoped that their son ________________（将不辜负他们的期望).90. So badly _________________(他在车祸中受伤)that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year.91. Nowadays, some people still have trouble ________________（从网上获取信息).2013年6月英语四级答案详解Part III Listening Comprehension Section A11.W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today.M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?13.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?14.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.Q: What does the man imply about Pam?15W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another twenty minutes.Q: What does the man mean?16M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.Q: What does the woman imply?17 M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?18W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?长对话1Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. Macaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be infor med about my application for the job.W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman?【总评】一篇以面试为场景的听力对话。
2013年06月英语四级完整版真题及答案2套
2013年06月英语四级完整版真题:第二套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)School LunchRyan moved silently through the lunch line. The cook put a cheeseburger (奶酪汉堡) and an applesauce cup on his tray. He grabbed a bottle of milk from the cooler at the end of the line and found a seat in the cafeteria (食堂). Ryan saw that his friend Tyler had brought lunch from home. "What did you bring today, Tyler?" he asked.Tyler pulled his meal out of its brown paper sack. "I've got a ham sandwich, chips, two cupcakes, and a can of soda."Ryan's mouth started to water. "Uh, Tyler," he said. "If you don't want one of those cupcakes, I'll take it. They sure look good. "Tyler handed Ryan his cupcake. "Sure," he said. "I won't eat all this."Lunch RequirementsIs Ryan eating a healthy meal if he eats the school lunch? School lunch supporters say "Yes." Recent studies show that a government-approved school lunch has more variety and is morenutritious (有营养的) than most lunches brought from home. It's also lower in fat.The National School Lunch Act requires that school lunches go along with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans developed by the government. Meals must contain a variety of foods with plenty of grains and at least one fruit or vegetable each day. Foods must not contain too much sugar or salt.A hot lunch can contain up to 30% fat, but not more than 10% of its calories (卡路里) should come from saturated (饱和的) fat. In an average week, you should get one-third of the daily Recommended Dietary Allowances for protein, iron, calcium (钙), and vitamins A and C from your school lunch.Dare to CompareLet's compare Ryan's and Tyler's meals to sec which is healthier. Ryan's hot lunch (without the cupcake from his friend) has 577 calories, 25 grams of total fat. and 12 grams of saturated fat. He had one serving of fruit, 26 grams of protein, and 483 milligrams of calcium. Ryan ate more total fat (39%) and saturated fat (19%) than the dietary guidelines recommend. However, schools can still meet the guidelines by having the numbers average out over a week of lunches.Tyler's lunch from home (this includes both cupcakes) had 1 014 calories. 45 grams (40%) of total fat, and 10 grams (9%) of saturated fat. He ate 21 grams of protein and 155 milligrams of calcium, but no fruits or vegetables. Tyler's meal met the saturated fat guidelines, but had too much total fat.Tyler ate more calories and total fat than Ryan did. Ryan ate more protein, calcium, and fruit than Tyler did. Which meal would you say is the healthier choice?? la Carte OptionsFederal standards and most school districts forbid selling food in the cafeteria that competes with the school lunch. Many programs do, however, offer à la carte choices for students who don't want the hot meal. Foods sold à la carte separate from the main meal and are priced individually. These foods do not have to meet the same nutritional standards as the foods on the hot lunch menu. Neither do the foods sold at a snack-bar or those foods available elsewhere in the school.A study in one Texas school district compared the lunches of fourth graders who did not have food choices with those of fifth graders who could choose either a standard lunch or select from a snack-bar. The fourth graders ate 25% more fruits and vegetables than the fifth graders.Food sold as fund-raisers can also have an impact on school lunch. The money raised is important to provide needed funds for many after-class activities. But the meal's overall nutritional quality usually goes down. Many of these foods are high in fat, sugar, or both, and often come in extralarge portions. Fundraisers rarely sell fruits and vegetables.Choosing WiselySchool food-service programs are trying to please students, and still offer quality, nutritious meals at low cost. That task isn't easy. One school district in New York decided to do something about it. A student advisory board kept the food-service director up-to-date on what the kids wanted. They also worked with school snack-bars to sell smaller servings of .You can make healthy meal choices at school even when not-so-healthy choices are available. You can be sure to get a nutritious meal when you pick foods from the Food Guide Pyramid. Forexample, always drink milk or a calcium-rich juice for lunch. Even chocolate milk is more nutritious than soda or a sports drink. Stay away from snack foods offered à la carte. They may fill you up now, but the ones that contain a lot of fat and sugar will slow you down later. Always eat the fruits and vegetables offered at the meal. They help give you the energy and vitamins you need to get you through the rest of your school day.Some people like to make fun of school lunches, but good nutrition is no laughing matter. Your school's hot lunch is based on the Food Guide Pyramid, so it's full of nutrition. Give it a try. You might be pleasantly surprised.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2013年06月英语四级考试真题单词
1. ability [ə'biliti]n. 能力，能耐；才能2. able ['eibl]adj. 能；[经管] 有能力的；能干的3. about [ə'baut]prep. 关于；大约n. 大致；粗枝大叶；不拘小节的人adj. 在附近的；四处走动的；在起作用的adv. 大约；周围；到处4. abuse [ə'bju:z, ə'bju:s]n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂；弊端；恶习，陋习vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂5. abusersn. abuser的名词复数形式6. abusing虐待7. accept [ək'sept]vi. 承认；同意；承兑vt. 接受；承认；承担；承兑；容纳8. accepted [ək'septid]v. 接受（accept的过去式及过去分词）adj. 公认的；录取的；可接受的；已承兑的9. acceptsn. 合格品；良浆v. 接受；承认（accept的三单形式）；同意10. accident ['æksidənt]n. 事故；意外；[法] 意外事件；机遇11. according [ə'kɔ:diŋ]adj. 相符的adv. 依照12. account [ə'kaunt]n. 账户；解释；账目，账单；理由vt. 认为；把…视为vi. 解释；导致；报账13. accountants会计人员14. accurate ['ækjurət]adj. 精确的15. activitiesn. （activity复数形式）活动；活动区；活动性16. actors [[ˈæktəz]]n. 演员，男演员；电影演员（actor的复数形式）17. actressesn. 女演员（actress的复数）18. addition [ə'diʃən]n. 添加；[数] 加法；增加物19. advocatesn. 拥护者；提倡者（advocate的复数）；代讼人vt. 主张（advocate的第三人称单数）；提倡20. affection [ə'fekʃən]n. 喜爱，感情；影响；感染21. afraid [ə'freid]adj. 害怕的；恐怕；担心的22. After ['ɑ:ftə, 'æf-]conj. 在……之后prep. 在……之后adj. 以后的adv. 后来，以后23. again [ə'ɡen, -'ɡein]adv. 又，此外；再一次24. against [ə'ɡenst, ə'ɡeinst]prep. 反对，违反；靠；倚；防备adj. 不利的；对立的25. agents26. ago [ə'ɡəu]adj. 以前的；过去的adv. 以前，以往27. agree [ə'ɡri:]vi. 同意；意见一致vt. 同意；赞成；承认28. agreed [ə'ɡri:d]v. 同意；赞成（agree的过去式）adj. 同意的；通过协议的29. agrees同意30. aiming ['eimiŋ]n. 目标；瞄准；导航，引导v. 针对；瞄准；旨在（aim的ing形式）；力求31. air [εə]n. 空气，大气；天空；样子；曲调vt. 使通风，晾干；夸耀vi. 通风32. airport ['εəpɔ:t]n. 机场；航空站33. all [ɔ:l]n. 