TPO31 独立写作范文
TPO 31-34 综合原文
托福TPO31综合写作题目 Reading Part:A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanic as h, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some paleontologists int erpret the lines as evidence that Sinosauropteryx had feathers. However, critics have opposed the idea that Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur, citing se veral reasons.First, the critics points out that the fine lines may not even represent functiona l structures of a living dinosaur, but rather structures that were formed after th e animal’s death. After the animal died and was burie d in volcanic ash, its ski n may have decomposed into fibers. The skin fibers then became preserved as lines in the fossil; the lines were misinterpreted as evidence of feathers.Second, even if the fine lines are remains of real structures of a Sinosauropter yx, scientists cannot tell with certainty what part of the dinosaur’s anatomy the structures were. Many dinosaurs had frills, ornamental fan-shaped structures gr owing out of some parts of their bodies. Some of the critics argue that the lin es surrounding the skeleton are much more likely to be fossilized remains of f rills than remains of feathers.A third objection is based on the fact that the usual functions of feathers are t o help animals fly or regulate their internal temperature. However, the structure s represented by the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil were mostly located alo ng the backbone and the tail of the animal. This would have made the structu res quite useless for flight and of very limited use in thermoregulation. This s uggests that the lines do not represent feathers.托福TPO31综合写作题目 Listening Part:The evidence that the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil represent feathers is v ery strong. The arguments of the critics are unconvincing.First, it is unlikely that the lines are a result of the decomposition of the dino saur ’s skin, because we don’t see any such decomposition in the fossils of ot her animals buried at the same site. In fact, the fossils of many other animals buried at the site show evidence that their functional skin structures have bee n beautifully preserved in volcanic ash. The well-preserved condition of the oth er fossils makes it likely that the Sinosauropteryx’s lines are also well-preserve d functional structures, possibly feathers, and that they are not fibers caused by decomposition.Second, the idea that the lines represent frills… well, there is an important che mical difference between feathers and frills. Feathers contain a great deal of a protein called Beta-keratin. Frills, on the other hand, do not contain beta-keratin. Our chemical analyses suggest that the Sinosauropteryx structures did contai n beta-keratin. So that indicates that the structures were feathers, not frills. Third, feathers can be used for other functions than flight and thermoregulation. Think of a bird, like peacock, for example. The peacock has long, colorful fe athers in its tail. And it displays its tail in order to attract a mate. That’s a di stinct function of feathers called the display function. Recently, we have been able to do analyses on the Sinosauropteryx structures that show us that the str uctures were colorful. They were orange and white. The fact that they were co lorful strongly supports the idea that they were feathers that this dinosaur use for display.托福TPO32综合写作题目Reading Part:Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they cal led the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female ocra whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are gaint marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from so me military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectableby sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.托福TPO32综合写作题目Listening Part:Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.Female professor: Quackers are certainly a very strange phenomenon. Experts still debate what the source of the sound was. No one can be sure exactly what caused them. But these experts cite certain problems with all of the theories that you just read about. Here are a few of the arguments that they made.First, the idea that the sounds were caused by Orca whales seems plausible at first but is ultimately highly unlikely. It’s that there are Orca populations in the general areas that the Russian submarines were patrolling. But Orca whales mostly live near the surface of the water. The submarines typically remain deep in the ocean and should not have been able to hear the whale sounds from near the surface. Also the Orca whales would have been detected by the Russian sonar if they were nearby.Giant squid may be a better candidate but one critical fact speaks against this squid theory as well. Russian submarines first detected quacker sound in the 1960s and reports of them continued for about two decades. But the sounds disappeared entirely by the 1980s. However, as far as we know, squid have always lived in the ocean where the submarines were patrolling and continue to live there today. If these were squid sound, there would be no reason to suddenly start hearing them in one decade and then suddenly stop hearing them twenty years later.Third, the idea that the quackers were caused by a secret submarine from another country does not hold up. The sources of the sound appear to move around and change direction very quickly. Submarines cannot move or change direction that quickly. Also all submarines make some engine noise. But no such noise accompanied the quackers. Even today, we don’t have the technology to build submarines that are that fast and have engines that are that silent.托福TPO32综合写作题目Question:Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific theories presented in the reading passage.TPO 33 Writing - Integrated WritingReading PartCarved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of |locations in Scotland. They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago. They are round in shape; they were carved from several types of stone; most are about 70 mm in diameter; and many are ornamented to some degree. Archaeologists do not agree about their purpose and meaning, but there are several theories.One theory is that the carved stone balls were weapons used in hunting or fighting. Some of the stone balls have been found with holes in them, and many have grooves on the surface. It is possible that a cord was strung through the holes or laid in the grooves around the ball. Holding the stone balls at the end of the cord would have allowed a person to swing it around or throw it.A second theory is that the carved stone balls were used as part of a primitive system of weights and measures. The fact that they are so nearly uniform in size - at 70 mm in diameter-suggests that the balls were interchangeable and represented some standard unit of measure. They could have been used as standard weights to measure quantities of grain or other food, or anything that needed to be measured by weight on a balance or scale for the purpose of trade.A third theory is that the carved stone balls served a social purpose as opposed to a practical or utilitarian one. This view is supported by the fact that many stone balls have elaborate designs. The elaborate carving suggests that the stones may have marked the important social status of their owners.Listening PartNone of the three theories presented in the reading passage are very convincing.First, the stone balls as hunting weapons, common Neolithic weapons such as arrowheads and hand axes generally show signs of wear, so we should expect that if the stone balls had been used as weapons for hunting of fighting, they too would show signs of that use. Many of the stone balls would be cracked or have pieces broken off. However, the surfaces of the balls are generally well preserved, showing little or no wear or damage.Second, the carved stone balls maybe remarkably uniform in size, but their masses vary too considerably to have been used as uniform weights. This is because the stone balls were made of different types of stone including sandstone, green stone and quartzite. Each type of stone has a different density. Some types of stone are heavier than others just as a handful of feathers weighs less than a handful of rocks. Two balls of the same size are different weights depending on the type of stone they are made of. Therefore, the balls could not have been used as a primitive weighing system.Third, it's unlikely that the main purpose of the balls was as some kind of social marker. A couple of facts are inconsistent with this theory. For one thing, while some of the balls are carved with intricate patterns, many others have markings that are extremely simple, too simple to make the balls look like status symbols. Furthermore, we know that in Neolithic Britain, when someone died, particularly a high-ranking person, they were usually buried with their possessions. However, none of the carved stone balls have been actually found in tombs or graves. That makes it unlikely that the balls were personal possessions that marked a person's status within the community.Sample answerThe author in the reading passage explores three major functions of the carved stone balls. However, in the lecture, the professor respectively contradicts all his assertions by using three specific points as supports.First, even though the reading passage suggests that the stone balls were weapons because of the holes and grooves on their surface, the professor argues that the stone balls didn’t show signs of use, which means they are neither cracked nor broken and thus cannot be used as weapons.Second, despite the statement in the reading passage that the stone balls were used as primitive weighing system due to their uniform size, the professor contends that their masses vary too considerably from each other. Therefore, the balls could not function as weighing system.Third, the author asserts that the stone balls served a social purpose owing to their elaborate designs while the professor proves that this claim is indefensible by pointing out that the balls were carved with not only intricate patterns but also simple ones, besides, none of the balls were found in the ancient tombs or graves. Consequently, it’s impossible that the balls were social markers.大家好，下面对今天的写作课做出反馈。
托福写作 tpo 31 范文
TPO 31The reading passage and the listening unfold opposite perspectives on whether the fine lines on the newly-excavated Sinasuropteryx fossil skeleton preserved in volcanic ash are an interpretation that Sinosaur has feathers. The reading mentions that Sinosaur is not a feathered dinosaur. However, the speaker in the listening claims that the arguments used to support the reading are unconvincing.Firstly, the author states that the fine lines may be formed after Sinosaur died as decomposition of skin fibers, showcasing that Sinosaur does not have feathers. Nevertheless, the lecturer disagrees with it and maintains that there is no decomposition on other animals at the same place. In fact, the fine lines are well-preserved feathers of Sinosaur since other animals' fossils bear beautifully-preserved functional structures. Secondly, according to the article, which part of Sinosaur the fine lines belong to has not been ascertained yet and the fine lines may be frills of Sinosaur. By contrast, the lecture refutes the idea and argues that there are chemical difference between feathers and frills, the former of which contains a kind of protein the latter lacks. Besides, chemical analysis indicates that this kind of protein is present on the structure of Sinosaur. Hence, the fine lines are feathers.Thirdly, the lecturer dissents with the claim in the reading passage that the location of the fine lines deny the regular function of feathers. By citing the example of peacock whose tail feathers are used as display function, the professor argues that feathers on Sinosaur serve as display function as well, for research shows the fine lines are orange and white. Thus, Sinosaur is feathered dinosaur. (270 words//20 minutes)新的模板不是很熟练速度下来了再熟悉下老师，有个问题：就是文中出现需要频繁写出来的很长的主人公名字能缩写吗？。
TPO1-33独立写作范文(含题目)
TPO10独立写作范文(含题目)TPO1-33独立写作题目及TPO1-33独立写作范文，助力大家托福考试备考。
祝大家托福考试能取得好的成绩。
