Unit-8-Nature-and-Nurture新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译
新编大学英语第三册课文原文及翻译

新编大学英语3原文篇一:新编大学英语3课后练习答案与课文完整版(包括预习课后阅读)103fBook 3课后练习参考答案:Unit 1Part onepreparation1.1)Gentle2)Dedicated3)Considerate4)Adventurous5)Calm6)Aggressive7)Critical8)Energetic9)Selfish10)Ambition11)Self-confident12)Easygoing13)Truthful14)Outgoing15)Frank16)Sensitive17)Bossy18)Patient19)Talkative20)Persuasive21)Sympathetic22)Emotional2.Jobs Personalitysalesperson undependable、shrewd、tricky、boastfulteacher knowledge、talkative、patient、energetic、unselfish、tolerantdoctor calm、skillful、sympathetic、careful、unselfishpolice office brave、calm、alert、carefulaccount cautious、careful、efficient、truthfullawyer knowledge、persuasive、talkative、expressive、intelligenttourist guide energetic、good-tempered、talkativehost or hostess of a show quick-minded、humorous、knowledge、expressive、emotional reporter adventurous、brave、curious、efficientsecretary considerate、careful、efficient、easygoingspokesperson diplomatic、intelligent、eloquentIII. Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction: (Para.1)Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (Para.2&3)People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (Para.4-15)i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.ii) Set reasonable goals.iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame.iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.v) Do not make negative comments about yourself.vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully.vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences.viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate.ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly.x) Practice being in social situations.4) Conclusion: (Para.16)The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.2. Understanding Specific Information1) F2) F3) T4) T5) T6) F7) T8) F9) F10) T3. Group Discussion1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways. Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time.2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one’s merits, abilities or success, e.g. she is very modest about her accomplishments. Shyness is used to describe the uncomfortable feeling one has in the company of others. It often implies a lack of self-confidence and a timid, reserved manner. Modesty is a good personality trait while shyness in many cases is undesirable.3) Yes, it is appropriate and normal to be shy in some circumstances: in the presence of teachers, your boss, your parents’ friends or your prospective in-laws; when you are dating someone, especially the first time; when you are with strangers; when you are in a new environment; when you’re facing a large audience.Vocabulary1. Self- is a prefix which means ―of, to or by oneself or itself.‖Words with the prefix self- that appear in the text: self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance, self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-destructive, self-awareness, self-accept103fance, self-rejection, self-confident1) self-conscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you)2) self-confidence (belief in one’s own ability, power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself)3) self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or4) self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one’s own best interests)5) self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)6) self-concept (one’s conception or general idea of one’s own basic character and nature)7) self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)8) self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)2. Part A1) B2) I3) L 4) A5) H6) D7) E8) N9) J10) M11) C12) F13) G14) KPart B1) profound2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight5) overcome6) eventually7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish10) reassurance 11) detrimental12) isolated13) self-esteem14) accented3. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect 4) viewed/regarded 5) sensitive6) respond/react 7) eliminated 8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no commentTranslation1.You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.2. In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.3. When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.4. Every day he sets some time aside to be with his family and enjoy life.5. I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.6. He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.7. In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8. He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.Part ThreeFURTHER Development1. 1)BBABC6)CBCAA11)CBPart FourWriting and Translation (P46)2. Translation Practice1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too muchPart onepreparation4.matching pictures1)Aphrodite2)Ares3)Hephaestus4)Artemis5)Demeter6)Dionysus7)Poseidon8)Athena9)Apollo10)Hermes11)Hera12)ZeusPost-ReadingReading Comprehension1. 1) Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.2) He saw the birds were busy preparing.3) He planned to go to the feast/sky with the birds.4) They didn’t agree because Tortoise was mischievous/cunning and ungrateful.5) With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.6) He made two wings with all the feathers he got from each bird.7) All of you.8) Nuts, meat and fish soup, pounded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.9) For whom have you prepared this feast?10) Because he knew the answer would be ―For all of you‖, which was his new name. So he could enjoy all the food first.11) They were very angry.12) They took back the feathers they had lent him.13) He asked them to take a message to his wife.14) Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.15) He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house to cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely. But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp, not the soft, things instead.16) His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.2. Ekwefi is telling a story about Tortoise. Long long ago, there was a famine, and the birds got an invitation from the sky to attend a feast there. Tortoise learned about it and with his sweet tongue he persuaded the birds to take him with them and so each bird lent him a feather.103fTortoise cunningly thought of an idea that enabled him to have all the food by naming himself ―All of you.‖ When they reached the sky, they received a warm welcome and soon the food was presen ted to them. Then he asked one of the people in the sky: ―For whom have you prepared all this feast?‖ The man replied: ―For all of you.‖ So he ate almost all the best food. The birds became very angry and took back their feathers before flying home. Without feathers, he had to jump onto the ground and his shell was broken into pieces.3. Acting out the StorySampleBird A: How exciting! All of us are invited to the feast in the sky.Bird B: I just can’t wait. What do you think I should wear?Tortoise: Hello. Good morning. What are you excited about?Bird A: Didn’t you know that we are going to the sky?Bird B: And we are going to have a big dinner. What fun!Tortoise: How nice it is. What lucky guys. May I go with you? I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun. Bird A: Yes, we’ll have great fun, but not you. We know you too well. You are full of cunning and you are ungrateful.Bird B: If we allow you to come with us, you will soon begin your mischief.Bird A: We know you of old.Tortoise: You don’t know me now. I’m a changed man. I am not the mischievous man you once knew. In fact, I am thoughtful and well-meaning. I have learned that a man who makes trouble for others is also making trouble for himself. Rest assured, I promise you I will not cause you any trouble.Bird A: (Talking to Bird B) Maybe he is a changed man now. Let’s talk to our bird friends and see if we will take him with us.(After a brief discussion with all the other birds)Bird B: Ok. Tortoise, now we all agreed to take you to the sky. Each of us will lend you a feather so that you can have two wings to fly.(During the flight to the party)Bird A: Tortoise is a great orator!Bird B: Let’s make him the spokesperson for the party.Tortoise: Did you know that we need a new name when we are invited to a great feast like this? It is an age-old custom and our hosts in the sky will expect us to honor it.Bird A: We haven’t heard of this before. But as you are such a learned man, if you say this, we will choose a new name for ourselves. I will call myself Good-Looking.Bird B: I am Smart-Ass.Tortoise: And my new name is All of You.(On their arrival at the sky)Sky people: Welcome to the sky, our dear bird friends. We are so pleased to see you again. Please make yourselves at home.Tortoise: My dear respected friends, thank you so much for inviting us to the sky. Nothing can make us happier than this. It is our greatest honor to be here and have a good time with you. Sky people: Thank you for your nice words. Now please help yourselves to the nuts.Bird A: Tortoise is really eloquent, isn’t he? I’m glad we decided to bring him with us. Bird B: Yes. And these are delicious nuts.Sky people: Now the dinner is ready. Please enjoy the soup, meat, fish and pounded yam. Here is palm wine, too.Tortoise: Just a moment. Let me ask you first. For whom have you prepared this feast? Skypeople: For whom? Why? For all of you, of course.Tortoise (To the birds): You remember that my name is All of You. The custom here is to serve the spokesman first and the others later. They will serve you when I finish.Sky people (To themselves): Looks like it is their custom to leave all the food to their king first. Tortoise: Mm. Yummy. Mm. I’m full now. You can start to eat.Bird A: We should never bring him here. I am too angry to eat. I’m going home.Bird B: Wait. I am leaving, too. Take the feather with us.Tortoise: What are you doing? Leave me the feather. Oh, how am I going home without a single feather? You can’t do this to me?Birds: Bye.Tortoise: Could someone take a message for my wife? Tell her to bring out everything soft and cover the ground. …4. Taking Sides篇二:新编大学英语第三册课文翻译Unit 1羞怯的痛苦对许多人来说,羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。
新编大学英语2第三版U3课文翻译及课后练习答案.doc

