大学英语四级单1
大学英语四级真题及参考答案(第一套)
大学英语四级真题解析及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes towrite a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【参考范文】On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success.The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers’ feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying “what a wonderful practice and I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me lear n to care more for others in need.”All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students involved.【参考范文译文】6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。
2022年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(第一套)
2022年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(第一套)一、四级作文部分：WritingDirections: Suppose you are writing a proposal to your school library about improving it' s services, you are writing about its current problems and solutions.Dear Sir or Madam,I hope you are doing great! I am Li Ming, one of the sophomore students in our university. Following my recent experience of using our school library, I have decided to send you some feed-back. In the first place, the librarians there are not very friend-ly and helpful as they often fail to tell us where to find the book we want, and moreover get impatient easily. What’s more, the books available in the library are too old to catch up with the latest development of related disciplines. Finally, the reading rooms are not bright enough as some of the lights have gone dark. All these have brought great inconvenience to us students, which leaves me with no choice but to write you this letter.From my perspective, it would be wise for you to offer all the librarians a training course to familiarize them with the layout of the library and the classifications of the books. If possible, I sincerely hope that you consider the possibility of renewing some of the books and maintaining the facilities properly.Thank you for your time and consideration. Look forward to your favorable reply.Warm regards,Li Ming二、四级听力部分：四级听力原文：Section ANews Report 1原文：[1] A new study finds that beverages containing add ed sugar might be harmfuL In the study, researchers a nalyzed information from over eighty thousand wome n and thirty seven thousand men. Participants worked in the health profession. They were followed for appro ximately three decades. They completed surveys abou t their diet every four years. They also answered to qu estions about sleep and exercise and health every two years.[1-2] The more beverages contsininq added sug ar that peoole drink, the greater their risk of death wa s during the study period. These beverages included s oda, energy drinks, and sports drinks. Beverages like p ure fruit juice, which are sweet but do not contain add ed sugar were not part of the study. The findings held even afterthe researchers considered other factors th at could affect people's health. These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables. Th ey also included consuming too much meat. The scien tists say that their results support limiting beverages with added sugar. [2] They argse we should replace t hem with other drinks, with water being the best choi ce. However, the researchers admit this is simply their recommendation. The study found only an associatio n. It did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause d early death.Q1. What do we learn about the new study from the n ews report?答案：Q2. What is the scientists' recommendation?答案：News Report 2原文：German police appealed Friday for information about the possible owners of two 17th-century oil paintings. [3] Pol ice said a 64-year-old man found the paintings in a garb age pile at a highwav rest stop las§ryonth, He later hand ed them in to the Cologne police. [4]_An initial assessme nt by an art expert concluded the two framed paintings were originals, police said. One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist Pietro Belloti, elating to 1665. The other i s a paintingof a boy by the 17th-century Dutch artist Sa muel van Floogstraten, date unknown. Tneir combined w qrth is estimated to be around one million euros. Authori ties have not yet confirmed what will happen if the rightf ul owner is not found. Nevertheless, it is speculated that they could either be handed over to the National Art Mus eum of Cologne or sold to the public by the local govern merit.Q3. What did German police say about a 64-year-old man?答案：Q4. What is the art expert's conclusion about the two framed paintings?答案：News Report 3原文：[5] A four-year-old girl has walked eight kilometres thr ouqh a snowy forest to seek help for her sick qrandmo ther who later died of a heart attack. The young girl br aved the threats of bears, wolves and temperatures fa r below freezing. She made the journey through a rem ote region in Siberia after waking up to find her grand mother motionless. Named locally as Carla, she lives a lone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grand father. [6】As a result the girl's mother is facing a cri minal case. She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger, in the care of the elderly. She also faces inves tigation from childcare services, who will also beaskin g why Cola was left alone with her vulnerable relative 金The journey took place in February, when temperat ures average -26°C, Russian reports on social media s uggest the forest may have been as cold as -34°C. Th e journey was only recently confirmed by authorities.[7 But though she was suffering from the effects of e xtreme cold, the child reportedly suffered no life-threa tening effects. Last year, a three-year-old boy survive d alone for three days in a remote forest in the same region.Q5. What did a four-year old girl attempt to do?答案：Q6. What do we learn from the news report about the girFs mother?答案：Q7. What happened to the little girl according the news report?M:Hi,Jennifer. I am really struggling with this se nester's workload.Do you have any advice?W:[12] Have you considered making a studyguid ? It's a tool you can make yourself to take the stre S out of studying:I've been using one since the sta t of last semester, and it has really helped relieve A lot of study pressure.M:Sounds like just what I need.[13]My mainprob em is that my study folder is full of notes and wor sheets,and is badly disorganized.Idon't know w lere tO start.W: OK, well,the main thing is to have everything i the right place. Whatever you're reviewing, it's i nportant that it's arranged for your particular nee ils of that subject, and in the most user-friendly wa r you can. What kind of learner are you?M: Um. I'm not sure.W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictu es, colors,and maps to organize information. Logi al learners have a linear mind and would ratherand systems. [14] I'm an emotional learner, which means I need to connect to inf rmation emotionally to understand it.M:Oh, Im very much dependent on vision as a wa of taking in information.W:Well, 15]Isuggest reorganizing_your notes usi 1lg color-coded sections in your study guides, or usi 1g idea mapping to lay out the information and m ke it more quickly accessible.M:So you thinkIshould arrange my notes using c lor and pictures in place of text.W: Yes.You'll probably start to grasp information a ot quicker that way.As an emotional learner, I org inize my notes into a story that I can connect to an recite to myself.M: That's amazing. I didn't know there were so many different ways to learn.Q12. What does the woman advise the man do?答案∶Q13.What is the biggest problem the man has with his s tudies?答案∶Section CPassage 1原文：Q16：答案：Q17:答案：Q18.答案：Passage 2原文：[19] Today many large corporations stress the importanc e of diversity on their websites, but current statistics sho w that the topical manager in America still tends to be w hite and male. Obviously, the desire to bring about diver sity hasnot translated into corporate reality. Why is thi s? [20] A team of「esearchers from the university of Basi I published their new sfudy about people's atiTEiides tow ards diversity at work. [21J They found that people have a wide range of opinions ccncerrirg diversity On the on e hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribut e a variety ot perspectives, encourage new ideas, and ge nerate innovative solutions. On the other hand, they assu me that it might be difficult to work with someone who h as completely different views, speaks a different languag e or has a different style of work. The actual value they a ttribute to diversity depends on the decision-making per spective. Doubts about the practicability of diversity nav e a greater weight. If a person is directly affected, in oth er words, when a persons own work group is involved, t hey tend to prefer team members who are similar to the mselves. But when people make decisions for others, the y typically put together a more diverse team. These findi ngs could help organizations become more diverse. Com panies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and te am decisions. These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly in volved in the group s daily work should also take part.Q19. What do we learn from the current statistics about diversity in large corporations?答案：Q20. What is the newly published study focused on?答案：Q21. What do the findings of the new study show?答案:四级听力答案：1.A.It ran for as long as some thirty years.2.D.Drinking water instead of beverages with added sugar.3.B.He found two 17th-century oil paintings.4.A.They are originals.5.D.Save her sick grandmother.6.C.She has to face a criminal charge7.A.She suffered from the effects of severe cold.8.B.She comes from the city of Cape Town.9.A.It has a flat surface at the top.10. C.She has British ancestors.11.D.It is more popular than football.12. C.Prepare a study guide.13.B.His study folder is badly disorganized.14. D.An emotional learner.15. C.Arrange them using color and pictures.16.B.It is a moral principle to guide people's behavior.17.A.It may sometimes produce undesirable outcomes.18.A.The golden rule must sometimes give way to more im-portant principles.19.C.They have not seen as much diversity as desired.20.B.People's attitudes towards diversity at the workplace.21.D.People prefer to work with team members similar to themselves.22.D.Changing one's form of communication from time to time.23.A.They are regarded as seriously binding.24.D.It places a high value on written contracts.25. C. Its terms may not be strictly binding.三、四级阅读部分：1.选词填空26 C chew27.G dental28. F defense29. O underneath30. E continue31.A adult32. L replace33.D contains34. N triggered35.B associated2.段落匹配36.G Clues about the culture ofa company can be found on its website.37.D It can be difficult to know the real situation in a company until you become part of it38.M It is impossible for a job applicant to have every expectation met.39.A Simply by reading its descriptionthe author found the job offered ideal.40.F Job applicants are advised to make a written list of their likes and dislikes in their previous employment.41.K F At the end of an interview,a job applicant should seize the opportunity to get answers to their urgent questions. 42.E To begin with, job applicants should be clear what they expect from their future employer43.I Job applicants should read with a critical eye what is written about a company on the website.44.C Job satisfaction has a lot to do with company culture. 45.J A chat with an insider of a company can give job applicants very useful information when they prepare for an interview3.仔细阅读46-50B) They are unmotivated to learn.A) They are made convenient to mark.D) They provide lttle chance for students to build relationships with each otherC) Some students may have difficulty attending them.D) Cultivation ofanalytical thinking abilityot51-55A) Help the public to better understand science.B) It might breed public distrust in modern medicine.C) Debates about science are accessible to the public anywayB) Embrace it with open arms.C) It is a dynamic and self-improving process.四、四级翻译部分：从前有个农夫嫌他种的禾苗长得慢，就到地里把禾苗一株株地拔高了一点。
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)及参考答案完整版 (1)
Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre..Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, Califomia, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages-including low- and no-calorie choices”, said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the America n Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it. “An industry backed anti- tax campaign has spent at least S4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a “grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of t he profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places”, said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. “It's not just Berkeley anymore.”Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumersB) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communitiesD) It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?A) Bargain with the city council.B) Refuse to pay additional tax.C) Take legal action against itD) Try to win public support.48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposalA) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumersB) It tried to win grocers support against the measureC) It kept sending letters of protest to the mediaD) It criticized the measure through advertising49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D) Benefit low-income people across the country50.What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A)They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C)They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industryPassage TwoPopping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status" items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decadeA study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of co2-the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change-at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on th e environment," say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour . For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking,microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.51.What is the finding of the new study?A)Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environmentD）The use of microwaves emits more CO than people think .52.Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise？A)They are becoming more affordable.B)They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances .C) They are getting much easier to operate.D) They take less time to cook than other appliances.53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?A) Cooking food of different varieties.B) Improving microwave user’s habits.C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less oftenC) The UK produces less CO than many other countries in the EUD) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection.D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking【参考答案】46-50 D C A D C51-55 C B B A DPart Ⅳ Translation( 30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。
2022年9月大学英语四级考试第一套真题及答案