TPO1独立写作题目:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.TPO1独立写作范文：As people regard education as an essential part of life more and more, where the educational budgets should be devoted to rises to a hot topic. Some people hold the view that money is supposed to be put into classes and libraries, while others believe that an equal amount of financial support should be given to sports and social activities at universities and colleges. From my perspective, sports and social activities make a complete campus life together with classes and libraries, so I firmly agree with the statement.First of all, playing sports makes a person healthy and energetic to face the future challenges. It can be seen everywhere that more and more students wear glasses, and too much reading along with facing computers for a long time makes it even worse. Then they may suffer from eye problems or other physical diseases. The only way of improving this case is to encourage them to take some time relaxing in sports. Furthermore, playing a ball game together is the best method to promote teamwork spirit. After a period of playing together, members will develop a way to solve problems and achieve their common goal. Therefore, sports strengthen one's body as well as enhance the spirit of teamwork.Besides, social activities can help foster abilities that students cannot gain during classes or self-studying. Though being smart and diligent, some students are called pedants because of not being able to exchange ideas with others freely. Only if a person is equipped with knowledge and is capable of expressing it can he become competent. So, it is significant for them to take part in social activities with the aim of lifting their communication skills. When pedants are forced to talking with others, it's a great chance for them to make new friends and express their thoughts, which may be an opportunity for their future career.Last but not the least is that the places provided for sports and social activities are in need of money. It is common that the school will spend a large sum of money to purchase updated booksand facilities to fulfill the requirements of classes and libraries. However, finding a suitable place to play sports or hold social activities is always hard. Take my university as an example, if I want to read a book, I can easily find a seat in the library, but if I want to run for half an hour, the crowded gym will just turn me into a upset mood. Then, requiring the same amount of financial support to ameliorate the condition is just reasonable.In a nutshell, financial support should be contributed to sports and social activities just like classes and libraries, for they help with strengthening bodies, making progress in communication skills and they are in shortage of fund.TPO2独立写作题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.TPO2独立写作范文：With some changes of social values nowadays, the importance of always telling the truth in relationship is questioned among the public. However, as far as I am concerned, I still strongly believe that always telling the truth is the most important consideration in relationships. Generally, telling the truth helps to build up and maintain trust for work and love.First of all, always telling the truth creates trust between clients and companies, between employers and employees, and among colleagues. For instance, when I was an intern at an insurance company, I heard from my manager about an event which caused a lot of loss to our company. There was a client whose car was hit in an accident. According to his contract with our company, he could receive little insurance payment. However, in order to get more money, this client lied to prevent our employees from investigating the scene. He took the pictures of his "broken" car, and he changed some details of the pictures on his computer for exaggerating his loss in that accident. As a result, our company paid him a great deal of money. Later, our company realized the scandal and accused him for his crime. He finally got severe punishment and lost support from all insurance companies. Although this client was punished for his misdeeds, our company suffered great loss in the whole case. Therefore, telling the truth is the most important consideration in at work, for it not only helps to build up trust between new business partners, but also maintain trust during the cooperation, which brings more benefits and convenience at work. Telling lies at work may badly effect the cooperation at work, or even make oneself involve in more serious troubles.Secondly, love also requires telling the truth. Love is a kind of fantastic affection which brings two strangers together or even leads them to be a couple. Therefore, telling the truth is the most important consideration in this relationship, because it creates and maintains trust between lovers or couples, which can keep their love or marriage for longer time. It is quite common that one of the lovers tells lies to the other, which destroys their love or even their marriage. If a man meets a female friend by himself in the evening, but he tells his girlfriend or wife that he worked overtime, the result may turns out rather terrible when his girlfriend or wife knows the truth later. This man may tell a white lie to avoid some meaningless quarrel, but this actually triggers more misunderstanding. Therefore, telling the truth at first-time is more appropriate and correct to maintain a relationship, especially the relationship of love. Telling the truth should always be the most important consideration in love. And the worry about its results can be removed by the techniques of telling the truth.It is understandable that some people think that always telling the truth may hurt people's feelings. If a doctor tells his patient the truth that he is diagnosed with cancer, this patients may lose his hope and give up his life easily. In this circumstance, telling the truth seems not appropriate. However, if telling the truth more euphemistically, the patient may accept his disease more easily. Nevertheless, telling the truth to the patient's family is still a right decision. Therefore, telling the truth is still a very important consideration in relationships.All in all, always telling the truth is the most important consideration in relationships, for it creates and maintains trust among people, which brings more harmony and peace to the whole society.TPO3独立写作题目：Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.TPO3独立写作范文：Friends play an important role in everyone's life. In some cases, friends could even be of greater help than your family members. The issue whether it is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends has become a hot issue for people all over the world. As far as I am concerned, keeping old friends is more significant than making new friends.To begin with, old friends have a better understanding of you. They have known you for many years and have shared happinesses and sorrows in the past years with you. For you, they aremore like your family members. I have a great friend named Joy. We have become best friends since high school. She can read what I'm thinking from my facial expressions. I will turn to her for advice whenever I'm confused. In addition, she will give me warm comfort if I feel upset. I trust her and she trust me, too. Although we may work or live in different places, this precious friendship will last forever.The next point to be mentioned is that it's not easy to make sincere new friends in the complicated working environment. Most of my good friends were made in school, where there is much love. However, people care more about themselves and their family and have little time and energy to develop close friendship with others. The most common relationship in the society is colleague. Most people have their own circles of friends at that time.However, we can't deny the importance of making new friends. New friends mean new ways of thinking and different life experiences. By communicating with them, you can learn something different and have various kinds of pleasure.All in all, keeping old friends is of greater importance than making new friends.TPO4独立写作题目：Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.TPO4独立写作范文：With the development of science and technology as well as the implementation of the policy about vehicle, some people believe that in the 20 years, fewer cars will be in use than they are today. As far as I am concerned, I cannot agree with this statement for the following reasons.First of all, the population in the 20 years will still increase, which means that car market still has huge potential. Since the cost of cars becomes more and more cheap and people live further from their work places than before, people who would like to buy cars gradually rise. Take China as an example, China has the largest market of car and with the progress of society, more people can afford cars so there is an increasing trend of car running in the roads. Unlessthe population in the world is going to decrease in the next 20 years, more cars will be produced in the future.However, under the drive of environmental protection from government and the rise of the price of oil, it is possible that we can see fewer cars driven in the roads. The car is not the only choice for travelling. In fact, many people would like to use publict traffic rather than private cars. They think that in this way, they can not only do some good to environment but also save money.But this kind of people cannot stop the growing trend of population, the world still see more cars produced.To sum up, I think that there will be more cars in the future, but the growing speed will be slow down. The publlic transportation will be convenient for people and more people will choose to use it. The deterioration of environment will also drive human being to use less vehicle.TPO5独立写作题目：Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment-doing things they like to do-rather than doing things they should do.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.TPO5独立写作范文：In this contemporary society,people are under great pressure in their dailylife.Obviously,people have to find some ways to release their tangible and intangible pressures from work,family and so forth.But someone claims that people today spend too much time on personal enjoyment-doing things they like to do-rather than doing things they should do.From my perspective,I don't agree with this viewpoint.Reversely,most people now are more concerned about what they should do.They are becoming more and more realism,instead of doing things they like.The reasons are as follows.First of all,for young generations,particularly,they have to study something they are not interested in,just for the promising career prospect after graduation.Because of the harsh reality and fierce competition around them,they have no choice but to give up their interests.Let's just take one of my friends as example,she is quite intelligent,and extremely good at learning language,she would be polyglot if she didn't take her parents' advice.However,her parents strongly believe that Accounting is perfectly suitable for girls,especially for the students who is fairly hard-working like her.And it's more easier to get a job when she graduates from unviersity compared with Language students.She really chose Accounting,though she didn't like it at all.Just because job,money stuff like that in the near future.Second,people in the 21 century are not satisfied with themselves.They desire more and wanna gain higher achievements.So they know what's exactly good for them.The things they like probably cannot bring about fame and money and reputation.In that case,they would rather do what they should do.Self-actualization is more important for people nowadays.From what we've discussed above,we can easily come to the conclusion that people today would like to spend more time on the things they should do instead of the things they like to do.Enjoyment and entertainment are of vital importance for people,but apparently,they subconsciously will not spend too much time on the things they should not do.People are getting serious and increasingly rational.TPO6独立写作题目：Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.TPO6独立写作范文：Compared with the past several decades, current lifestyle has changed a lot due to the development of science and technology. Despite some people may argue that it also leads to some negative effects, such as environmental pollution or more pressure, yet, in my opinion, life today is still more comfortable and easier than the past, since it brings more pros than cons in the following aspects.Firstly, Internet brings more conveniences to our life, which breaks away from conventional ways in different fields. For one thing, people can communicate with each other more freely, instead of merely sticking to face to face talk in reality. It is not only beneficial to keep harmony relationship with each other but also improve the efficiency of communication to some degree. For another, various kinds of information and stuff online contribute to building easier and more convenient lifestyle. People can obtain almost everything they want online, such as searching for information, studying, or shopping, which leaves out the trouble of going outside and walking through the crowd.Additionally, the improvement of transportation, involving multiple kinds of transportation, such as buses, trains and even airplanes, they not only improve efficiency of travel, which saves much more time within the same distance, but also ameliorate service mechanism in order to provide passengers more comfortable environment during their travel. Meanwhile, compared with the period when our grandparents were children, lower expenses attract more people to enjoy advantages brought by current relatively well-developed transportation.Admittedly, with the increase of life pace, people nowadays are struggling from more pressure in order to pursue better physical life as they attach more importance to their work, and accordingly have less time accompany with their families. However, more entertainmentresources, like bars, playgrounds or gyms, come out, which provide workers with more opportunities to relieve pressure and relax themselves. Moreover, as for those who cannot cope with stress by themselves, psychologists are always ready to help them. And people are active to find tradeoff between pressure and life in the feedback.Overall, though we cannot ignore the negative influences in life today, we still need to be optimistic and positive enough to enjoy the better living standards due to the remarkably economic increase and the development of technology.托福TPO7独立写作题目：Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福TPO7独立写作范文：When studying at school, students are always forced to understand arduous theories, which make them so perplexed that people gradually hold the view that it is enough for students to learn facts rather than understand ideas and concepts. However, from my perspective, ideas and concepts make the base for facts, that's why ideas and concepts are equally significant to facts.Firstly, only when students know the ideas and concepts can they be able to understand the facts. If they only learn the facts, what they remember is just what happened not why it happened. For example, when I was in primary school, one day I found the rainbow was colorful with various kinds of colors, and I thought it was painted by someone flying in the sky. Fortunately, in a physics class, my teacher told us that the formation of a rainbow depends on water and sunlight, then I realized that what I originally thought was totally wrong. After figuring out the concept, I could even make up a rainbow by myself. From the former experience, it is obvious that learning ideas and concepts help students understand facts instead of letting them believe in wrong thoughts.Secondly, ideas and concepts lead to more methods to solve problems. When facing problems, what people need to do is to find out the source rather than trap in the same place. If people know where the problems come out, they can come up with a corresponding solution to the point. When cancer was first discovered, what people knew was that it was a strange disease without reasons. After several years of discovering, scientists finally came to the conclusion that it was because of genetic disruption. With such a discovery and concept, doctors are able to treatpatients with different valid ways rather than just try everything they have used, and cancer becomes a illness which can be cured.Admittedly, learning facts is an effective way to acquire new knowledge and apply it to work with a fast speed. Nevertheless, during campus life, learning basic ideas and concepts wins over adapting to work. When students become employees, they will have numerous chances to learn facts, but they will never have a second opportunity to investigate a pure idea or concept. Therefore, the best way to cherish education is to learn basic knowledge.In a nutshell, compared with facts, ideas and concepts are more important in schools for they play a key role in forming students' ways of thinking, so I firmly agree with the statement.