After-Class Reading迟做总比不做好1他躺在草从中,躲在那儿,同时思索着。
2他研究了这个小女孩的习惯。
他知道下午三点左右她会从外祖父的房子里出来玩耍。
3他为此举痛恨自己。
4在他悲惨的一生中,他还从来没有考虑过任何像绑架这样冷酷无情的事情。
5然而此时此刻他却躺在草丛里,被树木遮掩着,房了里的人看不见他。
他正等待着一个天真无邪、红头发、两岁人的小女孩向他走近。
6这是一次漫长的等待;有时间进行思考。
7可能在哈伦德的一生中,一切都太过匆忙。
85岁的时候,他那当农民的山地人父亲就去世了。
9 14岁的时候,他就从格林伍徳屮学辍学,开始到处流浪。
10他做过农场的临时工,但他不喜欢那工作。
11他尝试做过公共汽车的售票员,但也不喜欢那工作。
12在16岁的时候,他谎报年龄参了军——可他也不喜欢当兵。
在一年的服役期满后,他前往阿拉巴马州,在那儿试着做铁匠,但没有成功。
13 (后来)他成了南方铁路公司的恢路机车司炉工。
他喜欢那工作,以为自己找到了真正的自我。
14在18岁的时候,他结了婚。
谁知道没几个月,就在他说自己又被解雇了的那一天,他妻子说她怀孕了。
15接着,有一天,当他外出找工作的时候,他年轻的妻子散尽他们所有的家产回娘家去了。
16接下来就是经济萧条时期。
17正如人们所说的那样,哈伦德失去得太多,赢不回来了。
18他确实努力了。
19 一度,当他在铁路上不断地打各种零工的时候,他尝试过通过函授学习法律。
20但他也半途而废了。
21他尝试过卖保险、卖轮胎。
22他尝试过开渡轮,经营加汕站,但都没有用。
23面对现实吧——哈伦徳是一个失败者。
24他现在正躲在列吉尼亚州罗阿诺克郊外的杂草从里,筹划一次绑架。
25就如我所说的,他已经观察过这个小女孩的习惯,知道她下午玩耍的时间。
26但是,这一天,小女孩却没有出来玩,所以他那失败之链依旧没有中断。
27在他后来的生活中,他成了科尔宾一家餐馆的主厨和刷瓶工。
一切都挺好,直到冇一天新的公路绕餐馆而过。
新编第二版新视野大学英语第三册unit_8_words

① n. the state of being mixed up 困惑,迷乱
6)confusion: ② n. the act of confusing; mixing up 混淆
Translation There was some confusion as to whether we had won or lost. 关于我们是赢了还是输了,人们众说纷纭。 We’ve got three people called Paul James working for us, so it often caused con混淆。
v. keep for the purpose of producing young
breed:
animals or plants 饲养,繁殖
Translation Only the Chinese have successfully bred pandas and raised their babies in captivity. 只有中国人成功地进行了人工繁殖和哺育大熊猫。 They’ve bred a new variety of rose with larger flowers. 他们栽培了能开大花朵的新品种玫瑰。
Translation Tea was transplanted from China to India and Sri Lanka. 茶树是从中国移种到印度和斯里兰卡的。 Doctors transplanted a monkey’s heart into a two-yearold child. 医生们将一颗猴子的心脏移植到一个两岁的孩子身上。
Association
词根: trans-跨越 横贯 transcontinental 跨洲 trans-normal transmit
Unit 8 Nature and Nurture新编大学英语第二版第三册教案

