出国考试：2005年“新托福”样题在ETS官方网站发布-出国考试
2005年托福考试全真试题测试(6)
2005年托福考试全真试题测试(6)33. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The increased use of private mail services(B) The development of a government postal system(C) A comparison of urban and rural postal services(D) The history of postage stamps.34. The word "varied" in line 2 could best be replaced by(A) increased(B) differed(C) returned(D) started35. Which of the following was seen as a disadvantage of the postage stamp?(A) It had to be purchased by the sender in advance.(B) It increased the cost of mail delivery.(C) It was difficult to affix to letters.(D) It was easy to counterfeit.36. Why does the author mention the city of Philadelphia in line 9?(A) It was the site of the first post office in the United States.(B) Its postal service was inadequate for its population.(C) It was the largest city in the United States in 1847.(D) It was commemorated by the first United States postage stamp.37. The word "cumbersome" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) burdensome(B) handsome(C ) loathsome(D) quarrelsome38. The word "they" in line 15 refers to(A) Boston and Philadelphia(B) businesses(C) arrangements(D) letters39. The private postal services of the nineteenth century claimed that they could do which of the following better than the government?(A) Deliver a higher volume of mail.(B) Deliver mail more cheaply.(C) Deliver mail faster.(D) Deliver mail to rural areas.40. In 1863 the United States government began providing which of the following to mail carriers? (A) A salary(B) Housing(C) Transportation(D) Free postage stamps41. The word "Confined" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) granted(B) scheduled(C) limited(D) recommendedQuestions 43-50Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures.Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies ofthe more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that isused in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into NorthAmerican sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.Back in the 1930's and 1940's, when building restoration was popular, historical <br>archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologistswas to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by 1950's. Mostpeople entering historical archaeology during this period came out of universityanthropology departments., where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, bytraining, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. Thequestions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help themunderstand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading onhistorical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and becausetheir own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to Americanhistory remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorlywritten, went unread.精品文档资料，适用于企业管理从业者，供大家参考，提高大家的办公效率。
2005年10月托福阅读真题
0510作文题目166.People recognize a difference between children and adults. What events (experiences or ceremonies) make a person an adult? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answerSection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1-10All mammals feed their young. Beluga whale mothers, for example, nurse their calves for some twenty months, until they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food. The behavior of feeding of the young is built into the reproductive system. It is a nonelective part of parental care and the defining feature of a mammal, the most important thing that mammals-- whether marsupials, platypuses, spiny anteaters, or placental mammals -- have in common.But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, feed their young. Most egg-guarding fish do not, for the simple reason that their young are so much smaller than the parents and eat food that is also much smaller than the food eaten by adults. In reptiles, the crocodile mother protects her young after they have hatched and takes them down to the water, where they will find food, but she does not actually feed them. Few insects feed their young after hatching, but some make other arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed with their venom and stored in a state of suspended animation so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh food when they hatch.For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental care. Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants. The most vulnerable moment in any animal's life is when it first finds itself completely on its own, when it must forage and fend for itself. Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size that it is better able to cope. Young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime those young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies. Once a species does take the step of feeding its young, the young become totally dependent on the extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young generally do no survive.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The care that various animals give to their offspring.B. The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food.C. The methods that mammals use to nurse their young.D. The importance among young mammals of becoming independent.2. The author lists various animals in line 5 toA. contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammalsB. describe the process by which mammals came to be definedC. emphasize the point that every type of mammal feeds its own youngD. explain why a particular feature of mammals is nonelective3. The word "tend" in line 7 is closest in meaning toA. sit onB. moveC. noticeD. care for4. What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal parents feeding their young?A. It is unknown among fish.B. It is unrelated to the size of the young.C. It is dangerous for the parents.D. It is most common among mammals.5. The word "provisioning" in line 13 is closest in meaning toA. supplyingB. preparingC. buildingD. expanding6. According to the passage, how do some insects make sure their young have food?A. By storing food near their young.B. By locating their nests or cells near spiders and caterpillars.C. By searching for food some distance from their nest.D. By gathering food from a nearby water source.7. The word "edge" in line 17 is closest in meaning toA. opportunityB. advantageC. purposeD. rest8. The word "it" in line 20 refers toA. FeedingB. momentC. young animalD. size9. According to the passage, animal young are most defenseless whenA. their parents are away searching for foodB. their parents have many young to feedC. they are only a few days oldD. they first become independent10. The word "shielded" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA. raisedB. protectedC. hatchedD. valuedQuestion 11-21:Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied sothat the paper picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The origins of textile decorationB. The characteristics of good-quality printsC. Two types of printmakingD. Types of paper used in printmaking12. The word "prime" in line 2 is closest in meaning toA. principalB. complexC. generalD. recent13. The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describeA. the woodcuts found in China in the fifth centuryB. the use of woodcuts in the textile industryC. the process involved in creating a woodcutD. the introduction of woodcuts to Europe14. The word "incised" in line 15 is closest in meaning toA. burnedB. cutC. framedD. baked15. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage/A. "patterns"(line 5)B. "grain"(line 8)C. "burin"(line 16)D. "grooves"(line 17)16. The word "distinctive" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA. uniqueB. accurateC. irregularD. similar17. According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that itA. developed from the art of the goldsmithsB. requires that the paper be cut with a burinC. originated in the fifteenth centuryD. involves carving into a metal plate18. The word "yield" in line 23 is closest in meaning toA. imitateB. produceC. reviseD. contrast19. According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?A. Their designs are slightly raised.B. They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C. They were first used in Europe.D. They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.20. According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century?A. Prints could be made at low cost.B. The quality of paper and ink had improved.C. Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.D. Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that theyA. can be reproduced on materials other than paperB. are created from a reversed imageC. show variations between light and dark shadesD. require a printing pressQuestions 22-31:The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. This complex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D. 700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale. They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun --- the guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves "children of the Sun" and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.22. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The development of agricultureB. The locations of towns and villagesC. The early people and cultures of the United StatesD. The construction of burial mounds23. Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States?A. The development of trade in North AmericaB. The establishment of permanent settlementsC. Conflicts with other Native American groups over landD. A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.24. What does the term "Adena-Hopewell"(line 7) designate?A. The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureB. The two most important nations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureC. Two former leaders who were honored with large burial mounds.D. Two important trade routes in eastern North America25. The word "bartering" in line 9 is closest in meaning toA. producingB. exchangingC. transportingD. loading26. The word "supplanted" in line 13 is closest in meaning toA. conqueredB. precededC. replacedD. imitated27. According to the passage, when did the Mississippian culture reach its highest point of development?A. About A.D. 400B. Between A.D. 400 AND A.D. 700C. About A.D. 1200D. In the sixteenth century28. According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors?A. The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food.B. The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.C. The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.D. The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.29. Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves "children of the Sun"(line 22)?A. To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.B. To argue about the importance of religion in their culture.C. To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D. To provide an example of their religious rituals.30. The phrase "charged with" in line 26 is closest in meaning toA. passed onB. experienced atC. interested inD. assigned to31. According to the passage, the flat-topped mounds in Mississippian towns were used for all of the following purposes EXCEPTA. religious ceremoniesB. meeting places for the entire communityC. sites for commerceD. burial sitesQuestion 32-40:Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates. (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road building fever thatby 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie.Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.32. Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of theA. popularity of turnpikesB. financing of new roadsC. development of the interiorD. laws governing road use33. The word "primitive" in line 1 is closest in meaning toA. unsafeB. unknownC. inexpensiveD. undeveloped34. In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country withA. other inland communitiesB. towns in other statesC. river towns or seaportsD. construction sites35. The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and 5 is closest in meaning toA. in need ofB. in place ofC. at the start ofD. with the purpose of36. According to the passage, why did states want private companies to help with road building?A. The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B. The states were not as well equipped as private companies.C. Private companies could complete roads faster than the states.D. Private companies had greater knowledge of the interior.37. The word "it" in line 11 refers toA. legislatureB. companyC. authorityD. payment38. The word "imitation" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA. investmentB. suggestionC. increasingD. copying39. Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state thatA. built roads without tollgatesB. built roads with government moneyC. completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one yearD. introduced new law restricting road use40. The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example of a feature of wagons that wasA. unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehiclesB. first found in GermanyC. effective on roads with uneven surfacesD. responsible for frequent damage to freightQuestion 41- 50:In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively. Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars. That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and wedging. This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with salt water. Such conditionsexist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley. There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface.Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground. Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones. These crystals grow as long as salt water is available. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice. Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon. Not restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.41. What is the passage mainly about?A. The destructive effects of salt on rocks.B. The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.C. The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.D. The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.42. The word "it" in line 9 refers toA. salty waterB. groundwater tableC. capillary actionD. sediment43. The word "exert" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA. putB. reduceC. replaceD. control44. In lines 13-17, why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals?A. They both force hard surfaces to crack.B. They both grow as long as water is available.C. They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.D. They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.45. In lines 17-18, the author mentions the "expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration"in order toA. present an alternative theory about crystal growthB. explain how some rocks are not affected by saltC. simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedgingD. introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks46. The word "durable" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA. largeB. strongC. flexibleD. pressured47. The word "shattered" in line 20 is closest in meaning toA. arrangedB. dissolvedC. broken apartD. gathered together48. The word "dominant" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA. most recentB. most commonC. least availableD. least damaging49. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on rocks?A. Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.B. Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.C. A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.D. Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley,50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common?A. They are protected from weathering.B. They do not allow capillary action of water.C. They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.D. They contain more carbonates than sulfates.阅读答案ACDDA ABCDB CACBC ABBDA DCBAB CCACD BBDCC AADBC AAAAD BCBCC。
2005年1月托福考试听力考题