托福TPO8独立写作题目：Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Television advertising directed towards young children (aged two to five) should not be allowed.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福TPO8独立写作范文：With the development of the mass media, advertisements become more attractive to many companies. Television advertising is always the most popular way to attract more customers, for it shows or illustrates the products and their functions more directly and vividly. And nowadays as parents show more love to their children, companies make all efforts to advertise directly to young children, which can "persuade" parents to pay more for their children and gain more profits. However, as far as I am concerned, I strongly believe that it is harmful to young children when television advertising directed towards to them. There are two reasons to illustrate my opinion.First and foremost, television advertising should not be directed towards to young children, for children lack the ability to identify good or bad. The children at the age from two to five are too young to tell the good from the bad, which will lead them to make the wrong choices. As advertisement agencies are good at taking advantages of high technology, young children are easily attracted by the colorful and lively ads and are lured to buy something useless or harmful to them. For instance, the advertisements of chewing gums are always dramatic and fantastic, which easily please young children with imaging the joy of chawing those chewing gums. Then the children will keep bothering their parents for buying them chewing gums. However, since chewing gums are made of several chemical compounds which have some bad effects on children's health, young children are actually harmed by these advertisements and their products.Some young children even died because they suddenly choked when they chawed chewing gums. Therefore, to some degree, television advertising directed towards the young children is not only a waste of parent's money, but also harmful to young children's health.In the second place, television advertising directed towards to young children means that young children are more attracted by television programmes, which is harmful to their eyesight and interfering to foster their social communications. According to some research, more and more children become shortsighted at younger age than before, because of watching television too much. In addition, as the childhood is the best and essential time to acquire basic skills, if young children are absorbed in television programmes, they will lack a lot of chances to get along with others and make new friends. This is particularly not beneficial to foster their social communication skills, which will have bad influence on their life-long development. Hence, television advertising should not be directed towards young children.All in all, television advertising directed towards young children (aged two to five) should not be allowed, for it not only is harmful to their health, but also has bad effects on their self-development.托福TPO9独立写作题目：Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福TPO9独立写作范文：Are our kids becoming lazier and less creative, less imaginable than before as a consequence of highly advanced technology? My answer is no, and just the opposite, technology has apparently assisted our kids to become more creative.First and foremost, technology has provided children with easy access to scientific and liberal art resources which is their best source of inspiration. For example, children could now easily gain access to academic databases through iPad screen, read classical works on Kindle, or watch historic documents on Internet. These great works are essentially helpful to arousing their curiosity and prepares them with key knowledge necessary for any creation. However, these wonderful equipments and facilities are never as handy in the past, when kids could only reach limited resources in public libraries or schools. In this sense, technology has provided the possibility for children to be more creative.Second, technology has equipped children with professional apparatus which could finally realize their imagination. This takes form particularly as computer softwares and applications, such as Photoshop for creative graphic design, Overture for easily composing a piece of music,3DMax for building up a virtual world, etc. All the softwares were never as handy as they are at present, and this would absolutely provide our children an effective tool for realizing their creativity.Third, technology itself is a market place where creative ideas are economically encouraged. Steve Jobs earned millions of dollars a year for his unparalleled creation, and Mark Zuckberg gained his reputation for the genius social network. Therefore, technology has provided children the internal motive to develop their creativity.However, it is undeniable that technology might make children become lazier and be comfortable with what is already available because everything is so convenient nowadays and there seems to be no way to improve them. Children lost in pc games or blindly pursuing every single piece of tech apparatus is a relevant example. Thus, it is always necessary to keep children’s mind active in the marvelous world of technology.In a nutshell, I still regard children as becoming increasingly creative in technology development, although it might bring minor side effect. As long as we keep a balanced mood on children enjoying the fruit of technology, they are sure to contribute more to innovation than in the past.托福TPO10独立写作题目：Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福TPO10独立写作范文：Nowadays more and more families have personal computers at home, and children are more likely to expose to the computers at a very young age. As a result, many computer games are available for children in recent years. Many people are concerned about this fact and they believe playing computer games is a waste of time. However, I couldn’t disagree with this view of point more since I believe playing computer games could somehow benefit children.First off, playing computer games offers children another way to meet more people and gain communication ability. Nowadays many computer games, such as World of War craft, need cooperation among lots of people. Children who involved in such kind of games have extra accessto gaining social abilities. They can learn how to communicate efficiently with each other while playing.Furthermore, playing computer games could help to improve children’s intelligence. This means that children who play games may be cleverer than their peers and can learn more things without suffer. Many games available today, such as Angry Birds, really need some knowledge and deep thought so that you could complete the tasks. Under this circumstance, children can be better at solving problems and smarter in the future.What’s more, comput er games can be a very good way for relaxation. Children is modern society usually have more pressure and are more burdensome. By playing computer games, they can forget their worries and relax themselves. Their mind will be refreshed and they may be better at their work. However, I have to admit that some children are just addicted to computer games and they waste their entire time sitting in front of the computers. In addition, there are many computer games which contain lots of violent scene which is harmful to children. Anyway, these problems can be solved by letting parents to supervise their children about what is the proper game to play.All in all, I draw the conclusion that computer games can benefit children by offering opportunities to gain social abilities, improving intelligence and relaxing. Computer games are good things to enrich a child’s life rather than ruin it.托福TPO11独立写作题目：Question:Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with?Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福TPO11独立写作范文：Internet must be one of the greatest inventions during the 20th century. It shortens the distance between people all over the world by providing various kinds and large amounts of information. In my point of view, I agree that Internet can provide a lot of valuable information, which would benefit us in the long run without troubling at all.By surfing through the Internet, we can get large quantities of useful skills, which can benefit ourselves, from the information that is available on the Internet. Learning these skills can help us keep healthy, gain more money or even improve our living standard. In my country, there used to be some isolated villages, where books and knowledge are hard to spread. People living in these villages lack the basic skills to have a good harvest and they live in the really poor condition.。
TPO31综合写作范文及分析
TPO31综合写作范文Reading Passage：A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx,preserved in volcanic ash,was discovered in Liaoning,China,in1996.Interestingly,the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones.Some paleontologists interpret the lines as evidence that Sinosauropteryx had feathers.However,critics have opposed the idea that Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur, citing several reasons.1996年一只名为Sinosauropteryx(中华龙鸟）的掩埋在火山灰内的恐龙的化石骨架于中国辽宁被发现。
很有趣的是，这个化石中的恐龙骨架周围有一层细纹图案。
一些古生物学家把这些细纹作为中华龙鸟带有翅膀的证据。
但是，批评者通过列举以下原因来反对中华龙鸟是带翼恐龙这样一个观点。
First,the critics points out that the fine lines may not even represent functional structures of a living dinosaur,but rather structures that were formed after the animal’s death.After the animal died and was buried in volcanic ash,its skin may have decomposed into fibers.The skin fibers then became preserved as lines in the fossil;the lines were misinterpreted as evidence of feathers.首先，批评者指出这些细纹甚至不一定表明了一个活着的恐龙的功能结构，而只是恐龙死后所形成的结构。
托福【综合】写作TPO31题目+解析
今天，小编为托福考生们准备了托福综合写作TPO31,希望各位考生们在TPO写作真题里能够得到锻炼，祝广大托福考生能够取得理想成绩。
托福TPO31综合写作 Reading Part:A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved involcanic ash, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, thefossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Somepaleontologists interpret the lines as evidence that Sinosauropteryx hadfeathers. However, critics have opposed the idea that Sinosauropteryx was afeathered dinosaur, citing several reasons.First, the critics points out that the fine lines may not even representfunctional structures of a living dinosaur, but rather structures that wereformed after the animal’s death. After the animal died and was buried involcanic ash, its skin may have decomposed into fibers. The skin fibers thenbecame preserved as lines in the fossil; the lines were misinterpreted asevidence of feathers.Second, even if the fine lines are remains of real structures of aSinosauropteryx, scientists cannot tell with certainty what part of thedinosaur’s anatomy the structures were. Many dinosaurs had frills, ornamentalfan-shaped structures growing out of some parts of their bodies. Some of thecritics argue that the lines surrounding the skeleton are much more likelyto be fossilized remains of frills than remains of feathers.A third objection is based on the fact that the usual functions of feathersare to help animals fly or regulate their internal temperature. However, thestructures represented by the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil were mostlylocated along the backbone and the tail of the animal. This would have made the structures quite useless for flight and of very limited use in thermoregulation. This suggests that the lines do not represent feathers.托福TPO31综合写作 Listening Part:The evidence that the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil representfeathers is very strong. The arguments of the critics are unconvincing.First, it is unlikely that the lines are a result of the decomposition ofthe dinosaur ’s skin, because we don’t see any such decomposition in the fossils of other animals buried at the same site. In fact, the fossils of many other animals buried at the site show evidence that their functional skin structures have been beautifully preserved in volcanic ash. The well-preserved condition of the other fossils makes it likely that the Sinosauropteryx’s lines are also well-preserved functional structures, possibly feathers, and that they are not fibers caused by decomposition.Second, the idea that the lines represent frills… well, there is animportant chemical difference between feathers and frills. Feathers contain a great deal of a protein called Beta-keratin. Frills, on the other hand, do not contain beta-keratin. Our chemical analyses suggest that the Sinosauropteryx structures did contain beta-keratin. So that indicates that the structures were feathers, not frills.Third, feathers can be used for other functions than flight and thermoregulation. Think of a bird, like peacock, for example. The peacock has long, colorful feathers in its tail. And it displays its tail in order to attract a mate. That’s a distinct function of feathers called the display。