Unit 8 Nature and NurtureUseful Information“Nature and nurture” is the catchy and rather poetic term used to evoke the two main sources of factors that influence the physical, psychological and intellectual characteristics of any human being. “Nature”, i n this case, means everything a person inherits genetically. Originally, the verb “nurture” was chosen to describe the home environment and the influences parents had on their children. In a broader sense, “nurture” refers to the general social environment which includes such things as family influences, peer influences, and educational experiences.Which has more influence on us, our genes or our environment? How do people become who they are? These are questions that have intrigued educators, psychologists, and geneticists for decades. Over the years, various experiments and studies have been carried out in an effort to determine the relative importance of heredity and environment. Although it is fairly easy to see how our genetic make-up affects physical characteristics such as hair color, bone structure, and facial features, it is far more difficult to measure the impact of parental behavior on the development of personality, for example.One of the best-known studies on nature-nurture issues was carried out by scientists at the University of Minnesota. Their research on identical twins raised apart suggests that genes play a major role in shaping both personality and intelligence. Some critics of the Minnesota study feel that the social environments of the twins raised apart were too similar to really make conclusive observations feasible. Ideally, the Minnesota researchers should have had twins raised in different cultures and in totally different social classes.Other studies have stressed the influence of parental verbal behavior on the intellectual development of children. In other words, the more parents talk with their children, the more they are likely to enhance their children’s communication skills. The same studies also showed that socially and financially deprived working-class families were much less communicative than professional families.A recent study carried out by the Colorado Adoption Project on a large number of adopted children has shown the preponderance of genetic inheritance with regard to personality and intelligence. Other studies have stressed the importance of factors outside the home, such as neighborhoods and one’s peers.The debate over the relative importance of genes and environment is likely to continue until additional major discoveries are made in the field of genetics. Perhaps some day, the genes for shyness or for gentleness, for example, will be isolated. For the moment, common sense and personal experience tend to suggest that nature and nurture are both important, each having a greater or lesser effect, depending both on the complexity of the gene and the conditions of the environment.More for the teachers:How do you live?We all live in different worlds. Nobody can claim that their life has been the same as yours. You might be wealthy or poor, a megastar, or an anonymous face in a city of millions. You may have an older brother, be an only child, have mixed race parents, live on the sunny side of the street…or in an iglo o. Your genes make you unique, but so does your life. It is different from every other human life on earth.Different beginningsFrom the moment you were conceived you have been dealing with unique surroundings. You may have had quite a different nine months in the womb compared to that of your brother or sister. Do stressed out mothers-to-be produce agitated babies? A link has been noticed and it’s just one sign that our different experiences count from very early on.…and once you are born then just abou t anything can happen. And almosteverything that occurs during your childhood and adolescence could be having an impact on your health, your career and the relationships you are forming today.Blame it on the genes?Your genes in combination with your early experiences of life are having an enormous impact on you. From how many calories you require to maintain your weight to your musical skills and talents, both your inherited genetic code and your environment are playing a part. So how do we know what to blame our genes for? In certain instances it is very clear-cut. Certain diseases are caused by a single gene. If you have a gene for cystic fibrosis there is nothing you can do to cure the disease although much can now be done to relieve the symptoms. Eye Color too is a product of our genes and can be changed only in appearance with contact lenses.In most cases though, the role our genes are playing and how powerful their influence is is unclear. Your weight, intelligence and personality are influenced by many different genes but also by your environment. Scientists are only just beginning to understand the role our genes play in these verycomplicated areas.Twins BiologyThere are two types of twins, the identical twins called monozygotic and the fraternal twins called dizygotic. So the term twins just indicates two children born together. A twin birth occurs every 100 normal births. In all cases of twins there is a genetic predisposition: in some families twin births are particularly frequent.Identical Twins "monozygotic"Identical twins are born from the same egg which splits in two after conception. This is a rarer case that occurs in 30% of twins. These twins have identical DNA and, therefore, they are physically almost identical and must be of the same blood group and sex. In this case usually the two fetuses share the same placenta (胎盘) but have different amnions (羊膜). In some cases they can have even a separate placenta or share both the placenta and the amnions, only in this last case malformations such as Siamese twins can occur.Fraternal Twins "dizygotic"Fraternal twins are born from two different eggs and develop separately in different amnions and different placentas, sometimes in the same placenta but the amnions are always different; they have different DNA so they can be of different sexes and can have different blood groups. Fraternal twins are more common and occur in about 70% of twins. Fraternal twins are commonly called “false twins,” because from a genetic point of view they are like brothers or sisters, only they are born at the same time.Part One Preparation1. Talking about TwinsSamples1) I knew a set of twins in my class in the middle school. They looked alike and usually dressed alike so we often got them mixed up. They were very close to each other and could exchange their ideas quickly. But they had quite different personalities: one was shy, quiet, and self-conscious while the other was self-confident and optimistic.2) I think it’s because there aren’t many twins around us. People are always curious about things that they rarely see. Another reason for their curiosity is probably that twins resemble each other, which is very unusual among other people.3) — They must be proud because they are different from others.—They may feel happy because they can enjoy each other’s company at home.— They may feel lonely because it is difficult to make friends with other people.—They may feel bored and discouraged because every day they will see the mirror image of themselves.2. Nature, Nurture or Both1) Nature and nurture: A person can have natural talents, but mastery always takes some effort. You have to try to succeed.2) Nature: No matter what the hairdo (hair style) is, their hairlines stay the same. This trait is due to the genes that the mother passed on to her son.3) Nature: There’s nothing wrong with Julie’s nose. Some people have the genes to smell freesia, others don’t.4) Nurture: Are you wild about mysteries? Adventures? Biographies? Your tastes may be determined by the books that are available in your home or school.5) Nurture: Somebody’s favorite clothes and color can change as quickly as the cover of a style magazine. You might say it’s due to the JEANS, not the GENES.6) Nature: Look at their mother’s earlobes. Genes determine whether a person’s earlobes are attached or detached.7) Nature and nu rture: Your personality isn’t determined only by genes. There are a lot of other factors that make you who you are, such as where you live and the people you meet.8) Nature and nurture: Practice makes perfect! Melissa earned her position as class champ because she uses her athletic ability and works so hard.3. What makes us who we are?1) expected 2) conclude 3) account 4) nurture 5) argues 6) myth 7) predetermin 8)react 9) consequences 10) revolution11) between 12) creaturePart Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingI. Pre-ReadingSampleThe conclusion is not justified because the sets of twins studied shared not only the same genes but also the same environment. The similarities are not due entirely to genes since environment also plays a role.II. Passage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. history (l. 14)The word is used here as a countable noun, meaning “a recor d of something that has affected someone or been done by them in the past”. We have phrases like medical/employment/career, etc. history.I feel like a part of my history has been taken away.2. infancy (l. 19)The word is often used in its figurative sens e, meaning “the beginning or early period of existence”.I) Research in this field is still in its infancy.II) Tourism on the island is still very much in its infancy.3. remove (l. 25)The word has several meanings. The major ones are listed below.1) take away (from a place) or take to another placeI) The paintings were removed to a museum.II) As soon as the cake is done, remove it from the oven.2) get rid ofI) Instant publication would have removed suspicion.II) Doctors have decided to give her an operation to remove a tumor in her stomach.3) dismissI) All senior officers involved in the coup will have to be removed.II) They made an attempt to remove her from the General Council.4) removed from: very differentI) What you say is far removed from what you said before.II) His ideas on foreign policy were far removed from those of the Government.4. prove (l. 34)The word here means “turn out to be”.I) He proved himself (to be) an amusing companion.II) The task proved to be more difficult tha n we’d expected.5. ...she had had few educational advantages herself, ... (l. 37~38)This means that she did not have much education herself or she was not an educated person herself.The word “advantage”, meaning something that helps someone to be more s uccessful than others, or the state of having this, is often used in the following expressions:I) Her experience meant that she had a big advantage over her opponent.II) She took advantage of him even after they were divorced.III) It would be to your advantage to prepare questions in advance.IV) I took advantage of the good weather to paint the shed.6. except, except for (l. 48)except后面可以接名词、代词、介词短语、不定式或从句,意思为“not including”。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3 Unit1—8课后翻译及答案

