当代研究生英语课后翻译

合集下载

当代研究生英语课后close 和课后部分翻译

第一单元There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some be more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the lever of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrate by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Johen. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolate community with poor educational opportunity. John, however, was educated in home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, When they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.第二单元Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in someinteresting discoveries. Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible.Scientists have discovered that brain can make its own drugs. The brain contains a protein substance which can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity. Some may change or improve, for example, creativity, intelligence, imagination, and good memory.Chemicals found in the brain carry message. In recent years scientists have found that chemicals that affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mind. About 25 have been found so far.Today the role of chemicals and protein substance in human behavior is creating much interest. Research seems to show that they may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illness. They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies. They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain. They hold the secret to mood and emotion. Someday there may be a chemical way to create a better and more efficient brain.第三单元By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material in various representative tissue samples from infected people ,and extrapolating from these samples to the entire body ,Hasse estimates that at most 1 in 2500 cells, maybe fewer ,is infected with HIV. This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to amount for the depletion in theirnumbers that leads to AIDS.Hasse says that his own work now shows that large numbers of CD4 cells are becoming trapped in lymph tissue, and he believes that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells. In common with a number of other researchers , he also believe that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected CD4 cells by triggering abnormally high levers of cell suicide, or apoptosis—a separate process that has been a subject of research throughout the 1990s.Taken together , these findings clearly suggest that HIV keeps the immune system in a state of constant activation , and unbalances it in four ways :by trapping mature cells , by stopping the production of new cells ,by triggering abnormally high rates of apoptosis and by killing a small but significant number of new cells directly . Their combined impact leaves the immune system depleted and unable to cope with opportunistic infections.How will any of this affect treatment? Would better knowledge of the ways in which the virus disturbs the immune system enable researchers to rebuild it, broadening the depleted repertoire of CD4 cells? Roederer, at least, thinks that drugs that directly affect the immune system will be need.Others go further Jay Levy at the university of California ,San Francisco, worries that prolonged treatment with cocktails of antiviraldrugs might even the immune system and “put it to rest”, by keeping levels of HIV so low in the body that they fail to triggering any immune responses at all. This might make individuals who stop taking drugs even more vulnerable. He argues that immune—restoring treatments should be given alongside antiviral drugs. Already, some researchers are working on novel approaches such as developing genetically engineered T cells to replace lost CD4 cells.第四单元What is Globalization?Economic “globalization” is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. The term sometime also refers to the movement of people and knowledge across international borders. There are also broader culture, political and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not covered here.At its most basic, there is nothing mysterious about globalization. The term has come into common usage since the1980s, reflecting technological advances that make it easier and quicker to complete international transactions—both trade and financial lows. It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity—villagemarkets, urban industries, or financial centers.Markets promote efficiency though competition and the division of labor—the specialization that allows people and economies to focus on what they do best. Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world. It means that they can have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets. But markets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficiency are shared by all. Countries must be prepared to embrace the policies needed, and in the case of the poorest countries may need the support of the international community as they do so.第五单元Spinal CordsAgricultural and public-health experts in Britain find many other serious flaws in the government’s handling of the mad-cow epidemic. Officials waited 18 months after discovering the first cases of BSE to declare it a “notifiable” disease, requiring that all cases be reported to the authorities. They waited nearly three years to forbid use of cattle brains and spinal cords in food for humans. The government offered to compensate farmers for any suspected BES cases they destroyed –but at far less than the animal’s normal value, a rate that discouraged farmers from reporting the disease in their herds, according to critics. ”It could allhave been over in a month,” says Milstone. “It might have cost a few million pounds. But that’s a fraction of what it’s going to cost now.”Currie argues that the government likewise fumbled when it disclosed the possible link between CJD and mad-cow disease. ”If you are going to announce a health scare,” she says, “you have to announce at the same time what you are going to about it. ” The government has yet to announce any preventive measures beyond a few tightened restrictions, such as the ban on mammalian meat in cattle feed. Currie herself knows all too well how easy it is to start a public health panic; she left her post as health minister after helping touch off a scare in the winter of 1988-89 over the safety of British eggs and other farm products.第六单元Almost every American wears a watch, and, in nearly every room in an American home, there’s a clock. “Be on time.” “Don’t waste time.” “Time waits for no one.” All of these familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with promptness and efficiency. Students and employees disappoint their teacher and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to get the most out of every minute often affects behavior, making Americans impatient when they have to wait. The pressure to make every moment count sometimes makes it difficult for Americans to relax and do nothing. The desire to save time and handle work efficientlyoften leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. These range from household appliances to equipment for the office, such as calculators, photocopy machines, and computers. One such machine is the video cassette recorder, which gives Americans a new kind of control over time. Baseball fans don’t have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV because of a family birthday party. They simply videotape it. Then, for them, the Sunday afternoon game occurs on Sunday evening.第七单元Intellectual property regimes coupled with trade regulations have serious implications for third world economies. Agricultural research has developed much faster on plants than animals. And there is insufficient reason to expect that if species patents on plants are upheld, the practices of granting such patents will be restricted to them. It seems from developments so far that the blitzkrieg is inching its way to higher life forms.Protection and enforcement strategies for plant-based technology are implemented through four different forms of intellectual property : utility plants, plant patents, plant variety protection certificates and trade secrets. Since patenting provides a broader range of protection and costs less, this has potential to be preferred means of protection plant-based inventions by private companies in the US. New utility patents form more aggressive property rights than ever existed inbiological material before.Utility patents can establish property rights in board classes of organisms in radically different species as long as the organisms have the same traits and functional properties. The Harvard oncomouse patent is actually an onco mammal patent. Harvard thus owns any mammal with any recombinant canner causing gene, inserted into any mammal or its ancestors at an embryonic stage. This allows biotechnicians to patent organisms they have never actually produced.Broadly worded patent rights, or the taking out of a larger number of patents effectively suppress competition through the threat of infringement suits. On a global scale this allows patents holders to exert control on the production of a variety of agricultural commodities leading to unprecedented competitive advantage. The enormity of this possibility has led to “biocolonial” concerns in the developing world.Utility patents also prohibit farmers from the common practice of saving and using seeds from previous crops or from breeding animals, as well as restricting research exemptions. This could create a barriers to further innovation. Most nations have in place a research exemption analogous to the fair use doctrine in copyright law.第八单元Shyness is the cause of unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessivelyconcerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their mind: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person’s self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing”. Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority.They also find it difficult to be pleased by complements because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one: “You’re just saying that make me feel good. I know it’s not true.” It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with lake of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weakness aswell as strengths. For example, most people would like to be “A” students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have difficulty in some areas. People’s expectations of themselves must be realistic. Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let’s not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.课后翻译Unit21. It took several years for the virus to break out of Congo′s dense and sparsely populated jungles but ,once it did ,it marched with rebel armies through the continentˊs numerous warzones, rode with truckers from one rest-stop brothel to the next ,and eventually flew, perhaps with an air steward, to America, where it was discovered in the early 1980s.译：几年之后此病毒从刚果荒蛮浓密的丛林中爆发出来。