托福TPO31综合写作及材料原文 (细选2篇)
托福TPO31综合写作及材料原文(细选2篇)托福TPO31综合写作及材料原文1托福TPO31综合写作及材料原文2新托福TPO11综合写作材料及2A recent study reveals that people especially young people are reading far less literature – novels, plays, and poems –than they used to. This is troubling because the trend has unfortunate effects for the reading public, for culture in general, and for the future of literature itself.最近的研究显示人们，尤其是年轻人不再像以前那样爱读想小说、喜剧或者诗歌这类文学作品了。
这个现象是令人担忧的。
这是因为这对广大读者受众、对广义文化以及对于文学本身未来的发展都是非常不幸的。
While there has been a decline in book reading generally, the decline has been especially sharp for literature. This is unfortunate because nothing else provides the intellectual stimulation that literature does. Literature encourages us to exercise our imaginations, empathize with others, and expand our understanding of language. So, by reading less literature, the reading public is missing out on important benefits.在书籍阅读量下降的大气候下，文学类书籍阅读量下降更为明显。
tpo31口语task4范文
tpo31口语task4范文英文回答：In my opinion, it is important to have a hobby or an activity that I enjoy doing in my free time. Having a hobby not only helps me relax and unwind, but it also provides me with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction. One of my favorite hobbies is playing the guitar.Playing the guitar has always been a passion of mine. I started playing when I was in high school and have been hooked ever since. Whenever I have some free time, I pick up my guitar and start strumming the strings. It is a great way for me to express myself and let go of any stress or worries.Not only does playing the guitar help me relax, but it also allows me to connect with others. I have joined alocal band and we often perform at different events and venues. It is a wonderful feeling to see the audienceenjoying our music and singing along. Music has a way of bringing people together and creating a sense of unity.中文回答：在我看来，拥有一个我喜欢的爱好或活动是很重要的。
托福TPO31独立写作题目文本+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO31独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO31独立写作题目原文： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because the world is changing so quickly, people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 托福TPO31独立写作满分范文： In modern society, there is no denying that our paces speed up. A small proportion of people who cannot keep up with this trend or resist the world for the fittest, may hold a viewpoint that a mutable society leads people to less satisfaction and mitigation of sense of happiness since such a world might cause the alienation between good fellows and contamination of our environment; however, in my view, it is not the case. As a matter of fact, in a world changing more rapidly, people tend to become satisfied much more easily. First illustration which can demonstrate my opinion can be the trail of technological development. In the past five decades, millions of new inventions had appeared, entering our daily life, making it much more convenient. To name a good example, in 1896,Benz assembled the first three-wheel car in the world. Though it brought accidents and mortality to the world, we cannot deny the enjoyment of ferocious speed brought by cars, which made our jaunt convenient. We can simply drop by a old friend 100 miles, a distance taking at least half day before, away in one hour. Another good instance is the invention of smart phone. in 1972, Martin, the chief engineer in Moto devised the first portable telephone. Then, this innovation revolutionized out life. Just simply imagine what our life looked like without cell phones: people could not keep contact with their friends and exigent messages might be blocked. Then in 2007, Steve Jobs brought iPhone with Facetime to the world. The most significant aspect of Facetime is that this app allows us to communicate with actual image, not just voices. Then, how can we state that modern society steals the sense of fraternity among people? Second demonstration which can help me develop my view that a rapidly changing society makes people more satisfied is the use of new energy resources. We may still remember the Great Smog, one of the gravest air pollution accidents in our history due to the heavily gathered inversion layer of sulfur dioxide originated with burning of coal in 1950s, London. People died of respiratory diseases after inhalation of poisonous air. How can they live happily in a world brimmed with pollutions? Butnowadays, we have developed new energy resources to tackle this problem such as hydropower and wind power. To name an example, in 2007, nuclear power plants generate 14% of the total electricity of the US, thus saving tons of coals and reducing the level of inhalable particles. Recently, governments and organizations have taken measures to support researches of renewable resources and to find substitutes for fossil fuels. Natural reserves and sanctuaries are established, places of interest and spots are refurbished, and factories and manufacturers with pestilent exhaust are shut down. People therefore are provided with much more opportunities to relax by enjoying the beauty of nature. To draw a conclusion, in a world that is rapidly changing, we are offered a variety of brand-new experiences and highly evolved products, which make life much easier than before. We are in a world filled with convenience brought by high technologies that develop so fast. Then, how can we blame on the changing world while enjoying happiness and satisfactions originated from them? 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO31独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福TPO31口语Task2题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO31口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO31独立口语Task2题目： Some university students choose to take difficult classes even if they know they might not get a good grade in the class. Other students prefer to take easier classes in which they know they will get a good grade. Which do you prefer? Explain why. 托福TPO31独立口语Task2满分范文： Personally speaking, I prefer to take difficult classes even if I know I might not get a good grade for several reasons. Firstly, taking difficult classes is a challenge that will benefit us in the long run as many skills can be developed through the challenges. For example, I took a literature class when I was still a freshman. At that point, I had a hard time understanding the readings. However, after finishing that class, I developed my communicating skills by frequently asking the professor and my classmates questions, which benefited my through my college. Besides, I can actually learn new things by taking difficult classes. There is no point of taking the same class over and over again. For example, my friend Jenny took two language courses in university and now she can speak four languages fluently. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO31口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福TPO31口语Task1题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO31口语Task1题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO31独立口语Task1题目： Parents need to make sure their children lead healthy lives. What can parents do to help their children have healthy lifestyles? 托福TPO31独立口语Task1满分范文： Parents can affect their children in many different ways. In my opinion, there are two ways that parents can do to help their children have healthy lifestyles. Firstly, parents have to lead healthy lifestyles themselves. For example, since my parents started working out and having healthy diet, I have changed my diet and started going to the gym myself. Children learn from their parents unconsciously. Besides, parents can send their children to summer camps where a group of children live together for a period of time. For example, there are many kinds of summer camps such as Weight Loss Camps and Survival Camps for children to develop different skills. They are very helpful for children to lead a healthy lifestyle. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO31口语Task1题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
tpo31口语task3范文(推荐7篇)
tpo31口语task3范文(推荐7篇)（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作总结、工作计划、合同协议、条据文书、策划方案、句子大全、作文大全、诗词歌赋、教案资料、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work summaries, work plans, contract agreements, doctrinal documents, planning plans, complete sentences, complete compositions, poems, songs, teaching materials, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!tpo31口语task3范文(推荐7篇)tpo31口语task3范文第1篇（1)He does not support the university’s decision.(2）The current system is not bad， since the library has fine computers for students to see where the collections are.(3）The library mainly pays students money to do the work.Thus， it would not be a strain on the university’s budget.tpo31口语task3范文第2篇Bus Service Elimination PlannedThe university has decided to discontinue its free bus service for students.The reason given for this decision is that few students ride the buses and the buses are eXpensive to operate.Currently， the buses run from the center of campus past university buildings and through some of the neighborhoods surrounding the campus.The money saved by eliminating the bus service will be used to eXpand the overcrowded student parking lots.TPO2托福综合口语Task3听力文本：(Man): I dont like the universitys plan.(Woman): Really? Ive ridden those buses and sometimes there were only a few people on the bus.It did seem like a kind of a waste.(Man): I see your point， but I think the problem is that the route is out of date.It only goes to the neighborhood that have gotten too eXpensive for students to live in.It is ridiculous that they have not already changed route， you know，so it goes where most off-campus students live now.I bet if they did that， theyd get plenty of students riding those buses.(Woman): Well， at least they are adding more parking， it has gotten really tough to find a space.(Man): That is the other part I do not like，actually.Cutting back the bus service and adding parking just encourage more students to drive on campus and that just adds to noise around campus and create more traffic.And that II increase the need for more parking spaces.(Woman): Yeah， I guess I can see your point.Maybe it would be better if more students use the buses instead of driving.(Man): Right.And the university should make it easier to do that， not harder.tpo31口语task3范文第3篇Reading Part: Students Need Access to Movie Collection The university library has a large collection of films on video and DVD that students can borrow.However， students aren t allowed to go into the area where these items are kept Instead，students need to request a movie title， and then library staff get it for them.I think students should be allowed to go into the area where the videos and DVDs are kept.First， it will be easier for students to choose a good movie because then they can easily see what is available.Also， if students can get movies themselves， the university won t have to pay eXtra library staff to help students Sincerely， Rebecca Smith tpo31口语task3范文第4篇University Announces Energy-Saving PlanOut of concern for the environment， the university has announced an effort to reduce energy consumption.The energy saving measures will start at the library.One measure involves the library’s inside lighting: new overhead lights that use less power will be installed throughout the building.Another measure has to do with the temperature level in the library.The air-conditioning will be reduced on hot days， meaning that study areas will be kept somewhat warmer when it is hot outside.tpo31口语task3范文第5篇托福口语找到一个专业的外教进行练习还是很有必要的。
托福TPO31综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
¡¡¡¡ÎªÁË°ïÖú´ó¼Ò¸ßЧ±¸¿¼Íи££¬Îª´ó¼Ò´øÀ´Íи£TPO31×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄ+ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄ+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼Ò±¸¿¼ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO31×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡A fossil skeleton of a dinosaur called Sinosauropteryx, preserved in volcanic ash, was discovered in Liaoning, China, in 1996. Interestingly, the fossil included a pattern of fine lines surrounding the skeletal bones. Some paleontologists interpret the lines as evidence that Sinosauropteryx had feathers. However, critics have opposed the idea that Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur, citing several reasons. First, the critics points out that the fine lines may not even represent functional structures of a living dinosaur, but rather structures that were formed after the animal¡¯s death. After the animal died and was buried in volcanic ash, its skin may have decomposed into fibers. The skin fibers then became preserved as lines in the fossil; the lines were misinterpreted as evidence of feathers. Second, even if the fine lines are remains of real structures of a Sinosauropteryx, scientists cannot tell with certainty what part of the dinosaur¡¯s anatomy the structures were. Many dinosaurs had frills, ornamental fan-shaped structures growing out of some parts of their bodies. Some of the critics argue that the lines surrounding the skeleton are much more likely to be fossilized remains of frills than remains of feathers. A third objection is based on the fact that the usual functions of feathers are to help animals fly or regulate their internal temperature. However, the structures represented by the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil were mostly located along the backbone and the tail of the animal. This would have made the structures quite useless for flight and of very limited use in thermoregulation. This suggests that the lines do not represent feathers.