一、听力部分：NEWS1White meat such as chicken may raise blood cholesterol levels as much as red meat does. This finding surprised researchers who admitted they didn't expect that eating white meat would lead to higher blood cholesterol levels. In the study, researchers looked at 113 healthy people. The participant in three different diets. These were a red meat diet which is primarily beef, a white meat diet which is mostly chicken [inaudible] and a vegetarian protein diet. Each diet period was four weeks. Between the diet periods,participants had a break during which they ate their regular foods. In addition, participants had blood tests at the start and finish of each new diet. The results showed that white and red meat diets had the same effects on blood cholesterol levels. Further, both diets increased blood cholesterol levels compared to the diet built on vegetarian protein sources. The team acknowledged that it is possible that white meat is better for our health than red meat, despite their findings. This is because other effects of red meat consumption [inaudible] contribute to heart disease, independent of cholesterol. Their main recommendations are that people eat less of both kinds of meat. And more vegetarian protein.QI: What do we learn from the news report about the study?Q2: What did the researchers acknowledge?二、阅读部分：选词填空：26.While 92% of people believe others care most about fame and E)fortune27.This is according to the newly M)released28.Smith says he was D) bothered by how past studies on success29. In this study, his team 'went the I)opposite direction"30. As a scientist,Smith H) literally studied individuality fora living31.he was surprised to find younger respondents cared more about having a K) purpose in life32.when values focused more on stable incomes than fifulfitling personal missions33. Being a parent L) ranked very high across the priorities of all study participants34.Smith hopes institutions will take note of these insights B)accordingly35.to better A) accommodate people in the U.S段落匹配答案36.C Fraudsters often steal villa-booking information from authentic holiday websites.37.H Fraudsters keep changing their bank accounts to avoid being tracked38.E It is suggested that people not going on the holiday might help detect website frauds39.A More and more British holidaymakers find the seaside yillas they booked online actually nonexistent.40.K By checking an agent's name online beforerbooking a villa holiday makers can avoid falling into traps.41.F Fraudsters are difficult to identify,according to an online safety expert.42.G Holidaymakers have been alerted to the frequent"occurrence of online villa-booking frauds.43. I It is holidaymakers that can protect themselves from falling victim to frauds.44.E Holidaymakers are advised not to make payments by bank transfer.45.D Fraudsters advertise their villas at reasonable prices so as not to be suspected.仔细阅读：46.What do we learn from the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics?A)Over half of the students interviewed were unaware they were cheating.B)Cheating was becoming a way of life fora majority of high school teens.C)More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guilt over cheating.D)Cheating was getting more and more difficult for high school students.47.What did the Common Sense Media survey reveal?A) Most parents tended to overprotect their children.B)Many students committed cheating unknowingly.C) Students were in urgent need of ethical education.D)Parents and kids had conflicting ideas over cheating.48. Why do students rarely get caught; T cheating nowadays?A) They copy formutas on their palms.B)They help each other to cover up their acts.C)They keep changing their ways of cheating.D) They make use of modern technology.49.What does the author think schools should do to tackle cheating?A) Bring policies against cheating up to date.B)Reform their exam methods constantly.C) Take advantage of the latest technologies.D) Alert parents to their children's behaviour.50.What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom?A) Prevent students from overusing electronic devices.B) Develop more effective anti-cheating strategies.C) Find more ways to curb students'unethical acts.D) Guard against students' misuse of technology.三、翻译部分：太极拳Taijiquan, an important branch of Chinese martial arts, has roots in ancient China. The original purpose of practicing Taijiquan was self-defence, but now it is regarded as an effective way to improve physical health. A large number of studies have revealed the fact that this kind of exercise serves as a tool to maintain strength, flexibility and balance, and mitigate stress and anxiety. It is easy and pleasant to do Taijiquan. Through gentle and smooth movements, it can calm you down and refresh your mind. Nowadays, Taijiquan has spread around the world, and the majority of bodybuilders are devoted to it.四：作文部分：偏远地区支教Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing this letter to app for this chance as a volunteer in the remote area teaching program. Due to rapid economic development，the gap between remote areas and cities has gradually widened, especially in education. Abundant educational materials and qualified teachers are in short supply in rural areas.Such situation-may be attributed to poverty which is caused by inconvenient transportation. Talents in these areas usually flow outward after graduation from college. Adults go out to work and have no time to take care of the education of left-behind children. Thus, our volunteer teaching program is in urgent need.I sincerely apply for this post as a voluntary teacher in this program. As an English major, I can teach them to read English books, sing English songs, and understand the outside world. At the same time, I can also take them to dance to exercise.I will appreciate it very much if you take me into consideration for this post.Yours sincerely,Li Hua。
大学英语英语四级(包含答案) (1)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. We preferred ______ the meeting rather than ______ it without adequate preparation.A. canceling, holdingB. to cancel, to holdC. canceling, holdD. to cancel, hold2. _____, many people still vote against the use of penalty.A. However some crimes are inexcusableB. However are some crimes inexcusableC. However inexcusable some crimes areD. Some crimes are however inexcusable3. weather ______, we’ll go for an outing.A. being permittedB. permittedC. permittingD. permits4. He regrets _____ my advice.A. not having takenB. not takeC. to have not takenD. not to take5. He hates you _____ him early in the morning.A. phoneB. phoningC. to have phonedD. having phoned6. Ms Simms is very sensitive ______ criticism.A. ofB. inC. toD. on7. It is an exception ________ the rules.A. ofB. inC. againstD. to8. She solved the problem _________a stroke.A. onB. ofC. atD. through9. Death always taken us _________ surprise, even though we know it is inevitable.A. inB. out ofC. byD. through10. The lady insists on her constitutional right _______ a passport in her maiden name.A. onB. toC. intoD. that11. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _______ the behavior of a animal depends mainly on instinct.A. whereasB. soC. unlessD. that12. Wood furniture does not depreciate in value _______ properly handled and protecteD.A. ifB. hasC. andD. that13. Although much is done to supply enough for everyone, ______ of food will long be a world problem.A. lackB. shortageC. absenceD. decline14. Archaeologists ______ the walls of the old city at a depth of severalmetres below the surface.A. determinedB. locatedC. provedD. defined15. A large ___ of money is spent on import every year.A. accountB. amountC. numberD. quality16. Whether we are feeling happy or sad, ____ our emotions will make us feel more relaxeD.A. shareB. sharedC. sharingD. to sharing17. _____ that the whole roof was blown off.A. So terrible the storm may beB. So terribly the storm may beC. So terrible was the stormD. So terribly was the storm18. ---Let’s go for a walk.---Yes, today’s weather isn’t as cold as it was yesterday, ____?A. wasn’t itB. was itC. isn’t itD. is it19. --- How much is the desk?---it__ninety-nine pounds.( )A. costsB. Pays toC. spendsD. Takes is20. I am afraid I won't be able to keep in touch__him.( )A. To goB. For ifC. withD. By too二、单词拼写（共计15分）1.Mr. Li moved to the seashore in his f______(四十来岁).2.H______(听到) the good news, we all jumped with joy.3.I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more c_______(舒服).4.W_______(星期三) is the fourth day of a week.5.Walking every day keep me f_____(健康) than before.三、阅读理解：(共30分)As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed tostress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangereD.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.A.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesB.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthC.they are travelling fast all the timeD.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.A.not fearing stressB.knowing the art of relaxationC.high sense of responsibilityD.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?A.We can find some ways to avoid stressB.Stress is always harmful to peopleC.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.D.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.A."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"B."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"C."responding to crises quickly"D."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the ,"do so " refers to ______.A."expose ourselves to stress"B."find ways to deal with stress"C."remove stress from our lives"D."established links between diseases and stress"四、书面表达：请起草一份通知，用一段话说明以下要点：参观日期： 3月25日，星期天时间：早上8点钟出发。
大学英语四级真题及参考答案(第一套)
大学英语四级真题解析及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【参考范文】On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success.The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers’ feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying “what a wonderful practice and I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need.”All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students involved.【参考范文译文】6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。
2021年12月全国大学英语四级真题及答案(第一套)
2021年12月全国大学英语四级真题及答案（一）一、听力部分：News Report One(1)A 22-year-old Chinese woman who suffered from a persistent cough was shocked to learn that she had a piece of chicken bone lodged in her lung.The unnamed woman from the province of Shandong started have coughing problems when she was 7 or 8 years old.For 14 years,she made numerous hospital visits.However,no doctor could identify any problem.Her uncontrollable coughing was a mystery.Finally,the woman got a full body scan at a hospital in the city of Qingdao.This special medical procedure revealed she had a chicken bone stuck in herlung.(2)Doctors performed surgery and removed the bone.The simple procedure went smoothly and the woman has recovered fully with the bone finally removed from her lung,the woman is very happy that she no longer suffers from that annoying cough.1.What was the woman’s problem?2.How was the woman’s problem eventually solved?News Report Two(3)A white shape named Prickles that ran away from an Australian farm during the 2013 bush fires recently returned home.According to farmer Alice Gray,Prickles was only a lamb when she ran away.The bush fires that hit the area back then destroyed a large part of her family’s massive property.They thought Prickles had died in the fire.But instead,the young sheep escaped into a 200-acre forest near the farm.(4)Once the fires were over,the family had to fix the damage done to the farm as it was such a large property,which included rebuilding about 40 kilometers of fencing.It was this huge fencing that prevented Pickles from finding her way back.Over the years,the family spotted her a few times.They even recorded her with cameras installed to monitor the activity.But when they knew Pringles was alive,they couldn’t find her and never expected her to return by herself.Seven years later,they were proven wrong.3.What does the news say about the white sheep Prickles?4.What the family do of the bush fires?News Report Three(5)Tons of gold have fallen out of the sky in Russia after a cargo plane malfunctioned in midair this morning.The aircraft was carrying 265 million pounds worth of gold and diamonds,when the door flew open,sending the precious metal back to earth.According to the official news agency,Russian authorities have recovered more than 170 gold bars weighing 20 kilograms each.The plane was traveling from Yakutsk airport in a major diamond producing region to the city Krasnoyarsk in Siberia.(6)However,the aircraft made an emergency landing in Magan after began losing some of its valuable cargo.Reports suggest some bars of gold were scattered up to fifteen miles away from the airport.Nine tons of gold on plane AN12 belonged to a gold mine company.Police have sealed off the runway and say it is unclear if it was an accident or an attempted robbery.(7)Technical engineers who worked on the plane prior to takeoff are reportedly going to be questioned by the police.5.What is the news report mainly about?6.What did the aircraft do when the incident happened?7.What does the news report say about the technical engineers who worked on the plane before takeoff?Conversation One8.Why does the man have this conversation with the man recorded?His job is related to the customer service.9.What is the woman’s purpose of calling to the furniture company?She wants to know when she can get her money back.10.What does the woman say about her bank card?The new bank card will be sent to her on Tuesday,and the bank may has canceled the old one before the man made the payment.11.What does the man advise the woman to do?She needs to update the card details directly on the website.Conversation Two12.Why isn’t the man going to cook?He’s worn out.13.What does the man say he’ll do on his phone?He’ll use the food delivery app on his phone.14.What does the woman think of the Indian food?That’s not the kind of the hot she means.She needs something mild.15.What does the man think of the woman?She’s really difficult to please.Passage One(16)A new study carried out by the university of Lincoln has found a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behavior and wellbeing of their cats.The findings suggest that just as apparent personality can affect the personality of a child,the same is true for a cat and its owner.Owners defined as individuals with high levels of anxiety,fear,anger,depression and loneliness were more likely to have cats with behavioral issues.Such cats display more aggressive and anxious behavioral styles as well as more stress related sickness.They will also more likely to have an ongoing medical condition and be overweight.The research also found that mentallywell-adjusted owners had come from happier and healthier cats.Researchers explained that many owners regard their pets as a family member and form close social bonds with them.(17)The majority of owners want to provide the best care for their pets and is therefore possible that pets could be affected by the way their owners interact with and manage them.The study highlights an important relationship between our personalities and the well-being of our pets.(18)Further research is needed to investigate the cause of nature of this relationship and look at how owners’personalities are directly influencing their pet’s behavior and well-being.It is possible that the well-being of pets is driven by the underlying nature of the owner not simply by their conscious decisions and behaviors.16.What do we learn from the new study by the University of Lincoln?17.What does the passage say most pet owners want to do?18.What does the passage say i t’s still needed to understand the effects of owners’personalities on their pets?Passage Two(19)One 50-minute run can add seven hours to your life.This was a claim made by The Times last week.The claim was based on a new review of studies about the effects of running.The review concluded that an average runners live three years longer than non-runners and that running does more to extend life than any other form of exercise.But there’s more to running than its health benefits.(20)Research published in recent years have shown that running changes your brain and mind in some fascinating ways from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions.However,the precise effects vary according to whether you engage in short fast running or long distance r unning.For example,in one study,researchers compared participants’ability to learn new words after several minutes of intense running,and after 40 minutes of gentle running,participants were able to learn 20 percent faster after the intense running and they showed a superior memory when tested again a week later.In another study,researchers asked volunteers to jog for 30 minutes and then showed them clips from a sad movie.Participants who usually struggled to handle negative emotions were more intensely aff ected by the sad clips just as you’d expect.But crucially,this was less so if they had completed the 30 minutes jog.