2018经济学人考研英文文章阅读二

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2018考研英语二真题和答案完整版

2018考研英语二真题和答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。

Choose the best word （s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。

（10 points）Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful？ Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty， according to a recent study in Psychological Science。

The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that peoplewill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 。

In a series of four experiments， behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested。

Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity。

For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment。

2018年考研英语二真题及答案：阅读理解TEXT2

2018年考研英语二真题及答案：阅读理解TEXT2店铺考研网为大家提供2018年考研英语二真题及答案：阅读理解TEXT2，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2018年考研英语二真题及答案：阅读理解TEXT2Text2While fossil fuels- coal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85 percentof theworld's energy supply,it'sclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew power sourcesgoing on line.Some growth stems from a commitment bygovernments and farsightedBusinssesto fundcleanerenergy sources.But increasinglythestoryisabout theplummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close taone-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, hedismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage apacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in par by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now. this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there's a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does-or doesn't do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word "plummeting"(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to ______A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27. According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America ______A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa,______.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost31. 答案 [B]user information解析：细节题。

2018年考研英语[二]真题和参考答案解析

2018考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evidentD.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wak e-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at a ll. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digitaleconomy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and getmore done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyone Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. I t feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could ha ppen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Tra nslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。

2018英语二阅读第四篇

2018英语二阅读第四篇英文回答：The fourth passage in the 2018 English II reading test discusses the benefits and drawbacks of using technology in the classroom. The author argues that while technology can enhance learning experiences, it also poses challenges and distractions for students. I agree with the author's viewpoint, as I believe that technology can be a valuable tool in education, but it should be used judiciously and with proper guidance.One of the advantages of using technology in the classroom is that it can make learning more interactive and engaging. For example, teachers can use multimedia presentations, online simulations, and educational apps to create a dynamic and immersive learning environment. This can help students better understand and retain information, as they can actively participate in the learning process. Additionally, technology can provide access to a vastamount of resources and information, allowing students to explore and learn beyond the confines of their textbooks.However, there are also disadvantages to relying too heavily on technology in the classroom. One major concernis the potential for distraction. With smartphones, tablets, and laptops readily available, students may be tempted to surf the internet, check social media, or play gamesinstead of focusing on their studies. This can lead to a decline in academic performance and hinder their ability to concentrate. Moreover, excessive screen time can have negative effects on students' health, such as eye strainand sedentary behavior.Another drawback of technology in education is the potential for unequal access. Not all students have equal access to technology and the internet at home, which can create a digital divide. This can further exacerbateexisting educational inequalities, as students from disadvantaged backgrounds may not be able to fully benefit from the educational opportunities provided by technology.It is important for schools and policymakers to addressthis issue and ensure that all students have equal access to technology and digital resources.To mitigate the drawbacks of technology in the classroom, it is crucial for teachers to provide guidance and establish clear rules and expectations regarding its use. For instance, teachers can set designated times for using technology and establish consequences for misuse or excessive distraction. Moreover, incorporating offline activities and discussions into lessons can help balance the use of technology and promote critical thinking and social interaction among students.In conclusion, while technology has the potential to enhance learning experiences, it also comes with challenges and distractions. It is important for educators to strike a balance and use technology judiciously in the classroom. By providing guidance and establishing clear expectations, technology can be a valuable tool in education, helping students to actively engage in the learning process and expand their knowledge and skills.中文回答：2018年英语二阅读测试的第四篇文章讨论了在课堂上使用技术的利弊。

2018考研英语二真题及答案及解析

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that peoplewiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only tha t some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would sh ock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Su bsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkb oard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says C hristopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 n ew scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final e xperiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pi cture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of followi ng through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other wo rds,don't read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise st C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.weaken C.deliver D.interrupt7. A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When8. A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change9. A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to10. A.disagree B. forgive C.forget D.discover11. A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C .persistence D.diligence14.A.self-destiuctive B.self-reliant C. self-evident D.self-deceptive15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal17. A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend18. A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty19.A. whether B.why C.where D.how20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences 1. 【答案】A【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018考研英语二真题和答案解析.

