Alisol G_155521-46-3_DataSheet_MedChemExpress
超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测地龙药材中4种黄曲霉毒素含量及阳性结果确证
分析测试经验介绍 (104 ~ 109)超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测地龙药材中4种黄曲霉毒素含量及阳性结果确证郭 晶1，张 进1，李文君1，李正刚2（1. 通化市食品药品检验所，吉林 通化 134000；2. 四平市食品药品检验所，吉林 四平 136000）摘要：建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定地龙药材中黄曲霉毒素B 1、B 2、G 1、G 2的含量，并对阳性结果进行确证. 样品经70%甲醇提取、免疫亲和柱净化、超高效液相色谱柱分离、三重四极杆质谱检测，并采用离子峰度比进行阳性结果确证. 结果表明，4种黄曲霉毒素的线性关系良好（r >0.999 5），回收率在91.2%~95.6%范围内.黄曲霉毒素B 1、B 2、G 1、G 2的检出限分别为0.10、0.038、0.11、0.038 µg/kg. 方法专属性好，灵敏度高，准确性好，可以进行最终阳性检出的判定. 15批地龙药材中6批黄曲霉毒素确证阳性检出, 证明地龙药材较易被黄曲霉毒素污染.关键词：地龙；超高效液相色谱-串联质谱；黄曲霉毒素；阳性结果确证中图分类号：O657. 63 文献标志码：B 文章编号：1006-3757（2024）02-0104-06DOI ：10.16495/j.1006-3757.2024.02.005Simultaneous Determination of Four Aflatoxins in Pheretima by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry andConfirmation of Positive ResultsGUO Jing 1， ZHANG Jin 1， LI Wenjun 1， LI Zhenggang2（1. Tonghua Institute for Food and Drug Control , Tonghua 134000, Jilin China ；2. Siping Institute for Food andDrug Control , Siping 136000, Jilin China ）Abstract ：A method for simultaneous determination of aflatoxins B 1, B 2, G 1, and G 2 in pheretima was been established by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the positive results was confirmed. The samples were extracted by 70% methanol, purified by a immunoaffinity columns, separated by UPLC-MS/MS, detected by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and confirmed by ion peak ratio. The results showed that the linear relationship of the four aflatoxins were good (r >0.999 5), and the recoveries ranged from 91.2% to 95.6%. The limits of detection for aflatoxin B 1, B 2, G 1, and G 2 were 0.10, 0.038, 0.11, 0.038 µg/kg, respectively. The method has a good specificity, high sensitivity, good accuracy, and can be used to determine the final positive detection. Aflatoxin were positively detected in 6 out of 15 batches of pheretima , which proved that the Pheretima were more susceptible to contamination by aflatoxins.Key words ：Pheretima ；UPLC-MS/MS ；aflatoxin ；confirmation of positive results收稿日期：2024−01−10； 修订日期：2024−03−05.基金项目：吉林省中药材标准及中药饮片炮制规范（项目编号：JLPZGF-2020-052）作者简介：郭晶（1979−），女，副主任药师，研究方向为药品质量标准通信作者：李正刚（1982−），男，硕士，医药工程师，研究方向为中药质量标准，E-mail ：*****************.第 30 卷第 2 期分析测试技术与仪器Volume 30 Number 22024年3月ANALYSIS AND TESTING TECHNOLOGY AND INSTRUMENTS Mar. 2024黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxins, AF）是一种毒性极强的剧毒物质，被各个国家的癌症研究机构列为Ⅰ类致癌物. 黄曲霉毒素主要是由黄曲霉、寄生曲霉产生的次生代谢产物，是一组化学结构类似的化合物[1-2]，主要包括AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2，多存在于土壤、动植物、各种坚果中[3]，在湿热环境下出现黄曲霉毒素污染的概率最高. 黄曲霉毒素的危害性在于对人及动物肝脏组织的慢性毒性作用，长期积累可导致肝癌甚至死亡[4-5]. 各国药典均对黄曲霉毒素在中药材或中草药中的限量作了规定，如《欧洲药典》规定AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2总量在中草药中的限量不得高于4 µg/kg，《美国药典》规定AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2总量在中草药中的限量不得高于20µg/kg，《中华人民共和国药典》规定其总量在中药材中的限量不得高于10 µg/kg[6].地龙药材标准收载在《中华人民共和国药典》2020版一部[7]. 采收时需要及时剖开腹部，除去内脏和泥沙. 由于地龙生长在土壤环境中，故其被AF污染的风险较大. 目前AF测定的方法主要有液相色谱-柱后碘衍生化法或光化学衍生化法-荧光检测器以及酶联免疫法，但以上方法均存在假阳性的误判可能性，当超出标准限值时均需要采用质谱检测器进行阳性确证[8]. 本研究采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定不同产地多批次地龙药材中AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2的含量，并对阳性结果进行确证，从而准确的判定检出情况，为地龙药材中AF污染情况提供参考.1 试验部分1.1 仪器和试剂BT125D型电子天平（北京赛多利斯仪器天平有限公司），TDL-5-A型离心机（上海安亭科学仪器厂），AB SCIEX QTRAP® 5500型超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（美国AB SCIEX公司）. 超高压液相色谱柱（岛津科技有限公司），免疫亲和柱（青岛普瑞邦生物工程有限公司，规格：3 mL，批号：2J1J24-4）.AF混合对照品溶液：AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2标示质量浓度分别为1.04、0.38、1.08、0.38µg/mL，批号：610001-202006，来源于中国食品药品检定研究院. 氯化钠和醋酸铵（国药集团化学试剂有限公司，分析纯），甲醇和乙腈（Flsher Scientific，色谱纯），纯化水为自制.本次收集到不同产地和批次的地龙药材共15批，基本信息如表1所列.表 1 地龙药材样品基本信息Table 1 Basic informations of Pheretima samples药材编号样品名称产地DL1广地龙海南文昌DL2广地龙广东肇庆DL3广地龙广东韶关DL4广地龙广东韶关DL5广地龙广西玉林DL6广地龙广西北海DL7沪地龙湖北襄阳DL8沪地龙河南濮阳DL9沪地龙河南安阳DL10沪地龙浙江嘉兴DL11沪地龙河南焦作DL12沪地龙浙江金华DL13沪地龙江西赣州DL14沪地龙江西九江DL15沪地龙江西宜春1.2 仪器工作条件1.2.1 色谱条件色谱柱：Shim-pack XR-ODS，3.0 mm×75 mm （1.8 µm）；以10 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液为流动相A，甲醇为流动相B；柱温：25 ℃；流速：0.3 mL/min. 按表2中的程序进行梯度洗脱.表 2 梯度洗脱程序Table 2 Gradient elution procedure时间/min流动相A/%流动相B/%0~4.565~1535~854.5~615~085~1006~6.50~65100~356.5~1065351.2.2 质谱条件离子源：电喷雾离子源（ESI源）；监测模式：正离子扫描下的多反应监测模式（MRM）；喷雾压强：0.21 MPa；干燥气流速：8 L/min；干燥气温度：550 ℃；毛细管电压：5 500 V；三重四极杆离子对及相关电压参数设定如表3所列.第 2 期郭晶，等：超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测地龙药材中4种黄曲霉毒素含量及阳性结果确证1051.3 标准曲线绘制分别精密量取AF混合对照品溶液100、50、25µL于10 mL容量瓶中，用甲醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，即得标准曲线溶液1、2、3. 分别精密量取1 mL标准曲线溶液2、0.1 mL标准曲线溶液1于10 mL容量瓶中，用甲醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，即得标准曲线溶液4、5. 精密量取1 mL标准曲线溶液4于10 mL 容量瓶中，用甲醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，即得标准曲线溶液6.1.4 供试品溶液制备取供试品粉末约15 g（过四号筛网），精密称定，置于均质瓶中，加入氯化钠3 g、70%甲醇溶液75 mL，12 000 r/min高速搅拌2 min，4 500 r/min离心5 min，取上清液15.0 mL，置于50 mL量瓶中，用水稀释至刻度，摇匀，4 500 r/min离心10 min，取续滤液20.0 mL. 通过免疫亲合柱，流速3 mL/min，用20 mL水洗脱，洗脱液弃去，使空气进入免疫亲合柱，将水挤出，再用适量甲醇洗脱，收集洗脱液，置于2 mL量瓶中，加甲醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，用微孔滤膜（0.22 µm）滤过，取续滤液，即得.2 结果与讨论2.1 免疫亲和柱技术和质谱测定法的优势免疫亲和柱技术是利用抗原、抗体之间高度特异性结合对目标物进行净化富集的一种实验技术，预置在柱体内的特异性抗体选择性结合样本中的待测物，杂质不被结合流出柱外，柱上结合的目标物再被洗脱液洗脱，从而实现目标物的高效净化和浓缩[9].质谱法是使待测化合物产生气态离子，再按质荷比（m/z）将离子分离、检测的分析方法，检测限可达10−15~10−12 mol数量级. 相比较液相色谱法，测试样品需要的量较少，其检测灵敏度也大幅度提高，且其较好的专属性可以作为液相色谱检出情况的进一步确证，大大降低误判阳性检出的情况[10-13]. 2.2 线性范围和检出限分别精密吸取1.3项下系列混合对照品溶液5µL，注入液相色谱仪，测定峰面积，以进样质量浓度（ng/mL）为横坐标，峰面积为纵坐标，绘制标准曲线.结果如表4所列，4种黄曲霉毒素的线性关系良好（r>0.999 5）.取不含AF的样品15 g，加入0.15 mL标准曲线溶液1，余下操作同1.4项下供试品溶液制备，1.2项下仪器工作条件测定，以信噪比（S/N）为3作为4种黄曲霉毒素的检出限（limit of detection，LOD），结果如表4所列，AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2的LOD分别为0.10、0.038、0.11、0.038 µg/kg，表明方法灵敏度较高.表 4 回归方程、线性范围和检出限Table 4 Regression equations, linear ranges and limits of detection组分名称回归方程r线性范围/（ng/mL）LOD/（µg/kg）S/N AFB1y=33 600x –1 3600.999 90.104～10.4000.10 4.5AFB2y=30 900x – 4 8800.999 80.038～3.8000.038 3.1AFG1y=26 150x – 6 3400.999 80.108～10.8000.11 4.2AFG2y=21 200x + 2 9200.999 80.038～3.8000.038 3.32.3 精密度考察取5 µL 1.3项下标准曲线溶液1，在1.2项下仪器条件及测定方法下分别连续进样6次，测定各组分的色谱峰面积. 测试结果：AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、表 3 质谱条件Table 3 Conditions of mass spectrometer序号组分名称母离子/（m/z）子离子/（m/z）碎裂电压/V碰撞能量/eV1AFB1313.1285.1*16034241.0207512AFB2315.1287.1*18937259.1200393AFG1329.1243.1*16338311.1180314AFG2331.1313.1*18535245.118842注：*定量离子对106分析测试技术与仪器第 30 卷AFG2色谱峰面积相对标准偏差（RSD)分别为1.3%、2.2%、1.8%和2.2%，表明仪器的精密度良好.2.4 稳定性试验取1.3项下标准曲线溶液1，分别于0、4、８、16、18、24 h 按1.2项下仪器条件进样5 µL，记录所测各组分峰面积. 测试结果：AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2色谱峰面积RSD分别为2.6%、2.2%、2.5%和2.3%，结果表明在24 h内测定结果稳定.2.5 重复性和回收率试验由于15批次地龙药材中仅部分检出AFB1、AFB2，故在加标回收试验中进行方法的重复性考察.称取不含AF的地龙药材（编号：DL1）粉末约15 g，各6份，分别精密加入AF混合对照品溶液75 µL，其余操作同2.1.2项下供试品溶液制备，按2.2项下条件分别测定各组分的色谱峰面积，结果如表5所列. 由表5可见，AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2的平均回收率分别为95.6%、93.4%、93.2%、91.2%，加标测定值的RSD分别为1.9%、2.0%、1.7%和2.6%，表明该方法的回收率满足要求，方法的重复性良好.2.6 样品测定取15批次地龙药材，按照1.4项下方法制备供试品溶液，1.2项下仪器条件进行测定，结果如表6所列，结果表明在6批地龙样品中检测出AFB1和AFB2，质谱总离子流图如图1所示.表 6 样品测定结果Table 6 Determination results of samples/(µg/kg)样品编号AFB1质量分数AFB2质量分数AFG1质量分数AFG2质量分数总质量分数DL1/////DL2/////DL3/////DL4 6.80.53//7.33 DL5/////DL6/////DL77.80.35//8.15 DL8 6.50.31// 6.81 DL9 4.30.24// 4.54 DL10/////DL11/////DL12/////DL13 3.10.43// 3.53 DL14 2.50.31// 2.81 DL15/////注：“/”：未检出2.7 阳性结果确证中药组成成分相较于西药组成成分复杂多样，三重四极杆质谱是以母离子及子离子组成的离子对进行检测，由于样品基质成分的复杂性，单个离子对出现干扰的情况在试验过程中偶有发生. 然而一个化合物在质谱检测器的离子源中被固定碰撞电压击碎产生的多个碎片离子之间具有相对固定的比例，故采用离子对峰面积的比值进行比较更具有专属性，UPLC-MS/MS法通常采用离子峰度比对结果进一步确证阳性检出，即：如果样品检出色谱峰的保留时间与对照品一致，并且在扣除背景后的表 5 方法的重复性和回收率试验结果Table 5 Experimental results of repeatability andrecovery of method添加质量分数加入质量/ng实测质量/ng回收率/%平均回收率/%RSD/%AFB1 (5 µg/kg)78.0074.2195.1495.6 1.9 78.0073.1193.7378.0075.5396.8378.0076.5298.1078.0072.9993.5878.0075.2396.45AFB2 (2 µg/kg)28.5026.1291.6593.4 2.0 28.5025.2390.7728.5026.7893.9628.5027.0194.7728.5027.3295.8628.5026.5593.16AFG1 (5 µg/kg)81.0077.4495.6093.2 1.7 81.0075.2692.9181.0075.3693.0481.0074.8292.3781.0076.3594.2681.0073.7891.09AFG2 (2 µg/kg)28.5025.1591.0591.2 2.6 28.5026.2292.0028.5025.4789.3728.5025.1188.1128.5027.0194.7728.5026.2892.21第 2 期郭晶，等：超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测地龙药材中4种黄曲霉毒素含量及阳性结果确证107质谱图中，所选择的监测离子对均出现，而且所选择的监测离子对峰面积比与对照品的监测离子对峰面积比一致，则可判定样品中存在该真菌毒素.经计算本试验检出的6批阳性样品的离子峰度比AFB 1分别为75.3%、75.2%、75.1%、75.3%、75.2%、75.1%，相对平均偏差均小于0.2%. AFB 2分别为85.0%、85.1%、85.1%、85.2%、85.3%、85.0%，相对平均偏差均小于0.2%. 均在允许偏差±20%内，确证样品阳性检出.3 结论由多批次样品检验情况可以初步得出，地龙药材中黄曲霉毒素的污染主要为黄曲霉毒素B 1和B 2.地龙药材在产地初加工过程中需去除泥沙，而泥沙为黄曲霉毒素污染的重要来源，如果泥沙去除不净、保存不当、遇湿热环境，则黄曲霉毒素含量容易超标[14-17]. 因此地龙药材的黄曲霉毒素监测检验非常必要[18-21]. 试验结果表明，UPLC-MS/MS 法操作简便、专属性好、灵敏度高、重复性好，能够对地龙药材的阳性结果作出准确判定，故将在中药材的黄曲霉毒素污染检测中发挥重要作用.参考文献：刘丽娜, 李海亮, 李耀磊, 等. 中药真菌毒素质量控制概况、限量标准制定及有关问题的思考[J ]. 中草药，2023，54（19）：6197-6207. [LIU Lina, LI Hailiang, LI Yaolei, et al. Overview on quality control of mycotox-ins in traditional Chinese medicine, limit requirements and discussion on related issues [J ]. Chinese Tradition-al and Herbal Drugs ，2023，54 （19）：6197-6207.]［ 1 ］沈立, 汤燕, 陈铁柱, 等. 固相萃取液质联用测定川产道地药材黄精、麦冬中10种真菌毒素[J ]. 药物分析杂志，2023，43（8）：1369-1380. [SHEN Li, TANG［ 2 ］Yan, CHEN Tiezhu, et al. Determination of 10 my-cotoxins in Polygonati Rhizoma and Ophiopogonis Radix as a genuine regional drug of Sichuan by solid-phase extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS [J ]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis ，2023，43 （8）：1369-1380.]徐晓艳, 王宇, 王梦瑶, 等. 中药材中真菌毒素的检测与脱毒研究进展[J ]. 中草药，2024，55（2）：657-669.[XU Xiaoyan, WANG Yu, WANG Mengyao, et al.Research progress on detection and detoxification of mycotoxins in Chinese medicinal materials [J ].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs ，2024，55 （2）：657-669.]［ 3 ］李正刚, 程焱, 王丹彧, 等. 地龙药材中黄曲霉毒素B 1、B 2、G 1、G 2的含量检测[J ]. 化学工程师，2023，37（8）：34-37. [LI Zhenggang, CHENG Yan, WANG Danyu, et al. Detection of aflatoxins B 1、B 2、G 1、G 2 in Pheretima materials [J ]. Chemical Engineer ，2023，37（8）：34-37.]［ 4 ］莫紫梅. 黄曲霉毒素B 1降解产物及其安全性评价研究进展[J/OL ]. 中国油脂, 2023:1-12[2024-02-29].https:///10.19902/ki.zgyz.1003-7969.230329. [MO Zimei. Research progress on degrada-tion products of aflatoxin B 1 and its safety evaluation [J/OL ]. China Oils and Fats, 2023:1-12[2024-02-29]. https:///10.19902/ki.zgyz.1003-7969.230329.]［ 5 ］孙艳杰, 李正刚, 赵磊, 等. 制貂肾中黄曲霉毒素的测定方法研究及暴露风险评估[J ]. 中国药物评价，2023，40（3）：249-252. [SUN Yanjie, LI Zhenggang,ZHAO Lei, et al. Determination method of aflatoxin in processed mustela and risk assessment [J ]. Chinese Journal of Drug Evaluation ，2023，40 （3）：249-252.]［ 6 ］国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典(一部)[S ].北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2020: 127.［ 7 ］许晓辉, 李晨曦, 吴福祥, 等. QuEChERS-分散固相萃取-液质联用法快速测定地龙中黄曲霉毒素[J ].分析测试技术与仪器，2021，27（1）：18-23. [XU［ 8 ］1×1042×1043×104(a)(b)4×1045×1046×1047×104t /minI n t e n s i t y /c p sI n t e n s i t y /c p st /min1×1042×1043×1044×1045×1046×104AFB 2AFB 1AFG 2AFB 2AFB 1AFG 1图1 样品测定图谱（a ）对照品质谱总离子流图，（b ）样品质谱总离子流图Fig. 1 Total ion flow diagrams of samples108分析测试技术与仪器第 30 卷Xiaohui, LI Chenxi, WU Fuxiang, et al. QuEChERS-dispersed solid phase extraction-ultra performance li-quid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for rapid determination of aflatoxin in pheretima [J ]. Ana-lysis and Testing Technology and Instruments ，2021，27 （1）：18-23.]马彧, 李正刚, 程焱, 等. 超声萃取-免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生高效液相色谱法同时测定蜂房药材中4种黄曲霉毒素[J ]. 化学分析计量，2023，32（2）：20-23, 56. [MA Yu, LI Zhenggang, CHENG Yan, et al. Simultaneous determination of four aflatox-ins in Nidus Vespae by ultrasonic extraction-immun-oaffinity column purification-post column photochem-ical derivatization HPLC [J ]. Chemical Analysis and Meterage ，2023，32 （2）：20-23, 56.]［ 9 ］龚敏, 陈明亮, 金鹏, 等. QuEChERS 结合UPLC-MS/MS 测定水产品中4种黄曲霉毒素及其裂解规律研究[J ]. 热带农业科学，2023，43（10）：35-40.[GONG Min, CHEN Mingliang, JIN Peng, et al. De-termination of four aflatoxins in aquatic product by QuEChERS combine UPLC-MS/MS method and study on fragmentation pathway [J ]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture ，2023，43 （10）：35-40.]［ 10 ］袁正宁, 李梁子涵, 王艳敏, 等. 黄曲霉毒素对肝脏和脾脏的毒理作用研究[J ]. 中国畜禽种业，2023，19（4）：91-95. [YUAN Zhengning, LI Liangzihan,WANG Yanmin, et al. Toxicological effects of aflatoxin on liver and spleen [J ]. The Chinese Live-stock and Poultry Breeding ，2023，19 （4）：91-95.]［ 11 ］何洁, 余婷婷, 梁松, 等. 高通量高效快速净化方法结合UPLC-MS/MS 测定粮食中黄曲霉毒素[J/OL ]. 中国测试, 2023:1-12 [2024-02-29]. https:///kcms/detail/51.1714.TB.20230421.1514.008.html.[HE Jie, YU Tingting, LIANG Song, et al. Determina-tion of aflatoxins in grains using the high-throughput high efficient flow-through clean-up method and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry [J/OL ]. China Measurement & Test,2023:1-12 [2024-02-29]. https:///kcms/de-tail/51.1714.TB.20230421.1514.008.html.]［ 12 ］李正刚, 谢秋红, 邵大志, 等. 高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定人参归脾丸中4种黄曲霉毒素[J ]. 中国卫生工程学, 2022, 21(5):714-716. [LI Zhenggang,XIE Qiuhong, SHAO Dazhi, et al. Simultaneous de-termination of content of four Aflatoxins Ginseng spleen-invigorating bolus by HPLC-FLD [J ]. Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering, 2022, 21(5):714-716.]［ 13 ］陈莉. 超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱法同时测定舒眠胶囊(片)中4种黄曲霉毒素含量[J ]. 中国药业，2022，31（22）：77-80. [CHEN Li. Simultaneous［ 14 ］determination of four aflatoxins in Shumian capsules(tablets) by UPLC-QQQ/MS [J ]. China Phar-maceuticals ，2022，31 （22）：77-80.]夏仕青, 李晓慧, 吴桃丽. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定辣椒粉中4种黄曲霉毒素的含量[J ]. 微量元素与健康研究，2023，40（1）：57-60. [XIA Shiqing, LI Xiaohui, WU Taoli. Determination of four aflatoxins in Chili Powder by UPLC-MS/MS [J ]. Studies of Trace Elements and Health ，2023，40 （1）：57-60.]［ 15 ］淦露. 黄曲霉毒素检测技术研究进展[J ]. 现代食品，2022，28（15）：114-117. [GAN Lu. Research progress of aflatoxin detection technology [J ]. Modern Food ，2022，28 （15）：114-117.]［ 16 ］杨昊, 公丕学, 王骏, 等. 基于石墨烯净化的超高效液相色谱串联质谱快速测定乳制品中黄曲霉毒素[J ].中国食品卫生杂志，2023，35（3）：396-402. [YANG Hao, GONG Pixue, WANG Jun, et al. Fast determina-tion of aflatoxin in dairy products by ultra-high per-formance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spec-trometry based on purification of graphene [J ].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene ，2023，35 （3）：396-402.]［ 17 ］赵飞. QuEChERS 结合超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定坚果中黄曲霉毒素[J ]. 当代化工，2022，51（3）：752-756. [ZHAO Fei. Determination of aflatoxins in nuts by QuEChERS coupled with ultra-li-quid chromatography-mass spectrometry [J ]. Contem-porary Chemical Industry ，2022，51 （3）：752-756.]［ 18 ］谭丽盈. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定醋延胡索药材中4种黄曲霉毒素[J ]. 化学分析计量，2021，30（10）：27-32. [TAN Liying. Simultaneous de-termination of four kinds of aflatoxins in vinegar cory-dalis by UPLC-MS/MS [J ]. Chemical Analysis and Meterage ，2021，30 （10）：27-32.]［ 19 ］周颖, 祝清岚, 马临科, 等. 免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法检测蜚蠊中的黄曲霉毒素[J ]. 中国药物评价，2020，37（5）：358-361.[ZHOU Ying, ZHU Qinglan, MA Linke, et al. De-termination of aflatoxins in periplaneta Americana by immunoaffinity column and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with post-column photo-chemical derivatization [J ]. Chinese Journal of Drug Evaluation ，2020，37 （5）：358-361.]［ 20 ］刘宁, 王萌萌, 金红宇, 等. 高效液相色谱-柱后光化学衍生法测定参苓白术散中黄曲霉毒素G 2、G 1、B 2、B 1[J ]. 中国药事，2012，26（5）：442-445. [LIU Ning,WANG Mengmeng, JIN Hongyu, et al. Determination of aflatoxin G 2, G 1, B 2, B 1 in Shenling Baizhu Powder by HPLC with post column photochemical derivatiza-tion [J ]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs ，2012，26 （5）：442-445.]［ 21 ］第 2 期郭晶，等：超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测地龙药材中4种黄曲霉毒素含量及阳性结果确证109。
