四级词汇讲解

频率出现七次的词汇case意义n.事例,实例,事实,情况;病例;案件;箱,盒,套;手提箱搭配a case in point 有关的事例,例证a case in point 恰当的例子in any case 无论如何,不管怎样in case 假使,以防(引导虚拟语气)sum up the case 概括事实in case of 假如,如果发生;防备in no case 无论如何不,决不in this/that case 如果这样.那样的话a case of measles 麻疹病例appeal a case 申述pack a case 装箱in the case of 就…..来说,至于as the case may be 看情况，根据具体情况辨析case 事实,事例,情况,其可笼统地指一个完整的论题,也可表典型的事例,也可用于表医学上的病例或法律上的案例.instance 为正式用词,指从事实中援引单独事例,隐含其典型性重难点语法规则：in case意为“假使；免得，以防（万一）”。

In case引导的从句可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，虚拟形式为should+动词原形真题I was advised to arrange for insurance _____I needed medical treatment. 答案A)nevertheless B) although C)in case D)so that CI left for the office earlier than usual this morning _________traffic jam. 答案A)in line with B)for the sake of C)in case of D)at the risk of CWe left the manager a note________ he wanted to know where we were. 答案A)if B)in case C)so that D)unless BThe lawyer advised him to drop _________,since he stands little chance to win. 答案A)event B)incident C)case D)affair Craise意义vt.举起、提高、提升；筹集、征集；唤起、引起；养育、饲养、种植；提升，增加（工资）搭配raise one’s hand 举手raise one’s hat to sb. 向某人举帽致敬raise doubts in people’s minds 引起人们的怀疑raise a child 养育孩子raise farm/corps 饲养raise funds 筹集资金raise salaries 增加薪水raise standards of service 提高服务水平辨析raiselift raise 多指由低处垂直举往高处，不一定费力lift 指用力或机械把重物提高到较高的位置risearisearouse rise v.上升arise v.发生arouse v.激发起真题Though______in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferredto record the plain facts of small-town life. 答案A)raised B)grown C)developed D)cultivated A频率出现六次的词汇extend意义vt.延伸；扩展、扩大；提供、给予；vi.伸展、延伸；（在范围或应用上）达到构词ex(向外)+tend（伸展）变形extension. n.伸出、伸展；延长部分；电话分机extensive a. 广大的、广阔的；广泛的intensive a.加强的，深入细致的搭配extensive knowledge 广博的知识to extend credit/visa 延长信贷限期/签证extensive reading 泛读extensive discussion 广泛的讨论辨析enlarge expand enlarge v.扩大，放大expand v.使膨胀，扩张extend lengthen prolong extend 指直线状的伸展，引申指扩大势力、范围。

lengthen 指增加长度或延长时间。

prolong 指时间过程延长到超过通常或正常的限度。

真题It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge. 答案A) extensive B) expansive C) intensive D) expensive Aintensive意义a.加强的，集中的，深入细致的；集约（经营）的，精耕细作的构词ex(向外)+tend（伸展）变形intensity n.强烈，剧烈；强度intensively adv.加强地，集中地，深入细致地搭配intensive study 深入细致的研究intensive reading 精读intensive agriculture 集约农业labour intensity 劳动强度look at sb. with intensity 深情地看着某人辨析intense 意为“非常的；强烈的”，常用于形容某种性质或感情，表示很高或达到极端的程度。

intensive 含有intense的意思，但更强调“精细的；集中的”。

An intense attack 全线的攻击；an intensive attack 集中某一点攻击。

真题The patient’s health failed to such an extent that he was put into____care. 答案A)tense B)rigid C)intensive D)tight CThe relationship between employers and employees has been studied________ 答案A)originally B)extremely C)violently D)intensively D频率出现五次的词汇available意义a.现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的；可取得联系的，可得到的构词a(to)+vail(value,价值)+able(后缀)----有利用价值的-----可利用的搭配make sth. available to/for 使…可以享受某物；使….买得起某物the only available room 唯一可用的房子；辨析available a. 现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的handy a. 手边的，就近的，便利的，敏捷的at hand 在手边，在附近，即将到来真题Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are______in grocery stores. 答案A)ready B)approachable C)probable D) available DIn general,the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total ____for living expense. 答案A)acceptable B)available C)advisable D)applicable Bcharge意义n.控告，指控;主管，看管;费用，价钱;负荷,电荷,充电vt.索价，要......支付;控告，指控;使承担（任务、责任等）;使负荷,使充电搭配in charge of 主管,看管in(under)the charge of 在……的掌管下charge sb.with 指控某人………charge(sb.)…(money)for sth. 要价,要(某人)付….(钱)买某物take charge 开始管理,接管a positive/negative charge 正/负电荷be on charge 正充电at modest charges 以公道的价格charge for trouble 手续费charge a battery 给电池充电辨析accuse accuse 指的是严重程度不等的犯罪或冒犯行为,accuse与介词of连用,charge charge所指的是正式控告或指责具有违法性质的行为,charge与介词with搭配.真题She was complaining that the doctor was ________too much for the treatment he was giving her. 答案A)expending B)offering C)costing D)charging DThis hotel ____$60 for a single room with bath. 答案A)charges B)demands C)prices D)claims Aeffect意义n.结果、效果; v.实现、使生效变形effective 有效的，生效的，起作用的；给人印象深刻的；实际的，事实上的effectively 有效地、起作用地搭配bring/carry/put into effect 实行、实现take effective measures 采取有效措施effective range 有效射程；effective ways of reducing pollution 降低污染的有效方法；take effect 生效、起作用to the effect that 大意是effective 有效的、起作用的in effect 实际上、实质上come/go into effect 生效to no effect 无效；毫无结果辨析effectconsequence effect 指明显的原因所产生的后果。