2018考研英语⼆真题和答案解析.2018年考研英语（⼆）真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [CJ or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to _1_uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2_to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will J_.In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasantstimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one _5 ________ , each participant was shown a pile of pensthat the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6_an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. _7_left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would _8_. Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, _9_the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgustingThe drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered agood instinct ⼀ it can ______ 12 new scientific advances, for instance ⼀ but sometimes such13_can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 . however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were lesslikely to _17 ________ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18offollowing through on one ’ s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don' t read online comments.5. A.trial B.message [review D.concept6. A.remove B.deliver C. weaken D.interrupt7. A.Unless B.lf C.When D.Though8. A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9. A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10. A.disagree B.forgive C.discoverD.forget11. A.pay B.food C.marriageD.schooling12. A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13. A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14. A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive15. A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16. A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17. A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretendTexllIt is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’ sa lso found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “ have that stereotype...that it * s for kids who can ’ t make it academically, ” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America' s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all ⼀and the subtle devaluing of anythingless —misses an important point:That' s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes.a bachelor ’ s degree opens moredoor s.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren ’ t equipped to do them.Koziatek’ s Ma nchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksRead the following four texts. Answer the questions beloweach text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answerson the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)overlooking a nation' s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students22. There exists the prejudice that vocationaleducation is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-skilljobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD. is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25. The author ■ s attitude toward Koziatek ’ s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal. oil. gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world * s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world： They now account for more than half of new power sources going online.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables, especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.ln Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.ln March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US. reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels ⼀ especially coal ⼀ as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36 percent of the state’ s electricity generation⼀and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question '* what happens when the wind doesn ’ t blow or the sun doesn' t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers . who are placing big bets on battery-powered electricvehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’ sa long wa y to go. the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up⼀perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington doe; energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift26. The word “plummeting” (Line 3. Para.2) is closest in meaning to.A. stabili2ingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3. the use of renewable energy in America.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challenges28.lt can be learned that in Iowa,.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsare investing in clean energya shortage of clean energy supply 29. Which ofthe following is true aboutclean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. lts application has boosted battery storage.B. lt is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. lts continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. lts sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.lt can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A. will bring the US closer to othercountriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing— Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn. but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn' t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know themakeup of the WhatsApp groups in which The resa May ’ s enemies are currentlyplotting?lt may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what. Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don * t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage ofThe product they' re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.lt doesn * t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A. digital productsC. physical assetsD. quality serviceA.worsen political disputesC.pose a risk to Facebookusers33. According to the /doc/2f18880392.htmlpetition law.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legalsolutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A. they are not defined ascustomersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generallydigitalD. the services are paid for by advertisersA.a win-win business model betweendigital giantsB.a typical competition pattern amongdigital giants。

2018考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：New banks

2018考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：New banksNew banks新兴银行Ripe for disruption扰乱时机正当时A rush of new entrants hope to shake up banking新兴银行这股狂流欲重组银行业“I PROMISE to open a bank account for a British citizen in just two minutes”, says Nazzim Ishaque brightly. With a background in IT, banking and asset management, he is submitting plans to the regulators to start a new bank called Lintel; the two-minute pledge is one of his selling points. Mr Ishaque reckons that he can do better than the existing banks, and is putting plenty of his own money where his mouth is, as part of the ￡5m ($7.5m) start-up cost. He hopes to start doing business early next year.Nazzim Ishaque明确表示：“我承诺可以两分钟内为英国人民开通银行账户。

”他从事过互联网、银行和资产管理行业，现向多家监管机构提交新建银行Lintel的计划方案，卖点之一就是两分钟开户的承诺。

Ishaque认为他可以比现有银行做得更好，而且为了更具说服力，拿出自己的大量资金投放到总数500万欧元(750万美元)的启动资金中。

他希望明年年初开始营业。

2018全国考研英语(二)真题及答案.doc

2018考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schoo l in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is d ata，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from wheretheir aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;i t is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to us e both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so mem orable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” t o the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced thatif he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to ins titute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they ex plain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。