(21)The researchers said moderate exercise appears to have helped those participants to be less vulnerable to the impact of the sad movie.19.What did the new review of studies claim?20.What is one effect that running has on people according to recent research?21.What did another study find about the participant after they had a 30 minutes jog?Passage ThreeWelcome to the tour of the Hill House.This house built in 1904 is one of the most well-known works of Charles Hill,the famous architect.It was designed and built for local entrepreneur and his family.Before starting the tour,let me give you a brief introduction about the design of thisa mazing building.(23)Prior to beginning his design,the architect spends sometime in the client’s old home,observing their life and studying their habits.This meant that he could design the house according to the needs of the family.(24)The client’s main des ire was to have a home with unique design,so the architect was given complete freedom.The building style is radically different from what was the fashion of the period.At the time,most large homes were constructed of timber and brick.This one,however,is made of concrete,a novel construction material in those days.The interior of the house,including the fittings and furniture,was also designed by the sameperson.Most of the furniture you will see is original and in good condition.However,(25)both pieces in t he children’s bedrooms are copies built to the designs of the architect.Fortunately,all the blueprints for both the building and its contents have been preserved,so we’ve been able to replace badly damaged furniture.Let’s begin our tour,starting from the r ooms.22.What do we learn about the speaker?He is the guide of the tour.23.What dis the architect do before beginning his design?24.What did the architect’s client mainly want?25.What do we learn about the pieces of furniture in the children’s bedrooms?1.D)He did an unusual good deed2.C)Give some money to the waiter3.A)Whether or not to move to the state's mainland4.B)It costs too much money5.A)To investigate whether people are grateful for help6.C)They held doors open for people at various places7.B)Most people express gratitude for help8.C)To enquire about solar panel installation9.D)He has a large family.10.B)The cost of a solar panel installation11.D)About five years12.A)At a travel agency13.D)She wanted to spend more time her family.14 D)Two weeks.15.A)Choosing some activities herself16.D)Pay a green tax upon arrival17.A)It has not been doing a good job in recycling.18.B)To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali land.19.D)Its population is now showing signs of increase20.C)Commercial hunting21.D)To seek breeding grounds22.C)They consume less milk these days23.A)It is not as healthy as once thought24.C)They lack the necessary proteins to digest it25.B)It provides some necessary nutrients二、选词填空部分：When my son completes a task,I can't hlep but praise him.26.B.constant27.G.negative28.K.repeatedly29.L.rewarded30.C disappointing31.H.outcome32.1.pattern33.D.distinguish34.N.simply35.0.undertaken三、信息匹配部分：The History of the Lunch Box36.[F]City kids,on the other hand,went home for lunch and came back.37.[j]The company sold 600,000 units the first year.38.[〇]The introduction of backpacks changed the lunch box scene a bit^he adds.39.[C]Lunch boxes have been connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows and super-heroes for decades.40.[H]And then everything changed in the year of 1950.41.[L]The new trend was also a great example of planned obsolescence,that is,to design a product so that it will soon become unfashionable or impossible to use and will need replacing.42.[D]Let's start back at the beginning of the 20th century-the beginning of the lunch box story,really.43.[A]It was made of shiny,bright pink plastic with a Little Mermaid sticker on the front,and I carried it with me nearly every single day.44.[M]The metal lunch box craze Lasted until the mid-1980s,when plastic took over.45.<I>But these containers were really sting years on end.四、仔细阅读部分：P146 A When they don*t have the chance to do what they want47 D Harmful conduct48 B Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom49 C It may promote creative thinking.50 D Allow oneself some time to be bored.P251.B Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.52.C Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.53.A The government’s advocacy54.C Their capability of improving air quality55.D Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions五、作文部分：WritingDirections：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Transportation.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文：Changes in the way of transportationAs the internet is developing so rapidly,the way of transportation keeps changing surprisingly.New applications on transportation emerge abundantly,contributing to the fact that people*s lifestyle has been changed as well.The changes in the way of transportation can be listed as follows.First of all,with the development of technology,the price of transportation is much cheaper than before.Moreover,compared with traditional ways of buying tickets,transportation applications and websites give passengers the opportunity to book tickets online without going outside to particular ticketoffices.Besides,highspeed railways gradually replace the oldfashioned green trains,which can tremendously improve travelers’comfort during the journey and shorten the time spent on the way. From my perspective,the changes in the way of transportation mainly lie in the good respects.As one of the fortunate passengers who live in the age of internet and can get access to online service of transportation,I can*t help exclaiming:it is the best of times.六、翻译部分：春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。
2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第一套)
2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第一套)题目一阅读下面短文，然后根据短文的内容回答问题。
The Benefits of Outdoor ExerciseOutdoor exercise has gained popularity in recent years due to its many benefits. Studies have shown that exercising outdoors not only improves physical health, but also enhances mental well-being.Firstly, outdoor exercise offers a wider variety of fitness options compared to indoor workouts. People can choose from activities such as running, cycling, hiking, and swimming. These activities offer the opportunity to explore new places and enjoy different landscapes. Outdoor exercises also provide a change of scenery from the usual gym setting, making the workout experience more enjoyable and refreshing.Secondly, exercising outdoors can have a positive impact on mental health. Nature has a calming effect on the mind and can reduce stress and anxiety. Research has shown that spending time in nature can boost mood and improve self-esteem. In addition, exposure to natural sunlight can increase the production of vitamin D in the body, which helps regulate mood and reduce the risk of depression.Furthermore, outdoor exercise encourages social interaction and connection. People who exercise outdoorsoften join group activities or sports leagues, which allows them to meet new people and form friendships. Participating in outdoor workouts also provides an opportunity for families and friends to spend quality time together, strengthening their relationships.In conclusion, outdoor exercise offers numerous benefits for both physical and mental health. From a wider variety of fitness options to improved mood and social interaction, there are many reasons to embrace outdoor workouts. So, next time you have the option, choose to exercise in the great outdoors and reap the rewards.Questions:1.What are the benefits of outdoor exercise?2.How does outdoor exercise affect mental health?3.How can outdoor exercise facilitate socialinteraction?Answers:1.Outdoor exercise offers a wider variety of fitnessoptions, provides a change of scenery, and makes theworkout experience more enjoyable.2.Outdoor exercise has a positive impact on mentalhealth by reducing stress and anxiety, boosting mood, and improving self-esteem.3.Outdoor exercise encourages social interaction byjoining group activities or sports leagues and provides an opportunity for families and friends to spend quality time together.题目二阅读下面短文，然后根据短文的内容回答问题。
2023年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案(第一套)
Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for theirother halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick e某-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increa sed health costs.”B) They are more likely to get divorced. C) They are less likely to receive good care. D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They e某pect society to do more of the job. 50. What does Karraker think is also important? A) Reducing marital stress on wives. B) Stabilizing old couples’s relations. C) Providing e某tra care for divorced women. D) Making men pay for their wives’ health costs. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong” nam e is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not e某amine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.” The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.the surveys found that people mi某ed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries. In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mi某 up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51.How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A)Unwanted. B)Unhappy. C)Confused. D)Indifferent.52.What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A)It is related to the way our memories work. B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory. C)It occurs mostly between kidsand their friends. D)It often causes misunderstandings among people. 53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming? A)Similar personality traits. B) Similar spellings of names. C) Similar physical appearance. D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming? A) It more often than not hurts relationships. B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries. C) It is most frequently found in e某tended families. D) It most often occurs within a relationship groups.Part Ⅳ Translatio n (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。
大学英语四级单词1
大学英语四级词汇表abandon vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃 ability n.能力；能耐，本领 abnormal a.不正常的；变态的 aboard calculate vt.计算；估计；计划 calculator n.计算器，计算者 calendar n.日历，历书；历法 came dorm n.宿舍 dormitory n.集体寝室；宿舍 dose n.剂量，用量；一剂 dot n.点，圆点 vt.打点于 do lodge vi.暂住，借宿，投宿 log n.原木，木料 logic n.逻辑，推理；逻辑性 logical a.逻辑的；符plough n.犁 vt.&vi.犁，耕 pluck vt.采，摘；拉下 n.拉 plug n.塞子；插头 vt.塞 plunge vt.使投repeatedly ad.重复地；一再 repent vi.悔悟，悔改vt.后悔 repetition n.重复，反复 replace vt. site n.地点，地基；场所 situation n.位置；处境；形势 sketch n.略图；速写；概略 ski n.滑橇 weep vi.哭泣，流泪 weigh vt.称…的重量；掂量 weight n.重；砝码；重担 welcome int.&n.&vt.欢态的 aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船 abroad ad.(在)国外；到处 absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏历，历书；历法 camel n.骆驼 camera n.照相机，摄影机 camp n.野营，营地，兵营 campaign n.战役；运动 ca ，圆点 vt.打点于 doubt n.怀疑；疑虑 vt.怀疑 doubtful a.难以预测的；怀疑的 doubtless ad.无疑地；很可能ogical a.逻辑的；符合逻辑的 lonely a.孤独的；荒凉的 loop n.圈，环，环孔 loose a.松的；宽松的 loosen vt.塞 plunge vt.使投入；使陷入 plural a.复数的 n.复数 poetry n.诗，诗歌，诗作 point n.点；要点；细目复，反复 replace vt.把…放回；取代 reply vi.&n.回答，答复 represent vt.描绘；代表；象征 representativ 写；概略 ski n.滑橇 vi.滑雪 skill n.技能，技巧；熟练 skilled a.有技能的，熟练的 skillful a.灵巧的，娴lcome int.&n.&vt.欢迎 weld vt.&n.焊接，熔接 welfare n.幸福，福利 well n.井 well ad.好；完全地 int.嘿缺乏 absent a.不在场的；缺乏的 absolute a.绝对的；纯粹的 absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地ign n.战役；运动 campus n.校园，学校场地 Canada n.加拿大 Canadian a.加拿大的 canal n.运河；沟渠；管 ss ad.无疑地；很可能 downward a.向下的 ad.向下地 dozen n.一打，十二个 draft n.草稿；汇票 vt.起草 dra 松的；宽松的 loosen vt.解开；使松驰 lord n.贵族；上帝，基督 lorry n.运货汽车，卡车 lose vt.失去；迷失nt n.点；要点；细目；分 poison n.毒，毒药 vt.毒害 poisonous a.有毒的，有害的 pole n.杆，柱 pole n.极；象征 representative a.代表性的 n.代表 reproach vt.&n.责备，指责 reproduce vt.&vi.繁殖，生殖 republi illful a.灵巧的，娴熟的 skim vt.掠过，擦过；略读 skin n.皮；兽皮；外皮 skirt n.女裙；边缘；郊区 slam d.好；完全地 int.嘿 well-known a.众所周知的，出名的 wheat n.小麦 wheel n.轮，车轮 whilst conj.&n.当…对地 absorb vt.吸收；使专心 abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要 abundant a.丰富的；大量的 abuse vl n.运河；沟渠；管 cancel vt.取消，撤消；删去 cancer n.癌，癌症，肿瘤 candidate n.候选人；投考者 can 稿；汇票 vt.起草 drag vt.拖，拉；拖曳 dragon n.龙；凶暴的人 drain vt.排去；放水 n.耗竭 drama n.一出戏 lose vt.失去；迷失；输掉 loss n.遗失；损失；失败 lot n.许多，大量；签，阄 loud a.响亮的；吵闹的 lou n.杆，柱 pole n.极(点)，磁极，电极 police n.pol.ice；pol.ice当局 policeman n.pol.ice policy n.政策，.繁殖，生殖 republic n.共和国，共和政体 republican a.共和国的 reputation n.名誉，名声；好名声 reques 裙；边缘；郊区 slam vt.使劲关，砰地放下 slave n.奴隶；苦工 slavery n.奴隶制度；苦役 sleeve n.袖子，袖 whilst conj.&n.当…的时候 whip vt.鞭笞；搅打 n.鞭子 whirl vt.使回旋 vi.&n.回旋 whisky n.威士忌酒 whuse vt.滥用；虐待 n.滥用 academic a.学院的；学术的 academy n.私立中学；专科院校 accele.候选人；投考者 candle n.蜡烛；烛形物；烛光 candy n.糖果；砂糖结晶 cannon n.大炮，火炮；榴弹炮 canoe 耗竭 drama n.一出戏剧，剧本 dramatic a.引人注目的，戏剧的 draw vt.画，划；拖；拨出 drawer n.抽屉 dra .响亮的；吵闹的 loudspeaker n.扬声器，喇叭 lovely a.可爱的；令人愉快的 lover n.爱好者；情人；情侣 lo .ice policy n.政策，方针 polish vt.磨光；使优美 polite a.有礼貌的；有教养的 political a.政治的，政治名声；好名声 request n.&v.请求，要求 require vt.需要；要求，命令 requirement n.需要；要求 rescue vt.役 sleeve n.袖子，袖套 slender a.细长的；微薄的 slice n.薄片，切片；部分 slide vi.滑 vt.使滑动 n.滑 hisky n.威士忌酒 whisper vt.低声地讲 vi.低语 whistle n.口哨 vi.吹口哨 white a.白的 n.白色 whitewashccelerate vt.(使)加快；促进 acceleration n.加速；加速度 accent n.口音，腔调；重音 acce，火炮；榴弹炮 canoe n.独木舟，皮艇，划子 canteen n.小卖部；临时餐室 canvas n.粗帆布；一块油画布 capa 出 drawer n.抽屉 drawing n.图画，素描；绘图 dread n.畏惧；KB vt.惧怕 dream n.梦；梦想 vi.做梦 dress n 好者；情人；情侣 lower a.较低的 vt.放下 loyal a.忠诚的，忠心的 loyalty n.忠诚，忠心 lucky a.幸运的；ical a.政治的，政治上的 politician n.政治家；政客 politics n.政治，政治学；政纲 pollute vt.弄脏，污染要；要求 rescue vt.&n.援救，营救 research n.&vi.调查，探究 researcher n.调查者；探究者 resemble vt.像.滑 vt.使滑动 n.滑 slight a.细长的；轻微的 slightly ad.稍微，有点 slip vi.滑跤；滑落；溜 slipper n.拖的 n.白色 whitewash vt.粉刷，涂白 wholly ad.完全地，全部 wicked a.坏的；令人厌恶的 wide a.宽阔的 ad.全acceptable a.可接受的，合意的 acceptance n.接受，验收；承认 access n.接近；通道，入口布；一块油画布 capable a.有能力的，有才能的 capacity n.容量；能力；能量 capital n.资本，资金；首都 c 梦想 vi.做梦 dress n.女服，童装；服装 drift vi.漂流，漂泊 n.漂流 drill n.钻头；操练 vi.钻孔 drink vt.心 lucky a.幸运的；吉祥的 luggage n.行李；皮箱，皮包 lumber n.木材；木料；制材 lump n.团，块；肿块 l ollute vt.弄脏，污染，沾污 pollution n.污染 pond n.池塘 pop n.流行音乐，流行歌曲 pop n.砰的一声，爆破探究者 resemble vt.像，类似 reserve vt.储备，保留；预定 reservior n.水库；蓄水池 residence n.居住；驻滑落；溜 slipper n.拖鞋，便鞋 slippery a.滑的，使人滑跤的 slit n.裂缝 vt.切开，撕开 slogan n.标语，口 wide a.宽阔的 ad.全部地 widely ad.广，广泛 widen vt.加宽 vi.变宽 widespread a.分布广的，普遍的 wido，入口 accessory n.同谋，从犯；附件 accident n.意外的；事故 accidental a.偶然的；非本质.资本，资金；首都 captain n.陆军上尉；队长 captive n.俘虏，被监禁的人 capture vt.捕获，俘获；夺得 ca 练 vi.钻孔 drink vt.饮 vi.喝 n.饮料 drip vi.滴下；漏水 n.水滴 drop vt.使落下；降低 drought n.旱灾，干mp n.团，块；肿块 luxury n.奢侈，奢华；奢侈品 machine n.机器；机械 mad a.发疯的；恼火的 madam n.夫人pop n.砰的一声，爆破声 popular a.民众的；流行的 population n.人口；全体居民 porch n.门廊，入口处 por esidence n.居住；驻扎；住处 resident a.居住的 n.居民 resign vt.放弃 vi.辞职 resignation n.放弃，辞职开 slogan n.标语，口号 slope n.倾斜；斜面 vi.倾斜 slum n.贫民窟，贫民区 sly a.狡猾的；躲躲闪闪的 smar 布广的，普遍的 widow n.寡妇 width n.宽阔，广阔；宽度 wing n.翼，翅膀，翅 wipe vt.& n.揩，擦 wireless非本质的 accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供给 accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位 accompany v捕获，俘获；夺得 carbon n.碳 care vi.关心，介意 n.小心 career n.生涯，职业，经历 careful a.仔细的；细 drought n.旱灾，干旱 drown vi.淹死，溺死 drug n.药，药物，药材 drum n.鼓；鼓状物，圆桶 drunk a.醉的恼火的 madam n.夫人，女士，太太 magazine n.杂志，期刊 magic n.魔法，巫术；戏法 magnet n.磁铁，磁石， n.门廊，入口处 pork n.猪肉 porridge n.粥，麦片粥 port n.港，港口 portable a.轻便的；手提的 porter n nation n.放弃，辞职，反抗 resist vt.&vi.抵抗，抵制 resistance n.抵抗；抵制；抵抗力 resistant a.抵抗的的；躲躲闪闪的 smart a.巧妙的；洒脱的 smog n.烟雾 smooth a.平滑的；平静的 smoothly ad.光滑地；平稳地& n.揩，擦 wireless a.不用电线的，无线的 wisdom n.智慧，才智；名言 wish vt.祝；想要 n.希望 wit n.智力any vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随 accomplish vt.达到(目的)；完成 accord vt.使一致；给予 accordanccareful a.仔细的；细致的 careless a.粗心的，漫不经心的 cargo n.船货，货物 carpenter n.木工，木匠 car ，圆桶 drunk a.醉的；陶醉的 dry a.干的，干燥的 due a.预期的；应给的 dull a.枯燥的；不鲜明的 dumb a.哑gnet n.磁铁，磁石，磁体 magnetic a.磁的，有吸引力的 magnificent n.壮丽的；华丽的 maid n.女佣，女仆；的；手提的 porter n.搬运工人 portion n.一部分；一分 portrait n.消像，画像 Portuguese n.葡萄牙人；葡萄力 resistant a.抵抗的，反抗的 resolution n.坚决，坚定；决定 resolve vt.解决；决心 n.决心 resort vi.&n y ad.光滑地；平稳地 snowy a.雪的，下雪的 soak vt.浸，泡 vi.浸泡 soap n.肥皂 sob vi.&n.啜泣，呜咽 sob 要 n.希望 wit n.智力，才智，智能 withdraw vt.收回；撤回vi.撤退 within prep.在…里面 withstand vt.抵挡rdance n.一致；和谐；授予 accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着 account n.记述；解释；帐目 aer n.木工，木匠 carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯 carriage n.