consequence 可指没有明确原因的后果或效果。

effective valid effective 表示能产生实际的效果。

valid 指仍为权威部门认可，可以继续使用，是法律用语。

真题They took _______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. 答案A) fruitful B) beneficial C) valid D) effective DThough the long-term___ can not be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee. 答案A)affect B)effect C)result D)consequence BThe new appointment of our president ______from the very beginning of next semester. 答案A)takes effect B)takes part C)takes place D)takes turn Atransmit意义vt.播送、发射；传送、传染构词trans(从…到….)+mit(发送)变形transmission 播送、发射;传送、传染搭配transmit knowledge from one generation to another 把知识由一代传给另一代transmission of news 消息的传播；transmit news by radio 由无线电发送消息真题American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised_________ from the United States. 答案A)transfer B) deliveries C) transportation D) transmissions DSome diseases are ___ by certain water animals. 答案A) transplanted B) transformed C) transported D)transmitted DCommunication is the process of_______a message from a source to an audience via a channel. 答案A)transmitting B)submitting C)transforming D)switching ACultural________indicates that human beings hand theirs languages down from one generation to another. 答案A)translation B )transition C)transmission D)transaction Crelate意义vi.有关联；适应，和睦相处；vt.使互相关联；讲述，叙述变形relative 相关的，有关的；相对的，比较的；亲属all human values are relative,so beauty is relative to the beholder's eyes.relatively 相关地，有关地；相对地，比较地relation 亲属搭配relate to/with 有关联relative to 有关，涉及in/with relation to 有关，涉及close/near relation 近亲distant relation 远亲真题It is difficult to______cause and effect in this case. 答案A)unite B)think C)relate D)describe C短语词汇频率（10次以上）出现23次的短语词汇take搭配take after 与…相象take apart 拆开(机器等)take…as 把…理解为take away 拿走，夺去，使离去；减去take down 取下；记下；拆卸take for 认为，以为；误认为take on 接受；包含；领会；承担，从事；呈现，具有；开始雇佣take into account 把…考虑进去take issue with sb. 与某人争论take off 拿走；脱下(衣帽等)；起飞take oneself off 走开，离去take up 拿起；着手处理；占去take sb. to task 责备某人，申斥某人take to 开始；对…产生好感；形成的习惯take up 占去，占据；开始从事take over 占据；接任(职位)take out 拿出；去掉；扣除；（通过申请等）取得，办理；(on)对….发泄take out loans 借贷take aback 使吃惊，使困惑take back 收回（说错的话）；使回忆起take in 接受，接纳，吸收；包括；领会，理解；欺骗take effect 生效take turns 轮流take up with 与….成为朋友take out on 对….发泄真题The new appointment of our president ______from the very beginning of next semester. 答案A) takes effect B) takes part C) takes place D) takes turns AFrequently single-parent children ___some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served. 答案A) take off B) take after C) take in D) take on DOur son doesn’t know what to _____at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future. 答案A) take in B)take over C) take up D) take after BI’d ______ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make adecision about whether or not to approve a loan. 答案A) take into account B) account for C) make up for D) make out A出现18次的短语词汇turn搭配turn away 走开；把脸转过去turn one's back on 不理睬turn out 生产；驱逐；翻转turn on 开，旋开(电灯等)turn off 关(水源等)；拐弯turn into 进入；使变成，使成为turn in 转身进入；拐入；交出；上床睡觉turn down 关小，调低；拒绝turn sb's blood cold 使毛骨悚然turn against 对…采取敌对态度by turns 轮流，交替take turns 依次，轮流on the turn 正在转变中turn back (使)折回；（使）往回走turn around/round 转变，（使）转好in turn 依次，轮流；转而，反过来turn up 出现；找到；证明是turn to 变成；求助于；着手；查阅turn over (机器等)运转；翻过来；仔细考虑真题Let’s not wait any longer, he might not ___at all. 答案A)turn over B)turn up C)turn on D)turn down BThe French pianist who had been praised very highly ____to be a great disappointment . 答案A)turned up B)turned in C)turned out D)turned down CThis popular sports car is now being ____at the rate of a thousand a week. 答案A)turned down B)turned out C)turned up D)turned on BFaced with all the difficulties, the girl _____her mother for comfort. 答案A)turned over B)turned form C)turned to D)turned up CUnder the present system, state enterprises must____ all profits to the government 答案A) turn down B)turn up C)turn out D)turn in DEverything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the body’s need for it from natural sources without turning____ the salt bottle. 