2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc

合集下载

2012上海高考英语试卷及完整第一、二卷答案(word版)

上海英语试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第1卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

第1卷（共105分）I . Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport.2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer.C. Secretary and boss.D. Receptionist and guest.4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert.C. Sandy shouldn't have given that much.D. Dave must be mad with the money5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man's offer.6．A.2 B.3． C.4．D．57. A. Both of them drink too much coffee.B. The woman doesn't like coffee at all.C. They help each other stop drinking coffee.D. The man is uninterested in the woman's story8. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He hesitates whether to help or not.C. He'll help if the woman doesn't mindD. He can't help move the cupboard.9. A. He's planning to find a new job.B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess.C. He's too busy to clean his houseD. He has already cleaned his new house,10. A. She doesn't agree with the man.B. She is good at finding a place to stay.C. She could hardly find the truth.D. She had no travel experience in Britain.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage11. A. Use the company's equipment. B. Give orders to robotsC. Make decisions for the company.D. Act as Big Brother.12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees' children are happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. HonestyQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. Canada had a smaller population. B. Land was cheaper in Canada.C. They wanted to continue the Revolution.D. They were against Britain.15. A. They standardized Canadian English.B. They settled there after the Revolution.C. They enjoy a very high social position.D. They make up a small part of the population16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French.C. It is mainly linked to British culture.D. It dates back to the late 17th century. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creativethinking.A. ForB. WithoutC. BeneathD. By26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little.A. will teachB. teachC. are taughtD. will be taught27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone28. The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol.A. wouldn'tB. needn'tC. won'tD. mustn't29. Only with the greatest of luck _ to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage30. — I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.— I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one.A. will have savedB. will be savingC. has savedD. saves31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside.A. eachB. everyC. otherD. another32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.A. onceB. ifC. afterD. unless33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of34. There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. whether35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts?A. whichB. themC. thatD. whom36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded37. — Was it by cutting down staff _ _she saved the firm?— No, it was by improving work efficiency.A. whenB. whatC. howD. that38. —We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?— No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which39. "Genius" is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors.A. involvedB. involvingC. to involveD. being involved40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ _ he goes to a new place.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. howeverSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlydrinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 42 ."There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale."He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme（试行方案）with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example,shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 62 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A. study B. way C. word D. college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he________.A. broke the world recordB. collected money for OxfamC. destroyed several bikesD. travelled about 1,300 hours66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably meanA. Very slow but exciting.B. V ery long and difficult.C. Very smooth but tiring.D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _______.A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?A. Imaginative.B. Patriotic.C. Modest.D. Determined.(B)The value-packed, all-inclusivesight-seeing package thatcombines the best of Sydney'sharbour, city, bay and beachhighlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimitedand flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the 'blue' Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid (有效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.SydneyPass Fares*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of agefrom the same family.69. A SydneyPass doesn’t offer unlimited rides on ______.A. the Explorer BusesB. the harbour cruisesC. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can________.A. save fares from and to the airportB. take the Sydney Explorer to beachesC. enjoy the famous seafood for freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.(C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ('befriend").Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _____ .A. turn to friends for helpB. solve a conflict calmlyC. find an escape from realityD. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage?A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stressC. How researchers overcome stress problemsD. How researchers handle stress-related disordersSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each– that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.77.Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading, and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.78.Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the “whole language" method and the "phonic" method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a "p" and another a "b". Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.79.You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start "ear training" their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.80.Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child's learning disabilities.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81. "This pattern of age segregation" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from82. Besides changes in the workplace, are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.83. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?84. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?第II卷（共45分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．她五年前开始拉小提琴。

2012CATTI翻译考试笔译综合能力测试

20122012CATTICATTI 翻译考试笔译综合能力测试Section 1:English –Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts,Part A —“Compulsory Translation”and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic I”and “Topic 2”.For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B,translate the underlined portions,including titles,into Chinese.Above your translation of Part A,write “Compulsory Translation”and above your translation from Part B,write “Topic I”or “Topic 2”(60points,100minutes)Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)(30points)Nowhere to GoFor the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley,all you have to do is to talk to someone like “Nagaraj”(who didn’t want to reveal his real name).He’s an Indian immigrant who,like many other Indian engineers,came to America recently on an H-1B visa,which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years.But one morning last month,Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off.The reason:weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley,“It was the shock of my lifetime,”says Nagaraj.This is not a normal bear-market sob story.According to federal regulation,Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices.They must either return to India,or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS)allow them to transfer their visa to the new company.And the law doesn’t allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy.“How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?”Nagaraj wonders.Until recently,H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region’s shortage of programmers and engineers.First issued by the INS in 1992,they attract skilled workers from other countries,many of whom bring families with them,lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards.Through February 2000,more than 81,000worker held such visas —but with the dot-com crash,many have been getting laid off.That’s causing mass consternation in U.S.immigrant communities.The INS considers a worker “out of status”when he loses a job,which technically means that he must pack up and go home.But because of the scope of this year’s layoffs,the ernment has recently backpedaled,issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa.But even those loopholes remain nebulous.The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America,and the possibilities that they will be sent home.“They are in limbo.It is the greatest form of torture,”says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network.The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few st fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas.Now, with technology firms retrenching,demand for such workers is slowing.Valley heavyweights like Intel,Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year,which include many H-1B workers.The INS reported last month that only16,000new H-1B workers came to the United States in February—down from32,000in February of last year.Last month,acknowledging the scope of the problem,the INS told H-1B holders “not to panic,”and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States.INS spokeswomen Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month.“We are aware of the cutbacks,”she says.“We’re trying to be as generous as we can be within the confines of the existing law.”Part B Choice of Two Translations(二选一题)(30points)Topic1(选题一)What Is the Force of Gravity?If you throw a ball up,it will come down again.What makes it come down?The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth.The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects.Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away.This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity.The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth’s surface is called the weight of the object.All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon,the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects.The bigger and heavier a body is,the greater is its force of gravity.Thus,since the moon is a smaller body than Earth,the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth’s surface.In fact,the moon’s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth.This means that an object weighing120kilograms on Earth will only weigh20 kilograms on the moon.Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.The Earth’s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space.To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull.Entry into SpaceHow can we overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull?Scientists have been working on this for a long time.It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth’s gravitational pull.Such machines are called space rockets.Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth’s gravitational pull and go into space.RocketsThe powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket.The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head.The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel.It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle.A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle.A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.When the gunpowder burns,hot gases rush out of the nozzle.The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns.When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards.This is called jet propulsion.The simple experiment,shown in the picture,will help you to understand jet propulsion.Topic2(选题二)Basketball DiplomacyCHINA”S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream.But Wang Zhizhi,a7-foot-1basketball star from the People’s Liberation Army,is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA.In his first three weeks in America the23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, preside over“Wang Zhizhi Day”in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards.He’s even played in five games with his new team,the Dallas Mavericks,scoring24points in just38minutes.Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs—and he is intent on enjoying every minute.One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson.He leaned back,stretched out and pointed at a plane moving across the star-filled sky.In broken English,he started singing his favorite tune:“I believe I can fly.I believe I can touch the sky.”Back in China,the nation’s other basketball phenom,Yao Ming,can only dream of taking flight.Yao thought he was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The7-foot-5Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang:the20-year-old could be the No.1overall pick in the June NBA draft.But as the May13deadline to enter the draft draws near,Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his st week,as Wang scored13points in the Dallas season finale,Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street. Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts.The twin towers are national treasures,symbols of China’s growing stature in the world. They’re also emblematic of the NBA’s outsize dreams for conquering China.The NBA,struggling at home,sees salvation in the land of1.3billion potential hoop fans. China,determined to win the2008Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world—on its own terms.The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision—this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization.If it works out,it could be—in basketball parlance—the ultimate give-and-go.“This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy,”says Xia Song,a sport-marketing executive who represents Wang.“Only with a much bigger ball.”Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain.Wang’s Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in1999.Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr.—son of the eccentric billionaire—to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA.“You could hear them thinking:‘What is this NBA team doing,trying to lay claim to our property?’”Nelson recalls.“We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China.”There was no deal.Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court.This year Yao became the anointed one.He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding,and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league.It looked as if his Shanghai team—a dynamic semicapitalist club in China’s most open city—would get its star to the NBA first.Then came the March madness.Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title—scoring40in the final game.A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart?No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials(even inviting national-team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000season in Dallas).There was also the small matter of Chinese pride.The national team stumbled to a10th-place finish at the2000Olympics,after placing eighth in1996.Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world’s best players.keys：Part A无家可归这不是正常的有市场疲软而引发的悲剧故事。