[实用参考]2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2017年考研英语二真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonth eANSWERSHEET.(10points) Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.TodaPisnodifferent，withacademics，writers，andactivistsonceagain 1 thattechnologPisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefine dbP 2 .AfewwealthPpeoplewillownallthecapital，andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland..AdifferentandnotmutuallPeGclusive 3 holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort，one 4 bPpurposelessness：Withoutjobstogivetheirlives 5 ，peoplewillsimplPbecomelazPanddepressed.6todaP’sunemplo Peddo n’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmerican swhohavebeenunemploPedforatleastaPearreporthavingdepression，doubletheratefor7 Americans.Also，someresearchsuggeststhatthe 8 forrisingratesofmortalitP，mental-healthproblems，andaddicting9poorlP-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.PerhapsthisiswhPman P10 theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn’t 11 followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebased onthe 12 ofbeingunemploPedinasocietPbuiltontheconceptofemploPment.Inthe 13 ofwork，asocietPdesignedwithotherendsinmindcould 14 strikinglPdifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.TodaP，the 15ofworkmaP beabitoverblown.“Man Pjobsareboring，degrading，unhealthP，andawasteofhumanpotential，”sa PsJohnDanaher，alecturerattheNationalUniversitPofIrelandinGalwaP.ThesedaPs，becauseleisuretimeisrelativelP 16formostworkers，peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional 17 oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefroma harddaP’swork，Ioftenfeel 18 ，”Danahersa Ps，adding，“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork，Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself 19 ahobbPorapassionprojectwiththeintensitPusuallPreservedfor 20matters.1. [A]boasting [B]denPing [C]warning [D]ensuring2. [A]inequalitP [B]instabilitP[C]unreliabilitP [D]uncertaintP3. [A]policP [B]guideline[C]resolution [D]prediction4. [A]characterized [B]divided[C]balanced [D]measured5. [A]wisdom [B]meaning[C]glorP [D]freedom6. [A]Instead [B]Indeed [C]Thus [D]Nevertheless7. [A]rich [B]urban[C]working [D]educated8. [A]eGplanation [B]requirement[C]compensation [D]substitute9. [A]under [B]bePond[C]alongside [D]among10. [A]leavebehind [B]makeup[C]worrPabout[D]setaside11. [A]statisticallP[B]occasionallP[C]necessarilP [D]economicallP12. [A]chances [B]downsides[C]benefits [D]principles13. [A]absence [B]height[C]face [D]course14. [A]disturb [B]restore[C]eGclude [D]Pield15. [A]model [B]practice[C]virtue [D]hardship16. [A]trickP [B]lengthP[C]mPsterious [D]scarce17. [A]demands [B]standards[C]qualities [D]threats18. [A]ignored [B]tired[C]confused [D]starved19. [A]off [B]against[C]behind [D]into20. [A]technological[B]professional[C]educational [D]interpersonalSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbPchoosingA,B,CorD.MarkP ouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）TeGt1EverPSaturdaPmorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.ThePar krunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Events arefree,staffedbPthousandsofvolunteers.RunnersrangefromfourPearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesr angefromAndrewBaddeleP'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlPmpic"legacP"isfailing.TenPearsagoonMondaP,itwasa nnouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlPmpiadwouldbeinLondon.Planningdocumentspledgedthatthegr eatlegacPoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawaPfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwo uldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.ThenumberofadultsdoingweeklPsp ortdidrise,bPnearlP2millionintherun－upto20GG－butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Th eoppositionclaimsprimarPschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlPhalved.Obesit Phasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhPLondon20GGfailedto"in spireageneration."ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:PouronlPcompetitoristheclock.TheethoswelcomesanPbodP.The reisasmuchjoPoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.T heOlPmpicbidders,bPcontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes. ThedualaimwasmiGedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers. Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentallP "grassroots",conceptascommunitPsportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallPbe gettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods－makingsurethereisspaceforplaPingfieldsandthemonePtopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragin gtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggree nspaces,squeezingmonePfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofw ordP,worthPstrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Ora tleastnotmakethemworse.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas_____.A．gainedgreatpopularitPB．createdmanPjobsC．strengthenedcommunitPtiesD．becomeanofficialfestival22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlPmpic"legacP"hasfailedto_____. A．boostpopulationgrowthB．promotesportparticipationC．improvethecitP'simageD．increasesporthoursinschools23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlPmpicgamesinthatit_____.A．aimsatdiscoveringtalentsB．focusesonmasscompetitionC．doesnotemphasizeelitismD．doesnotattractfirst-timers24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould_____. A．organize"grassroots"sportseventsB．superviselocalsportsassociationsC．increasefundsforsportsclubsD．investinpublicsportsfacilities25.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis_____.A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sPmpatheticTeGt2Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it'seas P forparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Tec hisdesignedtoreallPsuckonP ouin,”sa PsJennPRadeskPinherstudPofdigitalplaP,"anddigitalproductsa retheretopromotemaGimalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintoth efamilP routine.”RadeskPhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbPgivingmother-childpairsaf ood-testingeGercise.ShefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheeGercisestarted20percentfewe rverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shes awthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamilP.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechi ldrenwouldbemakingeGcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotr Ptounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankand unresponsive—asthePoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice－itcanbeeGtremelPdisconcertingfoethechildren.RadeskP citesthe“stillfacee G periment”devisedb Pdev elopmentalpsPchologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormal waPbeforeputtingonablankeGpressionandnotgivingthemanPvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecome sincreasinglP distressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon't havetobeeGquisitelPp arentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sve rbalornonverbaleGpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saPsRadeskP.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebornouto fan“oppressiveideolog PthatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaP sbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“It’sb asedonasomewhatfantasized,verPwhite,verPupper-middle-classideologPthatsaPsifP ou’refailingtoe GposePourchildto30,000wordsP ouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tle arningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit－particularlPifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplPhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Pa rents,hesaPs,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutofthewaP.Thisca nmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.26.AccordingtoJennPRadeskP,digitalproductsaredesignedto______. A．simplifProutinemattersB．absorbuserattentionC．betterinterpersonalrelationsD．increaseworkefficiencP27.RadeskP’sfood-testingeG erciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______.A．takesawaP babies’appetiteB．distractschildren’sattentionC．slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopmentD．reducesmother-childcommunication28.RadeskP’scitesthe“stillfacee G periment”toshowthat_______. A．itiseasPforchildrentogetusedtoblankeGpressions B．verbaleGpressionsareunnecessarPforemotionaleGchange C．childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’mood D．parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds29.TheoppressiveideologPmentionedbPTronickrequiresparentsto_______. A．protectkidsfromeGposuretowildfantasiesB．teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsaPear C．ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildrenD．remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens30.AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreensma P_______.A．givetheirparentssomefreetimeB．maketheirparentsmorecreativeC．helpthemwiththeirhomeworkD．helpthembecomemoreattentiveTeGt3TodaP,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelPgotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglPhigheGpe ctationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelPoverlookthepossibilitPoftakingagapP ear.Afterall,ifeverPonePouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillPtostaPbackaPear,doesn'tit?A ndaftergoingtoschoolfor12Pears,itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendaP eardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic .ButwhilethismaP betrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngap Pears.There'salwaPsaconsta ntfearoffallingbehindeverPoneelseonthesociallP perpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetow ardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapPeardo esnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits－infact,itprobablPenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapPeararegenerallPbetter preparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapPea rpushesthemaheadbPpreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges －allthingsthatfirst-Pearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.GapPeareGperiencescanlessentheblowwhe nitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocuson academicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.IfPou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingaPearofftoeGploreinterests,thenconsideritsfin ancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearlP 80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringth ebasicmandatorPhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingo nemajorontheircollegeapplication s,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It’snotnecessari lPabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlPtomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthega me.AtBostonCollege,foreGample,PouwouldhavetocompleteaneGtraPearwerePoutoswitchtothenur singschoolfromanotherdepartment.TakingagapPeartofigurethingsoutinitiallPcanhelppreventstressa ndsavemonePlateron.31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapPearisthat_____. A．thePthinkitacademicallPmisleadingB．thePhavealotoffuntoeGpectincollegeC．itfeelsstrangetododifferentlPfromothersD．itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplPthattakingagapPearhelps_____. A．keepstudentsfrombeingunrealisticB．lowerrisksinchoosingcareersC．easefreshmen’sfinancialburdensD．relievefreshmenofpressures33.Theword“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）isclosestinmeaningto_____.A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition34.AgapPearmaPsavemonePforstudentsbPhelpingthem_____.A．avoidacademicfailuresB．establishlong-termgoalsC．switchtoanothercollegeD．decideontherightmajor35.ThemostsuitabletitleforthisteGtwouldbe_____.A．InFavoroftheGapPearB．TheABCsoftheGapPearC．TheGapPearComesBackD．TheGapPear:ADilemmaTeGt4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencPofwildfiresisanationalconcer nbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaGdollars,saPsProfessorMaGMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologPandma nagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfigh tingfires－nearlPdoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20Pearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodaParegoi ngtowardstheagencP'sotherwork－suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep－thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioni nfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelPtobelostt oawildfire?“It’salread PahugeproblemfromapubliceGpenditureperspectiveforthewholecountrP,”hesa Ps.W eneedtotakeamagnifP ingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”“Dowewantinsteadtoredirecttho sefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?”SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewaPUSsocietPtodaPviewsfire,researcherssaP.Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocus hasbeenonclimatechange－howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires. WhileclimateisakePelement,MoritzsaP s,itshouldn’tcomeatthee Gpenseoftherestoftheequation.“Thehumans Pstemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgobothwaPs,"hesa Ps.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"anoverlPsimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Our perceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverP limited.”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollPcontrolledandunleash edonlPoutofnecessitP,saPsProfessorBalchattheUniversitPofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire'sinevit ablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitas safeaspossible,shesaPs.“We’vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,”Balchsa P s.“Itisreall Pimportanttounderstandandt rPandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretodaP.”36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015theP_____. A．eGhaustedunprecedentedmanagementeffortsB．consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget C．severelPdamagedtheecologPofwesternstates D．causedahugeriseofinfrastructureeGpenditure37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifPingglass"to_____.A．raisemorefundsforfire-proneareasB．avoidtheredirectionoffederalmonePC．findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscapeD．guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds38.WhileadmittingthatclimateisakePelement,Moritznotesthat_____. A．publicdebateshavenotsettledPetB．fire-fightingconditionsareimprovingC．otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlookedD．ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace39.TheoverlPsimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto_____. A．discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature B．eGplorethemechanismofthehumansPstemsC．maGimizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife D．understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould_____.A．doawaPwithB．cometotermswithC．paPapriceforD．keepawaPfromPartBDirections：ReadthefollowingteGtandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondingi nformationintherightcolumn.TherearetwoeGtrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkPouranswers ontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlPfromDonaldTrump."Wedon'tm akeanPthinganPmore,"hetoldFoGNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-MeGicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertradede alsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing. ButthereisalsoadifferentwaPtolookatthedata.AcrossthecountrP,factorPownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingtoomanPwor kers,thePmaPendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingst lennialsmaPnotbethatinterestedi ntakingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpaP.ForfactorPowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers－andupwardpressureonwages."TheP'rehardertofindandthePhavejoboffers,"saPsJaPDunwell,presiden tofWolverineCoilSpring,afamilP-ownedfirm,"ThePmaPbecoming[intotheworkforce],buttheP'vebe enpluckedbPotherindustriesthatarealsodoinganwellasmanufacturing,"Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringin ghighschooljuniorstothefactorPsothePcangeteGposedtoitsculture. AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfathercofoun dedin1980,RobertRothkeepacloseePeontheageofhisnearlP200workers,fiveareretiringthisPear.Mr.R othhasthreecommunitP-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$1 3anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoPears.Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,PoungJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbPthecoppercoilsh e'strPingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcar eer,hesaPsathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering."Ilovew orkingwithtools.Ilovecreating."hesaPs.ButtowinoverthesePoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:parents,wholi vedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactorP. Millennials"remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.ThePblameitonthemanufacturingreces sion,"saPsBirgitKlohs,chiefeGecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencPforwesternMi chigan.Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:EmploPmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17millionin1970to 12millionin20GG.WhentherecoverPbegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.N owshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels. "Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattaketoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,"saPsRobSpohr,abusinessp rofessoratMontcalmCommunitPCollege."There'reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandother placeswherePoudon'tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthatgapinbetween,andthat'swheretheproblemis."JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunitPpointstoanotherkePtoluringMillennialsintomanufacturin g:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,PoungpeoplevaluefleGibilitP." Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.ThePreallPwanttolivetheirlives,"shesaPs.SectionIIITranslationDirections: ReadthefollowingteGtcarefullPandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Pourtra nslationshouldbewrittenneatlPontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)46.MPDreamMPdreamhasalwaPsbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.TwoPearsbefore graduatingfromsecondarPschool,ItookasewinganddesigncoursethinkingthatIwouldmoveontoafashi ondesigncourse.However,duringthatcourseIrealisedthatIwasnotgoodenoughinthisareatocompetewit hothercreativepersonalitiesinthefuture,soIdecidedthatitwasnottherightpathforme.BeforeapplPingfor universitPItoldeverPonethatIwouldstudPjournalism,becausewritingwas,andstillis,oneofmPfavourit eactivities.But,tobeabsolutelPhonest,Isaidit,becauseIthoughtthatfashionandmetogetherwasjustadre am-Iknewthatnoone,apartfrommPself,couldimaginemeinthefashionindustrPatall!SectionIVWritingPartA51Directions: SupposePouareinvitedbPProfessorWilliamstogiveapresentationaboutChineseculturetoagroupofinte rnationalstudents.WriteareplPto1）Accepttheinvitation,and2）IntroducethekePpointsofPourpresentation. PoushouldwriteneatlPontheANWSERSHEET.DonotsignP ouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)52.Directions:WritePouressaPonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Poushould1)interpretthechart,and2)givePourcomments.Poushouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)2017英语二真题解析试题精析[答案][C]warning考点：上下文语义理解解析：空格之后的宾语从句部分“technolog P isreplacinghumanworkers.”结合选项，应该选择warning。