SAS-1
Hirsch Teil1. What are chemical sensors?- Definition !!!2. Selectivity- Definition- Equilibrium based selectivity: free energy, dielectric constant and distance,- Kinetic based selectivity: steady-state regime3. Recognition Methods- Ion recognition: recognition-electric charge, selectivity-size,transduction-potentiometric, optical methodse.g. PH electrode ----> part 3- Recognition by affinity interactions: reversible, non-covalent bonds-ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interaction => result in a molecular assiciation complex; also respect to shape and chemical reactivity; indicated by stability constant (very stable)- antibody - antigen interaction => immunochemical reactionantibody: glycoprotein produced by immune system to identify and neutralizepathogen microorganisms.antigen: the part of the pathogen that reactions with the antibody.use specific antibody receptor => identify pathogenuse antigen receptor => identify antibody (the detection of infection byparticular pathogen)- lectin proteins recognize caborhydrates (agglutinins, hemagglutinin)carbohydrate-binding modules link to the catalytic part of glycosidehydrolases => result in degradation of cell wall, storage of polysaccharide- A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) is a polymer that has been processed usingthe molecular imprinting technique which leaves cavities in polymer matrix withaffinity to a chosen "template" molecule.In chemistry, molecular imprinting is a technique to create template-shaped cavities in polymer matrices with memory of the template molecules to be used in molecular recognition.-Nucleic acid aptamers are nucleic acid species that have been engineered throughrepeated rounds of in vitro selection to bind to various molecular targets such assmall molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and even cells, tissues and organisms.Aptamers are useful in biotechnological and therapeutic a pplications as they offer molecular recognition properties that rival that of the commonly used bimolecular antibodies.- Recognition by nucleic acids: hydrogen bonds between two distinct pairs of nucleobases => two complementary nucleic acids form a double strand association complex => called hybridizationnucleic acid sensors: short single strand NA as receptor to recognize a particular NA sequence in the analyte NA => detection of genetic anomalies and pathogen mircoorganism- Recognition by enzyme: dynamic processEnzyme: protein compound that function as catalysts in chemical reaction occurring in living system.- Recognition by cells and tissues: advantages of enzyme incorporated in biological materials => in their natural environmentsee part 3, Wegener - Recognition by gases and vapors: based on sorption at solid material => surface-adsorption, inner-absorption; purely physical phenomenon or chemical reaction.4. Transduction MetohdosChemical transduction: monitoring the change of chemical composition of the sensing element in response to the recognition process. => change in concentration/amount is measured => detect primary product -> secondary product or coreagent -> labeling productLABEL can be a simple molecular species or nanoparticals that can be detected by available physiochemical methods => enzyme, fluorescent dyes, luminescent dyes, electroactive compoundsPhysical transduction: a specific physical property of the sensing element that is affected by its interaction with the analyte is monitored. => mass, reflective index, dielectric properties, electrical resistivity => LABEL-FREE- Thermometric transductionRecognition of the analyte leads to change in temperature => only catalytical processes generate sufficient heat to the measurement => application: combustible gases react with O2 at the surface of a catalyst.- Transduction based on mechanical effectsRecognition leads to change in mass of the sensing element => monitored by mass tranducer based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- QCM, correct name: Thickness shear modePiezoelectric effect:generation of electrical charges on the surface of a solid by strain, pressure or torsion (mechanical deformation of solid) =>electricity resulting from pressureI nverse piezoelectric effect:application of charges to surfaces of piezoelectricsolid generates mechanical deformation (elongation, contraction, torsion)QCM is based on Inverse piezoelectric effect!# AT cut => 35`15`=> minimum temperature coefficient at 50~70 CIt makes the AT-cut well suited to applications requiring high degree of frequency stability over wide temperature ranges.## Electrodes are applied on both sides, and AC voltage applied.DC cannot flow across the crystal because it consists of an insulator material;however the crystal somewhat behaves as capacitor and allow an AC current to f low along the left-hand loop.AC voltage applied => leads to shear oscillation of crystal => when the voltage frequency matches the intrinsic vibration frequency of the crystal => the vibration amplitude is at maximal => the resonant => resonant frequency (f0) => depend on crystal thickness (e.g. d q= 330 um, f0= 5MHZ), density and elasticity of piezoelectric material### AT-cut resonator: thickness: ~0.2 mm, diameter of the active area: 5~20 mm #### Deposition of a homogenous mass film (a rigid overlay)Sauerbrey equation:Cf indicate sensitivity of QCMcondition of this equation: rigid deposited mass; △m<2% of crystal mass;operated in vacuum or in gaseous atmopphereIn liquid: the liquid breaks the vibration by friction => lessen f0Thickness of the layer must be greater than the wave decay lengththat is of 250 nm of 5 MHz resonator at water. ----> part 2!!!##### QCM in practice => see p.41----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Resistive and capacitive transductionRecognition leads to changes in the electrical property of this materialResistive transduction: gases interact with MOS => change in electrical resistivity Capactive transduction => dielectric constant- Electrochemical transductionsee part 2, Matysik - Optical transductionOptical transduction can be based on light emission or light absorption, also by physical quantity (reflective index) and light scattering.5. Sensor Configuration and Fabrication- Lateral flow assayA typical test strip consists of the following components:1. Sample pad – an absorbent pad onto which the test sample is applied2. Conjugate pad –this contains antibodies specific to the target analyte;conjugated to coloured particles (e.g. gold nanoparticles)3. Reaction membrane –typically a hydrophobic nitrocellulose or celluloseacetate membrane onto which anti-target analyte antibodies are immobilized in a line across the membrane as a capture zone or test line, and a control zonecontaining antibodies specific for the conjugate antibodies.4. Wicking pad –a further absorbent pad designed to draw the sample acrossthe reaction membrane by capillary action and collect it.Double antibody sandwich assays: the sample migrates from the sample pad through the conjugate pad where any target analyte present will bind to the c onjugate.=> The sample then continues to migrate across the membrane until it reaches the test line where the target or conjugate complex will bind to the immobilized antibodies producing a visible line on the membrane. => The sample then migrates further along the strip until it reaches the control line, where excess conjugate will bind and producea second visible line on the membrane.This control line indicates that the sample has migrated across the membrane as intended. Two clear lines on the membrane is a positive result. A single line in the control zone is a negative result. Double antibody sandwich assays are most suitable for larger analytes, such as bacterial pathogens and viruses, with multiple antigenic sites. 6. Methods and Material in Sensor Preparation- Immobilization at solid surface => integration of a transducer with the receptor Physical adsorption at a solid supportNon covalent immobilization at solid surface => hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction; monolayer; no restrict access; not stable; Langmuir isotherm -> equilibrium interactionSupport material: silica, cellulose acetate, PVCCovalent bonding to the solid supportCovalent conjugation => stable, covalent bond, time consuming, expensiveCommon reactive group: -OH, -NH2, -C=O, -SH- Carboxylic acid with DCC- Glutaraldehyde reacts with the a.a. of lysine in protein => widely used Support: porous material => high specific area, high density of immobilized compounds => hydrogel: immobilized by entrapment/covalent corsslink - Natural polymers: Cellulose, Dextran- Synthetic polymers: Polystyrene- Active polymers: Epoxide (without preliminary activation) -->DNA array !!!- Inactive Polymers: Vicinal hydroxyls actived by CNBr- Inorganic support: Silica, AL2O3, TiO2 => stable at extreme PH- Metal support: noble metals, thiols on golds --> self assembled monolayers!Affinity reaction: avidin-biotin !!!Thin molecular layers: one or several molecular layers in solid support - Self-assembly of amphiphilic compounds: preparation of liposome andmicelles; liposome can be used of entrapment of molecular- Bilipid layer membranes: Langmuir-Blodgett technique- Layer by Layer assembly- Sol-Gel chemistry methods: silica gel => -O-Si-O-- Hydrogels: Xerogel, aerogel- Conducting polymers: Polyacetylene, polyaniline --> gas senor based on CP (----> part 3 !!!); also as entrapment matrix for biological receptors- Mesoporous materials: porous materials with pore (diameter: 2-50 nm,close to protein) => enzyme immobilization by entrapment (crosslinking withglutaraldehyde)- Deposition of polymers onto solid surfaces: dip coating, drop coating, spin coating ----> part 2 !!!Perm-selective memberanes: Nafin ----> Clark oxygen electrode Support-free crosslinkingEntrapment in a polymer networkEncapsulation7. Microfabrication Methodes- Spot Arraying: Contact-based & Noncontact-based; DNA microarray !!!!!Pros & Cons- Thick-film Technology: screen-printing technique (5-50 um thick layer)- Thin-film Technology: Photolithography (2 um)- Softlithography ----> experiment !!!!- Microcontact printing ----> experiment !!!!8. Optical Sensors- Electromagnetic RadiationOptical sensor => interaction of electromagnetic radiation with sensor layer - frequency; wavelength; photon energy (definition)- Structure: integration with wavelength-selection (optical filters) device and light sources (lasers), light detectors (phototransistors)- Optical Waveguides- Optical FibersOptical fibers' structuretotal internal reflection => evanescent wave- Spectrochemical Transduction MethodsSpectrochemical method analysis => light absorption or emission by sample => optical label performs absorption or emission (organic dye or metal complexes) - Light absorption: absorbance => concentration; sensitivity => thickness, absorpyivity, absorptivity => wavelength- Diffuse reflectance spectrometry: refelctance => concentration; suitable forsolid in near IR- Luminescence: Fluorescence spectromerty => fluorophore (label, organic dye or metal complexes, luminescent nanparticle ); steady-statefluorescence measurement, Time-resolved fluormetry; fluorescencequenching; resonance energy transfer (FRET); chemical- andbioluminescence => luminol; electrochemicaluminescence; Ramanspetrometry- Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy (SPR)。
高效液相色谱法检测（S）-2-氨基丁酰胺盐酸盐的纯度
高效液相色谱法检测（S）-2-氨基丁酰胺盐酸盐的纯度郝玉红;朱力敏;薛韧婕【摘要】用高效液相色谱法定量分析(S)-2-氨基丁酰胺盐酸盐的纯度。
用Agilent 1100型高效液相色谱仪，色谱柱Xterra C18（5µm，4.6 mm×250 mm），流动相为20%乙腈-80%，缓冲液：1000 mL水+5.0 g庚烷磺酸钠；检测波长为210 nm，流量为0.7 mL•min-1，柱温30℃，对(S)-2-氨基丁酰胺盐酸盐纯度进行定量测定。
相对标准偏差0.15%，标准回收率99.8%~100.2%，方法重复性好，定量准确度高。
%Purity analysis of (S)-2-Aminobutyramide hydrochloride was established by high performance liquid chromatography with Agilent 1100, Xterra C18(5 μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm)column, m obile phase was acetonitrile-water, detection wavelength was 210 nm, flow rate was 0.7 mL·min-1, column temperature was 30℃. The method showed repeatability and relative standard deviation was 0.15%, and the standard recoveries were 99.8%-100.2%. These quantitative results showed high accuracy.【期刊名称】《上海计量测试》【年(卷),期】2014(000)002【总页数】2页(P40-41)【关键词】高效液相色谱法;(S )-2-氨基丁酰胺盐酸盐【作者】郝玉红;朱力敏;薛韧婕【作者单位】上海市计量测试技术研究院;上海市计量测试技术研究院;上海市计量测试技术研究院【正文语种】中文(S)-2-氨基丁酰胺盐酸盐（简称ABAH），为白色或类白色固体粉末，主要用于抗癫痫、抗惊厥药物中间体。
lord 公司的水溶液性胶合剂 CHEMLOK 8560D 安全数据表 说明书
