Luciferin solution荧光素底物
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Luciferin solution
Citation information:
(HuaMin Chen et al., 2008a; H. Chen et al., 2008b)
Reagent: D-Luciferin sodium salt, Purifity>99%, MW=320.32
Solvent: ddH2O
Stock solution: 10mM store in -80℃
Preparation stock solution (10mM)
1.Weight appropriate D-luciferin sodium salt, count the volume of stock solution ( weight/320
* 103 /10 * 103 , for example 320mg, it can be prepared to 100mL 10mM D-luciferin sodium salt).
2.Sterilization by a 0.22 M filter.
3.Distribute the stock solution into 1.5ml/2.0ml centrifuge tubes.
4.Store at -80℃.
Working solution for spraying on leaves
10% Triton-100
1.dilute the stock solution 10 times, and add final concentration 0.1% Triton X-100(volume
ration), mix well(100ul 10mM stock solution, 10ul 10% Triton X-100, plus 890ul ddH2O).
2.spray the diluted working solution on plant leaves uniformly by a high pressure sprayer. Working solution in liquid system
For protoplast relative experiment, add stocking solution into protoplast buffer up to 1:200~1000(volume ratio), usually use the lowest concentration first.
Note:
Please keep in dark place at any time!
Stock solution and working solution can be stored -20℃for a month or 4℃for several days(may be the efficiency will decrease)
Chen H., Zou Y., Shang Y., Lin H., Wang Y., Cai R., . . ., Zhou J.M. (2008b) Firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay for protein-protein interactions in plants. Plant Physiol, 146, 368-376.
Chen H., Pan J., Zhao X., Zhou J. & Cai R. (2008a) Reporter-based screen for Arabidopsis mutants compromised in nonhost resistance. Chinese Science Bulletin, 53, 1027-1034.
检测时先检测hLUC的荧光,然后加入淬灭剂同时激活hRLUC的荧光;
firefly Luciferase 可以催化Luciferin氧化成Oxyluciferin,在氧化过程中会发出生物荧光(bioluminescence),发光波长为560nm;
Renilla(海肾)Luciferase可以催化Coelenterazine氧化成Coelenteramide,氧化过程中也会发出生物荧光,波长为465nm;
所发出荧光可以通过荧光测定仪也称化学发光仪(luminometer)或液闪测定仪测定Luciferase催化的氧化过程中释放的生物荧光。
Reference information
D-luciferin sodium salt
Tested and Certified for in vivo imaging (See "Luciferin FAQ" in additional information)
Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This water soluble substrate for the Firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg2+ as co-factors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain.
Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the Biotechnology field and specifically for in
vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells, or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of Luciferin allows for the real-time, non-invasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).
Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research; including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays.
Firefly Luciferin is identical to Beetle Luciferin. (See "Additional Information" for structures.)
Product Specifications:
D-Luciferin, Sodium Salt
4,5-Dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid sodium salt
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE (Premium Pure)
Formula: NaC11H7N2O3S2 · H2O
MW: 320.32 g/mol
Color: Light yellow powder
Purity: >99% pure (Quality verified by nine independent criteria including HPLC and FTIR.)
Storage/Handling: Store dessicated at -20°C. Protect from light.
PubChem Chemical ID: 23710675
荧光素钾盐或钠盐常见问题回答--美国Goldbio
1. 贵公司的荧光素可以用于动物活体实验吗?
答:可以!我们的许多客户用于动物活体实验。
我们的荧光素作用于动物活体实验的文章已经达2000篇之多。
Goldbio荧光素用于分析小鼠体内荧光素酶的例子请参看下面的图片:
2. 荧光素的纯度重要吗?
答:是的。
Goldbio荧光素是99.7%到99.8%的纯度,是目前市场上可得到的最高纯度的荧光素。
其它供应商认为98%的纯度是“足够的”,然而,这不足以满足严格的评估。
比如,假如一个荧光素只有99%的纯度(产品中含有1%的污染物)。
如果纯度不够的1g荧光素溶于缓冲液中(对于体外研究来说一个标准的稀释液),那么在缓冲液中将含有0.01g的污染物(即0.4g污染物/L)!如果按照分子量来计算那么在实验中将含有1000g/mol的污染物,那么在溶液中污染物的浓度将是400 uM,这个浓度将抑制某些酶和细胞中的生物过程,且可能会给实验结果带来偏差,并且可能会对您的动物造成伤害。
3. 甲壳虫荧光素与萤火虫荧光素之间有区别吗?
答:没有,甲壳虫荧光素与荧光虫荧光素之间没有区别。
对于结构信息而言,请参看附加信息部分的“甲壳虫vs.萤火虫荧光素”。
4. 怎样溶解荧光素钾盐或钠盐?荧光素钾盐或钠盐的稳定性怎么样?
答:一些文献上描述和一些客户告诉我们,他们溶解荧光素钾盐或钠盐于水中,然后分成等份冻存于-80℃,没有有害影响。
通常钾盐以60mg/ml的浓度溶解,然而钾盐的最高溶解度是100mg/ml(自由酸不溶于水,但以10mg/ml的浓度溶于甲醇,或以50mg/ml的浓度溶于DMSO)。
但关于溶解后的荧光素的稳定性有一些冲突的报道,溶解之后可能会带入溶液中一些氧,如果储存的话最后用排空气体的水溶解荧光素钾盐或钠盐。
对于较敏感的实验,然而为了降低实验中的可变因素(比如,低浓度的酶或不太合适的温度或盐浓度可能需要较高浓度的底物来驱动反应的完成),我们建议反应所需的试剂最好现配再用。
5. 荧光素钾盐或钠盐之间有什么区别吗?
答:荧光素钾盐与钠盐之间在应用上无差别,在物理性质上有小的差别,比如钠盐形式的荧光素某种程度上颗粒性更强一些且比钾盐形式的更溶于水。
根据文献引用的频率,钾盐形式的荧光素的使用次数是钠盐形式的3倍,且大部分研究者喜欢用钾盐形式作用于活体,但是两种盐形式的荧光素都能很好地起到同等作用。
6. 为什么在protocol里说荧光素钾盐或钠盐要溶于无Ca2+或Mg2+的PBS里?可以用其它的盐溶液溶解荧光素吗?
答:PBS或磷酸缓冲液,和Dulbecco’s磷酸缓冲液(DPBS)这些都是生物研究和细胞研究中最常用的缓冲液。
PBS/DPBS是等渗缓冲液(也就是说,跟人体兼容)。
这些缓冲液可维持稳定的pH7.2-7.6。
PBS 和DPBS之间是没有区别的,尽管DPBS是不含钙或镁。
钙和镁溶液可能抑制胰蛋白酶的活性。
另外,Mg2+在荧光素到氧化荧光素的催化过程中是一个关键的成份(并且相似地Ca2+参与腔肠素的催化)。
只要有阳离子存在的其它的盐溶液也可以用于溶解荧光素,不会干扰实验的结果或给实验靶标带来影响。