英文科技论文的写作方法

2013-9-10 Unit 4 3
Useful expressions
例：We are grateful to X for supporting this work. We wish to thank Mr. A and Mr. B for their assistance in constructing the testrig, and finally Dr C for helping with the provisions of materials. 我们感谢X机构对本工作的支持，感谢A 先生和B先生 在建造检测平台、以及C博 士在材料的准备工作方面所给予的帮助。
2013-9-10 Unit 4 8
5A Strategy
Some background information
Purpose of the study and its scope – Some information about the methodology used in the study The most important results of the study
Unit 4 Elements of Theses and Journal Papers (3)
Section F Acknowledgements Section G Abstract
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Unit 4
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Section F Acknowledgements
• expressions of appreciation for assistance and guidance the recognition of generosity with time and knowledge by advisers and readers is a courtesy that is widely appreciated Permissions that you have obtained for quotations
2013-9-10 Unit 4 10
Participants dictated letters, either in isolated words or in consecutive word speech. They did this with simulations of listening typewriters that recognized either a limited vocabulary or an unlimited vocabulary. Results indicated that some versions, even upon first using them, were at least as good as traditional methods of handwriting and dictating. Isolated word speech with large vocabularies may provide the basis for a useful listening typewriter.
2013-9-10 Unit 4 4
Section G
Abstract
The functions of an abstract: 1. Serve primarily as a screening device to give readers an idea of what the article as a whole is about; 2. Use as stand-alone texts. After reading an abstract, a researcher may decide that the subject matter is not important enough to merit reading the article as a whole but is important enough to keep in mind for some possible future use.
Unit 4 2
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2013-9-10
Location:
1. in most cases, the section is the last section of the body of a paper; 2. in rare cases, some of the acknowledgments are put as footnotes to the title or to an author’s name; 3. in a thesis or dissertation for degrees, the section is usually placed prior to the body of the paper on a separate page.
2013-9-10 Unit 4 12
The structure of the abstract
Sentence 1: background Sentence 2: main topic Sentences 3,4,5: specific investigations Sentence 6: result & suggestion Sentence 7: conclusion & contribution
2013-9-10 Unit 4 5
3. Provide a helpful preview. This “frames” the article and prepares the reader for the main points to come. 4. Facilitate indexing. Indexers at all levels, from small in house libraries to major institutions like the National Library of Medicine, often depend on author-generated abstracts to help identify key words and phrases for cross indexing.
A statement of discussion or recommendation
2013-9-10 Unit 4 9
Abstract
Composing Letters with a Simulated Listening Typewriter
With a listening typewriter, what an author says would be automatically recognized and displayed in front of him or her. However, speech recognition is not yet advanced enough to provide people with a reliable listening typewriter. An aim of our experiments was to determine if an imperfect listening typewriter would be useful for composing letters.
2013-9-10
Unit 4
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(1) Modern management is essentially about managing people as well as processes in a rapidly changing environment. (2) The author presents the factors which make “strategic management” effective. (3) A dominant factor is the organization climate which,in turn, is determined by the quality of the managers and the availability of alternatives. (4) To improve the organization climate in which strategic management can be effective, the quality
2013-9-10 Unit 4 11
Translate the following paragraph into English
从本质上说现代管理指的是在这日新月异的环境中如 何管理(生产)过程和从事(生产)的人们。作者列举了影 响策略管理(strategic management) 有效性的几种因 素。其中起主导作用的因素是组织氛围(organization climate)，而这种组织氛围是由经理的素质以及更换经 理的可能性所决定的。为了改善影响策略管理有效性 的组织氛围，经理的素质是关键的因素。提供更换经 理的可能性大小也是很重要的制约(constraint)因素。 作者建议评价管理效果应该包括使用专家顾问的情况 以及正常管理程序所起的作用。本文最后指出对这些 主要因素作出正确判断和充分发挥它们的作用将有利 于在总体上提高策略管理的有效性。
2013-9-10 Unit 4 6
Informative Abstract & Descriptive Abstract The purpose of an informative abstract: to provide a summary of the research paper. The purpose of a descriptive abstract: to describe only the general contents of the article rather than specific findings.
2013-9-10
Unit 4来自百度文库
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The content of an informative abstract
There are five questions for you to answer if you write an abstract in 200 words.: 1. What is the general knowledge of your topic in the academic field? 2. What research topic is the paper to focus on? 3. What method or material do you use to support your main point of view? 4. What conclusion will you draw? 5. What is the main contribution of the paper?
2013-9-10 Unit 4 14
of the managers is a crucial factor. (5) The scope for alternatives also proves an important constraint, (6) The author suggests that the assessment of effects for management should include the use of consultants and the role of formal procedure. (7) It is concluded that the correct judgment and optimal operation of the essential factors will enhance the effectiveness of strategic management in general.