答案A)to B)over C)on D)up A出现15次的短语词汇put搭配put across/over 解释清楚；做成(交易)put up with 忍受，容忍(讨厌的人)put up 举起；安装；张贴；建造，搭起，支起；为….提供住宿；进行（抵抗）；提高（价格）；提名put to (船只顺避风等而)靠岸put through 使穿过；使从事；接通（电话），为…接通电话put out 熄灭；关(灯)；出版；伸出；生产put on 穿上；上演；教唆；增加（体重）put off 推迟，拖延；阻碍put in 花费；正式提出put aside 储存，保留；把…放在一边，暂不考虑put forward 提出(要求、事实等)put down 记下；镇压；杀死put away 把…收起；储存，积攒put sb. out of job 使某人失业put one’s feeling into words 用语言表达感情真题In Disneyland, every year, some 800,000plants are replaced because Disney refused to ____ signs asking his “guest” not to step on them. 答案A) put down B) put out C) put up D) put off CWhen they had finishing playing, the children were made to___all the toys theyhad taken out. 答案A)put off B)put out C)put up D)put away Dgo搭配go back on 违背（诺言等）; 毁(约)go for 竭力想取得，喜爱，适用于go in for 从事，致力，爱好；追求go into 研究，调查，进入go on 继续，发生；接近go through 经历，详细检查；完成go with 伴随，与…..协调；与…持同一看法go without 没有…… 也行on the go 很忙to go 剩下的，未完成的go against 反对；对….不利go after 追求/赶; 设法得到go about 着手做，处理，忙于go up 上升，增加，建起；(物价等)上涨go under 下沉，沉没；失败；破产go round/around 足够分配; (消息)流传go over 检查，审查；复习，重温go out 外出；熄灭；走出(房间等)；罢工;公布，播出go out of one's way 特别费心(做事)go off 爆炸，发射；动身，离开；去世；go off with 拿去；抢走；拐走go down 下降，降低；被载入，传下去; (船等)下沉go by 过去go ahead 开始，前进；领先; 取得进展go at 攻击；着手/努力做go along 进行，进展；（with）赞同go into action 开始行动go together 相配；恋爱go by 走过，放过；依照go abroad 出国go out of one’s mind 变得神志不清真题The early pioneers had to _____ many hardships to settle on the new land. 答案A) go along with B) go back on C) go through D) go into CThe terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to ___ when it arrived in New York. 答案A) get off B) carry off C) go off D) come off things. CThere are other problems which I don’t propose to ______at the moment. 答案A) go into B) go around C) go for D) go up ADavid likes country life and has decided to ____ farming . 答案A）go in for B) go back on C）go through with D) go along with A出现11次的短语词汇call搭配call after 追在…的后面叫喊call forth 唤起，引起；鼓起（勇气，精神）call for 要求，需要，提倡call back 叫回来，收回(错话等)call up 征召(服役)，动员call on/upon 访问；号召；呼吁call off 叫走，叫开；取消call in 收回(某物)真题That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but the police. 答案A) called in B) calling in C) call in D) to call in DThe sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday ,was finally because of the bad weather. 答案A）set off B）worn off C) broken off D) called off DA well-written composition ____ good choice of words and clear organization . 答案A) calls on B) calls for C）calls up D) calls off BThe article________more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning. 答案A)calls for B)applies for C)cares for D)allows for Amake搭配made up of 由…组成，由…构成make it 办成，做到，成功；赶上，及时达到make believe 假装，假扮make of 理解，推断make up to 接近；巴结；向…求爱make up for 补偿，弥补make up 拼凑；组成；补偿;捏造，临时编造，虚高；化装；和解make as if 假装；装作make over 把(财产)转让；改造make away (急忙)离去；逃走make away with 携…而逃；摧毁；浪费make off with 携…而逃make for 走向，向…前进；冲向make down 改小(衣服)make beds 铺床叠被make out of 用…制造出；理解make out 开列；书写；辩认出make fun of 嘲笑；开…玩笑home/foreign make 本国/外国制造make one's way 前进；成功，发迹真题In Britain today women ____44% of the work force ,and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.. 答案A) build up B) stand for C) make up D) conform to CWhen he realized the police had spotted him, the man ____ the exit as quickly as possible. 答案A) made off B) made for C) made out D) made up B出现10次的短语词汇set搭配set against 使敌视，使抵消set oneself up as 以…自居set up 开办；建立；设立；开始经商set out 动身；开始；装饰；摆放；阐明set oneself against 坚决反对set off 动身，出发；使爆炸set forth 动身起程；阐明set down 记下；登记；放下set back (把钟等)往回拨；推迟；使花费set aside 挑出；不顾；取消；不理会set apart 使分离；使显得突出；留出，拨出（时间、金钱等）set about 开始；散布(谣言等)a dinner set 一套餐具set in 开始set on 袭击，唆使真题Having decided to rent a flat, we ____contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city . 答案A) set about B) set down C) set out D) set up A。