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO31×ÛºÏд×÷ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡ProfessorThe evidence that the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil represent feathers is very strong. The arguments of the critics are unconvincing.First, it is unlikely that the lines are a result of the decomposition of the dinosaur's skin, because we don't see any such decomposition in the fossils of other animals buried at the same site. In fact, the fossils of many other animals buried at the site show evidence that their functional skin structures have been beautifully preserved in volcanic ash. The well-preserved condition of the other fossils makes it likely that the Sinosauropteryx's lines are also well-preserved functional structures, possibly feathers, and that they are not fibers caused by decomposition.Second, the idea that the lines represent frills¡-well, there is an important chemical difference between feathers and frills. Feathers contain a great deal of protein called Beta-keratin. Frills, on the other hand, do not contain beta-keratin. Our chemical analyses suggest that the Sinosauropteryx structures did contain beta-keratin. So that indicates that the structures were feathers, not frills.Third, feathers can be used for other functions than flight and thermoregulation. Think of a bird, like peacock, for example. The peacock has long, colorful feathers in its tail. And it displays its tail in orderto attract a mate. That's a distinct function of feathers called the display function. Recently, we have been able to do analyses on the Sinosauropteryx structures that show us that the structures were colorful. They were orange and white. The fact they were colorful strongly supports the idea that they were feathers that this dinosaur use for display.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO31×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ1£º¡¡¡¡The reading passage refutes the idea that the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil indicated a feathered dinosaur by demonstrating several counterarguments. The lecturer, however, is strongly convinced that lines could represent feathers through addressing the questions advanced by the reading. To start with, according to the reading, those lines may derive from decomposition of a died dinosaur¡¯ skin instead of being part of a living one. The lecturer does not believe this point for the reason that other animals¡¯ fossils that are buried at the same site have not shown such kind of decomposition; instead, their functional skin structures have been perfectly preserved in the volcanic ash. Therefore, these lines are likely to be well-preserved feathers instead of fibers. Moving on, the reading proposes that the lines may be the frills rather than remains of feathers. The listening argues this is not true. She further explains that there is an apparent chemical difference between feathers and frills. Feathers contain protein called beta-keratin while frills do not. And the chemical analysis suggested that Sinosauropteryx¡¯s structures contain protein beta-keratin. Last but not least importantly, the reading puts emphasis on such a fact that lines around the backbone and the tail of the Sinosauropteryx cannot play the role of helping it fly or regulating its body temperature but common feathers have these functions. The lecturer, by contrasts mentions other functions of the feathers by using peacock as an example. The peacock has colorful feathers in its tail to attract the mate. Recent analysis has found that Sinosauropteryx¡¯s structures are also colorful, which can also be used for display.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO31×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ2£º¡¡¡¡In the reading passage, critics have opposed the idea that Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur. However, the speaker refutes this criticism and states that the evidence that the lines in the Sinosauropteryx fossil represent feathers is very strong First, although the critics claim that the lines might be formed after animal¡¯s death, which were a result of deposition of dinosaur¡¯s skin, the speaker contends that there are no such decomposition in the fossils of other animals buried at the same site. The Sinosauropteryx¡¯s lines are very likely to be well-preserved since fossils of many other animals buried at the site show that the functional skin structures have been beautifully preserved. Second, some critics hold the idea that surrounding the skeleton are much more likely to be fossilized remains of frills. However, the speaker casts strong doubt over this idea. He states that chemical analyses suggest that the structures were feathers since the structure did contain。
托福综合写作和独立写作范文
TPO 31综合写作Both the reading and the listening materials discuss the idea that whether the Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur. While the reading passage assumes the dinosaur cannot be feathered, the lecturer strongly opposes the reading and believes the three reasons provided are unconvincing.First, as the reading suggests the fine lines are not functional structures but formed after the animal's death, the lecturer believes it is unreasonable to view those fine lines as the outcomes of the decomposition of skin. In fact, there are no fossils of other animals at the same site were found with the similar decomposition; instead, the fossils of other animals discovered there were beautifully preserved, which proves that the fine lines in the Sinosauropteryx are well preserved, functional structures, not fibers formed after death.Second, the reading insists that the fine lines could be frills. However, the lecturer reputes this claim by pointing out that the chemical compositions differ significantly between frills and feathers. That is to way, while feathers consist of much protein called Beta-keratin, frills do not contain such protein. Thus, the fact that the discovered fine lines are proved to contain Beta-keratin indicates that the structures are feathers, not frills.Third, although the reading suggests that the fine line structures are useless for flight or thermoregulation, which are common functions of feathers, the lecturer maintains this is not the case either. He moves on to point out there are other functions performed by feathers such as the display function. To better illustrate this idea, he refers to birds. For example, a peacock may use its tail feathers to attract other peacocks. In fact, the latest research reveal that the fine lines on Sinosauropteryx were colorful - showing the colors of orange and white - and thus they could be feathers for display.In conclusion, while the writer lists three objections to the statements that Sinosauropteryx was a feathered dinosaur, the lecturer casts doubts on all these ideas by providing his own evidence.独立写作It might be widely acknowledged that an individual's level of happiness and satisfaction is hard to measure - if not impossible - due to the pace of changing today. However, when comparing the living quality of the contemporary generation to that of the people in the past, I undoubtedly hold that people at present tend to be happier and more contented. After all, they are embracing the joy and convenience brought about by advanced technology, spiritual pursuit, and social welfare.To begin with, one's quality of life is significantly enhanced by the progression of modern technology. Take transportation for a typical example. Can people today imagine a commute without cars, trains, or aircraft? Unfortunately, such a lifestyle might be mandatory for those living a hundred years ago. Before the advent of steam power, horsepower and manpower are almost predominant in terms of transportation, which means a man had to put in tremendous time and efforts in his daily travel. However, the assorted means of transportation today have given rise to more possibilities in life, considering the huge amount of time and energy saved owing to the convenience of commuting. It is not uncommon to see a man diving in the sea of reading on a train - probably, the four-hour journey becomes a pleasure, rather than an unbearable torture. Therefore, the pleasure and satisfaction gained from modern technology are exquisite for people at present.Another case in point is the joy of spiritual pursuit, which makes the contemporary people free of the temporal, geographical, or even language restraints. Apart from thedevelopment of transportation, the age of Google makes possible an unstoppable, effective communication worldwide. Churches and city halls are no longer the only venues where people can find mental peace; instead, they are equipped with the Internet where even the smallest spiritual inquiry can draw in tens of thousands of responses. Consequently, an individual at present will find him/herself free of the conventional limitations of opinions, for his/her voice can be soundly heard by others who are probably speaking another language, living a totally different lifestyle, and located thousands of miles away. The obtained pleasure and happiness from one's spiritual pursuit are paramount for people nowadays, and such feelings can merely be perceived by those in the past.Last but not least, the enhancement of the social welfare system plays a vital role in improving citizen's feeling of happiness and satisfaction at present time. Just imagine a black Mexican woman's life in America seventy years ago. She was not protected by the law simply because of the color of her skin; she was banned voting simply because of her born gender; she could even be expelled for any working benefits simply because of her origin. Under such circumstance, no one might dare to label her as a happy, contented lady. However, colored women at present are legitimately guaranteed with more rights and social welfares, which include medical care, educational subsidy, and pension. The improved social welfare system leads to a sense of security among citizens, and thus they are more unlikely to get lost even when their immediate surroundings are changing promptly.To sum up, based on an evaluation of the progress in today’s society, it is not unnatural to draw a conclusion that people at present are actually happier and more satisfied than those in the past. Like what have been discussed at the beginning, it is not easy to measure the level of happiness since there is no concrete criterion; however, the improvement of external conditions serves to the well-being of people’s internal awareness.TPO 32Both the reading and the listening passages are discussing the possible causes of "quackers," strange sounds detected by Russian submarines. While the writer provides three assumptions of the sound origins, the speaker, on the contrary, disagrees with all three theories by pointing out certain problems respectively.First, the reading suggests that "quackers" are the calls of male and female ocra whales during a mating process. The lecture believes this theory seems plausible but is quite unlikely to be true. The speaker explains that ocra whales live in general areas of the ocean and mostly around the surface of water; thus, on the one hand, the submarines deep into the ocean could barely hear the sound from the surface, and on the other hand, the sonar system should have detected those whales are nearby by. Therefore, the strange sounds cannot stem from ocra whales.Second, although the reading maintains that the sound could come from giant squids, whose soft bodies with no skeleton make impossible for sonar detection, the speaker belives this is not the case either. In fact, it has been discovered that the "quackers" were firsted detected during the 1960s, and relevant reports continued for two decades until the 1980s when the sounds suddenly disappeared. Therefore, since the giant squids have always been living there, even for today, their constant existence cannot explain why the strange sounds appeared in the 1960s and disappeared two decades later. As a result, the theory of giant squids is proved unconvincing as well.In the end, the speaker believes the third theory provided by the writer - that the sounds were emitted by foreign submarines - cannot hold up. She points out that the sources of detected "quackers" were moving around and promptly changing directions. However, sounds coming from a submarine can hardly move around or change directions fastly. Also, there is no evidence that the engines noises, which are common sounds for a submarine, resembling the "quackers." Therefore, since no submarine technology is able to make it move as fast as the "quackers" and no engines can be totally silent for detection, the strange sounds cannot origin from a foreign submarine.What are the most important decisions that lead the future of society? Education, politics, and economy – just to name a few. To measure one’s influence on the decision-making process of a social event, it is critical to evaluate their roles in different social sections. Given the significance part the younger generation nowadays plays in a society, I believe their influence is enormous, if not indispensable.To begin with, owing to the reformation of our education system, the younger generation is now playing a more influential role than ever at school. For one thing, they are the dominant elements that the entire process of curriculum design, lesson plan, and extracurricular activities has been centered on. Schools and other institutions regard the learning experience of their students as a unanimous priority all the time, not to mention those caring teachers who feel obligatory to ask for periodical feedback from their students as class assessment. As a result, students at present find their opinions and experiences more likely to be heard and considered in and out of class, which consequently influences the future of education in a society.Another area that the youth generation is playing an influential role is politics. The unprecedented advancement of such high-tech platforms as the Internet, smartphones, and social media has equipped the young people with more initiatives to express their political opinions. Moreover, as the youth tend to be more flexible in learning new technologies, it is hardly deniable that they are the dominating groups either on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or on a certain forum. As a result, though most under-18 youngsters are not legally able to vote, their voices are not neglected; instead, they are exerting a huge impact on those who are allowed to vote, as they may often share opinions on the same social network. Therefore, almost every political decision