2018年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析

2018年研究生入学考试英语（二）试题 SectionⅠ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one. Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.范文范例学习参考。

2018考研英语二真题及答案及解析

2018 年考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according toa recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the Universityof Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of f ollowing through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key t o reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In ot her words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise st C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.weaken C.deliver D.interrupt7. A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When8. A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change9. A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to10. A.disagree B. forgive C.forget D.discover11. A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C .persistence D.diligence14.A.self-destiuctive B.self-reliant C. self-evident D.self-deceptive15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal17. A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend18. A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty19.A. whether B.why C.where D.how20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences 1. 【答案】A【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018考研英语二真题与答案与解析1555

.2018 年考研英语二真题及答案分析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according toa recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one5each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects.The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the Universityof Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can12 new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such13can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of f ollowing through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term20is key t o reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In ot her words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignoreB.waitC.seekD.regretstC.misleadD.hurtB.tieC.exposeD.treatB.trialC.reviewD.conceptB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7. A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When8. A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change9. A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to10. A.disagree B. forgive C.forget D.discover11. A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C .persistence D.diligenceB.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptiveB.defineC.replaceD.traceB.overlookC.designD.conceal17.A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty19.A. whether B.why C.where D.how20.A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences1.【答案】 A【分析】句首作者提出疑问，“为何人们会读互联网的负面议论和显然很让人悲伤的其余事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“由于人们都有___不确立性的内在需求”。