当代研究生英语读写教程上Unit3课文+翻译

Unit 31The first mistake is to think of mankind as a thing in itself. It isn’t.第一个错误是把人看作是某种独立的事物。

其实并不是。

It is part of an intricate web of life.人是复杂的生命网络系统中的一部分。

And we can’t think even of life as a thing in itself. It isn’t.我们甚至不能将生命本身视为某种独立的事物。

它确实不是。

It is part of the intricate structure of a planet bathed by energy from the Sun. 生命是一颗沐浴着太阳能的行星上的复杂结构的一部分。

2The Earth, in the nearly 5 billion years since it assumed approximately its present form, has undergone a vast evolution.地球自从呈目前的形状近 50 亿年以来，已经历了一场巨大的演变。

When it first came into being, it very likely lacked what we would today call an ocean and an atmosphere. 在形成的初期，地球上很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。

These were formed by the gradual outward movement of material as the solid interior settled together.当地球的内部固体紧压在一起时，物质的逐渐向外运动就形成了海洋和大气层。

3Nor were ocean, atmosphere, and solid crust independent of each other after formation. 地球形成之后，海洋、大气层以及坚固的地壳之间也并非相互独立。

当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文_嘉成制作

当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文_嘉成制作第一篇：当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文_嘉成制作当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文当代研究生英语读写教程（上）A课文译文当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文让顾客直接支付账单。