[考研类试卷]2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 Wi-Fi2 ISO3 DNA4 IMF5 nitrogen oxide6 autoalarm7 biological agent8 Charles Darwin9 multistage rocket10 radio navigational instruments11 probability theory12 geoastrophysics13 neon14 semiconductor15 communicative translation汉译英16 矿物燃料17 载人飞船18 人工智能19 信息类文本20 电化学21 千瓦22 功能对等23 工程制图24 改写本25 克隆26 机辅翻译27 博客搜索28 字面翻译29 天宫1号太空舱30 同声传译英译汉31 One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the private car. On average, each person in the US cities sampled in 1990 logged 10,870 kilometers(6,750 miles)of city driving more than a round trip across North America. Growth in car use in the US cities between 1980 and 1990 was 2,000 kilometers per person, nearly double the increase in the Canadian cities, which have the next highest driving level. In industrial countries, urban car use has tended to rise as population density has declined. US cities have led the trend toward dispersed, low-density development. Between 1983 and 1990, the average roundtripcommute to work in the United States grew 25%, to 17 kilometers(11 miles). As cities sprawl, cars become essential while transit, bicycling, and walking become less practical. Compact Asian and European cities thus have the highest levels of non-motorized transport.As car use rises, car-related problems mount. Fatal crashes, for example, increase. The exception is cities in developing countries, where low car use is offset by poor signals and safety regulations. Nonetheless, highly car-reliant US cities exceed even developing Asian cities in per capital traffic fatalities. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill some 885,000 people each year—equivalent to 10 fatal jumbo jet crashes per day—and injure many times more.[Key Words]log v. 把......记入航海(或飞行)transit n.运输，经过jumbo jet 大型喷气式客机32 Scientists continue to find new ways to insert genes for specific traits into plant and animal DNA. A field of promise—and a subject of debate—genetic engineering is changing the food we eat and the world we live in.Just what are genetically engineered foods, and who is eating them? What do we know about their benefits—and their risks? What effect might engineered plants have on the environment and on agricultural practices around the world? Can they help feed and preserve the health of the Earth's burgeoning population?In the past decade or so, the biotech plants that go into these processed foods have leaped from hothouse oddities to crops planted on a massive scale—on 130 million acres in 13 countries, among them Argentina, Canada, China, South Africa, Australia, Germany, and Spain. On U. S. farmland, acreage planted with genetically engineered crops jumped nearly 25-fold from 3. 6 million acres in 1996 to 88. 2 million acres in 2001. More than 50 different "designer" crops have passed through a federal review process, and about a hundred more are undergoing field trials. [Key Words]burgeon v．迅速成长、迅速发展oddity n．奇异，古怪汉译英33 中国科学家在沿海省份大面积试验用海水灌溉农作物，以供养众多的人口，这些人口面临土地匮乏、淡水短缺的压力。

2012年上海外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年上海外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Austerity measures正确答案：财政紧缩措施2．UNESCO正确答案：(United Nations Educational Science and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织3．The US Senate正确答案：(美国)参议院4．APEC正确答案：(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)亚太经济合作组织亚太经合组织5．The Washington Post正确答案：(美国)《华盛顿邮报》6．NATO正确答案：(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织7．Arab Spring正确答案：阿拉伯之春8．Gary Locke正确答案：骆家辉(原美国驻华大使)9．Reuters正确答案：(美国)路透社10．The Wall Street Journal正确答案：(美国)《华尔街日报》汉译英11．十二五规划正确答案：Twelfth Five-Year Plan12．十七届三中全会正确答案：the Third Plenary Session of the seventeenth Central Committee 13．全国人大正确答案：NPC(National People’s Congress)14．新华社正确答案：the Xinhua News Agency15．软实力正确答案：Soft Power16．中美战略经济对话正确答案：China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue17．上海合作组织正确答案：SCO(Shanghai Cooperation Organization)18．珠江三角洲正确答案：Pearl River Delta19．西气东输正确答案：project of natural gas transmission from West to East China;West-East Gas Pipeline20．北京共识正确答案：Beijing Consensus英汉互译英译汉21．Reforming Education —The great schools revolution Education remains the trickiest part of attempts to reform the public sector. But as ever more countries embark on it, some vital lessons are beginning to be learned Sep 17th 2011|DRESDEN, NEW YORK AND WROCLAW| from the print edition From Toronto to Wroclaw, London to Rome, pupils and teachers have been returning to the classroom after their summer break. But this September schools themselves are caught up in a global battle of ideas. In many countries education is at the forefront of political debate, and reformers desperate to improve their national performance are drawing examples of good practice from all over the world. Why now? One answer is the sheer amount of data available on performance, not just within countries but between them. In 2000 the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) at the OECD, a rich-country club, began tracking academic attainment by the age of 15 in 32 countries. Many were shocked by where they came in the rankings. (PISA’s latest figures appear in table 1.) Other outfits, too, have been measuring how good or bad schools are. McKinsey, a consultancy, has monitored which education systems have improved most in recent years. Technology has also made a difference. After a number of false starts, many people now believe that the internet can make a real difference to educating children. Hence the success of institution like America’s Kahn Academy (see article). Experimentation is also infectious; the more governments try things, the more others examine, and copy, the results. Above all, though, there has been a change in the quality of the debate. In particular, what might be called “the three great excuses”for bad schools have receded in importance? Teachers’union have long maintained that failures in Western education could be blamed on skimpy government spending, social class and cultures that did not value education. All these make a difference, but they do not determine outcomes by themselves. The idea that good schooling is about spending money is the one that has been beaten back hardest. Many of the 20 leading economic performers in the OECD doubled or tripled their education spending in real terms between 1970 and 1994, yet outcomes in many countries stagnated—or went backwards. Educational performance varies widely even among countries that spend similar amounts per pupil. Such spending is highest in the United States—yet America lags behind other developed countries on overall outcomes in secondary education. Andreas Schleicher, head of analysis at PISA, thinks that only about 10% of the variation in pupil performance has anything to do with money. Many still insist, though, that socialclass makes a difference. Martin Johnson, an education trade unionist, points to Britain’s “inequality between classes, which is among the largest in the wealthiest nations” as the main reason why its pupils under perform. A review of reforms over the past decade by researchers at Oxford University supports him. “Despite rising attainment levels,” it concludes, “there has been little narrowing of long standing and sizeable attainment gaps. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds remain at higher risks of poor outcomes.” American studies confirm the point; Dan Goldhaber of the University of Washington claims that “non-school factors”, such as family income, account for as much as 60% of a child’s performance in school.Yet the link is much more variable than education egalitarians suggest. Australia, for instance, has wide discrepancies of income, but came a creditable ninth in the most recent PISA study. China, rapidly developing into one of the world’s least equal societies, finished first. Culture is certainly a factor. Many Asian parents pay much more attention to their children’s test results than Western ones do, and push their schools to succeed. Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea sit comfortably at the top of McKinsey’s rankings (see table 2). But not only do some Western countries do fairly well; there are also huge differences within them. Even if you put to one side the unusual Asians, as this briefing will now do, many Western systems could jump forward merely by bringing their worst schools up to the standard of their best. So what are the secrets of success? Though there is no one template, four important themes emerge: decentralisation (handing power back to schools); a focus on underachieving pupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and high standards for teachers. These themes can all betraced in three places that did well in McKinsey’s league: Ontario, Poland and Saxony.正确答案：教育改革——教育大改革教育改革始终是社会改革中最棘手的一部分，但随着越来越多的国家着手进行改革，人们逐渐学到一些重要的经验教训。