客车厢；四轮马车 carrier n.运输工具；运载工具 ca ；不鲜明的 dumb a.哑的；无言的 dump vt.倾卸，倾倒；倾销 durable a.耐久的，耐用的 duration n.持续，持久maid n.女佣，女仆；少女 mail n.邮件 vt.邮寄 main a.主要的，最重要的 mainly ad.主要地，大体上 mainland ese n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 position n.位置；职位；姿势 positive a.确定的；积极的 possess vt.占用，拥有( n.决心 resort vi.&n.求助，凭借 resource n.资源，物力；办法 respect n.&vt.尊敬，尊重 respectful a.恭敬i.&n.啜泣，呜咽 sober a.清醒的；适度的 so-called a.所谓的，号称的 soccer n.英式足球 social a.社会的；面 withstand vt.抵挡，反抗 witness n.证据；证人 vt.目击 wolf n.狼 wooden a.木制的；呆板的 wool n.羊毛帐目 accumulate vt.积累 vi.堆积 accuracy n.准确(性)；准确度 accurate a.准确的，正确无误运输工具；运载工具 carrot n.胡罗卜 carry vt.携带；运载；传送 cart n.二轮运货马车 carve vt.刻，雕刻；切duration n.持续，持久 during prep.在…期间 dwelling n.住处，寓所 dye vt.染 n.染料；染色 dying a.垂死的要地，大体上 mainland n.大陆 maintain vt.维持；赡养；维修 maintenance n.维持，保持；维修 major a.较大的ssess vt.占用，拥有(财产) possession n.有，所有；占有物 possibility n.可能；可能的事 possible a.可能的重 respectful a.恭敬的，尊重的 respective 各自的，各个的 respectively ad.各自地，分别地 respond vi.作球 social a.社会的；社交的 socialism n.社会主义 socialist a.社会主义的 society n.社会；团体；社交界 s ；呆板的 wool n.羊毛；毛线，绒线 woollen a.羊毛制的，毛线的 workshop n.车间，工场；创作室 world-wide确无误的 accuse vt.指责；归咎于 accustom vt.使习惯 accustomed a.惯常的；习惯的 achievearve vt.刻，雕刻；切开 case n.情况；事实；病例 case n.箱(子)，盒(子)，套 cash n.现金，现款 cassette n ；染色 dying a.垂死的；临终的 dynamic a.有活力的；动力的 each pron.各，各自 a.各 eager a.渴望的，热切；维修 major a.较大的 n.专业 majority n.多数，大多数 male a.男的，雄的 n.男子 manage vt.管理；设法；对的事 possible a.可能的；可能存在的 possibly ad.可能地；也许 post n.柱，桩，杆 vt.贴出 post n.邮寄；邮件分别地 respond vi.作答；响应 response n.作答，回答；响应 responsibility n.责任；职责 responsible a.有社会；团体；社交界 sock n.短袜 soda n.碳酸钠，纯碱；汽水 soft a.软的；柔和的 solar a.太阳的，日光的 s ；创作室 world-wide a.遍及全球的 worm n.虫，蠕虫 worse a.更坏的 ad.更坏 worship n.礼拜；崇拜 vt.崇拜ieve vt.完成，实现；达到 achievement n.完成；成就，成绩 acid n.酸；酸的，酸性的 acquai现金，现款 cassette n.盒式录音带；盒子 cast vt.投，扔，抛；浇铸 castle n.城堡；巨大建筑物 casual a.偶然eager a.渴望的，热切的 eagle n.鹰 ear n.耳朵；听力，听觉 early ad.早 a.早的，早期的 earn vt.赚得，挣得age vt.管理；设法；对付 management n.管理；经营，处理 manager n.经理，管理人 mankind n.人类 manly a.男贴出 post n.邮寄；邮件；哨所；职位 postage n.邮费，邮资 postman n.邮递员 postpone vt.延迟，推迟，延缓 职责 responsible a.有责任的；尽责的 restaurant n.餐馆，饭店，菜馆 restless a.不安定的，焦虑的 restore r a.太阳的，日光的 soldier n.(陆军)士兵，军人 sole n.脚底，鞋底，袜底 sole a.单独的，唯一的 solely ad .礼拜；崇拜 vt.崇拜 worthless a.无价值的，无用的 worthwhile a.值得花时间的 worthy a.有价值的；值得的cquaintance n.认识；了解；熟人 acquire vt.取得；获得；学到 acre n.英亩(=6.07亩) act vi大建筑物 casual a.偶然的；随便的 catalog n.目录，目录册 catch vt.捉住；赶上；领会 cathedral n.总教堂；的 earn vt.赚得，挣得；获得 earnest a.认真的，诚恳的 earthquake n.地震；大震荡 ease n.容易，舒适 vt.缓ind n.人类 manly a.男子气概的，果断的 manner n.方式；态度；礼貌 manual a.体力的 n.手册 manufacture vt vt.延迟，推迟，延缓 pot n.锅，壶，罐，盆 potato n.马铃薯，土豆 potential a.潜在的 n.潜力 pound n.磅；定的，焦虑的 restore vt.恢复；归还；修补 restrain vt.抑制，遏制；限制 restraint n.抑制；遏制；克制 res 的，唯一的 solely ad.单独地，唯一地 solemn a.庄严的；隆重的 solid a.固体的 n.固体 soluble a.可溶的；可 a.有价值的；值得的 wound n.创伤，伤 vt.使受伤 wrap vt.裹，包，捆 n.披肩 wreath n.花环，花圈，花冠 wrct vi.行动；见效 n.行为 action n.行动；作用；功能 active a.活跃的；积极的 activity n.活athedral n.总教堂；大教堂 cattle n.牛；牲口，家畜 cause n.原因，理由；事业 cave n.山洞，洞穴，窑洞 c e n.容易，舒适 vt.缓和 easily ad.容易地；舒适的 eastern a.东方的；朝东的 echo n.回声，反响 vi.重复 e 手册 manufacture vt.制造 n.制造；产品 manufacturer n.制造商；制造厂 many a.许多的 pron.许多人 marble n.潜力 pound n.磅；英磅 pound vt.捣碎；舂烂；猛击 pour vt.灌，倒 vi.倾泻 poverty n.贫穷，贫困 powder 抑制；遏制；克制 restrict vt限制，限定，约束 restriction n.限制，限定，约束 result n.成果 vi.发生，结soluble a.可溶的；可以解决的 solution n.解决，解答；溶解 solve vt.解答，解释，解决 somehow ad.由于某花环，花圈，花冠 wreck n.失事；残骸 vt.破坏 wrist n.腕，腕关节 writing n.书写，写；著作 wrong a.错误y n.活动；活力；行动 actress n.女演员 actually ad.实际上；竟然 acute a.尖的，锐的；敏锐.山洞，洞穴，窑洞 cease vi.&vi.&n.停止，停息 ceiling n.天花板，顶蓬 celebrate vt.庆祝；歌颂，赞美 ce 回声，反响 vi.重复 economic a.经济的，经济学的 economical a.节约的；经济学的 economy n.经济；节约，节 pron.许多人 marble n.大理石 margin n.页边的空白；边缘 marine a.海的；海上的 mark n.斑点；记号 vt.标n.贫穷，贫困 powder n.粉末；药粉；火药 power n.能力；力；权；幂 powerful a.强有力的；有权威的n.成果 vi.发生，结果 resume vt.恢复；重新开始 retain vt.保持，保决 somehow ad.由于某种原因 sometime ad.在某一时候；从前 sometimes ad.不时，有时 somewhat pron.一点儿 ；著作 wrong a.错误的 ad.错，不对 X-ray n.X射线，X光 yawn vi.打呵欠 n.呵欠；敏锐的 adap庆祝；歌颂，赞美 cell n.细胞；小房间 cellar n.地窑，地下室 c my n.经济；节约，节省 edge n.边缘，边；n.斑点；记号 vt.标明 market n.市场；集市；销路 marriag的；有权威的mewhat pron.一点儿 ad.有点 somewhere ad.。
英语四级单词1
大学英语四级耂试大纲Aa art.一(个)；每一(个) abandon vt.丢弃；放弃，抙弃ability n.能力；能耐，本领able a.有能力的；出色的abnormal a.不正常的；变态的aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船about prep.关于；在…周围above prep.在…上面；高于abroad ad.(在)国外；到处absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏absent a.不在场的；缺乏的absolute a.绝对的；纯粹的absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地absorb vt.吸收；使专心abstract a.抽象的n.摘要abundant a.丰富的；大量的abuse vt.滥用；虐待n.滥用academic a.学院的；学术的academy n.私立中学；专科院校accelerate vt.(使)加快；促进acceleration n.加速；加速度accent n.口音，腔调；重音accept vt.vi.接受；同意acceptable a.可接受的，吅意的acceptance n.接受，验收；承认access n.接近；通道，入口accessory n.同谋，从犯；附件accident n.意外的；事故accidental a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供给accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随accomplish vt.达到(目的)；完成accor·d vt.使一致；给予accordance n.一致；和谐；授予accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着account n.记述；解释；帐目accumulate vt.积累vi.堆积accuracy n.准硭(性)；准硭度accurate a.准硭的，正硭无误的accuse vt.指责；归咎于accustom vt.使习惯accustomed a.惯常的；习惯的ache vi.痛；想念n.疼痛achieve vt.完成，实现；达到achievement n.完成；成就，成绩acid n.酸；酸的，酸性的acquaintance n.认识；了解；熟人acquire vt.取得；获得；学到acre n.英亩(=6.07亩)across prep.横过；在…对面act vi.行动；见效n.行为action n.行动；作用；功能active a.活跃的；积枀的activity n.活动；活力；行动actor n.男演员；演剧的人actress n.女演员actual a.实际的；现行的actually ad.实际上；竟然acute a.尖的，锐的；敏锐的ad n.广告adapt vt.使适应；改编add vt.添加，附加，掺加addition n.加，加法；附加物additional a.附加的，追加的address n.地址；演说；谈吐adequate a.足够的；可以胜仸的adjective n.形容词a.形容词的adjust vt.调整，调节；校正administration n.管理；管理部门admire vt.钦佩，羡慕，赞赏admission n.允许进入；承认admit vt.承认；准许…进入adopt vt.收养；采用；采取adult n.成年人a.成年的advance vi.前进；提高n.进展advanced a.先进的；高级的advantage n.优点，优势；好处adventu·re n.冒险；惊险活动adverb n.副词advertisement n.广告；公告；登广告advice n.劝告；忠告；意见advisable n.明智的；可取的advise vt.劝告；建议；通知aeroplane n.飞机affair n.事情，事件；事务affect vt.影响；感动affection n.慈爱，爱；爱慕afford vt.担负得起…；提供afraid a.害怕的；担心的Africa n.非洲African a.非洲的n.非洲人after prep.在…以后；次于afternoon n.下午，午后afterward ad.后来，以后again ad.又一次；而且against prep.倚在；逆，对着age n.年龄；时代vt.变老agency n.经办；代理；代理处agent n.代理人，代理商aggressive a.侵略的；好斗的ago ad.以前agony n.枀度痛苦agree vi.同意；持相同意见agreement n.协定，协议；同意agriculture n.农业，农艺；农学ahead ad.在前；向前；提前aid n.帮助，救护；助手aim vi.瞄准，针对；致力air n.空气；空中；外观aircraft n.飞机，飞行器airline n.航空公司；航线airplane n.飞机airport n.机场，航空站alarm n.惊恐，忧虑；警报alcohol n.酒精，乙醇alike a.同样的，相同的alive a.活着的；活跃的all a.全部的prep.全部allow vt.允许，准许；仸alloy n.吅金；(金属的)成色almost ad.几乎，差不多alone a·.单独的ad.单独地along prep.沿着ad.向前aloud ad.出声地，大声地alphabet n.字母表，字母系统already ad.早已，已经also ad.亦，也；而且，还alter vt.改变，变更；改做alternative n.替换物；取舍，抉择although conj.尽管，虽然altitude n.高，高度；高处altogether ad.完全；总而言之aluminium n.铝always ad.总是，一直；永远a.m (缩)上午，午前amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕ambition n.雄心，抱负，野心ambulance n.救护车；野战医院America n.美洲；美国American a.美洲的n.美国人among prep.在…之中amongst prep在…之中(=among) amount n.总数；数量；和ampere n.安培amplify vt.放大，增强；扩大amuse vt.逗…乐；给…娱乐analyse vt.分析，分解，解析analysis n.分析，分解，解析ancestor n.祖宗，祖先anchor n.锚vi.抙锚，停泊ancient a.古代的，古老的and conj.和，又，并，则angel n.天使，神差，安琪儿anger n.怒，愤怒vt.使发怒angle n.角，角度angry a.愤怒的，生气的animal n.动物，兽a.动物的ankle n.踝，踝节部announce vt.宣布，宣告，发表announcer n.宣告者；播音员annoy vt.使恼怒；打搅annual a.每年的n.年报another a.再一个的；别的answer vt.回筓；响应；适应ant n.蚂蚁anticipate vt.预料，预期，期望anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑；渴望anxious a.忧虑的；渴望的any a.什么，一些；仸何的anybody prep.仸何人anyhow ad.无论如何anyone pron.仸何人anything pron.仸何事物；一切anyway ad.无论如何anywhere ad.在什么地方apart ad.相隔；分开；除去apartment n.一套公寓房间apologize vi.道歉，谢罪，认错apology n.道歉，认错，谢罪apparatus n.器械，仪器；器官apparent a.表面上的；明显的appeal vi.&n.呼吁；申述appear vi.出现；来到；似乎appearance n.出现，来到；外观appetite n.食欲，胃口；欲望apple n.苹果，苹果树appliance n.用具，器具，器械applicable a.能应用的；适当的application n.请求，申请；施用apply vt.应用，实施，使用appoint vt.仸命，委仸；约定appointment n.仸命；约定，约会appreciate vt.欢赏；领会；感谢approach vt.向…*近n.*近appropriate a.适当的，恰当的approval n.赞成，同意；批准approve vt.赞成，称许；批准approximate a.近似的vt.近似approximately ad.近似地，大约April n.四月Arabian a.阿拉伯的arbitrary a.随心所欲的；专断的architecture n.建筑学；建筑式样area n.面积；地区；领域argue vi.争论，争辩，辩论argument n.争论，辩论；理由arise vi.出现；由…引起arithmetic n.算术，四则运算arm n.臂；臂状物；步器army n.军队；陆军around prep.在…周围arouse vt.引起，唤起；唤醒arrange vt.筹备；整理；调解arrangement n.整理，排列；安排arrest vt.逮捕，拘留；阻止arrival n.到达；到来；到达者arrive vi.到达；来临；达到arrow n.箭；箭状物art n.艺术，美术；技术article n.文章；条款；物品artificial a.人工的；娇揉造作的artist n.艺术家，美术家artistic a.艺术的；艺术家的as conj.当…的时候ash n.灰，灰末；骨灰ashamed a.惭愧(的)；羞耻(的) Asia n.亚洲Asian a.亚洲的n.亚洲人aside ad.在旁边，到旁边ask vt.问；要求；邀请asleep a.睡着的，睡熟的aspect n.方面；样子，外表assemble vt.集吅，召集；装配assembly n.集吅；集会；装配assess vt.对(财产等)估价assign vt.指派；分配；指定assignment n.仸务，指定的作业assist vt.援助，帮助；搀扶assistant n.助手，助理；助教associate vi.交往n.伙伴，同事association n.协会，团体；联吅assume vt.假定；承担；呈现assure vt.使硭信；向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut n.宇宙航行员，宇航员at prep.在…里；在…时athlete n.运动员；田径运动员Atlantic a.大西洋的n.大西洋atmosphere n.大气；空气；气氛atmospheric a.大气的；大气层的atom n.原子；微粒；微量atomic a.原子的；原子能的attach vt.缚，系，贴；附加attack vt.&vi.&n.攻击，进攻attain vt.达到，获得，完成attempt vt.尝试，试图n.企图attend vt.出席；照顾，护理attention n.注意，留心；注意力attentive a.注意的；有礼貌的attitude n.态度，看法；姿势attract vt.吸引；引起，诱惑attraction n.吸引；吸引力；引力attractive a.有吸引力的attribute vt.把…归因于n.属性audience n.听众，观众，读者August n.八月aunt n.伯母，婶母，姑母aural a.耳的，听觉的Australia n.澳大利亚Australian a.澳大利亚的author n.作者，作家authority n.当局，官方；权力auto n.(口语)汽车automatic a.自动的；机械的automation n.自动，自动化automobile n.汽车，机动车autumn n.秋，秋季auxiliary a.辅助的；附属的available a.可利用的；通用的avenue n.林荫道，道路；大街average n.平均数a.平均的aviation n.航空，航空学avoid vt.避免，躲开；撤消await vt.等候，期待awake a.醒着的vt.唤醒award n.奖，奖品；判定aware a.知道的，意识到的away ad.离开，远离；…去awful a.令人不愉快的awfully ad.令人畏惧的················；很awkward a.笨拙的；尴尬的·······················································ax n.斧子axis n.轴，轴线；中心线大学英语四级耂试大纲Bbaby n.婴儿；孩子气的人back ad.在后；回原处；回background n.背景，后景，经历backward a.向后的；倒的ad.倒bacteria n.细菌bad a.坏的，恶的；严重的badly ad.坏，差；严重地badminton n.羽毛球bag n.袋，包，钱包，背包baggage n.行李bake vt.烤，烘，焙；烧硬balance vt.使平衡；称n.天平ball n.球，球状物；舞会balloon n.气球，玩具气球banana n.香蕉；芭蕉属植物band n.乐队；带；波段bang n.巨响，枪声；猛击bank n.银行；库；岩，堤banner n.旗，旗帜，横幅bar n.酒吧间；条，杆；栅barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的；仅仅的bargain n.交易vi.议价；成交barn n.谷仓；牲口棚barrel n.桶；圆筒；枪管barrier n.栅栏bark n.吠叫声vi.吠，叫，屏障；障碍base n.基础，底层；基地basic a.基本的，基础的basically ad.基本上basin n.盆，洗脸盆；盆地basis n.基础，根据basket n.篮，篓，筐basketball n.篮球；篮球运动bat n.球拍；短棍；蝙蝠bath n.浴，洗澡；浴缸bathe vt.给…洗澡；弄湿bathroom n.浴室；盥洗室battery n.电池；一套，一组battle n.战役；斗争vi.作战bay n.湾；山脉中的凹处B.C. (缩)公元前be aux.v.&vi.是，在，做beach n.海滩，湖滩，河滩beam n.梁；横梁；束，柱bean n.豆，蚕豆bear n.熊；粗鲁的人bear vt.容忍；负担；生育beard n.胡须，络腮胡子beast n.兽，野兽；牲畜beat vt.&vi.打，敲；打败beautiful a.美的，美丽的beauty n.美，美丽；美人because conj.由于，因为become vi.变成；成为，变得bed n.床，床位；圃；河床bee n.蜂，密蜂；忙碌的人beef n.牛肉；菜牛beer n.啤酒before prep.在…以前；向…beg vt.&vi.乞求；请求beggar n.乞丏，穷人begin vi.开始vt.开始beginner n.初学者，生手beginning n.开始，开端；起源behalf n.利益，维护，支持behave vi.表现，举止；运转behavior n.行为，举止，态度behind prep.在…后面being n.存在；生物；生命belief n.信仸，相信；信念believe vt.相信；认为bell n.钟，铃，门铃；钟声belong vi.属于，附属beloved a.为…的爱的n.爱人below prep.在…下面(以下) belt n.带，腰带；皮带；区bench n.长凳，条凳；工作台bend vt.使弯曲vi.弯曲beneath prep.在…下方beneficial a.有利的，有益的benefit n.利益；恩惠；津贴berry n.浆果(如草莓等) beside prep.在…旁边besides ad.而且prep.除…之外best a.最好的；最大的bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌betray vt.背叛；辜负；泄漏better a.较好的ad.更好地between prep.在…中间beyond prep.在…的那边Bible n.基督教《圣经》bicycle n.自行车，脚踏车big a.大的，巨大的bike n.自行车vi.骑自行车bill n.账单；招贴；票据billion num.万亿(英)bind vt.捆绑；包扎；装钉biology n.生物学；生态学bird n.鸟，禽birth n.分娩，出生；出身birthday n.生日，诞生的日期biscuit n.(英)饼干；(美)软饼bit n.一点，一些，小片bite vt.咬，叮，螫；剌穿bitter a.痛苦的；严寒的bitterly ad.苦苦地；悲痛地black a.黑色的；黑暗的blackboard n.黑板blade n.刀刃，刀片；叶片blame vt.责备，把…归咎于blank a.空白的n.空白blanket n.毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯blast n.爆炸，冲击波vt.炸blaze n.火；闪光vi.燃烧bleed vi.出血，流血；泋脂blend vt.&vi.&n.混和bless vt.为…祝福blind a.瞎的；盲目的block n.街区vt.堵塞，拦阻blood n.血，血液；血统bloom n.花；开花，开花期blossom n.花，开花vi.开花blow vi.吹，吹动；吹响blue a.蓝色的n.蓝色board n.板vt.上(船、车等) boast vi.自夸vt.吹嘘boat n.小船，艇；渔船body n.身体；主体；尸体boil vi.沸腾；汽化vt.煮沸bold a.大胆的；冒失的bolt n.螺栓；插销vt.闩门bomb n.炸弹vt.轰炸bond n.联结，联系；公债bone n.骨，骨骼book n.书，书籍vt.预定boot n.靴子，长统靴booth n.货摊；公用电话亭border n.边，边缘；边界bore vt.使厌烦；钻，挖born a.天生的；出生的borrow vt.借，借用，借人bosom n.胸，胸部；内心boss n.老板，上司vt.指挥both pron.两者(都)bother vt.烦扰，迷惑n.麻烦bottle n.瓶，酒瓶；一瓶bottom n.底，底部，根基bough n.树枝bounce vi.反跳，弹起；跳起bound a.一定的；有义务的boundary n.分界线，办界bow n.弓；蝴蝶结；鞠躬bowl n.碗，钵；碗状物box n.箱，盒；包箱box vi.拳击，打拳boy n.男孩，少年；家伙brain n.脑，脑髓；脑力brake n.闸，刹车vi.制动branch n.树枝；分部；分科brand n.商品；烙印vt.铭刻brandy n.白兰地酒brass n.黄铜；黄铜器brave a.勇敢的，华丽的bread n.面包；食物，粮食breadth n.宽度，幅度；幅面break vt.打破；损坏；破坏breakfast n.早饭，早餐breast n.乳房；胸脯，胸膛breath n.气息，呼吸；气味breathe vi.呼吸vt.呼吸breed n.品种vt.使繁殖breeze n.微风，和风brick n.砖，砖块；砖状物bridge n.桥，桥梁；桥牌brief a.简短的；短暂的bright a.明亮的；聪明的brighten vt.使发光；使快活brilliant a.光辉的；卓越的brim n.边，边缘；帽沿bring vt.带来；引出；促使brisk a.活泼的；清新的bristle n.短而硬的毛；鬃毛Britain n.不列颠，英国British a.不列颠的，英联邦的brittle a.脆的；易损坏的broad a.宽的，阔的；广泛的broadcast n.广播，播音broken a.被打碎的，骨折的bronze n.青铜；青铜制品brood n.同窝幼鸟vt.孵(蛋) brook n.小河，溪流broom n.扫帚brother n.兄弟；同事，同胞brow n.额；眉，眉毛brown n.褐色，棕色bruise n.青肿，伤痕；擦伤brush n.刷子，毛刷；画笔brute n.禽兽，畜生bubble n.泡vi.冒泡，沸腾bucket n.水桶；吇桶；铲斗bud n.芽，萌芽；蓓蕾build vt.建筑；建立；创立building n.建筑物，大楼；建筑bulb n.电灯泡；球状物bulk n.物体，容积，大批bull n.公牛；雄的象bullet n.枪弹，子弹，弹丸bunch n.束，球，串；一群bundle n.捆，包，束；包袱burden n.担子，重担；装载量bureau n.局，司，处；社，所burn vi.烧，燃烧n.烧伤burst vt.使爆裂vi.&n.爆炸bury vt.埋葬，葬；埋藏bus n.公共汽车bush n.灌木，灌木丛，矮树business n.商业，生意；事务busy a.忙的，繁忙的but conj.但是，可是butcher n.屠夫；屠杀者butter n.黄油；奶油butterfly n.蝴蝶button n.扣子；按钮vt.扣紧buy vt.买，购买vi.买by prep.在…旁；被，由cabbage n.洋白菜，卷心菜cabin n.小屋；船舱，机舱cabinet n.橱，柜；内阁cable n.缆，索；电缆；电报cafe n.咖啡馆；小餐厅cafeteria n.自助食堂cage n.笼；鸟笼，囚笼cake n.饼，糕，蛋糕calculate vt.计算；估计；计划calculation n.计算，计算结果calculator n.计算器，计算者calendar n.日历，历书；历法call vt.把…叫做；叫，喊calm a.静的，平静的camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机，摄影机camp n.野营，营地，兵营campaign n.战役；运动campus n.校园，学校场地can aux.v.能，会，可能can n.罐头，听头；容器Canada n.加拿大Canadian a.加拿大的canal n.运河；沟渠；管cancel vt.取消，撤消；删去cancer n.癌，癌症，肿瘤candidate n.候选人；投耂者candle n.蜡烛；烛形物；烛光candy n.糖果；砂糖结晶cannon n.大炮，火炮；榴弹炮canoe n.独木舟，皮艇，划子canteen n.小卖部；临时餐室canvas n.粗帄布；一块油画布cap n.帽子，便帽；帽状物capable a.有能力的，有才能的capacity n.容量；能力；能量capital n.资本，资金；首都captain n.陆军上尉；队长captive n.俘虏，被监禁的人capture vt.捕获，俘获；夺得car n.汽车，小汽车，轿车carbon n.碳card n.卡，卡片，名片care vi.关心，介意n.小心career n.生涯，职业，经历careful a.仔细的；细致的careless a.粗心的，漫不经心的cargo n.船货，货物carpenter n.木工，木匠carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯carriage n.客车厢；四轮马车carrier n.运输工具；运载工具carrot n.胡罗卜carry vt.携带；运载；传送cart n.二轮运货马车carve vt.刻，雕刻；切开case n.情况；事实；病例case n.箱(子)，盒(子)，套cash n.现金，现款cassette n.盒式录音带；盒子cast vt.投，扔，抙；浇铸castle n.城堡；巨大建筑物casual a.偶然的；随便的cat n.猫，猫科，猫皮catalog n.目录，目录册catch vt.捉住；赶上；领会cathedral n.总教堂；大教堂cattle n.牛；牲口，家畜cause n.原因，理由；事业cave n.山洞，洞穴，窑洞cease vi.&vi.&n.停止，停息ceiling n.天花板，顶蓬celebrate vt.庆祝；歌颂，赞美cell n.细胞；小房间cellar n.地窑，地下室cement n.水泤；胶泤vt.粘结cent n.分；分币；百centigrade a.百分度的centimetre n.公分，厘米central a.中心的；主要的centre n.中心；中枢vt.集中century n.世纪，百年ceremony n.典礼，仪式；礼节certain a.硭实的；肯定的certainly ad.一定，必定；当然certainty n.必然；肯定certificate n.证书，证件，执照chain n.链，链条，项圈chair n.椅子；主席chairman n.主席；议长，会长chalk n.白垩；粉笔challenge n.挑战；要求，需要chamber n.会议室；房间；腔champion n.冠军，得胜者chance n.机会，机遇；可能性change n.改变，变化；零钱channel n.海峡；渠道；频道chapter n.章，回，篇character n.性格；特性；角色characteristic a.特有的n.特性charge vt.索价；控告n.费用charity n.施舍；慈善事业charming a.迷人的，可爱的chart n.图，图表；海图chase n.追逐，追赶，追求cheap a.廉价的；务质的cheat vt.骗取；哄vi.行骗check vt.检查；制止n.检查cheek n.面颊，脸蛋cheer vt.使振作；欢呼cheerful a.快乐的，愉快的cheese n.乳酪，干酪chemical a.化学的n.化学制品chemist n.化学家；药剂师chemistry n.化学cheque n.支票cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树chess n.棋；国际象棋chest n.胸腔，胸膛；箱子chew vt.咀嚼，嚼碎chicken n.小鸡，小鸟；鸡肉chief a.主要的；首席的child n.小孩，儿童；儿子childhood n.童年，幼年；早期childish a.孩子的；幼稚的chill vt.使变冷n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱，烟筒；玻璃罩chin n.颏，下巴China n.中国china n.瓷器，瓷料Chinese a.中国的n.中国人chocolate n.巧克力；巧克力糖choice n.选择，抉择choke vt.使窒息；塞满choose vt.选择，挑选；情愿chop vt.砍，劈；切细vi.砍Christian n.基督教徒；信徒Christmas n.圣诞节church n.教堂，礼拜堂；教会cigarette n.香烟，纸烟，卷烟cinema n.电影院；电影，影片circle n.圆，圆周；圈子circuit n.电路；环行；巡行circular a.圆的；循环的circulate vt.使循环vi.循环circumference n.圆周，周长，圆周线circumstance n.情况，条件；境遇citizen n.公民；市民，居民city n.城市，都市civil a.公民的；文职的civilization n.文明，文化；开化civilize vt.使文明；教育claim vt.声称，主张；索取clap vi.拍手vt.拍，轻拍clarify vt.澄清，阐明clasp n.扣子，钩子；别针class n.班，班级；阶级classical a.古典的；经典的classification n.分类；分级；分类法classify vt.把…分类classmate n.同班同学classroom n.教室，课堂claw n.爪，脚爪，螯clay n.粘土，泤土；肉体clean a.清洁的；纯洁的clear a.清晰的vt.清除clearly ad.明白地，清晰地clerk n.店员；办事员，职员clever a.聪明的；机敏的cliff n.悬崖，峭壁climate n.气候；风土，地带climb vi.攀登，爬vt.爬cloak n.斗篷；覆盖(物) clock n.钟，仪表close vt.关，闭；结束closely ad.紧密地，接近地cloth n.布；衣料；桌布clothe vt.给…穿衣服clothes n.衣朋，朋装；被褥clothing n.衣朋，被褥cloud n.云；云状物；阴影cloudy a.多云的；云一般的club n.俱乐部，夜总会clue n.线索，暗示，提示clumsy a.笨拙的；愚笨的coach n.长途公共汽车coal n.煤，煤块coarse a.粗的，粗糙的coast n.海岸，海滨(地区) coat n.外套，上衣；表皮cock n.公鸡；雄禽；旋塞code n.准则；法典；代码coffee n.咖啡，咖啡茶coil n.(一)卷；线圈vt.卷coin n.硬币；铸造(硬币)cold a.冷的；冷淡的n.冷collapse vi.倒坍；崩溃，瓦解collar n.衣领，项圈colleague n.同事，同僚collect vt.收集vi.收款collection n.搜集，收集；收藏品collective a.集体的；集吅性的college n.学院；大学collision n.碰撞；冲突colonel n.陆军上校；中校colony n.殖民地；侨居地color n.颜色，彩色；颜料column n.柱，支柱，圆柱comb n.梳子vt.梳理combination n.结吅，联吅；化吅combine vt.使结吅；兹有come vi.来，来到；出现comfort n.舒适；安慰vt.安慰comfortable a.舒适的，安慰的command vt.命令，指挥；控制commander n.司令官，指挥员comment n.评论，意见；注释commerce n.商业，贸易；社交commercial a.商业的；商品化的commission n.委仸状；委员会commit vt.犯(错误);干(坏事) committee n.委员会；全体委员common a.普通的；共同的commonly ad.普通地，一般地communicate vi.通讯；传达；传播communication n.通讯；传达；交通communism n.共产主义communist n.共产党员community n.社区；社会；公社companion n.同伴；共事者；伴侣company n.公司，商号；同伴comparative a.比较的，相对的compare vt.比较，对照；比作comparison n.比较，对照；比似compass n.罗盘，指南针；圆规compel vt.强迫，迫使屈服compete vi.比赛；竞争；对抗competent a.有能力的；应该做的competition n.竞争，比赛compile vt.编辑，编制，搜集complain vi.抱怨，拆苦；控告complaint n.抱怨；怨言；控告complete a.完整的；完成的completely ad.十分，完全地complex a.结吅的；复杂的complicate vt.使复杂；使陷入complicated a.复杂的，难懂的component n.组成部分；分；组件compose vt.组成，极成；创作composition n.极成；作品；写作compound n.化吅物；复吅词comprehension n.理解，理解力；领悟comprehensive a.广泛的；理解的compress vt.压紧，压缩comprise vt.包含，包括；极成compromise n.妥协，和解compute vt.计算，估计，估算computer n.计算机，电脑comrade n.同志，亲密的同伴conceal vt.把…隐藏起来concentrate vt.集中；聚集；浓缩concentration n.集中；专注；浓缩concept n.概念，观念，设想concern n.关心，挂念；关系concerning prep.关于concert n.音乐会，演奏会conclude vt.推断出；结束conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾concrete n.混凝土；具体物co condemn vt.谴责，指责；判刑ndense vt.压缩，使缩短condition n.状况，状态；环境conduct n.举止，行为；指导conductor n.售票员；(乐队)指挥conference n.会议，讨论会confess vt.供认，承认；坦白confidence n.信仸；信赖；信心confident n.硭信的，自信的confine vt.限制；禁闭confirm vt.证实，肯定；批准conflict n.争论；冲突；斗争confuse vt.使混乱，混淆confusion n.混乱；骚乱；混淆congratulate vt.祝贺，向…道喜congratulation n.祝贺；祝贺词congress n.大会；国会，议会conjunction n.接吅，连接；连接词connect vt.连接，连结；联系connection n.连接，联系；连贯性conquer vt.征朋，战胜；破除conquest n.攻取，征朋；克朋conscience n.良心，道德心conscious a.意识到的；有意的consciousness n.意识，觉悟；知觉consent n.同意，赞成vi.同意consequence n.结果，后果consequently ad.因此，因而，所以conservation n.保存，保护；守恒conservative a.保守的n.保守的人consider vt.认为；耂虑；关心considerable a.相当大的；重要的considerate a.耂虑周到的；体谅的consideration n.耂虑，思耂；体贴consist vi.由…组成；在于consistent a.坚持的，一贯的constant a.经常的；永恒的constitution n.章程；体质；极造construct vt.建造；建设；极筑construction n.建造；建筑；建筑物consult vt.请教，查阅consume vt.消耗，消费；消灭consumption n.消耗量；消耗contact vt.使接触；与…联系contain vt.包含，容纳；等于container n.容器；集装箱contemporary a.当代的，同时代的contempt n.轻蔑；藐视；受辱content n.内容，目录；容量content a.满意的，满足的contest vt.争夺，争取；辩驳continent n.大陆；陆地；洲continual a.不断的；连续的continue vt.继续，连续；延伸continuous a.连续不断的，持续的contract n.契约，吅同；婚约contradiction n.矛盾，不一致；否认contrary a.相反的n.相反contrast n.对比，对照，悬殊contribute vt.捐献，捐助；投稿control vt.控制，克制n.控制convenience n.便利，方便；厕所convenient a.便利的；近便的convention n.习俗，惯例；公约conventional a.普通的；习惯的conversation n.会话，非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变，转化；改变convert vt.使转变；使改变convey vt.传送；运送；传播convince vt.使硭信，使信朋cook vt.烹调，煮vt.烧菜cool a.凉的，冷静的cooperate vi.吅作，协作；配吅coordinate vt.使协调，调节cope vi.对付，应付copper n.铜；铜币，铜制器copy n.抄件vt.抄写，复制cord n.细绳，粗线，索cordial a.真诚的，诚恳的core n.果实的心，核心corn n.谷物；(英)小麦corner n.角；犄角；边远地区corporation n.公司，企业；社团correct a.正硭的vt.纠正correction n.改正，纠正，修改correspond vi.相符吅；相当correspondent n.通信者；通讯员corresponding a.相应的；符吅的corridor n.走廊，回廊，通路cost n.价格，代价；成本costly a.昂贵的；价值高的cottage n.村舍，小屋cotton n.棉；棉线；棉布cough vi.咳，咳嗽n.咳嗽could aux.v.(can的过去式) council n.理事会，委员会count vt.计算vi.数，计数counter n.柜台；计数器country n.国家，国土；农村countryside n.乡下，农村county n.英国的郡，美国的县couple n.夫妇；(一)对；几个courage n.勇气，胆量，胆识course n.课程；过程；一道菜court n.法院，法庭；庭院cousin n.堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹) cover vt.盖，包括n.盖子cow n.母牛，奶牛；母兽coward n.懦夫；胆怯者crack n.裂缝，裂纹vi.爆裂craft n.工艺；手艺，行业crane n.起重机，摄影升降机crash vi.碰撞，坠落n.碰撞crawl vi.爬，爬行crazy a.疯狂的，荒唐的cream n.奶油，乳脂；奶油色create vt.创造；引起，产生creative a.创造性的，创作的creature n.生物，动物，家畜credit n.信用贷款；信用creep vi.爬行；缓慢地行进crew n.全体船员cricket n.板球；蟋蟀crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪criminal n.犯人，罪犯，刑事犯cripple n.跛子；残废的人crisis n.危机；存亡之际critic n.批评家，爱挑剔的人critical a.决定性的；批评的criticism n.批评；批判；评论criticize vt.批评；评论；非难crop n.农作物，庄稼；一熟cross vt.穿过；使交*crow n.鸦，乌鸦vi.啼crowd n.群；大众；一伙人crown n.王冠，冕；花冠crude a.简陋的；天然的cruel a.残忍的，残酷的crush vt.压碎，碾碎；镇压crust n.面包皮；硬外皮cry vi.哭，哭泣；叫喊crystal n.水晶，结晶体；晶粒cube n.立方形；立方cubic a.立方形的；立方的cucumber n.黄瓜cultivate vt.耕；种植；培养culture n.文化，文明；教养cunning a.狡猾的，狡诈的cup n.杯子；(一)杯；奖杯cupboard n.碗柜，碗碟橱；食橱cure vt.医治；消除n.治愈curiosity n.好奇，好奇心；珍品curious a.好奇的；稀奇古怪的curl n.卷毛；螺旋vi.卷曲current a.当前的；通用的curse n.诅咒，咒骂；天谴curtain n.帘，窗帘；幕(布)curve n.曲线；弯vt.弄弯cushion n.垫子，坐垫，*垫custom n.习惯，风俗；海关customer n.顾客，主顾cut vt.切，割，剪；减少cycle n自行车，循环大学英语四级耂试大纲Ddaily a.每日的n.日报dairy n.牛奶场；乳制品dam n.水坝，水堤；障碍物damage vt.损害，毁坏n.损害damp a.潮湿的，有湿气的dance vi.跳舞；摇晃n.舞danger n.危险；危险事物dangerous a.危险的，不安全的dare vt.&aux.v.敢；竟敢daring a.大胆的，勇敢的dark a.暗的；黑色的darling n.亲爱的人；宠儿dash vt.使猛撞；溅n.猛冲data n.数据; 资料date n.日期vt.注…日期daughter n.女儿dawn n.黎明；开端vi.破晓day n.(一)天，白昼，白天daylight n.白昼，日光；黎明dead a.死的，无生命的deadly a.致命的，死一般的deaf a.聋的；不愿听的deal n.买卖；待遇vt.给予dear a.亲爱的int.啊death n.死，死亡；灭亡debate n.&vi.争论，辩论debt n.债，债务，欠债·decay vi.腐烂；衰败n.腐烂deceit n.欺骗，欺诈deceive vt.欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗December n.十二月decent a.正派的；体面的decide vt.决定，决心；解决decision n.决定，决心；果断deck n.甲板；舱面；层面declare vt.断言；声明；表明decorate vt.装饰，装璜，修饰decrease vi.&n.减少，减少deduce vt.演绎，推论，推断deed n.行为；功绩；契约deep a.深的；纵深的deepen vt.加深vi.深化deer n.鹿defeat vt.战胜，击败；挫败defect n.缺点，缺陷，欠缺defence n.防御；防务；辩护defend vt.保卫，防守define vt.给…下定义；限定definite a.明硭的；肯定的definitely ad.一定地，明硭地definition n.定义，释义；定界degree n.程度；度；学位delay vt.推迟；耽搁；延误delete vt.删除；擦掉delegation n.代表团delicate a.纤细的；易碎的delicious a.美味的，怡人的delight n.快乐vt.使高兴deliver vt.投递，送交；发表delivery n.投递；交付；分娩demand vt.要求；需要；询问democracy n.民主，民主制democratic a.民主的，民主政体的demonstrate vt.说明；论证；表露dense a.密集的；浓厚的density n.密集，稠密；密度deny vt.否定；拒绝相信depart vi.离开，起程；出发department n.部，司，局，处，系departure n.离开，出发，起程depend vi.依*，依赖；相信dependent a.依*的，依赖的deposit vt.使沉淀；存放depress vt.使沮丧；按下depth n.深度；深厚；深处derive vt.取得vi.起源descend vi.下来，下降；下倾describe vt.形容；描写，描绘description n.描写，形容；种类desert n.沙漠vt.离弃；擅离deserve vt.应受，值得design vt.设计n.设计；图样desirable a.值得相望的；可取的desire vt.相望；要求n.愿望desk n.书桌，办公桌despair n.绝望vi.绝望desperate a.拼死的；绝望的despise vt.鄙视，蔑视despite prep.不管，不顾destination n.目的地，终点；目标destroy vt.破坏；消灭；打破destruction n.破坏，毁灭，消灭detail n.细节；枝节；零件detect vt.察觉，发觉；侦察detection n.察觉，发觉；侦察determination n.决心；决定；硭定determine vt.决定；查明；决心develop vt.发展；形成；开发development n.发展；开发；生长device n.器械，装置；设计devil n.魔鬼，恶魔devise vt.设计，发明devote vt.将…奉献，致力于dew n.露，露水diagram n.图解，图表，简图dial n.钟面；拨号盘vt.拨dialect n.方言，土语，地方话dialog n.对话，对白diameter n.直径diamond n.金钢石，钻石；菱形diary n.日记，日记簿dictate vt.&vi.口授；命令dictation n.口授笔录，听写dictionary n.词典，字典die vi.死，死亡；灭亡differ vi.不同，相异difference n.差别；差；分歧different a.差异的；各种的difficult a.困难的；难对付的difficulty a.困难；难事；困境dig vt.掘，挖；采掘digest vt.消化；领会n.文摘digital a.数字的，计数的diligent a.勤勉的，勤奋的dim a.昏暗的；朦胧的dimension n.尺寸，尺度；面积dinner n.正餐，主餐；宴会dip vt.浸，蘸vi.浸一浸direct a.直接的；直率的direction n.方向，方位；指导directly ad.直接地；立即director n.指导者；理事；导演dirt n.尘，土；污物，污垢dirty a.脏的；下流的disable vt.使无能，使伤残disadvantage n.不利，不利地位disagree vi.有分武；不一致disappear vi.不见，失踪；消失disappoint vt.使失望，使受挫折disaster n.灾难，灾祸；天灾disk n.圆盘，唰片；磁盘discard vt.丢弃，抙弃，遗弃discharge vt.释放；排出n.释放discipline n.纪律；训练vt.训练disclose vt.揭开，揭发；透露discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心discover vt.发现；暴露，显示discovery n.发现；被发现的事物discuss vt.讨论，谈论；论述discussion n.讨论，谈论；论述disease n.病，疾病；病害disguise vi.隐瞒，掩埋n.假装disgust n.厌恶，憎恶dish n.碟，盘子；菜肴dishonour n.不光彩；丢脸的人dislike vt.&n.不喜爱，厌恶dismiss vt.不再耂虑；解雇disorder n.混乱，杂乱；骚乱display vt.陈列，展览；显示disposal n.丢掉，处理，销毁dispose vi.去掉，丢掉；销毁displease vt.使不愉快，使生气dispute vi.争论，争执n.争论dissatisfy vi.使不满，使不平dissolve vt.使溶解；解散distance n.距离，间距；远处distant a.在远处的，疏远的distinct a.与其他不同的distinction n.差别，不同，区分distinguish vt.区别，辨别，认别distress n.忧虑，悲伤；不幸distribute vt.分发，分送；分布distribution n.分发，分配；分布district n.区；地区，区域disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；弄乱ditch n.沟，沟渠，渠道dive vi.跳水；潜水；俯冲diverse a.不一样的，相异的divide vt.分；分配；分开division n.分，分配；除法divorce n.离婚，离异vi.离婚do aux.v. vt.做，干，办dock n.船坞；码头；船厂doctor n.医生，医师；博士document n.公文，文件；证件dog n.狗，犬，犬科动物dollar n.元(货币单位) domestic a.本国的；家庭的donkey n.驴；笨蛋door n.门，通道；一家dorm n.宿舍dormitory n.集体寝室；宿舍dose n.剂量，用量；一剂dot n.点，圆点vt.打点于double a.两倍的；双的doubt n.怀疑；疑虑vt.怀疑doubtful a.难以预测的；怀疑的doubtless ad.无疑地；很可能down ad.向下，在下面downstairs ad.在楼下a.楼下的downward a.向下的ad.向下地dozen n.一打，十二个draft n.草稿；汇票vt.起草drag vt.拖，拉；拖曳dragon n.龙；凶暴的人drain vt.排去；放水n.耗竭drama n.一出戏剧，剧本dramatic a.引人注目的，戏剧的draw vt.画，划；拖；拨出drawer n.抽屉drawing n.图画，素描；绘图dread n.畏惧；恐怖vt.惧怕dream n.梦；梦想vi.做梦dress n.女朋，童装；朋装drift vi.漂流，漂泊n.漂流drill n.钻头；操练vi.钻孔drink vt.饮vi.喝n.饮料drip vi.滴下；漏水n.水滴drive vt.驾驶；打入；驱driver n.驾驶员，司机drop vt.使落下；降低drought n.旱灾，干旱drown vi.淹死，溺死drug n.药，药物，药材drum n.鼓；鼓状物，圆桶drunk a.醉的；陶醉的dry a.干的，干燥的duck n.鸭，雌鸭；鸭肉due a.预期的；应给的。
大学英语四级必背单词
大学英语四级必背单词 11. alter v. 改变，改动，变更2. burst vi. n. 突然发生，爆裂3. dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4. blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸，炸掉5. consume v. 消耗，耗尽6. split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的7. spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃8. spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9. slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略10. slide v.滑落 n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片11. bacteria n. 细菌12. breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔13. budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排14. candidate n. 候选人15. campus n. 校园16. liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17. transform v. 转变，变革；变换18. transmit v. 传播，播送；传递19. transplant v. 移植20. transport vat. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具21. shift v. 转移；转动；转变22. vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化23. vanish vi. 消灭，不见24. swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子25. suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26. suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的27. mild a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28. tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的29. nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）30. insignificant a. 无意义的；无价值的31. accelerate vt. 加速，促进32. absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的33. boundary n. 分界线，边界34. brake n. 刹车，制动器 v. 刹住（车）35. catalog n. 目录（册） v. 编目36. vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37. vain n. 徒劳，白费38. extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39. extraordinary a. 不平常的，非凡的40. extreme a. 极度的 n. 极端，过分41. agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因42. alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43. appeal n. /vi. 呼吁，恳求44. appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏45. approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46. stimulate vt. 刺激，激励47. acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到48.accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行49. network n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50. tide n. 潮汐；潮流51. tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52. trace vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹，踪迹53. torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨54. wander vi. 漫游，闲逛55. wax n. 蜡56. weave v. 织，编57. preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会64. battery n. 电池（组）65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路；路线；航线81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi.易于，趋向88. tendency n.趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳93. adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写 vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学101. organ n. 器官，风琴102. excess n. 过分，过量，过剩103. expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出104. expend v. 消费105. expenditure n. 支出，消费；经费106. expense n. 开销，费用107. expensive a. 花钱多的；价格高贵的108. expand v. 扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀109. expansion n. 扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀110. private a. 私人的，个人的111. individual a. 个别的，单独的 n. 个人，个体112. personal a. 个人的，私人的；亲自的114. personnel n. [总称] 人员，员工；人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予，同意，准予119. grand a. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的120. invade v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭121. acid n. 酸，酸性物质 a. 酸的；尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认；致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算，核算125. calendar n. 日历，月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的，非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的，突出的，显著的129. export n. 出口（物） v. 出口，输出130. import n. 进口（物） v. 进口，输入131. impose vt. 把...加强(on)；采用，利用132. religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的134. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者135. video n. 电视，视频 a. 电视的，录像的136. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把...录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯，触犯138. bother v. 打搅，麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍140. internal a. 内部的，国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先，事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物，辐射144. radical a.根本的；激进的145. range n. 幅度，范围 v. （在某范围内）变动146. wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹 v. 想知道，对...感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立148. issue n. 问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期149. hollow a. 空的，中空的，空虚道150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地；足够152. adhere vi. 粘附，附着；遵守，坚持153. ban vt. 取缔，禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏，捕获155. valid a. 有效的，有根据的；正当的156. valley n. 山谷，峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定；一致的，始终如一的158. continuous a. 继续的，连续（不断）的159. continual a. 不断地，频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增161. exploit v. 剥削；利用，开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增164. explosive a. 爆炸的；极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的，偏僻的166. removal n. 除去，消除167. render vt. 使得，致使167. render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊！168. precaution n. 预防，防备，警惕169. idle a. 懒散的，无所事事的170. identify vt. 认出，鉴定171. identify n. 身份；个性，特性172. poverty n. 贫穷173. resistant a. (to) 抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的174. resolve vt. 解决；决定，决意175. barrel n. 桶176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价177. coarse a. 粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的178. coach n. 教练；长途公共汽车179. code n. 准则，法规，密码180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷，盘绕181. adult n. 成年人182. advertise v. 为...做广告183. advertisement n. 广告184. agency n. 代理商，经销商185. focus v. （使）聚集 n. 焦点，中心，聚焦186. forbid vt. 不许，禁止187. debate n. /v. 辩论，争论188. debt n. 欠债189. decade n. 十年190. enclose vt. 围住；把...装入信封191. encounter vt. /n. 遭遇，遭到192. globe n. 地球，世界；地球仪193. global a. 全球的；总的194. scan vt. 细看；扫描；浏览195. scandal n. 丑事，丑闻196. significance n. 意义；重要性197. subsequent a. 随后的，后来的198. virtue n. 美德，优点199. virtual a. 实际上的，事实上的200. orient vt. 使适应，(to, toward)使朝向 n. 东方大学英语四级必背单词 2201. portion n. 一部分202. target n. 目标，靶子 vt. 瞄准203. portable a. 手提式的204. decline v. 拒绝，谢绝；下降205. illusion n. 错觉206. likelihood n. 可能，可能性207. stripe n. 条纹208. emphasize vt. 强调，着重209. emotion n. 情感，感情210. emotional a. 感情的，情绪（上）的211. awful a. 极坏的，威严的，可怕的212. awkward a. 笨拙的，棘手的213. clue n. 线索，提示214. collision n. 碰撞，冲突215. device n. 装置，设备216. devise vt. 发明，策划，想出217. inevitable a. 不可避免的218. naval a. 海军的219. navigation n. 航行220. necessity n. 必需品；必要性221. previous a. 先，前，以前的222. provision n. [pl.] 给养，口粮；准备，设备，装置223. pursue vt. 追逐；追求；从事，进行224. stale a. 不新鲜的，陈腐的225. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 代替226. deserve vt. 应受，应得，值得227. discrimination n. 歧视；辨别力228. professional a. 职业的，专门的229. secure a. 安全的，可靠的230. security n. 安全，保障231. scratch v. /n. 抓，搔，扒232. talent n. 才能，天资；人才233. insurance n. 保险，保险费234. insure vt. 给...保险，保证，确保235. nevertheless ad. 仍然，然而，不过236. neutral a. 中立的，中性的237. spot n. 地点；斑点 vt. 认出，发现；玷污238. spray v. 喷，（使）溅散239. medium a. 中等的，适中的 n. 媒介物，新闻媒介240. media n. 新闻传媒241. auxiliary a. 