当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文一些私人组织和地方团体已经在不声不晌地建立各种标签服务系统，并建立了适合儿童的网站，如“儿童连接”、“儿童空间”等。

具有不同品味和抱有不同价值观念的人如同挑选书刊、杂志一样，可以从网上挑选出适合自己的服务机构。

如果愿意，他们还可以在网上无拘无束地逍遥漫游，完成自己的旅程。

总之，我们的社会需要发展，要发展就意味着我们必须明白，世上没有完美无缺的答案，没有能够解决各种问题的妙方，没有政府认可的安全避难所。

我们不能在地球上建立一个十全十美的社会，同样也不能在信息空间营造一个这样的社会。

但是至少我们可以有个人的选择——也有个人的责任。

当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文男孩的群体比女孩的要大，所包括的人更广泛，也更具有等级特色。

因此，男孩们势必要努力争取不在群体中处于从属地位。

这也许是为什么女人抱怨男人不听她们说话的根源之一。

当女的对男的说“你没有在听”，而男的反对说“我在听”时，常常男的是对的。

这种给人没有在听的印象是由于男女对话方式的不同而引起的。

这种不同在男女各自就位时就已表现出来了。

我对心理学家布鲁斯·多维尔录制的关于儿童与成人分别与他们的同性好友交谈时的录像带进行了研究。

研究发现，无论多大年龄的女孩和成年女性，都采取面对面的姿势，眼睛看着对方的脸。

而各种年龄的男孩和成年男子就座时，相互位置都成一定的角度，眼睛看着屋子别的地方，只有时不时瞥对方一眼。

男性这种看着别处的习惯，可能给女性一种印象，那就是他们没有在听，即使他们在听也会给人以没有在听的印象。

一个年轻的女大学生感到很失望，因为每当她告诉男朋友她想跟他谈谈时，他总是躺在地上，闭上眼睛，并用手臂挡住脸。

《当代研究生英语》1-8单元翻译和课后答案.doc

Unit 1A: formerly, embrace, artificial, regulate, precisely, unwanted, extraneous, passionate, be targeted to, at hand, be sued forB: ACBDB BBACDUnit 2A.uncovered, concurred, accompanies, frustrated, stereotype, switching, dismissed, distracted,adapted, assume, probe, subordinateB.BADB ADACUnit 3A.intricate, approximately, earthquake, versatile, isolated, reverse, as well as, interdependent,multiply, live on, kill off, out of true, qualify, (not) at all, spontaneouslyB.DABCA BCABCUnit 4A.on, up, by, in, behind, behind, through, in, out, in, on, in, by, out, up, with, down, off, away, inB.prime, constantly, at regular intervals, at arm's length, come off, got over, yielded, be put intooperation, challenging, resort to, swarming with, take inUnit 5A.find out, community, convert, make sense, ecstasy, replace, more or less, at least, intractable,make outB.BDABC BCACACloze: quantitatively, make up, at least, unlikely, even if, greater than, common-sense, turn out to be, increases, in the direction of, complaints, the Theory of Relativity, close to, so far as, not only Unit 6A.acbacabbB.singaled, steer, stand out, stand up for, secondary, stand by, steered, pulled up, pulled into,expireUnit 7A.get the better of, futility, one-way, unnerve, unscramble, chaotic, haphazardness, catch, smog,flute, depressing, nil, random, distress, institution, congregateB.DBCAB CADBC CCUnit8A. 1. boom 2.hybrid 3. executive 4. returns 5. apart from 6. unparalleled 7. bringabout 8. stillborn 9. strategy 10. subsequent 11. figure out 12. leave overB. 1. C 2.D 3. A 4. B 5. B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.D 10. Bll.A 12.C新生的亿万富翁■1最近所呈现的技术进步，新商务的欣欣何荣，以及个人财富的急剧增长是过去25年中计算机产业形成的第三次，也是最令人瞩目的一次浪潮。

[实用参考]当代研究生英语读写教程上Unit1课文+翻译

Unit1：cPberspace：ifPoudon'tloveit,leaveit信息空间：出入随愿1somethingintheAmericanpsPchelovesnewfrontiers.美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。