USA SAFETY DATA SHEET1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATIONProduct name:CHEMLOK 8560DProduct Use/Class: Aqueous AdhesiveLORD Corporation111 LORD DriveCary, NC 27511-7923 USATelephone: 814 868-3180Non-Transportation Emergency: 814 763-2345Chemtrec 24 Hr Transportation Emergency No.800 424-9300 (Outside Continental U.S. 703 527-3887)EFFECTIVE DATE: 06/30/20212. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATIONGHS CLASSIFICATION:Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2ASkin sensitization Category 1ACarcinogenicity Category 2Specific target organ systemic toxicity (single exposure) Category 2 blood systemSpecific target organ systemic toxicity (single exposure) Category 1 Respiratory system, Systemic toxicity Specific target organ systemic toxicity (repeated exposure) Category 2 blood systemSpecific target organ systemic toxicity (repeated exposure) Category 1 LungsHazardous to the aquatic environment - acute hazard Category 2Hazardous to the aquatic environment - chronic hazard Category 2GHS LABEL ELEMENTS:Symbol(s)Signal WordD ANGERHazard StatementsCauses serious eye irritation.May cause an allergic skin reaction.Suspected of causing cancer.May cause damage to organs.(blood system)Causes damage to organs.(Respiratory system, Systemic toxicity)May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.(blood system)Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.(Lungs)Toxic to aquatic life.Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.Precautionary StatementsPreventionObtain special instructions before use.Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection.Use personal protective equipment as required.Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.Wash thoroughly after handling.300000005458Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.Avoid release to the environment.ResponseGet medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.IF exposed: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on this label).IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.Continue rinsing.If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.Collect spillage.StorageStore locked up.Disposal:Dispose of contents/container in accordance with waste/disposal laws and regulations of your country or particular locality.Other Hazards:This product contains component(s) which have the following warnings; however based on the GHS classification criteria of your country or locale, the product mixture may be outside the respective category(s).Acute: In elevated-temperature applications, product may release vapors that may produce cyanosis in the absence of sufficient ventilation or adequate respiratory protection. May be harmful if swallowed. Ingestion is not an expected route of entry in industrial or commercial uses. This product contains a residual amount of a chemical substance that may cause an allergic skin and/or respiratory reaction.Causes mild skin irritation.Chronic: Prolonged or repeated contact may result in dermatitis. The nitrogen substituted aromatic in this product gave positive results for mutagenicity in an Ames Assay study while two other mutagenicity studies proved negative.IARC has identified the proprietary curative in this product as an "animal suspected" carcinogen, Group 3, which downgrades a previous NCI report of it as an "animal positive" carcinogen. IARC has designated carbon black as Group 2B - inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity in humans, but sufficient evidence in experimental animals. In 2006 IARC reaffirmed its 1995 finding that there is "inadequate evidence" from human health studies to assesswhether carbon black causes cancer in humans. Further, epidemiological evidence from well-conductedinvestigations has shown no causative link between carbon black exposure and the risk of malignant or non-malignant respiratory disease in humans.withheld.The above Nonylphenol ethoxylate compound is listed by ECHA as an SVHC.FIRST AID - EYE CONTACT: Flush eyes immediately with large amount of water for at least 15 minutes holding eyelids open while flushing. Get prompt medical attention.FIRST AID - SKIN CONTACT: Flush contaminated skin with large amounts of water while removing contaminated clothing. Wash affected skin areas with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.FIRST AID - INHALATION: Move person to fresh air. Restore and support continued breathing. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get immediate medical attention.FIRST AID - INGESTION: If swallowed, do not induce vomiting. Call a physician or poison control center immediately for further instructions. Never give anything by mouth if victim is rapidly losing consciousness, unconscious or convulsing.SUITABLE EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Carbon Dioxide, Dry Chemical, Foam, Water FogUNSUITABLE EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Not determined for this product.SPECIFIC HAZARDS POSSIBLY ARISING FROM THE CHEMICAL: Keep containers tightly closed. Closed containers may rupture when exposed to extreme heat. Use water spray to keep fire exposed containers cool. WARNING: Due to the combustible nature of the dried film of this product and the potential for smoldering or fire, the accumulation and buildup of the dried film on spray booth walls and floors, spindles, fixtures and other surfaces should be avoided, and any buildup should be removed. Keep the dried film accumulations away from sparks, friction, impact, high heat (>235 F/>112 C) or other sources of ignition. These conditions could cause the dried film to ignite very readily and quickly, and the resulting smoldering or fire may be difficult to extinguish. During removal of accumulation/buildup of this product, take precautions to avoid heat, friction and impact during the cleaning process. Use paint stripper, brass brush, or plastic scraper for cleaning. In the event of smoldering or a fire involving the dried product, Cold Fire®** fire suppressing agent is preferred as the extinguishing medium. If Cold Fire® is not available, use water spray as the extinguishing medium. Take efforts to ensure that these agents reach the base of the smoldering or fire. Parker-LORD Corporation will not be responsible for personal injuries, property damage or any other damages arising from the accumulation (buildup, cleaning/removal or any related smoldering or fire) resulting from the use of this product. Refer to the Chemlok® Safe Handling Guide for additional information. **NOTE: Parker-LORD Corporation has determined Cold Fire® fire suppressing agent to be effective in extinguishing fires involving dried Chemlok® adhesives. Parker-LORD does not recommend any particular equipment or system for use in delivering or applying Cold Fire® products. Customer is responsible for determining that Cold Fire® products and any delivery equipment or system is appropriate and effective for customer's specific needs. During a fire, irritating and/or toxic gases and particulate may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND PRECAUTIONS FOR FIRE-FIGHTERS: Wear full firefighting protective clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). If water is used, fog nozzles are preferable.PERSONAL PRECAUTIONS, PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES: Avoid breathing vapors. Avoid contact. Use appropriate respiratory protection for large spills or spills in confined area.ENVIRONMENTAL PRECAUTIONS: Do not contaminate bodies of water, waterways, or ditches, with chemical or used container.METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR CONTAINMENT AND CLEANUP: Notify appropriate authorities if necessary. Contain and remove with inert absorbent material. Avoid contact. Keep non-essential personnel away from spill area. Before attempting cleanup, refer to hazard caution information in other sections of the SDS form.HANDLING: Keep closure tight and container upright to prevent leakage. Avoid skin and eye contact. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Empty containers should not be re-used. Use with adequate ventilation.STORAGE: Store only in well-ventilated areas. Keep from freezing. Keep container closed when not in use.INCOMPATIBILITY: Strong acids, bases, and strong oxidizers.Engineering controls: Sufficient ventilation in pattern and volume should be provided in order to maintain air contaminant levels below recommended exposure limits.PERSONAL PROTECTION MEASURES/EQUIPMENT:RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Use a NIOSH approved chemical/mechanical filter respirator designed to remove a combination of particulates and organic vapor if occupational limits are exceeded. For emergencysituations, confined space use, or other conditions where exposure limits may be greatly exceeded, use an approved air-supplied respirator. For respirator use observe OSHA regulations (29CFR 1910.134) or use in accordance with applicable laws and regulations of your country or particular locality.SKIN PROTECTION: Use neoprene, nitrile, or rubber gloves to prevent skin contact.EYE PROTECTION: Use safety eyewear including safety glasses with side shields and chemical goggles where splashing may occur.OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse.HYGIENIC PRACTICES: Wash hands before eating, smoking, or using toilet facility. Do not smoke in any chemical handling or storage area. Food or beverages should not be consumed anywhere this product is handled or stored. Wash thoroughly after handling.Typical values, not to be used for specification purposes.ODOR: Odorless VAPOR PRESSURE: N.D.APPEARANCE: Green/Black VAPOR DENSITY: Heavier than Air PHYSICAL STATE: Liquid LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT: Not ApplicableUPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT: Not ApplicableFLASH POINT:≥ 201 °F, 93 °CSetaflash Closed CupBOILING RANGE: 100 °C EVAPORATION RATE: Slower than n-butyl-acetate AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE:N.D.DENSITY: 1.18 g/cm3 (9.83 lb/gal) DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE:N.D. VISCOSITY, DYNAMIC: N.D.ODOR THRESHOLD: N.D.VISCOSITY, KINEMATIC: N.D.SOLUBILITY IN H2O: Soluble VOLATILE BY WEIGHT: 52.14 %pH: 6.0VOLATILE BY VOLUME: 61.54 %FREEZE POINT: N.D. VOC CALCULATED: 0.02 lb/gal, 3 g/l COEFFICIENT OF WATER/OILN.D.DISTRIBUTION:LEGEND: N.A. - Not Applicable, N.E. - Not Established, N.D. - Not DeterminedHAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Hazardous polymerization will not occur under normal conditions.STABILITY: Product is stable under normal storage conditions.CONDITIONS TO AVOID: High temperatures.; For dried product issues, refer to Section 5 of the (M)SDS. INCOMPATIBILITY: Strong acids, bases, and strong oxidizers.HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Decomposition due to high temperatures or a fire causes the formation of irritating and/or toxic gases, organic vapors or fumes., May contain CO, CO2, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, halogenated by-products, Metal oxidesEXPOSURE PATH: Refer to section 2 of this SDS.SYMPTOMS:Refer to section 2 of this SDS.TOXICITY MEASURES:Germ cell mutagenicity: No classification proposedCarcinogenicity: Category 2 - Suspected of causing cancer.Components contributing to classification: Curative.Reproductive toxicity: No classification proposedPERSISTENCE AND DEGRADABILITY:Not determined for this product.BIOACCUMULATIVE: Not determined for this product.MOBILITY IN SOIL: Not determined for this product.OTHER ADVERSE EFFECTS: Not determined for this product.DISPOSAL METHOD: Disposal should be done in accordance with Federal (40CFR Part 261), state and local environmental control regulations. If waste is determined to be hazardous, use licensed hazardous waste transporter and disposal facility. Waste streams, including the dried adhesive residue, resulting from the use of this product should be tested for RCRA characteristics, including ignitability, to determine any applicable waste classifications.US DOT RoadProper Shipping Name: Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s.Hazard Class: 9SECONDARY HAZARD: NoneUN/NA Number: 3082Packing Group: IIIEmergency Response Guide Number: 171For US DOT non-bulk road shipments this material may be classified as NOT REGULATED. For the mostaccurate shipping information, refer to your transportation/compliance department regarding changes inpackage size, mode of shipment or other regulatory descriptors.IATA CargoPROPER SHIPPING NAME: Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s.Hazard Class: 9HAZARD CLASS: NoneUN NUMBER: 3082PACKING GROUP: IIIEMS: 9LIMDGPROPER SHIPPING NAME: Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s.Hazard Class: 9HAZARD CLASS: NoneUN NUMBER: 3082PACKING GROUP: IIIEMS: F-AThe listed transportation classification applies to non-bulk shipments. It does not address regulatory variations due to changes in package size, mode of shipment or other regulatory descriptors. For the most accurate shipping information, refer to your transportation/compliance department.U.S. FEDERAL REGULATIONS: AS FOLLOWS:SARA SECTION 313This product contains the following substances subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 and 40 CFR part 372.:Chemical Name CAS Number Weight % Less ThanZinc compound PROPRIETARY10.0%TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT:INVENTORY STATUSThe chemical substances in this product are on the active TSCA Section 8 Inventory or exempt.EXPORT NOTIFICATIONThis product contains the following chemical substances subject to the reporting requirements of TSCA 12(B) if exported from the United States:NoneUnder HazCom 2012 it is optional to continue using the HMIS rating system. It is important to ensure employees have been trained to recognize the different numeric ratings associated with the HazCom 2012 and HMIS schemes.HMIS RATINGS - HEALTH: 2* FLAMMABILITY: 1 PHYSICAL HAZARD: 0* - Indicates a chronic hazard; see Section 2Revision: Company LogoEffective Date: 06/30/2021The information contained herein is, to the best of our knowledge and belief, accurate. However, since the conditions of handling and use are beyond our control, we make no guarantee of results, and assume no liability for damages incurred by use of this material. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations.。
阿拉丁(aladdin)LC-MS溶剂中文版目录
LC-MS 级溶剂1/2LC-MS 级溶剂LC-MS 级溶剂有着灵敏度更高的、使用更便捷的高效液相色谱质谱联用仪器（LC-MS）的问世，LC-MS 迅速地成为制药、生物化工、化学合成、环境保护和食品科学等领域的一种首选的分析工具。
提供一种绝对无杂质干扰的LC-MS 级溶剂，可确保LC-MS 分析达到最优化的条件和最优化的特性，同时可保证LC-MS 分析仪器和色谱柱有更长的的使用寿命。
阿拉丁的LC-MS 溶剂是是阿拉丁为拓展LC-MS 的应用而精心开发的最高级别的溶剂产品。
阿拉丁应用最先进的净化和控制技术，经过极其严格的脱杂处理制成。
阿拉丁使用严格的多层次质量控制和特别包装，可以保证每一批次阿拉丁LC-MS 溶剂的产品质量，确保其优异的批次稳定性。
阿拉丁LC-MS 溶剂是经过特别加工精制的溶剂，满足现代LC-MS 仪的需要，具有非常低的有机物杂质、金属杂质和微粒，具有极低的背景吸收，是您在使用LC-MS 和HPLC 时的最理想选择。
特点•低挥发物残留•低背景•低杂质•批次稳定性•低UV 吸收•低离子含量•通过梯度洗脱检测•经0.2µm 膜过滤•惰性气体封装应用适合≤ppb 级高灵敏度LC-MS 分析和其他需要极低污染和化学噪音的应用.LC-MS 级溶剂适合≤ppb 级高灵敏度LC-MS 分析和其他需要极低污染和化学噪音的应用.货号 品名 规格 CAS 包装2/2LC-MS 级溶剂A120771乙腈Acetonitrile LC-MS 75-05-81L, 6×1L 2.5L, 4×2.5L W119425水Water LC-MS 7732-18-51L4L ,4×4L M116125甲醇MethanolLC-MS 67-56-11L4L , 4×4L I112019异丙醇Isopropyl Alcohol LC-MS 67-63-01L 2.5L E116141乙酸乙酯Ethylacetate LC-MS 141-78-61L 2.5L H120773正己烷n-Hexane LC-MS 110-54-31L 2.5L H120772正庚烷HeptaneLC-MS142-82-51L 2.5LT103297三氟乙酸Trifluoroacetic acid LC-MS 76-05-110ml 1L F112037甲酸 Formate LC-MS 64-18-625ml 100ml A116168乙酸 AcetateLC-MS 64-19-7100mL 500mL A100186甲酸铵Ammonium formate LC-MS 540-69-250G A112060乙酸铵Ammonium acetate LC-MS 631-61-825G 100G A11208425%氨水溶液Ammonia solution LC-MS 1336-21-6100mL T103290三乙胺TriethylamineLC-MS121-44-850mL货号 品名 规格 CAS 包装LC-MS 流动相添加剂。
常用蛋白酶切割位点
4.溴化氰处理，专一性的切割甲硫氨酸羧基端的肽键。
SIGMA, Roche
Benzamidine-Agarose
Factor Xa
Ile-Glu/Asp-Gly-Arg▼?
