化学专业英语试卷A答案
化工专业英语试题及答案
2014~2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试一、简单词汇翻译（每题1分，共20分）1、Alkali ( )2、sulphuric ( )3、ammonia ( )4、polymer ( )5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( ) 8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10、profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( ) 14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16、exothermic( ) 17、polycarbonate( )18、isothermal( )19、cybernetics ( ) 20、filtration( )二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.___________________________________________________________2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.___________________________________________________________3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.___________________________________________________________4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.___________________________________________________________5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.___________________________________________________________6、The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.___________________________________________________________三、化工专业名词书写（每题一分，共24分）1、加热（）2、焙烧（）3、吸收（）4、冷凝（）5、沉降（）6、结晶（）7、粉碎（）8、电解（）9、搅动（）10、离心（）11、平衡（）12、体积（）13、催化剂（）14、一（）15、二（）16、三（）17、四（）18、五（）19、六（）20、七（）21、八（）22、九、（）23、十（）24、氮基化合物（）四、表达方式运用，用括号里的单词翻译下列句子（每题5分，共20分）1、化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。
应用化学专业英语及答案
黄冈师范学院2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷考试课程：专业英语考核类型：考试A卷考试形式：闭卷出卷教师：杨一思考试专业：化学考试班级：应用化学200601 一、Translate the following into English（20 points）1.过滤2.浓缩3.结晶化4.吸附5. 蒸馏6．超临界的7.二氯甲烷8.热力学平衡9.亲电性10.表面张力11.共轭的12.酮13.平衡常数14.丙基15.丁基16.亚甲基18.环己酮19.同位素20.标准熵二、Translate the following into Chinese（20 points）1. methyl propanoate2. rate constant3. ethyl methyl ketone4. free energy5. radical intermediate6. isobutyl methyl ether7. 3-chloropropene8. primary radical9. n-propyl bromide10. bond energy 11. circulating electrons12. local magnetic fields13. tetramethylsilane14. mass to charge ratios15 phenylamine16 amide17. amine18. nucleophile19. perchlorate20. carbocation三、Translation the following into chinese （40 points）A卷【第1页共 3 页】1. We can see why benzene is stable: according to resonance theory, the more resonance forms a substance has, the more stable it is. Benzene, with two resonance forms of equal energy, is therefore more stable and less reactive than a typical alkene.2. Membranes can be defined essentially as barrier, which separates two phases and restricts transport of various chemicals in a selective manner. A membrane can be homogenous or heterogeneous, symmetric or asymmetric in structure, solid or liquid, can carry a positive or negative charge or be neutral or bipolar. Transport through a membrane can be effected by convection or by diffusion of individual molecules, induced by an electric field or concentration, pressure or temperature gradient. The membrane thickness may vary from as small as 100 micron to several mms.3. The most common industrial adsorbents are activated carbon, silica gel, and alumina, because they present enormous surface areas per unit weight.A surface already heavily contaminated by adsorbates is not likely to have much capacity for additional binding, but further heating will drive off these compounds to produce a surface with high adsorptive capacity.Temperature effects on adsorption are profound, and measurements are usually at a constant temperature. Graphs of the data are called isotherms. Most steps using adsorbents have little variation in temperature.A卷【第2页共 3 页】4. In the absence of peroxides, hydrogen bromide adds to peopene via the Markovnikov pathway to yield isopropyl bromide. In the presence of peroxides, however, the order of addition is reversed, and the product is n-propyl bromide; the addition in this case is said to be anti-Markovnikov. This is interpreted in terms of initiation of the addition reaction by bromine atom, rather than by a proton, as is the case for electrophilic addition.四、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese（20 points）1．Benzene and its derivatives can be nitrated using a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid. The temperature must be controlled to prevent more than one nitro-group going in.2. Benzene can be made to react with halogen derivatives using aluminium chloride as a catalyst. This is called a Friedel-Crafts reaction.can be sulphonated by reacting it with fuming sulphuric acid(oleum). The benzene reacts with sulphur trioxide in the oleum.benzene is converted into ethylbenzene by reacting it with ethene. The ethylbenzene (also called styrene) is used to make polystyrene.黄冈师范学院2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷参考答案及评分标准考试课程：专业英语考核类型：考试A卷考试形式：闭卷出卷教师：杨一思考试专业：化学考试班级：应用化学200601 一、Translate the following into English（20 points）2. concentrate 4. adsorption chlorideequilibriumtensionconstant14. propylmagneticresonanceentropy二、Translate the following into Chinese（20 points）1. 丙酸甲酯2. 速率常数3. 甲乙酮4. 自有能5. 自由基中间体6. 异丁基甲醚7. 3-氯丙烯8. 伯自由基9. 正丙基溴化10. 键能11.循环电子12. 局部电磁场13. 四甲基硅烷14. 质荷比15.苯胺16.氨基化合物17.胺18亲核试剂19.高氯酸盐20.碳正离子三、Translation the following into chinese （50 points）1．依据共振理论，物质具有的共振式越多就越稳定。
大学化学化工专业《英语》期末考试试卷含参考答案
大学化学化工专业《英语》期末考试试卷含参考答案1. state-of-the-industry 中文：工业发展水平（1分）2. alkyl ether sulfate中文：烷基醚硫酸盐（酯）（1.5分）3. W/O 英文： water in oil，(oil emulsion) ；中文：油乳胶（油包水）（1.5分）4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式：（4分）5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文： Hydrophoby ；中文：疏水性（亲油性） (1.5分) 6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文： Wetting agent ；中文：润湿剂 (1.5分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文： Detergency ；中文：去污性（力） (1.5分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文： Signal attribute ；中文：信号属性 (1.5分) 9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文： ammonia ；中文：氨气 (2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文： Carbon dioxide ；中文：二氧化碳 (2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文： Fluorine ；中文：氟 (2分)12. KH2PO4 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) (3.5分)15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al (7.5分) 16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文：这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。
化学专业《专业英语》试卷(A 卷)
化学与环境学院2013/2014学年第（1）学期期末考试试卷《专业英语》试卷（A 卷）专业年级班级姓名学号一、单词短语中译英（每小题1分，共10分）1.无机化学_____________2.二氧化碳_____________3.配体_____________4.同分异构体___________5.氯化钠_____________6.酸和碱__________7.摘要___________8.离子键_____________ 9.甲苯_____________10.电子_____________二、单词短语英译中（每小题1分，共15分）(1) carbonate__________ (2) monoxide__________ (3) amino acid__________(4) aromatic__________ (5) protein__________ (6) covalent bond_________(7) raw material__________ (8) chemical shift _________ (9) solute __________(10) oxygen__________ (11) monatomic__________ (12) polymer__________(13) pesticide__________ (14) detergent__________ (15) donor__________(16) nuclear magnetic resonance __________ (17) alkali metal__________(18) geochemistry__________ (19) electrode__________ (20) alkene__________二、阅读理解：（本题共3篇短文，15个小题，根据短文内容从各题的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答案代码填入题后的括号内。
初中化学英语试题及答案
初中化学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个元素的符号是正确的？A. O2B. H2OC. HeD. NaCl2. 化学方程式2H2 + O2 → 2H2O表示的是什么过程？A. 蒸发B. 沉淀C. 燃烧D. 蒸馏3. 元素周期表中，氧元素位于哪个周期？A. 第一周期B. 第二周期C. 第三周期D. 第四周期4. 以下哪个是化合物？A. 氢气B. 氧气C. 水D. 氮气5. 以下哪个是化学变化？A. 冰融化成水B. 水蒸发成水蒸气C. 铁生锈D. 木头燃烧6. 以下哪个是物理变化？A. 铁生锈B. 木头燃烧C. 糖溶解在水中D. 铁和硫酸反应生成硫酸铁7. 以下哪个是化学性质？A. 颜色B. 状态C. 可燃性D. 密度8. 以下哪个是物理性质？A. 可燃性B. 导电性C. 颜色D. 密度9. 以下哪个是酸？A. 碳酸氢钠B. 硫酸C. 氢氧化钠D. 碳酸钠10. 以下哪个是碱？A. 碳酸氢钠B. 硫酸C. 氢氧化钠D. 碳酸钠二、填空题（每题3分，共30分）1. 元素周期表中，氢元素的原子序数是______。
2. 氧气的化学式是______。
3. 铁的化学符号是______。
4. 化合物H2O的中文名是______。
5. 化学方程式CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O表示的化学反应是______。
6. 元素周期表中，钠元素位于第______周期。
7. 以下化合物中，______是盐。
A. 碳酸氢钠B. 硫酸C. 氢氧化钠D. 碳酸钠8. 以下物质中，______是单质。
A. 氢气B. 氧气C. 水D. 氮气9. 以下物质中，______是氧化物。