考研英语真题及参考答案

2018考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.B.protectC.discussD.resolveB.seekC.waitD.regretstC.hurtD.misleadB.exposeC.tieD.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.conceptB.deliverC.weakenD.interruptB.IfC.WhenD.ThoughB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing toB.forgiveC.discoverD.forgetB.foodC.marriageD.schoolingB.rest onC.lead toD.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligenceB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructiveB.defineC.replaceD.resistB.overlookC.designD.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretendB.outcomeC.planD.dutyB.whyC.whereD.whetherB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Wo rking with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s ev olution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at a ll. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals withfina ncial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work whenyou can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. I t feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they ex plain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)①Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?②Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.③The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.①In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University Of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.②For one 5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.③The twist?④Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.①Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.②7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.③Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.①The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.②Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can12new scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such13can backfire.③The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.①Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.②In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.③These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.④“Thinking about long-term20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.⑤In other words,don't read online comments.1.[A]ignore[B]protect[C]resolve[D]discuss2.[A]seek[B]refuse[C]wait[D]regret3.[A]rise[B]hurt[C]last[D]mislead4.[A]expose[B]alert[C]tie[D]treat5.[A]concept[B]message[C]review[D]trial6.[A]deliver[B]remove[C]weaken[D]interrupt7.[A]Unless[B]When[C]If[D]Though8.[A]change[B]continue[C]happen[D]disappear9.[A]owing to[B]rather than[C]regardless of[D]such as10.[A]disagree[B]discover[C]forgive[D]forget11.[A]food[B]pay[C]marriage[D]schooling12.[A]begin with[B]lead to[C]rest on[D]learn from13.[A]diligence[B]withdrawal[C]persistence[D]inquiry14.[A]self-deceptive[B]self-reliant[C]self-destructive[D]self-evident15.[A]trace[B]define[C]resist[D]replace16.[A]conceal[B]overlook[C]predict[D]design17.[A]pretend[B]remember[C]promise[D]choose18.[A]outcome[B]relief[C]plan[D]duty19.[A]where[B]why[C]whether[D]how20.[A]limitations[B]consequences[C]investments[D]strategiesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1①It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.①Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.②He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.③When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?①As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.②Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuckwith generations of discarded chewing gum.③They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.①But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.②Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.③Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.①On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.②Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.③The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.④More education is the new principle.⑤We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.①But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.②Yes,a bachelor's degree opens more doors.③But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.④But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.①In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.②There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them.③Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.②When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of______.[A]practical ability[B]academic training[C]pioneering spirit[D]mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.[A]have a stereotyped mind[B]have no career motivation[C]are not academically successful[D]are financially disadvantaged23.We can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates______.[A]used to have big financial concerns[B]used to have more job opportunities[C]are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D]are entitled to more educational privileges24.The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all______.[A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C]is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.[A]supportive[B]tolerant[C]disappointed[D]cautiousText2①While fossil fuels—coal,oil,gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.②The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.①Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.②But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.③The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.①In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.②In Scotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95 percent of homes.③While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.④In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.①President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.②In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.③But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.①The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.②But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.①The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.②Although electric cars are still ararity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.①While there’s a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.②The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.③What Washington does —or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time ofa global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Para.2)is closest in meaning to______.[A]rising[B]falling[C]changing[D]stabilizing27.According to Paragraph3,the use of renewable energy in America_____.[A]is as extensive as in Europe[B]is progressing notably[C]has proved to be impractical[D]faces many challenges28.It can be learned that in Iowa,____.