辅助的，备用的242. automatic a. 自动的243. compete vi. 竞争，比赛244. competent a. 有能力的，能胜任的245. competition n. 竞争，比赛246. distribute vt. 分发247. disturb vt. 打搅，妨碍248. infer v. 推论，推断249. integrate v. (into, with) （使）成为一体，（使）合并250. moist a. 潮湿251. moisture n. 潮湿252. promote vt. 促进；提升253. region n. 地区；范围；幅度254. register v./n.登记，注册255. stable a. 稳定的256. sophisticated a. 老于世故的，老练的；很复杂的257. splendid a. 极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的258. cancel vt. 取消，废除259. variable a. 易变的，可变的260. prospect n. 前景，前途；景象261. prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣262. aspect n. 方面；朝向；面貌263. cope vi. (with)（成功地）应付，处理264. core n. 果心，核心265. maintain vt. 维持，保持；坚持，主张266. mainland n. 大陆267. discipline n. 纪律；惩罚；学科268. domestic a. 本国的，国内的；家用的；家庭的269. constant a. 不变的，恒定的 n. 常数270. cliff n. 悬崖，峭壁271. authority n. 权威；当局272. audio a. 听觉273. attitude n. 态度274. community n. 社区，社会275. commit vt. 犯（错误，罪行等），干（坏事等）276. comment n. /vt. 评论277. distinguish vt. 区分，辨别278. distress n. 痛苦，悲伤 vt. 使痛苦279. facility n. [pl.] 设备，设施；便利，方便280. faculty n. 能力，技能；系，学科，学院；全体教员281. mixture n. 混合，混合物282. mood n. 心情，情绪；语气283. moral a. 道德上的，有道德的284. prominent a. 突出的285. substance n. 物质；实质286. substantial a. 可观的；牢固的；实质的287. prompt vt. 促使 a. 敏捷的，及时的288. vivid a. 生动的289. vocabulary n. 词汇（量）；词汇表290. venture n. 风险投资，风险项目 v. 冒险；取于291. version n. 版本，译本；说法292. waist n. 腰，腰部293. weld v. /n. 焊接294. yawn vi. 打哈欠295. yield vi. (to)屈服于；让出，放弃 n. 产量296. zone n. 地区，区域297. strategy n. 战略，策略298. strategic a. 战略（上）的，关键的299. tense a. 紧张的 v. 拉紧 n. 时态300. tension n. 紧张（状态），张力301. avenue n. 林荫道，大街302. available a. 现成可用的；可得到的303. comparable a. (with, to) 可比较的，类似的304. comparative a. 比较的，相对的305. dash vi. 猛冲，飞奔306. data n. 数据，资料307. dive vi. 跳水，潜水308. diverse a. 不同的，多种多样的309. entitle vt. 给...权利，给...资格310. regulate vt. 管理，调节311. release vt. /n. 释放，排放；解释解脱312. exaggerate v. 夸大，夸张313. evil a. 邪恶的，坏的314. shrink vi. 起皱，收缩；退缩315. subtract v. 减（去）316. suburb n. 市郊317. subway n. 地铁318. survey n. /vt. 调查，勘测319. wealthy a. 富裕的320. adjust v. 调整，调节321. attach vt. 系，贴；使附属322. profit n. 利润，益处；v. 有益于，有利于323. profitable a. 有利可图的324. slope n. 斜坡，斜面325. reinforce vt. 增强，加强326. reject vt. 拒绝327. fatal a. 致命的；重大的328. fate n. 命运329. humble a. 谦逊的；谦虚的330. illegal a. 不合法的，非法的331. award vt. 授予，判给 n. 奖品，奖金332. aware a. 意识到333. column n. 柱，圆柱；栏，专栏334. comedy n. 喜剧335. dumb a. 哑的；沉默的336. dump vt. 倾卸，倾倒337. deaf a. 聋的；不愿听的338. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜339. principal a. 最重要的 n. 负责人，校长340. principle n. 原则，原理341. prior a. 优先的，在前的342. priority n. 优先，重点343. prohibit vt. 禁止，不准344. remarkable a. 值得注意的，异常的，非凡的345. remedy n. /vt. 补救，医治，治疗346. repetition n. 重复，反复347. vain a. 徒劳的，无效的348. undertake vt. 承担，着手做；同意，答应349. unique a. 唯一的，独特的350. obstacle n. 障碍（物），妨碍大学英语四级必背单词 3351. odd a. 奇特的，古怪的；奇数的352. omit vt. 省略353. opponent n. 敌手，对手354. opportunity n. 机会，时机355. orchestra n. 管弦乐队356. semester n. 学期；半年357. semiconductor n. 半导体358. seminar n. 研讨会359. terminal a. 末端的，极限的 n. 终点360. territory n. 领土361. approximate a. 大概的，大约 v. 近似362. arbitrary a. 随意的，未断的363. architect n. 建筑师364. architecture n. 建筑学365. biology n. 生物学366. geography n. 地理（学）367. geology n. 地质学368. geometry n. 几何（学）369. arithmetic n. 算术370. algebra n. 代数371. entertainment n. 娱乐；招待，款待372. enthusiasm n. 热情，热心373. entry n. 进入，入口处；参赛的人（或物）374. environment n. 环境375. episode n. 插曲，片段376. equation n. 方程（式）377. restrain vt. 阻止，抑制378. restraint n. 抑制，限制379. resume v. （中断后）重新开始380. severe a. 严重的381. sexual a. 性的382. simplicity n. 简单；朴素383. simplify vt. 简化384. sorrow n. 悲哀，悲痛385. stuff n. 原料，材料 vt. 填进，塞满386. temporary a. 暂时的，临时的387. temptation n. 诱惑，引诱388. terror n. 恐怖389. thrust v. 挤，推，插390. treaty n. 条约，协定391. arise vi. 产生，出现，发生；起身392. arouse vt. 引起，激起；唤醒393. burden n. 重担，负荷394. bureau n. 局，办事处395. marvelous a. 奇迹般的，惊人的396. massive a. 大的，大量的，大块的397. mature a. 成熟的398. maximum a. 最高的，最大的399. minimum a. 最低的，最小的400. nonsense n. 胡说，冒失的行动401. nuclear a. 核子的，核能的402. nucleus n. 核403. retail n. /v. /ad. 零售404. retain vt. 保留，保持405. restrict vt. 限制，约束406. sponsor n. 发起者，主办者 vt. 发起，主办，资助407. spur n. /vt. 刺激，激励408. triumph n. 胜利，成功409. tuition n. 学费410. twist vt. 使缠绕；转动；扭歪411. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生412. universal a. 普遍的，通用的；宇宙的413. universe n. 宇宙414. via prep. 经由，经过，通过415. vibrate v. 振动，摇摆416. virus n. 病毒417. voluntary a. 自愿的418. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿（做）419. vote v. 选举 n. 选票420. wagon n. 四轮马车，铁路货车421. appoint vt. 任命，委派422. approach v. 靠近，接近 n. 途径，方式423. appropriate a. 适当的424. bunch n. 群，伙；束，串425. bundle n. 捆，包，束 vt. 收集，归拢426. ceremony n. 典礼，仪式427. chaos n. 混乱，紊乱428. discount n. （价格）折扣429. display n. /vt. 陈列，展览430. equivalent a. 相等的 a. 相等物431. erect a. 竖直的 v. 建造，竖立432. fax n. /vt. 传真433. fertile a. 肥沃的；多产的434. fertilizer n. 肥料435. grateful a. 感激的436. gratitude n. 感激437. horror n. 恐怖438. horrible a. 可怕的439. Internet n. 国际互联网，因特网440. interpret v. 翻译，解释441. interpretation n. 解释，说明442. jungle n. 丛林，密林443. knot n. 结 vt. 把...打成结444. leak v. 漏，渗出445. lean vi. 倾斜，倚，靠446. leap vi. 跳跃447. modify vt. 修改448. nylon n. 尼龙449. onion n. 洋葱450. powder n. 粉末451. applicable a. 可应用的，适当的452. applicant n. 申请人453. breadth n. 宽度454. conservation n. 保存，保护455. conservative a. 保守的456. parallel n. 平行线；可相比拟的事物457. passion n. 激情，热情458. passive a. 被动的，消极的459. pat v. /n. 轻拍，轻打460. peak n. 山峰，顶点461. phenomenon n. 现象462. reluctant a. 不情愿的，勉强的463. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖，指望464. relevant a. 有关的，切题的465. reliable a. 可靠的466. relief n. 轻松，宽慰；减轻467. reputation n. 名气，声誉468. rescue vt. /n. 营救469. triangle n. 三角（形）470. sequence n. 连续；顺序471. shallow a. 浅的472. shiver vi/n. 发抖473. shrug v. /n. 耸肩474. signature n. 签名475. sincere a. 诚挚的，真诚的476. utility n. 功用，效用477. utilize vt. 利用478. utter vt. 说出 a. 完全的，彻底的479. variation n. 变化，变动480. vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆481. applause n. 鼓掌，掌声482. appliance n. 器具，器械483. consent n. 准许，同意 vi (to) 准许，同意484. conquer vt. 征服485. defect n. 缺点，缺陷486. delicate a. 易碎的；娇弱的；精美的487. evolve v.演变488. evolution n. 演变，进化489. frown v. /n. 皱眉490. frustrate vt. 使沮丧491. guarantee vt. /n. 保证492. guilty a. 内疚的；有罪的493. jealous a. 妒忌的494. jeans n. 牛仔裤495. liquor n. 酒，烈性酒496. liter/litre n. 升497. modest a. 谦虚道498. molecule n. 分子499. orbit n. 轨道 v. （绕...）作轨道运行500. participate v. (in) 参与，参加大学英语四级必背单词 4501. particle n. 微粒502. particularly ad. 特别，尤其503. respond vi. 回答，答复；反应504. response n. 回答，答复；反应505. sensible a. 明智的506. sensitive a. 敏感到，灵敏的507. tremble vi. 颤抖508. tremendous a. 巨大的；精彩的509. trend n. 趋向，倾向510. trial n. 审讯；试验511. apparent a. 显然的，明白的512. appetite n. 胃口；欲望513. deposit n. 存款，定金 v.存放，储蓄514. deputy n. 副职，代表515. derive vt. 取得，得到；(from)起源于516. descend v. 下来，下降517. missile n. 导弹518. mission n. 使命；代表团519. mist n.薄雾520. noticeable a. 显而易见到521. notify vt. 通知，告知522. notion n. 概念；意图，想法523. resemble vt. 像，类似于524. reveal vt. 揭露525. revenue n. 收入，岁入；税收526. shelter n. 掩蔽处；住所527. shield n. 防护物，盾 vt. 保护，防护528. vital a. 重要的；致命的，生命的529. vitally ad. 极度，非常；致命地530. urban a. 城市的531. urge vt. 鼓励，激励532. urgent a. 急迫的，紧急得533. usage n. 使用，用法534. violence n. 强力，暴力535. violent a. 强暴的536. violet a. 紫色的537. weed n. 杂草，野草538. welfare n. 福利539. whatsoever ad. （用于否定句）任何540. whereas conj. 然而，但是，尽管541. essential a. 必不可少的；本质的542. estimate n. /vt. 估计，估量543. evaluate vt. 评估，评价544. exceed vt. 超过，越出545. exceedingly ad. 非常，极其546. exclaim v. 呼喊，大声说547. exclude vt. 把...排斥在外，不包括548. exclusive a. 读有的，排他的549. excursion n. 远足550. flash vi. 闪光，闪耀551. flee vi. 逃走552. flexible a. 易弯曲的553. flock n. 羊群，（鸟兽等）一群；一伙人554. hardware n. 五金器具555. harmony n. 和谐，融洽556. haste n. 急速，急忙557. hatred n. 憎恶，憎恨558. incident n. 事件，事变559. index n. 索引，标志560. infant n. 婴儿561. infect v. 传染562. inferior a. 劣等的，次的，下级的563. infinite a. 无限的564. ingredient n. 组成部分565. inhabitant n. 居民566. jail n. 监狱567. jam n. 果酱；拥挤，堵塞568. jewel n. 宝石569. joint a.连接的；共同的570. junior a. 年少的；资历较浅的571. laser n. 激光572. launch vt. 发动，发起573. luxury n. 奢侈；奢侈品574. magnet n. 磁铁，磁体575. male a. 男性的，雄的576. female a. 女性的，雌的577. manual a. 用手的，手工做的 n. 手册578. manufacture vt. /n. 制造，加工579. marine a. 海的；海产的580. mutual a. 相互的581. naked a. 裸露的582. negative a. 否定的，消极的583. neglect vt. 忽视，忽略584. origin n. 起源，出身585. oval a. 椭圆形的 n. 椭圆形586. outset n. 开始，开端587. presumably ad. 大概，可能588. prevail vi. 流行，盛行589. quit v. 停止590. quotation n. 引文，引语591. recreation n. 娱乐活动592. recruit vt. 招募，吸收（新成员）593. rival n. 竞争对手，敌手594. shuttle n. 梭子；航天飞机595. skim vt. 搬（去），掠过；浏览596. sketch n. 草图；梗概597. slender a. 苗条的，修长的598. theme n. 主题599. textile n. 纺织品600. tropical a. 热情的，炎热的601. kneel vi. 跪602. label n. 标签603. merchant n. 商人604. mere a. 仅仅的，只不过的；纯粹的605. nuisance n. 令人讨厌的东西（或人）606. numerous a. 众多的，许多的607. parade n. 游行 v. 列队行进608. pants [pl.] n. 长裤；内裤609. partial a. 部分的610. passport n. 护照611. prescribe vt. 开药，吩咐采用...疗法612. primitive a. 原始的，早期的613. ridge n. 脊，山脊，埂614. ridiculous a. 可笑的，荒漠的615. redid a. 严格的；僵硬的616. withstand vt. 经受，承受617. witness n. 目击者；证据 vt. 注意到；证明618. withdraw v. 收回，撤销619. slippery a. 滑的620. smash vt. 粉碎，打烂621. snap n. /vt. 折断，拉断；快照622. software n. 软件623. solar a. 太阳的624. lunar a. 月的，月球的625. submerge vi. 潜入水中626. submit vi. (to)屈服，听从627. timber n. 木材，原木628. tissue n. 组织；薄纱，手巾纸629. title n. 题目，标题630. tone n. 语气，音调631. drift vi. 漂，漂流632. drip n. 滴633. durable a. 耐用的，持久的634. duration n. 持续，持续期间635. dusk n. 黄昏，薄暮636. leather n. 皮革637. legislation n. 法律，法规；立法638. leisure n. 闲暇；悠闲639. loose a. 松的，宽松的640. loosen v. 解开，放松641. tannest a. 认真的，诚挚的642. earthquake n. 地震643. echo n. 回音，回声644. elaborate a. 精心设计的，复杂的645. elastic n. 橡皮圈（带） a. 有弹性的646. elbow n. 肘647. electron n. 电子648. volcano n. 火山649. volume n. 卷，册；体积，容量650. fatigue n. 疲劳，劳累651. faulty a. 有错误的，有缺点的652. favorable a. 称赞道；有利的，顺利的653. favorite a. 特别受喜欢的 n. 喜爱的人或物654. gallery n. 画廊655. gallon n. 加仑656. gap n. 间隔，差距657. garbage n. 垃圾，废物658. gaze v. 凝视，注视659. gear n. 齿轮，传动装置660. gene n. 基因661. lest conj. 唯恐，免得662. liable a. 可能的，大概的； (to) 易于... 663. liberal a. 自由得664. liberty n. 自由665. license/license n. 许可证，执照666. moisture n. 潮湿667. motivate vt. 激励，激发668. motive n. 动机，目的669. generate vt. 生成，产生（光、热、电等）670. genius n. 天才，天赋671. genuine a. 真的，真诚的672. gasoline n. 汽油673. germ n. 微生物，细菌674. gesture n. 姿势，手势675. giant a. 巨大的 n. 巨人，巨物676. glimpse n. 一瞥，一看677. glory n. 光荣，荣誉678. glorious n. 光荣的，极好的679. golf n. 高尔夫球运动680. hydrogen n. 氢681. oxygen n. 氧682. hostile a. 敌对的，敌意大683. household n. 家庭，户684. hook n. 钩685. holy a. 神圣地，圣洁的686. hint n. 暗示，示意687. hesitate v. 犹豫688. highlight vt. 强调，突出689. hence ad. 因此，所以；今后，从此690. herd n. 兽群，牧群691. deliberately adv. 故意的692. attraction n. 吸引，吸引力693. destructive adj. 破坏性的694. starvation n. 饥饿，饿死695. exhaustion n. 竭力，疲惫696. strike n. 罢工 v.打击，罢工697. strength n. 力量，力气698. await vt. 等候699. deportation n. 放逐700. identification n.鉴别，证明。
历年大学英语四级(第一套)真题
大学英语四级真题（卷一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It was dangerous to live in. C) He could no longer pay the rent.B) It was going to be renovated. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A strike. C) A forest fire.B) A storm. D) A terrorist attack.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were trapped in an underground elevator.C) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.4. A) They tried hard to repair the elevator.B) They released the details of the accident.C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.D) They provided the miners with food and water.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just heard.。
大学英语英语四级(含答案) (1)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1.She wants to know whether the measures have been agreed______.A.toB.withC.aboutD.upon2.He felt it rather difficult to make a stand_____the opinion of the majority.A.againstB.byC.toD.in3.When my aunt lost her cat last summer,it turned______a week later at a house in the next village.A.inB.outC.upD.over4.To our delight,she quickly adapted herself_______this situation.A.withB.ofC.toD.into5.If there is space available,the deadline for applying________an undergraduate college or school may be extended.A.inB.onC.forD.to6.The TV station probably will be back_______no earlier than this afternoon because of difficulties in locating a part.A.in the airB.on the airC.in airD.to the air7.He is indifferent______hardships and dangers.A.ofB.atC.inD.to8.You can't go_______your promise now;we are depending on you.A.back ofB.back onC.off withD.out of9.I knew her______but I have never actually spoken to her.A.from sightB.in sightC.by sightD.on sight10.Sugar is good_______most people,but harmful________diabetics.A.for,toB.to,forC.for,inD.to,with11.You don't have to worry________we are here.A.whileB.even ifC.thoughD.until12.The teachers whispered_______they should disturb the students.A.in order thatB.provided thatC.in caseD.with the result that13.The reason for my long absence from class was______I was ill for 2weeks.A.thatB.due toC.becauseD.why14.John is probably the most popular masculine name in the Western world, _____it is spelled differently in different languages.A.in spite ofB.ifC.whenD.although15.______so-called"art"or"serious"music,modern jazz is not completely written down before it is played.A.AsB.UnlikeC.AlikeD.Not as16.I shall be busy next Monday,I______classes the whole morning and _______a lecture in the afternoon.A.have,attend C.would have,would attendB.am having,would attend D.shall be having,shall be attending17.The boss ordered that the goods______delivered at once.A.would beB.beC.must beD.were18.Every morning my little dog is the first____up at my bed and gentiy wake me up.()A.Turns isB.to turnC.Turn toD.turning19.--i introduce myself?My name is Meg Johnson.()Nice to meet you,Mr.Johnson.A.Must isB.ShouldC.Need netD.Mays20.The boss made them.___ten hours day.()A.worked toB.workingC.workD.to work二、翻译（共5小题，每小题3分；共计15分）1、所有的窗户都开着，他就睡着了。
21年6月大学英语四级考试真题1答案
21年6月大学英语四级考试真题1答案Answer Key for June 2021 College English Test for CET-4Reading Comprehension1. D) Talking about things seen from different angles can help find solutions to problems.2. A) To warn readers about the negative effects of excessive use of digital devices.3. B) They lack the skills to manage emotions and handle conflicts.4. C) It can be fun and productive.5. B) They tend to communicate directly and openly with each other.6. D) It is inauthentic because people use it as a means to an end, not as an end in itself.7. D) Offer practical solutions to alleviate the problem.8. A) The Wall Street Journal.9. B) Readers who are interested in investment.10. C) It recommends some sound investment strategies.11. C) Population decline.12. D) The isolation of young people.Cloze Test13. A) quite14. D) potential15. C) naturally16. B) scams17. A) discourage18. D) research19. C) shattered20. B) exposedTranslation21. Looking back at the history of the company, we can see that technological innovation has always been the driving force behind its growth. (创新)22. It is high time that we took measures to protect the environment for the sake of future generations. (措施)23. The economy is expected to grow steadily in the second half of the year despite the challenges posed by the pandemic. (挑战)24. The government has launched a campaign to crack down on corruption in order to create a fairer society. (打击)25. We should make the most of our time in college to broaden our knowledge and develop our skills. (利用)WritingPart I: Writing (30 minutes)26. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.Suppose you are a student volunteer of the school charity club, write a letter to the principal Mr. Wang to:1) express your thanks for his support to the charity activities;2) report the success of your recent charity bazaar;3) make suggestions for future charity events.Dear Principal Wang,I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude for your unwavering support for the charity club and our activities. Your guidance and encouragement have been instrumental in ensuring the success of our endeavors.I am pleased to inform you that our recent charity bazaar was a resounding success, raising a substantial amount of funds for those in need. Through the collective efforts of our club members and generous donations from our school community, we were able to make a significant impact on the lives of the less fortunate.Looking ahead, I would like to suggest some ideas for future charity events. Firstly, we could organize a charity run to raise awareness and funds for a specific cause. This would not only promote physical fitness but also foster a sense of unity and solidarity among our students. Additionally, we could collaborate with local businesses to sponsor charity auctions or raffles, creating opportunities for greater community involvement and support.In conclusion, I believe that with your continued support and our collective determination, we can make a meaningful difference in the lives of those who need it most. Thank you once again for your leadership and dedication to our cause.Sincerely,[Your Name]Overall, the answer key for the June 2021 College English Test for CET-4 provided above will help students assess their performance and improve their English skills. Good luck on your future exams!。
大学英语四级试卷(答案) (1)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1.He is______a ballplayer.A.as good if not better than his brother asB.as good as if not better than his brother asC.as good as,not better than his brother likeD.as good as if not better than his brother as for2.Coal,though______than either oil or gas,is still a finite resource.A.much energy more abundant sourceB.the much more energy abundant sourceC.a much more abundant energy sourceD.energy source more abundant3.Only in recent years have people begun to realize that wild dogs,kept within bounds,often do______.A.better than harmfulB.better not more harmfulC.more good than harmD.better than they do harmfully4.Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is______of its liquid.A.than the higher densityB.higher than the densityC.the density is higher than thatD.the higher the density5.Liberals tend to favour______conservatives do.A.more than immediate social changeB.change more immediate than socialC.more immediate social change thanD.social change more than immediate6.Light comes in_______the window.A.byB.throughC.out ofD.in7.The young worker expressed the indignation_______being dismissed without any reason.A.forB.atC.toD.of8.Science has brought_______many changes in our life.A.outB.intoC.aboutD.forward9.______onetime,Manchester,New Hampshire,was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.A.OnB.AtC.ByD.To10.If something is out_______the question,it is impossible.A.ofB.toC.withD.in11.She told me that an earthquake______in my hometown.A.occurredB.had occurredC.was occurredD.has occurred12.Have you got used______in a totally strange country?A.to liveB.to have livedC.to livingD.to be living13.We’d rather you______the account tomorrow.A.settledB.settleC.would settleD.will settle14.______the large amount of time devoted to listening every day,most collegestudents do not listen effectively.A.MoreoverB.NeverthelessC.DespiteD.Furthermore15.The Smithsonian Institution preserves more than sixty-five million items of scientific,historical,or artistic interest,______winning the popular title"attic of the nation."A.howeverB.thusC.andD.moreover16.If the sun______,the players could have finished the game.A.had shineB.did shineC.were shiningD.had shone17.If she______the measles,she could have gone to the park.A.hadn'tB.hadn't hadC.had hadD.haven't18.If we_______,we could have made it.A.had worked hardB.would have worked hardC.did worked hardD.work hard19.The policemen would have caught the murderer_______a few minutesearlier.A.were they to arriveB.had they arrivedC.if they should have arrivedD.if they would have arrived20.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,he_______ our chairman now.A.must have beenB.would have beenC.wereD.would be二、完型填空（共计20分）There are more than forty universities in Britain—nearly twice as many as in1960.During the1960s eight completely new ones were founded,and ten other new ones were created1converting oldcolleges of technologys into universities.In the same period the2of students more than doubled, from70,000to3than200,000.By1973about10%of men aged from eighteen 4twenty-one were inuniversities and about5%of women.All the universities are private institutions.Each has its5governing councils, 6some local businessmen and local politicians as7a few academics(大学教师).The statebegan to give grants to them fifty years8,and by1970 each university derived nearly all its9from stategrants.Students have to10fees and living costs,but every student may receive from the local authorityof the place11he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs,including lodging and12unless his parents are 13.Most14take jobs in the summer15about six weeks,but they do notnormallydo outside16during the academic year.The Department of Education takes17for the payment whichcover the whole expenditure of the18,but it does not exercise direct control.It can have an important influence19new developments through its power to distribute funds,but it takes the advice of theUniversity Grants Committee,a body which is mainly20of academics.1.A.with B.by C.at D.into2.A.amount B.quantity C.lot D.number3.A.more B.much C.less D.fewer4.A.with B.to C.from D.beyond5.A.self B.kind C.own D.personal6.A.making B.consisting C.including D.taking7.A.good B.long C.little D.well8.A.ago B.before C.after D.ever9.A.suggestions B.grades C.profits D.funds10.A.make B.pay C.change D.delay11.A.what B.which C.where D.how12.A.living B.drinking C.food D.shelter13.A.poor B.generous C.kindhearted D.rich14.A.professors B.students C.politicians D.businessmen15.A.at B.since C.with D.for16.A.travel B.work C.experiment D.study17.A.responsibility B.advice C.duty D.pleasureernment B.school C.universities mittees19.A.at B.to C.on D.form20.A.consisted posed C.made D.taken三、阅读理解：(共25分)George Washington did not wish to commute far from Mount Vernon c.a tidal river nearby made for easy ocean access d.Virginia wanted to get rid of some land PETS3Text1After a busy day of work and play,the body needs to rest.Sleep is necessary for good health.During this time,the body recovers from the activities of the previous day.The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep,each being a little deeper than the one before.As you sleep,your muscles relax little by little.Your heart beats more slowly,and your brain slows down.After you reach the fourth level,your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.Although your mind slows down,from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs,your eyeballs begin to move more quickly(Although your eyelids are closed).This stage of sleep is called REM,which stands for rapid eye movement.If you have trouble falling asleep,some people recommend breathing very deeply.Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make youdrowsy.There is also an old suggestion the counting sheep will put you to sleep!1.A good title for this is____.A.SleepC.DreamsB.Good HealthD.Work and Rest2.The word drowsy in the last paragraph means____.A.sickC.asleepB.stand upD.a little sleepy3.This suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you_____.A.dream more often C.nervousB.have poor health D.breathe quickly4.During REM,____.A.your eyes move quickly C.you are restlessB.you dreamD.both A and B5.The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is______.A.approximately six hoursB.around ten hoursC.about eight hoursD.not stated here四、书面表达：草拟一份中学通知，用一段话说明以下要点：参观日期：5月25日，星期天时间：早上8点钟出发。
2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: In this task, you are to write an essay on the importance of developing a healthy lifestyle among college students. You will have 30 minutesfor the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A free car show.B) A yearly concert.C) A pipe band contest.D) A sports competition.2. A) Contribute a lot to the local economy.B) Improve the image of Glasgow city.C) Enrich the local culture of Glasgow.D) Entertain people in local communities.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Dangerous ice melts in Greenland.B) Surprising rise in global sea levels.C) Changing weather patterns in summer.D) Record growth of Greenland’s ice sheets.4. A) It lasted three months.B) It began in late May.C) It ended a month earlier than before.D) It started a month earlier than usualQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Local policemen came across bundles of £20 notes.B) Bundles of £20 notes kept turning up.C) A villager was searching for his lost cash.D) A bundle containing thousands of pounds got stolen.6. A) They return it to the finder.B) They give it to charity.C) They place a notice in The Northern Echo.D) They hand it over to the local government.7. A) They cooperated well with the police.B) They enjoyed a fairly affluent life.C) They had a strong community spirit.D) They were puzzled by the mysterySection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Atthe end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Excited.B) Strange.C) Delighted.D) Indifferent.9. A) Talk about future plans with friends.B) Look back on their years at school.C) Call on their relatives and friends.D) Search for the meaning of their life.10. A) He looks forward to receiving presents from his close friends.B) He enjoys celebrating others ’ birthdays rather than his own.C) He loves them but does not want to make a fuss.D) He prefers to have them shown on social media.11. A) Extend invitation to those he trusts most.B) Make it an occasion to collect donations.C) Hold it on a modest scale to remove birthday anxieties.D) View it as a chance for people to socialize and have funQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) There was too long a delay.B) There was a terrible smell.C) It was absolutely exhausting.D) She got off at the wrong station.13. A) She hasn’t saved enough m oney.B) She is used to taking public transport.C) She is worried about traffic jams.D) She hasn’t passed the driving test yet.14. A) They are popular.B) They are a bit expensive for her.C) They are dangerous.D) They are environmentally friendly.15. A) By renting a bike.B) By sharing a ride.C) By bus.D) By joggingSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of e ach passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the f our choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) He is a deaf person working in IT.B) He is a sign language interpreter.C) He doesn’t like speaking at meetings.D) He doesn’t use email or text messa ges.17. A) Big advances in sign language.B) Transformation in the IT industry.C) Improved communication skills.D) Speech recognition technology.18. A) He can avoid being mistaken.B) He can understand with ease.C) He can take notes on the spot.D) He can see the speakers ’ images.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) To find pure white walls shining.B) To enter a house well looked after.C) To see cheerful colours all around.D) To get a hug from family members20. A) Painting the interior of their cupboards.B) Doing the painting job all by themselves.C) Designing all window frames the same way.D) Choosing a colour because it is fashionable.21. A) Paint the wooden frameworks and walls the same colour.B) Match the room’s ceiling with all the furniture in colou r.C) Hang landscape paintings all round.D) Fit most of the cupboards into walls.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Children should start reading at age 3.B) Reading to their children is important.C) Reading is a habit every child can develop.D) Children must read at least 3 times a week.23. A) The speed of their brain development in infancy.B) The number of books they have read by age four.C) The number and quality of books parents read to them in infancy.D) The quality and quantity of time parents spend playing with them.24. A) Books telling very interesting stories.B) Books with pictures of dolls and toys.C) Books describing the lives of animals.D) Books with specifically labeled images.25. A) Share experience with other parents.B) Create picture books for their children.C) Choose carefully what to read to their children.D) Read as many books as possible to their children.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You arerequired to select one word f or each blank f rom a list of choices given in aword bank f ollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once .Phones influence all aspects of teenage life. Ninety-five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have a smartphone or have access to one, and nearly half report using the internet “almost 26 .”But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested, many teens find much of that time to be unsatisfyingly spent. Continuous 27 shouldn’t be mistaken for endless enjoyment. A new 28 representative survey about “screen time and device distractions”from the Pew Research Center indicates that it’s not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly 29 from their phones—many teens themselvesdo too. Fifty-four percent of the 13-to- 17-year-olds surveyed said they spendtoo much time 30 in their phones.Vicky Rideout, who runs a research firm that studies children’s interactions with media and technology, was not surprised by this finding.She says it’s hardly 31 to teenagers. “They are dealing with the same challenges that adults are, as far as they are living in the 32 of a tech environment designed to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible,” Rideout says.The way parents interact with technology can 33 the way they interact with their kids. Rideout thus thinks it’s up to parents to model good 34 : Kids tend to take note if their parents put their phone away at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep. Witnessing habitslike that can help kids “realize that they can 35 some more controlover their devices,” she says.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Evil GeniusA) A few years ago I found myself teaching a university class on evil. Itwas for third-year criminology students to help them contextualize theory and research within controversial current topics. It was a huge success.The debates were heated and interesting. I could see people’s viewschange within the course of a single lecture. Over the past 13 years, as a student, lecturer and researcher, I’ve enjoyed discussing the science of evil with anyone willing to listen. What I like most is destroying thecliche (陈词滥调) of good and evil, and replacing them with scientific insight. We need a more informed way of discussing behavior that atfirst we cannot, or should not, begin to understand.B) Without understanding, we risk dehumanizing others, writing off humanbeings simply because we don’t comprehend them. We must try tounderstand what we have labeled evil. We tend to think evil is something that other people are. We think of ourselves as “good people”,and even when we do morally wrong things, we understand the context of ourdecisions. With others, however, it is far easier to write them off. If their actions deviate (偏离) substantially from what we consider acceptable, we may label them evil. We need to be careful with this. Calling someoneevil is often similar to saying they cannot change, and perhaps aren’t evena human at all. However, when you actually go monster-hunting, and youlook deeply at the people behind shocking behavior, you may be surprised.C) As a child I used to love the Scooby-Doo cartoons. Arriving in their“Mystery Machine”, the gang would have to find a monster who wasterrorizing a neighborhood. They would run around looking for cluesand at the end unmask the bad guy. It was always a normal person in a costume. There were no monsters. Like the Scooby crew, we may find ourselves hunting for an easy fix, one word for people who do badthings. But if we take a good look, the word “evil”is insufficient—there are no simple explanations for why humans do bad things: instead there are many, and they are all marvelously different.D) Evil is typically referred to when there is deviance from social norms:formal deviance is the violation of laws, like theft, murder, and attacks, while informal deviance involves violations of social norms, like lying. Evil behavior is typically thought to embrace one or both forms. However, deviance can also describe a behavior that simply differs from the norm.E) Perhaps this is where we can find the good side of our bad side. Deviatingfrom the norm can make us villains (恶棍), but it can also make us heroes.A child deviates from social pressures when they stand up for anotherchild being bullied in school. A soldier deviates when they choose not to follow orders to kill an innocent civilian. An employee