I-E/D-G-R▼
Amersham-Biosciences,
New England Biolabs,
Roche
Benzamidine-Agarose
Enterokinase
Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys▼
羧肽酶
羧肽酶B可以切割C端的Lys或Arg；羧肽酶A可以切割C端除了Lys、Arg、Pro的氨基酸，但如果倒数第二个氨基酸为Pro两种羧肽酶均不能作用
1.胰蛋白酶属肽链内切酶，能把多肽链中Lys和Arg残基中的羧基侧切断。
2.胰凝乳蛋白酶（亦称糜蛋白酶）属肽链内切酶，主要切断多肽链中的芳香族氨基酸（Phe、Trp、Tyr）残基的羧基一侧。
LifeSensors
Ni-NTA (6His recomb. enzyme)
Kex-2
-Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg▼
Invitrogen – Life Technologies,
Ni-NTA (6His recomb. enzyme)
KEX2对arg的专一性高，要求最重要。
Arg前为lys效率最高，不切-Arg-lys，Pro影响KEX2切割
Ni-NTA (6His recomb. TEV)
PreScission
Leu-Glu-Val-Leu-Phe-Gln▼Gly-Pro
(完整word版)USP38通用章节目录中文
USP38-通用章节指导目录(附录)Guide to General Chapters 通用章节指导General Requirements for Test and Assays检查与含量分析的一般要求＜1＞INJECTIONS AND IMPLANTED DRUG PRODUCTS (PARENTERALS)—PRODUCT QUALITY TESTS 注射和植入药物产品(注射用) —产品质量测试＜1＞INJECTIONS注射剂＜2＞ORAL DRUG PRODUCTS—PRODUCT QUALITY TESTS 口服药物产品质量测试＜3＞TOPICAL AND TRANSDERMAL DRUG PRODUCTS—PRODUCT QUALITY TESTS 局部和透皮药物产品—产品质量测试＜4＞MUCOSAL DRUG PRODUCTS—PRODUCT QUALITY TESTS 粘膜药物产品质量测试＜5＞INHALATION AND NASAL DRUG PRODUCTS—GENERAL INFORMATION AND PRODUCT QUALITY TESTS 吸入剂产品—产品质量测试＜7＞LABELING 标签＜11＞USP REFERENCE STANDARDS USP标准品Apparatus for Test and Assays用于检查与含量分析的器具＜17＞PRESCRIPTION CONTAINER LABELING处方容器标签＜21＞THERMOMETERS温度计＜31＞VOLUMETRIC APPARATUS容量器具＜41＞BALANCES天平Microbiological Tests 微生物检查法＜51＞ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS TESTING抗菌剂有效性检查法＜55＞BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS—RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE TESTS生物指示剂－耐药性实验＜61＞MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF NONSTERILE PRODUCTS: MICROBIAL ENUMERATION TESTS非无菌产品的微生物限度检查：微生物列举检查法＜62＞MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF NONSTERILE PRODUCTS: TESTS FOR SPECIFIED MICROORGANISMS 非无菌产品的微生物限度检查：特定微生物检查法＜63＞MYCOPLASMA TESTS 支原体检查法＜71＞STERILITY TESTS无菌检查法Biological tests and assays生物检查法与测定法＜81＞ANTIBIOTICS—MICROBIAL ASSAYS抗生素－微生物测定＜85＞BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS TEST细菌内毒素检查法＜87＞BIOLOGICAL REACTIVITY TESTS, IN VITRO体外的生物反应性检查法＜88＞BIOLOGICAL REACTIVITY TESTS, IN VIVO 体内的生物反应性检查法＜89＞ENZYMES USED AS ANCILLARY MATERIALS IN PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING 药品生产中酶作为辅料所使用＜90＞FETAL BOVINE SERUM—QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND FUNCTIONALITY TESTS 牛胎儿血清-质量品质和功能检查法＜91＞CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE ASSAY泛酸钙测定法＜92＞GROWTH FACTORS AND CYTOKINES USED IN CELL THERAPY MANUFACTURING 在细胞疗法中使用生长因子和细胞因子＜111＞DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS 生物测定法的设计与分析＜115＞DEXPANTHENOL ASSAY右泛醇（拟胆碱药）测定法＜121＞INSULIN ASSAYS胰岛素测定法＜121.1＞PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR INSULINS胰岛素的物理化学分析程序＜123＞GLUCAGON BIOIDENTITY TESTS 高血糖素的生物鉴别检查法＜124＞ERYTHROPOIETIN BIOASSAYS 红细胞生成素的微生物测定＜126＞SOMATROPIN BIOIDENTITY TESTS 生长激素的生物鉴别检查法＜130＞PROTEIN A QUALITY ATTRIBUTES 蛋白质A的质量特征＜151＞PYROGEN TEST热原检查法＜161＞TRANSFUSION AND INFUSION ASSEMBLIES AND SIMILAR MEDICAL DEVICES 输血输液用具以及相类似的医疗器械＜171＞VITAMIN B12 ACTIVITY ASSAY……2548维生素B12活性测定法Chemical Tests and assays化学实验检查与测定法鉴别检查＜181＞IDENTIFICATION—ORGANIC NITROGENOUS BASES鉴别－有机氮碱化合物＜191＞IDENTIFICATION TESTS—GENERAL鉴别实验－通用＜193＞IDENTIFICATION—TETRACYCLINES鉴别－四环素类＜197＞SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION TESTS分光光度计鉴别实验＜201＞THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION TEST薄层色谱鉴别实验Limit Tests 限度检查法＜206＞ALUMINUM铝＜207＞TEST FOR 1,6-ANHYDRO DERIV ATIVE FOR ENOXAPARIN SODIUM依诺肝素钠的酐类衍生物实验＜208＞ANTI-FACTOR Xa AND ANTI-FACTOR IIa ASSAYS FOR UNFRACTIONATED AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARINS普通肝素和低分子肝素产品中抗体Xa和抗体IIa测定＜209＞LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATIONS 低分子肝素钠分子量测定＜211＞ARSENIC砷＜221＞CHLORIDE AND SULFATE氯和硫＜223＞DIMETHYLANILINE二甲基苯胺＜226＞4-EPIANHYDRO-TETRACYCLINE4－？－四环素＜227＞4-AMINOPHENOL IN ACETAMINOPHEN-CONTAINING DRUG PRODUCTS 对乙酰氨酚药物产品中氨基酚＜228＞ETHYLENE OXIDE AND DIOXANE 环氧乙烷和二氧六环＜231＞HEA VY METALS重金属（删除）＜232＞ELEMENTAL IMPURITIES—LIMITS 元素杂质-限度＜233＞ELEMENTAL IMPURITIES—PROCEDURES 元素杂质-规程＜241＞IRON铁＜251＞LEAD铅＜261＞MERCURY汞＜267＞POROSIMETRY BY MERCURY INTRUSION 水银孔隙仪＜268＞POROSITY BY NITROGEN ADSORPTION–DESORPTION 氮吸附-解吸测定孔隙率＜271＞READILY CARBONIZABLE SUBSTANCES TEST易碳化物检查法＜281＞RESIDUE ON IGNITION炽灼残渣＜291＞SELENIUM硒Other Tests and Assays 其它检查法与测定法＜301＞ACID-NEUTRALIZING CAPACITY酸中和容量＜311＞ALGINATES ASSAY藻酸盐测定法＜341＞ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS—CONTENT 抗菌剂－含量＜345＞Assay for Citric Acid/Citrate and Phosphate 柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐和磷酸盐的测定＜351＞ASSAY FOR STEROIDS类固醇（甾类化合物）测定法＜361> BARBITURATE ASSAY 巴比妥类药物测定法＜371＞COBALAMIN RADIOTRACER ASSAY钴铵素放射性跟踪剂测定法＜381＞ELASTOMERIC CLOSURES FOR INJECTIONS 注射剂的弹性密封件＜391＞EPINEPHRINE ASSAY肾上腺素测定法＜401＞FATS AND FIXED OILS脂肪与混合油＜411＞FOLIC ACID ASSAY叶酸测定法＜413＞IMPURITIES TESTING IN MEDICAL GASES 医用气体杂质检查＜415＞MEDICAL GASES ASSAY 医用气体含量检查＜425＞IODOMETRIC ASSAY—ANTIBIOTICS碘量检查法－抗生素＜429＞LIGHT DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENT OF PARTICLE SIZE粒径的光衍射测量法＜431＞METHOXY DETERMINATION甲氧基测定法＜441＞NIACIN OR NIACINAMIDE ASSAY 烟酰或烟酰胺测定法＜451＞NITRITE TITRATION亚硝酸盐滴定＜461＞NITROGEN DETERMINATION氮测定法＜466＞ORDINARY IMPURITIES一般杂质＜467＞RESIDUAL SOLVENTS残留溶剂＜469＞ETHYLENE GLYCOL, DIETHYLENE GLYCOL, AND TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL IN ETHOXYLATED SUBSTANCES乙氧基物质中乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇测定＜471＞OXYGEN FLASK COMBUSTION氧瓶燃烧法＜481＞RIBOFLAVIN ASSAY核黄素（维生素B2）测定法＜501＞SALTS OF ORGANIC NITROGENOUS BASES有机氮盐＜503＞ACETIC ACID IN PEPTIDES 多肽类中乙酸测定＜511＞SINGLE-STEROID ASSAY单一的类固醇测定法＜525＞SULFUR DIOXIDE 二氧化硫＜531＞THIAMINE ASSAY硫胺素测定法＜541＞TITRIMETRY滴定法＜551＞VITAMIN E ASSAY维生素E测定法＜561＞ARTICLES OF BOTANICAL ORIGIN植物起源的药品＜563＞IDENTIFICATION OF ARTICLES OF BOTANICAL ORIGIN植物药品的鉴别＜565＞BOTANICAL EXTRACTS植物提取＜571＞VITAMIN A ASSAY维生素A测定法＜581＞VITAMIN D ASSAY维生素D测定法＜591＞ZINC DETERMINATION锌的测定法Physical Test and Determinations物理检查与测定法＜601＞INHALATION AND NASAL DRUG PRODUCTS: AEROSOLS, SPRAYS, AND POWDERS—PERFORMANCE QUALITY TESTS吸入剂、鼻雾剂：气溶胶，喷雾，干粉-质量通则＜602＞PROPELLANTS 推进剂＜603＞TOPICAL AEROSOLS 局部喷雾剂＜604＞LEAK RATE 渗漏率＜610＞ALTERNATIVE MICROBIOLOGICAL SAMPLING METHODS FOR NONSTERILE INHALED AND NASAL PRODUCTS非无菌吸入和鼻雾剂可供选择的微生物取样方法＜611＞ALCOHOL DETERMINATION乙醇测定法＜616＞BULK DENSITY AND TAPPED DENSITY堆密度与振实密度＜621＞CHROMATOGRAPHY色谱法＜631＞COLOR AND ACHROMICITY呈色与消色＜641＞COMPLETENESS OF SOLUTION溶解度＜643＞TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON总有机碳＜645＞W ATER CONDUCTIVITY水电导率＜651＞CONGEALING TEMPERATURE凝点温度＜659＞PACKAGING AND STORAGE REQUIREMENTS 包装和储藏要求＜660＞CONTAINERS—GLASS 容器-玻璃＜661＞CONTAINERS—PLASTICS容器-塑料＜670＞AUXILIARY PACKAGING COMPONENTS 辅助包装部件＜671＞CONTAINERS—PERFORMANCE TESTING容器－性能测试＜691＞COTTON棉花＜695＞CRYSTALLINITY结晶度＜696＞CHARACTERIZATION OF CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS BY MICROCALORIMETRY AND SOLUTION CALORIMETRY 通过溶液量热学测定结晶性＜697＞CONTAINER CONTENT FOR INJECTIONS 注射剂容器容积＜698＞DELIVERABLE VOLUME抽取体积＜699＞DENSITY OF SOLIDS固体密度＜701＞DISINTEGRATION崩解时限＜705＞QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF TABLETS LABELED AS HA VING A FUNCTIONAL SCORE ？＜711＞DISSOLUTION 溶出度＜721＞DISTILLING RANGE馏程＜724＞DRUG RELEASE药物释放度＜729＞GLOBULE SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN LIPID INJECTABLE EMULSIONS脂类可注射的乳剂的粒径分布＜730＞Plasma Spectrochemistry 血浆光谱化学？＜731＞LOSS ON DRYING4干燥失重＜733＞LOSS ON IGNITION灼烧失重＜735＞X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY X射线光谱＜736＞MASS SPECTROMETRY 质谱＜741＞MELTING RANGE OR TEMPERATURE熔距或熔点＜751＞METAL PARTICLES IN OPHTHALMIC OINTMENTS眼用软膏中的金属粒子＜755＞MINIMUM FILL最低装量＜761＞NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE核磁共振＜771＞OPHTHALMIC OINTMENTS眼用软膏＜776＞OPTICAL MICROSCOPY光学显微镜＜781＞OPTICAL ROTATION旋光度＜785＞OSMOLALITY AND OSMOLARITY渗透压＜786＞PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ESTIMATION BY ANALYTICAL SIEVING 筛分法估算粒径分布＜787＞SUBVISIBLE PARTICULATE MATTER IN THERAPEUTIC PROTEIN INJECTIONS显微计数法在治疗性蛋白注射剂中应用＜788＞PARTICULATE MATTER IN INJECTIONS注射剂中的不溶性微粒＜789＞PARTICULATE MATTER IN OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS眼用溶液中的不溶性微粒＜790＞VISIBLE PARTICULATES IN INJECTIONS 注射剂中可见异物＜791＞pH＜795＞PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDING—NONSTERILE PREPARATIONS药物混合－非无菌制剂＜797＞PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDING—STERILE PREPARATIONS药物混合－无菌制剂＜801＞POLAROGRAPHY极谱法＜811＞POWDER FINENESS粉剂细度＜821＞RADIOACTIVITY放射性＜823＞POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUGS FOR COMPOUNDING, INVESTIGATIONAL, AND RESEARCH USES用于正电子发射断层造影术的放射性药物＜831＞REFRACTIVE INDEX折光率＜841＞SPECIFIC GRAVITY比重＜846＞SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA 比表面积＜851＞SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND LIGHT-SCATTERING分光光度计与光散射＜852＞ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY 原子吸收光谱＜853＞FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY 荧光光谱＜854＞MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 中红外光谱＜857＞ULTRAVIOLET-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY 紫外可见光谱＜861＞SUTURES—DIAMETER缝线－直径？＜871＞SUTURES—NEEDLE ATTACHMENT缝线－穿孔实验＜881＞TENSILE STRENGTH张力＜891＞THERMAL ANALYSIS热分析＜905＞UNIFORMITY OF DOSAGE UNITS制剂单位的含量均匀度＜911＞VISCOSITY—CAPILLARY METHODS黏度-毛细管法＜912＞VISCOSITY—ROTATIONAL METHODS 黏度-旋转法＜913＞VISCOSITY—ROLLING BALL METHOD 黏度-球法＜921＞W ATER DETERMINATION水分测定＜941＞CHARACTERIZATION OF CRYSTALLINE AND PARTIALLY CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS BY X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION (XRPD)X光衍射General Information通用信息＜1005＞ACOUSTIC EMISSION 声频发射＜1010＞ANALYTICAL DATA—INTERPRETATION AND TREATMENT分析数据－解释与处理＜1015＞AUTOMATED RADIOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS APPARATUS放射性自动合成装置＜1024＞BOVINE SERUM 牛血清＜1027＞FLOW CYTOMETRY 流式细胞仪＜1030＞BIOLOGICAL ASSAY CHAPTERS—OVERVIEW AND GLOSSARY生物测定章节-综述和术语＜1031＞THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF MATERIALS USED IN DRUG CONTAINERS, MEDICAL DEVICES, AND IMPLANTS用于药物容器、医疗设施和植入剂的材料的生物相容性＜1034＞ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS 生物测定分析＜1035＞BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR STERILIZATION灭菌用生物指示剂＜1041＞BIOLOGICS生物制剂＜1043＞Ancillary Material for Cell, Gene, and Tissue-Engineered Products细胞，基因与组织设计产品的辅助材料＜1044＞CRYOPRESERV ATION OF CELLS 细胞低温保存＜1045＞BIOTECHNOLOGY-DERIVED ARTICLES生物技术提取产品＜1046＞CELLULAR AND TISSUE-BASED PRODUCTS细胞与组织产品＜1047＞GENE THERAPY PRODUCTS 基因治疗产品＜1048＞QUALITY OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS: ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSION CONSTRUCT IN CELLS USED FOR PRODUCTION OF r-DNA DERIVED PROTEIN PRODUCTS 生物技术产品的质量：从蛋白质产品中提取的r-DNA产品在细胞中表达结构的分析＜1049＞QUALITY OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS: STABILITY TESTING OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL/BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS生物技术产品的质量：生物技术/生物产品的稳定性实验＜1050＞VIRAL SAFETY EV ALUATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM CELL LINES OF HUMAN OR ANIMAL ORIGIN从人或动物细胞中提取的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估＜1051＞CLEANING GLASS APPARATUS玻璃容器的清洗＜1052＞BIOTECHNOLOGY-DERIVED ARTICLES—AMINO ACID ANALYSIS生物技术提取法-氨基酸测定＜1053＞CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS 毛细管电泳法＜1054＞BIOTECHNOLOGY-DERIVED ARTICLES—ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING生物技术提取法-等电点聚集＜1055＞BIOTECHNOLOGY-DERIVED ARTICLES—PEPTIDE MAPPING生物技术提取法-肽谱＜1056＞BIOTECHNOLOGY-DERIVED ARTICLES—POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 生物技术提取法-凝胶电泳＜1057＞BIOTECHNOLOGY-DERIVED ARTICLES—TOTAL PROTEIN ASSAY生物技术提取法-总蛋白测定＜1058＞ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT QUALIFICATION 分析仪器要求＜1059＞EXCIPIENT PERFORMANCE 赋形剂＜1061＞COLOR—INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT显色－仪器测量＜1065＞Ion Chromatography 离子色谱法＜1066＞PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS THAT PROMOTE SAFE MEDICATION USE物理环境促使安全使用药物＜1072＞DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS 消毒剂和防腐剂＜1074＞EXCIPIENT BIOLOGICAL SAFETY EV ALUATION GUIDELINES赋形剂（辅料）生物安全性评估指导＜1078＞GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR BULK PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS 批药品赋形剂的生产管理规范＜1079＞Good Storage and Shipping Practices 良好的贮存与运输规范＜1080＞BULK PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS—CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS批药品赋形剂-COA＜1084＞GLYCOPROTEIN AND GLYCAN ANALYSIS—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 糖蛋白和多糖分析-一般通则＜1086＞IMPURITIES IN DRUG SUBSTANCES AND DRUG PRODUCTS药物和药物产品中的杂质＜1087＞APPARENT INTRINSIC DISSOLUTION—DISSOLUTION TESTING PROCEDURES FOR ROTATING DISK AND STATIONARY DISK内部的溶出度-旋转和静止溶出检测程序？＜1088＞IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EV ALUATION OF DOSAGE FORMS体内与体外的剂型的评估＜1090＞ASSESSMENT OF DRUG PRODUCT PERFORMANCE-BIOAV AILABILITY, BIOEQUIV ALENCE, AND DISSOLUTION药物产品性能评估：生物利用度、生物等效性和溶出＜1091＞LABELING OF INACTIVE INGREDIENTS非活性成分的标示＜1092＞THE DISSOLUTION PROCEDURE: DEVELOPMENT AND V ALIDATION溶出程序：开发与验证＜1094＞CAPSULES—DISSOLUTION TESTING AND RELATED QUALITY ATTRIBUTES 胶囊-关于产品质量的溶出测定＜1097＞BULK POWDER SAMPLING PROCEDURES：粉末样品取样程序＜1102＞IMMUNOLOGICAL TEST METHODS—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS免疫测试方法-总则＜1103＞IMMUNOLOGICAL TEST METHODS—ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) 免疫学测试方法-酶联免疫吸附测定＜1104＞IMMUNOLOGICAL TEST METHODS—IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS免疫测试方法-免疫印迹法＜1105＞IMMUNOLOGICAL TEST METHODS—SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE 免疫测试方法-表面等离子体共振＜1106＞IMMUNOGENICITY ASSAYS—DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF IMMUNOASSAYS TO DETECT ANTI-DRUG ANTIBODIES？