全部adj. 全部的adv. 全然地；越发pron. 全部34. allowedv. 允许；认可（allow的过去分词）adj. 允许，容许的35. almost ['ɔ:lməust]adv. 差不多，几乎36. alone [ə'ləun]adj. 独自的；单独的；孤独的adv. 独自地；单独地37. along [ə'lɔŋ]prep. 沿着；顺着adv. 一起；向前；来到38. also ['ɔ:lsəu]conj. 并且；另外adv. 也；而且；同样39. alter ['ɔ:ltə]vt. 改变，更改vi. 改变；修改40. although [ɔ:l'ðəu]conj. 虽然，尽管41. always ['ɔ:lweiz, -wiz]adv. 永远，一直；总是；常常42. American [ə'merikən]n. 美国人adj. 美国的43. among [ə'mʌŋ]prep. 在…中间；在…之中44. amount [ə'maunt]n. 数量；总额，总数vi. 总计，合计；相当于；共计；产生…结果45. An [强æn, 弱ən, n]art. 一（在元音字母前）46. analyse ['ænəlaiz]vt. 分析；分解；细察47. and [强ænd, 弱ənd, ən]conj. 和，与；就；而且；但是；然后48. Another [ə'nʌðə]prep. 另一个；另一个人adj. 又一，另一；另外的；不同的pron. 另一个；又一个49. answer ['ɑ:nsə, 'æn-]n. 回答；答案；答辩vt. 回答；符合vi. 回答；符合50. any ['eni]adj. 任何的；所有的；丝毫pron. 任何；任何一个；若干adv. 稍微；少许51. anybody ['eni,bɔdi]n. 重要人物pron. 任何人52. Anyone ['eniwʌn]pron. 任何人；任何一个53. anything ['eniθiŋ]pron. 任何事54. anyway ['eniwei]adv. 无论如何，不管怎样；总之55. apartment [ə'pɑ:tmənt]n. 公寓；房间56. appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]vi. 增值；涨价vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别57. approach [ə'prəutʃ]n. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；着手处理vi. 靠近58. are [强ɑ:, 弱ə]v. 是（be的第二人称单复数现在式）n. 公亩59. area ['εəriə]n. 区域，地区；面积；范围60. arguing ['argjuiŋ]n. 争吵v. 争吵（argue的ing形式）；争辩61. around [ə'raund]prep. 四处；在…周围adv. 大约；到处；在附近62. arrows ['ærəus]n. 箭头63. article ['ɑ:tikəl]n. 文章；物品；条款；[语] 冠词vt. 订约将…收为学徒或见习生；使…受协议条款的约束vi. 签订协议；进行控告64. as [æz]conj. 因为；随着；虽然；依照；当…时prep. 如同；当作；以…的身份adv. 同样地；和…一样的65. aside [ə'said]prep. 在…旁边n. 旁白；私语，悄悄话；离题的话adv. 离开，撇开；在旁边66. asked [æskt]n. 卖方要价v. 问（ask的过去式）67. assignment [ə'sainmənt]n. 分配；任务；作业；功课68. assignments [ə'sainmənts]n. 作业（assignment的复数形式）；分配69. assist [ə'sist]n. 帮助；助攻vi. 参加；出席vt. 帮助；促进70. assistant [ə'sistənt]n. 助手，助理，助教adj. 辅助的，助理的；有帮助的71. associate [ə'səuʃieit, ə'səuʃiət, -eit]n. 同事，伙伴；关联的事物adj. 副的；联合的vt. 联想；使联合；使发生联系vi. 交往；结交72. astronomically [,æstrə'nɔmikli]adv. 天文学上地；宇航学地；天体地73. At [强æt, 弱ət]prep. 在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；以（某种价格、速度等）；向；因为；朝；忙于74. attend [ə'tend]vi. 出席；致力于；照料；照顾vt. 出席；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴75. attention [ə'tenʃən]n. 注意力；关心；立正！（口令）76. attracted吸引77. attraction [ə'trækʃən]n. 吸引，吸引力；引力；吸引人的事物78. audience ['ɔ:diəns]n. 观众；听众；读者；接见79. authoritarianism [ə,θɔ:ri'tɛriənizəm]n. 独裁主义；权力主义80. authority [ɔ:'θɔrəti]n. 权威；权力；当局81. aware [ə'wεə]adj. 意识到的；知道的；有…方面知识的；懂世故的82. away [ə'wei]adv. 离去，离开；在远处83. awfully ['ɔ:fuli]adv. 可怕地；十分；非常；很84. back [bæk]n. 后面；背部；靠背；足球等的后卫；书报等的末尾adj. 后面的；过去的；拖欠的vt. 支持；后退；背书；下赌注adv. 以前；向后地；来回地；上溯vi. 后退；背靠；倒退85. bad [bæd]n. 坏事；坏人adj. 坏的；严重的；劣质的adv. 很，非常；坏地；邪恶地86. badly ['bædli]adv. 非常，很；严重地，厉害地；恶劣地87. bag [[bæɡ]]n. 袋；猎获物；（俚）一瓶啤酒vt. 猎获；把…装入袋中；占据，私吞；使膨大vi. 松垂88. bank [bæŋk]n. 银行；岸；浅滩；储库vt. 将…存入银行；倾斜转弯vi. 堆积；倾斜转弯89. base [beis]n. 基础；底部；垒adj. 卑鄙的；低劣的vt. 以…作基础90. based [beist]v. 立基于，以…为基础（base的过去式和过去分词）adj. 有根基的91. basic ['beisik]n. 基础；要素adj. 基本的；基础的92. basically ['beisikəli]adv. 主要地，基本上93. basics ['beisiks]n. 基础；基本要素（basic的复数）94. battle ['bætl]n. 战役；斗争vt. 与…作战vi. 斗争；作战95. be [强bi:, 弱bi]prep. 在，存在；是96. beam [bi:m]n. 横梁；光线；电波；船宽；[计量] 秤杆vt. 发送；以梁支撑；用…照射；流露vi. 照射；堆满笑容97. beat [bi:t]n. 拍子；敲击；有规律的一连串敲打adj. 筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的vt. 打；打败vi. 打；打败；拍打；有节奏地舒张与收缩98. Because [bi'kɔz]conj. 因为99. become [bi'kʌm]vt. 适合；相称vi. 成为；变得；变成100. becomes101. becoming [bi'kʌmiŋ]n. （变化过程的）形成，发生adj. 合适的，适当的102. been [bi:n]v. 是，有（be的过去分词）103. before [bi'fɔ:]prep. 在…之前，先于conj. 在…以前；在…之前adv. 以前；在前104. begin [bɪˈgɪn]vi. 开始；首先vt. 开始105. Beginnersn. 初学者；生手；首创者（beginner的复数）106. beginning [bi'ɡiniŋ]n. 开始；起点v. 开始；创建（begin的ing形式）107. behave [bi'heiv]vi. 表现；（机器等）运转；举止端正；（事物）起某种作用vt. 使守规矩；使表现得…108. behaves [bi'heiv]vi. 表现；（机器等）运转；举止端正；（事物）起某种作用vt. 使守规矩；使表现得…109. behind [bi'haind]prep. 落后于；支持；晚于n. 屁股adv. 在后地；在原处110. being ['bi:ŋ]n. 存在；生命；本质；品格adj. 存在的；现有的111. believe [bi'li:v]vi. 信任；料想；笃信宗教vt. 相信；认为；信任112. believesv. 认为（believe的三单形式）；相信；信仰113. believing [bi'li:viŋ]v. 相信（believe的ing形式）；认为adj. 有信仰的；信任他人的114. belongsv. 属于（belong的第三人称单数）115. below [bi'ləu]prep. 在…下面adv. 在下面，在较低处；在本页下面116. bend [bend]n. 弯曲vt. 使弯曲；使屈服；使致力；使朝向vi. 弯曲，转弯；屈服；倾向；专心于117. benefit ['benifit]n. 利益，好处；救济金vt. 有益于，对…有益vi. 受益，得益118. benefitsn. 福利，效益（benefit的复数形式）；利益，收益119. bent [bent]n. 爱好，嗜好adj. 弯曲的；决心的120. Besides [bi'saidz]prep. 除…之外adv. 此外；而且121. best [best]n. 最好的人，最好的事物；最佳状态adj. 最好的vt. 打败，胜过adv. 最好地122. better [betə]n. 长辈；较好者；打赌的人（等于bettor）adj. 较好的vt. 改善；胜过adv. 更好的；更多的；较大程度地vi. 变得较好123. Between [bi'twi:n]prep. 在…之间adv. 在中间124. beyond [bi'jɔnd]prep. 超过；越过；那一边；在...较远的一边n. 远处adv. 在远处；在更远处125. big [biɡ]adj. 大的；重要的；量大的adv. 大量地；顺利；夸大地126. bit [bit]n. [计] 比特（二进位制信息单位）；少量；马嚼子；辅币；老一套adj. 很小的；微不足道的v. 咬（bite的过去式和过去分词）vt. 控制adv. 有点儿；相当127. blame ['bleim]n. 责备；责任；过失vt. 责备；归咎于128. blank [blæŋk]n. 空白；空虚；空白表格adj. 空白的；空虚的；单调的vt. 使…无效；使…模糊；封锁vi. 消失；成为空白129. blanksn. 空闲时间；空白页（blank的复数）v. 取消；封锁（blank的第三人称单数）130. blend [blend]n. 混合；掺合物vi. 混合；协调vt. 混合131. block [blɔk]n. 块；街区；大厦；障碍物adj. 成批的，大块的；交通堵塞的vt. 阻止；阻塞；限制132. boastingn. 吹嘘v. 吹嘘，夸耀（boast的ing形式）133. body ['bɔdi]n. 身体；主体；大量；团体；主要部分vt. 赋以形体134. bored [bɔ:d]v. 使厌烦（bore的过去式）；烦扰adj. 无聊的；无趣的；烦人的135. boring ['bɔ:riŋ]n. 钻孔adj. 无聊的；令人厌烦的v. 钻孔；使厌烦；挖空（bore的ing形式）136. Both [bəuθ]conj. 既…且…adj. 两个的；两者的pron. 双方都；两者都adv. 并；又；两者皆137. bought [bɔ:t]v. 买（buy的过去式和过去分词）138. bow [bəu]n. 弓；鞠躬；船首adj. 弯曲的vi. 鞠躬；弯腰vt. 鞠躬；弯腰139. Bowsn. 饰片；弓形物（bow的复数形式）v. 鞠躬（bow的第三人称单数）；把…弯成弓形140. boy [bɔi]n. 男孩；男人141. breeding ['bri:diŋ]n. 繁殖；饲养；教养；再生v. 生产；培育；使…繁殖（breed的ing形式）142. bringing [briŋ]vt. 带来；促使；引起；使某人处于某种情况或境地143. Britain ['britən]n. 英国；不列颠144. broken ['brəukən]v. 折断；打碎；损坏（break的过去分词）adj. 破碎的；坏掉的145. build [bild]n. 构造；体形；体格vi. 建筑；建造vt. 建立；建筑146. building ['bildiŋ]n. 建筑；建筑物v. 建筑；建立；增加（build的ing形式）147. buildingsn. [建] 建筑物（building的复数）148. buildup ['bildʌp]n. 增强；发展；形成；组合；树立名誉149. bunch ['bʌntʃ]n. 群；串；突出物vt. 使成一串；使打褶vi. 隆起；打褶；形成一串150. business ['biznis]n. 商业；[贸易] 生意；[贸易] 交易；事情151. businesses[贸易] 商业[贸易] 生意[贸易] 交易事情（business的名词复数）152. businessmen ['biznismen]n. 生意人153. busy ['bizi]adj. 忙碌的；热闹的；正被占用的vt. 使忙于154. but [强bʌt, 弱bət, bʌt]conj. 但是；而是；然而adv. 仅仅，只prep. 除…以外155. by [bai]prep. 通过；被；依据；经由；在附近；在……之前adv. 通过；经过；附近；白俄罗斯156. Calculationsn. [数] 计算，运算（calculation的复数形式）；计算器157. called [kɔ:ld]v. 打电话（call的过去式）；[通信] 呼叫；访问adj. 被呼叫的158. can [kæn, kən]aux. 能,可以n. 罐头,开罐器v. 开罐159. capable ['keipəbl]adj. 能干的，能胜任的；有才华的160. care [kεə]n. 关怀；照料；谨慎；忧虑vt. 在意；希望或喜欢vi. 照顾；关心；喜爱；顾虑161. careful ['kεəful]adj. 仔细的，小心的162. carefully ['kɛəfəli]adv. 小心地163. caresabbr. 中心咨询服务（central advisory referral service）v. care的变形164. case [keis]n. 情况；实例；箱vt. 包围；把…装于容器中165. cases [keisis]n. 情况（case的复数形式）；[法] 案例；箱v. 把…装于容器中（case的第三人称单数形式）166. casting ['kɑ:stiŋ]n. 铸造；铸件；投掷；角色分配v. 铸造；投掷；投向；选派演员；扔掉（cast的ing形式）167. caught [kɔ:t]v. 捕捉（catch的过去分词）168. cause [kɔ:z]n. 原因；事业；目标vt. 引起；使遭受169. center ['sentə]n. 中心，中央；中锋；中心点adj. 中央的，位在正中的vt. 集中，使聚集在一点；定中心vi. 居中，被置于中心170. centre ['sentə]n. 中心adj. 中央的vt. 集中；将…放在中央vi. 以…为中心171. centuriesn. 诸世纪，世纪（century复数形式）172. certain ['sə:tən]adj. 某一；必然的；确信；无疑的；有把握的pron. 某些；某几个173. ChallChall: 卡希尔Ducati Chall: 杜卡迪摩托世界Chall Acustica: 中由雪儿·亚克斯迪卡174. challenging ['tʃælindʒiŋ]v. 要求；质疑；反对；向…挑战；盘问（challenge的ing形式）adj. 挑战的；引起挑战性兴趣的175. chance [tʃɑ:ns, tʃæns]n. 机会，际遇；运气，侥幸；可能性vt. 偶然发生；冒……的险vi. 碰巧；偶然被发现176. change [tʃeindʒ]n. 变化；找回的零钱vt. 改变；交换vi. 改变；兑换177. changed [tʃeindʒd]v. 改变（change的过去式和过去分词）adj. 改变的；变化的178. changes [tʃendʒs]n. 变化，改变（change的复数）v. 改变；交换（change的第三人称单数形式）179. characteristic [,kærəktə'ristik]n. 特征；特性；特色adj. 典型的；特有的；表示特性的180. characterizedadj. 以…为特点的181. charge [tʃɑ:dʒ]n. 费用；电荷；掌管；控告；命令；负载vt. 使充电；使承担；指责；装载；对…索费；向…冲去vi. 充电；控告；索价；向前冲；记在账上182. charged [tʃɑ:dʒd]adj. 