is determined under the influence of the younger generation by all means.Last but not least, young people’s views are highly valued in today’s economic decisions. It is widely acknowledged that any business decision is made due to various factors, two of which are market demands and consumption power. The youth, in this regard, constitute a major proportion of customers who not only show high demands but also enjoy strong consumption power. For example, the video game industry has become one of the most prosperous economic section worldwide, with tens of thousands of new games launching every year and millions of billions of profits accordingly. From Plants vs. Zombies to Minecraft, the most successful and lucrative video games are designed based on a thorough investigation on the needs, preferences, and requirements of their primary, targeted users – the young people. Thus, they become the predominant voice in directing the decision-making process of a business, and more profoundly, the future path of the economy in a society.To sum up, the young generation has a valuable and vital impact on the important decisions made for the future of a society. Such influences are revealed in such social sections as education, politics, and economy.TPO 33综合写作Both the reading and the listening passages discuss the purposes and meanings of the carved stone balls, a strange type of artifact during the Neolithic period. While the author in the reading provides three possible theories in regard to this issue, the speaker in the following lecture holds that none of the theories is convincing.The first theory provided by the author is that the carved stone balls could serve as weapons for the purpose of hunting or fighting. However, this is not the case, according to the speaker. She mentions that of the commonly-used Neolithic weapons such as arrows, there were always signs of wearing, and thus there should be such signs in the discovered stone balls if the theory of weapons holds up. However, although some of theballs do show cracks or broken pieces, the general of them have no damage at all, which indicates they cannot be used as weapons.Second, the reading suggests the stone balls could be a part of a weights-and-measures system due to the uniform size. However, the lecture reputes this theory by pointing out that the stone balls are actually varying in terms of mass and density. More specifically, they are made of various types of stones such as sandstone and green stone, which leads to noticeable differences in their density. Thus, although the balls are same in size, their weights can be dramatically different. The speaker then uses an example which compares the weight of feathers and that of stones. A handful of feathers may be in same size of a handful of stones, but their weights are tremendously different. Therefore, the second theory in the reading is not persuasive.In the end, the speaker holds that the third theory held by the author who believes in the social purpose of carved stone balls is unlikely to be true either. For one thing, even though some of the stone balls are carved with intricate patterns, many of them have merely simple designs, so that they cannot be representing the important social status of their owners. For another, during the Neolithic period, those high-ranking figures were usually buried with their processions; however, there is no discovery of carved stone balls in any tomes or graves during that period of time. Thus, the theory suggesting the social purpose of stone balls is untenable.独立写作In contemporary ages, learning might be one of the few experiences that we all share. The learning journey starts at a very early age that hardly no one can recall, and goes on until our last breath. Thus, it is of great importance to evaluate different means oflearning. As far as I am concerned, the students learn much more effectively when working together rather than when working alone on school projects.To begin with, working together with other students and colleagues can dramatically enhance productivity in a given school project. That is to say, cooperation means a mighty, collective power that far outweighs the effect of working alone. For example, a school projects may include such several phases as researching, planning, implementing, assessing, and refining. Apart from how time-consuming it could be to finish the work before deadline, it would be more desirable if a number of students could focus on the researching phase and let others cope with the planning or implementing processes. In the end, the fruit of work attributes to all members participating in the project and perfecting in their own role. On the contrary, if one decides to work independently, even a handy school project can end up to be a “missio n impossible.”Another benefit of working together lies in the improved quality of one’s learning process. That is to say, in spite of finishing a single project, a person gains much more by observing and communicating with his/her peers. It is highly possible that one finds him/herself establishing unbreakable friendships with a couple of classmates because they happen to work for months in a project. Or, it is also possible that one finds an agitating personality flaw in him/herself – for example, being too stubborn – when involving into an endless quarrel with another. In that case, working on the school projects allows students with a precious chance to not only widen their social network and but also reflect on their characteristics. Both benefits are imperatively essential for one’s future success and unfortunately difficult to obtain when working alone.Admittedly, those who stands for independent work have their merits. After all, it seems difficult – if not impossible at all – to avoid occasional controversies, disagreements, or even quarrels when an individual works within a group. It also means that students in a group have to deal with times when different viewpoints hamper the project process in an annoying way. However, it should be noted that such concerns can in effect be readily addressed if rules are set up beforehand and a trustworthy leadership is confirmedalongside. In that condition, students in a same group would find it much easier to deal with problems while in the meantime reaching the common ground faster.To sum up, when teachers assign school projects on which students must work together, they are not doing this without a purpose or a good intention. Students, on the other hand, should take advantages of such precious opportunities to not only rock their school work but also learn from the experience itself.TPO34综合写作Both the reading and the listening passage discuss the possible causes for the extinction of the Steller's sea cow, a marine animal living around Bering Island off the coast of Siberia. While the writer in the reading provides three theories about the primary causes of the extinction, the lecturer in the listening holds that all these theories are problematic to some extent.The first theory provided by the writer centers on the overhunting problem of the native Siberian people. However, the lecturer points out that sea cows were actually massive creatures - approximately 9 meters in length and over 10 tons in weight. Even a couple of sea cows could provide months of food for a Siberian village. Besides, the population of the native Siberians was not large at that time. Therefore, while the Siberians did hunt sea cows for food, they could not hunt a lot of them. In this regard, the first theory about overhunting is untenable.Second, the reading suggests the extinction could also be caused by ecosystems disturbances which led to a decline of kelp, the major food source for sea cows. This, however, is not the case either, according to the lecturer. In his view, if there were indeed severe ecosystems disturbances before 1768, the kelp could not be the only kind of animal whose population was significantly impacted. That is to say, other parts of the ecosystems should also show signs of influence due to the disturbances. For example, other marine creatures, such as whales, should also be badly impacted. However, fishships did not find evidence for a noticeable decline in the whale population around that area during that time. Consequently, there was no broader ecosystem problems and the kelp population was probably fine. In other words, the theory food shortage provided in the reading is unconvincing either.In the end, the lecturer firstly admits that the third theory in the reading - that the European fur traders could cause the extinction - seems possible at the first glance, but he then points out that this theory is unlikely to be true. In illustrating this idea, he mentions that by the time the Europeans arrived, the sea cow population had already been very small, and its largest population was, in fact, hundreds of years before the 1700s. Thus, something must have happened before those traders arrived; and that "something" should be the main cause for the extinction of sea cows rather than the European traders who were merely the last to arrive at the island.独立写作The age of Google has been exerting its inevitable impacts on every aspect of an individual life, with the field of education being no exception. It is quite understandable that some would worry about the potential drawbacks brought about by the Internet, especially for those standing for the conventional education beliefs. However, in my opinion, I disagree with the statement that the youth education becomes harder because students are spending too much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking websites. Instead, it is indeed the advent of such technologies that open up new avenues for the future of education.To begin with, such new technologies as cell phone, online games, and social media sites serve as new sources for knowledge, which in turn benefit the student’s learningprocess. That is to say, in-class curriculum is no longer the authoritative, sole voice in education, which means the role of teachers becomes less significant to some extent. Is this a good thing? Positively. With new sources to conduct research, communicate with others, and share opinions, children will find it much easier accessing to more versatile facets of education. Even for those who can hardly digest what they are impacted in class while feeling too embarrassed to ask for help from teachers, they are now embracing the comfort and the pleasure of anonymity online -their cell phones become their portable fountain of knowledge. So, next time when a child is accused to spend too much time on his/her cell phone, chances are he/she is just buried him/herself in learning, rather than wasting time.Besides, education is in effect getting easier today since most schools and institutions have been incorporating multimedia devices into their classrooms. Such attempts have given rise to very desirable outcomes. For example, a series of research on the field of learning sciences have justified the role that online games plays in educating children in regard to such skills as algebra, word spelling, and basic geometry. Those who consider the traditional lecture-based classrooms tedious are more likely to speak highly of the game-oriented learning experience. Another example lies in the use of social media, such as Facebook. In fact, virtual groups established via Facebook are able to provide impressively functional platforms for the asynchronical communication that connects every one in a class. Not only do private groups enable effective, in-time communication between teachers and children, they but also help engender a sense of security and belonging among the children, who consider themselves valued and appreciated by the elders since they are closely connected to each other on social media.Admittedly, it is still possible that education becomes a more difficult task today because there are always students spending so much time on phones, games, and Facebook that their scores are dramatically harmed. However, it should be noted here that such problem can be promptly addressed if children are not banned of using technologies, but taught with the proper, beneficial ways of using them. In this regard, incorporating media devices into classroom teaching is an effective approach by all means. Also,children should be encouraged by both parents and teachers to make advantage of the enormous learning sources online to explore their academic interests, whatever they are.To sum up, I believe education has become an easier task today since the technologies of cell phones, online games, and social networking websites have brought about several benefits to children’s learning process. For those worrying about the drawbacks of technology, they should know that education is never an easy task, as it always takes time and efforts from the very first day of school. However, technologies are designed to make life easier, not harder.。
tpo31口语task4范文
tpo31口语task4范文英文回答：In my opinion, technology has both positive and negative effects on our lives. On the positive side, technology has greatly improved our communication and made it easier for us to connect with people around the world. For example, with the advent of social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram, I can easily keep in touch with my friends and family who live in different countries. We can share photos, videos, and even have video calls to catch up with each other. This has really brought us closer despite the physical distance between us.Furthermore, technology has also made our lives more convenient. We can now shop online and have our purchases delivered right to our doorstep. This saves us time and effort, especially for those who have busy schedules. In addition, technology has also revolutionized the way we work. With the rise of remote working, we can now work fromanywhere and have more flexibility in managing our time. This has greatly improved work-life balance for many people.However, technology also has its downsides. One major concern is the impact it has on our privacy. With the increasing use of smartphones and smart devices, our personal information is constantly being collected and monitored. This raises concerns about data security and the potential for misuse of our personal information. For example, there have been cases of data breaches andidentity theft, which can have serious consequences for individuals.Another negative effect of technology is the impact it has on our physical and mental health. With the rise of sedentary lifestyles and excessive screen time, many people are becoming more inactive and experiencing health issues such as obesity and eye strain. Moreover, the constant exposure to social media and online platforms can also have negative effects on our mental well-being. It can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and social isolation.中文回答：在我看来，科技对我们的生活有着积极和消极的影响。
英语31期报纸a版作文
英语31期报纸a版作文In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact of technology on our lives. With the rapid advancement of technology, we are becoming increasingly reliant on it for various aspects of our daily routines. While technology has undoubtedly brought numerous benefits, it is important to consider the potential drawbacks and find a balance between its use and our well-being.One of the most evident effects of technology is its influence on our social interactions. With the rise of social media platforms, we are now able to connect with people from all over the world, share our thoughts and experiences, and stay updated on current events. However, this virtual form of communication often lacks the depth and intimacy that face-to-face interactions provide. It is not uncommon to see people sitting together in silence, engrossed in their smartphones, rather than engaging in meaningful conversations. This shift in our social behavior raises concerns about the impact on our ability to form genuine connections and maintain healthy relationships.Furthermore, technology has revolutionized the way we work and learn. With the advent of remote work and online education, we are no longer bound by physical limitations. We can now collaborate with colleagues and attend classes from the comfort of our own homes. This has undoubtedly increased convenience and flexibility in our lives. However, it has also blurred the boundaries between work and personal life. Many individuals find themselves constantly connected to their work, checking emails and responding to messages even during their leisure time. This constant connectivity has led to a rise in stress levels and a decrease in work-life balance.In addition, technology has transformed the way we access information. With a few clicks, we can now find answers to almost any question we have. This easy access to information has undoubtedly enhanced our knowledge and learning capabilities. However, it has also resulted in information overload and decreased critical thinking skills. With the abundance of information available, it becomes crucial for individuals to develop theability to discern reliable sources and evaluate the credibility of the information they encounter.Moreover, the rise of technology has had a profound impact on our physical and mental health. The sedentary lifestyle associated with excessive screen time has contributed to a rise in obesity rates and various health issues. Additionally, the constant exposure to social media and online platforms has been linked to increased feelings of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. It is important for individuals to be mindful of their technology usage and incorporate regular physical activity and digital detoxes into their routines.In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly brought numerous benefits to our lives, it is important to consider its potential drawbacks and find a balance between its use and our well-being. The impact of technology on our social interactions, work-life balance, access to information, and physical and mental health cannot be ignored. By being aware of the potential pitfalls and making conscious choices about our technology usage, we can ensure that technology remains a tool that enhances our lives rather than dominates them.。
tpo32独立写作
tpo32独立写作题目：“现代科技对人类的影响”现代科技逐渐渗透到人类生活的方方面面，带来了巨大的方便和改变。
然而，科技的发展也带来了一系列的问题和挑战。
本文就探讨现代科技对人类的影响，从以下几个角度进行讨论：交通、通讯、医疗、教育、娱乐、生活方式等。
1. 交通随着现代科技的发展，交通工具越来越先进，轮船、飞机、高铁等交通方式速度越来越快，时间和空间的差距被进一步缩短。
这对于人们的出行带来了极大的便利，让人们有更多的时间和机会了解世界各地的文化和风情。
但是，随着人们的出行频率越来越高，交通工具的数量和规模也不断扩大，给环境带来了极大的压力和破坏。
2. 通讯智能手机和互联网的普及，使得人们之间的联系更加紧密，距离越来越远的人们之间也可以通过视频聊天、社交媒体等方式进行交流，加强了人际之间的联系。
但是，过度依赖手机和互联网，使得人们的社交关系变得虚拟化，缺乏真实的面对面交流，并容易让人变得孤独。
3. 医疗现代科技的发展也给医疗行业带来了巨大的改变，许多疾病被彻底治愈，人的寿命也逐渐延长。
现代医疗设备的先进，使得治疗方法更加精确和有效。
但是，随着医疗成本的不断上升，医疗服务也变得越来越昂贵，很多人面临着无法承受医疗费用的局面。
4. 教育现代科技也为教育提供了更多的机会和创新，学生可以通过网络学习更多的知识，并参与到在线教育平台的学习和活动中。
但是，随着教育的商业化和品牌化，教育资源被越来越少的人所掌握，给其它人的学习和发展带来了很大的障碍。
5. 娱乐现代科技带来了各种各样的娱乐方式，比如电影、游戏、音乐等，让人们的生活更加丰富和多彩。
但是，随着娱乐内容和方式的进一步细分和个性化，娱乐产业也变得越来越庞大和商业化，给人们的精神生活带来了一些压力和困扰。
6. 生活方式现代科技的发展也改变了人们的生活方式，比如食品加工变得更加科学，生活用品更加智能化。
但是，人们的生活节奏也变得更加繁忙和压力巨大，社会问题也变得越来越复杂和严重。
托福范文31-40
31. It has recently been announced that a new high school may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details in your answer.I oppose having a new high school built in my neighborhood. Althou gh I know there’s a real need for a new facility, I have to say that I don’t want one built so close to me. I think it would cause a lot of problems.First of all, there are very few teenagers in this neighborhood, or in our suburban subdivision, for that matter. Most of the residents here are either retired or are just starting out with young children. This means that the kids coming to the new high school wouldn’t be walking. They would come on buses or would be driving to the school. Either way, this would mean a lot more traffic on our streets.In addition to the traffic on school days, there also would be traffic whenever there was a sporting event, such as a basketball or football game, or activities at the school. Would there be enough parking in the school lot for everyone attending those events? Probably not. Consequently, those extra cars would end up our neighborhood.My neighbors and I would also be upset about the loss of the park, which is the site that’s been selected for the high school. Mothers with young children gather there every morning for their kids to play together. People my age like to take a walk after dinner. On weekends, that park is a place for picnic and relaxation. We’d be sorry to lose our neighborhood park.I also have some concerns about all those young people being in our neighborhood. Would there be problems with drugs or fights? Could the school district guarantee us that security would be a priority? These are concerns that I don't think can be addressed sufficiently for me to support a new high school in my neighborhood.32 Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughout their lives, looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. Which do you prefer: saying in one place or moving in search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.Even though I have lived in the same house, in the same neighborhood, in the same city my entire life. I know I would be happy living in a variety of place. Moving would expose me to new people, new weather, and new housing.Even if I were to move to another part of my city, I would encounter new people. Each neighborhood has a distinct personality. When I move to that neighborhood, I would meet the shopkeepers and residents that shape that personality. I may even adopt part of there manner as my own so I could be recognized as part of that community.If I want to encounter different weather patterns, I would have to move beyond my city. Where I live now, it is the same temperature all year, I would like to go to a place where there are four seasons so I can experience really cold temperatures. I would like to walk in the snow and perhaps go skiing. I could learn winter sports if I lived in the north.Now of course, I live with my parents in their home. It is a one story house built around a courtyard where our family spends a lot of time. If I were to move, I would like to live in an apartment on a very high floor so I could see all around me. I could also meet my neighbors in theelevator and we could get together for coffee in my apartment.The more I move the more I would experience change. I would meet new people in every place I lived; I could move to sample countries with four seasons or even a continent like Antarctica which only has two. Wherever I lived, I would experience living in housing particular to that area. I would then be a citizen of the world, wouldn’t I? Could you call me a foreigner if I called everyplace my home?33. Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.“Save it for rainy day.” That’s my motto. When I have a choice between spending my money or putting it in my savings account at the bank, I always put it in the bank.I will have a lot of expenses in the future like my education, travel, and unforeseen emergencies. I need to have money set aside for these expenses.Education is expensive. I can’t depend on my parents to pay all my bills. I have tuition, room and board, books, and incidental expenses to pay for. I’ll try to get a scholarship to cover some of these costs, but I know I will be responsible for a lot of the expenses. If I spend my money now, I won’t be able to pay for my education. I need to save money for my education.Travel is also very expensive. I don’t mean vacation travel. I mean travel to get to and from school. Transpacific airfare costs a lot even special reduced fares. I first have to get to school and then, of course, I want to return to my family for important festivals and occasions. Going back and forth will be costly, but worth it. I need to save money for these trips.Emergencies could arrive at any moment. I might have an unexpected illness while I am at school. There might be costs that won’t covered by the school insurance. One of my family members may need help, I will have to send them money. Y ou can’t predict emergencies like this, but you can be prepared. I need to save money for these emergencies.When you are not rich, you cannot spend your money carelessly. Y ou must plan ahead. I know in my life, I will have expenses for my schooling and for travelling to and from my home. I know that I will also have unexpected expenses related to unforeseen emergencies. I must be prepared. I need to save money for these events.34. Y ou have received a gift of money. The money is enough to buy either a piece of jewelry you like or tickets to a concert you want to attend. Which would you buy? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.The choice between spending money on tickets to a concert or spending money on jewelry is an easy one. Given this choice, I would buy jewelry. The reasons are obvious, jewelry is an investment; it is permanent; and it is fashionable.Jewelry like a gold bracelet for example is a very good investment. It is important for women( and for man, too) to have gold jewelry. If you have some serious financial problem, you could always sell your jewelry to help you over any rough spots. Y ou could not sell your used concert ticket.Jewelry, unless you sell it, is permanent. Y ou always have it ware. Each time you put it on , you will remember the day you bought it. It will give you pleasure for years and years. Y ou couldnot wear the ticket stub from the concert.Jewelry is very fashionable. I would feel very smart wearing a beautiful gold bracelet or diamond pin. People would comment and tell me how much they loved my jewelry. They would compliment me on my good taste.I would feel very rich with my jewelry. I would have a good investment which is permanent and fashionable. Then, when someone invites me to a concert( and pays for my ticket), I will have something beautiful to wear.35. Y ou must select a person to teach others to do a job. Which one of the following is the most important for you to consider in making you selection?●The person’s education●The person’s work experience●The quality of the person’s previous workUse specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Training someone to do a job is an important task. It requires a good education, work experience, and skilled job performance. Of these three requirements, I believe it is most important that a potential job trainer be judged on the quality of his or her previous work.A person may be well educated, but not able to perform a job proficiently. A doctor may know how to treat childhood diseases, but not be able to train medical students to perform surgery. An accountant may be able to balance a company’s accounts, but not be able to help the company’s executives invest their money.A person may have a lot of work experience, but not be able to do the job well. Time is not the best measure of quality. A mother may spend 17-years raising her children, but not be able to train young mothers to care for their infants. A typist may have typed ten-years worth of letters, but may not type over 30 words a minute.A person who does a job well is the one you want to be a trainer. I want to learn to fly a plane from a pilot who has faced a lot of mechanical problems in flight and never had an accident. I want to learn how to make money from a billionaire not form a salaried investment broker.As in all things, it is quality that we look for, not general knowledge or time spent in an occupation. I want others to learn from the best, so they can be the best, too.36. Business should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.In some business cultures, it is the practice to hire workers when they are young and employ them until they retire. In other business cultures companies hire people to do a job and then fire them when they are not needed. To me, the important consi derations in today’s economy is job performance: speed and change. Loyalty is not a consideration.Today there is a lot of competition and we need to hire workers who can perform a task well. We need to find skilled workers who can do a job without a lot of training. We need to match the job to the worker, and, if the job changes, we change the worker.Because of this increased competition, we need to be able to produce our goods or services quickly. We need young people who are willing to put in long hours. We need young people whoare aggressive and will push themselves to do their job faster.In order to compete, we have to be innovative. By changing our workforce frequently, we can bring in new ideas. We must constantly be looking for new ways to do new things. We need fresh workers with fresh points of view.Although a company’s loyalty to a worker and a workers loyalty to a company is a noble idea, it is not practical today. Skilled workers do not want to be tied down to one company; they want the flexibility to improve their opportunities. Change makes the economy powerful.37. Countries, businesses, and schools are three areas that need good leaders. Choose one of these three areas and describe the most important qualities of a leader in that area. Explain why these qualities are important, using specific examples and details.The principal of a school is one of our first encounters with a figure of authority. Consequently, he or she must be a good example of a leader. The principal must be firm, fair and foresighted which are important qualities of a principal.When a principal announces a rule, you must understand that he or she means it. If a rule requires all students to be in their seats when the bell rings, the rule must be enforced. If students are out of their seats, they should be punished. If a rule requires that students not wear bats in school, the rule must be enforced. If students wear bats, the bats must be taken away from them. A principal must be firm.When a principal enforces a rule, you must understand that he or she will treat everyone equally. If I get caught eating at my desk, I must receive the same punishment that my classmate got when she got caught eating at her desk. If a sophomore is late for school, he or she must receive the same punishment that a senior would. A principal must be fair.When a principal establishes a rule, you must understand that he or she has a good reason for it. If a rule requires that students must participate in extracurricular sports, you should understand that the principal knows that a strong body as well as a strong mind will help us in the future. If a rule requires that students must do two hours of volunteer work in the community each week, you should understand that the principal knows that close involvement in the community builds strong character. A principal must be foresighted.A principal’s job is not as easy one. I only hope that in the future, I can model my own leadership abilities on the ones I observed in school. I hope I can be as firm, fair, and foresighted as my principal.38 Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people’s lives.●Automobiles●Bicycles●AirplanesUse specific reasons and examples to support your answer.An airpla ne is a form of transportation that has changed people’s lives. Thanks to the plane, our lives are now faster, more exciting, and more convenient that before.Y ou cannot deny that a plane is fast. For example, the Concorde flies at supersonic speed. A businessman can leave Paris at 11 a.m. in the morning and arrive in New Y ork at 8 a.m. the same morning in time for a day’s work. Many business people in Europe will fly to London for a noon morning in time for a day’s work. Many business people in Europe will fly to London for a noon meeting and then return home to Rome or Madrid for dinner.It is always exciting to take a plane trip. When you take a trip by plane, you know that you might cross many time zones, many oceans, and many countries. When you get off the plane, you could be in a place that speaks a different language. A plane is like a magician’s trick. Y ou get in a box and you come out somewhere totally different.Nothing can beat the convenience of a plane. In the old days, it might take you days to do what the plane can do it an hour. Boats, for example, only leave on certain days of the week and take a long time to get to their destination. Planes give you the option to leave several times a day and get you to your destination quickly.Although other forms of transportation may be more comfortable, none has changed the way we do business and live our lives more than the plane. Thanks to the speed, excitement, and convenience of the planes, our lives are richer.39. Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Who would disagree with the statement “ progress is good”? Without progress , there would be no change. Without progress, there would be no change in our economy, our standard of living, or our health.Progress is required to keep the economy moving forward. New products need to be developed; new services need to be created. Without progress, our economy would stand still. There would be no change. Without progress, there would be no supermarkets with fress produce brought in from all over the world.Progress is required to improve our standard of living. Our homes today are more efficient and use less natural resources thanks to improvement in home construction techniques. Our clothes are warmer and safer thanks to developments in textile manufacturing. Our educational system is better thanks to the use of the computers and the Internet.Progress is required to improve the heath of the world population. Without progress, there would be no vaccines against deadly diseases like smallpox. Without progress, there would be increased infant mortality. Thanks to progress, our lives are longer and healthier.Progress is a natural state. Without it, we would not evolve. Without it, our ec onomy, our standard of living, and our health would deteriorate. Who could deny the necessity of progress.40 Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.People often say “ Those who don’t understand history will repeat the mistakes of the past.” I totally disagree. I don’t see any evidence that people have made smart decisions based on their knowledge of the past. To me, the present is what is important, not the past. I think that people, theweather, and politics determine what happens, not the past.People can change. We can’t assume that people will continue to hate one another just because they have had hated one another for years. Look at Turkey and Greece. When Turkey had an earthquake, Greece sent aid. When Greece had an earthquake, Turkey sent aid. Now, these two countries are cooperating and looking forward to improved relations. No doubt, if we looked at the past, we could have thought this was a lost cause. But people change.The weather can change. Farmers think that they can plant certain crops because these crops have always grown well in their fields before. But the weather can change. There can be a long drought. The crops that have always worked well , will die. A drought-resistant crop needs to be tried. If we looked at the past, we would not have changed our crop and we would have lost our farm. Weather changes.Politics an change. According to my way of thinking, politicians must be responsive to changes in the people. If politicians looked only at the past, they would always say the same thing. People change. On the whole, people today care about human rights. They warn all people to have the equal rights. If we looked at the past in the United States, we would see a lot of discrimination against races, women, and sexual orientation. Now, that is changing. Politicians changes, too.As a rule what is important today is to follow the mood of the moment. We can’t be looked in t he past. It doesn’t do us any good to think about the past. People, the weather, and politics can change in any direction. The direction of this change, in my opinion, can not be predicted by studying the past.。
TPO 31 SPEAKING之欧阳术创编
TOEFL SPEAKING OF TPO 31Task 1Parents need to make sure their children lead healthy lives. What can parents do to help their children have healthy lifestyles? Preparation Time: 15 secondsResponse Time: 45 seconds_______________________________________________________ _____________Task 2Some university students choose to take difficult classes even if they know might not get a good grade in the class. Other students prefer to take easier classes in which they know they will get a good grade. Which do you prefer? Explain why.Preparation Time: 15 secondsResponse Time: 45 seconds_______________________________________________________ _____________Task 3Reading Time: 50 secondsStudents Need Access to Movie CollectionThe university library has a large collection of films on video and DVD that students can borrow. However, students aren’t allowed to go into the area where this items are kept. Instead, students need to request a movie title, and then library staff get it for them. I think students should be allowed to go into the area where the videos and DVDs are kept. First, it will be easier for students to choose a good movie because then they can easily see what is available. Also, if students can get movie themselves, the univ ersity won’t have to pay extra library staff to help students.Sincerely,Rebecca SmithThe man expresses his opinion of student’s proposal. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state his opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. Preparation Time: 30 SecondsResponse Time: 60 Seconds_______________________________________________________ ________________________Task 4Reading Time: 45 secondsMentalAccountingAlthough they may not realize it, people do not always manage theirmoney in responsible way. In their minds, people tend to divide their money into different categories as if they were putting it into separate mental bank accounts. This tendency is known as mental accounting. People mentally store some money in one account to be saved, while they imagine other money being stored in another account from which money can be taken and freely spent. Mental accounting can lead people to spend more money than they should, which can make it difficult for them to save enough to achieve their long-term financial goals.Using the examples from the professor’s lecture, explain the concept of mental accounting.Preparation Time: 30 SecondsResponse Time: 60 Seconds_______________________________________________________ ________________________Task 5Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of two solutions from the conversation you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation. Preparation Time: 20 SecondsResponse Time: 60 Seconds_______________________________________________________________________________Task 6Using the example of the owl and the wolf, explain how two special body features have helped Artic animals adapt to the cold. Preparation Time: 20 SecondsResponse Time: 60 Seconds。
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托福TPO31独立写作题目Question:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Because the world is changing so quickly, people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福TPO31独立写作范文：
In modern society, there is no denying that our paces speed up. A small proportion of people who cannot keep up with this trend or resist the world for the fittest, may hold a viewpoint that a mutable society leads people to less satisfaction and mitigation of sense of happiness since such a world might cause the alienation between good fellows and contamination of our environment; however, in my view, it is not the case. As a matter of fact, in a world changing more rapidly, people tend to become satisfied much more easily.
First illustration which can demonstrate my opinion can be the trail of technological development. In the past five decades, millions of new inventions had appeared, entering our daily life, making it much more convenient. To name a good example, in 1896,Benz assembled the first three-wheel car in the world. Though it brought accidents and mortality to the world, we cannot deny the enjoyment of ferocious speed brought by cars, which made our jaunt convenient. We can simply drop by a old friend 100 miles, a distance taking at least half day before, away in one hour. Another good instance is the invention of smart phone. in 1972, Martin, the chief engineer in Moto devised the first portable telephone. Then, this innovation revolutionized out life. Just simply imagine what our life looked like without cell phones: people could not keep contact with their friends and exigent messages might be blocked. Then in 2007, Steve Jobs brought iPhone with Facetime to the world. The most significant aspect of Facetime is that this app allows us to communicate with actual image, not just voices. Then, how can we state that modern society steals the sense of fraternity among people?
Second demonstration which can help me develop my view that a rapidly changing society makes people more satisfied is the use of new energy resources. We may still remember the Great Smog, one of the gravest air pollution accidents in our history due to the heavily gathered inversion layer of sulfur dioxide originated with burning of coal in 1950s, London. People died of respiratory diseases after inhalation of poisonous air. How can they live happily in a world brimmed with pollutions? But nowadays, we have developed new energy resources to tackle this problem such as hydropower and wind power. To name an example, in 2007, nuclear power plants generate 14% of the total electricity of the US, thus saving tons of coals and reducing the level of inhalable particles. Recently, governments and organizations have taken measures to support researches of renewable resources and to find substitutes for fossil fuels. Natural reserves and sanctuaries are established, places of interest and spots are refurbished, and factories and manufacturers with pestilent exhaust are shut down. People therefore are provided with much more opportunities to relax by enjoying the beauty of nature.
To draw a conclusion, in a world that is rapidly changing, we are offered a variety of brand-new experiences and highly evolved products, which make life much easier than before. We are in a world filled with convenience brought by high technologies that develop so fast. Then, how can we blame on the changing world while enjoying happiness and satisfactions originated from them?。