Unit 11、我们的计算机系统出了毛病,但我觉得问题比较小。
We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.2、父亲去世时我还小,不能独立生活。
就在那时,家乡的父老接过了养育我的责任。
My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point.3、这些玩具必得在达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童。
The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children.4、作为新闻和舆论的载体,广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。
Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.5、至于这本杂志,他刊载世界各地许多报纸杂志上的文章摘要。
When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.Unit 26、虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响,但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战,克服危机。
Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.7、在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下,我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄,搬迁到新的地方。
全新版大学英语(第二版)第三册课后翻译和作文

全新版⼤学英语(第⼆版)第三册课后翻译和作⽂原⽂段落Unit 1I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.? The other requirement is energy -- a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw.? Unit 2Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom.? In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And it's about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories.Unit 3It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. any suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.? It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.? The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child's bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.??Unit 4He had impressive powers of concentration.Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled "...even when there wasa lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa, pick up apen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on thebackrest and engross himself in a problem so much thatthe background noise stimulated rather than disturbedhim."Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishlymore so than his peers. "I have no special talents," heclaimed, "I am only passionately curious." And again:"The contrast between the popular assessment of mypowers ... and the reality is simply grotesque." Einsteincredited his discoveries to imagination and peskyquestioning more so than orthodox intelligence.Unit 5The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a"simple, old-fashioned principal" had ended withschools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt. "I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right," he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.? A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her "settin' down" some letter to relatives. Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours. I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me -- whom she used to diaper!?Unit 6Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a long, white beard curling down over his chest. Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art. For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as guard dag to the two young artists in the studio above.? Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy’s fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes, plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.Unit 7His mind was trapped in a body that didn't work. Speaking was difficult and took time. People were impatient and didn't listen. He felt different -- was different -- from the kids who rushed about in the halls and planned dances he would never attend.? What could his future be? Porter wanted to do something and his mother was certain that he could rise above his limitations. With her encouragement, he applied for a job with the Fuller Brush Co. only to be turned down. He couldn't carry a product briefcase or walk a route, they said.? Porter knew he wanted to be a salesman. He began reading help wanted ads in the newspaper. When he saw one for Watkins, a company that sold household products door-to-door, his mother set up a meeting with a representative. The man said no, but Porter wouldn't listen. He just wanted a chance. The man gave in and offered Porter a section of the city that no salesman wanted.?句⼦翻译1.We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it is fairly minor.我们的计算机系统出了⽑病,但我觉得问题⽐较⼩。
浙江大学《新编大学英语综合教程(2)》(第3版)(课文精解Unit8)【圣才出品】

浙江⼤学《新编⼤学英语综合教程(2)》(第3版)(课⽂精解Unit8)【圣才出品】⼆、课⽂精解Part2.Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class Reading1.A study in the Wall Street Journal found that70percent of the public live from paycheck to paycheck.live from paycheck to paycheck原意为“⽉光族”,此处表⽰“勉强度⽇”。
2.…millions of people lost billions of dollars,on paper anyway.on paper此处意为“理论上”。
例:Although it may look easy on paper,it isn’t in practice.事情从理论上看起来容易,⽽实践起来却很困难。
3.We are a people consumed by financial stress.consume原意为“消费,消耗”,此处表⽰深受经济压⼒的“折磨”。
4.As the Bible tells us,worrying about money—or anything else for that matter—won’t do us any good.for that matter就此⽽⾔;⾄于那个;说到那⼀点。
例:How did it become normal,or for that matter even acceptable,to refer to medical patients as“consumers”?将患者当成“消费者”这种提法是如何变成正常的事情,或者甚⾄为⼤众所接受?do sb.good=be good for,意为“帮助某⼈;对某⼈有益”。
例:That fellow is too sure of himself;it would do him good to be taken down a little.那个⼈太⾃信了,打掉他的傲⽓对他是会有好处的。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3课文原文及翻译Unit1-8