Wehankerafterwide-openspaces;weliketoeGplore;weliketomakerulesbutre fusetofollowthem.我们渴求宽敞的场地，我们喜欢探索，喜欢制定规章制度，却不愿去遵守。

Butinthisageit'shardtofindaplacewherePoucangoandbePourselfwithoutwor rPingaboutheneighbours.在当今时代，却很难找到一块空间，可以供你任意驰骋，又不必担心影响你的邻居。

2Thereissuchaplace:cPberspace.确实有这样一个空间，那就是信息空间。

FormerlPaplaPgroundforcomputerfans,cPberspace.FormelPaplaPgroundf orcomputerfans,cPberspacenowembraceseverPconceivableconstituencP:s choolchildren,flirtatious,singles,Hungarian-Americans,accountants.这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地，但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有，包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。

CanthePallgetalong?OrwillourfearofkidssurfingfordirtPpicturesbehindthei rbedroomdoorsprovokeacrackdown?问题是他们都能和睦相处吗?人们是否会因为害怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀?3ThefirstorderofbusinessistograspwhatcPberspaceis.首先要解决的问题是，什么是信息空间。

[实用参考]当代研究生英语读写教程课文翻译

UnitOne信息空间：出入随愿美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。

我们渴求宽敞的场地，我们喜欢探索，喜欢制定规章制度，却不愿去遵守。

在当今时代，却很难找到一块空间，可以供你任意驰骋，又不必担心影响你的邻居。

确实有这样一个空间，那就是信息空间。

这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地，但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有，包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。

问题是他们都能和睦相处吗?人们是否会因为害怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀?首先要解决的问题是，什么是信息空间。

我们可以抛开高速公路、前沿新领域等比喻，把信息空间看作一个巨大的庄园。

请记住，庄园是人们智慧的结晶，是合法的、人工营造的氛围，它建立在土地之上。

在庄园里，公园和商业中心、红灯区与学校、教堂与杂货店都能区分开来。

你可以用同样的方法把信息空间想像为一个巨大的、无边无际的虚拟庄园。

其中有些房产为私人拥有并已租出，有些是公共场所；有的场所适合儿童出入，而有些地方人们最好避开。

不幸的是，正是这些应该避开的地方使得人们心向神往。

这些地方教唆你如何制造炸弹、为你提供淫秽材料、告诉你如何窃取信用卡。

所有这些使信息空间听起来像是一个十分肮脏的地方。

正直的公民纷纷作出这样的结论：最好对它严加管理。

但是，在利用规章制度来反击下流之举之前，关键是从根本上理解信息空间的性质。

恶棍并不能在信息空间抢走毫无提防之心的儿童；信息空间也不像一台巨大的电视机，向不情愿的观众播放令人作呕的节目。

在信息空间这座庄园里，用户对他们所去之处、所见所闻、所做所为都要作出选择，一切都出于自愿。

换句话说，信息空间是个出入自便的地方，实际上，信息空间里有很多可去之处。

人们不能盲目上网，必须带着具体的目标上网。

这意味着人们可以选择去哪个网址、看什么内容。

不错，规章制度应该在群体内得以实施，但这些规章制度必须由信息空间内各个群体自己来制定，而不是由法庭或华盛顿的政客们来制定。

当代研究生英语读写教程课文翻译

当代研究生英语读写教程课文翻译Unit One 信息空间:出入随愿美国人癿内心深处具有一种酷爱掌索新领域癿气货。

我们渴求宩敞癿场地,我们喜欢掌索,喜欢制定觃章制庙,即不愿去遵守。

在弼仂时代,即征难找到一坑空间,可以供佝仸意驰骋,又不必担心影响佝癿邻屁。

确实有返样一丧空间,邁就是信息空间。

返里原朓是计算机迷癿游戏天地,但如仂变要想像得到癿各类人群应有尽有,包括少年儿竡、轻佻癿单身汉、美籍匈牊利人、会计等。

问题是他们都能呾睦相处吗?人们是否会因为宦怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上癿淫秽图片耄将它封杀? 首兇要解决癿问题是,什举是信息空间。

我们可以抙开高速公路、前沿新领域等殑喻,抂信息空间看作一丧巢大癿庄园。

请记住,庄园是人们智慧癿结晶,是吅法癿、人巟营造癿氛围,它建立在土地乀上。

在庄园里,公园呾商业丨心、红灯区不学校、教埻不杂账庖都能区分开杢。

佝可以用合样癿斱法抂信息空间想像为一丧巢大癿、无辪无际癿虚拟庄园。

其丨有亗房产为私人拥有幵工秔出, 有亗是公兯场所;有癿场所适吅儿竡出入,耄有亗地斱人们最好避开。

不并癿是,正是返亗应诠避开癿地斱你得人们心向神彽。

返亗地斱教唆佝如何制造灳弹、为佝提供淫秽杅料、告诉佝如何窃叏信用博。

所有返亗你信息空间吩起杢像是一丧十分肮脏癿地斱。

正直癿公民纷纷作出返样癿结讳:最好对它严加管理。

但是,在利用觃章制庙杢反击下流乀丼乀前,兰键是从根朓上理解信息空间癿忢货。

恱棍幵不能在信息空间抚走毫无提防乀心癿儿竡;信息空间也不像一台巢大癿电规机,向不情愿癿观众播放令人作呕癿节目。

在信息空间返庚庄园里,用户对他们所去乀处、所见所闻、所做所为都要作出逅择,一切都出二自愿。

换取话该,信息空间是丧出入自便癿地斱,实际上,信息空间里有征多可去乀处。

人们不能盲目上网,必须带着具体癿目标上网。

返意味着人们可以逅择去哪丧网址、看什举内宨。

不错,觃章制庙应诠在群体内得以实斲,但返亗觃章制庙必须由信息空间内各丧群体自巤杢制定,耄不是由法庛戒华盛顽癿政客们杢制定。

当代研究生英语读写教程上Unit4课文翻译

Unit 4THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH01In the middle of the sixteenth century, English was spoken by between four and five millions of people, and stood fifth among the European languages, with French, German, Italian, and Spanish ahead of it in that order, and Russian following. Two hundred years later, Italian had dropped behind but Russian had gone ahead, so that English was still in fifth place. By the end of the Eighteenth Century English began to move forward, and by the middle of the nineteenth it had forced its way into first place. Today it is so far in the lead that it is probably spoken by as many people as the next two languages—Russian and German combined.在16世纪中叶，有四五百万人说英语，说英语的人数在欧洲的语言中名列第五。

前四位依次是法语、德语、意大利语和西班牙语。

俄语排在英语之后。

两百年以后，意大利语排名落后，而俄语的排名靠前了，英语依然处于第五位。

到了18世纪末，英语的地位开始上升。

到19世纪中叶，英语已经跻身于第一位了。

今天，英语的地位遥遥领先，说英语的人数可能达到说后两种语言，即俄语和德语人数的总和。

当代研究英语课后翻译中英文对照版(上下册)

上册Unit1The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand.In cyberspace ,we'll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed--intellectual property content and access control,Rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in;others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another.Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper(and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identities).Those that can't survive-either because people lose interest or get scared off--will simply wither away.一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。

在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度----知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。

有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。

能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。

有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，他们将渐渐萎缩消亡。

当代研究生英语下册1-6单元TextA英汉对照版

UNIT 1 PASSAGES OF HUMAN GROWTH (I)1 A person’s life at any given time incorporates both external and internal aspects. The external system is composed of our memberships in the culture: our job, social class, family and social roles, how we present ourselves to and participate in the world. The interior realm concerns the meanings this participation has for each of us. In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system? How many parts of our personality can we live out, and what parts are we suppressing? How do we feel about our way of living in the world at any given time?1．一个人在每一特定时期内的生活都是由外部生活和内心生活这两个方面结合而成的。

外部生活是指我们在文明社会中的实际生活（对文明社会中实际活动的参与），其中包括我们的工作、社会地位、家庭生活、（担当的）社会角色、我们如何向社会展现自己，以及如何参与到社会中去等。

内心生活是指我们所参与的种种外部活动对我们个人产生的影响。

例如，我们目前的生活体系是符合我们的价值观、目标和理想呢，还是与之相违背? 我们的个性能在多大程度上得到发挥，还是受到某种程度的压抑? 在每一特定时期，我们对自己的生活方式又有何种感受?2 The inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock begin to throw a person off balance, signaling the necessity to change and move on to a new footing in the next stage of development. These crucial shifts occur throughout life, yet people consistently refuse to recognize that they possess an internal life system. Ask anyone who seems down, “Why are you feeling low?” Most will displace the inner message onto a marker event: “I’ve been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,” and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: “There is some unknown disturbance within me, and even though it’s painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.” Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years.2．正是在人的内心世界这个领域中，一些重大的和基本的转变开始使人失去自我平衡，这就意味着必须进行调整，以步人人生发展的下一个阶段。

(完整word版)当代研究生英语读写教程上Unit4课文+翻译

前四位依次是法语、德语、意大利语和西班牙语。

俄语排在英语之后。

两百年以后，意大利语排名落后，而俄语的排名靠前了，英语依然处于第五位。

到了18世纪末，英语的地位开始上升。

到19世纪中叶，英语已经跻身于第一位了。

今天，英语的地位遥遥领先，说英语的人数可能达到说后两种语言，即俄语和德语人数的总和。

当代研究生英语(下)课后翻译1-7

Unit 1 Passages of human growth（1）During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives.A third is our perception of time—do we have plenty of it, or are we beginning to feel that time is running out? Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of aliveness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action.在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙的变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；第二，当生活的各种威胁而所具有的安全感；第三，是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？最后是对自己的精力活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动的种种决定。

（2）The tasks of this passage are of to locate ourselves in a peer group role, a sex role, an anticipated occupation, an ideology or world view. As a result, we gather the impetus to leave home physically and the identity to begin leaving home emotionally. 人生这一阶段的任务是，在同齡人中，在性别角色中，在期望的职业中，以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立的位置。

当代研究生英语译文

当代研究生英语读写教程（上） A课文译文第十单元村庄(摘自《沃尔登》)1．上午锄完地，或是读书写作之后，下午我就完全无事一身轻了。

通常我会再到池塘里洗个澡，在一个小港湾游游泳，借此洗去劳动后的尘土，或者舒展开学习留下的皱纹。

每天或每隔一天，我都漫步到村庄，去听一点小道消息。

这些消息或者人口相传，或者通过报纸转载，总是在无休止地传播。

这些消息如果少量获取，便会像树叶的沙沙声或青蛙的呜叫声一样，以其特有的方式使人耳目一新。

去林中，我是为了看看那里的鸟儿和松鼠；去村庄，是为了看看那里的大人与孩童。

在村庄，我听到的不是风儿从松树林中掠过的声音，而是马车的吱嘎声。

从我小屋的一边能看见河边草地栖息的一群麝鼠。

另一边是一片榆树和梧桐树林，那下面有一个村庄，村里的人们忙忙碌碌。

我对这些人充满好奇，就好像他们是草原上的犬鼠一般。

他们各自坐在自己家门口，或者跑到邻家饶舌。

我常常到那里去观察他们的生活习惯。

2．在我看来，这个村庄就像一个巨大的新闻室。

为了维持这个新闻室，村子里还配有坚果和葡萄干，或者盐、饭食和其他食品杂货。

有些人对前一类商品，即新闻，有极大的胃口和极好的消化器官，以致可以一动不动、没完没了地坐在公共场所，让各种消息酝酿传播，就像风儿沙沙掠过耳边。

如吸人乙醚一样，这些消息只会使他们对痛苦产生麻木和冷漠，使他们毫无知觉。

若不然，听到这些消息一定会使他们感到痛楚。

我每次漫步经过村子，几乎总能看到一群此类要人，他们要么排成一排坐在梯子上晒太阳，身子前倾，眼睛时不时向两边瞅一瞅，脸上带着一种大饱眼福的神情，要么倚在谷仓上，两手插在口袋里，如同女像柱，好像支撑着谷仓似的。

由于他们常常在户外，无论有什么风声，他们都不会漏掉。

3．我发现村子里最主要的场所是杂货店、酒吧、邮局和银行。

房子的布局是成排的，两边的房子正对着。

这样，任何一个过往的人都逃不过两边的夹攻。

房子的四周都挂着各式招牌来诱惑他。

有的抓住他的胃口，比如酒店和食品店；有的抓住他的爱美之心，比如布匹店和珠宝店；有的则抓住他的头发、脚或衣服，比如鞋店或制衣店。