2012年英语真题答案.doc

Section ⅠUse of English2012年的完型填空是有关美国司法官伦理和政治关系的一篇文章，出自New York Times, June, 30th , 2011的“Ethics, Politics and the Law”一文。

选材回归了2000年完型曾出过的法律类文章，而且和当年一样，也是包含几个小段落，不像以往的文章，三段或者四段论，脉络比较清晰，结构容易把握。

而且，较去年比较“平易近人”的文章，这篇法律类文章背后有一定的背景知识，比较关注时事或者对这一块儿有所了解的同学，会相应得心应手一些。

另外，20道题目中，多达13题都是在考查动词，虽然选项中基本不存在干扰项，除了15题一道考查两词的辨析之外，其他的选项含义都差别甚远，按理说值得高兴。

但是这些考查动词的题目中，许多都考查对于熟词僻义的掌握情况，往年就是08年出现了3处，今年也出现3处。

仅有2道题考查逻辑词，而且这两道题是送分题，不需要考虑太多。

一向是命题人偏爱的以“able”作后缀的形容词依然出现(19题)。

下面就真题作一个详细解析。

和以往一样，第一句话不设空，帮助同学们理解全文探讨的话题：美国高等法庭司法官的伦理道德问题。

题1选B。

maintain. 此空有赖于对后文的理解。

这直接体现了我们作完型的整体思路，也就是首先通读全文。

尤其是看到最后一段直接给出提议：希望法官和政治划清界限从而保证自己的权威性，因此全文的导向和逻辑就非常清晰了。

同时，题2答案(when)也顺势而出：如果法官们和政治家一样，法庭就不能捍卫自己作为法律卫道士的权威。

题2选A。

这里的when其实表示条件关系，即“如果……。

”题3选择weakened。

上下文语义题+词义辨析。

选项含义差别较大，要求对上下文逻辑关系掌握清楚。

Yet表示一个转折：“即使这样，还是有很多法官这样做，损害了法庭独立和公正的名声。

” 本题如果能把导向把握准，即可定位在B和D两项，D项eliminated 过于绝对，排除。

2012年英语一真题翻译

2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English最近对最高法院法官的道德判断成为一个重要的话题。

当法官像政治家一样行事时，法院就不能维护其作为法律原则守护者的合法性。

然而，在一些事例中，法官行事的方式损害了法院独立、公正的名誉。

例如，法官Antonin scalia出席了政治活动。

这种行为使得法院的审判更有可能被认为是不公正的。

部分问题在于法官没有受到道德规范的约束。

至少，法院应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。

这个以及其他类似的案例提出了这样的问题：在法院和政治之间是否仍然存在着界限？宪法的制定者们设想法律拥有独立于政治之外的权力。

他们给予法官永恒的地位，故法官不再会忌惮当权者，也没有必要寻求政治支持。

我们的法律体系被设定为使得法律完全不受政治的影响，是因为这二者是如此紧密相连的。

宪法具有政治性，这是因为它源于那些根植于诸如自由、财产之类的基本社会概念中的选择。

当法院处理社会决策问题时，它所适用的法律不可避免地会带有政治性。

这也就是为什么偏离思想路线的决策这么轻易地被视为是不公正的而不予考虑的原因。

法官必须通过他们对行为规范负责的方式来解决对于法院（审判的）合法合理性的质疑。

这可能会使得审判看上去更加与政治相独立，因此，像法律一样令人信服。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1“来吧，每个人都在这么做。

”这个半邀请半强迫的耳语似的信息，是大部分人在听到“同龄压力”这个词语时所想到的。

这个词语常常会导致不好的事情，如酗酒、嗑药和滥交。

但在她的新书——《加入俱乐部》中，Tina Rosenberg认为通过她所称之为的社会疗法，同龄压力也可以成为一种正面的力量。

在这种社会疗法中，机构和官员利用集体动态的力量来帮助个人改善他们的生活，并且可能改变这个世界。

普利策奖的获得者，Rosenberg提供了许多正在进行中的社会疗法的例子：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“Rage Against the Haze”（愤怒面对烟雾）的由政府发起的禁烟行动，决心使得香烟不再受人欢迎。

2014年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2014年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．CBD正确答案：中央商务区2．ISBN正确答案：国际标准图书编号3．PIN正确答案：个人身份识别4．FIT World Congress正确答案：世界翻译大会5．physiological chemistry正确答案：生理化学6．re-entry module正确答案：返回舱7．molecular biology of the gene正确答案：基因分子生物学8．castings正确答案：铸件9．Classical Books of Confucius正确答案：儒家经典著作10．infra-red astronomy正确答案：红外线天文学11．packaging and textile industries正确答案：包装和纺织工业12．ampere正确答案：安培13．megafossil正确答案：大化石14．Evolution and Ethics正确答案：天演论15．microprocessor正确答案：微处理器汉译英16．科技翻译正确答案：scientific translation17．机器翻译正确答案：machine translation18．微博正确答案：microblog19．信达雅正确答案：faithfulness，expressiveness and elegance 20．回译正确答案：back translation21．语言服务产业正确答案：language service industry22．交替传译正确答案：consecutive translation23．翻译记忆库正确答案：translation memory24．归化法正确答案：domestication25．智能手机正确答案：smart phone26．会议口译正确答案：conference interpreting27．跨文化交流正确答案：cross-cultural communication 28．本地化正确答案：localization29．中国(上海)自由贸易试验区正确答案：China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone 30．译审正确答案：first-grade translator英汉互译英译汉31．Stories about the dangers of chemicals leaching from plastic into microwaved food have circulated on the Internet for years. As a result, the Food and Drug Administration continues to receive inquires from concerned consumers.Consumers can be confident as they heat holiday meals or leftovers in the microwave because the FDA carefully reviews the substances used to make plastics designed for food use.”It’s true that substances used to make plastics can leach into food, “ says Edward Machuga, Ph. D. , a consumer safety officer in the FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. “But as part of the approval process, the FDA considers the amount of a substance expected to migrate into food and the toxicological concerns about the particular chemical.”The agency has assessed migration levels of substances added to regulated plastics and has found the levels to be well within the margin of safety based on information available to the agency. The FDA will revisit its safety evaluation if new scientific information raises concerns.One chemical called diethylhexyl adipate(DEHA)has received a lot of media attention. DEHA is a plasticizer, a substance added to some plastics to make them flexible. DEHA exposure may occur when eating certain foods wrapped in plastics, especially fatty foods such as meat and cheese. But the levels are very low. The levels of the plasticizer that might be consumed as a result of plastic film use are well below the levels showing no toxic effect in animal studies. [Keywords]Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition 食品安全和应用营养中心toxicological adj. 毒物学的plasticizer n. 增塑剂正确答案：危险的化学物质从塑料渗入微波食物的说法已经在网络上流传了多年。