目录Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life 1Unit1 Text B American Family Life: The Changing Picture 4Unit2 Text A The Freedom Givers 10Unit3 Text A The Land of the Lock 14Unit3 Text B Why I Bought A Gun16Unit4 Text A Was Einstein a Space Alien? 21Unit5 Text A Writing Three Thank-You Letters 25Unit6 Text A The Last Leaf 28Unit7 Text A Life of a Salesman33Unit7 Text B Bricklayer's Boy41Unit8 Text A Human Cloning: A Scientist’s Story47Unit8 Text B Second Thoughts on Cloning 50Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂Jim Doherty 1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
新编第二版新视野大学英语第三册unit8第八单元sectionA课件

播视频短片
Unit 8 Section A Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning
Contents
Lead-in
A B C D E
Cloned Animals
What animals do you know have been cloned so far?
Cloned Animals
Dolly
Dolly (July 5, 1996 – February 14, 2003) , a ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in the United Kingdom and lived there until her death when she was 6.
2. What could cloning really do for us? 3. What are the arguments for human cloning? 4. What are the arguments against cloning?
1. Why did the birth of Dolly become the focus
Para.19
III. Text Study
1. Creative Application of Typical Expressions 2. Further Application of Typical Patterns 3. Key Words 4. Useful Expressions 5. Key and Difficult Sentences
新编大学英语第三册uint8课后练习(答案和翻译)

新编大学英语第三册uint8课后练习(答案和翻译)1.A recent survey reveals a grim fact that every year inthat asian country 78,0000 women die from __complication____ related to childbirth.最近的一项调查揭示了一个残酷的事实,亚洲每年有78000位妇女死于分娩并发症.2.When we are faced with a challenge, self-discouragementand self-encouragement can make a ___tremendous___ difference between a life of fear, frustration and a life of joy and harmony.当我们面对挑战的时候,沮丧和自我激励对生活的恐惧和挫折和开心和谐的生活有着巨大的区别.3.When spring is at last freed from winter’s bond, silentbirds arrive in their full songs and lifeless flowers burst forth in ___brilliant___ bloom.当春天摆脱了冬天的束缚,静寂的小鸟带着歌声来到,死气沉沉的花朵绽放着灿烂的生机4.Behavior ___analysis_is a natural scientific approachto the study of all behavior, and behavior analysts areconcerned with how our surroundings and personal histories determine who we are.行为分析是一种自然科学的方法研究所有的行为,行为分析师关心什么样的生活环境和个人历史决定我们是谁.5.A successful bone marrow _transplant___ can help curecancers of the blood. It is a tragedy that nearly one-third of all patients seeking a _transplant___are unable to find a donor whose bone marrow closely matches their own.一个成功的骨髓移植手术可以帮助治愈血癌,这是个悲剧,近三分之一的病人无法找到一个捐赠者的骨髓和自己的相匹配.6.“___In a sense_, the stark reality of the financialcrisis provides arare opportunity to rethink an economic system that has lost touch with the real wor ld,” said our professor of economics at a recent lecture.从某种意思上来说,金融危机严峻的显示提供了一个难得的机会让我们重新思考一个经济系统脱离了现实"我们的经济学教授最近的一次演讲.7.On the rare occasions when he ___consented_____ to dointerviews, he usually sat silent and still, staring stone-faced at puzzled journalists.在极少数情况下,当他同意作采访,他通常沉默,仍然坐着,面无表情的盯着困惑的记者8._In some ways__, you’re like your mother. She didn’tcare who she hurt, just as long as she got what she wanted.在某些方面,你有点象你的母亲,她不在乎自己受伤没有,她只在乎她得到他想要的9.Deaf dogs can manage surprisingly well, with their____eyesight__and sense of smell helping to compensate for their lack of hearing.聋狗可以管理的非常好,它们的视力和嗅觉帮助它们弥补听力的不足.10.These nursing homes are meant to give old people asense of dignity and worth, but _In reality__they live in an isolated world cut off from both family and the wider community.这些疗养院是为了给老人们尊严和价值,但在现实中他们生活在一个孤立的世界切断了他们同家庭和社会的联系11.Is it sickening to think of a time when embryos willbe_Implanted_ in a man’s body, and develop. And be born, perhaps by caesarian section.当把胚胎植入一个人的身体,再成长,然后可能通过剖腹产生出来想起来就令人作呕.12.You can increase the life of your air-conditioner byperforming simple, routine cleaning __procedures___in accordance with the owner’s manual.空调可以通过做些简单的操作改善你的生活,按照用户手册日常清洁程序。
Unit-8-Nature-and-Nurture新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译