＜1111＞MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF NONSTERILE PRODUCTS: ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS AND SUBSTANCES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL USE非无菌产品的微生物学检查：药用制剂和制药过程使用的物质接受标准＜1112＞MICROBIAL CHARACTERIZATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND STRAIN TYPING 非无菌药物产品水活性测定应用＜1113＞MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF NONSTERILE PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS 非无菌药品中的微生物分布＜1115＞BIOBURDEN CONTROL OF NONSTERILE DRUG SUBSTANCES AND PRODUCTS 非无菌药物和产品的生物负载控制＜1116＞MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL AND MONITORING OF ASEPTIC PROCESSING ENVIRONMENTS洁净的房间与其它可控环境的微生物评估＜1117＞MICROBIOLOGICAL BEST LABORATORY PRACTICES 微生物最优实验室规范＜1118＞MONITORING DEVICES—TIME, TEMPERATURE, AND HUMIDITY监控装置－时间、温度与湿度＜1119＞NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY近红外分光光度测定法＜1120＞Raman Spectrophotometry 拉曼分光光度测定法＜1121＞NOMENCLATURE命名＜1125＞NUCLEIC ACID-BASED TECHNIQUES—GENERAL 核酸技术-通则＜1126＞NUCLEIC ACID-BASED TECHNIQUES—EXTRACTION, DETECTION, AND SEQUENCING 核酸技术-提取、检测、测序＜1127＞NUCLEIC ACID-BASED TECHNIQUES—AMPLIFICATION 核酸技术-扩增＜1128＞NUCLEIC ACID-BASED TECHNIQUES—MICROARRAY 核酸技术-微阵列＜1129＞NUCLEIC ACID-BASED TECHNIQUES—GENOTYPING 核酸技术-基因分型＜1130＞NUCLEIC ACID-BASED TECHNIQUES—APPROACHES FOR DETECTING TRACE NUCLEIC ACIDS (RESIDUAL DNA TESTING)核酸技术-探测微量核酸的应用（残留DNA测试）＜1136＞PACKAGING AND REPACKAGING—SINGLE-UNIT CONTAINERS包装和再包装－单一容器＜1151＞PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS药物剂型＜1152＞ANIMAL DRUGS FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEEDS兽药在动物饲料中的使用＜1160＞PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATIONS IN PRESCRIPTION COMPOUNDING 按处方混合的药物的计算＜1163＞QUALITY ASSURANCE IN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDING按处方混合的药物的质量保证＜1171＞PHASE-SOLUBILITY ANALYSIS相溶解分析＜1174＞Powder Flow 粉末流动性＜1176＞PRESCRIPTION BALANCES AND VOLUMETRIC APPARATUS 处方天平与容量器具＜1177＞Good Packaging Practices 良好的包装操作＜1178＞Good Repackaging Practices 良好的再包装操作＜1180＞HUMAN PLASMA 人血浆＜1181＞SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY扫描电子显微镜＜1184＞SENSITIZATION TESTING 致敏测试＜1191＞STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS IN DISPENSING PRACTICE分装操作中稳定性考察＜1195＞SIGNIFICANT CHANGE GUIDE FOR BULK PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS 散装药用辅料更换指导原则＜1197＞GOOD DISTRIBUTION PRACTICES FOR BULK PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS 散装药用辅料良好的分装操作＜1207＞STERILE PRODUCT PACKAGING—INTEGRITY EV ALUATION无菌产品包装－完整性评估＜1208＞STERILITY TESTING—V ALIDATION OF ISOLATOR SYSTEMS无菌实验－隔离系统的验证＜1209＞STERILIZATION—CHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL INDICATORS AND INTEGRATORS灭菌－化学与物理化学的指示剂以及二者的综合＜1211＞STERILIZATION AND STERILITY ASSURANCE OF COMPENDIAL ARTICLES 药典物品中的灭菌与灭菌保证＜1216＞TABLET FRIABILITY片剂的脆碎度＜1217＞TABLET BREAKING FORCE 片剂断裂力＜1222＞TERMINALLY STERILIZED PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS—PARAMETRIC RELEASE 药品终端灭菌－放行参数＜1223＞V ALIDATION OF ALTERNATIVE MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS可供选择的微生物学方法的验证＜1224＞TRANSFER OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 分析方法转移＜1225＞V ALIDATION OF COMPENDIAL PROCEDURES药典方法的验证＜1226＞VERIFICATION OF COMPENDIAL PROCEDURES 药典方法的确认＜1227＞V ALIDATION OF MICROBIAL RECOVERY FROM PHARMACOPEIAL ARTICLES从药物中回收微生物的验证＜1229＞STERILIZATION OF COMPENDIAL ARTICLES 药典灭菌过程＜1229.1＞STEAM STERILIZATION BY DIRECT CONTACT 直接蒸汽灭菌＜1229.2＞MOIST HEAT STERILIZATION OF AQUEOUS LIQUIDS 水溶液的湿热灭菌＜1229.3＞MONITORING OF BIOBURDEN 生物负载监控＜1229.4＞STERILIZING FILTRATION OF LIQUIDS 溶液的无菌过滤器＜1229.6＞LIQUID-PHASE STERILIZATION 液态灭菌＜1229.7＞GASEOUS STERILIZATION 气态灭菌＜1229.8＞DRY HEAT STERILIZATION 干热灭菌＜1229.10＞RADIATION STERILIZATION 辐射灭菌＜1230＞W ATER FOR HEMODIALYSIS APPLICATIONS 血液透析过程用水＜1231＞W ATER FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES制药用水＜1234＞VACCINES FOR HUMAN USE—POLYSACCHARIDE AND GLYCOCONJUGATE VACCINES 人用疫苗-多糖和糖复合物疫苗＜1235＞V ACCINES FOR HUMAN USE—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 人用疫苗-通则＜1237＞VIROLOGY TEST METHODS 病毒测试方法＜1238＞V ACCINES FOR HUMAN USE—BACTERIAL V ACCINES 人用疫苗-细菌疫苗＜1240＞VIRUS TESTING OF HUMAN PLASMA FOR FURTHER MANUFACTURE下一步使用人血浆的病毒测试＜1241＞W ATER–SOLID INTERACTIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS在药物系统中水与固体的相互作用＜1251＞WEIGHING ON AN ANALYTICAL BALANCE关于分析天平的称重＜1265＞Written Prescription Drug Information－Guidelines 书面的处方药信息－指南＜1285＞PREPARATION OF BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS FOR HISTOLOGIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS为了组织和免疫组织分析的生物标本制备＜1285.1＞HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAINING OF SECTIONED TISSUE FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION显微镜观察用苏木精和伊红染色的切片＜1601＞PRODUCTS FOR NEBULIZATION—CHARACTERIZATION TESTS 产品雾化状态-性状描述＜1644＞THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS OF SOLUTIONS溶液电导值测量方法的理论与实践＜1660＞EV ALUATION OF THE INNER SURFACE DURABILITY OF GLASS CONTAINERS 玻璃容器内表面耐久性评估＜1724＞SEMISOLID DRUG PRODUCTS—PERFORMANCE TESTS 半固态药物产品-性能测试＜1736＞APPLICATIONS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 质谱应用＜1761＞APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY核磁共振光谱应用＜1787＞MEASUREMENT OF SUBVISIBLE PARTICULATE MATTER IN THERAPEUTIC PROTEIN INJECTIONS用显微镜测量方法测量治疗性蛋白注射剂的不溶性微粒＜1788＞METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN INJECTIONS AND OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS注射剂和眼用溶液的不溶性微粒测定的方法选择＜1852＞ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY—THEORY AND PRACTICE原子吸收光谱-理论与实践＜1853＞FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY—THEORY AND PRACTICE荧光光谱-理论与实践＜1854＞MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY—THEORY AND PRACTICE中红外光谱-理论与实践＜1857＞ULTRA VIOLET-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY—THEORY AND PRACTICE紫外可见光谱-理论与实践＜1911＞RHEOMETRY 流变测定Dietary Supplements营养补充剂General Tests and Assays 一般检查法与测定法＜2021＞MICROBIAL ENUMERATION TESTS—NUTRITIONAL AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS…3080微生物数量实验－营养与食品添加剂＜2022＞MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES FOR ABSENCE OF SPECIFIED MICROORGANISMS—NUTRITIONAL AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS (3083)不得检出特定微生物的程序－营养与营养补充剂＜2023>MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF NONSTERILE NUTRITIONAL AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS……3087非无菌的营养与食品添加剂中的微生物分布<2040>DISINTEGRATION AND DISSOLUTION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS (3089)食品添加剂的崩解与溶出<2091>WEIGHT V ARIATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS……3092食品添加剂的重量差异<2750>MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS (3093)食品添加剂的生产操作。
伯乐生化质控靶值表310
AlphaLISA Progesterone Detection Kit说明书
AlphaLISA Progesterone Detection KitProduct number: AL335 HV/C/FCaution: For Laboratory Use. A research product for research purposes only.o Contentso Product Information (2)o Quality Control (2)o Analyte of Interest (3)o Description of the AlphaLISA Assay (3)o Precautions (3)o Kit Content: Reagents and Materials (4)o Recommendations (4)o Assay Procedure (5)o Data Analysis (Direct) (8)o Data Analysis (Normalized) (9)o Assay Performance Characteristics (10)o Troubleshooting Guide (11)o Product InformationApplication:This kit is designed for the quantitative determination of Progesterone, using a homogeneous AlphaLISA assay (no wash steps). The assay shows negligible cross-reactivity with other biomolecules of similar structure. Sensitivity: Lower Detection Limit (LDL): 0.59 nM IC 50: 5.9 nMDynamic range: 0.59 – 1 000 nM (Figure 1).Figure. 1. Typical sensitivity curves in AlphaLISA buffer The data was generated using a white Optiplate TM-384 microplateand the EnVision ®Multilabel Plate Reader 2103 with Alpha option.Storage: Store kit in the dark at +4˚C.Stability:This kit is stable for at least 6 months from the manufacturing date when stored in its original packaging and the recommended storage conditions.o Quality ControlLot to lot consistency is confirmed in an AlphaLISA assay. Maximum and minimum signals, IC 50 and LDL were measured on the EnVision Multilabel Plate Reader with Alpha option using the protocol described in this technical data sheet. We certify that these results meet our quality release criteria. Maximum counts may vary between bead lots and the instrument used, with no impact on LDL measurement.o Analyte of InterestProgesterone is a steroid hormone that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Progesterone directs pregnancy in a multitude of ways through changes in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Most progesterone is produced in the corpus luteum. This hormone plays an important role in the nervous system as a neurosteroid, where it serves as a precursor to allopregnanolone. Progesterone serves as a metabolic intermediate for many of the corticosteroids and sex hormones.o Description of the AlphaLISA AssayAlphaLISA technology allows the detection of molecules of interest in buffer, cell culture media, serum and plasma in a highly sensitive, quantitative, reproducible and user-friendly mode. In an AlphaLISA competition assay, a Biotinylated analog of the analyte of interest, the tracer, binds to the Streptavidin-coated Alpha Donor beads, while the Anti-Analyte Antibody is conjugated to AlphaLISA Acceptor beads. In the presence of low analyte, the beads come into close proximity. The excitation of the Donor beads provokes the release of singlet oxygen molecules that triggers a cascade of energy transfer in the Acceptor beads, resulting in a sharp peak of light emission at 615 nm (Figure 2). In the presence of high analyte, the beads are separated resulting in lower emission.Figure 2. AlphaLISA Assay principle.o Precautions∙The Alpha Donor beads are light-sensitive. All the other assay reagents can be used under normal light conditions. All Alpha assays using the Donor beads should be performed under subdued laboratory lighting (< 100 lux). Green filters (LEE 090 filters (preferred) or Roscolux filters #389 from Rosco) can be applied to light fixtures.∙All blood components and biological materials should be handled as potentially hazardous.∙Some analytes are present in saliva. Take precautionary measures to avoid contamination of the reagent solutions.o Kit Content: Reagents and Materials** The number of assay points is based on an assay volume of 100 µL in 96-well or 50 µL 384-well assay plates using the kit components at the recommended concentrations.Sodium azide should not be added to the stock reagents. High concentrations of sodium azide (> 0.001 % final in the assay) might decrease the AlphaLISA signal.Specific additional required reagents and materials:The following materials are recommended:o Recommendations∙The volume indicated on each tube is guaranteed for single pipetting. Multiple pipetting of the reagents may reduce the theoretical amount left in the tube. To minimize loss when pipetting beads, it is preferable not to pre-wet the tip.∙Centrifuge all tubes (including solid analyte) before use to improve recovery of content (2000g, 10-15 sec).Re-suspend all reagents by vortexing before use.∙When diluting the standard or samples, change tips between each standard or sample dilution. When loading reagents in the assay microplate, change tips between each standard or sample addition and after each set of reagents.∙When reagents are added to the microplate, make sure the liquids are at the bottom of the well. It is recommended to the spin the microplate (1000 rpm; 1 min) prior to incubations.∙Small volumes may be prone to evaporation. It is recommended to cover microplates with TopSeal-A Adhesive Sealing Films to reduce evaporation during incubation. Microplates can be read with the TopSeal-A Film.∙The AlphaLISA signal is detected with an EnVision Multilabel Reader equipped with the Alpha option using the AlphaScreen standard settings (e.g. Total Measurement Time: 550 ms, Laser 680 nm Excitation Time: 180 ms, Mirror: D640as, Emission Filter: M570w, Center Wavelength 570 nm, Bandwidth 100 nm, Transmittance 75%).∙AlphaLISA signal will vary with temperature and incubation time. For consistent results, identical incubation times and temperature should be used for each plate.∙The standard curves shown in this technical data sheet are provided for information only. A standard curve must be generated for each experiment. The standard curve should be performed in a similar matrix as the samples (e.g.charcoal stripped serum for serum samples).∙AlphaLISA assays can be performed in cell culture medium with or without phenol red, with the following recommendations: if possible, avoid biotin-containing medium (e.g. RPMI medium) as lower counts and lower sensitivity are expected. Add at least 1% FBS or 0.1% BSA to cell culture medium.o Assay ProcedureIMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE RECOMMENDATIONS BELOW BEFORE USE∙The protocol described below is an example for generating one standard curve in a 50 µL final assay volume (48 wells, triplicate determinations). The protocols also include testing samples in 452 wells. If a different amount of samples are tested, the volumes of all reagents have to be adjusted accordingly, as shown in the table below. These calculations do not include excess reagent to account for losses during transfer of solutions or dead volumes.∙The standard dilution protocol is provided for information only. As needed, the number of replicates or the range of concentrations covered can be modified.∙Use of four MAX points in triplicate (12 wells) is recommended when LDL is calculated. One MAX point in triplicate (3 wells) can be used when LDL is not calculated∙Use of null (MIN) points in triplicate (12 wells) is recommended when normalizing data. Analyzing true signal data does not require null pointsStandard protocol (2 incubation steps) – Dilution of standards in 1X AlphaLISA Immunoassay Buffer, cell culture media or Charcoal Stripped SerumThe protocol described below is recommended for generating one standard curve in a 50 µL final assay volume (48 wells, triplicate determinations with manual pipetting) and 452 sample wells. If a different amount of samples are tested, the volumes of all reagents have to be adjusted accordingly.1) Preparation of 1X AlphaLISA ImmunoAssay Buffer:a. Add 2 mL of 10X AlphaLISA ImmunoAssay Buffer to 18 mL H2O.2) Preparation of Progesterone analyte standard dilutions:a. Progesterone analyte standard is provided as 100 μM stock solution in DMSO.The first point of the curve is10 μM so a 10-fold dilution of the solution is required.b. Prepare standard dilutions as follows (change tip between each standard dilution) in 1X AlphaLISAImmunoassay Buffer (change tip between each standard dilution):c. Prepare standard dilutions as follows (change tip between each standard dilution) in 1X AlphaLISAImmunoAssay Buffer, cell culture medium, or charcoal stripped serum:* Dilute standards in diluent (e.g. 1X AlphaLISA ImmunoAssay Buffer, cell culture medium, charcoal stripped serum).At low concentrations of analyte, a significant amount of analyte can bind to the vial. Therefore, load the analyte standard dilutions in the assay microplate within 60 minutes of preparation.** Four background points in triplicate (12 wells) are used when LDL is calculated. These represent the MAX signal in the assay. If LDL does not need to be calculated, one background point in triplicate can be used (3 wells).*** Four null points in triplicate (12 wells) are used to determine the MIN signal of the assay (lowest possible counts).These wells contain anti-Progesterone Acceptor Bead, SA-Donor Bead, and Buffer.3) Preparation of 5X AlphaLISA Anti-Progesterone Acceptor beads (100 µg/mL):a. Prepare just before useb. Add 100 µL of 5 mg/mL AlphaLISA Anti-Progesterone Acceptor beads to 4900 µL of 1X AlphaLISAImmunoAssay Buffer.4) Preparation of 2.5X MIX Biotinylated Progesterone-Tracer (250 nM) + SA-Donor Beads (50 μg/mL):a. Add 25 μL of Biotinylated Progesterone-Tracer(100 μM) in 9875 μL AlphaLISA Immunoassay Bufferb. Vortex wellc. Add 100 μL of SA-Donor beads to solutiond. Vortex welle. Incubate 30 minutes in the dark before use.5) Preparation of 2.5X Streptavidin (SA) Donor beads (50 µg/mL): FOR NULL POINTSa. Prepare just before use.b. Keep the beads under subdued laboratory lighting!c. Add 5 µL of 5 mg/mL SA-Donor beads to 495 µL of 1X AlphaLISA ImmunoAssay Buffer.6) Samples:∙If applicable, dilute samples to be tested in diluent (e.g. 1X AlphaLISA ImmunoAssay Buffer).7) In a 96- or 384-well micro plate (It is recommended to spin the plate before incubations, 1000 rpm; 1 min):o Data Analysis (Direct)∙ Calculate the average count value for the background wells.∙ Generate a standard curve by plotting the AlphaLISA counts versus the concentration of analyte. A log scale can be used for either or both axes. No additional data transformation is required.