写作-句子

英语写作——句子

本堂课涉及的内容：

（一）句子的分类：

按结构分类：简单句省略句并列句复合句并列复合句

按句子特点：长句短句

按修辞分类：松散句圆周句排比句对偶句反诘句设问句

按用意分类：陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句

（二）写作文体：正式文体非正式文体

（三）如何写出好的句子

（一）句子的分类：

按结构分

简单句

◆简单句中有一个主语和一个谓语动词，但可以有几个宾语、定语或状语。

◆表达效果：短小精悍，结构简单，表意明确，具有明显的强调功能

◆局限性：容量小，不易表达复杂细腻的思想或说理过程；过多使用简单句还会使文章显

得单调，刺耳。

◆有些简单句不带有任何修饰语，常用来描述某种动作，产生直达明快，加快节奏的修辞

效果。

The sails, in that light breeze, made but a faint fluttering noise. It ceased.

◆连续使用简单句还能产生铿锵有力、干脆利落的表达效果。

People think I am foolish and ignorant, but I’m not. I listen, I hear, I think, I read. I walk alone by myself.

读了这段文字人们会相信，“我”既不“愚蠢”也不“无知”。

Night fell. Midnight drew on. Few scouting six pilots went to their bunks.

◆放在段落和章节末的简单句，既能表现有力的终结，又能消除悬念。

I don’t mind dying any more. I don’t think death’s very important, not so important as love. And I

want you to live and be happy. I don’t grudge you an ything any more and I don’t resent anything. I’m glad now it’s me that must die and not you. I wish for you everything that’s good in the world.

I love you.

省略句

◆表达效果：结构紧凑，表意突出，言简意赅。

◆适用范围：常用于日常口语,小说对白及广告文体中。

Drive Slow!

Construction Site! No Admittance!(施工重地，闲人免进)

No Parking!

并列句

◆用连接词或标点符号把意义相关、结构完整的两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来便组成

并列句。

◆表达效果：体现语言均衡美，使文章风格平实大方

You don’t know about me without you have read a book by the name of the Adventures of Tom Sawyer; but that aren’t no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly. There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth.

复合句

◆复合句包含一个主句和一个或多个从句，主句结构独立，从句依附于主句；从句所表达

的概念是对主句意义的补充、解释或限定。

◆表达效果：表达复杂的思想内容。

1.This is the house that Jack built.

2.This is the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.

3.This is the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.

4.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.

……

◆在复合句中，从句是为主句服务的，它可以使主句所表达的思想显得突出、有力。主句

和从句先后次序上的不同可以产生不同的文体效果。

◆从句在前，产生悬念：

But when vague rumors got abroad, that in this Protestant association a secret power was mustering against the government for undefined and mighty purposes; when the air was filled with whispers….then the mania spread indeed, and the body, still increasing every day, grew forty thousand strong. (Charles Dickens, Barnaby Rudge)

◆从句在后，使文笔轻松自如，富有口语色彩。

并列复合句

◆并列句和复合句的结合。并列复合句至少要有两个主要从句和一个次要从句。

◆表达效果：句子结构多样化。

按长度分

在对书面语进行文体分析时，我们常常根据句子长度看做是构成文体特点的一种因素。

长句

◆表达效果：结构复杂，容量大，表达复杂的思想；叙事具体，说理严谨；烘托动作的连

续性。

◆使用范围：常在政论文体，科技文体

◆在小说中也常用长句描写一个人物、物体或场面。

◆一般来说，并列句和复合句都属于长句。我们在写说明文和议论文时，拓展句最好用较

长一些的复合句，主题句(topic sentence)用较短的句子，这样就会重点突出，层次分明。范文：I learned how to cooperate with others. Since I am the only daughter in my family, sometimes I do not know how to set up a harmonious relationship with my friends. During the college life, I knew to think for others, to be warmhearted to others, to be friendly to others, to think about others feeling, to think the opinions in others view.