2005年1月托福考试真题SECTION I1 .(A) Listen to a weather report(B) Decide whether to cancel the trip(C) Schedule foe trip for a later date(D) Ask other students for their opinion about the trip2 .(A) She plays tennis better than Jane does.(B) She prefers to study with Jane today.(C) She cannot play tennis with the roan today.(D) She cannot attend math class today.3. (A) He has not yet started his lab assignment(B) He just finished his chemistry experiment.(C) He can give the woman a ride home.(D) He is tired and wants to leave4. (A) She just received information about the art festival(B) She will help the man find information.(C) The man can easily find the information by himself.(D) The man should go to the art library.5 .(A) The book does not belong to her.(B) She prefers not to lend her books to other people.(C) The man will be able to buy the book soon.(D) The man cannot borrow the book light now.6. (A) She did not buy a ticket for the concert.(B) She was not sure which band would be playing.(C) The band was better than she expected.(D) The man did not know the band well.7 .(A) Read the speech to her(B) Give a different speech(C) Finish writing the rest of the speech(D) Stop worrying about the speech8. (A) She and Sally have already finished painting the apartment(B) She and Sally decided not to paint the apartment.(C)She hopes the roan will help paint the apartment.(D) She will invite the man to see the apartment after it is painted.9. (A) She will help the man with the machine soon.(B) She thinks the man should use another machine.(C) The machine takes a few minutes to warm up.(D) Something got caught in the copy machine.10. (A) Robert is taking a different class.(B) He is surprised the woman knows Robert. (C) The woman should be on the committee.(D) The woman should recommend additional people.11. (A) The book had been misplaced on the shelf.(B) He can probably get a copy of the book for the woman.(C) He will call the warehouse to see if the book is available.(D) The woman should check to see if other bookstores have the book.12. (A) She agrees with the man about got ng to the movies(B) She has heard about a good new movie.(C) She is tired of going to movies.(D) She already has plans for tonight13. (A) It was what she had expected.(B) She may need a new floor.(C) She plans to vote for Carl,(D) She was very surprised.14. (A) The space in the office is sufficient.(B) She does not like the desk.(C) Someone else wants the typewriter. .(D) She would like to have the typewriter removed.15. (A) She will go to the party.(B) She has to work tonight(C) She has no plans for this afternoon.(D) She does not know, the man's roommate.16. (A) The woman went to the wrong place,(B) The German class ended early.(C) The professor cancelled the class.(D) The woman forgot to go to class.17. (A) Make some coffee for the woman(B) Stay up late(C) Stay overnight at a friend's house(D) Finish the paper in the morning18. (A) He never shops at the local grocery store.(B) The woman should buy her produce from the farm.(C) The grocery store has higher quality produce.(D) It is cheaper to buy vegetables at the farm.19. (A) Pam wants to get a job in the infirmary.(B) Pam will come home from the infirmary on the weekend.(C) The woman should get off work early to visit Para.(D) The woman could go to theinfirmary on the weekend.20. (A) She needs to take chemistry as a requirement.(B) She was having trouble finding the chemistry room.(C) She did not realize there was a lab class.(D) She has already taken me lab class.21. (A) Apply for a new library card(B) Go get his student ID card(C) Talk to the librarian about his ID card(D) Get the library books from his room22. (A) He is not feeling well today.(B) He will be late for the theater club meeting.(C) He forgot to meet the woman at the theater.(D) He has not made the phone calls yet.23. (A) He did not expect to see so many people at the lecture.(B) The lecture did not start on time.(C) Bad weather kept many people from attending the lecture.(D) Few people knew about the lecture,24. (A) Take both sweaters along(B) Choose the warmer sweater(C) Pick the brighter-colored sweater(D) Wear a heavy coat instead of a sweater25. (A) The manager is too busy to see the man now.(B) The manager will be available before the meeting.(C) The man should come back tomorrow.(D) The man should go to the meeting.26. (A) She cannot use the computer now.(B) The man is not allowed to use the computer.(C) The library does not have the book the man needs.(D) The man probably will not enjoy the book.27. (A) The letters should have had more postage(B) The letters should have been sent by airmail.(C) Airmail rates have gotten too high.(D) The man should have waited to mail the letters.28. (A) She wants one sandwich because she is nearly full,(B) She is ready to leave as soon as the ship gets here.(C) She recently learned her school expenses win be paid next year.(D) She is surprised there is only one scholarship awarded each year.29.(A) Kathy helped the man find a good car.(B) The man needs more time to decide about a car.(C) The man is definitely going to buy Kathy's car.(D) The man was not satisfied with the car he bought from Kathy.30.(A) Study outside(B) Finish studying before going outside(C) Go outside now and enjoy the weather(D) Stay inside until the weather improves31(A) Drive her mother to the theater(B) Take care of her little brother(C) Come to the theater with her(D) Help her prepare for a class presentation32.(A) He was difficult to understand.(B) He made her laugh.(C) He seemed well prepared.(D) He seemed nervous.33.(A) It was a funny incident.(B) He has made the same mistake before.(C) He is worried that it will happen again.(D) The woman should be more honest with him.34.(A) To baby-sit her little brother(B) To study with Joe(C) To see a play(D) To watch a video35.(A) To help students improve their grades(B) To start a new student magazine(C) To provide assistance to student writers(D) To place students in jobs at publishing companies36. (A) They work together at the library,(B) They took a class together.(C) They are on the staff of the campus literary review.(D) They met at a writer's conference.37. (A) He is an experienced writer.(B) He is the editor of the literary review.(C) Professor Mitchell recommended hint(D) She believes he will contribute useful comments.38. (A)Suggestions for additional assistance(B) Written critiques of their work(C) Time in class to work on their project(D) Permission to use ihe meeting room in the library39 (A) The development of printing technology in the early United States(B) The firat newspapers in the British colonies(C) Colonial newspapers published by the British government(D) The role of newspapers in colonial elections40. (A) He wanted 10 be free of government control(B) He could not get a job with the government newspaper.(C) He was dissatisfied with other independent newspapers.(D) He wanted to encourage colonists to learn to read.41. (A) It was printed on a new kind of printing press.(B) It was humorous and critical*(C) It was printed on two sides*(D) It was partially founded by the government.42. (A) They could not participate in the conversations about the news.(B) They were encouraged to go to school,(C) They received information by bearing it read to them.(D) They thought newspapers were unnecessary.43 (A) The history of the Galileo space probe(B) Recent discoveries about one of Jupiter's moons(C) The differences between moons and planets(D) The composition of the Earth's moon44(A) It is larger than the planet Mercury,(B) It is covered with ice.(C) It is orbited by asteroids.(D) It creates its own magnetic field.45(A) A core of molten metal(B) A huge deposit of ice(C) A combination of metal and sail water(D) A thin layer of magnetic rock 46.(A) They prevented Galileo from getting too close to Ganymede.(B) They disrupted Galileo's ability to transmit images of Ganymede.(C) They indicate that Ganymede may have an atmosphere.(D) They arc the cause of Ganymede's unstable surface.47(A) A rare species of algae(B) The treatment of wastewater(C) A threat to the aquatic environment(D) The increasing number of algae in rivers48(A) They are becoming more dangerous to the user.(B) They are encouraging the growth of algae in streams(C) They are being made with fewer chemicals.(D) They are being made to kill bacteria.49.(A) It does not remove all chemicals.(B) It encourages the growth of some bacteria.(C) It is not done on a regular basis.(D) It has been improved by new technologies,50. (A) The role of algae in the food chain(B) The effect of household chemicals on algae(C) The detection of chemicals in wastewater(D) The creation of safer household products。
2005年1月托福考试听力考题
2005年1月托福考试真题SECTION I1 .(A) Listen to a weather report(B) Decide whether to cancel the trip(C) Schedule foe trip for a later date(D) Ask other students for their opinion about the trip2 .(A) She plays tennis better than Jane does.(B) She prefers to study with Jane today.(C) She cannot play tennis with the roan today.(D) She cannot attend math class today.3. (A) He has not yet started his lab assignment(B) He just finished his chemistry experiment.(C) He can give the woman a ride home.(D) He is tired and wants to leave4. (A) She just received information about the art festival(B) She will help the man find information.(C) The man can easily find the information by himself.(D) The man should go to the art library.5 .(A) The book does not belong to her.(B) She prefers not to lend her books to other people.(C) The man will be able to buy the book soon.(D) The man cannot borrow the book light now.6. (A) She did not buy a ticket for the concert.(B) She was not sure which band would be playing.(C) The band was better than she expected.(D) The man did not know the band well.7 .(A) Read the speech to her(B) Give a different speech(C) Finish writing the rest of the speech(D) Stop worrying about the speech8. (A) She and Sally have already finished painting the apartment(B) She and Sally decided not to paint the apartment.(C)She hopes the roan will help paint the apartment.(D) She will invite the man to see the apartment after it is painted.9. (A) She will help the man with the machine soon.(B) She thinks the man should use another machine.(C) The machine takes a few minutes to warm up.(D) Something got caught in the copy machine.10. (A) Robert is taking a different class.(B) He is surprised the woman knows Robert. (C) The woman should be on the committee.(D) The woman should recommend additional people.11. (A) The book had been misplaced on the shelf.(B) He can probably get a copy of the book for the woman.(C) He will call the warehouse to see if the book is available.(D) The woman should check to see if other bookstores have the book.12. (A) She agrees with the man about got ng to the movies(B) She has heard about a good new movie.(C) She is tired of going to movies.(D) She already has plans for tonight13. (A) It was what she had expected.(B) She may need a new floor.(C) She plans to vote for Carl,(D) She was very surprised.14. (A) The space in the office is sufficient.(B) She does not like the desk.(C) Someone else wants the typewriter. .(D) She would like to have the typewriter removed.15. (A) She will go to the party.(B) She has to work tonight(C) She has no plans for this afternoon.(D) She does not know, the man's roommate.16. (A) The woman went to the wrong place,(B) The German class ended early.(C) The professor cancelled the class.(D) The woman forgot to go to class.17. (A) Make some coffee for the woman(B) Stay up late(C) Stay overnight at a friend's house(D) Finish the paper in the morning18. (A) He never shops at the local grocery store.(B) The woman should buy her produce from the farm.(C) The grocery store has higher quality produce.(D) It is cheaper to buy vegetables at the farm.19. (A) Pam wants to get a job in the infirmary.(B) Pam will come home from the infirmary on the weekend.(C) The woman should get off work early to visit Para.(D) The woman could go to theinfirmary on the weekend.20. (A) She needs to take chemistry as a requirement.(B) She was having trouble finding the chemistry room.(C) She did not realize there was a lab class.(D) She has already taken me lab class.21. (A) Apply for a new library card(B) Go get his student ID card(C) Talk to the librarian about his ID card(D) Get the library books from his room22. (A) He is not feeling well today.(B) He will be late for the theater club meeting.(C) He forgot to meet the woman at the theater.(D) He has not made the phone calls yet.23. (A) He did not expect to see so many people at the lecture.(B) The lecture did not start on time.(C) Bad weather kept many people from attending the lecture.(D) Few people knew about the lecture,24. (A) Take both sweaters along(B) Choose the warmer sweater(C) Pick the brighter-colored sweater(D) Wear a heavy coat instead of a sweater25. (A) The manager is too busy to see the man now.(B) The manager will be available before the meeting.(C) The man should come back tomorrow.(D) The man should go to the meeting.26. (A) She cannot use the computer now.(B) The man is not allowed to use the computer.(C) The library does not have the book the man needs.(D) The man probably will not enjoy the book.27. (A) The letters should have had more postage(B) The letters should have been sent by airmail.(C) Airmail rates have gotten too high.(D) The man should have waited to mail the letters.28. (A) She wants one sandwich because she is nearly full,(B) She is ready to leave as soon as the ship gets here.(C) She recently learned her school expenses win be paid next year.(D) She is surprised there is only one scholarship awarded each year.29.(A) Kathy helped the man find a good car.(B) The man needs more time to decide about a car.(C) The man is definitely going to buy Kathy's car.(D) The man was not satisfied with the car he bought from Kathy.30.(A) Study outside(B) Finish studying before going outside(C) Go outside now and enjoy the weather(D) Stay inside until the weather improves31(A) Drive her mother to the theater(B) Take care of her little brother(C) Come to the theater with her(D) Help her prepare for a class presentation32.(A) He was difficult to understand.(B) He made her laugh.(C) He seemed well prepared.(D) He seemed nervous.33.(A) It was a funny incident.(B) He has made the same mistake before.(C) He is worried that it will happen again.(D) The woman should be more honest with him.34.(A) To baby-sit her little brother(B) To study with Joe(C) To see a play(D) To watch a video35.(A) To help students improve their grades(B) To start a new student magazine(C) To provide assistance to student writers(D) To place students in jobs at publishing companies36. (A) They work together at the library,(B) They took a class together.(C) They are on the staff of the campus literary review.(D) They met at a writer's conference.37. (A) He is an experienced writer.(B) He is the editor of the literary review.(C) Professor Mitchell recommended hint(D) She believes he will contribute useful comments.38. (A)Suggestions for additional assistance(B) Written critiques of their work(C) Time in class to work on their project(D) Permission to use ihe meeting room in the library39 (A) The development of printing technology in the early United States(B) The firat newspapers in the British colonies(C) Colonial newspapers published by the British government(D) The role of newspapers in colonial elections40. (A) He wanted 10 be free of government control(B) He could not get a job with the government newspaper.(C) He was dissatisfied with other independent newspapers.(D) He wanted to encourage colonists to learn to read.41. (A) It was printed on a new kind of printing press.(B) It was humorous and critical*(C) It was printed on two sides*(D) It was partially founded by the government.42. (A) They could not participate in the conversations about the news.(B) They were encouraged to go to school,(C) They received information by bearing it read to them.(D) They thought newspapers were unnecessary.43 (A) The history of the Galileo space probe(B) Recent discoveries about one of Jupiter's moons(C) The differences between moons and planets(D) The composition of the Earth's moon44(A) It is larger than the planet Mercury,(B) It is covered with ice.(C) It is orbited by asteroids.(D) It creates its own magnetic field.45(A) A core of molten metal(B) A huge deposit of ice(C) A combination of metal and sail water(D) A thin layer of magnetic rock 46.(A) They prevented Galileo from getting too close to Ganymede.(B) They disrupted Galileo's ability to transmit images of Ganymede.(C) They indicate that Ganymede may have an atmosphere.(D) They arc the cause of Ganymede's unstable surface.47(A) A rare species of algae(B) The treatment of wastewater(C) A threat to the aquatic environment(D) The increasing number of algae in rivers48(A) They are becoming more dangerous to the user.(B) They are encouraging the growth of algae in streams(C) They are being made with fewer chemicals.(D) They are being made to kill bacteria.49.(A) It does not remove all chemicals.(B) It encourages the growth of some bacteria.(C) It is not done on a regular basis.(D) It has been improved by new technologies,50. (A) The role of algae in the food chain(B) The effect of household chemicals on algae(C) The detection of chemicals in wastewater(D) The creation of safer household products。
ETS公布新托福报名流程
ETS公布新托福报名流程时间： 2006年03月08日 08:48 作者：国外部吴鹏来源：上海新东方学校上海新东方从网上得到最新信息，近日，ETS在其官方网站上公布了新托福考试的报名方式及流程。
目前ETS已经开通了三种新托福考试注册方式：网上在线报名，电话报名和邮寄报名三种报名方式。
第一种：网上在线报名。
有以下5个特点：一周7天24小时，随时都可以上网进行考试报名注册；不需要额外的手续费；注册后立即就能得到ETS的e-mail确认信息；需要美元信用卡进行在线支付；网上进行考试报名注册的最后期限是选定考试时间前的第7日，也就是说至少要提前7天去报名注册。
网址为https://。
第二种：电话报名注册方式。
它有如下5个特点：同样要求考生至少在考试前7天报名注册；同样需要美元信用卡，进行电话支付；需要从下载TOEFL iBT Registration Form表格，因为你将要求提供一些相关的重要信息；如果你居住在美国、加拿大地区需要拨的电话为1-800-468-6335，如果你没有居住在上述地区，又想要在美国参加新托福考试的话需要拨的电话为1-433-751-4862，如果你想要参加上述地区之外的考试，需要拨的电话为当地的注册中心的电话；电话注册后，你会被告知如下信息：注册号码（考试当天你必须带去考场的），参加考试的时间，参加考试的地点；成绩通知的时间。
第三种：邮寄报名注册方式。
首先从网上下载Registration Form（报名注册表格，此表格在Information and Registration Bulletin中也能找得到）；然后再填写完此表格；接着将此份表格直接寄往ETS或者是当地的考试注册中心，ETS考试中心的地址如下：TOEFL Services, Educational Testing Service, PO Box 6151, Princeton, NJ 08541-6151, USA，另外如果是有残疾的考生所需要寄送的地址有所变化，其为TOEFL Disability Services, Educational Testing Service, PO Box 6054, Princeton, NJ 08541-6054, USA；最后需要注意的两点是：考生填好的注册表应该在你选择的第一考试时间的至少前四周寄到相应考试注册地点，这种方式的注册只有残疾考生才被允许采用信用卡方式支付考试费用。
托福模拟题：2005年TOEFL考试模拟题(4-1)-托福模拟题