∙ Analyze data according to a nonlinear regression using the 4-parameter logistic equation (sigmoidal dose-responsecurve with variable slope) and a 1/Y 2data weighting (the values at maximal concentrations of analyte after the hook point should be removed for correct analysis).∙ The LDL is calculated by interpolating the average MAX counts (12 wells without analyte) - 3 x standard deviation value (average MAX counts - (3xSD)) on the standard curve.∙ Read from the standard curve the concentration of analyte contained in the samples.∙If samples have been diluted, the concentration read from the standard curve must be multiplied by the dilution factor.Read using EnVision Alpha ReaderAdd 20 µL of each Progesterone analyte standard dilution or 20 µL of sample Add 10 µL of 5X anti-Progesterone Acceptor Beads (20 μg/mL final)Incubate 30 minutes at 23 ˚CAdd 20 µL of 2.5X MIX: Biotinylated Proegsterone-Tracer (100 nM final)+ SA-Donor Beads (50 μg/mL final)OR 20 μL of 2.5X SA-Donor Bead (50 μg/mL final) to null point wellsIncubate 4 hours at 23 ˚C in the darko Data Analysis (Normalized)∙The Progesterone AlphaLISA Competition Assay is strongly dependent on tracer concentration. Small changes in concentration can strongly affect top and bottom counts.∙It is recommended to convert data to normalized response. This requires a set of “null points” Thes e wells contain only AlphaLISA Anti-Progesterone Acceptor Bead AlphaLISA SA-Donor Bead and buffer made up to a volume consistent with the standard curve.∙Calculate the average count value for the “null points” (12 wells without analyte or tracer).∙Generate a standard curve by plotting the AlphaLISA counts versus the concentration of analyte. A log scale can be used for the X-axis∙Normalize the data using the following equation (1-((sample counts – Avg (null points))/ Avg (MAX)))*100∙Analyze data according to a nonlinear regression using the 4-parameter logistic equation (sigmoidal normalized dose-response curve with variable slope) *Do not weight this data*∙Data will be presented as % inhibition (percentage of tracer inhibited by analyte).∙The LDL is calculated by interpolating the average normalized MAX counts (12 wells without analyte) + 3 x standard deviation value (average normalized MAX counts + (3xSD)) on the standard curve.∙Read from the standard curve the concentration of analyte contained in the samples.∙If samples have been diluted, the concentration read from the standard curve must be multiplied by the dilution factor.o Assay Performance CharacteristicsAlphaLISA assay performance described below was determined using the standard protocol.Sensitivity:The LDL was calculated as described above. The values correspond to the lowest concentration of analyte that can be detected in a volume of 20 µL using the recommended assay conditions.Assay precision:The following assay precision data were calculated from the three independent assays using two different kit lots. In each lot, the analytes were prepared in AlphaLISA Immunoassay Buffer (IAB) and charcoal stripped serum. Each assay consisted of one standard curve comprising 12 data points (each in triplicate) and 12 background wells (no analytes). The assays were performed in 384-well format using AlphaLISA ImmunoAssay Buffer.∙Intra-assay precision:The intra-assay precision was determined using a total of 10 independent determinations in triplicate. Shown CV%.∙Inter-assay precision:The inter-assay precision was determined using a total of 6 independent determinations. Shown CV%.11∙ Spike and Recovery:Independent samples were tested against standard curves prepared in the respective media. Shown as %Recovery∙ Specificity:Cross-reactivity of the AlphaLISA Progesterone Kit was tested using the following biomolecules at 30 nM in AlphaLISA Immunoassay Buffer:o Troubleshooting GuideYou will find detailed recommendations for common situations you might encounter with your AlphaLISA Assay kit at:/in/resources/technicalresources/applicationsupportknowledgebase/alphalisa-alphascreen-no-washassays/alpha_troubleshoot.xhtmlFOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE This product is not for resale or distribution except by authorized distributors.LIMITED WARRANTY: PerkinElmer BioSignal Inc. warrants that, at the time of shipment, the products sold by it are free from defects in material and workmanship and conformto specifications which accompany the product. PerkinElmer BioSignal Inc. makes no other warranty, express or implied with respect to the products, including any warranty of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Notification of any breach of warranty must be made within 60 days of receipt unless otherwise provided in writing by PerkinElmer BioSignal Inc. No claim shall be honored if the customer fails to notify PerkinElmer BioSignal Inc. within the period specified. The sole and exclusive remedy of the customer for any liability of PerkinElmer BioSignal Inc. of any kind including liability based upon warranty (express or implied whether contained herein or elsewhere), strict liability contract or otherwise is limited to the replacement of the goods or the refunds of the invoice price of goods. PerkinElmer BioSignal Inc. shall not in any case be liable for special, incidental or consequential damages of any kind.PerkinElmer, Inc. 940 Winter StreetWaltham, MA 02451 USA P: (800) 762-4000 or (+1) 203-925-4602 For a complete listing of our global offices, visit /ContactUsCopyright © 2012, PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved. PerkinElmer ® is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.。
7. Endotoxin LALTests
Charles River Endosafe
2
Woo Jung BSC Inc.
August 25, 2003
LAL Discoveries by Bang and Levin
Described role of endotoxin in coagulation of Limulus blood
Prepared Endotoxin - responsive lysate from Amoebocytes
Endotoxicity
ENDOTOXIN CAUSES HUMAN TISSUE TO RELEASE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS INFLAMMATION INDUCES A VARIETY OF TISSUE DAMAGE SHOCK and MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION MAY OCCUR
Endotoxins and Pyrogens
Pyrogens are fever-inducing agents in humans and animals
include endotoxin, gram + cell debris, fungi
Endotoxins are components from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
Clotting Enzyme
Liquid Coagulogen
M++ pH=7.2
Clotted Coagulin Gel
Summary of Gel Clot Test
Endpoint sought by 180 inversion of sample tube
重组贻贝粘蛋白的表征及功效评价
生物技术进展 2023 年 第 13 卷 第 4 期 596 ~ 603Current Biotechnology ISSN 2095‑2341研究论文Articles重组贻贝粘蛋白的表征及功效评价李敏 ， 魏文培 ， 乔莎 ， 郝东 ， 周浩 ， 赵硕文 ， 张立峰 ， 侯增淼 *西安德诺海思医疗科技有限公司，西安 710000摘要：为了推进重组贻贝粘蛋白在医疗、化妆品领域的应用，对大肠杆菌规模化发酵及纯化生产获得的重组贻贝粘蛋白进行了表征及功效评价。
经Edman 降解法、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱、PITC 法、非还原型SDS -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法、凝胶法、改良的Arnow 法对重组贻贝粘蛋白进行氨基酸N 端测序、相对分子量分析、氨基酸组成分析、蛋白纯度分析、内毒素含量测定、多巴含量测定；通过细胞迁移、斑马鱼尾鳍修复效果对重组贻贝粘蛋白进行功效评价。
结果显示，获得的重组贻贝粘蛋白与理论的一级结构一致，蛋白纯度达95%以上，内毒素<10 EU ·mg -1,多巴含量大于5%；重组贻贝粘蛋白浓度为60 μg ·mL -1时能够显著促进细胞增殖的活性（P <0.01）；斑马鱼尾鳍面积样品组与模型对照组相比极显著增加（P <0.001）。
研究结果表明，重组贻贝粘蛋白具有显著的促细胞迁移和修复愈合的功效，具备作为生物医学材料的潜质。
关键词：贻贝粘蛋白；基因重组；生物材料；表征；功效评价DOI ：10.19586/j.20952341.2023.0021 中图分类号：S985.3+1 文献标志码：ACharacterization and Efficacy Evaluation of Recombinant Mussel Adhesive ProteinLI Min ， WEI Wenpei ， QIAO Sha ， HAO Dong ， ZHOU Hao ， ZHAO Shuowen ， ZHANG Lifeng ，HOU Zengmiao *Xi'an DeNovo Hith Medical Technology Co.， Ltd ， Xi'an 710000， ChinaAbstract ：In order to promote the application of recombinant mussel adhesive protein in the medical and cosmetics field ， the recombi⁃nant mussel adhesive protein obtained from scale fermentation and purification of Escherichia coli was characterized and its efficacy was evaluated. Amino acid N -terminal sequencing ， relative molecular weight analysis ， amino acid composition analysis ， protein purityanalysis ， endotoxin content ， dihydroxyphenylalanine （DOPA ） content of recombinant mussel adhesive protein were determined by the following methods ： Edman degradation ， matrix -assisted laser desorption ionization time -of -flight mass spectrometry （MALDI -TOF -MS ）， phenyl -isothiocyanate （PITC ）， nonreductive SDS -polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS -PAGE ）， gel method ， modified Ar⁃now. The efficacy of recombinant mussel adhesive protein was evaluated by cell migration and repairing effect of zebrafish tail fin. Re⁃sults showed that the obtained recombinant mussel adhesive protein was confirmed to be consistent with the theoretical primary structure ， protein purity of more than 95%， endotoxin <10 EU ·mg -1， DOPA content above 5%. When the recombinant mussel adhesive protein concentration was 60 μg ·mL -1， the effect of promoting cell proliferation was the most obvious ， and it had very significant activity （P <0.01）. The caudal fin area of zebrafish in sample group was significantly increased compared with model control group （P <0.001）. The results indicated that recombinant mussel adhesive protein can promote cell migration and repair healing and has the potential to be used as biomedical materials.Key words ：mussel adhesive protein ； gene recombination ； biological materials ； representation ； efficacy evaluation贻贝粘蛋白（mussel adhesive protein ， MAP ）也称作贻贝足丝蛋白（mussel foot protein ，Mfps ），收稿日期：2023⁃02⁃24； 接受日期：2023⁃03⁃31联系方式：李敏 E -mail:*******************;*通信作者 侯增淼 E -mail:***********************.cn李敏，等：重组贻贝粘蛋白的表征及功效评价是海洋贝类——紫贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincalis）、厚壳贻贝（Mytilus coruscus）、翡翠贻贝（Perna viri⁃dis）等分泌的一种特殊的蛋白质，贻贝中含有多种贻贝粘蛋白，包括贻贝粘蛋白（Mfp 1～6）、前胶原蛋白（precollagens）和基质蛋白（matrix proteins）等［1］。
SCIO-469-SDS-MedChemExpress
Inhibitors, Agonists, Screening LibrariesSafety Data Sheet Revision Date:Oct.-01-2018Print Date:Oct.-01-20181. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION1.1 Product identifierProduct name :SCIO-469Catalog No. :HY-10406CAS No. :309913-83-51.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised againstIdentified uses :Laboratory chemicals, manufacture of substances.1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheetCompany:MedChemExpress USATel:609-228-6898Fax:609-228-5909E-mail:sales@1.4 Emergency telephone numberEmergency Phone #:609-228-68982. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION2.1 Classification of the substance or mixtureNot a hazardous substance or mixture.2.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statementsNot a hazardous substance or mixture.2.3 Other hazardsNone.3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS3.1 SubstancesSynonyms:Talmapimod;SCIO469;SCIO 469Formula:C27H30ClFN4O3Molecular Weight:513.00CAS No. :309913-83-54. 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三氟乙酸脱苄基O-debenzylation_of_ortho-substituted_phenols_with_trifluoroacetic_acid
Mild,efficient and rapid O-debenzylation of ortho -substituted phenols with trifluoroacetic acidSteven Fletcher *,Patrick T.Gunning *Department of Chemistry,University of Toronto,Mississauga,ON L5L 1C6,Canadaa r t i c l e i n f o Article history:Received 21May 2008Revised 2June 2008Accepted 4June 2008Available online 10June 2008a b s t r a c tThe mild and efficient deblocking of aryl benzyl ethers with TFA is reported.Cleavage was fastest with ortho -electron-withdrawing groups on the phenolic ring,which we have attributed to a proton chelation effect,furnishing the deprotected phenols in excellent yields.The corresponding para -methoxybenzyl,allyl and iso -propyl ethers were also cleanly removed under these conditions.In addition,the selective aryl benzyl ether debenzylation in the presence of benzyl ester,Cbz carbamate and Boc carbamate func-tionalities was also observed.Crown Copyright Ó2008Published by Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.Phosphotyrosines feature in the design of inhibitors of several protein targets,including protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B).1However,these moieties suffer from hydrolytic lability to cellular phosphatases and poor cell penetration due to the asso-ciated dianionic charge.1To address these issues,salicylic acid derivatives (and closely-related analogues)have become popular mimetics of phosphotyrosine in small molecule inhibitors.1–5Turk-son et al.have recently reported on NSC74859(1),a potent,sali-cylic acid-based inhibitor of the oncogenic protein Stat3.6As part of our structure–activity relationship (SAR)studies on NSC74859(1),we sought to debenzylate both the phenol ether and benzoate ester in 2without reducing the aryl-bromide bond,a common undesired side reaction that occurs with hydrogen gas and Pd/C catalyst.7O -Benzyl-protected phenols are known to undergo debenzyla-tion with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)8by an initial protonation of the weakly basic phenol oxygen,although additives such as strongorganic acids (e.g.,trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 9)or a large excess of nucleophilic scavenger (e.g.,thioanisole,which accelerates the reaction by a ‘push–pull’mechanism 10)are typically required.Re-cent work by Ploypradith et al.describes the mild deprotection of aromatic ethers with sub-stoichiometric para -toluenesulfonic acid on solid support.11In a special case,O -benzyl-protected ortho -nitrophenol was cleaved rapidly (<5min)with neat TFA,12which we considered was due to the ability of the substrate to chelate a proton since the structurally-similar ortho -hydroxybenzoates (salicylates)are well-known to chelate copper ions and iron ions.We reasoned that 2(and indeed 3)may similarly undergo acceler-ated debenzylation with TFA.In fact,as shown in Scheme 1,treat-ment of 2(or 3)with a 1:1mixture of TFA/toluene led to rapid debenzylation (5min for 2;1h for 3)in 91%yield for 2(or 85%yield for 3).In this Letter,we will explore the structural require-ments of the phenol component that increase the lability of the O -benzyl phenol ether bond in the presence of TFA.In addition,0040-4039/$-see front matter Crown Copyright Ó2008Published by Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.