高中语法 动词不定式 共62张ppt

We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left. 我们匆匆赶去火车站，结果却发现火车刚刚离开。
三、不定式充当的句子成分
6. 不定式作状语 2）作结果状语 ② so… as to/such as to She looks so beautiful as to attract all of us. Her voice is such as to make everyone stare.
challenge command encourage persuade recommend
get hate like press warn
cause have mean want wish
compel help make request urge
在let, make, have, see, hear, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动 词后面作宾补的不定式，to要省略。
三、不定式充当的句子成分
5. 名词 + to do(定语)
不定式作定语，通常与被修饰名词有以下三种关系： 1）动宾关系 2）主谓关系 3）同位关系
1）动宾关系
例句 I have a letter to write. I need a pen to write with.
解释 逻辑关系：write a letter 逻辑关系：write with a pen
常用于这种结构中的动词有：
advice declare instruct need remind
allow let intend oblige teach
ask expect invite order tell
beg forbid judge permit tempt
believe force leave prefer trouble
attempt determine intend prepare remember
beg expect learn pretend trouble
begin fail like promise try
bother forget love propose want
三、不定式充当的句子成分
3. 动词 + 连接词 + to do(宾语) I wonder who to invite. Show us what to do. I don’t know whether to answer his letter.
句型转换
The development of wheels makes it possible to develop cars. The development of wheels makes it possible that people can develop cars. The development of wheels makes possible the development of cars.
To tell the truth So to speak To say nothing of
四、不定式的逻辑主语
1. 什么是逻辑主语
动词不定式是动词的变化形式，是动作就会有主语，为了区别于句子的主语， 我们把它叫做逻辑主语。因为句子的主语和动词不定式的逻辑主语并不是总是 统一的。
He was anxious to meet you. 他渴望认识你。
此处形式主语it不能用this或that来代替！
错误的选项是：
This is impossible for people to stare directly at the sun.
A
B
C
答案：A
动词不定式有时也可放在句首。
To love for the sake of being loved is human, but to love for the sake of loving is angelic.
句子主语是he，不定式to meet you的 动作也是he发出的，因此，句子主语 和不定式的逻辑主语一致。
He was anxious for his sister to meet
you. 他渴望让他妹妹认识你。
句子主语是he，不定式to meet you的 动作是his sister发出的，因此，句子 主语和不定式的逻辑主语不一致。
三、不定式充当的句子成分
6. 形容词 + to do(定语) 1）句子主语和不定式动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系
先看一个例句。 She is interesting to listen to. 思考一下这句话的含义，有两个选项：
A. 她对听别人讲话很感兴趣。 B. 听她讲话很有趣。
其实这句话相当于说： It is interesting to listen to her. 意思是：听她讲话很有趣。
常见接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
afford care happen manage refuse
agree choose hate mean regret
appear consent help wish swear
arrange dare hesitate offer seem
ask decide hope prefer start
三、不定式充当的句子成分
5. 动词 + sb to do(宾补) They don’t allow people to smake in the theater. The chairman declared the meeting to be over. I don’t know whether to answer his letter.
一、非谓语动词概述
非谓语动词形式包括基本的三种形式，即动词不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)，和两种分词(现在 分词doing和过去分词done)。
非谓语动ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ词
分词 动名词 不定式
现在分词 过去分词
二、不定式的概念
不一定是什么词性的成分，可当做名词，形容词和副词来使用。
那么不定式可以充当什么句子成分呢？
三、不定式充当的句子成分
2. 动词 + to do（作宾语） 1) 直接跟在及物动词后面作宾语。此时，句子有两个特点： ① 句子主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的，及两个动作都是由一个人发出的。 ② 句子谓语动词多是描写态度，不定式动词说明行为。
I hope to see you again.
This company refused to cooperate with us.
三、不定式充当的句子成分
6. 不定式作状语 1）作目的状语 I’d better start early to catch the train. I went to the post office to mail a letter.
三、不定式充当的句子成分
6. 不定式作状语 2）作结果状语 ① only to do 引出意想不到的结果
三、不定式充当的句子成分
7. 作独立成分(修饰整个句子) To make a long story short, he is in hospital now.
常见的有：
To begin with To make a long story short To be brief/honest/exact/frank To say the least
四、不定式的逻辑主语
2. for sb to do It’s important for you to get there in person. He was very willing for everyone else to come.
避免逻辑主语不明确，以防导致句子不规范： (不规范)To study English well, a lot of practices are needed. (规范)To study English well, a lot of practices are needed.
三、不定式充当的句子成分
6. 不定式作状语 2）作结果状语 ③ enough…to He is not old enough to go to school. The teacher speaks loudly enough to make herself heard clearly.
三、不定式充当的句子成分
注意：由被修饰的名词决定不定式动词是否需要接介词。
不定式已经有逻辑宾语了，不定式动词后不能再加宾语了。
(错)I gave the kid a comic to read it. (错) She has four children to take care of them. (对)I gave the kid a comic to read. (对) She has four children to take care of.
三、不定式充当的句子成分
1.“it + to do sth”句型 不定式作主语，常见的是用it当形式主语，放句首，真正的主语不定式放句尾。 It’s easy to be wise after the event. It’s easier to spend money than to make money.
6. 不定式作状语 2）作结果状语 ④ too…to The tea is too hot to drink.
三、不定式充当的句子成分
6. 不定式作状语 3）作条件状语 You would be stupid not to ask for a raise. One must be out of mind to do such a thing.