带电的；充满感情的；气氛紧张的vt. 填充183. checksn. 支票；格（check的复数形式）v. 检查；中止（check的单三形式）184. chemistry ['kemistri]n. 化学；化学过程185. cherub ['tʃerəb]n. 小天使；胖娃娃；天真美丽的儿童186. child [tʃaild]n. 儿童，孩子；产物；子孙187. children ['tʃildrən]n. 孩子们（child的复数）188. Chinese [,tʃai'ni:z]n. 中文，汉语；中国人adj. 中国的，中国人的；中国话的189. choice [tʃɔis]n. 选择；选择权；精选品adj. 精选的；仔细推敲的190. choices [[tʃɔisiz]]n. 选择（choice的复数）191. choose [tʃu:z]vt. 选择，决定vi. 选择，挑选192. choresn. 杂务；零工；困难的工作（chore的复数）193. churchesn. 教会，教堂（church复数形式）v. 到教堂接受宗教仪式（church的第三人称单数形式）194. civilization [,sivilai'zeiʃən, -li'z-]n. 文明；文化195. class [klɑ:s, klæs]n. 阶级；班级；种类adj. 极好的vt. 分类；把…分等级196. classroom ['klɑ:srum]n. 教室197. classroomsn. 教室（classroom的复数）198. clear [kliə]n. 清除；空隙adj. 清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的；无罪的vt. 通过；清除；使干净；跳过vi. 放晴；变清澈adv. 清晰地；完全地199. clearly ['kliəli]adv. 清晰地；明显地；无疑地；明净地200. clerk [klɑ:k, klə:k]n. 职员，办事员；店员；书记；记帐员vi. 当销售员，当店员201. cleveradj. 聪明的；机灵的；熟练的[ 比较级cleverer 最高级cleverest ]202. Cloze [kləuz]adj. 完形的；填充测验法的203. coabbr. 一氧化碳（carbon monoxide）；哥伦比亚（colombia）；现付票（cash order）；货源证书（certificate of origin）204. code [kəud]n. 代码，密码；编码；法典vt. 编码；制成法典vi. 指定遗传密码205. cold [kəuld]n. 寒冷；感冒adj. 寒冷的；冷淡的，不热情的；失去知觉的adv. 完全地206. colder [kəudə]adj. 更冷的，越来越冷的（cold的比较级）207. coldest冷的寒冷的冷酷的冷淡的冷静的（cold的最高级）208. collection [kə'lekʃən]n. 采集，聚集；[税收] 征收；收藏品；募捐209. College ['kɔlidʒ]n. 大学；学院；学会210. combinationsn. [数] 组合；制品（combination的复数）；合谱211. combined [kəm'baind]v. 使结合；联合（combine的过去分词）adj. 结合的；[数] 组合的212. come [kʌm]vi. 来；开始；出现；发生；变成；到达vt. 做；假装；将满（…岁）int. 嗨！213. comfort ['kʌmfət]n. 安慰；舒适；安慰者vt. 安慰；使（痛苦等）缓和214. commit [kə'mit]vt. 犯罪，做错事；把...交托给；指派…作战；使…承担义务215. committed [kə'mitid]v. 承诺；委托；干坏事；付诸（commit的过去分词）adj. 坚定的；效忠的；承担义务的216. common ['kɔmən]n. 普通；平民；公有地adj. 共同的；普通的；一般的；通常的217. Companies [kɔmpənis]n. 公司，企业；伙伴（company的复数形式）；公司财产v. 陪伴，伴随（company的三单形式）218. company ['kʌmp(ə)ni]n. 公司；陪伴，同伴；连队vt. 陪伴vi. 交往219. compare [kəm'pεə]n. 比较vi. 比较；相比vt. 比较；对照；比喻为220. compared [kəm'pɛəd]adj. 比较的，对照的（compare的过去式和过去分词）221. complete [kəm'pli:t]adj. 完整的；完全的；彻底的vt. 完成222. completesv. 完成；结束（complete的单三形式）223. compositionn. 作文，作曲，作品；[材] 构成；合成物；成分224. Comprehension [,kɔmpri'henʃən]n. 理解；包含225. computer [kəm'pju:tə]n. 计算机；电脑；电子计算机226. computers [kəm'pju:təz]n. [计] 计算机，[计] 电脑（computer的复数）227. concept ['kɔnsept]n. 观念，概念228. concludedv. 结束；推断；作结论（conclude的过去分词）adj. 推论的229. conclusion [kən'klu:ʒən]n. 结论；结局；推论230. conduct ['kɔndʌkt, kən'dʌkt]n. 进行；行为；实施vi. 导电；带领vt. 管理；引导；表现231. confidential [,kɔnfi'denʃəl]adj. 机密的；表示信任的；获信任的232. confirmed [kən'fə:md]v. 确证；使坚定（confirm的过去分词）；批准adj. 确认的；保兑的；坚定的；惯常的233. consequencesn. 后果，结果；影响（consequence的复数）234. considerately [kən'sidəritli]adv. 体谅地235. constant ['kɔnstənt]n. [数] 常数；恒量adj. 不变的；恒定的；经常的236. consuming [kən'sju:miŋ]v. 消耗（consume的ing形式）adj. 消费的；强烈的237. contestsn. 竞赛，竞赛活动（contest的复数形式）vt. 辩论，争辩（contest的三单形式）238. continue [kən'tinju:]vt. 继续说…；使…继续；使…延长vi. 继续，延续；仍旧，连续239. contrary ['kɔntrəri]n. 相反；反面adj. 相反的；对立的adv. 相反地240. controlled [kən'trəuld]v. 控制；约束（control的过去式）；指挥adj. 受控制的；受约束的；克制的241. conversation [,kɔnvə'seiʃən]n. 交谈；会话；社交242. conversationsn. 会话（conversation的复数）243. cooperation [kəu,ɔpə'reiʃən]n. 合作，协作；[劳经] 协力244. copy ['kɔpi]n. 副本；一册；摹仿vt. 复制；复印；抄袭vi. 复制；复印；抄袭245. cornersn. 角落；窘境（corner的复数形式）v. 使…陷入绝境；垄断（corner的第三人称单数形式）246. correctly [kə'rektli]adv. 正确地；得体地247. corresponding [,kɔ:ri'spɔndiŋ]adj. 相当的，相应的；一致的；通信的v. 类似（correspond的ing形式）；相配248. could [强kud, 弱kəd]aux. 能够v. 能（can的过去式）249. couldncouldn: 不能|不|不到Couldn Poems: 题诗Still Couldn: 还无法250. counting ['kauntiŋ]n. [数] 计算，计数251. country ['kʌntri]n. 国家；故乡；乡村adj. 乡村的；国家的252. coursen. 科目；课程；过程；进程；道路；路线，航向；一道菜vt. 追赶；跑过vi. 指引航线；快跑253. Coursesn. 课程；路线（course的复数）254. court [kɔ:t]n. 法院；球场；朝廷；奉承vt. 招致（失败、危险等）；向…献殷勤；设法获得vi. 求爱255. cover ['kʌvə]n. 封面，封皮；盖子；掩蔽物vt. 包括；采访，报导；涉及vi. 覆盖；代替256. credit ['kredit]n. 信用，信誉；[金融] 贷款；学分；信任；声望vt. 相信，信任；把…归给，归功于；赞颂257. crime [kraim]n. 罪行，犯罪；罪恶；犯罪活动vt. 控告……违反纪律258. crimesn. 犯罪（crime的复数形式）259. criminal ['kriminəl]n. 罪犯adj. 刑事的；犯罪的；罪恶的260. criminalsn. 罪犯（criminal的复数形式）261. date [deit]n. 日期；约会；年代；枣椰子vt. 确定…年代；和…约会vi. 过时；注明日期；始于（某一历史时期）262. day [dei]n. 一天；时期；白昼adj. 日间的；逐日的adv. 每天；经常在白天地263. debate [di'beit]n. 辩论；辩论会vt. 辩论，争论，讨论vi. 辩论，争论，讨论264. debt [det]n. 债务；借款；罪过265. debtsn. 负债类，债务（debt的复数形式）266. decide [di'said]vi. 决定，下决心vt. 决定；解决；判决267. decided [di'saidid]n. 决定（decide的过去式）adj. 明确的；显然的；坚决的，果断的268. deciding [di'saidiŋ]v. 决定（decide的现在分词）adj. 决定性的；无疑的269. decision [di'siʒən]n. 决定，决心；决议270. decoding [,di:'kəudiŋ]n. [通信] 解码；[计][通信] 译码v. 破译；译解（decode的ing形式）271. degree [di'ɡri:]n. 程度，等级；度；学位；阶层272. delicate ['delikət]adj. 微妙的；精美的，雅致的；柔和的；易碎的；纤弱的；清淡可口的273. demanding [di'mɑ:ndiŋ]v. 要求；查问（demand的ing形式）adj. 苛求的；要求高的；吃力的274. demandsn. [经] 需求（demand的复数）v. [经] 需求（demand的第三人称单数形式）275. democracy [di'mɔkrəsi]n. 民主，民主主义；民主政治276. denied [di'naiəd]v. 拒绝；拒签（deny的过去式）277. deny [di'nai]vi. 否认；拒绝vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求278. departs [di'pɑ:t]vi. 离开；出发，起程；违反；去世adj. 逝世的279. Design [di'zain]n. 设计；图案vt. 设计；计划；构思vi. 设计280. designed [di'zaind]v. 设计；计划（design的过去分词）adj. 有计划的，原意的；故意的281. designs设计282. destination [,desti'neiʃən]n. 目的地，终点283. detect [di'tekt]vt. 察觉；发现；探测284. detectedv. 发现（detect的过去分词）；检测到；侦测到adj. 检测到的285. devalue [,di:'vælju:]vt. 使贬值；降低…的价值vi. 贬值286. develop [di'veləp]vi. 发育；生长；进化；显露vt. 开发；进步；使成长；使显影287. developed [di'veləpid]adj. 发达的（国家或地区）；成熟的288. development [di'veləpmənt]n. 发展；开发；发育；住宅小区（专指由同一开发商开发的）；[摄] 显影289. developmentallyadv.发育地290. devicesn. [机][计] 设备；[机] 装置；[电子] 器件（device的复数）291. devote [di'vəut]vt. 致力于；奉献292. did [did]v. 做（do的过去式）293. didndidn: 不想|不|没有本人I Didn: 我不必|我没有|如果我没有Half Didn: 另一半则没有294. difference ['difərəns]n. 差异；不同；争执295. different ['difərənt]adj. 不同的；个别的，与众不同的296. difficult ['difikəlt]adj. 困难的；不随和的；执拗的297. difficulty ['difikəlti]n. 困难，困境298. dilemma [di'lemə, ,dai-]n. 困境；进退两难；两刀论法299. directed [di'rektid, dai-]v. 指导；管理（direct的过去式和过去分词）adj. 定向的；经指导的；被控制的300. Directionsn. 方向；指示；用法说明书（direction的复数形式）301. disablingv. 使不能；使失去能力；致残疾（disable的ing形式）302. discoveredv. 发现，找到（discover的过去形式）303. discovery [dis'kʌvəri]n. 发现，发觉；被发现的事物304. disease [di'zi:z]n. 病，[医] 疾病；弊病vt. 传染；使…有病305. disturbing [di'stə:biŋ]v. 干扰；打断（disturb的ing形式）adj. 令人不安的；烦扰的306. Division [di'viʒən]n. [数] 除法；部门；分割；师（军队）；赛区307. do [强du:, 弱du, də, d, du:]aux. 助动词（无词义）n. 要求；规定；c大调音阶中的第一音vt. 做；进行；完成；解答vi. 做；进行；完成308. doctorsn. [医] 医生（doctor的复数）v. 为…诊治（doctor的单数第三人称）309. does [dʌz]v. 做；工作；有用（do的第三人称单数形式）310. doesnDoesn: 从不放弃对你的信心|地那人不Doesn': 从不放弃对你的信心it doesn: 你去早去晚都没事311. doing ['du:iŋ]n. 活动；所作所为v. 做；干（do的ing形式）312. don [dɔn]n. 先生，阁下；指导教师，大学教师vt. 穿上313. done [dʌn]v. 做（do 的过去分词）adj. 完成了；做好了的；煮熟的；合乎礼仪的314. down [daun]prep. 沿着，往下n. 软毛，绒毛；[地质] 开阔的高地adj. 向下的vt. 打倒，击败adv. 向下，下去；在下面vi. 下降；下去315. Drabbr. 速度三角形定位法（dead reckoning）；数据记录器（data recorder）316. drama ['drɑ:mə, dræmə]n. 戏剧，戏剧艺术；剧本；戏剧性事件317. draw [drɔ:]n. 平局；抽签vi. 拉；拖vt. 画；拉；吸引318. drug [drʌɡ]n. 药；毒品；麻醉药；滞销货vt. 使服麻醉药；使服毒品；掺麻醉药于vi. 吸毒319. drugs [drʌgz]n. 毒品，[药] 药物320. dull [dʌl]adj. 钝的；迟钝的；无趣的；呆滞的；阴暗的vt. 使迟钝；使阴暗；缓和vi. 减少；变迟钝321. During ['djuəriŋ]prep. 在…的时候，在…的期间322. duties [dj:tis]n. [税收] 关税（duty的复数）323. DykstraDykstra: 名字John Dykstra: 约翰·戴克斯特拉|戴克斯特拉|戴克史托Art Dykstra: 尔特·戴克斯彻324. each [i:tʃ]adj. 每；各自的pron. 每个；各自adv. 每个；各自325. early ['ə:li]adj. 早期的；早熟的adv. 提早；在初期326. earners ['ə:nə]n. 赚钱的人327. easier [英['i:zɪə] 美['i:zɪr]]adj. 更简单；容易些（easy的比较级形式）；较早的328. easiest ['i:ziist]adj. 容易的；轻松的329. easily ['i:zili]adv. 容易地；无疑地330. easy ['i:zi]adj. 容易的；舒适的vt. 发出停划命令adv. 不费力地，从容地vi. 停止划桨331. education [,edju:'keiʃən]n. 教育；培养；教育学332. educators教育工作者教育家（educator的复数）333. effective [i'fektiv]adj. 有效的，起作用的；实际的，实在的；给人深刻印象334. effectively [i'fektivli]adv. 