A. 氢气B. 氧气C. 水D. 氮气10. 以下物质中，______是碱。
A. 碳酸氢钠B. 硫酸C. 氢氧化钠D. 碳酸钠三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 描述什么是氧化还原反应，并给出一个例子。
2. 解释什么是酸碱中和反应，并给出一个方程式。
化学英语考试卷及答案
第1页，共4页第2页，共4页任课教师签名：刘生桂 命题教师签名：刘生桂 系主任签名： 主管院长签名：湛江师范学院2010年－ 2011学年度第1学期期末考试试题(考试时间: 120 分钟)考试科目：化学专业英语一 词汇题 (20分)1 无机化学 Inorganic chemistry 11 结晶 crystal2 配位化学 coordination chemistry 12 室温 room temperature3 酸 acid 13 回流 reflux 4碱 alkali 14 克 gram5 氧气 oxygen gas 15 臭氧 ozon6 氮气 nitrogen gas 16 摘要 summary7 烧杯 beaker 17 结果 result8 试管 test tube 18 蒸发 evaporation9 酒精灯 spirit lamp 19 蒸馏 distillation 10 纯化 purification 20 甲烷 methane二 翻译题 （共60分）1 if you decide to go into agriculture, you will need to know about fertilizersandpesticides,as well as animal nutrition. Even if you enter some profession thatseems to have no connection with chemistry, such as law, you will find a knowledge of chemistry very wyers freguently have to deal with patents that concern chemical inventions.Some members of the U.S. Congress have had extensive chemical training,which gives them a great advantage in discussions of enviromental pollution, nuclear energy,the regulations of the Food and Drug Administration, and in other legislation that concerns scientific matters.如果你决定进入农业,你需要知道化肥和杀虫剂,以及动物营养。
2020-2021某大学《化学专业英语》期末课程考试试卷(含答案)
《化学专业英语》期末课程考试试卷考试所需时间：120分钟适用专业：应用化学总分：100分PartⅠ、Choice（28×1.5=42）1 How many neutrons are present in an atom of tin that has the atomic number 50 and a mass number of 119?A. 50B.69C. 119D. 1692. Isotopes of an element differ in their ____.A. atomic numbersB. electron configurationsC. number of protonsD. masses3. Atomic masses for elements shown on the periodic table are not expressed as whole numbers because __A. the number of protons in an atom of an element variesB. atoms may gain or lose electrons during a chemical reactionC. they represent weighted averages of the isotopes of that atomD. scientists cannot measure the masses of atoms with great precision4. Group 17 elements, the halogens, are the most reactive of the nonmetals because they ____.A. are the farthest to the right of the periodic tableB. require only one electron to form the stable configurations of the noble gasesC. have the largest atomic radiiD. have the greatest ionization energies5.In the modem periodic table, elements are ordered ac-cording to ____.A. decreasing atomic massB. Mendeleev's original designC. increasing atomic numberD. when they were discovered6.The energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom as you move left to right across the period, from Na through to Cl, ___.A. generally increasesB. generally decreasesC. does not changeD. varies unpredictably7.Which of the following is the correct formula for iron (III) sulfate? ____.A. Fe3SO4C. Fe3(SO4)2B. Fe2(SO4)3D. 3FeSO48. The electroneutrality principle ____.A. states that the number of cations equals the number of anionsB. is demonstrated in any polyatomic ionC. states that the net charge on a binary ionic com-pound is zeroD. all of the above9. The correct name for NH4NO3is ____.A. ammonium carbonateB. ammonium hydroxideC. ammonium acetateD. ammonium nitrate10. When an acid reacts with a metal, ____A.the hydronium ion concentration increasesB.the metal forms anionsC.water is producedD.the pH value decreases11.Which of the following is a binary acid ?A. H2O B. H3PO4C. H2SO4D. HCl12.Which of the following solutions would have a pH value greater than 7 ?A.[OH-]=2.4×10-2MB.[H3O+]=1.53×10-4MC.0.0001M HClD.[OH-]=4.41×10-11M13.If the empirical formula of a compound is known, thenA. its true formula is also knownB. its percentage composition can be calculatedC. the arrangement of its atoms is also knownD. the percentage water in the compound can be determined14.The units for molar mass are ___A. g/mol C. g/atomsB. atoms/mol D. mol/g15.Which of the following compounds has the highest percentage composition of oxygen?A. CH4O C. H2OB CO2 D. Na2CO316.Pressure can be measured in ___A. grams C. pascalsB. meters D. liters17.A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 150 mL when its pressure is 0.947 atm. If the pressure is increased to 0. 987 atm and the temperature remains constant, the new gas volume will be ___A. 140 mL C. 200 mLB. 160 mL D. 240 mL18.A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 752 mL at 25℃. What volume will the gas occupy at 500℃ if the pressure remains constant? ___A. 694 mL C. 815 mLB. 752 mL D. 955 mL19.Potatoes will cook faster at sea level than at higher altitudes because the water used to cook them willA. be boiling more rapidlyB. boil at a lower temperatureC. increase in temperature while boilingD. boil at a higher temperature20.If the temperature outside is 26℃,then the temperature would be ____ kelvins.A. 26 C. 299B. 273 D. -24721. If the empirical formula of a compound is known, thenA. its true formula is also knownB. its percentage composition can be calculatedC. the arrangement of its atoms is also knownD. the percentage water in the compound can be determined22.Examine the following skeletal structure:OHOThe correct chemical formula for this compound isA. C2H4O2C. C5H8O2B. C5H4O2D. CHO23.Identify the following reactions as either reduction or oxidation. Indicate whether they occur at the cathode or anode. A. Ra(s) →Ra2+(aq) + 2e-B. Hg22+(aq) + 2e-→2Hg(l)C. Pb(s) + SO42-(aq) →PbSO4(s) + 2e-D. O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e-→4OH-(aq)24.In the following reaction, which species is being reduced?2K+Br2→2K++2Br-A. K only C. both K and Br2B. Br2only D. neither K nor Br225.The electrode at which reduction occurs is ____.A. always the anodeB. always the cathodeC. either the anode or the cathodeD. always the half-cell26. Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, or a similar substance is added to water that is to be electrolyzed in order to ____.A. react with the waterB. keep the electrode cleanC. provide adequate conductivityD. supply energy27.If an exothermic reaction has reached equilibrium, increasing the temperature willA. favor the forward reactionB. favor the reverse reactionC. favor both the forward and reverse reactionD. have no effect on the equilibrium28 Consider the following reaction:COBr2(g) →CO(g) + Br2(g)At 73°C , the Keqvalue for this reaction is 0.190. This Keqvalue indicates that ____.A. the reverse reaction is favoredB. the forward reaction is favoredC. the reaction has reached equilibriumD. the concentrations of CO(g) and Br2(g) are greater than theconcentration of Br2(Part Ⅱ common skill (20×0.5=10)1.write out the English speaking of the following symbol s(1).Mg(OH)2(2)↓→+++3223CaCOCaCO (3).log n x(4).nX(5).−−→−∆,Cu (6). X -8 (7). 1235(8). 3:2 (9). ± (10).100℃2.write out the chemical Chinese meaning of the followingabbreviation(1).alc. (2).amt. (3).A ·P (4).app. (5).contg. (6).C ·P (7).detn. (8).fig. (9).L-R (10).resp.Part Ⅲ Write out IUPAC naming of the following organic matter in English ( 1.5×8=12)CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3⑴ C H 3CH 3CH 3CH 3⑵CH 2CH 3⑶C H 3CH 3H 3OH ⑷CH 3O CH 3⑸CH 3CH 3O⑹CH 3OHO ⑺CH 32O⑻Part Ⅳ write out English name of the following chemical elements(1×10)H B C N O F Si S K ClPart Ⅴ Translate the following passages into Chinese (2×8+1×10=26)Passage one : Certain membranes made of an animal bladder, a slice ofvegetable tissue, or a piece of parchment, act as a barrier between twosolutions, and simultaneously allow specific types of molecules. These are called semipermeable membranes. Semipermeable membranes that allow passage of solvent molecules but do not allow passage of solute molecules or ions are called osmotic membranes. If a NaCl solution is separated from pure water by an osmotic membrane, H 2O molecules spontaneously penetrate the membrane from both directions; however, passage across the membrane from the pure water side is faster than passage across the membrane from the solution side. The net result is exactly like that illustrated