2012年高考真题——英语(上海卷)Word版含答案

上海英语试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第1卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

第1卷（共105分）I . Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport.2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer.C. Secretary and boss.D. Receptionist and guest.4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert.C. Sandy shouldn't have given that much.D. Dave must be mad with the money5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man's offer.6．A.2 B.3． C.4．D．57. A. Both of them drink too much coffee.B. The woman doesn't like coffee at all.C. They help each other stop drinking coffee.D. The man is uninterested in the woman's story8. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He hesitates whether to help or not.C. He'll help if the woman doesn't mindD. He can't help move the cupboard.9. A. He's planning to find a new job.B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess.C. He's too busy to clean his houseD. He has already cleaned his new house,10. A. She doesn't agree with the man.B. She is good at finding a place to stay.C. She could hardly find the truth.D. She had no travel experience in Britain.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage11. A. Use the company's equipment. B. Give orders to robotsC. Make decisions for the company.D. Act as Big Brother.12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees' children are happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. HonestyQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. Canada had a smaller population. B. Land was cheaper in Canada.C. They wanted to continue the Revolution.D. They were against Britain.15. A. They standardized Canadian English.B. They settled there after the Revolution.C. They enjoy a very high social position.D. They make up a small part of the population16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French.C. It is mainly linked to British culture.D. It dates back to the late 17th century.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A. ForB. WithoutC. BeneathD. By26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little.A. will teachB. teachC. are taughtD. will be taught27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone28. The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol.A. wouldn'tB. needn'tC. won'tD. mustn't29. Only with the greatest of luck _ to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage30. — I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.— I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one.A. will have savedB. will be savingC. has savedD. saves31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside.A. eachB. everyC. otherD. another32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.A. onceB. ifC. afterD. unless33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of34. There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. whether35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts?A. whichB. themC. thatD. whom36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded37. — Was it by cutting down staff _ _she saved the firm?— No, it was by improving work efficiency.A. whenB. whatC. howD. that38. —We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?— No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which39. "Genius" is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors.A. involvedB. involvingC. to involveD. being involved40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ _ he goes to a new place.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. howeverSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 42 ."There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale."He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme（试行方案）with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 62 to buy milk rather than tobuy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A. study B. way C. word D. college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he________.A. broke the world recordB. collected money for OxfamC. destroyed several bikesD. travelled about 1,300 hours66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably meanA. Very slow but exciting.B. Very long and difficult.C. Very smooth but tiring.D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _______.A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?A. Imaginative.B. Patriotic.C. Modest.D. Determined.(B)The value-packed, all-inclusivesight-seeing package thatcombines the best of Sydney'sharbour, city, bay and beachhighlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimitedand flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the 'blue' Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid (有效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.SydneyPass Fares*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.69. A SydneyPass doesn’t offer unlimited rides on ______.A. the Explorer BusesB. the harbour cruisesC. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can________.A. save fares from and to the airportB. take the Sydney Explorer to beachesC. enjoy the famous seafood for freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.(C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ('befriend").Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _____ .A. turn to friends for helpB. solve a conflict calmlyC. find an escape from realityD. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage?A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stressC. How researchers overcome stress problemsD. How researchers handle stress-related disordersSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each– that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.77.Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading, and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.78.Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the “whole language" method and the "phonic" method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a "p" and another a "b". Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.79.You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start "ear training" their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.80.Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child's learning disabilities.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (白治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81. "This pattern of age segregation" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from82. Besides changes in the workplace, are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.83. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?84. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?第II卷（共45分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．她五年前开始拉小提琴。

[考研类试卷]2012年上海理工大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2012年上海理工大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷一、名词解释0 请简要解释以下段落中画线部分的知识点1 1962年，蕾切尔．卡逊(Rachel Carson)的《寂静的春天》问世，犹如“旷野中的一声呐喊”，这本书向世人展现了(1)西方发达国家在发展经济的进程中，大量使用杀虫剂等化学药品，导致(2)环境污染加剧，(3)生态平衡遭到严重破坏，(4)生物链被切断，鱼类和昆虫濒临死亡，给人类带来意想不到的灾难。

人类企图改造自然，最终遭到自然的反抗和报复。

由卡逊开创的世界环境保护运动由此成为全球亿万人的(5)共识。

卡逊让我们重新意识到人类只有与自然环境相互融合，才能有万物生生不息的未来。

2 早在先秦，(6)儒家就要求君子应(7)“修身齐家”，并进而“治国平天下”，自觉担负起应有的社会责任。

自此伊始，胸怀天下，忧国忧民，成为历代仁人志士薪火相传的一个优良传统。

“位卑未敢忘忧国”，(8)“居江湖之远而筹庙堂之策”，“匹夫”以天下兴亡为己任，关注国家盛衰与百姓疾苦。

范仲淹“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”；(9)诸葛亮“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”；孟子、屈原、杜甫、辛弃疾、关汉卿、顾炎武、(10)孙中山等等圣贤英杰，正是怀抱着忠贞为国、赤诚为民的天地良心。