*Tel.:+19058285354;fax:+19058285425(P.T.G.).E-mail addresses:steven.fletcher@utoronto.ca (S.Fletcher),patrick.gunning@utoronto.ca (P.T.Gunning).Tetrahedron Letters 49(2008)4817–4819Contents lists available at ScienceDirectTetrahedron Lettersj o ur na l h om e pa ge :w w w.e ls e v ie r.c o m/lo c at e/t et l e twe will explore the selectivity of this mild debenzylation tech-nique with respect to other aromatic ethers and examine the sta-bility of other benzyl-based protecting groups to these reaction conditions.A series of 12O -benzyl-protected phenols was prepared by standard procedures in near quantitative yields.Each of these ethers was then deprotected with a 1:1mixture of TFA/toluene;our observations are summarized in Table 1.In certain cases,O ?C benzyl migration (Friedel–Crafts reaction)by-products (610%)were occasionally inseparable from the product by silica gel flash column chromatography.Thus,several benzyl cation cap-tors were investigated for their abilities to improve yields and puri-ties of the debenzylation reactions.Three to ten equivalents of p -cresol,anisole and triethylsilane were employed,but these exerted little effects on reducing by-product formation.Conversely,we dis-covered that including the more nucleophilic scavenger thioanisole as an additive to the co-solvent toluene typically,after silica gel flash column chromatography,furnished products in P 95%puri-ties (and higher yields),as judged by 1H NMR.Nevertheless,we envisaged any Friedel–Crafts impurities would be more readily separable on slightly more complex aryl benzyl ethers,as we ob-served with the substrates shown in Scheme 1and Tables 3and 4(>99%purities (1H NMR)in each case).Whilst likely leading to even higher yields and purities,large excesses of thioanisole (50equiv)are also known to accelerate TFA-mediated debenzyla-tion.10However,in our hands just 3equiv of thioanisole had little effect on the rate of debenzylation,allowing us to attribute the deprotection rates solely to the structure of the phenol.Electron-rich phenols are good scavengers of benzyl cations,13and since preliminary experiments with electron-rich phenols generated complex mixtures of Friedel–Crafts by-products under these deb-enzylation conditions,we chose to investigate only electron-poor phenols in this study.O -Benzyl-protected phenols with p -ortho -electron-withdraw-ing groups (6a ,6b ,6d ,6f )were swiftly (several in less than 3h cf.24h for unsubstituted phenol 6l )and cleanly debenzylated,with less than 5%of the undesired C-benzylated phenol by-prod-ucts.In contrast,meta -and para -electron-withdrawing groups slo-wed down the debenzylation (e.g.,entries 6g and 6h ),relative to the control compound 6l ,which itself could only be obtained in moderate purity by this method.The r -withdrawing (and p -donating)bromophenols 6i –k were insufficiently deactivated to benzyl cation scavenging and were contaminated with several by-products.Importantly,n -butyl benzyl ether 8was unaffected by TFA under the reaction conditions,indicating this procedure is selective for aryl benzyl ethers.In addition,the results in Table 1suggest that this procedure is suitable only for phenols substituted with p -electron-withdrawing groups.Since the debenzylation mechanism with TFA proceeds via an initial protonation of the phenol ether oxygen,the more available the ether oxygen lone pairs are,the faster the reaction will be.Hence,the slower reaction times for the phenols bearing meta -and para -electron-withdrawing groups make sense,although this is not true for the ortho -functionalized aryl benzyl ethers.As hypothesized for the bis-benzyl salicylate derivative 2earlier,we considered these ortho -substituted phenols were capable of chelat-ing the acidic hydrogen atom from TFA which therein facilitated the acid-mediated debenzylation via a six-membered cyclic inter-mediate,as proposed in Scheme 2.A similar chelation intermediate has been put forward by Baldwin and Haraldsson to account for the Lewis acid MgBr 2-mediated debenzylation of aromatic benzyl ethers ortho to an aldehyde group.14Accordingly,to test this hypothesis we expanded this series of ortho -substituted aryl benzyl ethers,and the results from their deb-enzylation reactions with TFA are summarized in Table 2.These substrates have been listed in order of increasing approximateTable 1TFA-mediated debenzylation of O -benzyl-protected phenols aTFAtolueneOBnROHR67Substrate RTime (h)b Yield c (%)6a o -CO 2Me,m d -NHAc 5min 936b o -CO 2Me 5min 946c p -CO 2Me 36e 63(85f )6d o -CO 2Bn 5min 936e p -CO 2Bn 36e 58(79f )6f o -NO 23976g m -NO 236e 75(98f )6h p -NO 236e 66(98f )6i o -Br 16—g 6j m -Br 30—g 6k p -Br 36—g 6lH 24—gn -BuOBn (8)—24No reactionaThe reaction was carried out with 6(0.5mmol)in a 1:1mixture of TFA/toluene (5ml)at rt,with 3equiv of thioanisole.bTime taken for all starting material to be consumed.cIsolated yield after silica gel flash column chromatography.dmeta to phenol oxygen AND para to ester.eReaction was slow and incomplete after 3days.fYield based on recovered starting material.gComplex mixture of products.Table 2TFA-mediated debenzylation of O -benzyl-protected,ortho -substituted phenols aTFA tolueneOBnOH67RRSubstrate R p K aH b Time c (h)Yield d (%)Relative rate 6m CO 2NH 2À2248316n CHO À7 3.594e 6.96o CO 2H À8191246b CO 2Me À8.55min 942886d CO 2Bn À8.55min 932886p CN À10>4851(95f )—6f NO 2À1239786i Br —16—g 1.56lH—24—g1aThe reaction was carried out with 6(0.5mmol)in a 1:1mixture of TFA/toluene (5ml)at rt,with 3equiv of thioanisole.bApproximate p K aH of conjugate acid of R group.15cTime taken for all starting material to be consumed.dIsolated yield after silica gel flash column chromatography.eIncluding thioanisole in the deprotection of 6n led to further by-products,thus no scavenger was used and compound 7n could be obtained in only 90%purity.fYield based on recovered starting material.gComplex mixture of products.4818S.Fletcher,P.T.Gunning /Tetrahedron Letters 49(2008)4817–4819acidity of the conjugate acid (decreasing p K aH )of the ortho -elec-tron-withdrawing substituent.15There appears to be an optimal p K aH of around À8.5,that is exhibited by carboxylic esters,which lead to the fastest rate of debenzylation with TFA.In an approxi-mate bell-shaped distribution of reaction rate versus ortho -substi-tuent p K aH —that was interrupted only by ortho -cyanophenol 6p —protonatable groups with p K aH ’s <À8.5or >À8.5were less effective at accelerating the TFA-mediated debenzylation.These data concur with our chelation hypothesis:groups that are too ba-sic bind more strongly to the TFA proton making it less available for sharing with,and ultimately releasing to,the phenol ether oxygen;groups that are weakly basic do not bind the TFA proton as well,leading to reduced chelation and hence less rate enhancement.The anomalous result for ortho -cyanophenol 6p was anticipated since this compound was selected as a negative control.Phenol 6p is geometrically incapable of chelating a proton,because the lin-ear,sp -hybridized nitrile functionality directs its basic nitrogen atom (p K aH %À10)away from the phenol oxygen.As predicted,there was no rate enhancement for the TFA-mediated debenzyla-tion of 6p relative to phenol 6l .In fact,6p was only slowly deben-zylated,at a rate that was comparable with the m -nitro and p -nitro derivatives 6g and 6h ,respectively.We next wanted to investigate the selectivity for the deprotec-tion of the benzyl group over other phenol protecting groups.Accordingly,the benzyl group in salicylate derivative 9a was varied with para -methoxybenzyl (PMB;9b ),methyl (9c ),allyl (9d )and iso -propyl (i -Pr;9e ).These substrates were then debenzylated with a 1:1mixture of TFA/toluene;our findings are reported in Table 3.Any impurities this time were minor and readily separable from the products,eliminating the need for the additive thioanisole.The relative rates at which these protecting groups were removed was para -methoxybenzyl >benzyl >allyl >iso -propyl )methyl,which reflects the stability of the carbocations.These data suggest that in salicylates such as 9,the benzyl phenol protecting group (R =Bn)can be removed with TFA in the presence of the corres-ponding allyl,iso -propyl and methyl ethers.Finally,we explored the selectivity of this mild debenzylation technique over other benzyl-based protecting groups,as shown in Table 4.As the results demonstrate,it was possible to deblock the O -benzyl ether in the presence of a benzyl ester (6d )and in the presence of a benzyl carbamate (11b ),thereby increasing the orthogonality of O -benzyl phenol ethers of salicylate derivatives.Interestingly,it was even possible to cleave the benzyl group in 11c with TFA in the presence of an N -Boc-protected aniline.In summary,we have presented the mild,efficient and rapid deblocking of ortho -substituted aryl benzyl ethers with TFA.Deb-enzylation was fastest when the ortho group was a carboxylic ester,which we have attributed to a proton chelation effect.Other ortho groups that accelerated the TFA-mediated debenzylation included carboxylic acid,aldehyde and nitro.In addition,we have shown that in such ortho -functionalized phenols,benzyl could be removed in the presence of the corresponding iso -propyl,allyl and methyl ethers.Moreover,the benzyl ether could be selectively cleaved in the presence of benzyl ester,Cbz carbamate and Boc carbamate functionalities.AcknowledgementsThe authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this work from the Canadian Foundation of Innovation and the Univer-sity of Toronto (Connaught Foundation).References and notes1.Zhang,S.;Zhang,Z.-Y.Drug Discov.Today 2007,12,373–381.2.(a)Pei,Z.;Li,X.;Liu,G.;Abad-Zapatero,C.;Lubben,T.;Zhang,T.;Ballaron,S.J.;Hutchins,C.W.;Trevillyana,J.M.;Jirouseka,M.R.Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2003,13,3129–3132;(b)Xin,Z.;Liu,G.;Abad-Zapatero,C.;Pei,Z.;Szczepankiewicz,B.G.;Li,X.;Zhang,T.;Hutchins,C.W.;Hajduk,P.J.;Ballaron,S.J.;Stashko,M.A.;Lubben,T.H.;Trevillyana,J.M.;Jirouseka,M.R.Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2003,13,3947–3950.3.Tautz,L.;Bruckner,S.;Sareth,S.;Alonso,A.;Bogetz,J.;Bottini,N.;Pellecchia,M.;Mustelin,T.J.Biol.Chem.2005,280,9400–9408.4.Shrestha,S.;Bhattarai,B.R.;Chang,K.J.;Leea,K.-H.;Choa,H.Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2007,17,2760–2764.5.Liljebris,C.;Larsen,S.D.;Ogg,D.;Palazuk,B.J.;Bleasdale,J.E.J.Med.Chem.2002,45,1785–1798.6.Siddiquee,K.;Zhang,S.;Guida,W.C.;Blaskovich,M.A.;Greedy,B.;Lawrence,H.R.;Yip,M.L.R.;Jove,R.;Laughlin,M.M.;Lawrence,N.J.;Sebti,S.M.;Turkson,J.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.2007,104,7391–7396.7.Pandey,P.N.;Purkayastha,M.L.Synthesis 1982,876–878.8.(a)Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis ,3rd ed.;John Wiley &Sons:New York,1999;(b)Kocienski,P.J.Protecting Groups ,3rd ed.;Georg Thieme:Stuttgart,Germany,2003.9.Kiso,Y.;Isawa,H.;Kitagawa,K.;Akita,T.Chem.Pharm.Bull.1978,26,2562–2564.10.Kiso,Y.;Ukawa,K.;Nakamura,S.;Ito,K.;Akita,T.Chem.Pharm.Bull.1980,28,673–676.11.Ploypradith,P.;Cheryklin,P.;Niyomtham,N.;Bertoni,D.R.;Ruchirawat,.Lett.2007,9,2637–2640.12.Marsh,J.P.,Jr.;Goodman,.Chem.1965,30,2491–2492.13.(a)Eberle,A.N.J.Chem.Soc.,Perkin Trans.11986,361–367;(b)Bodanszky,M.;Tolle,J.C.;Deshmane,S.S.;Bodanszky,A.Int.J.Pept.Protein Res.1978,12,57–68.14.Haraldsson,G.G.;Baldwin,J.E.Tetrahedron 1997,53,215–224.15.(a)Ionization Constants of Organic Acids in Solution ;Serjeant,E.P.,Dempsey,B.,Eds.IUPAC Chemical Data Series No.23;Pergamon Press:Oxford,UK,1979;(b)see also:/labs/evans/pdf/evans_pKa_table.pdf .Table 3TFA-mediated deprotection of O-blocked phenol ether derivatives of methyl 4-acetamidosalicylate aTFAtolueneNHAcNHAcORO OMeOH OMeO 910Substrate R Time b (h)Yield c (%)9a Bn 5min 919b PMB 2min 909c Me 480d 9d Allyl 20919ei -Pr3692aThe reaction was carried out with 9(0.5mmol)in a 1:1mixture of TFA/toluene (5ml)at rt.bTime taken for all starting material to be consumed.cIsolated yield after silica gel flash column chromatography.dOnly starting material remained after 48h,at which point the reaction was aborted.Table 4Selectivity investigation into the TFA-mediated debenzylation of aryl benzyl ethers aTFA tolueneOBnOH2Bn2Bn1112RRSubstrate R Yield b (%)6d c H 9311a NHAc 9211b NHCbz 9311c dNHBoc54aThe reaction was carried out with 11(0.5mmol)in a 1:1mixture of TFA/toluene (5ml)at rt for 5min,then all solvents were evaporated.bIsolated yield after silica gel flash column chromatography.cFor compound 6d ,3equiv of thioanisole were also used.dAfter 5min,the reaction mixture was diluted with CH 2Cl 2and then immedi-ately neutralized with 1M NaOH.The organic layer was then separated and evaporated.S.Fletcher,P.T.Gunning /Tetrahedron Letters 49(2008)4817–48194819。
高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测肉类原料中的药物多残留
肉，菇业MEAT INDUSTRY 2020年第12期总第476期❖由醃妥全与检测❖高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测肉类原料中的药物多残留沈春华厦门古龙食品有限公司技术中心实验室福建厦门361000摘要建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术，同时检测肉类原料中磺胺类(磺胺二甲囉味、磺胺间二甲氧疇啜、磺胺间甲氧嗨呢、磺胺甲基异噁哇、礦胺囉睫、礦胺二甲异噁哇、磺胺甲氧哒嗪)和喳诺飼类(恩诺沙星)8种药物残留量的方法。
前处理采用1%甲酸-乙睛提取，浓缩后用0.1%甲酸-乙睛定容，正己烷去脂，用高效液相-串联质谱进行定性及定量分析。
所涉8种药物在1~100|xg/L范围内线性良好，相关系数为0.9956~0.9998,方法最低定量限为1jig/kg。
在3个添加水平下，加标回收率为67.8%-115%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~9.1%。
$匕方法可满足肉类原料中，磺胺类和喳•诺飼类多种药物残留的检测与验证。
关键词液相色谱-串联质谱药物残留肉类检测Detection of drugs residue in meat raw materials by high performance liquidchromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methodSHEN ChunhuaAbstract A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established,and8kinds of drugs residue including sulfonamides(sulfamethazine,sulfadimethoxine, sulfamo nomethoxine,sulfamethoxazole,sulfadiazine,sulfisoxazole and sulfamethoxypyridazine)and quinolones(enrofloxacin)in meat raw materials could be detected simultaneously.1%acidic acetonitrile was adopted to extract in pretreatment.After concentration,the volume was fixed with0.1%formic acid acetonitrile,and the fat was removed with n一Hexane,high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used for qualitative and quantitation analysis・The8kinds of drugs involved had good linearity in the range of1~100|xg/L,and the correlation coefficient was0.9956〜0.9998,and the minimum limit of quantitation was1|xg/kg・Under the three addition levels,the recovery of standard addition was67.8%~115%,and the relative standard deviations was1.2%to9.1%.This method could meet the needs of detection and validation of sulfonamides and quinolones residues in meat raw materials.Key words high performance liquid chromatography一tandem mass spectrometry method；drugs residue；meat；detection肉类作为食品加工行业的一大类原料,随着食品安全问题备受社会日益关注的同时，肉类原料是否安全可靠，已引起了国内食品安全监管机构甚至国际食品法典委员会(CAC)的高度重视⑷。
Incucyte