托福模拟题：2005年TOEFL考试模拟题(4-1)-托福模拟题2005年TOEFL考试模拟题(4-1)STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION1 . Hanya Holm is a dancer, choreographer and _____ .(A) dance that she teaches(B) her teaching of dance(C) to teach dancing(D) dance teacher2. During an eclipse of the Sun, ______ in the shadow of the Moon.(A) the Earth lies(B) the Earth when lying(C) that the Earth lies(D) the lying Earth3. Under the influence of Ezra Pound, Hilda Doolittle became associated with theImagists, and ______ into one of the most original poets of the group.(A) developed(B) to be developing(C) who developed(D) developing it4. _____ all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the gro und; some of it is lost throughevaporation.(A) Nowhere(B) Not(C) No(D) None5. In an area first explored by Samuel de Champlain, ______ .(A) establishment of the city of Halifax in 1749(B) in 1749 the city of Halifax established(C) in 1749, establishing the city of Halifax(D) the city of Halifax was established in 17496. A nation s merchant marine is made up of its commercial ships and the people ______them.(A) they operate(B) who operate(C) they operate of(D) do they operate7. ______ Nat Turner who led a revolt against slavery in V irginia in 1831.(A) Where was(B) It was(C) He was(D) That he was8. The most elaborate of all bird nests ______ , domed com munal structure built bysocial weaverbirds.(A) larger(B) largely is(C) the large(D) is the large9. William Walker s mural, "Wall of Respect," ______ an out door wall in Chicago, dealswith social issues.(A) covers(B) covers it(C) which covers(D) which it covers10. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate ____ __ yield when unusual weight isplaced on them.(A) although its crust and mantle(B) its crust and mantle to(C)that its crust and mantle(D) for its crust and mantle to11. The columbine flower, ______ to nearly all of the United States, can be raised fromseed in almost any garden.(A) native(B) how native is(C) how native is it(D) is native12. The photoperiodic response of algae actually depends on the duration of darkness,______ .(A) the light is not on(B) and not on light(C) but is not on the light(D) is not on light13. ______,&[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页2005年TOEFL考试模拟题(4-1)nbsp;the first Black denomination in the United States.(A) Richard Alien founded the African Methodist Episcopal Chu rch(B) Richard Alien, who founded the African Methodist Episcopa l Church(C) The African Methodist Episcopal Church founded by Richard Alien(D) The foundation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church by Richard Alien14. The annual worth of Utah s manufacturing is greater tha n ______ .(A) that of its mining and farming combined(B) mining and farming combination(C) that mining and farming combined(D) of its combination mining and farming15. The wallflower ______ because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stonycliffs for support.(A) so called is(B) so is called(C) is so called(D) called is so16. The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays a vital role in___chewing, swallowed, and speaking.17. Instead of being housed in one central bank in Washingt on, D.C., the FederalReserve system is division into twelve districts.18. Philodendrons of various kinds are cultivated for their beautifully foliage.19. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and snails and to search for their food by probingthe ground with their long bills.20. William Penn founded the city of Philadelphia in 1682, and he quickly grew to be__the largest city in colonial America.21. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than in other any C anadian province except_____Prince Edward Island.22. Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune, the founder of Bethune-Cookman College, served asadvice to both Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry Truman.23. Some plant produce irritating poisons that can affect a person even if he or she merelyb上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页2005年TOEFL考试模拟题(4-1)rushes against them.24. The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible t he alternation of periodsof light and darkness.25. Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, Woman sBAdvocate, who she launched in January 1855.26. In every society there are norms that say individuals h ow they are supposed to behave.27. An erupting volcano or an earthquake sometimes affects t he featured of the surrounding_________region and can even cause lakes to disappear.28. Most tree frogs change color to harmonize with its back ground.29. Due to the refraction of light rays, this is impossible for the naked eye to determine theexact location of a star close to the horizon.30. Modern poets have experimented with poetic devices such alliteration and assonance._____C31. Birds eggs vary greatly of size, shape, and color.32. Social reformer Frederick Douglass dedicated his life to working for the abolish of_______ABslavery and the fight for civil rights.33. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian Rockies, is named after a famous nurses._______ ___________D34. Xanthines have both good and bad effects on the body, and these effects are generally_______determined on the size and regularity of dosage._______D35. When a severe ankle injury forced herself to give up r eporting in 1926, Margaret Mitbegan writing he上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页2005年TOEFL考试模拟题(4-1)r novel Gone with the Wind._____36. One of the most difficult problems in understanding slee p is determining what the________functions of sleep is.37. The Millicent Rogers Museum houses five thousands pieces of Hispanic and AmericanIndian jewelry, textiles, and other objects documenting the v ibrancy of these cultures.38. Seven of planets rotate in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus andUranus the opposite direction.D39. In the United States voters election representatives to the national legislature, which___________Cconsists of the House of Representatives and the Senate.______40. It is the interaction between people, rather than the: events that occur in their lives,Bthat are the main focus of social psychology.上一页[1] [2] [3] [4]上一页[1] [2] [3] [4]。
2005年1月托福考试真题
2005年1月托福考试真题SECTION I1.(A) Listen to a weather report(B) Decide whether to cancel the trip(C) Schedule foe trip for a later date(D) Ask other students for their opinion about the trip2.(A) She plays tennis better than Jane does.(B) She prefers to study with Jane today.(C) She cannot play tennis with the roan today.(D) She cannot attend math class today.3.(A) He has not yet started his lab assignment(B) He just finished his chemistry experiment.(C) He can give the woman a ride home.(D) He is tired and wants to leave4.(A) She just received information about the art festival(B) She will help the man find information.(C) The man can easily find the information by himself.(D) The man should go to the art library.5.(A) The book does not belong to her.(B) She prefers not to lend her books to other people.(C) The man will be able to buy the book soon.(D) The man cannot borrow the book light now.6.(A) She did not buy a ticket for the concert.(B) She was not sure which band would be playing.(C) The band was better than she expected.(D) The man did not know the band well.7.(A) Read the speech to her(B) Give a different speech(C) Finish writing the rest of the speech(D) Stop worrying about the speech8.(A) She and Sally have already finished painting the apartment(B) She and Sally decided not to paint the apartment.(C)She hopes the roan will help paint the apartment.(D) She will invite the man to see the apartment after it is painted.9.(A) She will help the man with the machine soon.(B) She thinks the man should use another machine.(C) The machine takes a few minutes to warm up. (D) Something got caught in the copy machine.10.(A) Robert is taking a different class.(B) He is surprised the woman knows Robert.(C) The woman should be on the committee.(D) The woman should recommend additional people.11.(A) The book had been misplaced on the shelf.(B) He can probably get a copy of the book for the woman.(C) He will call the warehouse to see if the book is available.(D) The woman should check to see if other bookstores have the book.12.(A) She agrees with the man about got ng to the movies(B) She has heard about a good new movie.(C) She is tired of going to movies.(D) She already has plans for tonight13.(A) It was what she had expected.(B) She may need a new floor.(C) She plans to vote for Carl,(D) She was very surprised.14.(A) The space in the office is sufficient.(B) She does not like the desk.(C) Someone else wants the typewriter. .(D) She would like to have the typewriter removed.15.(A) She will go to the party.(B) She has to work tonight(C) She has no plans for this afternoon.(D) She does not know, the man's roommate.16.(A) The woman went to the wrong place,(B) The German class ended early.(C) The professor cancelled the class.(D) The woman forgot to go to class.17.(A) Make some coffee for the woman(B) Stay up late(C) Stay overnight at a friend's house(D) Finish the paper in the morning18.(A) He never shops at the local grocery store.(B) The woman should buy her produce from the farm.(C) The grocery store has higher quality produce.(D) It is cheaper to buy vegetables at the farm.19.(A) Pam wants to get a job in the infirmary.(B) Pam will come home from the infirmary on the weekend.(C) The woman should get off work early to visit Para.(D) The woman could go to theinfirmary on the weekend.20.(A) She needs to take chemistry as a requirement.(B) She was having trouble finding the chemistry room.(C) She did not realize there was a lab class.(D) She has already taken me lab class.21.(A) Apply for a new library card(B) Go get his student ID card(C) Talk to the librarian about his ID card(D) Get the library books from his room22.(A) He is not feeling well today.(B) He will be late for the theater club meeting.(C) He forgot to meet the woman at the theater.(D) He has not made the phone calls yet.23.(A) He did not expect to see so many people at the lecture.(B) The lecture did not start on time.(C) Bad weather kept many people from attending the lecture.(D) Few people knew about the lecture,24.(A) Take both sweaters along(B) Choose the warmer sweater(C) Pick the brighter-colored sweater(D) Wear a heavy coat instead of a sweater25.(A) The manager is too busy to see the man now.(B) The manager will be available before the meeting.(C) The man should come back tomorrow.(D) The man should go to the meeting.26.(A) She cannot use the computer now.(B) The man is not allowed to use the computer.(C) The library does not have the book the man needs.(D) The man probably will not enjoy the book.27.(A) The letters should have had more postage(B) The letters should have been sent by airmail.(C) Airmail rates have gotten too high.(D) The man should have waited to mail the letters. 28.(A) She wants one sandwich because she is nearly full,(B) She is ready to leave as soon as the ship gets here.(C) She recently learned her school expenses win be paid next year.(D) She is surprised there is only one scholarship awarded each year.29.(A) Kathy helped the man find a good car.(B) The man needs more time to decide about a car.(C) The man is definitely going to buy Kathy's car.(D) The man was not satisfied with the car he bought from Kathy.30.(A) Study outside(B) Finish studying before going outside(C) Go outside now and enjoy the weather(D) Stay inside until the weather improves31(A) Drive her mother to the theater(B) Take care of her little brother(C) Come to the theater with her(D) Help her prepare for a class presentation32.(A) He was difficult to understand.(B) He made her laugh.(C) He seemed well prepared.(D) He seemed nervous.33.(A) It was a funny incident.(B) He has made the same mistake before.(C) He is worried that it will happen again.(D) The woman should be more honest with him.34.(A) To baby-sit her little brother(B) To study with Joe(C) To see a play(D) To watch a video35.(A) To help students improve their grades(B) To start a new student magazine(C) To provide assistance to student writers(D) To place students in jobs at publishing companies36.(A) They work together at the library,(B) They took a class together.(C) They are on the staff of the campus literary review.(D) They met at a writer's conference.37.(A) He is an experienced writer.(B) He is the editor of the literary review.(C) Professor Mitchell recommended hint(D) She believes he will contribute useful comments.38.(A)Suggestions for additional assistance(B) Written critiques of their work(C) Time in class to work on their project(D) Permission to use ihe meeting room in the library39(A) The development of printing technology in the early United States(B) The firat newspapers in the British colonies(C) Colonial newspapers published by the British government(D) The role of newspapers in colonial elections40.(A) He wanted 10 be free of government control(B) He could not get a job with the government newspaper.(C) He was dissatisfied with other independent newspapers.(D) He wanted to encourage colonists to learn to read.41.(A) It was printed on a new kind of printing press.(B) It was humorous and critical*(C) It was printed on two sides*(D) It was partially founded by the government.42.(A) They could not participate in the conversations about the news.(B) They were encouraged to go to school,(C) They received information by bearing it read to them.(D) They thought newspapers were unnecessary.43(A) The history of the Galileo space probe(B) Recent discoveries about one of Jupiter's moons(C) The differences between moons and planets(D) The composition of the Earth's moon44(A) It is larger than the planet Mercury,(B) It is covered with ice.(C) It is orbited by asteroids.(D) It creates its own magnetic field.45(A) A core of molten metal(B) A huge deposit of ice(C) A combination of metal and sail water(D) A thin layer of magnetic rock46. (A) They prevented Galileo from getting too close to Ganymede.(B) They disrupted Galileo's ability to transmit images of Ganymede.(C) They indicate that Ganymede may have an atmosphere.(D) They arc the cause of Ganymede's unstable surface.47(A) A rare species of algae(B) The treatment of wastewater(C) A threat to the aquatic environment(D) The increasing number of algae in rivers48(A) They are becoming more dangerous to the user.(B) They are encouraging the growth of algae in streams(C) They are being made with fewer chemicals.(D) They are being made to kill bacteria.49.(A) It does not remove all chemicals.(B) It encourages the growth of some bacteria.(C) It is not done on a regular basis.(D) It has been improved by new technologies,50.(A) The role of algae in the food chain(B) The effect of household chemicals on algae(C) The detection of chemicals in wastewater(D) The creation of safer household productsSECTION IIPART 11. In the early eighteenth century, Ohio grew from a virtual wilderness to become-------of the early states had been in 1776,(A) most than more populous(B) more populous than most(C) more than most populous(D) populous most than more2. -------in pronunciation that Canadian English asserts its distinctiveness, and it has done so from earliest times.(A) Primarily is(B) Primarily has(C) It is primarily(D) There has primarily3. New York City. -------"Big Apple” is the largest city in the United States and has been the gateway location for repeated waves of Immigrants.(A) is the(B) which the(C) calling the(D) me4. Surface tension is the property ------the surface of a liquid tobehave as if it were covered with a weak elastic skin.(A) of which causes(B) that causes(C) that it causes(D) causes5. While flies are frequently observed assembled in great numbers, they are not social insects------termites, bees, and ants are social.(A) sense that(B) that is the sense(C) in the sense that(D) is the sense6. Baaed on atmospheric physics, -------is mainly applied in weather forecasting and control.(A) and meteorology(B) meteorology(C) is where meteorology(D) on meteorology7. -------Betsy Ross did make flags during the American Revolution, the legend mat she designed and made the first national flag for the United States is generally discredited.(A) Whether(B) For(C) Although(D) In spite of8. The heart, a rhythmically contracting muscle, is------- of the cardiovascular system.(A) the major organ(B) the organ is major(C) the organ that is major(D) how the major organ9. Extensive deposits of salt buried far underground-------found on all continents except Antarctica.(A) toe(B) that are(C) have been(D) they are10. Stagecoaches reached their greatest importance in the United Slates in the nineteenth century, when paved roads made travel —-~.(A) was quicker and more comfortable (B) quicker and more comfortable(C) for being quicker and more comfortable(D) quicker and more comfortable to be11. In North America, the Nebraska culture that succeeded the Woodland culture about A.D 1300 pioneered in------to become the area's chief economic activity, agriculture.(A) it was(B) which was(C) what was(D) was12. Contrary to some widely held beliefs-------bats, they are not blind and are not likely to attack humans.(A) concerned(B) concerning(C) to concern(D) to be concerned13. Fragile though it may seem, straw also has-------, keeping its natural gloss and pliancy for centuries.(A) resilience is extraordinary(B) some extraordinary and resilient(C) that of extraordinarily resilient(D) extraordinary resilience14. ------subject to rust, many examples of decorative ironwork on buildings have disappeared.(A) If iron were(B) iron is being(C) Since iron is(D) How iron is15. The starting point for the formation of petroleum is-------that has accumulated in die sediments on the ocean floor.(A) marine plankton has decayed(B) the decay of marine plankton(C) when decaying marine plankton(D) marine plankton, the decay of which16. In me eighteenth century, quilting became a common technique in foe American colonies for the make of coverlets sewed in floral and geometric designs.17. The computer's complex circuitry is miniaturized inside silicon chips, wafer-thin silicon crystals with circuits electronic etched onto them.18. Centrifuges are widely use to separate liquids having different densities or to separate solids from liquids.19. There is ample evidence of that about 700 million years ago, glaciers reached well into what are now tropical regions.20. Mathematics is a tool that can help solve problems and lead to new developments in other fields, such as space flight, medical, and architecture.21. The meter of English poetry is determined by accented syllables rather by the quantities of vowels,22. In the nineteenth-century United States, It was assumed that growth, change, and progressive derived mainly from individual effort and competition.23. Swelling of the mucous membranes, cause by irritants, allergies, or infections, may block the nasal passages, making breathing difficult.24. The spearmint plant, which grows to about three feet height, has stalk less leaves and la*, tapering spikes of flowers that are usually pink or lilac.25. Germ theory defined precisely how diseases affect tissues and described their passage from one living creature to other .26. The rings of the planet Uranus consists primarily of boulder-sized chunks of dark matter, averaging about one meter in diameter.27. George Inness’rendering of distance and atmosphere raised his art above the ordinarily realism of nineteenth-century American landscape painting.28. Not much is it known about the details of the development and acquisition of primate communication, especially in the wild.29. Although Alaska ia the state in the United States with the largest area, Texas is the one that is divide into the largest number of counties.30. Much of the early European colonists in North America remarked on the profusion of birds, animals, and fish . 31. The dancer and choreographer Twyla Tharp grew up in Los Angeles, California, and hers childhood included comprehensive training in music and dance.32. Telecommunication systems involve the transmission of sound, pictures, words, and other types of information by electronic means, training in signals and satellite relays.33. In addition to being the state capital, Albany is a focal point of trade, ship, and commerce in upstate New York.34. Like bats, dolphins use echolocation—pulses of high-frequency sound—both to find prey and for explore their environments.35. The American zoologist Dian Fossey conducted field studies of wild gorillas that disproved old beliefs that gorillas were violence and aggressive.36. Delaware is the only state which the legislature can amend the state constitution without the approval of the voters .37. The sub cutis layer of the skin contains fat and muscle that insulate internal organ and act as an energy reservoir for the body. 38. A supernova, the explosive death of a star, temporary attains a brightness of 100 million suns or more.39, The Northern Hemisphere faces the Sun most fully during the summer solstice which occurs in about June 22,40. San Diego has a diverse economy, deriving substantial revenue from manufacturing, maritime commerce, military installations, and agricultural active in the surrounding area.Section IIIQuestions 1-9Color in textiles is produced by dyeing, by printing, or by painting. Until thenineteenth century, all dyes were derived from vegetable or, more rarely, animalor mineral sources,Line Since madder plants could be grown practically everywhere, the roots of some5 species of the madder plant family were used from the earliest period to produce a wholerange of reds. Red animal dyes, derived! from certain species of scale insects, were alsohighly valued from ancient times through the Middle Ages. Blues were obtained fromindigo, which was widely .cultivated in India and exported from there, and from woad,a plant common in Europe and also used in the Near East from the beginning of the10 Christian era. Before the first, nonfading "solid" green was invented in the earlynineteenth century, greens were achieved by the overdyeing or overprinting of yellowand blue. However, yellow dyes±whether from weld or some other plant source suchas saffron or turmeric, invariably fade or disappear. This accounts for the bluish tingeof what were once bright greens in, for example, woven tapestry.The range of natural colors was hugely expanded and, indeed, superseded by thechemical dyes developed during the eighteen hundreds. By 1900 a complete rangeof synthetic colors had been evolved, many of them reaching a standard of resistanceto fading from exposure to light and to washing that greatly exceeded that of naturaldyestuffs. Since then, [he petroleum industry has added many new chemicals, and from20hese other types of dyestuffs have been developed. Much of the research in dyes wasstimulated by the peculiarities of some of the new synthetic fibers- Acetate rayon, forexample, seemed at first to have no affinity for dyes and a new range of dyes had to bedeveloped; nylon and Terylene presented similar problems.The printing of textiles has involved a number of distinct methods. With the exception25 of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of thesearc based on dyeing; that is, the immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.1. The passage mainly discusses the(A) development of synthetic colors foe textiles during the nineteenth century(B) advantages of chemical dyes over dyes derived from plants and animals(C) differences between dyeing textiles and printing ihem(D) history of the use of natural and chemical dyes to color textiles2. According to the passage, what was the source of most textiledyes that were used before the nineteenth century?(A) Animals(B) Minerals(C) Plants(D) Chemicals3. What was the advantage of using madder plants for different shades of red?(A) It was possible to cultivate madder plants in almost every location,(B) Madder plants produced brighter colors than other plant sources.(C) Plant sources produced more lasting colors than animal sources.(D) Dyes derived from the madder plants were easier to work with than other dyes-4. The word "invariably" ID line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) without exception(B) steadily(C) after some time(D) noticeably5. It can be inferred from the passage that the green areas inwoven tapestries developed a bluish tinge because(A) a darker color, like blue, dominates a light color, like yellow(B) light changed some of the green dye used in the tapestries to blue(C) the yellow dye. that was used in the tapestries had faded(D) the dyes used to color woven tapestries were made from minerals6. The word "superseded" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) strengthened(B) improved(C) replaced(D) complemented7. According to the passage, how did chemical dyes compare to natural dyes?(A) The chemical dyes had less attractive colors.(B) The chemical dyes were less easy to use.(C) The chemical dyes lost their brightness more quickly when exposed to light.(D) The chemical dyes held up belter after washing.8 According to the passage, what problem led to the development of new dyes after 1900 ?(A) Previously developed dyes did not work on new types of fibers.(B) Dyes derived from petroleum caused damage to new synthetic fibers.(C) New synthetic fibers required brighter colors tijan natural fibers did.(D) New fabrics easily lost their colors when washed.9. Why does the author mention "block, roller, or screen" in line25 ?(A) To give examples of textile printing techniques that are based on dyeing(B) To argue that all methods of printing patterns onto textiles involve dyeing(C) To emphasize the variety of special tools used in me process of dyeing textiles(D) To give examples of textile printing techniques mat do not involve dyeingQuestions 10-19The strangest-looking fish in the Everglades wetland region of southern Florida isthe Florida gar, whose unusual appearance includes sharp needlelike teeth that ftil along snout. Young gars have numerous dark spots and patches on an olive to yellow,Line long, slender body. Gars darken with age so that adults appear mostly dark brown,5 especially when seen from above. Several types of gar exist in eastern and centralNorth America, some of which are extremely large. The aptly named alligator gar isoccasionally mistaken for an alligator and occurs from the lower Mississippi drainagebasin to the rivers of the western panhandle of Florida. Only the relatively small Floridagar, seldom longer than two feet, lives in the Everglades. (The much larger long-nose gar10as occasionally been found in the Everglades hut historically occurs only north of theregion.) As with all gars, the Florida gar is predatory and is adept at catching smallerfish from schools by using a fast sideways snap of the jaws. It is also capable of catchingindividual prey, pursuing them along the bottom or in douse tangles of vegetation. Usinga slow, stealthy approach, tins technique is effective on fish and grass shrimp.15 Florida gars are sometimes seen in huge numbers, which is the result of low waterthat confines individuals from the expanses of the marshes to limited aquatic habitatswhere they remain during the dry season. At these times, gars become prey for thealligator. The sight of a gar held in an alligator's jaws is a vision of prehistoric imagery.In fact, gars have changed little from their ancestors that dominated Earth's waters when20 the dinosaurs flourished; they even have primitive interlockingscales that differ greatly from those of most fish. They also have the dual ability to breathe air and water and canbe observed regularly rising to the surface of the water to renew the air in their swimbladders. Florida gars are sometimes confused with a similarly shaped but unrelatedneedlefish, which are marine but commonly enter freshwater. Needlefish are greenish,25 bluish, or silvery and have a translucent appearance, hi marked contrast to the darkerand opaque Florida gars.10. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The different types of gar that live in North America(B) The type of gar that is common in the Everglades region(C) The similarities between the Florida gar and alligators(D) The different types of fish that live in the Everglades region11 Which of ihe following physical characteristics of the Florida gar is NOT described?(A) Length of snout(B) Strength of bones(C) Type of teeth(D) Shape of body12. The passage mentions which of the following as changesthat occur when young gars grow to be adults?(A) The number of spots and patches on their bodies increase*.(B) They become extremely large.(C) Their teeth become sharper.(D) They become darker.13. The word "seldom" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) slightfy(B) similarly(C) rarely(D) apparently14. The word "adept" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) skilled(B) unusual(C) alone(D) observed15. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method thatFlorida gars use to obtain food?(A) Using a sideways movement(B) Following prey slowly(C) Finding prey that swim near the surface(D) Catching prey that swim in large groups16. According to the passage, why are Florida garssometimes concentrated in large numbers?(A) Low water restricts them to certain areas.(B) Swimming in groups protects them from predators.(C) They form large groups to reproduce(D) They migrate from the marshes each year.17. The word "they" in line 17 refers to(A) individuals(B) expanses .(C) marshes(D) habitats18. The word "dual” in line 21 is closet in meaning to(A) complex(B) useful(C) deep(D) double19. Which of the following is a characteristic of both needlefishand Florida gars?(A) A primitive method of breathing(B) A long, slender body(C) Brightly colored markings(D) A translucent appearanceQuestions 20-29The Native American people of Oregon transported themselves and their goods onfoot, by canoe, by raft, by dog, and by horse. Each tribe used a combination of methods,choosing the mode of transportation best suited to the terrain, the type of load, and theLine desired speed. Since each band and local group had a different pattern of settlement and5 easonal movement, the mixture of transportation methods differed from group to groupand from season to season.Long-distance travel by foot was common all over Oregon. In rougher parts of theinland valleys area and in eastern Oregon prior to the arrival of the horse (first introducedto the area some 300 years ago), it was the principal mode of long-distance travel. Foot10 trails wound across most mountain passes and were important in maintaining the vastNative American trading network. Leather moccasins and Cute sandals were worn for longhikes and for protection against cold, rather than for everyday use. In winter, snowshoeswere used for hunting expeditions, ID the Klamath area, where lakes were well stockedwith waterfowl and plant products, Native Americans used mudshoes (built similarly to15 snowshoes) to keep from sinking in the mud.Canoes and rafts were osed by Native Americans in all parts of Oregon, although theywere not a major method of travel in eastern Oregon. The boat* were used on lakes andrivers for fishing, gathering water plants, bird hunting, and travel. Native Americans fromOregon occasionally ventured to sea for seal hunts, but long sea voyages were much less20 common than they were further north among the Nootka, Kwakiutl, and Halda people.The use of canoes along the Columbia River contributed to the development of trading and continued, communication among neighboring tribes. Most Oregon canoes were made byhollowing logs. The wooden dugout was uniquely suited to western Oregon's plentiful supplyof timber. The canoes were expertly carved in a variety of shapes and sizes toensure a smooth and quiet voyage even in rough waters.20. According to the passage, all of the following affected thechoice of transportation EXCEPT(A) the type of land that had to be traveled(B) what was to be carried(C) how fast an Item needed to be transported(D) the cost of transportation21. The word "principal" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) original(B) simple(C) main(D) ordinary22. According to the passage, the horse(A) could not be used for long distance travel(B) replaced traveling by foot in more rugged areas(C) Improved the quality of mountain foot trails(D) was an important part of Oregon's culture23. According to the passage, tube sandals were used for(A) waiting great distances(B) wanner weather(C) wearing every day(D) walking in mud24. The word "stocked" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) utilized(B) endangered(C) supplied(D) hunted25. The word "they" in line 20 refers to(A) long sea voyages(B) Native Americana(C) seal hunts(D) canoes26. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as uses of die canoe EXCEPT(A) hunting animals(B) fishing(C) carrying timber(D) collecting plants27. The word "ensure" in tine 25 is closest in meaning to(A) guarantee(B) decrease(C) convince(D) continue28. The passage supports which of the following statementsabout Native American trade in Oregon?(A) Trade was limited by the mountainous terrain,(B) Trade was more depended oc the canoe than on any otherform of travel.(C) Items related to transportation were typical trade products.(D) Transportation contributed to the development andmaintenance of trade.29. The passage most likely continues with a discussion of(A) the process of seal hunting(B) transportation by dog and horse(C) winter transportation methods(D) transportation outside of OregonQuestions 30-39The atmosphere of Venus is quite different from ours. Measurements taken from theEarth show a high concentration of carton dioxide in the atmosphere of Venus. In fact,carbon dioxide makes up 96 percent of Venus* atmosphere; nitrogen makes up almost allLine the rest. The Earth's atmosphere, by comparison, is mainly nitrogen, with a fair amount5 of oxygen as well. Carbon dioxide makes up less than 0.1percent of the terrestrial atmosphere,The surface pressure of Venus* atmosphere is 90 limes higher than the pressure ofEarth's atmosphere, as a result of the large amount of carbon dioxide in the former.Throughout Earth's history, carbon dioxide on Earth has mixed with rain to dissolve10 rocks; the dissolved rock and carbon dioxide eventually flow。
托福真题：2005年托福考试真题语法试题-托福真题
托福真题：2005年托福考试真题语法试题-托福真题2005年托福考试真题语法试题1)In their designs the S. always sought ___ to a problem,……A.the sipmlest solutionB.the solution of simplestC.the solution that simplificationD.which solution simplest2)The poet MM spent several years ___ school in CP.A.had taughtB.teachingC.her teachingD. and to teach3)When the US C authorized a postal service in 1789, ___ 75 local offices.A.the nation havingB.has the nationC.the nation hadD.for the nation to have4)___ places on the Earth where plant and animal life has not been affected by the activities of humans.A.The fewB.Being fewC.There are fewbD.Few5)___ nerve pathways conect the eye directly to the pineal gland, that gland is extremely sensitive to light.A.BecauseB.ThatC.HowD.By6)Chrom……s vary in size and shape and usually ___ in pairs.A.occurringB.to occurC.occurD.as occur7)SL became the first VS woman ___ abroad the RM space station.A.who workingB.has workedC.was workingD.to work8)The gravitational attractive of a black hole is extremely intense, but it would be no stronger ___ of a normal star of the same mass.A.than thatB.as isC.than it isD.from which9)____ basically hunting animals and as such are physiologically adapted to going for long periods without food or water.A.Dogs beingB.DogsC.There are dogsD.Dogs are10)In filmmaking, ___ the segments of a film are presented can be varied to creat drastically different dramatic effects.A.the order which inB.the order in whichC.in the order whichD.in which the order11)Perhaps even more important than the accuracy and realibility of a m……cal instrument ___.A.that positioning it is correctB.is positioned correctlyC.that its correct positionD.is that it be positioned correctly12)The DP began to assume its modern form during the intence political conflict __ US citizens after the war of 1892.A.dividedB.that dividedC.that divided itD.that it divided13)____ Earth's crust averages only 004 grams of the gold per ton, ……A.DespiteB.ExceptC.AlthoughD.Whether14)In the process of v……,rubber is combined with sulfur, make it ___ to heat and cold.A.is resistantB.to resistC.resistantD.resist15)The presence in the US during the second world war of___ European su…… was decisive in the development of AE.A.which manyB.many theC.many areD.many16. Lake Michigan is the third (large) of the American Great Lakes and (the only) one (lying) wholly (within) the United States.17. (Many) films (produced) in the United States (during) the 1930's were set in the American Civil War period and the years following (them.)18. Children (who) form a positive self-concept are more assertive, optimistic, (confidence), and sociable (than those) who (do not).19. Intaglio printing is the (oppose )of relief printing, since (the printing) is (done )form ink that (is below )the surface of the plate.20. Form the outset, (the) formulation and teaching of technique figured (prominently) in the (development) of American modern (dancer).21. Oil shales, (which may) furnish a (significantly) fraction of the world's future energy, vary in richness, (yielding) from four to fifty percent oil (by weight).22. Government comprises the set of legal and political institutions (that) regulate the relationships (among) members of(a )society and between the society (or) outsiders.23. Niagara Falls (is) not (only one) of (North America's greatest) tourist attractions but (also source) of hydroelectricity.24. (Although) the beaver is a (powerful) swimmer, it has difficulty (moves) the logs and braches it (needs for) building and for food.25. True cedars are (members) of the pine family and are 120 to 150 (feet tall), with (erect )cones and (bunches short), needlelike leaves.26. Grandma Moses, the well-known American artist, began (to paint) at the age of 76 (when) she could (no long) do needlework because of arthritis.27. (In) warm-blooded animals, body temperature (are) maintained within narrow (limits) regardless of the temperature of the animals' (surroundings).28. Bret Harte, (which) best-known works describe life in California in the mid-1800's, (helped shape) the (literary) movement (called) local-color writing.29. (With the) Democrats' adoption of (economic) radicalism in t[1] [2] 下一页[1] [2] 下一页2005年托福考试真题语法试题he 1890's, (and the) Republicans emerged as the (majority party) in the United States.30. (The more) kinetic (energy in) the particles of (a material), the (hottest) the material is.31.Weather forecasting was of vital (important) in the seafaring (and agricultural) lives (led by) the seventeenth-century European colonists (in what) is now the United States.32.One (common) herb of the mint family is thyme, the (dried) leaves and flowering tops of which (is) used (to flavor) manydifferent food.33. Birds usually (have very) well-developed sense of (sight),and the optic lobes of (their brains) are (correspondingly) large.34. Peter Cooper launched a number of (successful) commercial (enterprise), including the Canton Iron Works in Baltimore, (which produced) the first (commercially operated) North American steam locomotive.35.Fainting (is caused) by stoppage of the blood supply to brain, due to (temporary) heart (fail) from shock, (weakness), or exhaustion.36.The Fundamental physical (principle) of photography is that (light falling) on the grains (of certain) insoluble silver salts produces small, (invisibly) changes in the grains.37. The oxygen of the atmosphere, (so) essential to (many of) forms of life, (represents) the accumulated product of over3,500,000,000 years of photosynthesis (by) green plants.38. Most of the world's energy ——(including) wind (and) water power and (all) fossil fuels ——(come) indirectly from the Sun.39.(The wolf) was once the (most widely) distributed (kind of) mammal (on) the world.40. Instruments that (measure) the passage (of time) have been in (exist) for (about) 4,000 years.上一页[1] [2]上一页[1] [2]。
2005年10月份托福阅读真题_真题-无答案
2005年10月份托福阅读真题(总分50,考试时间120分钟)Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1-10All mammals feed their young. Beluga whale mothers, for example, nurse their calves for some twenty months, until they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food. The behavior of feeding of the young is built into the reproductive system. It is a nonelective part of parental care and the defining feature of a mammal, the most important thing that mammals-- whether marsupials, platypuses, spiny anteaters, or placental mammals -- have in common.But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, feed their young. Most egg-guarding fish do not, for the simple reason that their young are so much smaller than the parents and eat food that is also much smaller than the food eaten by adults. In reptiles, the crocodile mother protects her young after they have hatched and takes them down to the water, where they will find food, but she does not actually feed them. Few insects feed their young after hatching, but some make other arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed with their venom and stored in a state of suspended animation so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh food when they hatch.For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental care. Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants. The most vulnerable moment in any animal's life is when it first finds **pletely on its own, when it must forage and fend for itself. Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size that it is better able to cope. Young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime those young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies. Once a species does take the step of feeding its young, the young become totally dependent on the extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young generally do no survive.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The care that various animals give to their offspring.B. The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food.C. The methods that mammals use to nurse their young.D. The importance among young mammals of becoming independent.2. The author lists various animals in line 5 toA. contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammalsB. describe the process by which mammals came to be definedC. emphasize the point that every type of mammal feeds its own youngD. explain why a particular feature of mammals is nonelective3. The word "tend" in line 7 is closest in meaning toA. sit onB. moveC. noticeD. care for4. What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal parents feeding their young?A. It is unknown among fish.B. It is unrelated to the size of the young.C. It is dangerous for the parents.D. It is **mon among mammals.5. The word "provisioning" in line 13 is closest in meaning toA. supplyingB. preparingC. buildingD. expanding6. According to the passage, how do some insects make sure their young have food?A. By storing food near their young.B. By locating their nests or cells near spiders and caterpillars.C. By searching for food some distance from their nest.D. By gathering food from a nearby water source.7. The word "edge" in line 17 is closest in meaning toA. opportunityB. advantageC. purposeD. rest8. The word "it" in line 20 refers toA. FeedingB. momentC. young animalD. size9. According to the passage, animal young are most defenseless whenA. their parents are away searching for foodB. their parents have many young to feedC. they are only a few days oldD. they first become independent10. The word "shielded" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA. raisedB. protectedC. hatchedD. valuedQuestion 11-21:Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks upthe ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The origins of textile decorationB. The characteristics of good-quality printsC. Two types of printmakingD. Types of paper used in printmaking12. The word "prime" in line 2 is closest in meaning toA. principalB. complexC. generalD. recent13. The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describeA. the woodcuts found in China in the fifth centuryB. the use of woodcuts in the textile industryC. the process involved in creating a woodcutD. the introduction of woodcuts to Europe14. The word "incised" in line 15 is closest in meaning toA. burnedB. cutC. framedD. baked15. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage/A. "patterns"(line 5)B. "grain"(line 8)C. "burin"(line 16)D. "grooves"(line 17)16. The word "distinctive" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA. uniqueB. accurateC. irregularD. similar17. According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that itA. developed from the art of the goldsmithsB. requires that the paper be cut with a burinC. originated in the fifteenth centuryD. involves carving into a metal plate18. The word "yield" in line 23 is closest in meaning toA. imitateB. produceC. reviseD. contrast19. According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?A. Their designs are slightly raised.B. They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C. They were first used in Europe.D. They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.20. According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century?A. Prints could be made at low cost.B. The quality of paper and ink had improved.C. Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.D. Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that theyA. can be reproduced on materials other than paperB. are created from a reversed imageC. show variations between light and dark shadesD. require a printing pressQuestions 22-31:The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. **plex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D. 700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale. They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun --- the guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves "children of the Sun" and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.22. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The development of agricultureB. The locations of towns and villagesC. The early people and cultures of the United StatesD. The construction of burial mounds23. Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States?A. The development of trade in North AmericaB. The establishment of permanent settlementsC. Conflicts with other Native American groups over landD. A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.24. What does the term "Adena-Hopewell"(line 7) designate?A. The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureB. The two most important nations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureC. Two former leaders who were honored with large burial mounds.D. Two important trade routes in eastern North America25. The word "bartering" in line 9 is closest in meaning toA. producingB. exchangingC. transportingD. loading26. The word "supplanted" in line 13 is closest in meaning toA. conqueredB. precededC. replacedD. imitated27. According to the passage, when did the Mississippian culture reach its highest point of development?A. About A.D. 400B. Between A.D. 400 AND A.D. 700C. About A.D. 1200D. In the sixteenth century28. According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors?A. The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food.B. The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.C. The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.D. The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.29. Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves "children of the Sun"(line 22)?A. To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.B. To argue about the importance of religion in their culture.C. To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D. To provide an example of their religious rituals.30. The phrase "charged with" in line 26 is closest in meaning toA. passed onB. experienced atC. interested inD. assigned to31. According to the passage, the flat-topped mounds in Mississippian towns were used for all of the following purposes EXCEPTA. religious ceremoniesB. meeting places for the **munityC. sites **merceD. burial sitesQuestion 32-40:Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from **munities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all **merce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unableto finance road construction, states turned for help to **panies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in **munications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave **pany the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates. (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)**pany built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on **panies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie.Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The **mon road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the **mon of which had four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.32. Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of theA. popularity of turnpikesB. financing of new roadsC. development of the interiorD. laws governing road use33. The word "primitive" in line 1 is closest in meaning toA. unsafeB. unknownC. inexpensiveD. undeveloped34. In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country withA. other **munitiesB. towns in other statesC. river towns or seaportsD. construction sites35. The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and 5 is closest in meaning toA. in need ofB. in place ofC. at the start ofD. with the purpose of36. According to the passage, why did states want **panies to help with road building?A. The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B. The states were not as well equipped as **panies.C. **panies **plete roads faster than the states.D. **panies had greater knowledge of the interior.37. The word "it" in line 11 refers toA. legislatureB. companyC. authorityD. payment38. The word "imitation" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA. investmentB. suggestionC. increasingD. copying39. Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state thatA. built roads without tollgatesB. built roads with government moneyC. completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one yearD. introduced new law restricting road use40. The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example of a feature of wagons that wasA. unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehiclesB. first found in GermanyC. effective on roads with uneven surfacesD. responsible for frequent damage to freightQuestion 41- 50:In Death V alley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively. Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars. That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and wedging. This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley. There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface.Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground. Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones. These crystals grow as long as salt water is available. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice. Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon. Not restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.41. What is the passage mainly about?A. The destructive effects of salt on rocks.B. The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.C. The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.D. The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.42. The word "it" in line 9 refers toA. salty waterB. groundwater tableC. capillary actionD. sediment43. The word "exert" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA. putB. reduceC. replaceD. control44. In lines 13-17, why does the **pare tree roots withgrowing salt crystals?A. They both force hard surfaces to crack.B. They both grow as long as water is available.C. They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.D. They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.45. In lines 17-18, the author mentions the "expansion of halitecrystals...by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration"in order toA. present an alternative theory about crystal growthB. explain how some rocks are not affected by saltC. simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedgingD. introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks46. The word "durable" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA. largeB. strongC. flexibleD. pressured47. The word "shattered" in line 20 is closest in meaning toA. arrangedB. dissolvedC. broken apartD. gathered together48. The word "dominant" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA. most recentB. **monC. least availableD. least damaging49. According to the passage, which of the following is true about theeffects of salts on rocks?A. Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.B. Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.C. A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.D. Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley,50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common?A. They are protected from weathering.B. They do not allow capillary action of water.C. They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.D. They contain more carbonates than sulfates.。
托福指导：ETS官方公布新托福考试三种报名方式及流程-托福指导
托福指导：ETS官方公布新托福考试三种报名方式及流程-托福指导ETS官方公布新托福考试三种报名方式及流程上海新东方从网上得到最新信息，近日，ETS在其官方网站上公布了新托福考试的报名方式及流程。
目前ETS已经开通了三种新托福考试注册方式：网上在线报名，电话报名和邮寄报名三种报名方式。
第一种：网上在线报名。
有以下5个特点：一周7天24小时，随时都可以上网进行考试报名注册；不需要额外的手续费；注册后立即就能得到ETS的e-mail确认信息；需要美元信用卡进行在线支付；网上进行考试报名注册的最后期限是选定考试时间前的第7日，也就是说至少要提前7天去报名注册。
网址为https://。
第二种：电话报名注册方式。
它有如下5个特点：同样要求考生至少在考试前7天报名注册；同样需要美元信用卡，进行电话支付；需要从下载TOEFL iBT Registration Form表格，因为你将要求提供一些相关的重要信息；如果你居住在美国、加拿大地区需要拨的电话为1-800-468-6335，如果你没有居住在上述地区，又想要在美国参加新托福考试的话需要拨的电话为1-433-751-4862，如果你想要参加上述地区之外的考试，需要拨的电话为当地的注册中心的电话；电话注册后，你会被告知如下信息：注册号码（考试当天你必须带去考场的），参加考试的时间，参加考试的地点；成绩通知的时间。
第三种：邮寄报名注册方式。
首先从网上下载Registration Form（报名注册表格，此表格在Information and Registration Bulletin中也能找得到）；然后再填写完此表格；接着将此份表格直接寄往ETS或者是当地的考试注册中心，ETS考试中心的地址如下：TOEFL Services, Educational Testing Service, PO Box 6151, Princeton, NJ 08541-6151, USA，另外如果是有残疾的考生所需要寄送的地址有所变化，其为TOEFL Disability Services, Educational Testing Service, PO Box 6054, Princeton, NJ 08541-6054, USA；最后需要注意的两点是：考生填好的注册表应该在你选择的第一考试时间的至少前四周寄到相应考试注册地点，这种方式的注册只有残疾考生才被允许采用信用卡方式支付考试费用。
2005年10月份托福阅读真题及答案
Question 11-21:Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The origins of textile decorationB. The characteristics of good-quality printsC. Two types of printmakingD. Types of paper used in printmaking12. The word "prime" in line 2 is closest in meaning toA. principalB. complexC. generalD. recent13. The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describeA. the woodcuts found in China in the fifth centuryB. the use of woodcuts in the textile industryC. the process involved in creating a woodcutD. the introduction of woodcuts to Europe14. The word "incised" in line 15 is closest in meaning toA. burnedB. cutC. framedD. baked15. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage/A. "patterns"(line 5)B. "grain"(line 8)C. "burin"(line 16)D. "grooves"(line 17)16. The word "distinctive" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA. uniqueB. accurateC. irregularD. similar17. According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that itA. developed from the art of the goldsmithsB. requires that the paper be cut with a burinC. originated in the fifteenth centuryD. involves carving into a metal plate18. The word "yield" in line 23 is closest in meaning toA. imitateB. produceC. reviseD. contrast19. According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?A. Their designs are slightly raised.B. They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C. They were first used in Europe.D. They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.20. According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century?A. Prints could be made at low cost.B. The quality of paper and ink had improved.C. Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.D. Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.21. According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that theyA. can be reproduced on materials other than paperB. are created from a reversed imageC. show variations between light and dark shadesD. require a printing pressQuestions 22-31:The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery,pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. This complex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D. 700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale. They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun --- the guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves "children of the Sun" and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.22. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The development of agricultureB. The locations of towns and villagesC. The early people and cultures of the United StatesD. The construction of burial mounds23. Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States?A. The development of trade in North AmericaB. The establishment of permanent settlementsC. Conflicts with other Native American groups over landD. A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.24. What does the term "Adena-Hopewell"(line 7) designate?A. The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureB. The two most important nations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureC. Two former leaders who were honored with large burial mounds.D. Two important trade routes in eastern North America25. The word "bartering" in line 9 is closest in meaning toA. producingB. exchangingC. transportingD. loading26. The word "supplanted" in line 13 is closest in meaning toA. conqueredB. precededC. replacedD. imitated27. According to the passage, when did the Mississippian culture reach its highest point of development?A. About A.D. 400B. Between A.D. 400 AND A.D. 700C. About A.D. 1200D. In the sixteenth century28. According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors?A. The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food.B. The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.C. The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.D. The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.29. Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves "children of the Sun"(line 22)?A. To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.B. To argue about the importance of religion in their culture.C. To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D. To provide an example of their religious rituals.30. The phrase "charged with" in line 26 is closest in meaning toA. passed onB. experienced atC. interested inD. assigned to31. According to the passage, the flat-topped mounds in Mississippian towns were used for all of the following purposes EXCEPTA. religious ceremoniesB. meeting places for the entire communityC. sites for commerceD. burial sitesQuestion 32-40:Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates. (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie.Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.32. Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of theA. popularity of turnpikesB. financing of new roadsC. development of the interiorD. laws governing road use33. The word "primitive" in line 1 is closest in meaning toA. unsafeB. unknownC. inexpensiveD. undeveloped34. In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country withA. other inland communitiesB. towns in other statesC. river towns or seaportsD. construction sites35. The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and 5 is closest in meaning toA. in need ofB. in place ofC. at the start ofD. with the purpose of36. According to the passage, why did states want private companies to help with road building?A. The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B. The states were not as well equipped as private companies.C. Private companies could complete roads faster than the states.D. Private companies had greater knowledge of the interior.37. The word "it" in line 11 refers toA. legislatureB. companyC. authorityD. payment38. The word "imitation" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA. investmentB. suggestionC. increasingD. copying39. Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state thatA. built roads without tollgatesB. built roads with government moneyC. completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one yearD. introduced new law restricting road use40. The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example of a feature of wagons that wasA. unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehiclesB. first found in GermanyC. effective on roads with uneven surfacesD. responsible for frequent damage to freightQuestion 41- 50:In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively. Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars. That attests tothe chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and wedging. This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley. There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface.Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground. Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones. These crystals grow as long as salt water is available. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice. Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon. Not restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.41. What is the passage mainly about?A. The destructive effects of salt on rocks.B. The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.C. The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.D. The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.42. The word "it" in line 9 refers toA. salty waterB. groundwater tableC. capillary actionD. sediment43. The word "exert" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA. putB. reduceC. replaceD. control44. In lines 13-17, why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals?A. They both force hard surfaces to crack.B. They both grow as long as water is available.C. They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.D. They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.45. In lines 17-18, the author mentions the "expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration" in order toA. present an alternative theory about crystal growthB. explain how some rocks are not affected by saltC. simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedgingD. introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks46. The word "durable" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA. largeB. strongC. flexibleD. pressured47. The word "shattered" in line 20 is closest in meaning toA. arrangedB. dissolvedC. broken apartD. gathered together48. The word "dominant" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA. most recent页眉内容B. most commonC. least availableD. least damaging49. According to the passage, which of the following is true about theeffects of salts on rocks?A. Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.B. Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.C. A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.D. Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley,50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common?A. They are protected from weathering.B. They do not allow capillary action of water.C. They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.D. They contain more carbonates than sulfates.答案CACBC ABBDA DCBAB CCACD BBDCC AADBC AAAAD BCBCC。
2005年TOEFL考试模拟题（1-1）2
11. The early railroads were _____the existing arteries of transportation: roads turnpikes, canals, and other waterways.(A) those short lines connected(B) short lines that connected(C) connected by short lines(D) short connecting lines12. ______ as a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideals of the period inwhich it was created.(A) Ranks(B) The ranking(C) To be ranked(D) For being ranked13.Jackie Robinson, _______ to play baseball in the major leagues, joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947.(A) the Black American who first(B) the first Black American(C) was the first Black American(D) the first and a Black American who14. During the flood of 1927, the Red cross,______out of emergency headquarters inMississippi , set up temporary shelters for the homeless.(A) operates(B) is operating(C) has operated(D) operating15 . In bacteria and in other organisms,______is the nucleic acid DNA that provides the genetic information .(A) both(B) which(C) and(D) it Structure and Written Expression1. Simple photographic lenses cannot ______sharp, undistorted images over a wide field.(A) to form(B) are formed(C) forming(D) form2. Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one ______ the most.(A) it influence farmers(B) that influences farmers(C) farmers that it influences(D) why farmers influence it3. Beverly Sills, ______, assumed directorship of the New York City Opera in 1979.(A) be a star soprano(B) was a star soprano(C) a star soprano and(D) a star soprano4. ______ of tissues is known as histology.(A) Studying scientific(B) The scientific study(C) To study scientifically(D) That is scientific studying5. With the exception of mercury, ______ at standard temperature and pressure.(A) the metallic elements are solid(B) which is a solid metallic element(C) metallic elements being solid(D) since the metallic elements are solid6. Potential dehydration is_______ that a land animal faces.(A) the often greatest hazard(B) the greatest often hazard(C) often the greatest hazard(D) often the hazard greatest7. By tracking the eye of a hurricane, forecasters can determine the speed at which ____.(A) is a storm moving(B) a storm is moving(C) is moving a storm(D) a moving storm8. The Grapes of Wrath, a novel about the Depression years of the 1930 s, is one of John Steinbeck s ______ books .(A) most famous(B) the most famous(C) are most famous(D) and most famous9. Technology will play a key role in _______future life-styles.(A) to shape(B) shaping(C) shape of(D) shaped10. The computer has dramatically affected _____photographic lenses are constructed .(A) is the way(B) that the way(C) which way do(D) the way11. The early railroads were _____the existing arteries of transportation: roads turnpikes, canals, and other waterways.(A) those short lines connected(B) short lines that connected(C) connected by short lines(D) short connecting lines12. ______ as a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideals of the period inwhich it was created.(A) Ranks(B) The ranking(C) To be ranked(D) For being ranked13.Jackie Robinson, _______ to play baseball in the major leagues, joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947.(A) the Black American who first(B) the first Black American(C) was the first Black American(D) the first and a Black American who14. During the flood of 1927, the Red cross,______out of emergency headquarters inMississippi , set up temporary shelters for the homeless.(A) operates(B) is operating(C) has operated(D) operating15 . In bacteria and in other organisms,______is the nucleic acid DNA that provides the genetic information .(A) both(B) which(C) and(D) it。
2005年11月托福语法试题
1)In their designs the S. always sought ___ to a problem,…… A.the sipmlest solution B.the solution of simplest C.the solution that simplification D.which solution simplest 2)The poet MM spent several years ___ school in CP. A.had taught B.teaching C.her teaching D. and to teach 3)When the US C authorized a postal service in 1789, ___ 75 local offices. A.the nation having B.has the nation C.the nation had D.for the nation to have 4)___ places on the Earth where plant and animal life has not been affected by the activities of humans. A.The few B.Being few C.There are fewb D.Few 5)___ nerve pathways conect the eye directly to the pineal gland, that gland is extremely sensitive to light. A.Because B.That C.How D.By 6)Chrom……s vary in size and shape and usually ___ in pairs. A.occurring B.to occur C.occur D.as occur 7)SL became the first VS woman ___ abroad the RM space station. A.who working B.has worked C.was working D.to work 8)The gravitational attractive of a black hole is extremely intense, but it would be no stronger ___ of a normal star of thesame mass. A.than that B.as is C.than it is D.from which 9)____ basically hunting animals and as such are physiologically adapted to going for long periods without food or water. A.Dogs being B.Dogs C.There are dogs D.Dogs are 10)In filmmaking, ___ the segments of a film are presented can be varied to creat drastically different dramatic effects. A.the order which in B.the order in which C.in the order which D.in which the order 11)Perhaps even more important than the accuracy and realibility of a m……cal instrument ___. A.that positioning it is correct B.is positioned correctly C.that its correct position D.is that it be positioned correctly 12)The DP began to assume its modern form during the intence political conflict __ US citizens after the war of 1892. A.divided B.that divided C.that divided it D.that it divided 13)____ Earth's crust averages only 004 grams of the gold per ton, …… A.Despite B.Except C.Although D.Whether 14)In the process of v……,rubber is combined with sulfur, make it ___ to heat and cold. A.is resistant B.to resist C.resistant D.resist 15)The presence in the US during the second world war of ___ European su…… was decisive in the development of AE. A.which many B.many the C.many are D.many 16. Lake Michigan is the third (large) of the American Great Lakes and (the only) one (lying) wholly (within) the United States. 17. (Many) films (produced) in the United States (during) the 1930's were set in the American Civil War period and the years following (them.) 18. Children (who) form a positive self-concept are more assertive, optimistic, (confidence), and sociable (than those) who (do not). 19. Intaglio printing is the (oppose )of relief printing, since (the printing) is (done )form ink that (is below )the surface of the plate. 20. Form the outset, (the) formulation and teaching of technique figured (prominently) in the (development) of American modern (dancer). 21. Oil shales, (which may) furnish a (significantly) fraction of the world's future energy, vary in richness, (yielding) from four to fifty percent oil (by weight). 22. Government comprises the set of legal and political institutions (that) regulate the relationships (among) members of(a )society and between the society (or) outsiders. 23. Niagara Falls (is) not (only one) of (North America's greatest) tourist attractions but (also source) of hydroelectricity. 24. (Although) the beaver is a (powerful) swimmer, it has difficulty (moves) the logs and braches it (needs for) building and for food. 25. True cedars are (members) of the pine family and are 120 to 150 (feet tall), with (erect )cones and (bunches short), needlelike leaves. 26. Grandma Moses, the well-known American artist, began (to paint) at the age of 76 (when) she could (no long) do needlework because of arthritis. 27. (In) warm-blooded animals, body temperature (are) maintained within narrow (limits) regardless of the temperature of the animals' (surroundings). 28. Bret Harte, (which) best-known works describe life in California in the mid-1800's, (helped shape) the (literary) movement (called) local-color writing. 29. (With the) Democrats' adoption of (economic) radicalism in the 1890's, (and the) Republicans emerged as the (majority party) in the United States. 30. (The more) kinetic (energy in) the particles of (a material), the (hottest) the material is. 31.Weather forecasting was of vital (important) in the seafaring (and agricultural) lives (led by) the seventeenth-century European colonists (in what) is now the United States. 32.One (common) herb of the mint family is thyme, the (dried) leaves and flowering tops of which (is) used (to flavor) many different food. 33. Birds usually (have very) well-developed sense of (sight), and the optic lobes of (their brains) are (correspondingly) large. 34. Peter Cooper launched a number of (successful) commercial (enterprise), including the Canton Iron Works in Baltimore, (which produced) the first (commercially operated) North American steam locomotive. 35.Fainting (is caused) by stoppage of the blood supply to brain, due to (temporary) heart (fail) from shock, (weakness), or exhaustion. 36.The Fundamental physical (principle) of photography is that (light falling) on the grains (of certain) insoluble silver salts produces small, (invisibly) changes in the grains. 37. The oxygen of the atmosphere, (so) essential to (many of) forms of life, (represents) the accumulated product of over 3,500,000,000 years of photosynthesis (by) green plants. 38. Most of the world's energy ——(including) wind (and) water power and (all) fossil fuels ——(come) indirectly from the Sun. 39.(The wolf) was once the (most widely) distributed (kind of) mammal (on) the world. 40. Instruments that (measure) the passage (of time) have been in (exist) for (about) 4,000 years.。
国家留学基金委英语考试真题答案2005年
国家留学基金委英语考试真题答案2005年全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1National Study Abroad Fund Commission English Exam Answer 2005Section A: Reading Comprehension1. C. Its size and universal appeal.2. A. To criticize the idea of equating love with romance.3. D. Personal relationships suffer when life is seen as an ascent to glory.4. B. To appreciate love as it is5. A. Cardinal Newman's expectation of the unexpected.6. C. Sly, manipulative people who misinterpret history.7. D. A limited understanding of experience.8. B. Excavated ancient masks may be given cultural meaning.9. C. It believes in material prosperity.10. A. Look through Pollock’s abstract expressionist art to find recurring images.Section B: Cloze Test11. A. species12. C. absence13. D. scientifically14. B. fascinating15. C. ridiculous16. A. flourishing17. B. integrated18. D. consequentlySection C: Vocabulary and Structure19. D. in which20. B. assigning21. C. by22. A. take23. B. have been laid24. A. way25. D. medium26. C. once27. B. were28. A. untidy29. D. get on with30. C. the saying goesSection D: Error Identification31. C. how32. D. That33. B. so34. A. have been35. C. forSection E: Writing(Answer may vary)Overall, the 2005 National Study Abroad Fund Commission English Exam was designed to test students' understanding of English language and literature. The comprehension sectiontouched upon various themes like love, history, and art, while the vocabulary and structure section tested grammar rules and sentence formation. The cloze test evaluated students' ability to fill in missing words in a passage, challenging their vocabulary and contextual understanding.Students who took the exam were expected to showcase their English proficiency through a range of exercises, from reading and comprehension to writing a well-structured essay. The exam aimed to assess not only students' language skills but also their critical thinking and analytical abilities.In conclusion, the 2005 National Study Abroad Fund Commission English Exam served as a comprehensive assessment of students' English proficiency. It tested their knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension, providing a well-rounded evaluation of their language abilities. This exam was a crucial step for students looking to study abroad, as it demonstrated their readiness to engage withEnglish-speaking academic environments.篇2National Scholarship Council (CSC) English Exam 2005 Answer KeySection A: Vocabulary and Grammar1. C2. B3. D4. A5. B6. D7. A8. C9. D10. A11. B12. C13. B14. D15. A16. B17. C18. A19. D20. CSection B: Reading Comprehension21. D22. C23. A24. B25. C26. A27. D28. B29. D30. CSection C: WritingIn this section, candidates were required to write an essay on one of the following three topics:1. The importance of education in a globalized world2. The impact of technology on society3. The benefits of studying abroadSample Answer: The benefits of studying abroadStudying abroad can be a life-changing experience for many students. It offers a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in a different culture, learn a new language, and gain a global perspective on world issues. There are several benefits of studying abroad, both personally and academically.Firstly, studying abroad allows students to step out of their comfort zone and challenge themselves in a new environment. It encourages independence, resilience, and adaptability, which are important skills to succeed in today's globalized world. By living in a foreign country, students can learn to appreciate different customs, traditions, and perspectives, ultimately becoming more open-minded and tolerant individuals.Secondly, studying abroad provides students with the opportunity to enhance their language skills. Immersion in a foreign language environment can accelerate language learningand improve fluency. Being able to communicate in a second or third language is not only advantageous for academic and professional purposes but also for personal enrichment and cultural exchange.Additionally, studying abroad can broaden one's academic horizons and expose them to new ideas and research. Many universities and institutions around the world offer unique programs, courses, and research opportunities that may not be available in one's home country. By studying abroad, students can gain a fresh perspective on their field of study and contribute to the global academic community.In conclusion, studying abroad has numerous benefits that extend beyond the classroom. It can shape students intowell-rounded, culturally competent individuals who are prepared to navigate the complexities of our interconnected world. As such, I believe that studying abroad is a valuable and enriching experience that every student should consider.Overall, the 2005 National Scholarship Council English Exam presented candidates with a challenging but comprehensive assessment of their English language skills. By accurately completing the multiple-choice questions, demonstrating proficiency in reading comprehension, and effectively expressingtheir ideas in the writing section, candidates could showcase their abilities and qualify for the prestigious CSC scholarship.篇3National Scholarship Fund Committee English Exam Answers 2005Part I: Reading Comprehension1. C2. A3. B4. D5. C6. B7. A8. D9. A10. BPart II: Vocabulary1. negotiate2. benefits3. distribute4. shortage5. crucial6. monitor7. violate8. suspend9. frequently10. accuratePart III: WritingTopic: Do you agree or disagree with the statement, "It is important for young people to travel and experience different cultures"?I agree with the statement that it is important for young people to travel and experience different cultures. Traveling allows individuals to expand their horizons, gain new perspectives, and develop a greater appreciation for diversity.One of the main benefits of traveling is the opportunity to learn about different cultures firsthand. By immersing oneself in a new environment, individuals can experience different customs, traditions, and ways of life. This exposure not only enriches their knowledge but also helps them become more open-minded and empathetic towards others.Furthermore, traveling offers a unique opportunity for personal growth and self-discovery. Being in a foreign country challenges individuals to step out of their comfort zones, adapt to new situations, and communicate with people from diverse backgrounds. These experiences can help young people develop important skills such as independence, resilience, and cultural competence.In addition, traveling can also be a source of inspiration and creativity. Exposure to new sights, sounds, and experiences can stimulate the mind and ignite a sense of curiosity and wonder. This can lead to new ideas, insights, and perspectives that can benefit individuals in their personal and professional lives.In conclusion, I believe that traveling and experiencing different cultures is an important and enriching experience for young people. It not only broadens their horizons and fosterspersonal growth but also encourages tolerance, understanding, and appreciation for the diversity of our world.Overall, the 2005 National Scholarship Fund Committee English exam was challenging but fair. The reading comprehension section tested a range of skills, including inference, analysis, and vocabulary. The vocabulary section required a solid understanding of word meanings and usage. The writing section allowed candidates to articulate their thoughts and opinions on a relevant topic.In conclusion, the exam was a comprehensive assessment of English language proficiency and critical thinking skills. It provided a valuable opportunity for candidates to showcase their abilities and demonstrate their readiness for studying abroad.。
2005年11月份托福阅读真题及答案
2005年11月份托福阅读真题及答案发布日期：2006-05-06 发表评论信息来源：竞学学习Questions 1-10As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenthcentury, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as line fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places towould-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example,were popular items.Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Althoughgovernmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because thesurrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth.They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did theycater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of thecourts of justice.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Philadelphia's agriculture importance(B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets(B) the High Street Market was forced to close(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.3. The word "hinterland " in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) tradition(B) association(C) produce(D) region4. The word "it" in line 6 refers to(A) the crowded city(B) a radius(C) the High Street Market(D) the period5. The word "persisted" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) returned(B) started(C) declined(D) continued6. According to the passage, fairs in Philadelphia were held(A) on the same day as market says(B) as often as possible(C) a couple of times a year(D) whenever the government allowed it7. It can be inferred that the author mentions "Linens and stockings" in line 12 to show that they were items that(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia(D) could easily be transported8. The word "eradicate" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) eliminate(B) exploit(C) organize(D) operate9. What does the author mean by stating in line 17 that "economic development was on the merchants' side "?(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful.10. The word "undergoing" in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) requesting(B) experiencing(C) repeating(D) includingQuestions 11-22Avicolturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learnedhow to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continueto look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. line When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the (5) nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirtare cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. (10) Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As thewater that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment(15) In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors (20) to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material toact as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from (25) direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secureplace to rest.11. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Nesting material varies according to theparrots' environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor inincubating parrots' eggs.(C) Aviculturists have constructed the idealnest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots' nests provide informationuseful for artificial incubation.12. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B)birds(C)eggs(D) rates13. According to paragraph 2, when thetemperature of the sides and bottom of the eggare cooler than the top, then(A) there may be a good chance forsuccessful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg toa new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down14. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newlyhatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom ofthe nest(D) make the nest bigger15. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidityin the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of thenest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs16. All of the following are part of a parrot'sincubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from thebottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom ofthe nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the topof the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on theeggshell17. The word "suspend" in line 19 is closest inmeaning to(A) build(B) paint(C)hang(D) move18. The word "fatal" in line 25 is closest inmeaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot19. The word "secure" in line 27 is closest inmeaning to(A) fiesh(B)diy(C)safe(D)warm20. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather21. Which of the following is a problem withcommercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changesof the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in thesame way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.22. Which of the following terms is defined in thepassage?(A) Aviculturists (line I)(B) Gradient (line 8)(C) Incubation (line 15)(D) Embryo (line 24)Questions 23-33The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particlesto large boulders. The most abundant particles—sand, silt, and clay—are the focusof examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe theline composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls.(5) To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight.In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of sod andsqueezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing (10) a sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provides the basis for a generaltextural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the (15) amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices calledsediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered(20) through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles,they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the (25) basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water .Since clays settle so slowly, they are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.23. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Characteristics of high quality soil(B) Particles typically found in most soils(C) How a high clay content affects the texture of soil(D) Ways to determine the texture of soil24. The author mentions "several representative handrals" in line 4 in order to show(A) the range of soil samples(B) the process by which soil is weighed(C) the requirements for an adequate soil sample(D) how small soil particles are25. The phrase "sorted out" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) mixed(B) replaced(C) carried(D) separated26. It can be inferred mat the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in paragraph 2 reflect(A) the way the soil is extracted(B) the results of squeezing the soil(C) the need to check more than onehandful(D) the difficulty of forming differentshapes27. The word "dampened" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) damaged(B) stretched(C) moistened(D) examined28. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a soil sample with little orno clay in it?(A) It is not very heavy.(B) It may not hold its shape when molded.(C) Its shape is durable(D) Its texture cannot be classified29. The word "they" in line 23 refers to(A) categories(B) sieves(C) larger particles(D) clay particles30. It can be inferred from the passage that thesediment sieve has an advantage over the handtest in determining soil texture because(A) using the sieve takes less time(B) the sieve can measure clay(C) less training is required to use the sieve(D) the sieve allows for a more exactmeasure31. During the procedure described in paragraph3, when clay particles are placed into waterthey(A) stick to the sides of the water container(B) take some time to sink to the bottom(C) separate into different sizes(D) dissolve quickly32. The word "fine" in line 24 is closest inmeaning to(A) tiny(B) many(C) excellent(D) various33. All of the following words are defined in thepassage EXCEPT(A) texture (line 3)(B) ribbon (line 11)(C) sediment sieves (line 19)(D) evaporated (line 27)Questions 34-43A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting informationby use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specializedline communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through(5) choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, bythe rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that areflowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate unsureness orfright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and(10) feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant'stone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack ofconcern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are .usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communicationthat is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or(15) gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception ofothers, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is(20) confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person,for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speakerperceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversationcan drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the(25) speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualitiesof the depressed34. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The function of the voice in performance(B) The connection between voice andpersonality(C) Communication styles(D) The production of speech35. What does the author mean by staring that, "At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen"(lines 9-10)?(A) Feelings are expressed with different wordsthan ideas are.(B) The tone of voice can cany informationbeyond the meaning of words.(C) A high tone of voice reflects an emotionalcommunication.(D) Feelings are more difficult to express thanideas.36. The word "Here" in line 10 refers to(A) interpersonal interactions(B) the tone(C) ideas and feelings(D) words chosen37. The word "derived" in line 15 is closest inmeaning to(A) discussed(B) prepared(C) registered(D) obtained38. Why does the author mention "artistic,political, or pedagogic communication" in line17?(A) As examples of public performance(B) As examples of basic styles ofcommunication(C) To contrast them to singing(D) To introduce the idea of self-image39. According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice, may be an indication of a person's(A) general physical health(B) personality(C) ability to communicate(D) vocal quality40. According to the passage, an overconfidentfront may hide(A) hostility(B) shyness(C) friendliness(D) strength41. The word "drastically" in line 24 is closest inmeaning to(A) frequently(B) exactly(C) severely(D) easily42. The word "evidenced" in line 25 is closest inmeaning to(A) questioned(B) repeated(C) indicated(D) exaggerated43. According to the passage, what does aconstricted and harsh voice indicate?(A) Lethargy(B) Depression(C) Boredom(D) AngerQuestions 44-50As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americanslived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economicline life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling (5) increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turnof the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal (10) schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were (15) sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs shouldsuit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the (20) urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it (25) commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however,overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children (30) "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quiteout-of-date.44. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that oneimportant factor in the increasing importanceof education in the United States was(A) the growing number of schools in frontiercommunities(B) an increase in the number of trainedteachers(C) the expanding economic problems ofschools(D) the increased urbanization of the entirecountry45. The word "means" in line 6 is closest inmeaning to(A) advantages(B) probability(C) method(D) qualifications46. The phrase "coincided with" in line 9 isclosest in meaning to(A) was influenced by(B) happened at the same time as(C) began to grow rapidly(D) ensured the success of47. According to the passage, one importantchange in United States education by the1920's was that(A) most places required children to attendschool(B) the amount of time spent on formaleducation was limited(C) new regulations were imposed onnontraditional education(D) adults and children studied in the sameclasses48. Vacation schools and extracurricular activitiesare mentioned in lines 11-12 to illustrate(A) alternatives to formal educationprovided by public schools(B) the importance of educational changes(C) activities that competed to attract newimmigrants to their programs.(D) the increased impact of public schools onstudents.49. According to the passage, early-twentiethcenturyeducation reformers believed that(A) different groups needed different kinds ofeducation(B) special programs should be set up infrontier communities to modernize them(C) corporations and other organizationsdamaged educational progress(D) more women should be involved ineducation and industry50. The word "it" in line 24 refers to(A) consumption(B) production(C) homemaking(D) education2005．11 1-50答案BCDCD CBABB DAACA DCBCD CADAD BCBBD BADBB ADABB CCDDC BADAC。
出国考试：机考联网 ETS详解2005年新托福试题-出国考试
出国考试：机考联网 ETS详解2005年新托福试题-出国考试机考联网 ETS详解2005年新托福试题2005年9月，美国教育考试服务中心(ETS)将在全球推出新托福考试。
根据近日ETS的解释，新托福考试将采取机考形式通过互联网进行，考试由阅读(Reading)、听力(Listening)、口试(Speaking)、写作(Writing)等四部分组成。
阅读有三篇文章。
与现行托福不同的是，考生不需要在答题之前通读全文，而是在做题的过程中分段阅读文章，每篇文章对应有11道选择题。
除了最后一道试题之外，其他试题都是针对文章的某一部分提问。
最后一题针对整篇文章提问，要求考生从多条选择项中挑选若干项对全文进行总结或归纳。
听力取消了短对话，由两篇较长的校园情景对话和四篇课堂演讲组成，课堂演讲每篇长约5分钟。
在播放录音资料时，电脑屏幕上会显示相应的背景图片。
口试部分共有6题，持续约20分钟。
第一二题要求考生就某一话题阐述自己的观点。
第三四题要求考生首先在45秒内阅读一段短文，随后短文隐去，播放一段与短文有关的对话或课堂演讲。
最后，要求考生根据先前阅读的短文和播放的对话或课堂演讲回答相关问题。
第五、六题要求考生听一段校园情景对话或课堂演讲，然后回答相关问题。
写作要求考生在1小时内完成两篇作文。
其中一篇类似于现行托福的写作，要求考生在30分钟内就某一话题阐述自己的观点，字数要求为300字以上。
另一篇则要求考生首先阅读一篇文章，5分钟以后文章隐去，播放一段与文章有关的课堂演讲。
随后要求考生在20分钟内写一篇作文，总结课堂演讲的论点、论据，并陈述这些论点、论据是如何反驳文章的论点、论据的，字数要求为150字到225字之间。
托福模拟题：2005年托福(TOEFL)考试模拟测试题(2-2)-托福模拟题