3 中国是(11)喀斯特地貌分布面积最大的国家，从热带到寒温带，从湿润区到干旱区，各种喀斯特地貌类型齐全、包罗万象。

中国同时也是对喀斯特地貌记述和研究最早的国家。

上海理工大学学位英语试卷

上海理工大学学位英语试卷PartⅠListening Comprehension (15%) 听力题（共15题，每题1分，共15分）Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: There are 5 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The question will be spoken only once.1. A. A testing system. B. A monitor system. C. A measuring system. D. A control system.2. A. Car prices. B. Car services. C. The companys business. D. The companys culture.3. A. Its easy to do. B. Its challenging. C. He can get a high pay. D. He did the same job before.4. A. Shell meet a friend. B. Shell take a flight.C. Shell attend an interview at 5:00.D. Shell see a doctor before 5:00.5. A. She will report the complaint to the manager. B. Themanager refused to talk to the man.C. The manager was on a business trip.D. She will deal with the complaint. Section BDirections: There are 2 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times.Conversation 16. A. Breakfast. B. Dinner. C. A 5 dollar gift card. D. Bus service to the airport.7. A. His member card. B. His driving license. C. His credit card. D. His passport.Conversation 28. A. The telephone is out of order. B. The line is busy.C. He is at a meeting.D. He wont be back until next Monday.9. A. It has been canceled. B. It will arrive on time.C. It has been delayed.D. It will arrive ahead of schedule.10. A. Make an appointment with her. B. Talk with her abouta new order.C. Send her an email about the shipment.D. Call her backwhen receiving the shipment. Section CDirections: You will hear a short passage. The passage is printed in the test paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read two times.Growing up can be hard 11 where crime is common. That is the situation Marco Antonio Aguilar 12 when he started at Garfield High School in Los Angeles, California. The boy hated 13. He says he had the 14 , often missed classes and even got into flights. 15 the teachers that I receiving, knowing that they did care about me, the school did really help me, Aguilar recalls.Part ⅡVocabulary and Structure (20%) 选择题和填空题（共20题，每题1分，共20分）Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices.16. I often ______ the cooking for my family, but recently I havebeen too busy to do it.A. will doB. doC. am doingD. had done17. Planning so far ahead _____ no sense -- so many things will have changed by next year.A. madeB. is makingC. makesD. has made18. It was strange _______ she left without saying a word.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how19. I have two hobbies. One is fishing, ____ is cooking.A.anotherB. the otherC. elseD. other20. The man told me that by the end of the week he _______ away from his hometown for 20 years.A. has beenB. will have beenC. is to beD. would have been21. No sooner _______ than they began to work.A. they had arrivedB. they would arriveC. had they arrivedD. would they arrive22. The American Red Cross is one of the volunteer organizations _______ purpose is to help the sick and the needy. A. its B. that C. who D. whose23. It is the general manager who makes the _______decisions in business. A. beginning B. finishing C. first D. final24. The manager showed the new employee _______ to find the supplies.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which25. Nothing can prevent him _____ learning Chinese painting. A. from B. by C. out D. inSection BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.26. I like Chinese food very much. It is ________ ( difference/different) from America.27. Miller is a(n) ______(/dishonest/honest) person, and we dont trust him.28. I am _______(interest/interested) in this movie. I want to watch it again.29. Dont open the window, and keep it ______(close/closed) please.30. Tom had just attended his sons _______ (graduation/graduate) in Harvard University.31. I feel like _______ (go/going) to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.32. _______ (Personal/Personally), I think he is a very nice partner, though you may not agree.33. Please show me the photos _______ (take/taken) in Tibet.34. It is easy _______ (say/to say) things, but its hard to do them.35. Many people find telephone interviews______ (difficult/more difficult) than face-to-face interviews.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (35%）阅读理解题（共20题，36-45每题2分 46-60每题1分，共35分）Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the task as you are instructed.Task 1Hank Viscardi was born without legs. He had not legs but stumps （残肢） that could be fitted with a kind of special boots. People stared at him with cruel interest. Children laughed at him andcalled him ―Ape Man‖（猿人） because his arms practically dragged on the ground.Hank went to school like other boys. His grades were good and he needed only eight years to finish his schooling instead of the usual twelve. After graduating from school, he worked his way though college. He swept floors, waited on table, or worked in one of the college offices. During all this busy life, he had been moving around on his stumps. But one day the doctor told him even the stumps were not going to last much longer. He would soon have to use a wheelchair.Hank felt himself get cold all over. However, the doctor said there was a chance that he could be fitted with artificial legs （假肢）. Finally a leg maker was found and the day came when Hank stood up before the mirror. For the first time he saw himself as he has always wanted to be - a full five feet eight inches tall. By this time he was already 26 years old.Hank had to learn to use his new legs. Again and again he marched the length of the room, and marched back again. There were times when he fell down on the floor, but he pulled himself upand went back to the endless marching. He went out on the street. He climbed stairs and learned to dance. He built a boat and learned to sail it.When World War II came, he talked the Red Crossing into giving him a job. He took the regular training. He marched and drilled along with the other soldiers. Few knew that he was legless. This was the true story of Hank viscardia, a man without legs.36. Children laughed at Hank and called him ―Ape Man‖ because _______.A. he didnt talk to themB. he kept away from themC. his arms touched the ground when he movedD. he couldnt use his arms37. It can be inferred from the story five feet eight inches tall is ________.A. an average height for a fully grown personB. too tall for an average personC. too short for an average personD. None of the above38. The sentence ―he talked the Red Cross into giving him a job‖implies that the Red Cross _______.A. was only glad to give him a jobB. gave him a job because he was a good soldierC. gave him a job after he talked to someone he knewD. was not willing to give him a job at first39. When Hank marched and drilled along with the other soldiers, he ____.A. did everything the other soldiers didB. did most of the things the other soldiers didC. did some of the things the other soldiers didD. took some special training40. The writer suggests that Hank viscardia _________.A. had no friendsB. never saw himself as different from othersC. was very shyD. was too proud to accept help from othersTask 2In the United States, when a person becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, hewants people to think that he is. That is what ―keeping up with the Joneses‖ is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbors.The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur momands. He told this story about himself. He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, momands went horse-riding everyday. When he saw that rich people had servants, momands and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors.It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for momands and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City.momands looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbors. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it ―Keeping up with the Joneses‖ because ―Jones‖ is a verycommon name in the Untie States. ―Keep up with the Joneses‖ came to mean keeping up with the rich lifestyle of the people around you. momandss series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.People never seem to get tried of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are ―Joneses‖ in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.41. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they _____.A. want to be as rich as their neighborsB. want others to know or to think that they are richC. dont want others to know they are richD. want to be happy42. It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to _____.A. live outside New York CityB. live in New York CityC. live in apartmentsD. have many neighbors43. The underlined word ― neighborhood‖ in Para.2 means ________.A. a person who lives near anotherB. people living in an areaC. an area near the place referred toD. an area in another town or city44. Arthur momands used the name ―Jones‖ in his series of short stories because ―Jones‖ is __________.A. an important nameB. a popular name in the United StatesC. his neighbors nameD. not a good name45. According to the writer, it is _____ to keep up with the Joneses.A. correctB. interestingC. impossibleD. goodTask 3Directions: The following is a passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it. You should write your answers (in no more than 3 words) briefly.Freezing can keep food fresh and safe to eat. Freezing lowers the food temperature below zero degree Celsius（摄氏）. The simplest way to prepare fruits is to cut them up and place them in acontainer inside the freezer, in some cases it is better to permit the fruit to freeze before putting it in the container. This will keep it from sticking to the container. This is called the ―dry pack‖ method. The second way is the ―wet pack‖ method. The fruit is prepared along with some of its liquid or juice. You can add some sugar to fruits that are naturally juicy. The sugar sweetens the fruit and brings out its natural juice. Once foods have been unfrozen, they should not be frozen again. There is a danger of food poisoning if food is frozen more than once.Task 4Directions: The following is a list of airport terms. After reading it, you are required to find the Chinese equivalents in the table below.A— knowledge workB— overall job growth rateC— corporate strategyD— outsourceE— cloud computingF— construction of senior communitiesG— assisted – living facilitiesH— by some countsI— clean – energy projectsJ— capping carbon emissionK— Earth shipL— Heating controlExample: (K) 地球之船 (L) 暖气控制51. ( ) 限制碳排放52.（）清洁能源项目53. ( ) 在某种意义上54.（）生活辅助设施55. ( ) 老年社区建设56.（）云集计算57. ( ) 服务外包58.（）企业发展战略59. ( ) 总的工作增长率 60.（）知识型工作Part Ⅳ Translation (15%) 翻译题（共5题，每题3分，共15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 61. He cuts through a forest to get to school.62. Science has brought about many changes in our lives.63. The members agree to modify the policy of recruiting new members.64. Most of the big cities in the world suffer from traffic jam.65. Millions of people in Africa every year struggle for food.Part Ⅴ Writing (15%) 写作题（共1题，每题15分，共15分）Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write a letter according to the instructions given in Chinese below. 假设你是李浩，昨天下午你的朋友李铭来北京出差，并来看望你。

2012年高考英语(上海卷)真题及答案

2012年高考英语（上海卷）真题及答案上海英语试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第1卷和第II卷，全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂或写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