Product Information Presentation, Storage and StabilityThe Incucyte® Fabfluor-pH Antibody Labeling Reagents for antibody internalization are supplied as lyophilized solids in sufficient quantity to label 50 μg of test antibody, when used at the suggested molar ratio (1:3 of test antibody to labeling Fab). The lyophilized solid can be stored at 2-8° C for one year. Once re-hydrated, any unused reagent should be aliquoted and stored at -80° C for up to one year. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.Incucyte® Fabfluor-pH Antibody Labeling ReagentsFor Antibody Internalization AssaysAntibody Labeling Reagent Rehydrated: -80° C *Excitation and Emission maxima were determined at a pH of 4.5.Fabfluor_quick_guideBackgroundIncucyte ® Fabfluor-pH Antibody Labeling Reagents are designed for quick, easy labeling of Fc-containing test antibodies with a Fab fragment-conjugated pH-sensitive fluorophore. The pH-sensitive dye based system exploits the acidic environment of the lysosomes to quantify in-ternalization of the labeled antibody. As Fabfluor labeled antibodies reside in the neutral extracellular solution (pH 7.4), they interact with cell surface specific antigens and are internalized. Once in the lysosomes, they enter an acidic environment (pH 4.5–5.5) and a substantial in-crease in fluorescence is observed. In the absence of ex-pression of the specific antigen, no internalization occurs and the fluorescence intensity of the labeled antibodies remains low. With the Incucyte ® integrated analysis soft-ware, background fluorescence is minimized. These reagents have been validated for use with a number of different antibodies in a range of cell types. The Incucyte ® Live-Cell Analysis System enables real-time, kinetic eval -uation of antibody internalization.Recommended UseWe recommend that the Incucyte ® Fabfluor-pH Antibody Labeling Reagents are prepared at a stock concentration of 0.5 mg/mL by the addition of 100 μL of sterile water and triturated (centrifuge if solution not clear). The reagent may then be diluted directly into the labeling mixture with test antibody. Do NOT sonicate the solution.Additional InformationThe Fab antibody was purified from antisera by a combination of papain digestion and immunoaffinity chromatography using antigens coupled to agarose beads. Fc fragments and whole IgG molecules have been removed.Human Red (Cat. No. 4722) or Human Orange (Cat. No. 4812)—Based on immunoelectrophoresis and/ or ELISA, the antibody reacts with the Fc portion of human IgG heavy chain but not the Fab portion of human IgG. No antibody was detected against human IgM, IgA or against non-immunoglobulin serum proteins. The anti-body may cross-react with other immunoglobulins from other species.Mouse IgG1 (Cat. No. 4723), IgG2a (Cat. No. 4750) or IgG2b (Cat. No. 4751)—Based on antigen-binding assay and/or ELISA, the antibody reacts with the Fc portion of mouse IgG, IgG2a or IgG2b, respectively, but not the Fab portion of mouse immunoglobulins. No antibody was detected against mouse IgM or against non–immunoglobulin serum proteins. The antibody may cross-react with other mouse IgG subclasses or with immunoglobulins from other species.Rat (Cat. No. 4737)—Based on immunoelectrophoresis and/or ELISA, the antibody reacts with the Fc portion of rat IgG heavy chain but not the Fab portion of rat IgG. No antibody was detected against rat IgM, IgA or against non-immunoglobulin serum proteins. The antibody may cross-react with other immunoglobulins from other species.A.B.C.D.R e d O b j e c t A r e a (x 105 μm 2 p e r w e l l )Time (hours)A U C x 106 (0–12 h )log [α–CD71] (g/mL)Example DataFigure 1: Concentration-dependent increase in antibody internalization of Incucyte ® Fabfluor labeled-α-CD71 in HT1080 cells. α-CD71 and mouse IgG1 isotype control were labeled with Incucyte ® Mouse IgG1 Fabfluor-pH Red Antibody Labeling Reagent. HT1080 cells were treated with either Fabfluor-α-CD71 or Fabfluor-IgG1 (4 μg/mL); HD phase and red fluorescence images were captured every 30 minutes over 12 hours using a 10X magnification. (A) Images of cells treated with Fabfluor-α-CD71 display red fluorescence in the cytoplasm (images shown at 6 h). (B) Cells treated with labeled isotype control display no cellular fluorescence. (C) Time-course of Fabfluor-α-CD71 internalization with increasing concentrations of Fabfluor-α-CD71 (progressively darker symbols). Internalization has been quantified as the red object area for each time-point. (D) Concentration response curve to Fabfluor-α-CD71. Area under the curve (AUC) values have been determined from the time-course shown in panel C (0-12 hours) and are presented as the mean ± SEM, n=3 wells.CD71-FabfluorIgG-FabfluorProtocols and ProceduresMaterialsIncucyte® Fabfluor-pH Antibody Labeling ReagentTest antibody of interest containing human, mouse, or rat IgG Fc region (at known concentration)Target cells of interestTarget cell growth mediaSterile distilled water96-well flat bottom microplate (e.g. Corning Cat. No. 3595) for imaging96-well round black round bottom ULA plate (e.g. Corning Cat. No. 45913799) or amber microtube (e.g. Cole Parmer Cat. No. MCT-150-X, autoclaved) for conjugation step0.01% Poly-L-Ornithine (PLO) solution (e.g. Sigma Cat. No. P4957), optional for non-adherent cells Recommended control antibodiesIt is strongly recommended that a positive and negative control is run alongside test antibodies and cell lines. For example, CD71, which is a mouse anti-human antibody, is recommended as a positive control for the mouse Fab.Anti-CD71, clone MEM-189, IgG1 e.g. Sigma Cat. No. SAB4700520-100UGAnti-CD71, clone CYG4, IgG2a e.g. BioLegend Cat. No. 334102Isotype controls, depending on isotype being studied—Mouse IgG1, e.g. BioLegend Cat. No. 400124, Mouse IgG2a e.g. BioLegend Cat. No. 401501Preparation of Incucyte® Antibody Internalization Assay 1. Seed target cells of interest1.1 Harvest cells of interest and determine cell concentra-tion (e.g. trypan blue + hemocytometer).1.2 Prepare cell seeding stock in target cell growth mediawith a cell density to achieve 40–50% confluence be-fore the addition of labeled antibodies. The suggested starting range is 5,000–30,000 cells/well, although the seeding density will need to be optimized for each cell type.Note: For non-adherent cell types, a well coating may be required to maintain even cell distribution in the well. For a 96-well flat bottom plate, we recommend coating with 50 μL of either 0.01% Poly-L-Or-nithine (PLO) solution or 5 μg/mL fibronectin diluted in 0.1% BSA.Coat plates for 1 hour at ambient temperature, remove solution from wells and then allow the plates to dry for 30-60 minutes prior to cell addition.1.3 Using a multi-channel pipette, seed cells (50 µL perwell) into a 96-well flat bottom microplate. Lightly tapplate side to ensure even liquid distribution in well. Toensure uniform distribution of cells in each well, allowthe covered plate sit on a level surface undisturbed at room temperature in the tissue culture hood for 30minutes. After cells are settled, place the plate insidethe Incucyte® Live-Cell Analysis System to monitor cell confluence.Note: Depending on cell type, plates can be used in assay once cells have adhered to plastic and achieved normal cell morphology e.g.2-3 hours for HT1080 or 1-2 hours for non-adherent cell types. Some cell types may require overnight incubation.2. Label Test Antibody2.1 Rehydrate the Incucyte® Fabfluor-pH Antibody Label-ing Reagent with 100 µL sterile water to result in a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Triturate to mix (centrifuge if solution is not clear).Note: The reagent is light sensitive and should be protected fromlight. Rehydrated reagent can be aliquoted into amber or foilwrapped tubes and stored at -80° C for up to 1 year (avoid freezing and thawing).2.2 Mix test antibody with rehydrated Incucyte® Fabfluor–pH Antibody Labeling Reagent and target cell growth media in a black round bottom microplate or ambertube to protect from light (50 µL/well).a. Add test antibody and Incucyte® Fabfluor–pH Anti-body Labeling Reagent at 2X the final concentration.We suggest optimizing the assay by starting with afinal concentration of 4 µg/mL of test antibody or theFabfluor-pH Antibody Labeling Reagent (i.e. 2Xworking concentration = 8 µg/mL).Note: A 1:3 molar ratio of test antibody to Incucyte® Fabfluor-pHAntibody Labeling Reagent is recommended. The labeling re-agent is a third of the size of a standard antibody (50 and 150KDa, respectively). Therefore, labeling equal quantities will pro-duce a 1:3 molar ratio of test antibody to labeling Fab.b. Make sufficient volume of 2X labeling solution for50 µL/well for each sample. Triturate to mix.c. Incubate at 37° C for 15 minutes protected from light.Note: If performing a range of concentrations of test antibody,e.g. concentration response-curve, it is recommended to createthe dilution series post the conjugation step to ensure consistentmolar ratio. We strongly recommend the use of both a negativeand positive control antibody in the same plate.3. Add labeled antibody to cells3.1 Remove cell plate from incubator.3.2 Using a multi-channel pipette, add 50 µL of 2X labeledantibody and control solutions to designated wells.Remove any bubbles and immediately place plate in the Incucyte® Live-Cell Analysis System and start scanning.Note: To reduce the risk of condensation formation on the lid priorto first image acquisition, maintain all reagents at 37° C prior toplate addition.4. Acquire images and analyze4.1 In the Incucyte® Software, schedule to image every15-30 minutes, depending on the speed of the specific antibody internalization.a Scan on schedule, standard. If the Incucyte® Cell-by-Cell Analysis Software Module (Cat. No. 9600-0031)is available, adherent cell-by-cell or non-adherentcell-by-cell scan types can be selected.b Channel selection: select “phase” and “red” or“phase” and "orange” (depending on reagent used).c Objective: 10X or 20X depending on cell types used,generally 10X is recommended for adherent cells,and 20X for non-adherent or smaller cells.NOTE: The optional Incucyte® Cell-by-Cell Analysis SoftwareModule enables the classification of cells into sub-populationsbased on properties including fluorescence intensity, size andshape. For further details on this analysis module and its appli-cation, please see: /cell-by-cell.4.2 To generate the metrics, user must create an AnalysisDefinition suited to the cell type, assay conditions andmagnification selected.4.3 Select images from a well containing a positiveinternalization signal and an isotype control well(negative signal) at a time point where internalizationis visible.4.4 In the Analysis Definition:Basic Analyzer:a. Set up the mask for the phase confluence measurewith fluorescence channel turned off.b. Once the phase mask is determined, turn the fluores-cence channel on: Exclude background fluorescencefrom the mask using the background subtractionfeature. The feature “Top-Hat” will subtract localbackground from brightly fluorescent objects withina given radius; this is a useful tool for analyzing ob-jects which change in fluorescence intensity overtime.i The radius chosen should reflect the size of thefluorescent object but contain enough backgroundto reliably estimate background fluorescence inthe image; 20-30 μm is often a useful startingpoint.ii The threshold chosen will ensure that objectsbelow a fluorescence threshold will not bemasked.iii Choose a threshold in which red or orange objectsare masked in the positive response image but lownumbers in the isotype control, negative responsewell. For a very sensitive measurement, for example,if interested in early responses, we suggest athreshold of 0.2.NOTE: The Adaptive feature can be used for analysis but maynot be as sensitive and may miss early responses. If interestedin rate of response, Top-Hat may be preferable.Cell-by-Cell (if available):a. Create a Cell-by-Cell mask following the softwaremanual.b. There is no need to separate phase and fluorescencemasks. The default setting of Top-Hat No Mask forthe fluorescence channel will enable backgroundsubtraction without generation of a mask. Ensurethat the Top-Hat radius is set to a value higher thanthe radius of the larger clusters to avoid excess back-ground subtraction.c. The threshold of fluorescence can be determined inCell-by-Cell Classification.Specifications subject to change without notice.© 2020. All rights reserved. Incucyte, Essen BioScience, and all names of Essen BioScience prod -ucts are registered trademarks and the property of Essen BioScience unless otherwise specified. Essen BioScience is a Sartorius Company. Publication No.: 8000-0728-A00Version 1 | 2020 | 04Sales and Service ContactsFor further contacts, visit Essen BioScience, A Sartorius Company /incucyte Sartorius Lab Instruments GmbH & Co. KGOtto-Brenner-Strasse 20 37079 Goettingen, Germany Phone +49 551 308 0North AmericaEssen BioScience Inc. 300 West Morgan Road Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108USATelephone +1 734 769 1600E-Mail:***************************EuropeEssen BioScience Ltd.Units 2 & 3 The Quadrant Newark CloseRoyston Hertfordshire SG8 5HLUnited KingdomTelephone +44 (0) 1763 227400E-Mail:***************************APACEssen BioScience K.K.4th floor Daiwa Shinagawa North Bldg.1-8-11 Kita-Shinagawa Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0001 JapanTelephone: +81 3 6478 5202E-Mail:*************************5. Analysis GuidelinesAs the labeled antibody is internalized into the acidic environment of the lysosome, the area of fluorescence intensity inside the cells increases.This can be reported in two ways:Ways to Report Basic AnalyzerCell-by-Cell Analysis* To correct for cell proliferation, it is advisable to normalize the fluorescence area to the total cell area using User Defined Metrics.For Research Use Only. Not For Therapeutic or Diagnostic Use.LicensesFor non-commercial research use only. Not for therapeutic or in vivo applications. Other license needs contact Essen BioS cience.Fabfluor-pH Red Antibody Labeling Reagent: This product or portions thereof is manufactured under license from Carnegie Mellon University and U.S. patent numbers 7615646 and 8044203 and related patents. This product is licensed for sale only for research. It is not licensed for any other use. There is no implied license hereunder for any commercial use.Fabfluor-pH Orange Antibody Labeling Reagent: This product or portions thereof is manufactured under a license from Tokyo University and is covered by issued patents EP2098529B1, JP5636080B2, US8258171, and US9784732 and related patent applications. This product and related products are trademarks of Goryo Chemical. Any application of above mentioned technology for commercial purpose requires a separate li -cense from: Goryo Chemical, EAREE Bldg., SF Kita 8 Nishi 18-35-100, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0008 Japan.SupportA complete suite of cell health applications is available to fit your experimental needs. Find more information at /incucyte Foradditionalproductortechnicalinformation,************************************************************/incucyte。
Salirasib_162520-00-5_DataSheet_MedChemExpress
Product Name:Salirasib CAS No.:162520-00-5Cat. No.:HY-14754Product Data SheetMWt:358.54Formula:C22H30O2S Purity :>98%Solubility:DMSO <20mg/mL; EthanolMechanisms:Biological Activity:Salirasib(S-Farnesylthiosalicylic aci)is an S-farnesyl cysteine analog that interferes with docking ofPathways:GPCR/G protein; Target:Ras <20mg/mL; DMF <20mg/mLSalirasib(S Farnesylthiosalicylic aci) is an S farnesyl cysteine analog that interferes with docking ofactive GTP-bound ras at the cell membrane.IC50 Value:Target: Ras Salirasib is a salicylic acid derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Salirasib dislodges all Ras isoforms from their membrane-anchoring sites, thereby preventing activation of RAS signalingcascades that mediated cell proliferation, differentiation, and senescence. RAS signaling is believed to be abnormally activated in one-third of human cancers, including cancers of the pancreas, colon,lung and breast. Salirasib binds to a cell membrane anchor protein thereby selectively blocking a References:[1]. Riely GJ, Johnson ML, Medina C, Rizvi NA, Miller VA, Kris MG, Pietanza MC, Azzoli CG, KrugLM, Pao W, Ginsberg MS.A phase II trial of Salirasib in patients with lung adenocarcinomas with KRAS mutations.cascade of biochemical signals known as the Ras signaling pathway. The Ras pathway plays an important role in tumor growth and is believed to be abnormally activated in one-third of human cancers, including ...p p gJ Thorac Oncol. 2011 Aug;6(8):1435-7.[2]. Makovski V, Haklai R, Kloog Y .Farnesylthiosalicylic acid (salirasib) inhibits Rheb in TSC2-null ELT3 cells: a potential treatment forlymphangioleiomyomatosis.Int J Cancer. 2012 Mar 15;130(6):1420-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26139.[3]. Nevo Y, