新版人教版八年级上英语3-4单元的知识点

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.

1，比较级，最高级变化规则

一般在词尾+ er或est；以e 结尾的加r或st；重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ er或est；辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i+ er或est；多音节词和部分双音节词，加more或most。

不规则变化见书本P114

2，比较级用法

●基本句型：主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象

●两者相比较用比较级eg：Who do you think is more outgoing，Lily or Lucy？

●Very，more，quite，so，too等修饰原级；much，a little，a lot，a bit，far ，even等修

饰比较级

eg：I’m much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far more outgoing than my sister.

I’m even worse now.

●不能与人或事物自身相比较

eg：He is taller than any other student in his class.

China is larger than any country in Africa.

●比较对象要一致（that代替不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数，所有格，ones）

eg：The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan.

The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two.

My bike is newer than Tom’s.

●比较级中出现of the two/ twins结构时，adj比较级前要+the，不可用than

Eg：Tom is the taller of the two brothers.

●“get/ become+ 比较级+and +比较级”表示“变得越来越……”（多音节或部分双音节

用“more and more+原级）

Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes.

You’re getting more and more beautiful.

●“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”表示“越……，就越……”

Eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be.

●“As…as”中间接原级，表示“与…一样”，否定为“not as/ so…as”表示“不如”

Eg: He is as tall as his father.

He is not as/ so tall as his father.

●“比较级+than”(more/ less +原级+than)与“not as/ so…as”可以互换

Eg: I’m taller than you. Chinese is more important than Biology.

You’re shorter than me.Biology is less important than Chinese

You’re not as/ so tall as me. Biology is not as/ so important as Chinese

●比……大/多/长/宽几倍，用“主语+be+……times+比较级+than+比较对象”

Eg: Our classroom is twice larger than yours.

●重几斤，高几公分，大几岁……，用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”

Eg: I’m six years older than you.

3，loudly大声地，响亮地（多含噪音之意）

aloud大声地，出声地（强调出声）read aloud call aloud for help

loud大声地，高声地，常与speak，shout，laugh，talk连用

响亮的，大声的loud voice

4，fast强调速度快run/ drive fast

quickly强调动作、行动快

soon 强调时间间隔短

5，competition体育，书法，朗读，音乐等比赛

match 体育竞技比赛，球类比赛

race 速度方面的竞赛，赛跑，赛龙舟等

6，win+比赛，奖项

beat+人，团队

7，ago 以前，用于一般过去时，放在一段时间后

before 在……以前，通常用于完成时，放在时间点或事件之前

8，the same as→be different from be similar to =be like

9，be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于

be good for 对…有益（be bad for对…有害）

be good to 对…友好（good 可用friendly，nice，kind替换）

be good with和…相处好=get on/ along well with

10，true/ truly 指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符

real/ really 指人或事客观存在，不是想象的

11，take care of=look after照顾

care for 照料、关心某人，喜欢某人、某物

care about 关心，计较，在乎

12，make sb do sth

make sb/ sth +adj make me happy

make sb +n. We made him monitor.

make sb +过去分词She spoke aloud to make herself heard.

make it 约定时间，做成某事，及时抵达Let’s make it at 10:00.

Don’t worry. He’ll make it.

13，both 位置：行前be 后

both of them/ us=they/ we both

both 作主语，谓语动词用复数

not both为部分否定，全部否定要用either…not或者neither

both…and…=not only…but（also）…否定为：neither…nor

14，be popular with sb受某人欢迎be popular in/ at在某地受欢迎

15，it is +adj+for sb +to do sth （adj修饰to do sth）It is important for me to learn English.

it is +adj+of sb +to do sth （adj修饰sb）It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me. 16，bring out使显现出

17，share sth with sb和某人分享

18，other “其他的，另外的”，后接名词复数，有时other+n复数=others another “又一（个），另一（个）”，泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个，后接名词单数。

the other“（两者中的）另一个”，常与one连用，“one…the other…”表示“一个…，另一个…”

19，heart learn sth by heart用心记lose heart灰心

20，break the law/ rules/ world record违法/违规/打破世界纪录

Break off 打断break aw a y from摆脱，脱离break into破门而入break in插嘴Break down出故障break out爆发break up散火break one’s words食言