第1卷I . Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations betweentwo speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport.2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer.C. Secretary and boss.D. Receptionist and guest.4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert.C. Sandy shouldn’t have given that much.D. Dave must be mad with the money5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer. 6．A.2 B.3．C.4．D．57. A. Both of them drink too much coffee.B. The woman doesn’t like cof fee at all.C. They help each other stop drinking coffee.D. The man is uninterested in the woman’s story8. A. He doesn’t mind helping the woman.B. He hesitates whether to help or not.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mindD. He can’t help move the cupboard.9. A. He’s planning to find a new job.B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess.C. He’s too busy to clean his houseD. He has already cleaned his new house,10. A. She doesn’t agree with the man.B. She is good at finding a place to stay.C. She could hardly find the truth.D. She had no travel experience in Britain.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage11. A. Use the company’s equipment. B. Give orders to robotsC. Make decisions for the company.D. Act as Big Brother.12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees’ childr en are happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. HonestyQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. Canada had a smaller population.B. Land was cheaper in Canada.C. They wanted to continue the Revolution.D. They were against Britain.15. A. They standardized Canadian English.B. They settled there after the Revolution.C. They enjoy a very high social position.D. They make up a small part of the population16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French.C. It is mainly linked to British culture.D. It dates back to the late 17th century.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. passion, people won’t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A. ForB. WithoutC. BeneathD. By26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little.A. will teachB. teachC. are taughtD. will be taught27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed into the sports club.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone28. The new law states that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol.A. wouldn’tB. needn’tC. won’tD. mustn’t29. Only with the greatest of luck _ to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage30. I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one.A. will have savedB. will be savingC. has savedD. saves31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside.A. eachB. everyC. otherD. another32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I’m not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.A. onceB. ifC. afterD. unless33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of34. There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. whether35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you receivedgifts?A. whichB. themC. thatD. whom36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded37. Was it by cutting down staff _ _she saved the firm?No, it was by improving work efficiency.A. whenB. whatC. howD. that38. We’ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which39. Genius is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors.A. involvedB. involvingC. to involveD. being involved40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ _ he goes to a new place.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. howeverSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. maintainedB. seriousC. indicationsD. figuresE. anxiousF. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversedFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , thenutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country’s overweight 42 .There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us, he said. Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale.He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of childrenare overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been lost. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the worth of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 62 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a NewYork subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A. study B. way C. word D. college51.A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54.A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept56.A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59.A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances63.A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First ofall, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White’s second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddleand destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushinghim. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he________.A. broke the world recordB. collected money for OxfamC. destroyed several bikesD. travelled about 1,300 hours66. What does the word epic in Paragraph l most probably meanA. Very slow but exciting.B. Very long and difficult.C. Very smooth but tiring.D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _______.A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?A. Imaginative.B. Patriotic.C. Modest.D. Determined.(B)The value-packed, all-inclusivesight-seeing package thatco mbines the best of Sydney’sharbour, city, bay and beachhighlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the ‘red’ Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the ‘blue’ Bondi Explorer v isits Sydney Harbour bays andfamous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises(游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid (有效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.SydneyPass Fares*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years.Children under 4 years travel free.**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.69. A SydneyPass doesnt offer unlimited rides on ______.A. the Explorer BusesB. the harbour cruisesC. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can________.A. save fares from and to the airportB. take the Sydney Explorer to beachesC. enjoy the famous seafood for freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.(C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same fight-or-flight reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (fight), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (flight). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called tend and befriend. That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (tend), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especi ally other females (‘befriend).Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress,an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious. While men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high bloodpressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _____ .A. turn to friends for helpB. solve a conflict calmlyC. find an escape from realityD. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage?A. Male hormones help build up the body’s resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stressC. How researchers overcome stress problemsD. How researchers handle stress-related disordersSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. When a child should learn to readB. Why it is fun to teach a child readingC. What if a child has reading problemsD. How you prepare a young child for readingE. What is the best way to teach a child readingF. Whether reading early promises later achievements76. Learning to read early has become one of those indicators in parents’ minds at least that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems anddevelopmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.77.Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading, and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.78.Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the whole language method and the phonic method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a p and another a b. Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.79.You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start ear training their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child’s ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.80.Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child’s learning disabilities.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions orcomplete the statements in the fewest possible words.While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents’ daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (白治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81. This pattern of age segregation refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from82. Besides changes in the workplace, are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.83. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?84. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?第II卷I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．她五年前开始拉小提琴。