already previously and involves a net transfer of H 2O from the pure water side of the membrane to the solution side of the membrane. The passage of solvent molecules from a region with little or no dissolved solute, through an osmotic membrane, to a region with more dissolved solute is called osmosis.Passage two: As in ionic bonding and covalent bonding, outer shell electrons are responsible foe bonding between metal atoms. However, it is unreasonable to assume that ionic bonds occur between metal atoms since all the atoms are alike and no single atom would give up electrons to another atom. Covalent bonding between metal atoms is almost as unreasonable because not enough outer shell electrons are available for as many shared-pair bonds as each metal atom seems to form. Instead, a metallic lattice consists of a regular array of positive ions immersed in a cloud of highly mobile outer shell electrons. Metals have relatively low ionization energies or relatively loose holds on their outer shell electrons. These electrons are free to move throughout the metallic lattice. Metallic bonding results from attraction between the positive ions and the cloud of negative electrons. Such attractive forces are weaker than ionic or covalent bonding forces. Thus, many metals are soft and fairly low melting. Potassium is soft enough to be cut with a knife and melt at 68.7℃. On the other hand, some of the transition metals, where significant covalent character is superimposed on the metallic lattice, are hard and high melting.Tungsten is very hard and melts at about 3410℃Passage three: Major branches of Chemistry .The body of knowledge about chemicals and chemical reactions is so vast that for convenience chemists have divided the study of chemistry into several major branches: l. Analytical chemistry: The study of what types of elements and compounds are present in a sample of matter — called qualitative analysis — and how much of each element and compound is present in a sample of matter — called quantitative analysis.2. Physical chemistry: The study of the scientific laws and theories that attempt to describe and explain the structure of matter, the chemical bonds that hold matter together, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy involved in these changes.3. Organic chemistry: The study of the properties and reactions of hydrocarbons, compounds containing only the elements carbon and hydrogen, and other compounds derived from hydrocarbons that contain one or more other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine. About4.9 million of the 5 million officially identified compounds are classified as organic compounds—explaining why an entire branch of chemistry is devoted to studying these compounds4. Inorganic chemistry: The study of all elements and the properties and reactions of the compounds not classified as organic compounds.5. Biochemistry: The study of the properties and reactions of compounds found in living organisms and those that are important to living organisms.These branches make it easier to study chemistry. Real chemistry, however, almost always involves a blend of information and ideas from most — if not all — of these branches. This book is concerned with general chemistry — a survey and introduction to all the major branches of chemistry except biochemistry.2020-2021《化学专业英语》期末课程考试试卷答案PartⅠ、Choice（28×1.5=42 points）（按顺序填入答案）1—5题 ADCAC 6—10题 ABBCB11—15题 CABAC 16—20题 CACDC 21—25题 CACBA 26—28题 CBA Part Ⅱ1.(1) Magnesium hydroxide(2) Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperatureand pressure with the presence of a catalyst.(3) Log x to the base n.(4) The nth root of x.(5) Calcium carbonate when heated produces calcium oxide and carbondioxide.(6) X to the minus eighth (power).(7) Five over one hundred and twenty_three.(8) The ratio of two to three.(9) Plus and minus.(10) One (a) hundred degrees Centigrade.2. （1）醇（2）量（3）分析纯（4）装置（5）含有。
化学化工英语试题及答案
化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案：B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案：B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案：A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案：D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案：A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案：B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案：Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案：0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案：base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案：atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案：separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案：chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案：synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案：moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案：sublimation三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案：Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案：A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案：The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。
化学英语考试题及答案
化学英语考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?A. OB. OHC. H2OD. O22. Which of the following is not a basic unit of a chemical element?A. AtomB. MoleculeC. ProtonD. Electron3. What is the law of conservation of mass?A. Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.B. Mass is always created in a chemical reaction.C. Mass is always destroyed in a chemical reaction.D. None of the above.4. What is the correct chemical formula for water?A. H2OB. H2O2C. O2HD. OH-5. Which of the following is a noble gas?A. Oxygen (O)B. Helium (He)C. Carbon (C)D. Nitrogen (N)6. What is the valency of hydrogen in the compound HCl?A. +1B. -1C. +2D. -27. Which of the following is a compound?A. Oxygen gas (O2)B. Carbon dioxide (CO2)C. Hydrogen gas (H2)D. Nitrogen gas (N2)8. What is the common name for the chemical NaCl?A. SodiumB. ChlorineC. Table saltD. Baking soda9. What is the atomic number of carbon?A. 6B. 16C. 12D. 810. What is the process of a substance changing from a solidto a liquid state called?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The chemical equation for the combustion of methane is__________.Answer: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O12. The symbol for the element with atomic number 17 is__________.Answer: Cl13. The process of a substance changing from a liquid to agas is known as __________.Answer: Vaporization14. The chemical formula for calcium carbonate is __________. Answer: CaCO315. The valency of chlorine in the compound KCl is __________. Answer: -116. The noble gas that is used in balloons is __________.Answer: Helium (He)17. The atomic number of oxygen is __________.Answer: 818. The process of a substance changing from a gas to aliquid is known as __________.Answer: Condensation19. The chemical symbol for the element with the highest atomic mass is __________.Answer: Og (Oganesson)20. The law that states the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction is known as the __________.Answer: Law of Conservation of Mass三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. Explain the difference between a pure substance and a mixture.Answer: A pure substance consists of a single type of particle, while a mixture is composed of two or moredifferent substances that are not chemically combined.22. What is an acid and what are its properties?Answer: An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Properties of acids include a sour taste, the ability to change the color of certain indicators, and the ability to react with bases to form salts and water.23. Describe the process of photosynthesis.Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigments. It involves theconversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen in the presence of light energy.24. What is a chemical equilibrium and how is it represented? Answer: Chemical equilibrium is the state in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products. It is represented by the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, which is the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients.四、计算题（每题5分，共10分）25. If 10 grams of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) are dissolved in water and reacted with an excess of hydrochloric acid (HCl), calculate the volume。
化学化工专业英语试卷
8. oxidation reaction：9. organic chemistry： element：enough area to meritanother separate aritcle. 2．In contrast to inorganiccompounds, the molecularattraction of organiccompounds is weak, soorganic compounds areusually volatile andpossess low meltingpoints.3．Benzene can undergo the typical substitutionreactions ofhalogenation,nitration,sulphonation andFriedel-Craftsreaction. 4．Evaporation is conducted by vaporizing a portion ofthe solvent to produce aconcentrated solution orthick liquor.5．The presence of a substituent group inbenzene exerts aprofound control overboth orientation and theease of introduction ofthe enteringsubstituent.6．The functional group of a ketone consists of acarbon atom connected by adouble bond to an oxygenatom.7．At equilibrium, these two rate are equal; cupricion is still reactingwith ammonia moleculesto form the complex, andthe complex is stilldecomposing, but just asmuch cupric ammoniacomplex is beingdecomposed in unit timeas is being formed. 8．The reaction of an acid chloride with an amine isused commercially in themanufacture of the veryimportant range ofsemi-syntheticpenicilings,firstproduced by the BeechanGroup in 1959. 9．Thus satisfactory binding propertise are essentialfor trouble-freecompression and theproduction of goodquality cakes over longmanufacturing periods. 10．The synthesis of organic compounds involvesconversion ofavailable substancesof known structure,through a sequence ofparticular,controlled chemicalreactions, into othercompounds bearing adesired molecularstructure.The active ingredients were identified in the unsaponifiable fraction of this vegetable product. After solvent extraction and drying, the pure unsaponifiables are obtained in the form of a waxy solid. This waxy solid is then redissolved in untreated shea butter toincrease the unsaponifiable content and thus lead to the unsaponifiable shea butter concentrate. Used in cosmetics at levels of up to 2%,it provides excellent protection against sunlight and skin dryness.Another example is the extract of the kola nut, known for its anti-irritant properties. As available in the market, it has an objectionable color and odor . At Estee Lauder, we analyzed and separated itsconstituents, identified the individual componentswith anti-irritant properties, and recombined them in the most effective ratio. In the process , objectionable color and odor were removed and possible allergens（过敏原） eliminated. All this indicates that cosmetics formulated with plantextracts today can be more effective and , at the same time, more elegant than 10 or 20 years ago.采用一种简单、可靠并且有效的气相色谱法，来同时测定草药鱼腥草和鱼腥草注射液中8种活性组分的含量。
化学专业英语试卷A答案
2012—2013学年度第一学期应用化学专业《专业英语》课程试卷（A ）注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置；2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题。
一、词汇填空 （写出下列每个词汇对应的英汉单词）（共20小题，每空1分，共20分）1、化学性质 （chemical property ）2、物理性质 （physical property ）3、溶解度 （solubility ）4、密度 （density ）5、沸点 （boiling point ）6、熔点 （melting point ）7、反应 （reaction ）8、无机的 （inorganic ）9、有机的 （organic ）10、化合物 （compound ）11、烷烃 （alkane ）12、乙醇 （ethanol ）13、烯烃 （alkene ）14、炔烃（alkyne ）15、ester （ 酯 ）16、ether （ 醚 ）17、acetone （ 丙酮 ）18、formaldehyde （ 甲醛 ）19、ammonia （ 氨 ）20、benzene （ 苯 ）二、给下列无机化合物的英语名称（共10小题, 每小题2分，共20分）1、CaO calcium oxide2、HClO 4 perchloric acid3、CuSO 4 copper sulfate4、NaBr sodium bromide5、NaCl sodium chloride6、HNO 3 nitric acid7、HNO 2 nitrous acid8、Al 2O 3 aluminum oxide9、KNO 3 potassium nitrate10、FeBr 3 ferric bromide三、给下列有机化合物的英语名称（共5小题, 每小题4分，共20分）1.辛烷octane=CHCH 2CH 31-butenebutanolethyl methyl ether(CH2)4 CO2Hhexanoic acid四、英译汉（共10小题, 每小题4分，共40分）1、The properties of substances are their characteristicqualities. The physical properties are those properties ofa substance that can be observed without changing the substance intoother substances.物质的性质是它们的特别品质。
浙江大学应用化学专业大一《综合英语四》考试A卷及答案
综合英语四考试试卷适用于 考试日期： 试卷所需时间：120分钟 闭卷；A 卷；试卷总分：100分。
Part I Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Please write the answer on the Answer Sheet .Passage 1Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: thelonging for love, the search for knowledge, and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy -- ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness -- that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what -- at least -- I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can ’t, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.1. What rhetorical device does the author use in the first paragraph? A) Hyperbole and simile. B) personification and hyperbole. C) parallelism, simile and metaphor. D) All of the above.2. For how many reasons has the author sought love?A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4.3. The reason why the author mentions Pythagorean power is ____________ A) to substantiate his viewpoint B) that he is a mathematicianC) to show his talent in mathematicsD) that this essay is based on Pythagorean theory 4. Why does the author say he suffers too? A) Because he is homeless. B) Because he is ill.C) Because he cannot alleviate all the evil that he hates.D) Because he does not have enough money to support the poor. 5. What is the basic tone for the whole passage?A) Critical. B) Ironic. C) Pathetic. D) Passionate. Passage 2Since Tiger was so fortunate with the game of golf, he decided to start a foundation called: The Tiger Woods Foundation which starts schools in urban American cities that provided an education for less fortunate kids. Tiger also supports and donates money to The First Tee program. The First Tee program’s goal is to provide learning facilities and educational programs that promote character development and life enhancing values through the game of golf. Tiger himself has also been an idol or hero for many kids around the world because of his dominance and records throughout his golfing career. Because of this many kids have started learning the game of golf.Tiger ’s real first name is Eldrick. He was born on December 30, 1975 and grew up in Cypress California. He began taking an interest in golf when he was just six months old. He would watch his dad, Earl, hit golf balls into a net and would try to copy his swing. He was given the nickname Tiger after a Vietnamese soldier and friend of his father. Tiger Woods appeared on TV practicing his swing at the age of two and by the time he was three, he had already shot a 48 on a nine-hole course. When he was five, the golf world began to take notice of Tiger and he was featured on the cover of Golf Digest. Tiger Woods was just 16 and still in high school when he played in his first professional golf tournament - the Nissan Los Angeles Open. Two years later, he went to college at Stanford University where he won ten collegiate events and the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) title. While he appeared in only a handful of professional tournaments during his years in college, it wasn’t long before Tiger Woods would be winning pro events at a ridiculous rate.Tiger Woods, who is now 28 years old, has had an amazing career since becoming a pro golfer in 1996. He has won 53 worldwide tournaments, 40 of those wins were on the PGA TOUR, including eight major championships: the 1997, 2001, and 2002 Masters, the 1999 and 2000 PGA Championships, the 2000 and 2002 U.S. Open Championship and the 2000 British Open. Tiger has now won an incredible 9 out of 16 World Golf Championship events he has played in.Tiger relates to the book because he is a hero to others near and far. People around the world notice his dedication, time spent working to perfect his game, his fitness routines and since he is young, all the kids like that. Even if you didn’t play golf, you would know who Tiger is and he has influenced many people to take up the game and learn more than just how to play: to learn the integrity and rules which also help you in life.To wrap things up, Tiger Woods started the game at a young age and set many records that may never be broken and has changed the game forever. He’s a hero, incredible golfer, and a generous giving man. He works hard at everything he does and gives back whenever he can. That is why I chose Tiger to be my hero.院系： 班级： 姓名： 学号： 装 订 线6. Which of the following statements about Tiger is TRUE?A) He played in his first professional golf contest in 1992.B) He got the name Tiger from his father.C) He became a professional golfer when he was 16 years old.D) He drew the attention of other golf players in 1983.7. When did the author write the passage?A) 2002. B) 2003. C) 2005. D) Unknown.8. Why does the author adore Tiger Woods?A) He is young. B) He dedicates himself to golf.C) He donates money to others. D) B and C.9. In which way did the author write the passage?A) Ironic. B) Objective. C) Subjective. D) Exaggerated.10. What might be the best title for the passage?A) Tiger Woods B) The world’s Best GolferC) The Brightest Sports Star D) Sports Hero: Tiger WoodsPassage 340 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwing Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwing Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able-bodied.Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.11. The first games for the disabled were held _______ after Sir Ludwing Guttmannarrived in England.A) 40 years B) 21 yearsC) 10 years D) 9 years12. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in_______.A) New York B) LondonC) Rome D) Los Angeles13. In Paragraph 3, the word “athletes” means _______.A) people who support the games B) people who watch the gamesC) people who organize the games D) people who compete in the games14. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) Sir Ludwing Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.B) Sir ludwing Guttmann is an injured soldier.C) Sir Ludwing Guttmann is from Germany.D) Sir Ludwing Guttmann is welcomed by the British government.15. From the passage, we may conclude that the writer is _______.A) one of the organizers of the games for the disabledB) a disabled person who once took part in the gamesC) against holding the games for the disabledD) in favor of holding the games for the disabledPassage 4Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual. They contain the history of our race, the discoveries we have made, the accumulated knowledge and experience of ages. They picture for us the marvels and beauties of nature, help us in our difficulties, comfort us in sorrow and in suffering, change hours of weariness into moments of delight, store our minds with ideas, fill them with good and happy thoughts, and lift us out of and above ourselves.Many of those who have had, as we say, all that this world can give, have yet told us they owed much of their purest happiness to books. Aseham, in “The Schoolmaster,” tells a touching story of his last visit to Lady Jane Grey. He found her sitting in an oriel window reading Plato’s beautiful account of the death of Socrates. Her father and mother were hunting in the park. The hounds were in full cry and their voices came in through the open window. He expressed his surprise that she had not joined them. But, said she, “I wish that all their pleasure in the park is but a shadow to the pleasure I find in Plato.”Macaulay had wealth and fame, rank and power, and yet he tells us in his biography that he owed the happiest hours of his life to books. In a charming letter to a little girl, he says: “Thank you for your very pretty letter. I am always glad to make my little girl happy, and nothing pleases me so much as to see that she likes books, for when she is as old as I am, she will find that they are better than all the tarts and cakes, toys and plays, and sights in the world. If any one would make me the greatest king that ever lived, with palaces and gardens and fine dinners, and wines and coaches, and beautiful clothes, and hundreds of servants, on condition that I should not read books, I would not be a king. I would rather be a poor man in a garret with plenty of books than a king who did not love reading.”Books, indeed, endow us with a whole enchanted palace of thoughts. “There is a wider prospect,” says Jean Paul Richter, “from Parnassus than from a throne.” In one way they give us an even more vivid idea than the actual reality, just as reflections are often more beautiful than real nature. “All are mirrors,”says George Macdonald. “The commonest room is a room in a poem when I look in the glass.”Precious and priceless are the blessings which the books scatter around our daily paths. We walk, in imagination, with the noblest spirits, through the most sublime and enchanting regions.16. This passage argues that _______.A)books are the memory of an individualB)books can tell us what kind of memory an individual hasC)human beings need books just as an individual needs memoryD)an individual needs books to help him memorize what has happened17. According to the passage, books can _______.A) change our mood B) change the time-schedule of our activityC) improve our social position D) keep us in sadness18. Lady Jane Grey _______.A)saw her parents hunting in the shadow in the parkB)knew that her parents enjoyed hunting in the shadowC)believed that her parents’ pleasure in hun ting was inferior to hers in reading PlatoD)enjoyed sitting in the shadow near window opening to a park while reading Plato’sworks19. It can be inferred from this passage that Macaulay _______.A)used to be a kingB)is very poor now because he likes books more than wealth and powerC)likes his little girl because she always wears a smile on her faceD)finds real happiness in reading books20. What is the major topic of this passage?A) Books and human beings. B) The delight of books.C) Books and memory. D) The blessings in the books.Part II Vocabulary and Structure 20%Directions: For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Please write the answer on the Answer Sheet.1. A man who has made so many mistakes can’t afford to _________ the corrections ofhis friends.A) ignore B) slight C) despise D) contempt2.All the countries and regions with developed market economies have maturechambers of commerce and industry（工商业联合会）, and these organizations are playing _________ roles in the market economy system.A) replaceable B) irreplaceable C) substitutable D) changeable3.The wonderful world which lies before us today has been _________ by hardworkingmen with clear heads and inventive genius.A) built in B) built into C) built up D) built on4.We hope children can have a healthy body and optimistic attitude that they candevelop a _________ and positive outlook on life.A) softened B) lighthearted C) delighted D) curious5.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _________a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A) no more B) not more C) even more D) much more6.How _________ it was of Miss Brown not to worry you when you had so many thingsto do!A) considerable B) consideration C) considerate D) considering 7.No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared yourspeech, such a noisy reception as that is _________ to be very off-putting.A) liable B) apt C) opt D) supposed8.There was quite a _________ crowd at the match on Saturday. It must have been anexciting match.A) respectful B) respective C) respectable D) respecting9.She had been restraining herself in the presence of her father all the morning; but now,that long-pent-up _________ might come forth.A) shout B) weep C) burst D) sob10.The _________ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research andteaching, particularly between researchers and teachers.A) intensive B) concise C) joint D) overall11.Valuable manuscripts were saved from deterioration under the program of library_________.A) reservation B) conservation C) preserve D) maintenance12.He didn’t get involved in the business with the man, _________ he accused of lying.A) that B) as C) when D) whom13.Lower tariffs (关税) and the growth of population and industry caused trade to_________ in the 19th century.A) soar B) ascend C) hover D) glide14.Equal employment shall be accorded to all qualified individuals without _________ tocolor or sex.A) consider B) regard C) respect D) regardless15.The drunk was _________ clear-headed to observe the truck’s arrival and George’sdeparture on foot.A) sufficiently B) efficiently C) enough D) abundantly16.Cities generally have low-achieving schools with many of the same problems that_________ rural schools in China: less well-trained staff and fewer resources.A) effect B) afflict C) affiliate D) abuse17.Little Tom said angrily, “I know mum’s always taking you under her wing, but Iwouldn’t _________ to you again this time”.A) give up B) give out C) give in D) give away18.The fog seemed to hold the moonlight in _________, rendering it more pervasive thanin clear air.A) suspension B) expectation C) detention D) stimulation19.This earthquake is an unprecedented disaster, in which thousands of people_________.A) cherished B) were cherished C) were perished D) perished20.Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _________ overall consumptionis significantly higher than that of women.A) whose B) that C) which D) whatPart III Translation (25%)Section AD irections:T ranslate the following sentences into English. Please write the answer on the Answer Sheet. (15%)1. 这个公司已经发展成为这个地区主要的化工生产基地之一。
化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含答案
化学专业英语试卷学号：姓名：成绩: 一：把下列单词或词组译成英文本题共 30 分,每小题 1 分1. NiClO42 nickel perchlorate3. FeCl2 iron2chloride5. AlNO33 aluminum nitrate7. MnO2 manganese dioxide9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide11. NaClO sodium hypochloride13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide15. KMnO4 patassium permangate17. 盐酸hydrochloric acid19. KCN patassium cyanide21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷5-methyl-4-propylnonaane23. 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride25. 中和neutralize27. 比热容specific heat capacity29. 酸酐anhytride 2. CuSO4 copper sulfate4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate6. CaC2H3O22 calcium acetate8. H2SO410. 六氰合铁Ⅱ酸钾12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite14. 草酸铅 lead cyanate16. ZnOH2 zinc hydroxide18. 磷酸根 phosphate20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷2,3-dimethylpentane22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloct ane24. 石蕊试纸litmus paper 26. 滴定titration28. 非电解质electrolyte 30. 配位化合物complex compound三. 把下列短文译成汉语本题共 40 分,每小题 10 分1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldn’t be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease.没有化学反应我们的生活将会大变样,化学就在我们周围;没有化学生活会是什么样子——没有塑料,,家里没有电,也没有防护漆;不会给我们合成纤维,没有化肥帮助我们生产足够的食物;我们不能旅行,因为不会有金属、橡胶或燃料汽车、船只和飞机;我们的生活将会大大改变了没有电话、收音机、电视或电脑,所有这些依赖化学生产的部分;没有药物来抵抗疾病,预期寿命将低得多;2． The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale — that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules —can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of such a model is that it does not depend on atomic or molecular structure. Furthermore, conclusions about a given process .based on this model, do not require details of how the process is carried out.探讨热力学第一和第二定律和熵的意义.和扩展在这个知识;也就是说它将表明能源在宏观上的转换,根据一组逻辑原则可以理解能量在大量的原子或分子内的转换;因此热力学定理提供了一个物质体积变化的模型;这样一个模型的能力在于它不依赖于原子或分子结构;此外,给定进程的结论依托于这种模式,不需要的详细说明过程是如何进行的3．Preparation of Cuen2cdaH2O: H2cda 4-羟基-2,6 吡啶二酸 g, mmol was dissolvedin water 10 mL and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 7~8 with aqueous NaOH solution molL-1, then adding it dropwise to a methanol solution 10mL ofCuClO42·6H2O , and ethylenediamine mmol under stirring at room temperature.After the resulting small quantity of precipitates was filtered off, dark blue crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of the filtrate at room temperature.制备CUen2cdaH2O:使克,的4 -羟基2、6吡啶二酸溶解在10ml水中加入氢氧化钠水溶液调整到pH值7 ~ 8,然后将它一滴一滴地添加到CuClO42·6H2O,的乙醇溶液和乙二胺,在室温下搅拌;在室温下,缓慢蒸发滤液,得到深蓝色晶体,用x射线分析它的结构4. Measure 50 ml of vinegar with a pipette and pour into a 250-ml beaker. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Fill a burette with a 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide NaOH and draw out the excess as described above. From the burette add NaOH to the beaker of vinegar until 1 drop of NaOH produces a pale pink color in the solution. Maintain constant stirring. The appearance of pink tells you that the acid has been neutralized by the base and there is now 1 drop of excess base which has turned the indicator. Read the burette and record this reading as the volume of base used to neutralize the acid. One molecule of NaOH neutralizes one molecule of acetic acid, or one gram-molecular weight of NaOH neutralizes one gram-molecular weight of acetic acid. Calculate the amount of acetic acid present in the vinegar. Report this amount as the percentage of acetic acid. 用移液管吸取50ml醋加入到250毫升烧杯,加2滴酚酞指示剂;在滴定管中加入1M的氢氧化钠溶液,去除刻度线以上的溶液,将氢氧化钠溶液加入到醋中,并不断震荡,至到加入一滴氢氧化钠溶液变成粉红色;出现粉红色的颜色,表示酸中和了碱,而且多余的一滴碱使指示剂变色;阅读并纪律中和酸消耗碱的体积;一个分子的氢氧化钠中和一个分子的醋酸,或一个分子重量的氢氧化钠中和一个分子重量的醋酸反应;计算醋酸在醋的量;报告醋酸的百分比;。
化学专业英语试卷
2009 —2010学年第一学期化学与材料学院（系）07级应用化学专业《专业英语》期末试卷1.Write the structural formula or Chinese name for each of the following(2% for each answer):（1）barium ion: （2）chlorate ion:（3）potassium ion: （4）carbonic acid:（5）ammonium ion: （6）pyrrole:（吡咯）（7）polystyrene: (聚苯乙烯) （8）p-hydroxybenzoic acid:(对羟基苯甲酸)（9）benzonitrile (苄腈) （10）critical pressure: （临界压力）（11）methanal: （甲醛）（12）buffer solution :（缓冲溶液）（13）alkali burette:（碱式滴定管）（14）extract ：(萃取) （15）tetrasulfur dinitride: （S4N2）（16）aldose:（醛醣）（17）sodium dihydrogenphosphate (磷酸二氢钠)（18）zinc oxide:（19）6-ethyl-4-methyldecane:（20）quantitative analysis: （定量分析）2.Write the English name for each of the following(2% for each answer):（1）IBr: （2）天平（balance）（3）阴离子(anion) （4）H2SO3（5）滴液漏斗: （dropping funnel）（6）CuNO3:（7）AgF: （8）滴定（n.）:(titrate)（9）Ca(MnO4)2: （10）辛醇:（11）十三烷：（12）(CH3CH2)2Hg: (diethylmercury)（13）CH3CHCH CH2CH3:（14）CH3CH2CHCOOHCH3:（15）CHOHONH2：（2-amino-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde）3.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:(1)Pick the size of your separatory (sep.) funnel. You will usually use 125 or250-mL, large scale reactions (1–10 g) can require 500-mL or 1-L sizes.Remember that your sep. funnel will contain the solvent and wash liquid which must be thoroughly mixed.(5% for the answer)参考答案：挑选出你要的分液漏斗的大小。
化学专英试题及答案
化学专英试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. The term "stoichiometry" refers to the:A. Study of chemical reactionsB. Calculation of amounts of reactants and products in chemical reactionsC. History of chemistryD. Physical properties of substances2. Which of the following is not a state of matter?A. SolidB. LiquidC. GasD. Energy3. The SI unit for the amount of substance is the:A. CoulombB. JouleC. MoleD. Newton4. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing:A. Atomic massB. Atomic numberC. ElectronegativityD. Ionization energy5. The process of converting a solid to a liquid is called:A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Decomposition二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The chemical symbol for the element oxygen is ________.2. The law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of molecules is known as________'s law.3. The process of a substance changing from a liquid to a solid is called ________.4. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________, with 7 being neutral.5. A compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water is known as an ________.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "valency" in chemistry.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.3. What is the significance of the Avogadro's number in chemistry?4. Discuss the role of catalysts in chemical reactions.四、计算题（每题10分，共20分）1. If 5 moles of a gas occupy 22.4 liters at standard temperature and pressure (STP), calculate the volume occupied by 10 moles of the same gas at STP.2. A 1.5 M solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is mixed witha 3.0 M solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a 1:1 volume ratio. Calculate the molarity of the resulting solution.五、实验题（每题15分，共30分）1. Describe a laboratory procedure to test for the presence of chloride ions in a solution.2. Outline the steps to prepare a standard solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) for titration.答案：一、选择题1. B2. D3. C4. B5. C二、填空题1. O2. Boyle3. Solidification4. 0, 145. Acid三、简答题1. Valency refers to the combining power of an element, which is the number of hydrogen atoms it can combine with or replace in a chemical reaction.2. A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition, while a chemical change involves a transformation that results in theformation of new substances.3. Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) is significant becauseit represents the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in one mole of a substance.4. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process, thus facilitating the reaction without altering the overall chemical equilibrium.四、计算题1. 44.8 liters2. 0.75 M五、实验题1. To test for chloride ions, add a small amount of silver nitrate solution to the test solution. If a white precipitate forms, it indicates the presence of chloride ions.2. To prepare a standard solution of KMnO4, dissolve a known mass of the compound in a minimal amount of distilled water, then dilute it to a known volume in a volumetric flask. The concentration can be calculated using the mass and volume of the solution.。
化学专业英语真题答案解析
化学专业英语真题答案解析化学是自然科学中的重要学科之一，在全球范围内都有广泛的研究和应用。
随着国际化和交流的加强，掌握好化学专业英语已经成为化学学生的必备能力之一。
为了帮助化学学生更好地应对英语考试，下面将针对化学专业英语真题进行解析，为大家详细解答各道题目。
第一题：The equation —— gives the action of the solvent on solute. What is the term that can be used to describe this equation?A. Complexation equationB. Partition coefficient equationC. Solubility equationD. Reaction equation正确答案：C. Solubility equation解析：这道题目考查了化学中关于溶解性的概念。
答题关键是理解题干中“the action of the solvent on solute”所涉及的内容，也就是溶解过程。
根据知识点可以得知，溶解度方程是用来描述溶解过程的，所以正确答案是C. Solubility equation。
第二题：According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of a system and its surroundings will ______ during a chemical reaction.A. increaseB. decreaseC. remain constantD. fluctuate正确答案：C. remain constant解析：第一题涉及到了热力学中的第一定律。
根据第一定律的表述，能量在化学反应中是守恒的，也就是说系统和周围环境的能量总量不会发生变化。
因此，正确答案是C. remain constant。
化学学院2008-2009专业英语试题A卷
第 1 页，共 7 页 草 稿 区 化学学院本科生2008——2009学年第 二 学期化学专业英语课程期末考试试卷（A 卷）一 、把下列单词或词组译成英文（本题共30分，每小题1分）1. Ni(ClO 4)2(高氯酸镍)2. CuSO 4(硫酸铜)3. FeCl 2(氯化亚铁)4. CoCO 3(碳酸钴)5. Al(NO 3)3(硝酸铝)6. Ca(C 2H 3O 2)2(醋酸钙)7. MnO 2(二氧化锰)8. H 2SO 4(硫酸) 9. N 2O 3 (三氧化二氮)10. 六氰合铁（Ⅱ）酸钾 11. NaClO(次氯酸钠)12. Ag 2SO 3(亚硫酸银) 13. P 2O 5(五氧化二磷)14. 草酸铅 15. KMnO 4(高锰酸钾)16. Zn(OH)2(氢氧化锌) 17. 盐酸18. 磷酸根 19. KCN （氰化钾）20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷 21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷 23. 四氯化碳24. 石蕊试纸 25. 中和（名词）26. 滴定（动词） 27. 比热容28. 非电解质 29. 酸酐 30. 配位化合物1．包括所有的过渡和内过渡元素在内的大多数元素都是金属。
2. 碱式盐具有碱的性质，能够同酸反应生成正盐和水草稿区3．能量不会产生也不会消亡，即宇宙中的能量是守恒的。
而且宇宙的熵是不端增长的4. 当酸的当量等于碱的当量时中和反应就发生了5. 如果△G是正值，表示给定过程不能自发发生；不过其反向反应可以自发进行。
第2 页，共7 页1. Measure 50 ml of vinegar with a pipette and pour into a 250-ml beaker. Add 2 drops ofphenolphthalein indicator. Fill a burette with a 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) anddraw out the excess as described above. From the burette add NaOH to the beaker of vinegaruntil 1 drop of NaOH produces a pale pink color in the solution. Maintain constant stirring.草稿区The appearance of pink tells you that the acid has been neutralized by the base and there isnow 1 drop of excess base which has turned the indicator. Read the burette and record thisreading as the volume of base used to neutralize the acid. One molecule of NaOH neutralizesone molecule of acetic acid, or one gram-molecular weight of NaOH neutralizes onegram-molecular weight of acetic acid. Calculate the amount of acetic acid present in thevinegar. Report this amount as the percentage of acetic acid.第3 页，共7 页2．The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussedand expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on amacroscopic scale —that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules —can beunderstood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model ofthe behavior of matter in bulk. The power of such a model is that it does not depend on atomic草稿区or molecular structure. Furthermore, conclusions about a given process .based on this model,do not require details of how the process is carried out. Applied to chemistry, thermodynamicsprovides criteria for predicting whether a given reaction can occur. If a reaction is feasible, theextent to which it will proceed under a given set of conditions can be predicted. One greatvalue of thermodynamics is that it is possible to use data from experiments which can beconveniently carried out to arrive at conclusions about experiments which are difficult or evenimpossible to perform.第4 页，共7 页第 5 页，共 7 页 草 稿 区3．Ligands may be still more complex and many tridentate, tetradentate, and even hexadentate ligands are known. Polydentate ligands may have both neutral and anionic sites that coordinate with the central ion, such as the glycinate ion: Here both the anionic oxygen and the nonionic nitrogen have unshared electron pairs and may coordinate with a given cation. An example is the complex [Co(H2NCH2CO2)3], in which the cobalt is coordinated with the nitrogen and one of the oxygens of each glycinate. A polydentate ligand, when coordinated at two or more points to a central ion, forms a ring structure such as illustrated by the ethylenediamine complex of cobalt above. This type of complex is called a chelate, and the polydentate ligand is a chelating group.4．Preparation of [Cu(en)2(cda)H2O] （此化合物名称不用翻译）: H2cda （4-羟基-2,6吡啶二酸）(0.020 g, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in water (10 mL) and the pH value of the solution wasadjusted to 7~8 with aqueous NaOH solution (0.1 mol L-1), then adding it dropwise to amethanol solution (10 mL) of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O (0.037 g, 0.1 mmol) and ethylenediamine ( 0.2mmol) under stirring at room temperature. After the resulting small quantity of precipitates草稿区was filtered off, dark blue crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtainedby slow evaporation of the filtrate (滤液) at room temperature.第6 页，共7 页5．In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a vertical column in the periodic table ofthe chemical elements. The name family is derived from the fact that the elements sharesimilar characteristics, just as members of any human family would. There are 18 groups inthe standard periodic table. The modern explanation of the pattern of the periodic table is thatthe elements in a group have similar configurations (构型) of the outermost electron shells of草稿区their atoms: as most chemical properties are dominated by the orbital location(轨道布居) ofthe outermost electron. There are three ways of numbering the groups of the periodic table,one using Hindu-Arabic numerals（印度-阿拉伯数字）and the other two using Romannumerals. The Roman numeral names are the original traditional names of the groups; theArabic numeral names are those recommended by the International Union of Pure andApplied Chemistry to replace the old names in an attempt to reduce the confusion generatedby the two older, but mutually confusing, schemes.第7 页，共7 页。