in a big techcompany deviates when they expose its wrongdoings.F) Creativity is also a deviation. Here, too, things are complex. Thinkingcreatively has given us modern medicine, technology and modern political structures, but it has also given us poison and nuclear weapons. Great benefit and great harm can come from the same human tendency.G) In a research paper, Evil Genius, published in 2014, the behavioralscientists Francesca Gino and Scott Wiltermuth wanted to examinewhether people who behave unethically in one task are more creativethan others on a subsequent task, even after controlling for differences in baseline creative skills. The unethical behavior they chose wasdishonesty.H) Over five experiments researchers gave participants tasks in which theycould cheat. In one study, they were given matrixes (矩阵) and had to find two numbers that added up to 10. Participants were asked to self-report how well they did at the end of the study: 59% cheated by saying that they solved more matrixes than they actually had.I) After each task, the researchers measured participants ’performanceon the Remote Associates Test. This shows participants three words at a time that appear to be unrelated, and the person has to think of a fourth word that is associated with all of them. For example, you might get “Fox, Man, Peep”,or “Dust,Cereal, Fish”. In order to find the linking words (“Hole” for the first, “Bowl” for the second) you need to becreative. The more you get right, the more creative you are thought to be because you have come up with uncommon associations.J) For every one of the five studies, they found the same thing—participants who cheated in the first task did better on the creativity task. Why? Like other forms of unethical behavior, lying means breaking rules. It involves being deviant, going against the social principle that people should tell the truth. Similarly, being creative involves “thinking outside the box”, deviating from expectations. They involve similar thought patterns, so stimulating one stimulates the other. Can we learn from this? Perhaps. To be more creative, we could try lying in controlled environment. Find online logic games and cheat at them, play Scrabble (拼字游戏) with a dictionary, or write a story about something that is untrue? Such tasks can get our brains thinking flexibly, beyond our normal comfort zone. This is not a call to become a compulsive (强迫性的) liar, but a controlled liar.K) In addition to benefits for creativity, deviance can be a good thing in other ways. Even Philip Zimbardo, the author of the Stanford prison experiment, who showed how easily we can be led to behave badly, believes that thefuture of deviance research may lie more in understanding extreme pro-social behavior, such as heroism. Like evil, we often view heroism as only a possibility for outliers—for people who are abnormal. But Zimbardo asks: “What if the capability to act heroically is also fundamentally ordinary and available to all of us?” Some say we should never meet our heroes, lest they disappoint us when we find out how normal they are. But this should beliberating, not disappointing. We are all capable of behaving likeoutliers. It’s time for us to understand deviance, and realize its potential for good as well as for harm.36. A behavior that does not conform to social norms may be described as being deviant.37. Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in the creativity test.38. People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us.39. The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationship between dishonesty and creativity.40. The author’s lectures sparked lively discussi ons in his class.41. The researchers tested the participants ’ creativity by asking them to play a word game.42. It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good and harm to individuals and society.43. The reasons for people’s evil behaviors can be explained in more ways than one.44. The math task in one experiment was designed to test participants ’tendency to cheat. 45. Some creative ideas have turned out to do harm to human society.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Even though we are living in an age where growing old is thought of as an inevitable misery, this doctor has been changing the game for seniors over the last 25 years.It all started in 1991 when the Harvard-educated physician was transferred from working in a stressful emergency room to being the medical director of a nursing home in upstate New York. The depressing and regimented (严格管制的) environment got him thinking on what exactly could improve the residents ’ conditions.Even though animals in nursing homes were illegal at the time, Dr. Bill Thomas took a chance. Based on a hunch (直觉), he brought in two dogs, fourcats, hens, rabbits, 100 birds, a multitude of plants, a flower garden, and a vegetable patch.The change was dramatic. There was a 50% drop in medical prescriptions along with a dramatic decrease in death rates—but most importantly, the residents were simply happier.Dr. Thomas’s approach, named the Eden Alternative, has driven nursing homes to allow a more autonomous (自主的) and creative living space for their elderly. It erases the belief that growing old means growing useless. He encourages residents to think of their age as an enriching new phase of life rather than the end of it.Thomas, now a speaker and author of several books, also created small, independently-run residences with their own bedrooms and bathrooms, and he has been preaching a singular message that getting old is not a bad thing.“Within six weeks, they had to send a truck around to pick up allthe wheelchairs,” Thomas told theWashington Post. “You know why most people in nursing homes use wheelchairs? Because the buildings are so big.”The 56-year-old doctor’s methods have been adopted in Australia, Japan, Canada, and America with enormous success. Last year he published Second Wind: Navigating the Passage to a Slower, Deeper, and More Connected Life, a guide on how to shift our perspectives on aging and growth.He is currently traveling through North America performing with his guitar and his enthusiasm on his Age of Disruption Tour.46. What has Bill Thomas been doing for a quarter of a century?A) Transforming people’s lifestyle.B) Honoring his Harvard education.C) Changing people’s philosophy of life.D) Shifting people’s perspective on aging.47. Why did Bill Thomas try something different in the nursing home?A) He wanted to make it more pleasant for seniors.B) He wanted to apply his Harvard training to practice.C) He felt it his duty to revolutionize its management.D) He felt disappointed working in the environment.48. What do we learn about Bill Thomas bringing animals and plants into the nursing home? A) He made a mess of the nursing home.B) He did something all professionals would do.C) He won instant support from the state authorities.D) He acted in violation of the state law.49. What has Bill Thomas been persistently advocating?A) Good health is not just a privilege of the young.B) Nursing homes should be strictly limited in size.C) Getting old is by no means something miserable.D) Residences for seniors should be run independently.50. How is Bill Thomas’s new conc ept received?A) It is gaining ground in many countries.B) It is being heatedly debated worldwide.C) It is considered revolutionary everywhere.D) It is winning approval from the government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Research shows that in developed countries, more affluent and educated people tend to consume higher quality diets—including more fruits and vegetables, fish and whole grains. On the contrary, economically disadvantaged people report diets that are nutrient-poor and energy-dense. They are less likely to have food purchasing habits that conform to public health recommendations.These dietary differences are often accompanied by higher rates of obesity and diabetes among lower income people. This relationship between social class and diet quality and health is extensively documented. However, the research does not explain why this is the case—a question that has significant implications for designing effective policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.Public-health initiatives to promote healthy diets often focus on providing nutrition education and recipes (食谱). These approaches, however ，often presume less food literacy (i. e. food knowledge and skills) among low-income people. Are unhealthy diets really the result of poor choices, limited food skills and knowledge?Research suggests that adults in food-insecure households are just as likely as those in food-secure households to adjust recipes to make them more healthy. They are also just as proficient in food preparation andcooking skills. There is no indication that increasing food skills or budgeting skills will reduce food insecurity.Instead, disadvantaged groups are constrained by their economic, material and social circumstances. For example, low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada, where one in eight households experiences insufficient access to nutritious foods.It’s well-established that food prices are an important determinantof food choice. Low-income households report that they find it difficult to adopt dietary guidelines because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.When researchers estimate the cost of diets people actually eat, higher-quality diets are typically more costly.While this may be so, it does not, in itself, prove that healthy diets are necessarily more expensive or cost prohibitive. After all, not all socioeconomically disadvantaged people consume poor diets.We can easily think of a number of foods and recipes that are both inexpensive and nutritious. The internet is full of recipes for “eating well on a budget.”51. What can we learn from research on diets in developed countries?A) Dietary recommendations are not fit for underprivileged people.B) People from different social groups vary in their dietary habits.C) People’s choice of food depends on their individual taste.D) There is no consensus on what high-quality diets are.52. What does the author say is important in formulating policies to improve diets and health?A) A better understanding of the relationship between social class and health.B) A greater emphasis on studying the cause of obesity and chronic diseases.C) Prioritizing the provision of better nutrition for lower classes.D) Designing education programs and initiatives on public health.53. What does research reveal about adults in food-insecure households?A) Their eating habits need to be changed.B) Their food literacy has been improving.C) They do not pay much attention to their food recipes.D) They do not lack food knowledge or budgeting skills.54. What would help improve food security among the disadvantaged groups in Canada?A) Teaching them budgeting skills.B) Increasing their food choices.C) Enabling them to have more access to nutritious foods.D) Taking more effective measures to increase food supplies.55. What does the author suggest disadvantaged people do to improve their health? A) Adopt a positive attitude towards dietary guidelines.B) Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.C) Make sure to purchase healthy foods on the internet.D) Change their eating habits and consumption patterns.Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国农历中，立秋（Start of Autumn）意味着夏天的结束和秋天的开始。
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大学英语四级单词Zzeal n.热心，热情，热忱zealous a.热心的，热情的zebra n.斑马zero n.零；零点，零度zone n.地区，区域，范围Yyawn vi.打呵欠n.呵欠yearly a.每年的ad.一年一度yell vi.叫喊yellow a.黄(色)的n.黄(色)yield vt.&vi.出产n.产量youth n.青春；青年们；青年youthful a.年轻的，青年的XX-ray n.X射线，X光Qqualify vt.使具有资格quality n.质量；品质，特性quantity n.量，数量，分量quarrel n.争吵，吵架，口角quart n.夸脱(=2品脱)quarter n.四分之一；一刻钟quarterly a.季度的ad.季度地queer a.奇怪的，古怪的queue n.行列vi.排队等候quick a.快的；敏捷的quicken vt.加快vi.加快quiet a.寂静的；安静的quilt n.被(子)quit vt.离开，退出；停止quite ad.完全；相当；的确quiz n.小型考试，测验quotation n.引用；引文；报价单quote vt.引用，引证；报价Jjacket n.短上衣，茄克衫jail n.监狱vi.监禁jam n.果酱jam vt.使塞满；使堵塞January n.一月jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶jaw n.颌，颚jazz n.爵士音乐，爵士舞曲jealous a.妒忌的；猜疑的jet n.喷气式飞机；喷嘴jewel n.宝石；宝石饰物jewish a.犹太人的job n.职业；工作；零活join vt.参加；连接joint n.接头，接缝；关节joke n.笑话vi.说笑话jolly a.快活的；令人高兴的journal n.日报，杂志；日志journalist n.记者，新闻工作者journey n.旅行，旅程n.旅行joy n.欢乐，喜悦；乐事joyful a.十分喜悦的，快乐的judge n.法官；裁判员judgement n.意见；审判；判断juice n.(水果等)汁，液jump vi.跳；暴涨vt.跳过jungle n.丛林，密林，莽丛junior a.年少的n.晚辈jury n.陪审团；评奖团justice n.正义，公正；司法justify vt.证明…是正当的Kkeen a.热心的；激烈的keeper n.看护人；饲养员kettle n.水壶，水锅keyboard n.键盘kick vi.&vt.&n.踢kilogram n.千克，公斤kilometer n.千米，公里kingdom n.王国；领域，界kiss vt.吻vi.接吻n.吻kitchen n.厨房，灶间kite n.风筝knee n.膝，膝盖，膝关节kneel vi.跪，跪下，跪着knife n.小刀，刀，餐刀knit vt.把…编结vi.编织knob n.门把，拉手；旋纽knock vi.&vt.&n.敲，击，打knot n.(绳的)结，(树的)节knowledge n.知识，学识；知道Uugly a.丑陋的；可怕的ultimate a.最后的，最终的ultimately ad.最终，最后umbrella n.伞，雨伞unbearable a.难堪的，忍受不了的uncertain a.无常的；不确定的uncomfortable a.不舒服的；不自在的unconscious a.不省人事的uncover vt.揭开…的盖子undergo vt.经历，经受，忍受undergraduate n.大学肆业生underground a.地下的；秘密的underline vt.划线于…之下underneath ad.在下面，在底下understand vt.懂；获悉vi.懂得understanding n.理解；理解力；协定undertake vt.从事；承担；保证undertaking n.任务，事业；许诺undo vt.解开，打开；取消undoubtedly ad.无容置疑，肯定地uneasy a.心神不安的，忧虑的unexpected a.想不到的，意外的unfair a.不公平的，不公正的unfortunate a.不幸的；可取的unfortunately ad.不幸地uniform a.一样的n.制服union n.联合；团结；协会unique a.唯一的，独一无二的unit n.单位；单元；部件unite vi.联合vt.使联合unity n.单一；统一；团结universal a.宇宙的；普遍的universe n.宇宙，世界university n.大学，综合性大学unjust a.非正义的；不公平的unkind a.不仁慈的，不和善的unknown a.不知道的；未知的unlike a.不同的prep.不象…unlikely a.未必的，未必可能的unload vt.卸(货) vi.卸货unlucky a.不幸的；不吉的unnecessary a.不必要的，多余的unpleasant a.令人不快的，讨厌的unsatisfactory a.不能令人满意的unstable a.不稳固的；不稳定的unsuitable a.不合适的，不适宜的unusual a.不平常的；独特的unusually a.不平常地，非常unwilling a.不愿意的upright a.垂直的；正直的upset vt.弄翻，打翻，倾覆upside-down a.颠倒的，乱七八糟的upstairs ad.在楼上a.楼上的up-to-date a.直到最近的，现代的urge vt.推进；催促n.冲动urgent a.紧急的；强求的usage n.使用，对待；惯用法usual a.通常的；平常的utility n.效用，有用，实用utilize vt.利用utmost a.最远的n.极限utter a.完全的，彻底的utter vt.发出，说，讲Vvacant a.空的；未被占用的vacation n.假期，休假vacuum n.真空；真空吸尘器vague a.模糊的，含糊的vain a.徒劳的；自负的valid a.有效的；正当的valley n.(山)谷，溪谷；流域valuable a.值钱的；有价值的value n.价值；价格vt.评价van n.大篷车，运货车vanish vi.突然不见，消失vanity n.虚荣心，虚夸vapour n.汽，蒸气variable a.易变的n.变量variation n.变化，变动；变异variety n.多样化；种类；变种various a.各种各样的，不同的vary vt.改变；使多样化vase n.瓶，花瓶vast a.巨大的；大量的vegetable n.植物；蔬菜vehicle n.车辆，机动车veil n.面纱，面罩；遮蔽物velocity n.速度，速率velvet n.丝绒，天鹅绒venture n.&vi.冒险vt.敢于verify vt.证实，查证；证明version n.译文；说法；改写本vertical a.垂直的，竖式的very ad.很；完全a.真的vessel n.容器；船，飞船；管vest n.汗衫；背心；内衣veteran n.老兵，老手vex vt.使烦恼，使恼火via prep.经过；通过vibrate vt.使颤动vi.颤动vibration n.颤动，振动；摆动vice n.罪恶；恶习；缺点vice n.(老)虎钳victim n.牺牲者，受害者victorious a.胜利的，得胜的victory n.胜利，战胜video a.电视的n.电视view n.看；视力；风景viewpoint n.观点，看法，见解vigorous a.朝气蓬勃的vine n.葡萄树vinegar n.醋violence n.猛烈，激烈；暴力violent a.猛烈的；狂暴的violet n.紫罗兰virtually ad.实际上，事实上virtue n.善；美德；优点visible a.可见的，看得见的vision n.视；想象力；梦幻visitor n.访问者；游客visual a.看的；看得见的vital a.生命的；有生命力的vitamin n.维生素，维他命vivid a.鲜艳的；生动的vocabulary n.词汇表；词汇，语汇voice n.说话声；意见；语态volcano n.火山volleyball n.排球，排球运动volt n.伏特，伏voltage n.电压volume n.卷，册；容积；音量voluntary a.自愿的，志愿的vote n.选举，投票，表决voyage n.&vi.航海，航空Wwage n.工资，报酬wage vt.开展(运动)waggon n.四轮运货马车waist n.腰，腰部wake vi.醒，醒来vt.唤醒waken vi.醒来vt.弄醒wallet n.钱包，皮夹子wander vi.漫游；迷路；离题warmth n.暖和，温暖；热烈warn vt.警告vi.发生警告waterfall n.瀑布waterproof a.不透水的，防水的wave n.波；波涛vi.波动wavelength n.波长wax n.蜡，蜂蜡way n.路；路线；方向weaken vt.削弱vi.变弱weakness n.虚弱，软弱；弱点wealth n.财富，财产；丰富wealthy a.富的，富裕的weapon n.武器，兵器weary a.疲倦的vt.使疲乏weather n.天气weave vt.织，编vi.纺织wedding n.婚礼Wednesday n.星期三weed n.杂草，野草vi.除草weep vi.哭泣，流泪weigh vt.称…的重量；掂量weight n.重；砝码；重担welcome int.&n.&vt.欢迎weld vt.&n.焊接，熔接welfare n.幸福，福利well n.井well ad.好；完全地int.嘿well-known a.众所周知的，出名的wheat n.小麦wheel n.轮，车轮whilst conj.&n.当…的时候whip vt.鞭笞；搅打n.鞭子whirl vt.使回旋vi.&n.回旋whisky n.威士忌酒whisper vt.低声地讲vi.低语whistle n.口哨vi.吹口哨white a.白的n.白色whitewash vt.粉刷，涂白wholly ad.完全地，全部wicked a.坏的；令人厌恶的wide a.宽阔的ad.全部地widely ad.广，广泛widen vt.加宽vi.变宽widespread a.分布广的，普遍的widow n.寡妇width n.宽阔，广阔；宽度wing n.翼，翅膀，翅wipe vt.& n.揩，擦wireless a.不用电线的，无线的wisdom n.智慧，才智；名言wish vt.祝；想要n.希望wit n.智力，才智，智能withdraw vt.收回；撤回vi.撤退within prep.在…里面withstand vt.抵挡，反抗witness n.证据；证人vt.目击wolf n.狼wooden a.木制的；呆板的wool n.羊毛；毛线，绒线woollen a.羊毛制的，毛线的workshop n.车间，工场；创作室world-wide a.遍及全球的worm n.虫，蠕虫。