2012考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案

Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。

2012年3月上海市中级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年3月上海市中级口译第一阶段笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING TEST 2. 3. 4. STUDA SKILLS 5. TRANSLATION TEST(1) 6. TRANSLATION TEST(2)SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTA: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.听力原文：Music affects us as profoundly as anything we experience. Very many people say that music is a big part of their everyday life. We can hear evidence of this in the blaring car radio, and see the jogger with his personal stereo. That is the new portability of music that brings it everywhere people live, play and work. There are different kinds of music for all tastes—classical, pop, rock, rap, jazz, folk—each culture has its own style. Different parts of the body resonate to different sounds and pitches, and most significantly, certain kinds of music resound powerfully in the human spirit. We can listen to music anywhere and everywhere. Listening to music can change your mood—sometimes dramatically. Sometimes if you’re feeling low, it’s tempting to play slow sad music, but this will make you feel worse. An uplifting tune or cheerful song can instantly improve your energy levels and your emotional well being. Music in film and television shows us how music can affect mood. A romantic drama would have a very different filmscore to a thriller. The old “silent” films originally had a pianist in the cinema playing along, trying to strike the right mood. At times, when watching a film or TV programme, you know what’s about to happen because of the music being played—you can anticipate the terror, such as in “Jaws”. There are many times when I’ve turned down the sound during a TV programme, and used subtitles—because the music unsettles me so much! Playing Mozart when studying is said to increase our IQ. A recent study has shown that children who learn a musical instrument are much quicker at developing spatial awareness and problem solving skills. Relaxation music has a slow rhythm. Sounds are often synthesised and there may be added natural sounds, such as whalesong, birdsong, waves or gentle rain to help produce a feeling of calm and relaxation?Music affects us as profoundly as anything we experience. Very many people say that music is a【C1】______of their everyday life. We can hear evidence of this in the blaring【C2】______, and see the jogger with his personal stereo. That is the new portability of music that brings it everywhere people live, 【C3】______. There are different kinds of music【C4】______—classical, pop, rock, rap, jazz, folk—eachculture has its own style. 【C5】______of the body resonate to different sounds and pitches, and most significantly, certain kinds of music resound powerfully【C6】______. We can listen to music anywhere and everywhere. Listening to music can 【C7】______—sometimes dramatically. Sometimes if you’re feeling low, it’s tempting to play slow sad music, but this will make you 【C8】______. An uplifting tune or cheerful song can instantly 【C9】______your energy levels and your emotional well being. Music in film and television shows us how music can【C10】______. A romantic drama would have a very different filmscore to a thriller. The old “silent” films originally had【C11】______in the cinema playing along, trying to strike the right mood. At times, when watching a【C12】______, you know what’s about to happen because of the music being played—you can【C13】______the terror, such as in “Jaws”. There are many times when I’ve【C14】______the sound during a TV programme, and used subtitles—because the music【C15】______so much! Playing Mozart when studying is said to 【C16】______. A recent study has shown that children who learn a【C17】______are much quicker at developing spatial awareness and problem solving skills. Relaxation music has【C18】______. Sounds are often synthesised and there may be added【C19】______, such as whalesong, birdsong, waves or gentle rain to help produce a feeling of【C20】______?1．【C1】正确答案：big part2．【C2】正确答案：car radio3．【C3】正确答案：play and work4．【C4】正确答案：for all tastes5．【C5】正确答案：Different parts6．【C6】正确答案：in the human spirit正确答案：change your mood 8．【C8】正确答案：feel worse9．【C9】正确答案：improve10．【C10】正确答案：affect mood 11．【C11】正确答案：a pianist12．【C12】正确答案：film or TV programme 13．【C13】正确答案：anticipate14．【C14】正确答案：turned down 15．【C15】正确答案：unsettles me 16．【C16】正确答案：increase our IQ 17．【C17】正确答案：musical instrument正确答案：a slow rhythm19．【C19】正确答案：natural sounds20．【C20】正确答案：calm and relaxationB: Listening ComprehensionStatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper, so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.听力原文：Question No. 1 My computer doesn’t seem to be working. And I have lots of e-mail letters that I have to reply this afternoon. Can I use the one over there on the desk?21．A．Could you fix the computer for me?B．Could you reply the e-mail letters for me?C．I’ll be waiting for e-mail letters this afternoon.D．I hope I can use another computer to send e-mail letters.正确答案：D听力原文：Question No. 2 We had little choice about when to send the bidding paper. Yesterday was too soon to send it, and tomorrow will be too late.22．A．It is too late to send the bidding documents now.B．The bidding documents should be sent yesterday.C．The bidding documents can be sent tomorrow.D．The bidding documents must be sent today.正确答案：D听力原文：Question No. 3 Alice has been offered the manager’s job, although she has hardly any relevant working experience. This is a big surprise even forherself.23．A．Alice worked so hard that she was soon offered the manager’s job.B．Alice didn’t expect that she would be given the manager’s job.C．Alice got the job she wanted with the help from the manager.D．Alice didn’t enjoy the manager’s job and she quitted, to everyone’s surprise.正确答案：B听力原文：Question No. 4 You can learn something about a place by reading a travel book, but you will be more interested and more fascinated when you actually travel there.24．A．It is necessary for you to read a travel book before you start a trip.B．It is more interesting if you can visit that place in person.C．Reading a travel book will greatly enrich your experience.D．You will be more fascinated if you take a travel book along.正确答案：B听力原文：Question No. 5 There are many challenges we face today, but time permits me to concentrate on only one question, that is, where shall we get the money for our new investment project?25．A．I will answer the questions you raise one by one.B．I will focus on the funding of the project.C．I cannot provide an answer to that question.D．I don’t think we should continue with the project.正确答案：B听力原文：Question No. 6 I regret to say that we are still unable to send the goods you ordered, but would like to emphasize that the delay is entirely due to the circumstances beyond our control.26．A．We cannot deliver the commodity you require because of the circumstances.B．We cannot repeat the same mistake due to the uncontrollable circumstances.C．We cannot delay sending the goods you ordered due to the circumstances.D．We cannot control the circumstances and give you more discounts if you order.正确答案：A听力原文：Question No. 7 Rather than taking a chance on being grounded at theairport because of the impending strike, we decided to take the slower but surer route and drive to Kansas City.27．A．We drove to the city because we had missed the flight.B．We thought it was safer to take the road transportation.C．We decided to go by car instead of taking an air flight.D．We took the chance and arrived at the city before the strike.正确答案：C听力原文：Question No. 8 Sally turned down both the auditor’s job and the local school accountant job; the former involved working in the city and the latter offered very low pay.28．A．Sally wants to find a job in the country with a decent salary.B．Sally prefers to teach in the countryside so as to stay with her family.C．Sally used to be an accountant, but now she’d like to be an auditor.D．Sally finds it difficult make a living in the city with such a low pay.正确答案：A听力原文：Question No. 9 A number of houses along the elevated subway route have been torn down, so as to make room for two new highways that are being built.29．A．New highways will be constructed along the elevated subway.B．The rent of the houses along the elevated subway has risen sharply.C．A number of houses have been built along the elevated subway.D．Houses have been torn down for the building of the elevated subway.正确答案：A听力原文：Question No. 10 Today, it is as difficult for us to imagine family life without information technology as it would have been for our parents to imagine family life without electricity.30．A．Modern family life needs information technology more than electricity.B．Modern family life would be difficult with information technology.C．Information technology is essential to our modern family life.D．Information technology is difficult to manage without electricity.正确答案：CTalks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions.Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE, when you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.听力原文：M: May I help you?F: Yes, I want to buy some shoes to replace the ones I’m wearing.M: What’s wrong with them?F: They are too old and shabby.M; I can see they have simply been worn out. Would you like the same color, more or less?F: Yes, and something a little less casual.M: How about this light brown pair? They are similar to what you have, but a little bit dressier.F: Yes, I was thinking of something along that line. I’ll try them on.M: They certainly look charming,F: The trouble is, they feel uncomfortable.M: Then try on this other pair in a similar style, but by a different manufacturer.F: These are much better. Do you have them in red?M: Yes. Would you like both pairs?F: Yes, if they won’t cost too much.M: Oh, no, they won’t. The second pair is half price. Shall I put them both in a box for you?F: Just the red. And the old ones. I’ll wear the new brown pair home.Question No. 11 What did the woman’s shoes look like?Question No. 12 What was wrong with the first pair of shoes the woman tried on?Question No. 13 How many pairs of shoes did the woman buy?Question No. 14 Which shoes did the woman wear home?31．A．They were old and shabby.B．They were dirty.C．There were of a dull color.D．They were out of style.正确答案：A32．A．They were too casual.B．They were too dressy.C．They were not charming enough.D．They were uncomfortable.正确答案：D33．A．None.B．One.C．Two.D．Three.正确答案：C34．A．The red shoes.B．The brown shoes.C．The old shoes.D．The pink shoes.正确答案：B听力原文：(Female)I lived in Madrid for a whole year. And I have to be honest and say that at first I wasn’t very happy. You see, I was homesick. I missed my family and I just wanted to go home. Part of the problem was my Spanish. I couldn’t communicate very well. But I love to eat! And that’s what really saved me. You see, once I discovered tapas. .. oh, let me explain—these delicious appetizers you eat. So, I made some Spanish friends, and we’d go out to tapas bars. So, I got to eat a lot of delicious food, and of course, my Spanish improved dramatically as well. But there was one thing that was difficult to adjust to, and that was that dinner was always served at a late hour. I wasn’t used to eating at eleven at night!Question No. 15 How long did the woman live in Madrid?Question No. 16 Which of the following partially explains why the woman was so homesick at first?Question No. 17 What did the woman particularly like?Question No. 18 According to the woman, which was the thing that was difficult to adjust to?35．A．One month.B．Half a year.C．One whole year.D．Two years.正确答案：C36．A．She had very few friends there.B．She lived alone in a remote town.C．She didn’t like to mix with her neighbors.D．She couldn’t communicate well in Spanish.正确答案：D37．A．A special kind of food.B．Folk music.C．The mild climate.D．Sunny weather.正确答案：A38．A．The changeable weather.B．The late dinner.C．The regional accent.D．The local food.正确答案：B听力原文：M: Mrs Durrell, can you tell us something about further and continuous education in Britain?F: Further and continuous education in Britain can be of different kinds. Apart from the world-famous Open University, there are other colleges that can provide programmes of further education for adult students.M: We all are quite familiar with the Open University. What about the other colleges?F: Well, first, there are the polytechnics. The polytechnics are colleges or institutions of further education. They are study centres that offer many different courses for students of all ages. These courses lead to diplomas, or to degrees awarded by the Council for National Academic Awards which was set up to award degrees to adult students in non-university institutions.M: And then, what about non-degree courses for adult students?F: Second, there are specialist colleges, such as the Agricultural Colleges, Colleges of Art or Music, and so on. There are also a large number of local colleges of further education, technical colleges and colleges of commerce. All these special colleges provide a variety of non-degree courses for adult students.M: What about the courses? Are they specially designed for adult students?F: Courses for adult students may also be vocational or recreational, that is, they may be related to a person’s job or taken purely for interest and pleasure. Examples of popular recreational classes are pottery, woodwork; car maintenance; cookery, and so on. At the same time, university lecturers may give up some of their free time every week to talk to town and village clubs about anything from archaeology to the sociological effects of the industrial revolution.Question No. 19 What is the topic of the interview?Question No. 20 What are the polytechnics?Question No. 21 According to the interviewee, what is a vocational course?Question No. 22 Which of the following is NOT a subject for recreational classes?39．A．The world-famous Open University.B．The changing educational system in Britain.C．Further and continuous education in Britain.D．Adult education organizations in Britain.正确答案：C40．A．Non-university institutions.B．Non-degree programmes.C．Recreational Centres.D．Specialist colleges正确答案：A41．A．One that is designed for students of all ages.B．One that is taught by a university lecturer.C．One that is taken for interest and pleasure.D．One that is related to a person’s job.正确答案：D42．A．Pottery.B．Homework.C．Cookery.D．Car maintenance.正确答案：B听力原文：As a normal person, you see colors everywhere so long as you have good eyesight. In fact, color plays an essential role in our life. For example, color is used to communicate life-saving information. To the driver of a vehicle, the green color means “go” and the red color means “stop”. You should always pull up when the traffic light turns red. Besides, color can irritate or soothe your eyes, raise your appetite or even change your mood. A delicious meal with appropriate colors can certainly make your mouth watering. Good colors also help us in many other ways. Statistics show that in sports competition, a team wearing red has a higher chance of winning. Of course, it is largely due to the psychology of wearing red. Luck and ability can be more important. For animals, colors reflect their environment and their characteristics. For instance, a male peacock has its tail feathers of bright colors to win the attention of female peacocks. A tree frog can be so green as to indicate its poisonous nature. So don’t eat it or you might die. A wasp with its bright yellow color may warn us that it has a sting and it is not afraid to use that sting. People often think that a rainbow is the most colorful, but for our artists, all they need are three colors, namely, red, blue and yellow. They are called the primary colors—colors that cannot be made by mixing others together. And our artists can mix them together to create any color in the rainbow and hundreds of other shades in making art.Question No. 23 Why are green and red colors important to drivers?Question No. 24 According to statistics, what team has a higher chance of winning in sports competition?Question No. 25 Which animal has green color that warns us of its poisonous nature?Question No. 26 What is a primary color?43．A．Because they are the primary colors for cars and trucks.B．Because they are brighter than other colors.C．Because they help improving driving skills.D．Because they communicate life-saving information.正确答案：D44．A．The team with a better luck.B．The team with good abilities.C．The team wearing red.D．The team showing a strong will.正确答案：C45．A．The tree frog.B．The wasp.C．The male peacock.D．The female peacock.正确答案：A46．A．Any color of the rainbow.B．A color made by mixing three colors together.C．A color that cannot be made by mixing others together.D．A color that cannot be excluded from a piece of art work.正确答案：C听力原文：F: Of course we ought to be permitted to think, speak and feel as we like, provided we don’t do any harm to anyone else.M: How do you know when you’re doing harm or not? Would you permit people to take drugs, for example?F; That depends on the drugs. Some of them can be harmful in all sorts of ways—like too much drink, and smoking as many cigarettes as you do.M: Well, I have been trying to give up smoking for a long time, but you know it is not easy and I’m afraid I don’t have that strong will.F: I think the government should ban smoking in all the public places and they should levy heavier taxes on selling and buying cigarettes.M: What really makes me mad is the attitude towards morals. Some people are really shocked because in the theatres today actors are allowed to walk about the stage with little or without any clothes on, and they think it’s right that the police should be able to walk into art galleries and decide whether pictures are works of art—or obscene. But these same people aren’t shocked by advertisements which persuade the public to buy things which can do real harm—like cigarettes and alcohol, for example. I thinka lot of advertisements are much more immoral than so-called pornographic, or “dirty”, plays and books, because they lie—or at least disguise the truth.F: How do you know that pornographic pictures and books don’t do harm?M: I didn’t say they did no harm. I’m just suggesting that the whole question of morality is relative. I think the behaviour of some businessmen is relatively more immoral than that of some of the young people they criticise.F: You seem to think that everything will be all right if you just allow people to be natural. I personally feel we all need some kind of outside authority to help us discipline ourselves.Question No. 27 What has the man been trying to do for a long time?Question No. 28 According to the man, what things can do real harm to people?Question No. 29 Why does the man think that advertisements are much more immoral than “dirty” plays and books? Question No. 30 According to the woman, what do we need to discipline ourselves?47．A．Write a book.B．Get a role in a play.C．Quit drinking alcohol.D．Give up smoking.正确答案：D48．A．advertised commodities.B．Obscene pictures in art galleries.C．Cigarettes and alcohol.D．Dirty plays and books.正确答案：C49．A．Because they do not tell the truth.B．Because they turn out to be profit-making.C．Because they make people take drugs.D．Because they show actors with little clothes.正确答案：A50．A．Police.B．Some outside authority.C．Heavier taxes on cigarettes.D．Natural elements.正确答案：BC: Listening TranslationSectence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.听力原文：Sentence No. 1 Sydney is an important commercial, industrial and tourist centre on the south-east coast of Australia. It is Australia’s largest city with a population of more than three million.51．正确答案：悉尼是澳大利亚东南海岸一个重要的商业、工业和旅游中心。