Unit 8 Nature and NurtureTwins, Genes, and EnvironmentHeredity or environment: which is stronger The potentials which a person is born with determine in some way what he will do in life. Therefore heredity is fate, a kind of predestination. However, genes do not work in a vacuum; as soon as we begin considering the role that they play in the development of the individual, we see that there can be no development without the interacting environment. No characteristic is caused exclusively by either environment or genes.The relative effects of heredity and environment are most clearly observable in identical twins. Most identical twins are raised together and are remarkably alike in both appearance and behavior. These cases demonstrate that individuals with the same genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the same way. They do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals were raised separately.A number of studies have been made of identical twins raised apart. The twins who were the subjects of these studies lived in America, were raised in much the same physical environments, and experienced much the same nutritional histories. Therefore, as one might expect, they maintained the closest resemblance to each other in physical appearance, height, and weight. Exceptions occurred when one twin had developed a rather severe illness and the other had not; but on the whole everyone is impressed by the great psychological and physical likenesses that exist between identical twins, even those who have been separated from infancy.In a study of nineteen sets of twins who had been separated from birth, investigators found that in approximately two thirds of the sets there were no more significant differences than existed among unseparated pairs of twins. This strongly suggests the power of the genes and the limitation of the effect of environment.However, it must be remembered that, although the identical twins who were studied lived in different families far removed from each other, the environments in those families were not, on the whole, substantially different. Usually every effort would be made to put each child in a home with a background similar to that of its own family, and therefore it should not be surprising to find that the twins developed similarly. But in those cases in which there had been a greater difference in the environments of the separated twins, the differences between the twins were more substantial. The following case illustrates what happens to identical twins when they are brought up in contrasting environments.Gladys and Helen were born in a small Ohio town and were separated at about eighteen months of age. They did not meet again until they were twenty-eight years old. Helen had been adopted twice. Her first foster parents had proved to be unstable, and Helen had been returned to the orphanage after a couple of years; after several months she was again adopted, by a farmer and his wife who lived in southeastern Michigan. This was her home for the next twenty-five years. Her second foster-mother, though she had had few educational advantages herself, was determined that Helen should receive a good education; Helen eventually graduated from college, taught school for twelve years, married at twenty-six, and had a daughter.Gladys was adopted by a Canadian railroad conductor and his wife. When she was in the third grade, the family moved to a rather isolated part of the Canadian Rockies, where there were no schools, and Gladys' formal education came to an end, and was not resumed until the family moved to Ontario. She stayed at home and did housework until she was seventeen, and then went to work in a knitting mill. She went to Detroit at nineteen, got a job, and married when she was twenty-one.Helen had been healthier than Gladys, in childhood and adulthood, but other than that, their environments had been very similar except for their educations. Their weight, height, hair color, and teeth were very similar. The differences thatdistinguished them were obviously associated with the different social lives they had led.Helen was confident, graceful, made the most of her personal appearance, and showed considerable polish and ease in social relationships. Gladys was shy, self-conscious, quiet and without charming or graceful manners. A scientist who studied them remarked, "As an advertisement for a college education the contrast between these two twins should be quite effective."Considering the nature of their environmental experiences, the differences in Helen and Gladys are not surprising. Since psychological traits depend so much upon experience, it is to be expected that they will reflect it. On the other hand, traits that are not liable to be influenced by the environment are more likely to exhibit a high degree of similarity in identical twins. Important as they are, genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait. What we can do is set by the genes, but what we actually do is largely determined by the environment.基因、环境与双胞胎遗传与环境究竟哪一个影响更大呢从某种程度上讲,一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。
西北工业大学《大学英语第三册》课件-第8章NatureandNurtu

Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5
Nature?
How tall might you be?
Here is a formula to predict how tall you might be: Step 1. Father’s height + mother’s height (in cm).
aboWDutohhyyisowubarksaniEnoi?wnshteeinevseoncflaeivleerd?aWt haiss tfhiresrteasttoemmeptthtionggespt einctioal a pIrnesftiagcitousscisecnhtoisotlsinhaSvweitzeexralamnidn?edHeEwinasstebionr'sn ibnraGinermvearny thyoirnoaugtohwlynacnadllfeoduWndutrhmatotnhethpea1rt4tohf othf eMbarracihn 1th8a7t9h. aBsuttohdiso with visual imaging and mathematical thinking was in fact efnalmariglyedm. oHvoewdetvoeSr,wtihtziserdlaoneds wnohtenalhtoegwetahser16acyceoaursntolfdo.rDhois gyroeautnkensosw. what subject caused him to fail? Yes, you guessed Eitin-TsEtheneinrgelihswahde!rHae evoedtrhiyderns'utfapgcpitvooerrtsuivptehtahatonudhgeehlnp,ceaodnudnrausgtrutiundrgieedetnhhviasirrdogneamnnideunstt. inriewdhaigchainto, agnrdowwausp.acHciesppteadretnhtesnaelxlotwyedarh. iEmvetno adteuvneilvoeprshiits cyurhioessitoym. eHtiims ems omthisesredtaculgahstsehsimbectaouspelahye thhaedvtiooolimn uacnhdohne played it very well. His uncle also encouraged him ehniosrmmionudslayn.dEcionustledinn,otytoeuarkhniomws,elwf aaws anyo.tFvoerrtyuniantteelrye,shteedhian sdchaogool oadndfrwieonudldwmhouctohopkrenfoetrestofothrihnikmt.hings out for himself.
unit 8 nature and nurture新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译