化工英语试题及答案
化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of catalyst used in chemical reactions?A. Homogeneous catalystB. Heterogeneous catalystC. Biological catalystD. Inert catalyst答案：D2. The process of converting raw materials into products in a chemical plant is known as:A. SynthesisB. DistillationC. ReactionD. Processing答案：D3. What is the term used to describe the separation of a mixture into its individual components?A. FiltrationB. EvaporationC. DistillationD. Crystallization答案：C4. In chemical engineering, what does the acronym "P&ID" stand for?A. Process and Instrumentation DiagramB. Product and Industry DesignC. Plant and Industrial DevelopmentD. Power and Industrial Devices答案：A5. Which of the following is a common method for measuring the concentration of a solution?A. SpectrophotometryB. ChromatographyC. TitrationD. All of the above答案：D6. What is the main purpose of a heat exchanger in a chemical process?A. To increase the temperature of the reactantsB. To cool down the productsC. To transfer heat between two fluidsD. To separate components of a mixture答案：C7. Which of the following is a unit of measurement for pressure?A. Pascal (Pa)B. Newton (N)C. Joule (J)D. Coulomb (C)答案：A8. What is the term used to describe a chemical reaction that produces energy in the form of heat or light?A. Endothermic reactionB. Exothermic reactionC. Isothermal reactionD. Photochemical reaction答案：B9. In the context of chemical engineering, what does the term "yield" refer to?A. The amount of product produced per unit of timeB. The percentage of theoretical product that is actually producedC. The efficiency of a chemical processD. The amount of raw material used in a process答案：B10. Which of the following is a type of pollution control technology used in chemical plants?A. ScrubbersB. FiltersC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The chemical formula for water is __________.答案：H2O2. The SI unit for temperature is __________.答案：Kelvin (K)3. The process of converting a solid into a liquid by heating is called __________.答案：Melting4. A __________ is a device used to control the flow of a fluid in a pipeline.答案：Valve5. The __________ is a type of diagram that shows the relationship between different parts of a chemical process. 答案：Flowchart6. The term __________ refers to the study of the physical and chemical properties of materials.答案：Material Science7. The __________ is a type of equipment used to separate liquid mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. 答案：Distillation Column8. The __________ is a type of chemical reaction where two ormore substances combine to form a new compound.答案：Synthesis Reaction9. __________ is a method used to remove impurities from a substance by passing it through a semipermeable membrane.答案：Dialysis10. The __________ is a unit of measurement for the amount of substance in a system.答案：Mole三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous catalyst.答案：A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in thesame phase as the reactants, usually a liquid or gas. A heterogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in a different phase from the reactants, typically a solid.2. Describe the purpose of a control system in a chemical process.答案：A control system in a chemical process is used tomonitor and adjust the process variables to maintain the desired operating conditions. This ensures the process runs efficiently, safely, and produces the desired product quality.3. What are the three main types of distillation processes?答案：The three main types of distillation processes aresimple distillation, fractional distillation, and vacuum distillation.4. Discuss the importance of safety measures in a chemical plant.答案：Safety measures in a chemical plant are crucial to prevent accidents, protect the health of workers, and minimize environmental impact. They include proper equipment design, training of personnel, emergency response plans, and adherence to safety regulations.。
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2012—2013学年度第一学期
应用化学专业《专业英语》课程试卷（A ）
注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置；
2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题。
一、词汇填空 （写出下列每个词汇对应的英
汉单词）（共20小题，每空1分，共20分）
1、化学性质 （chemical property ）
2、物理性质 （physical property ）
3、溶解度 （solubility ）
4、密度 （density ）
5、沸点 （boiling point ）
6、熔点 （melting point ）
7、反应 （reaction ）
8、无机的 （inorganic ）
9、有机的 （organic ）
10、化合物 （c ompound ）
11、烷烃 （alkane ）
12、乙醇 （ethanol ）
13、烯烃 （alkene ）
14、炔烃 （alkyne ）
15、ester （ 酯 ）
16、ether （ 醚 ）
17、acetone
（ 丙酮 ）
18、formaldehyde （ 甲醛 ）
19、ammonia （ 氨 ）
20、benzene （ 苯 ）
二、给下列无机化合物的英语名称（共10小题, 每小题2分，共20分）
1、CaO calcium oxide
2、HClO 4 perchloric acid
3、CuSO 4 copper sulfate
4、NaBr
sodium bromide 5、NaCl sodium chloride
6、HNO 3 nitric acid
7、HNO 2 nitrous acid
8、Al 2O 3 aluminum oxide
9、KNO 3 potassium nitrate
10、FeBr 3 ferric bromide
三、给下列有机化合物的英语名称（共5小题, 每小题4分，共20分）
1.辛烷
octane
2.CH 2=CHCH 2CH 3
1-butene
3.CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2OH
butanol
4.CH 3CH 2OCH 3
ethyl methyl ether
5.CH3(CH2)4CO2H
hexanoic acid
四、英译汉（共10小题, 每小题4分，共40分）Array
1、The properties of substances are their characteristic qualities. The
physical properties are those properties of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into other substances.
物质的性质是它们的特别品质。
一种物质的物理性质是指那些不用把它改变为另外的物质就可以观察到的性质。
2、It is customary to say that under the same external conditions all specimens of a
particular substance have the same physical properties (density, hardness, color, melting point, crystalline form, etc).
通常认为属于同一种特定物质的各种形体的物质在相同的外界条件下都具有相同的物理性质（包括：密度、硬度、颜色、熔点、晶型等）。
3、Sodium chloride has the properties of changing into a soft metal, sodium, and a
greenish-yellow gas, chlorine, when it is decomposed by passage of an electric current through it.
氯化钠具有在通电分解的时候转变为一种柔软的金属“钠”和一种黄绿色的气体“氯”的性质。
4、Iron has the property of combining readily with the oxygen in moist air to form
iron rusts whereas an alloy of iron with chromium and nickel is found to resist this process of rusting.
铁在潮湿的空气中很容易与氧气结合生成铁锈，但是铁和铬镍的合金却可以阻止这样一种过程。
5、Acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes is used industrially to prepare certain alcohols,
but is not an important laboratory method.
酸催化的烯烃水解反应通常被用于在工业规模上制备某一种醇，但是这并不是一种重要的实验室制备醇的方法。
6、When an acid, base, or salt is dissolved in water the resulting solution is a
conductor of the electric current and is termed an electrolyte. If no conduction of current occurs, the compound is known as a nonelectrolyte.
当一种酸、碱或者盐在水中溶解以后所生产的该物质的溶液可以导电，所以被称为电解质。
如果溶于水以后的溶液不能导电，该化合物就被称为非电解质。
7、The reaction of an acid with a base is called neutralization. If all the water is
removed by evaporation from the solution after the reaction, the positive ions from the base and negative ions from the acid form a crystal lattice of solid salt.
酸与碱的反应叫中和反应。
如果把中和反应所得溶液中的水蒸干，碱的正离子
和酸的负离子就结合形成盐的晶体。
8、Nonbenzenoid compounds containing rings of carbon atoms are called alicyclic
compounds. These are carbocyclic compounds which resemble aliphatic compounds in many ways.
含有碳环的非苯系化合物被称为脂环化合物。
这些化合物又称碳环化合物，在很多方面和脂肪族化合物类似。
9、Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic compounds with the ring containing carbon
and other elements, the commonest being oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. There are
a number of heterocyclic rings which are easily opened and do not posses any
aromatic properties, e. g., ethylene oxide, γ- and δ-lactones.
杂环化合物是环上含有碳和另外元素（最主要是氧、氮和硫）的环状化合物。
有很多的杂环化合物很容易开环，不具有芳香性，例如环氧乙烷、γ和δ内酯。
10、All metallic hydroxides are classed as conventional bases. Of the common bases
only NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2and Ba(OH)2are appreciably soluble in water. If these compounds are dissolved in water, the OH-is common to all of their solutions.
所有的金属氢氧化物都被称为碱，常见的碱中只有NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2和Ba(OH)2是明显可以溶于水的，如果这些化合物溶解在水中，它们的溶液中都有氢氧根离子。