2012年翻译资格考试笔译综合能力试题(1)

2012年翻译资格考试笔译综合能力试题(1)Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of ______ materials.A. primitiveB. roughC. originalD. raw2. With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very______ for the students.A. hostileB. anxiousC. tediousD. obscure3. Whenever the government increases public services,______ because more workers are needed to carry out these services.A. employment to riseB. employment risesC. which rising employmentD. the rise of employment4. Our flight to Guangzhou was ______ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.A. delayedB. adjournedC. cancelledD. preserved5. Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but ______ in winter.A. should beB. would beC. preferredD. preferably6. Both longitude and latitude ______ in degrees, minutes and seconds.A. measuringB. measuredC. are measuredD. being measured7. Most comets have two kinds of tails, one made up ofdust, ______ made up of electrically charged particles called plasma.A. one anotherB. the otherC. other onesD. each other8. Good pencil erasers are soft enough not ______ paper but hard enough so that they crumble gradually when used.A. by damagingB. so that they damageC. to damageD. damaging9. The magician picked several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.A. by accidentB. at randomC. on occasionD. on average10. On turning the comer, they saw the path ______ steeply.A. departingB. descendingC. decreasingD. degenerating11. English language publications in China are growing in volume and ______.A. circulationB. rotationC. circumstanceD. appreciation121. Hydroponics ______ the cultivation of plants without soil.A. doesB. isC. doD. are13. To impose computer technology ______ teachers is to create an environment that is not conducive to learning.A. withB. toC. inD. on14. Marketing is ______ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.A. rather thanB. other thanC. bigger thanD. more than15. ______ a language family is a group of languages witha common origin and similar vocabulary, grammar, and sound system.A. What linguists callB. It is called by linguistsC. Linguists call itD. What do linguists call16. In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famous for ______ pottery.A. it madeB. itsC. the makingD. where its17. ______ get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A. ChildrenB. Children, when theyC. As childrenD. For children to18. ______ of his childhood home in Hannibal, Missouri, provided Mark Twain with the inspiration for two of his most popular novels.A. RememberingB. MemoriesC. It was the memoriesD. He remembered19. Dust storms most often occur in areas where the ground has little vegetation to protect ______ of the wind.A. from the effectsB. it the effectsC. it from the effectsD. the effects from it20. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are a ______.A. scarcityB. minorityC. minimumD. shortage。