unit 8 nature and nurture新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译Unit 8 Nature and NurtureTwins, Genes, and EnvironmentHeredity or environment: which is stronger? The potentials which a person is born with determine in some way what he will do in life. Therefore heredity is fate, a kind of predestination. However, genes do not work in a vacuum; as soon as we begin considering the role that they play in the development of the individual, we see that there can be no development without the interacting environment. No characteristic is caused exclusively by either environment or genes.The relative effects of heredity and environment are most clearly observable in identical twins. Most identical twins are raised together and are remarkably alike in both appearance and behavior. These cases demonstrate that individuals with the same genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the same way. They do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals were raised separately.A number of studies have been made of identical twins raised apart. The twins who were the subjects of these studies lived in America, were raised in much the same physical environments, and experienced much the same nutritional histories. Therefore, as one might expect, they maintained the closest resemblance to each other in physical appearance,height, and weight. Exceptions occurred when one twin had developed a rather severe illness and the other had not; but on the whole everyone is impressed by the great psychological and physical likenesses that exist between identical twins, even those who have been separated from infancy.In a study of nineteen sets of twins who had been separated from birth, investigators found that in approximately two thirds of the sets there were no more significant differences than existed among unseparated pairs of twins. This strongly suggests the power of the genes and the limitation of the effect of environment. However, it must be remembered that, although the identical twins who were studied lived in different families far removed from each other, the environments in those families were not, on the whole, substantially different. Usually every effort would be made to put each child in a home with a background similar to that of its own family, and therefore it should not be surprising to find that the twins developed similarly. But in those cases in which there had been a greater difference in the environments of the separated twins, the differences between the twins were more substantial. The following case illustrates what happens to identical twins when they are brought up in contrasting environments.Gladys and Helen were born in a small Ohio town and were separatedat about eighteen months of age. They did not meet again until they were twenty-eight years old. Helen had been adopted twice. Her first foster parents had proved to be unstable, and Helen had been returned to theorphanage after a couple of years; after several months she was again adopted, by a farmer and his wife who lived in southeastern Michigan. This was her home for the next twenty-five years. Her second foster-mother, though she had had few educational advantages herself, was determined that Helen should receive a good education; Helen eventually graduated from college, taught school for twelve years, married at twenty-six, and had a daughter.Gladys was adopted by a Canadian railroad conductor and his wife. When she was in the third grade, the family moved to a rather isolated part of the Canadian Rockies, where there were no schools, and Gladys' formal education came to an end, and was not resumed until the family moved to Ontario. She stayed at home and did housework until she was seventeen, and then went to work in a knitting mill. She went to Detroit at nineteen, got a job, and married when she was twenty-one.Helen had been healthier than Gladys, in childhood and adulthood,but other than that, their environments had been very similar except for their educations. Their weight, height, hair color, and teeth were very similar. The differences that distinguished them were obviously associated with the different social lives they had led.Helen was confident, graceful, made the most of her personal appearance, and showed considerable polish and ease in social relationships. Gladys was shy, self-conscious, quiet and without charming or graceful manners. A scientist who studied them remarked, "Asan advertisement for a college education the contrast between these two twins should be quite effective."Considering the nature of their environmental experiences, the differences in Helen and Gladys are not surprising. Since psychological traits depend so much upon experience, it is to be expected that theywill reflect it. On the other hand, traits that are not liable to be influenced by the environment are more likely to exhibit a high degreeof similarity in identical twins. Important as they are, genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait. What we can do is set by the genes, but what we actually do is largely determined by the environment.基因、环境与双胞胎遗传与环境究竟哪一个影响更大呢,从某种程度上讲,一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。
新视野第二版第三册课文幻灯--unit8

2) Because it became possible to clone human beings;
3) Because it was a deformed product of science;
Para.19
This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that,although the list of questions could go on, people begin to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.
Unit 8 Section A
Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning
AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS
Lead-in
Our topic today is “Cloning”. Cloning, as its name implies, is the genetic term for producing an exact copy of an animal or plant by developing artificially a cell from it. But the birth of Dolly, a mammal clone, is like setting the cat among the pigeons.
全新版大学英语第二版第三册Unit8

identical unethical embryo replicate horrifying reproductive scientist stem cell risk
Dolly, the sheep human cloning gene disputable cure disease organ scientific advance sci-fi film organ
Cloning was not originally a sci-fi idea although sci-fi writers have enjoyed playing about with the concept. Clones have always occurred in nature. 2. “Clone” comes from the ancient Greek word meaning “trouble”. ( F ) The word “clone” comes from the ancient Greek word meaning “twig” i.e., a division from the main branch.
Unit 8 Cloning
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
5. Cloned animals have the same personality as their “parent”. ( F )
Unit 8 Cloning
Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Supplementary Reading
新编大学英语第二版第三册课后习题答案

新编大学英语(第二版第三册)习题答案新编大学英语(第三册)习题答案新编大学英语(第二版)》由浙江大学编著,应惠兰主编,外语教学与研究出版社出版,刊出其习题答案是为了我三合在读大学生,同时欢迎关注三合的朋友们分享,更多内容请点击博客首页并在“搜博主文章”中按关键字搜索。
Unit 1 PersonalityVocabulary (P16)1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence2.1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overco me my fear9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation (P17)1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.Part Four Writing and Translation (P46)2. Translation Practice1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much.Unit 2 Myths and LegendsVocabulary (P62)1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting 2) A. prepare B. preparedC. preparationD. preparatory/preparation3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approving E. disapprove5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faith d. faithfully7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered9) A. troublesome B. troubled C. troubled D. troubling10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure2. 1) got/ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble 4) have … trouble 5) trouble with6) in serious/deep/big trouble 7) get/getting … into trouble 8) took the trouble3. 1) with a pattern of roses 2) prepared a wonderful/goof meal for us3) promised faithfully 4) deliver this letter5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6) keep out of mischief/behave themselves7) the sound of distant thunder 8) received approval from the government9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10) agree whether the drug is safe or notPart Three Further Development5. Complete the following Ancient Chinese story by translating the Chinese into English(P93)1) the true reason why there was no such animal in Guizhou2) they were of no use at all in this place3) when he saw the donkey all of a sudden, he thought it was a monster4) he hid himself in the trees while looking at the donkey5) what kind of animal is this and why does it look different from other animals that I’ve seen?6) But one day the donkey stretched its thin neck and cried7) the tiger discovered that the donkey didn’t have any other skills besides crying8) But he dared not rush to it and eat it just as he did to other animals9) This did irritate the donkey (made the donkey angry), who raised its hind leg and kicked the tiger10) This time he rushed to it without hesitation and bit its rhroatPart Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice(P96)万物之初,天地还是一体,充满混沌。
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程3答案UNIT-8