有效地，生效地；有力地；实际上335. effects [i'fekts]n. 效果（effect的复数形式）；财物336. efficiency [i'fiʃənsi]n. 效率；效能；功效337. either ['aiðə, 'i:-]conj. 或者prep. 任何一个adj. 两者之中任一的；两者之中每一的adv. 也（用于否定句或否定词组后）；根本338. electric [i'lektrik]n. 电；电气车辆；带电体adj. 电的；电动的；发电的；导电的；令人震惊的339. electrical [i'lektrikəl]adj. 有关电的；电气科学的340. electricity [,ilek'trisəti]n. 电力；电流；强烈的紧张情绪341. electronic [,ilek'trɔnik]adj. 电子的342. elementary [,eli'mentəri]adj. 基本的；初级的；[化学] 元素的343. elements ['elimənts]n. 基础；原理344. eliminatedv. 被淘汰；消除；排除（eliminate的过去分词）345. else [els]adj. 别的；其他的adv. 其他；否则；另外346. elsewhere [,els'hwεə]adv. 在别处；到别处347. embarrassed [im'bærəst]v. 使...困窘；使...局促不安（embarrass的过去分词形式）adj. 尴尬的；窘迫的348. emphasizes ['emfəsaiz]vt. 强调，着重349. employ [im'plɔi]n. 使用；雇用vt. 使用，采用；雇用；使忙于，使从事于350. employersn. [劳经] 雇主（employer的复数）351. enable [i'neibl]vt. 使能够，使成为可能；授予权利或方法352. enclose [in'kləuz]vt. 围绕；装入；放入封套353. enclosed [in'kləuzd]v. 附上（enclose的过去式和过去分词）adj. 被附上的；与世隔绝的354. encourage [in'kʌridʒ]vt. 鼓励，怂恿；激励；支持355. end [end]n. 结束；目标；尽头；末端；死亡vt. 结束，终止；终结vi. 结束，终止；终结356. enemies [英[ˈenimiz] 美[ˈenimiz]]n. 敌人；对某种主张、事业等怀有敌意的人（enemy的复数形式）357. energy ['enədʒi]n. [物] 能量；精力；活力；精神358. enforced [in'fɔ:st]v. 执行（enforce的过去分词）adj. 实施的；强制执行的359. engineer [,endʒi'niə]n. 工程师；工兵；火车司机vt. 设计；策划；精明地处理vi. 设计；建造360. English ['iŋɡliʃ]n. 英语；英国人；英文；英格兰人adj. 英国人的；英国的；英文的vt. 把…译成英语361. enjoy [in'dʒɔi]vt. 欣赏，享受；喜爱；使过得快活362. enormous [i'nɔ:məs]adj. 庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的363. enterprise ['entəpraiz]n. 企业；事业；进取心；事业心364. environmentsn. [环境] 环境；（计算机系统运行的）[环境] 环境（environment的复数）；生态环境365. equal ['i:kwəl]n. 对手；匹敌；同辈；相等的事物adj. 平等的；相等的；胜任的vt. 等于；比得上366. equality [i:'kwɔləti]n. 平等；相等；[数] 等式367. equalsn. 对手；（地位、实力等）相同或相等的人；相等物（equal的复数形式）v. 平等（equal的第三人称单数形式）；与…相同368. escape [i'skeip]n. 逃跑；逃亡vi. 逃脱；避开；溜走vt. 逃避，避免；被忘掉369. ESP [,i: es 'pi:; ,i:es'pi:]abbr. 电子稳定程序（electronic stability program）；超感觉力（extrasensory perception）370. essay ['esei, e'sei]n. 散文；试图；随笔vt. 尝试；对…做试验371. ethics ['eθiks]n. 伦理学；伦理观；道德标准372. even ['i:vən]adj. [数] 偶数的；平坦的；相等的adv. 甚至；即使；还；实际上vt. 使平坦；使相等vi. 变平；变得可比较；成为相等373. evening ['i:vniŋ]n. 晚上；傍晚；（联欢性的）晚会；后期adj. 在晚上的；为晚上的；晚上用的int. 晚上好（等于good evening）374. ever ['evə]adv. 永远；曾经；究竟375. every ['evri]adj. 每一的，每个的；每隔…的376. everybody ['evri,bədi]pron. 每个人；人人377. everyone ['evriwʌn]n. 每个人pron. 每个人；人人378. exact [iɡ'zækt]adj. 准确的，精密的；精确的vt. 要求；强求；急需vi. 勒索钱财379. Example [iɡ'zɑ:mpl]n. 例子；榜样vt. 作为…的例子；为…做出榜样vi. 举例380. Excessive [ik'sesiv]adj. 过多的，极度的；过分的381. exchange [iks'tʃeindʒ]n. 交换；交流；交易所；兑换vt. 交换；交易；兑换vi. 交换；交易；兑换382. exchangedv. 交换（exchange的过去式）adj. 交换的383. exciting [ik'saitiŋ]adj. 令人兴奋的；使人激动的v. 激动；刺激（excite的ing形式）；唤起384. excuse [ik'skju:z, ik'skju:s]n. 借口；理由vt. 原谅；为…申辩；给…免去vi. 作为借口；请求宽恕；表示宽恕385. executivesn. 高管们；主管们；执行管理者，执行主管（executive的复数）386. exhausting [iɡ'zɔ:stiŋ]v. 耗尽；使…精疲力竭；排出（exhaust的ing形式）adj. 使筋疲力尽的；使耗尽的387. existsn. 存在量词（exist的复数）v. 存在；出现；活着（exist的三单形式）388. expected [iks'pektid]v. 预期；盼望（expect的过去分词）adj. 预期的；预料的389. expense [ik'spens]n. 损失，代价；消费；开支vt. 向…收取费用vi. 被花掉390. experiment [ik'speriment, ek's-]n. 实验，试验；尝试vi. 尝试；进行实验391. experimentsn. [试验] 实验（experiment的复数）392. expertsn. 专家；人才（expert的复数形式）393. exposed [ik'spəuzd]v. 暴露，揭露（expose的过去分词）adj. 暴露的，无掩蔽的394. extent [ik'stent]n. 程度；范围；长度395. face [feis]n. 脸；表面；面子；面容；外观；威信vi. 向；朝vt. 面对；面向；承认；抹盖396. fact [fækt]n. 事实；实际；真相397. failure ['feiljə]n. 失败；故障；失败者；破产398. fall [fɔ:l]n. 下降；秋天；瀑布adj. 秋天的vi. 落下；变成；来临；减弱vt. 砍倒；击倒399. familiar [fə'miljə]n. 常客；密友adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的400. familiesn. 家庭（family的复数）；家族401. family ['fæmili]n. 家庭；家族；家属；子女；亲属；僚属adj. 家庭的，家族的402. far [fɑ:]n. 远方adj. 远的；久远的adv. 很；遥远地；久远地；到很远的距离；到很深的程度403. farmer ['fɑ:mə]n. 农夫，农民404. farther ['fɑ:ðə]adj. 进一步的；更远的（far的比较级）adv. 更远地；此外；更进一步地405. fastestadj. 最快速的（far 的最高级）406. father ['fɑ:ðə]n. 父亲，爸爸；神父；祖先；前辈vt. 发明，创立；当…的父亲407. fatigue [fə'ti:ɡ]n. 疲劳，疲乏；杂役adj. 疲劳的vt. 使疲劳；使心智衰弱vi. 疲劳408. faultsn. 故障（fault的复数）；[地质] 断层；错误v. 出差错；犯错误（fault的第三人称单数）409. Featuresn. 产品特点，特征；容貌；嘴脸（feature的复数）v. 是…的特色，使突出（feature的第三人称单数）410. feel ['fi:l]n. 感觉；触摸vi. 觉得；摸索vt. 感觉；认为；触摸；试探411. feeling ['fi:liŋ]n. 感觉，触觉；感情，情绪；同情v. 感觉；认为（feel的现在分词）；触摸adj. 有感觉的；有同情心的；富于感情的412. feelsn. 感觉；天性；鉴别力（feel的复数）v. 觉得；体会；触摸（feel的第三人称单数）413. fell [fel]n. [林] 一季所伐的木材；折缝；兽皮v. 掉下；摔倒；下垂；变坏（fall的过去式）adj. 凶猛的；毁灭性的vt. 砍伐；打倒；击倒414. felt [felt]n. 毡；毡制品v. 感觉（feel的过去式）vi. 粘结vt. 使粘结；把…制成毡415. few [fju:]n. 很少数adj. 很少的；几乎没有的pron. 很少416. field ['fi:ld]n. 领域；牧场；旷野；战场；运动场adj. 扫描场；田赛的；野生的vt. 把暴晒于场上；使上场vi. 担任场外队员417. fifty ['fifti]n. 五十；五十个；编号为50的东西adj. 五十的；五十个的；众多的418. finally ['fainəli]adv. 最后；终于；决定性地419. finance [fai'næns]n. 财政，财政学；金融vt. 负担经费，供给…经费vi. 筹措资金420. financial [fai'nænʃəl]adj. 金融的；财政的，财务的421. find [faind]n. 发现vi. 裁决vt. 发现；认为；感到；获得422. findingsn. 发现，调查结果；检验发现的情况（finding复数）423. fine [fain]n. 罚款adj. 好的；优良的；细小的，精美的；健康的；晴朗的vt. 罚款；澄清adv. 很好地；精巧地424. finish ['finiʃ]n. 结束；完美；回味（葡萄酒）vt. 完成；结束；用完vi. 结束，终止；终结425. finished ['finiʃt]v. 完成；结束；毁掉（finish的过去分词形式）adj. 完结的，完成的；精巧的426. fire ['faiə]n. 火；火灾；炮火；炉火；热情；激情；磨难vt. 点燃；解雇；开除；使发光；烧制；激动；放枪vi. 着火；射击；开枪；激动；烧火427. First [fə:st]n. 第一；开始；冠军num. 第一adj. 第一的；基本的；最早的adv. 第一；首先；优先；宁愿428. fit ['fit]n. 合身；发作；痉挛adj. 健康的；合适的；恰当的；准备好的vt. 安装；使……适应；使……合身；与……相符vi. 符合，配合；适合；合身429. fitsn. 一阵（fit的复数）；阵发；合身的衣服v. 适合；安装（fit的三单形式）430. five [faiv]num. 五，五个n. 五，五个；五美元钞票adj. 五的；五个的431. flagrant ['fleiɡrənt]adj. 公然的；不能容忍的；非常的；恶名昭著的（名词flagrancy，副词flagrantly）432. FleschFlesch: 弗莱什Flesch Balint: 匈牙利文翻译Rudolf Flesch: 弗雷奇|根据弗雷奇|依据弗雷偶433. floor [flɔ:]n. 地板，地面；楼层；基底；议员席vt. 铺地板；打倒，击倒；（被困难）难倒434. follow ['fɔləu]n. 跟随；追随vi. 跟随；接着vt. 跟随；遵循；追求；密切注意，注视；注意；倾听435. followedv. 跟着；听从（follow的过去分词）；继承adj. 跟随的；服从的436. following ['fɔləuiŋ]n. 下列事物；一批追随者v. 跟随；沿行（follow的ing形式）adj. 下面的；其次的，接着的437. followsn. 跟随；遵照（follow的复数）v. 跟随；追逐；领会（follow的第三人称单数）438. fond [fɔnd]。
2013年6月四级考试真题(第1套)
2013年6月四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on theimportance of reading literature. You should write at least 120words but no morethan 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8–10, complete the sentenceswith the information given in the passage.Surviving the RecessionAmerica’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then it has evolved into a globalcrisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame. Financiers who were not as cleveras they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All areguilty; and what a mess they have created.Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underemployed —roughly 25 million workers. The only industries swelling their payrolls arehealth care, utilities and the federal government. The value of listed shares in American firmscollapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has sincebounced back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slidesince the Second World War. Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody’s , predicts thatthe re cession will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. For most executives, this is theworst business environment they’ve ever seen.Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median (中位数的) pay for chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008. The overthrown giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero. But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriott hotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the board”, says Mr Sorenson.The hotel bust (不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaking boom. Although many other big firms resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers borrowed heavily and built bigger and fancier hotels as if the whole world were planning a holiday in Las Vegas. When the bubble burst, demand collapsed. Hotel owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lot of unnecessary new hotels were ready to open.Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders, property firms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles. Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its current form.Hard times breed hard feelings. Few Americans understand what caused the recession. Some are seeking scapegoats(替罪羊). Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed. Extravagance (奢侈) is outBusinessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant. Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regain its shine. Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before. The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay its hand.The crisis will prove hugely disruptive(破坏性的), however. Bad management techniques will be exposed. Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient ones. At the same time, technological innovation (创新) will barely pause for breath, and two big political changes seem likely.Mr Obama’s p lan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for America. Some businesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their employers.In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of.Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of scarcity” had been broken and America was rolling “to an all-time high of prosperity”. Soon, Americans would need to spend “comparatively little time earning a living”.Half a century later GM is a typical example of poor management. In March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, thiswill be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the economy. And clever as Mr Obama’s advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at this.1. From the first paragraph, we learn that America’s recession is the result of ______.A) a messy real estate market C) unregulated competitionB) a combination of causes D) financiers’ mismanagement2. At the worst time, the total value of listed shares in American firms shrank by ______.A) 57% C) 12.8%B) 15% D) 3.5%3. According to Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriott hotels, the current recession ______.A) was the worst he had ever seen since World War IIB) reduced his revenues to a quarter of normal yearsC) hit his business as hard as the 9/11 terrorist attackD) spoiled his plans to build more hotels in Las Vegas4. The Big Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive because ______.A) their production capacity has shrunk to less than half of the previous yearB) their technology has fallen behind their competitors’ elsewhere in the worldC) they have borrowed too heavily and accumulated too large amounts of debtD) they cannot cope with the ruinous costs accumulated over the post-war years5. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas in order to ______.A) raise its efficiency C) avoid seeming wastefulB) cut unnecessary costs D) have fun in San Francisco6. The author of this report seems to be ______.A) against too much government interference in the economyB) optimistic about Obama’s effort to reduce CO2 emissionsC) interested in political and economic reformsD) concerned about the interests of the workforce7. According to the author, Obama’s plan to limit carbon dioxide emissions will ______.A) not benefit America’s industry C) do good to the environmentB) benefit the whole nation D) by no means be inexpensive8. Because Harlow Curtice’s firm was leading America in creating “a new economic order”, he was named by Time magazine as ______________________________ in 1955.9. In March, General Motors’chief executive was fired by Mr Obama for ______________________________.10. The author is afraid that the Obama administration will end up______________________________ America’s economy.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) The woman is the manager’s secretary.B) The man found himself in a wrong place.C) The man is the manager’s business associate.D) The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.12. A) He needs more time for the report.B) He needs help to interpret the data.C) He is sorry not to have helped the woman.D) He does not have sufficient data to go on.13. A) A friend form New York. C) A postal delivery.B) A message from Tony. D) A change in the weather.14. A) She is not available until the end of next week.B) She is not a reliable source of information.C) She does not like taking exams.D) She does not like psychology.15. A) He will help the woman carry the suitcase.B) The woman’s watch is twenty minutes fast.C) The woman shouldn’t make such a big fuss.D) There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.16. A) Mary is not so easygoing as her.B) Mary and she have a lot in common.C) She finds it hard to get along with Mary.D) She does not believe what her neighbors said.17. A) At an information service. C) At a repair shop.B) At a car wash point. D) At a dry cleaner’s.18. A) The woman came to the concert at the man’s request.B) The man is already fed up with playing the piano.C) The piece of music the man played is very popular.D) The man’s unique talents are the envy of many people.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.B) He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.C) He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.D) He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.20. A) He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.B) He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.C) He likes to work in a company close to home.D) He would rather get a less demanding job.21. A) Sports. C) Foreign languages.B) Travel. D) Computer games.22. A) When he is supposed to start work.B) What responsibilities he would have.C) When he will be informed about his application.D) What career opportunities her company can offer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) She is pregnant. C) She has just finished her project.B) She is over 50. D) She is a good saleswoman.24. A) He takes good care of Lisa. C) He is good at business management.B) He is the CEO of a giant company. D) He works as a sales manager.25. A) It is in urgent need of further development.B) It produces goods popular among local people.C) It has been losing market share in recent years.D) It is well positioned to compete with the giants.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) It is lined with tall tress. C) It has high buildings on both sides.B) It was widened recently. D) It used to be dirty and disorderly.27. A) They repaved it with rocks. C) They beautified it with plants.B) They built public restrooms on it. D) They set up cooking facilities near it.28. A) What makes life enjoyable. C) What a community means.B) How to work with tools. D) How to improve health.29. A) They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.B) They were encouraged by the city officials’ praise.C) They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.D) The derived happiness from the constructive work.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) The majority of them think it less important than computers.B) Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.C) The majority of them find it interesting.D) Few of them read more than ten books a year.31. A) Novels and stories. C) History and science books.B) Mysteries and detective stories. D) Books on culture and tradition.32. A) Watching TV. C) Reading magazines.B) Listening to music. D) Playing computer games.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Advice on the purchase of cars.B) Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.C) Trends for the development of the motor car.D) Solutions to global fuel shortage.34. A) Limited driving range. C) The short life of batteries.B) Huge recharging expenses. D) The unaffordable high price.35. A) They need to be further improved.B) They can easily switch to natural gas.C) They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.D) They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage isread for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you caneither use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points inyour own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you shouldcheck what you have written.My favorite T.V. show? “The Twilight Zone.” I (36) ________ like the episode called “The Printer’s Devil.” It’s about a newspaper editor who’s being (37) ________out of business by a big newspaper syndicate—you know, a group of papers (38) ________by the same people.He’s about to (39) ________ suicide when he’s interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered $5,000 to pay off his newspaper’s (40) ________, but this Smith character also offers his (41) ________for free. It turns out that the guy (42) ________ the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he’s turning out newspapers with (43) ________ headlines. The small paper is successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories—only minutes after they happen—but soon he’s presented with a contract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! (44) _______________________________________________________________________________ _____, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens—and it’s all terrible—one disaster after another.(45) _______________________________________________________________________________ ____. I really like these old episodes of “The Twilight Zone” because the stories are fascinating.(46)____________________________________________________________________________________Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following thepassage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall (陷阱) —salt.A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Stanford University and Columbia University shows that even a 47 decrease in daily salt intake (摄入) can lead to dramatic health benefits. The authors 48 an annual drop of as many as 120,000 cases of heart disease, 66,000 49 of stroke and 99,000 heart attacks 50 by high blood pressure after a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt.The advantages, not surprisingly, were greater for African Americans, who are more likely to 51 high blood pressure than other ethnic groups, and for the elderly, since blood vessels stiffen with age, which can lead to higher blood pressure.“Everyone in the U.S. is consuming salt far in52 of what is good for them,” says lead author Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of UCSF. “What we are suggesting is that a population-wide effort to reduce salt intake, even 53 , will have health benefits.”The team conducted a computer-based analysis to determine the 54 of a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt intake on rates of heart disease and death. They also calculated the cost savingsemerging from the amount of disease that would be 55 because of lower blood pressure. The conclusion: by cutting salt intake nationwide, the U.S. could save $10 billion to $24 billion 56 in health care costs.A) accidents I) excessB) annually J) impactC) avoided K) instancesD) caused L) modestE) considerable M) revisedF) develop N) slightlyG) documented O) undertakeH) dramaticallySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1,500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, a subdivision of 95 “zero-energy homes”(ZEH) just outside town. Now they’re actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they’ve lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months they haven’t paid a cent.ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions inCalifornia where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low-power appliances and solar panels.Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of conventional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and retaining indoor warmth in winter.The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don’t just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility’s power grid (电网). The residents are billed by “net metering”: they pay for the a mount of power they tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero.That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it’s not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. “It helps us lower usage at peak power times,” says solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time.”What’s n ot to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25,000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer, it’s a matter o f paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities.57. Why are the Gatais eager to see their electricity bills now?A) They want to see how much they have saved.B) They want to cut down their utility expenses.C) They want to know if they are able to pay.D) They want to avoid being overcharged.58. What is special about the ZEH communities?A) They have created cutting-edge technologies.B) They aim to be self-sufficient in power supply.C) They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.D) They are built in harmony with the environment.59. How are the residents in the ZEH communities billed for electricity use?A) They are only charged for the amount of power they consume on rainy days.B) They needn’t pay a single cen t for their power consumption on sunny days.C) They only pay for the excess power that fl ows into the utility’s power grid.D) They pay for the electricity from the grid less their home-generated power.60. What does the “net metering” practice mean to the power company?A) More pressure at peak time. C) Increased electricity output.B) Less profits in the short term. D) Reduced operational costs.61. The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community ______.A) is but a dream for average consumersB) gives the owner substantial tax benefitsC) is a worthy investment in the long runD) contributes to environmental protectionPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots but our views about what makes an ideal romantic relationship can be swayed by the society we live in. So says psychologist Maureen O’Sullivan from the University of San Francisco. She suggests that humans have always tried to strengthen the pair-bond to maximise (使最大化) reproductive success.Many societies throughout history and around the world today have cultivated strong pressures to stay married. In those where ties to family and community are strong, lifelong marriages can be promoted by practices such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and arranged marriages that are seen as a contract between two families, not just two individuals. In modern western societies, however, the focus on individuality and independence means that people areless concerned about conforming to (遵守) the dictates of family and culture. In the absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds, O’Sullivan suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the factor that should determine who we stay with and for how long. “That’s why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis for forming long-term relationships,” she says.According to O’Sullivan culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to have, and actually do experience, when in love. Although the negative emotions associated with romantic love —fear of loss, disappointment and jealousy —are fairly consistent across cultures, the positive feelings can vary. “If you ask Japanese students to list the positive attributes they expect in a romantic partner, th ey rate highly things like loyalty, commitment and devotion,”says O’Sullivan.“If you ask American college women, they expect everything under the sun: in addition to being committed, partners have to be amusing, funny and a friend.”We judge a potential partner according to our specific cultural expectations about what romantic love should feel like. If you believe that you have found true romance, and your culture tells you that this is what a long-term relationship should be based on, there is less need to rely on social or family pressures to keep couples together, O’Sullivan argues.62. What does the author say about people’s views of an ideal romantic relationship?A) They vary from culture to culture.B) They ensure the reproductive success.C) They reflect the evolutionary process.D) They are influenced by psychologists.63. We can infer from the passage that strong family and community ties ______.A) largely rely on marriage contractsB) can contribute to stable marriagesC) often run counter to romantic loveD) make divorces virtually unacceptable64. Without social pressures to keep pair-bonds, romantic love ______.A) will be a substitute for marriage in human relationshipsB) plays a key role in maintaining long-term relationshipsC) is likely to replace the dictates of family and societyD) is a way to develop individuality and independence65. O’Sullivan believes that when people from different cultures fall in love, ______.A) they expect different things from their partnerB) they tend to exaggerate each other’s positive qualitiesC) they often fail to see each other’s negative qualitiesD) they lay more emphasis on commitment and devotion66. We can conclude from the passage that______.A) cultural differences often tear apart a family built on romantic loveB) marriages are hard to sustain without social or family pressuresC) romantic love is becoming increasingly important in family relationshipsD) romantic love tends to yield where family or social pressures are strongPart V Cloze(15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choosethe ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 67. A) enforce C) operateB) promote D) support68. A) feeling C) senserelaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’t 74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits, 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze(小睡) can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, should n’t 81 being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, nice place that’s not too warm orB) frame D) mind69. A) with C) aboutB) aside D) upon70. A) remark C) rememberB) consider D) concern71. A) reportedly C) constantlyB) incredibly D) frankly72. A) regularly C) heavilyB) enormously D) strongly73. A) off C) againstB) under D) from74. A) exact C) rightB) correct D) precise75. A) influence C) competeB) eliminate D) interfere76. A) focusing C) relyingB) depending D) basing77. A) enlarge C) enhanceB) engage D) enlighten78. A) explore C) exerciseB) experience D) execute79. A) between C) amongB) amidst D) besides80. A) of C) duringB) beyond D) for81. A) produce C) affectB) dispose D) hasten82. A) illustrates C) predictsB) decides D) recommends。
2013年06月cet4真题及答案
Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer,Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
11.A) The man hates to lend his tools to other people.B) The man hasn't finished working on the bookshelf.C) The tools have already been returned to the woman.D) The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.12.A) Save time by using a computer.B) Buy her own computer.C) Borrow Martha's computer.D) Stay home and complete her paper.13.A) The man doesn't have money for his daughter's graduate studies.B) The man doesn't think his daughter will get a business degree.C) The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D) The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.14.A) The cinema is some distance away from where they are.B) He would like to read the film review in the newspaper.C) They should wait to see the movie at a later time.D) He'll find his way to the cinema.15.A) He's been to Seattle many times.B) He has chaired a lot of conferences.C) He has a high position in his company.D) He lived in Seattle for many years.16.A) Teacher and student.B) Doctora nd patient.C) Manager and office worker.D) Travel agent and customer.17.A) She knows the guy who will give the lecture.B) She thinks the lecture might be informative.C) She wants to add something to her lecture.D) She'llfinish her report this weekend.18.A) The houses for sale are of poor quality.B) The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.C) The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers.D) The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses forsale. Questions19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) How to study English well.B) Whichc ourses to choose.C) How to write computer games.D) Which books to read.20.A)Physical sciences.B) Mathsand physics.C) Art anddesign.D)Electronics and computer-programming.21.A) Her English is very good.B) She isinterested in English.C) Her English writing is poor.D) Her oralEnglish is bad.Questions22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A)Applying for a work experience.B)Applying for a part-time job.C) Takingan exam.D)Visiting an old friend.23.A)Students in the first half of their courses.B)Students who will graduate soon.C)Students in the second half of their courses.D)Students who have just graduated from universities.24.A) Explain the procedures to the students.B) Work regular hours.C) Write acomprehensive report.D) Send areport about the woman's work.25.A) In twoweeks.B) In three weeks.C) In the second half of her course.D) Not decided yet.参考答案11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. A16. C 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. D21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2013.6英语4级真题
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay onAnswer Sheet 1.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 longconversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions willbe asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) andD), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第2套）
2013年6月英语四级考试真题试卷（2）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.School LunchRyan moved silently through the lunch line. The cook put a cheeseburger (奶酪汉堡) and an applesauce cup on his tray. He grabbed a bottle of milk from the cooler at the end of the line and found a seat in the cafeteria (食堂). Ryan saw that his friend Tyler had brought lunch from home. "What did you bring today, Tyler?" he asked.Tyler pulled his meal out of its brown paper sack. "I've got a ham sandwich, chips, two cupcakes, and a can of soda."Ryan's mouth started to water. "Uh, Tyler," he said. "If you don't want one of those cupcakes, I'll take it. They sure look good. "Tyler handed Ryan his cupcake. "Sure," he said. "I won't eat all this."Lunch RequirementsIs Ryan eating a healthy meal if he eats the school lunch? School lunch supporters say "Yes." Recent studies show that a government-approved school lunch has more variety and is more nutritious (有营养的) than most lunches brought from home. It's also lower in fat.The National School Lunch Act requires that school lunches go along with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans developed by the government. Meals must contain a variety of foods with plenty of grains and at least one fruit or vegetable each day. Foods must not contain too much sugar or salt.A hot lunch can contain up to 30% fat, but not more than 10% of its calories (卡路里) should come from saturated (饱和的) fat. In an average week, you should get one-third of the daily Recommended Dietary Allowances for protein, iron, calcium (钙), and vitamins A and C from your school lunch.Dare to CompareLet's compare Ryan's and Tyler's meals to sec which is healthier. Ryan's hot lunch (without the cupcake from his friend) has 577 calories, 25 grams of total fat. and 12 grams of saturated fat. He had one serving of fruit, 26 grams of protein, and 483 milligrams of calcium. Ryan ate more total fat (39%) and saturated fat (19%) than the dietary guidelines recommend. However, schools can still meet the guidelines by having the numbers average out over a week of lunches.Tyler's lunch from home (this includes both cupcakes) had 1 014 calories. 45 grams (40%) of total fat, and 10 grams (9%) of saturated fat. He ate 21 grams of protein and 155 milligrams of calcium, but no fruits or vegetables. Tyler's meal met the saturated fat guideline s, but had too much total fat.Tyler ate more calories and total fat than Ryan did. Ryan ate more protein, calcium, and fruit than Tyler did. Which meal would you say is the healthier choice?la Carte OptionsFederal standards and most school districts forbid selling food in the cafeteria that competes with the school lunch. Many programs do, however, offer àla carte choices for students who don't want the hot meal. Foods sold àla carte separate from the main meal and are priced individually. These foods do not have to meet the same nutritional standards as the foods on the hot lunch menu. Neither do the foods sold at a snack-bar or those foods available elsewhere in the school.A study in one Texas school district compared the lunches of fourth graders who did not have food choices with those of fifth graders who could choose either a standard lunch or select from a snack-bar. The fourth graders ate 25% more fruits and vegetables than the fifth graders.Food sold as fund-raisers can also have an impact on school lunch. The money raised is important to provide needed funds for many after-class activities. But the meal's overall nutritional quality usually goes down. Many of these foods are high in fat, sugar, or both, and often come in extralarge portions. Fundraisers rarely sell fruits and vegetables.Choosing WiselySchool food-service programs are trying to please students, and still offer quality, nutritious meals at low cost. That task isn't easy. One school district in New York decided to do something about it. A student advisory board kept the food-service director up-to-date on what the kids wanted. They also worked with school snack-bars to sell smaller servings of chips and candy. You can make healthy meal choices at school even when not-so-healthy choices are available. You can be sure to get a nutritious meal when you pick foods from the Food Guide Pyramid. Forexample, always drink milk or a calcium-rich juice for lunch. Even chocolate milk is more nutritious than soda or a sports drink. Stay away from snack foods offered àla carte. They may fill you up now, but the ones that contain a lot of fat and sugar will slow you down later. Always eat the fruits and vegetables offered at the meal. They help give you the energy and vitamins you need to get you through the rest of your school day.Some people like to make fun of school lunches, but good nutrition is no laughing matter. Your school's hot lunch is based on the Food Guide Pyramid, so it's full of nutrition. Give it a try. You might be pleasantly surprised.It's a Team EffortTeam Nutrition is a program that gets schools excited about healthy eating. Schools across the nation pick a team leader who develops fun nutrition activities. The leader works with students, teachers, parents, food-service workers, and people from the community. Activities can range from running a school health fair to planting a garden.At the Jordan Community School in Chicago, Illinois, one group of fifth graders showed off their "pizza(比萨饼)garden" in a big, colorful poster showing vegetarian pizzas. The students and food-service staff planted and took care of the vegetables that they would later use as ingredients on their pizzas. The group started growing the plants in the school's cafeteria. Then they moved them outdoors to the students' demonstration garden.This is just one way to get everyone involved in making school lunch healthy and fun. Team up with your own group and see how creative you can get.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
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2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题（标准卷）1.Digital2.Textbook3.Truly4.Replace5.Print6.Kind7.Shortcomings8.traditional9.edition10.obvious11.starters12.heavy13.average14.physics15.weigh16.pound17.expensive18.especially19.factor20.limited21.budget22.typically23.cost24.semester.25.version26.constantly27.undergo28.revisions29.professors30.requiretest32.essentially33.render34.unusable35.basically36.stick37.live up to their promise38.ease39.shortcomings40.distance41.dream43.reality44.Imagine45.Promise46.Carry47.Sound48.Almost49.pilot50.transition（过渡）51.medical52.program53.entire54.download55.eager56.be tired of57.fall58.sourcemunication60.take notesptop62.catch on63.functionality64.e-edition textbooks65.incredibly66.limited67.motivate68.behavior69.applicationpany71.release72.update73.utilize74.undergraduate75.current76.perspective77.exact78.copy o79.guy80.image81.screen82.define83.mainstream84.product85.platform87.multimedia88.content89.emphasis on90.traditional91.merely92.skeleton93.At first 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for252.award253.ceremony254.proper255.hairstyle256.role257.makeup258.session259.agent260.entertainment261.journalist262.assistant263.famous264.movie sta265.make an appointment266.interview267.send in268.application letter/form269.fill in270.make a brief self-introduction271.on the phone272.degree273.advertise274.experienced in275.business276.management277.ready to278.take on more responsibilities279.willing to280.work beyond regular hours281.travel282.opportunity283.handsome pay284.prospects for promotion285.flexible286.depend on287.be set by the Human Resources288.negotiate289.customer290.a wide range of choices291.as many items as possible292.supply as many varieties of goods as it can 293.space294.profitable products295.top →bottom296.shelf297.accessible298.buy things on impulse299.a majority of300.couple301.make shopping lists302.margin303.followpete for good bargains305.sense306.mathematics307.research308.institute309.high-tech company 310.design311.various choices 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