[A]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[B]there is a shortage of clean energy supply[C]tech giants are investing in clean energy[D]wind is a widely used energy source29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5& 6?[A]Its application has boosted battery storage.[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D]Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A]is not really encouraged by the US government[B]is not competitive enough with regard to its cost[C]will bring the US closer to other countries[D]will accelerate global environmental changeText3①The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service,which doesn’t have any physical product at all.②WhatWhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.①Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.②Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.③What political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?④It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.①Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy.②For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.③By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.④But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.⑤Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.⑥The users of their services are not their customers.⑦That would be the people who buy advertising from them —and Facebook and Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.①The product they’re selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.②Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.③It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship,even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its______.[A]digital products[B]quality service[C]physical assets[D]user information32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may______.[A]pose a risk to Facebook users[B]mislead the European commission[C]worsen political disputes[D]mess up customer records33.According to the author,competition law______.[A]should serve the new market powers[B]may worsen the economic imbalance[C]cannot keep pace with the changing market[D]should not provide just one legal solutionpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because______.[A]they are not financially reliable[B]they are not defined as customers[C]the services are generally digital[D]the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate______.[A]a typical competition pattern among digital giants[B]a win-win business model between digital giants[C]the benefits provided for digital giants’customers[D]the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4①To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep Work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.②Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.①Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.②“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.③Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,”he writes.①Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.②Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and golds in much more detail,day by day.①While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.②Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.①In order to make the most of our focus and energy,we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”①“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body…[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.①Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.②When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.①“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,”says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.[A]list your immediate tasks[B]make specific daily plans[C]keep to your focus time[D]seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that____.[A]daily schedules are indispensable to studying[B]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[C]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected[D]distractions may actually increase efficiency38.According to Newport,idleness is____.[A]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.[B]an effective way to save time and energy[C]a major contributor to physical health[D]a desirable mental state for busy people39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused______.[A]can result in psychological well-being[B]can bring about greater efficiency[C]is aimed at better balance in work[D]is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about______.[A]the key to eliminating distractions[B]the cause of the lack of focus time[C]ways to relieve the tension of busy life[D]approaches to getting more done in less timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.st say itB.e presentC.kip the small talkD.sk for an opinionE.ind the“me too”sF.me,places,thingsG.y a unique complimentFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.___________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere.I know the feeling and here is my advice:just get it out.Just think:what is the worst that could happen?They won't talk with you?Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will justflow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________________It’s a problem all of us face;you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and “what's going on?”,you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me,eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn't that awkward!So,remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to,the places they want to go,the things they like,the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That's it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path froma list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least50nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation,and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2018年考研英语二真题答案SectionⅠUse of English1.【答案】A2.【答案】C3.【答案】D4.【答案】C5.【答案】B6.【答案】C7.【答案】D8.【答案】A9.【答案】B10.【答案】D11.【答案】C12.【答案】D13.【答案】B14.【答案】A15.【答案】A16.【答案】A17.【答案】B18.【答案】C19.【答案】A20.【答案】DPart A Text121.【答案】C practical ability22.【答案】B are not academically successful23.【答案】C used to have more job opportunities24.【答案】D indicate the overvaluing of higher education25.【答案】A supportiveText226.【答案】C falling27.【答案】A is progressing notably28.【答案】A wind is a widely used energy source29.【答案】C its continuous supply is becoming a reality30.【答案】C is not really encouraged by the US government Text331.【答案】[B]user information32.【答案】[C]pose a risk to Facebook users33.【答案】[D]cannot keep pace with the changing market34.【答案】[D]the services are paid for by advertisers.35.【答案】[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users. Text436.【答案】[D]keep to your focus time37.【答案】[B]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38.【答案】[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.39.【答案】[A]can bring about greater efficiency.40.【答案】[A]approaches to getting more done in less time.Part B41.【答案】B42.【答案】F43.【答案】D44.【答案】G45.【答案】E。