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程3答案UNIT-8课后练习答案:《全新版大学英语》第三册UNIT 8(综合教程第二版)2011-05-23 20:08:13| 分类:全新版大学英语-|字号大中小订阅Unit 8 CloningText A Human Cloing: A Scientist’s StoryLanguage Sense Enhancement1. in some waymake the most ofindividualreplicatedroadmapin placeresult fromdissuadeQuite honestlylegislateLanguage FocusI.1.1)complications 2)tremendous 3)brilliant 4)analysis 5)transplant transplant 6)In a sense 7)consented 8)In some ways9)eyesight 10)in reality 11)implanted12)procedures2.1) focus on 2)come forward 3)result from 4)go through 5)carry out 6)work on 7)feed on 8)settled over3.1)resulted from a childhood illness.2)was condemned by the trade unions asendangering jobs.3)in place, even those with persistent, long-term mental illnesses can usually learn to manage their symptoms and live productive lives.4)but apparently showed disapproval of his behavior.5)you should make the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer.4.1)misconceptionspotentialmake the most of2)donatedcontentious issueand opponents3)a fraudin some wayscondemn himII.1)permission to adopt her2)a willingness to restart peace talks3)failure to find meaning in life4)his determination to realize his ideals5)attempt to blow up the bridge6)an opportunity to pursue a college degreeIII.1)Do you consider it any good continuing your investigations?2)It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion.3)I owe it to you that I have been able to get back to my studies.4)It is no good bothering about such a trifle.5)It won’t do you any good to hide your sickness for fear of treatment.6)We all think it a pity to give up the experiment half way.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Test-related1)issue 2)contentious 3)clones4)potential 5)condemn 6)misconceptions 7)opponents 8)results from 9)come forward 10)donated2. Theme-related1)prospect 2)intention 3)Despite4)developing 5)publish 6)condemned7)among 8)standpoint 9)standard10)rejectionII. Translation1.1)Medical experts debated whether the cloning of human beings should be permitted and what its potential effects on society might be.2)Eighty-five per cent of the people in the local area are in full-time employment;only3% describe themselves as unemployed.3)The departments concerned in China will speed up legislation to protect rights of migrant workers.4)In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint.5)The global financial crisis has had a huge impact on that country’s export industry. In no more than six months, manyfactories have closed down by necessity.2.Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientists in 1997. A fierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on. This contentious issue had focused on ethical and social implications of the technology: what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction, child rearing, individuality, et cetera.The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases. The reason is that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings. Scientistsbelieve that with policies and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we canal benefit from this procedure.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Unit 8 Nature and NurtureTwins, Genes, and EnvironmentHeredity or environment: which is stronger? The potentials which a person is born with determine in some way what he will do in life. Therefore heredity is fate, a kind of predestination. However, genes do not work in a vacuum; as soon as we begin considering the role that they play in the development of the individual, we see that there can be no development without the interacting environment. No characteristic is caused exclusively by either environment or genes.The relative effects of heredity and environment are most clearly observable in identical twins. Most identical twins are raised together and are remarkably alike in both appearance and behavior. These cases demonstrate that individuals with the same genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the same way. They do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals were raised separately.A number of studies have been made of identical twins raised apart. The twins who were the subjects of these studies lived in America, were raised in much the same physical environments, and experienced much the same nutritional histories. Therefore, as one might expect, they maintained the closest resemblance to each other in physical appearance, height, and weight. Exceptions occurred when one twin had developed a rather severe illness and the other had not; but on the whole everyone is impressed by the great psychological and physical likenesses that exist between identical twins, even those who have been separated from infancy.In a study of nineteen sets of twins who had been separated from birth, investigators found that in approximately two thirds of the sets there were no more significant differences than existed among unseparated pairs of twins. This strongly suggests the power of the genes and the limitation of the effect of environment. However, it must be remembered that, although the identical twins who were studied lived in different families far removed from each other, the environments in those families were not, on the whole, substantially different. Usually every effort would be made to put each child in a home with a background similar to that of its own family, and therefore it should not be surprising to find that the twins developed similarly. But in those cases in which there had been a greater difference in the environments of the separated twins, the differences between the twins were more substantial. The following case illustrates what happens to identical twins when they are brought up in contrasting environments.Gladys and Helen were born in a small Ohio town and were separated at about eighteen months of age. They did not meet again until they were twenty-eight years old. Helen had been adopted twice. Her first foster parents had proved to be unstable, and Helen had been returned to the orphanage after a couple of years; after several months she was again adopted, by a farmer and his wife who lived in southeastern Michigan. This was her home for the next twenty-five years. Her second foster-mother, though she had had few educational advantages herself, was determined that Helen should receive a good education; Helen eventually graduated from college, taught school for twelve years, married at twenty-six, and had a daughter.Gladys was adopted by a Canadian railroad conductor and his wife. When she was in the third grade, the family moved to a rather isolated part of the Canadian Rockies, where there were no schools, and Gladys' formal education came to an end, and was not resumed until the family moved to Ontario. She stayed at home and did housework until she was seventeen, and then went to work in a knitting mill. She went to Detroit at nineteen, got a job, and married when she was twenty-one.Helen had been healthier than Gladys, in childhood and adulthood, but other than that, their environments had been very similar except for their educations. Their weight, height, hair color, and teeth were very similar. The differences that distinguished them were obviously associated with the different social lives they had led.Helen was confident, graceful, made the most of her personal appearance, and showed considerable polish and ease in social relationships. Gladys was shy, self-conscious, quiet and without charming or graceful manners. A scientist who studied them remarked, "As an advertisement for a college education the contrast between these two twins should be quite effective."Considering the nature of their environmental experiences, the differences in Helen and Gladys are not surprising. Since psychological traits depend so much upon experience, it is to be expected that they will reflect it. On the other hand, traits that are not liable to be influenced by the environment are more likely to exhibit a high degree of similarity in identical twins. Important as they are, genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait. What we can do is set by the genes, but what we actually do is largely determined by the environment.基因、环境与双胞胎遗传与环境究竟哪一个影响更大呢?从某种程度上讲,一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。