托福模拟题：2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）-托福模拟题2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）READING COMPREHENSION-10two things: the inventionof labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-savingmachinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe, said ThomasJefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant: here it is tomake the most of our labor, land being abundant. It was in the United States, therefore,that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came.plow, farmers could havecarried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs; by 1860,most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The mostimportant of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1790 Charles Newboldof New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entirefortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, were not interested in it,claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless, manypeople devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869 JamesOliver of South Bend,Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.1.What is the main topic of the passage?(A) The need for agricultural advances to help feed a growing population(B) The development of safer machines demanded by the labor movement(C) Machinery that contributed to the agricultural revolution(D) New Jersey as a leader in the agricultural revolution2.The word "naturally" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) unsurprisingly(B) gradually(C) apparently(D) safely3. The expression "make the most of" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) get the best yield from(B) raise the price of(C) exaggerate the worth of(D) earn a living on4. Which of the following can be inferred from what Thomas Jefferson said (line 3-5)?(A) Europe was changing more quickly than the United States.(B) Europe had greater need of farm machinery than the United States did.(C) The United States was finally running out of good farmland.(D) There was a shortage of workers on United States farms.5.The word "here" in line 4 refers to(A) Europe(B) United States(C) New Jersey(D) Indiana6. What point is the author making by stating that farmers could carry nearly all their tools ontheir backs.(A) Farmers had few tools before the agricultural revolution.(B) People in the United States were traditionally self-reliant.(C) Life on the farm was extremely difficult.(D) New tools were designed to be portable.7. When was the iron plow invented?(A)In 1790.(B) In the early 1800 s.(C) In 1869.(D) In the early 1900 s.8. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Charles Newbold is true?(A) He was James Oliver s assistant.(B) He was born in Europe.(C) He was opposed to scientific agriculture.(D) He spent his own money to promote his invention.9. The word "it" in line 12 refers to(A) scientific agriculture(B) James Oliver s invention(C) the cast-iron plow(D) Charles Newbold s fortune10. Why did farmers reject Newbold s plow?(A) Their horses were frightened by it.(B) They preferred lighter tools.(C) It was too expensive.(D) They thought it would ruin the land.Questions 1l-20able to withstand the winter.A bird s feathery coat is good insulation against the cold. Because a bird is warm-blooded, its body temperature always remains constant, even if the temperature of itssurroundings changes.difficult to explain. Thisbehavior seems to be instinctive, not learned. For example, many northern species leavetheir summer homes while the weather is still warm and the foodsupply plentiful. Youngarctic terns born at the arctic breeding grounds will lake off with the flock for distantlands they have never seen.egulated by the glandular system. Scientists suspectthat the changing length of the day is the factor that triggers migratory behavior. In anexperiment, migratory birds were kept in artificially lighted rooms. It was found thatif periods of darkness were lengthened proportionately, the glands of the birds becameactive. These glands secrete hormones, which are chemicals that control[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）numerous bodyfunctions. Shorter periods of daylight seem to change the hormone balance of birds, sothat they retain more fat. This stored fat is the fuel that provides the energy for a longflight. The same experiment revealed that the birds became more excited as the artificialnight was lengthened. It is probably no coincidence that most flocks begin their migratoryflights during the night.11. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Common migratory paths for birds(B) Why birds migrate(C) Species of birds that do not migrate(D) Migration in cold climates12. The word "withstand" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) prefer(B) tolerate(C) regulate(D) understand13. According to the passage, which of the following protects birds against cold weather?(A) Glands(B) Hormones(C) Feathers(D) Artificial light14. The word "constant" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) invariable(B) persistent(C) predictable(D) responsive15. The word "its" in line 3 refers to(A) temperature >(B) cold(C) coat(D) bird16. In lines 7-9, the author mentions young arctic terns as an example of birds that(A) do not migrate(B) breed during migration(C) migrate instinctively(D) adapt to the coldl7. The word "they" in line 16 refers to(A) glands(B) birds(C) body functions(D) hormones18. According to the passage, birds exposed to longer periods of darkness experience all of the following changes EXCEPT(A) activated glands(B) excited behavior(C) retention of more fat(D) increased appetite19. In the experiment mentioned in the passage, the scientists adjusted the birds(A) food supply(B) body temperatures(C) exposure to light(D) brain chemistry20. Where in the passage does the author mention the substance that enables birds to fly long distances?(A) Lines 2-4(B) Lines 5-7(C) Lines 10-11(D) Lines 16-17Question 21-30development of statisticalmethods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records ofgovernmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and agentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playingthe odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, isrepresented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering. and the taking ofcensuses --- all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence ofthe father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.describing collections of data.These data may be quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level -variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum - orthe data may representqualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of datamust generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they arecomprehensible. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing orreducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass or data.statistics is a formalized body of methods forproblems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general classof problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample ofobservations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportionof children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have beenvaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendentwould know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportionfor the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as l00children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristicsof a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.21. With what is the passage mainly concerned ?(A) The drawbacks of descriptive and inferential statistics(B) Applications of inferential statistics(C) The development and use of statistics(D) How to use descriptive statistics22. The word "divergent" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) different(B) distributed(C) recorded(D) prominent23. According to th上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）e first paragraph, counting and census-taking arc associated with(A) inferential statistics(B) descriptive statistics(C) unknown variables(D) qualitative changes24. Why does the author mention the "mother" and "father" in thefirst paragraph?(A) To point out that parents can teach their children statistics(B) To introduce inferential statistic(C) To explain that there are different kinds of variables(D) To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way25. The word "squarely" in line 8 could best be replaced by(A) solidly(B) geometrically(C) rectangularly(D) haphazrardly26. Which of the following is NOT given an example of a qualitative variable?(A) Gender(B) Height(C) College major(D) Type of personality27. The word "they" in line 13 refers to(A) variables(B) masses(C) descriptive statistics(D) properties28. Which of the following statements about descriptive statistics is best supported by thepassage?(A) It reduces large amounts of data to a more comprehensible form.(B) It is based on probability.(C) It can be used by people with little knowledge of mathematics.(D) It measures only qualitative differences.29. The word "unwieldy" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) unmanageable(B) unpredictable(C) understandable(D) unreliable30. According to the passage, what is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?(A) To compare different groups(B) To predict characteristics of the entire population(C) To detect differences not observable in the whole population(D) To compile more accurate dataQuestions 31-40an American Indian reservation, and a national forest. Along the North Fork of the Flathead River, the parkalso borders about 17,000 acres of private lands that are currently used for ranching,timber, and agriculture. This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routesfor several endangered species that frequent the park. These private lands are essentiallythe only ones available for development in the region.land-use planningeffort to guide the future of the North Fork. The park is a partner in an interlocalagreement that calls for resource-managing agencies to work together and with the morethan 400 private owners in the area. A draft plan has been prepared, with the objective ofmaintaining traditional economic uses but limiting new development that would damagepark resources. Voluntary action by landowners, in cooperation with the park and thecounty, is helping to restrict small-lot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, andminimize any harmful impact on the environment.protection effort may havebeen stimulated by concerns that Congress would impose a legislative solution.Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the existing character of the area.Meetings between park officials and landowners have led to adramatically improvedunderstanding of all concerns.31. The passage mainly discusses(A) the endangered species in Glacier National Park(B) the protection of lands surrounding Glacier National Park(C) conservation laws imposed by the state of Montana(D) conservation laws imposed by Congress32. Why are the private lands surrounding Glacier National Park so important?(A) They function as a hunting preserve.(B) They are restricted to government use.(C) They are heavily populated.(D) They contain natural habitats of threatened species.33. The word "ones" in line 6 refers to(A) private lands(B) endangered species(C) migratory routes(D) ranching, timber, agriculture34. The word "initiated" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) started(B) requested(C) purchased(D) considered35. The relationship between park officials and neighboring landowners may best bedescribed as(A) indifferent(B) intimate(C) cooperative(D) disappointing36. It can be inferred from the passage that a major interest of the officials of GlacierNational Park is to(A) limit land development around the park(B) establish a new Park in Montana(C) influence national legislation(D) settle border disputes with Canada37. In lines 15-16, the author implies that landowners might be responding to environmentalconcerns for which of the following reasons?上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页2005年托福（TOEFL）考试模拟测试题（2-2）(A) They wish to stimulate economic growth.(B) They wish to improve their public image.(C) They have a tradition of cooperating with the government.(D) They fear federal legislation.38. The word "stimulated" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) motivated(B) anticipated(C) substituted(D) undermined39. The word "retain" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) preserve(B) possess(C) enjoy(D) improve40. Where in the passage does the author mention the purpose of the plan developedby local landowners and park officials?(A) Lines 1-2(B) Lines 4-6(C) Lines 10-14(D) Lines 15-17Question 41-50only slightly from placeto place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basicprocesses that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of waterfrom the ocean by means of evaporation --- conversion of liquid water to water vapor. Inthis manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to theextreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added tothe ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This mayoccur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thussalinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by theaddition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.ocean salinity issomewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as muchevaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhatlower than in other oceanic areas.with the formation andmelting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. Inthis manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than itdid before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease thesalinity of the surrounding water.ll Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as aresult of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavywater sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.4l. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The elements of salt(B) The bodies of water of the world(C) The many forms of ocean life(D) The salinity of ocean water42. The word "this" in line 5 refers to(A) ocean(B) evaporation(C) salinity(D) crystals43. According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in(A) coastal areas(B) tropical areas(C) rainy areas(D) turbulent areas44. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT(A) evaporation(B) precipitation(C) runoff(D) melting45. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body water can best beinferred from the passage?(A) The temperature of the water is the most important factor.(B) The speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.(C) Ocean salinity has little effect on sea life.(D) Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.46. The word "altered" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) determined(B) changed(C) accumulated(D) needed47. The world "it" in line 18 refers to(A) sea ice(B) salinity(C) seawater(D) manner48. Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?(A) To show that this body of water has salinity variations(B) To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters(C) To give an example of increased salinity due to freezing(D) To point out the location of deep waters49. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?(A) The salt remains in the water.(B) The surrounding water sinks.(C) Water salinity decreases.(D) The water becomes denser.50. What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans?(A) It is relatively warm.(B) Its salinity is relatively high.(C) It does not move.(D) It evaporates quickly.上一页[1] [2] [3] [4]上一页[1] [2] [3] [4]。
托福口语真题及答案解析（20051119）
托福口语真题及答案解析（20051119）智课网TOEFL备考资料托福口语真题及答案解析(20051119)摘要：托福口语真题及答案解析(2005.11.19)，改革后的新托福口语虽然难度增加了，但就句型、语法考察点来说，与老托福相比，仍然是换汤不换药。
因此，小编为各位同学汇总整理了一些老托福的真题及答案解析，供同学们参考学习。
如下所述就是2005年11月19日的托福口语真题及标准答案，希望同学们认真浏览，并能有所收获。
T1.Describe a book that you think is the most useful and explain why it is the most useful.The book that I think is the most useful is OG, Official Guide for new TOEFL . I’m a book lover and have lots and lots of collect ions. But OG is of the gr eatest use‘cause I’m taking TOEFL Test, which is a must for a student who is gonna finish his or her overseas study in America. Not only does it give the brief introduction of the test, but it also provides test candidates with practical tips.On the other hand, some basics of English language are offered following the main parts, which isvery helpful for those who don’t have a good command of English.Most of all, it helps me get well prepared for TOEFL iBT and improve my performance on the four skills as well. This definitely leads to the academic success in my future study. That’s why I think OG is the most useful book for me.T2.Does television play a positive or negative role in the modern world?Television is now playing a very important part in our life. Like other things, it has both advantages and disadvantages. But I think the former outweigh the latter.First , television keeps one informed of current events, allows one to follow the latest developmentsin science and politics, and offers programs which are both instructive and entertaining.Second, it is a great comfort to many lonely people even though there are many arguments against television.Last, education has improved a lot since the arrival of TV in the home. Through TV a childcan extend his knowledge and sparkle his imagination. Those above are the reasonswhy I think television plays a positive role in the modern society.T3.Reading:【學校通知】：學校要修建sculpture，有個學生寫了一封公開信反對，認為學校的經費已經很緊張,修建雕像只會加重學生的負擔，並且佔用學校的綠地。
ETS 解析2005年新托福
ETS 解析2005年新托福
2005年9月，酝酿已久的新托福将在中国正式开考。
据美国教育考试服务中心(ETS)亚太区商务开发部总监秦苏珊女士介绍，新托福的内容与形式均有较大改动，其结构和设计来源于大量的统计学和语言学研究，内容将采用真实场景，综合考查听说读写4项英语语言能力。
新托福将首次把口语测试成绩计入总分。
新增的口语测试分为两部分：第一部分是两项关于日常话题的自由表述，要求考生就某一话题自由发表见解；第二部分是四项综合性测试，要求考生在听或读一段材料后，围绕该材料内容展开论述。
虽然增加了该部分测试，传统托福口语考试(TSE)也不会被取消。
写作方面，新托福在原有基础上增加了综合性写作，即在听或读一段材料的基础上进行写作。
以前的独立写作部分保持不变。
秦女士说，虽然新增部分一定程度上增加了考试难度，但能对英语学习产生引导作用，提高考生英语表达能力，“就像吃药，虽然苦，却会让人更健康”。
新托福考试将首次通过互联网进行，采取机考形式，还将改变以往不准在试卷上做标记的做法，允许考生在口语和写作过程中做笔记。
新托福的成绩单也将通过成绩段分析来明确指出考生语言能力的优势和弱势。
据了解，ETS在继去年12月全球最后实地实验后，将在今年4月推出新托福的在线考试说明，6月公布评分信息。
考生在7月可上进行在线模考，并得到考试成绩。
新托福的具体考试费用目前尚未确定，但预计不会有太大变化。
新托福开考后，旧托福成绩仍在两年内有效。
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出国考试：2005年“新托福”样题在ETS官方网站发布-出国考试
2005年“新托福”样题在ETS官方网站发布
昨天，2005“新托福”样题在ETS官方网站正式发布。
与现行托福只有听力、语法和阅读三部分相比，新托福由听力、语法、阅读、口语和写作五大部分组成，且每部分都有不同程度的变化。
业内人士建议，无论托福怎么千变万化，始终是考察学员的英语水平，始终是考听、说、读、写四项能力，考生只需平时多用功，考前多熟悉即可。
2005年以后，新托福成绩将会有利于考生获得奖学金和签证。
新东方学校国外考试培训部北美项目主任王海波透露，由于新托福将于2005年8月开考，新东方国外考试部2005年5月以前仍采取旧托福培训模式，2005年5月开始启动新托福教学体系。
本周日，新东方还将开展专门的新托福变化讲座。
■“新托福”的新变化
◆听力部分每篇文章的内容增多，读完一篇文章的时间平均在4分钟左右，并且选择题中出现了“多选”。
而现行托福中只有单选题。
与现行托福中
考生可以一边听一边看选项的方式不同，新托福考试中考生在听完整篇文章之前是看不到任何问题或选项的。
◆专门的语法测试部分被取消，只是在写作部分通过评分标准来强调语法的重要性，考生会因为语法错误而在写作部分丢分。
◆阅读部分总体难度有所增加，共三篇文章40道题，总费时25分钟。
而现行托福共5篇文章50道题，费时55分钟。
显然新托福对于学生的要求比以前要高出许多。
由于是机考，在每篇文章题目全部做完后，不能再返回修改，只能在未做完一篇文章时进行修改。
◆口语部分是原先TSE(英语口语测试)的增强版，具体变化不大。
◆写作考试在现行托福考试的基础上，增加了“先听后写”和“先读后写”两种形式。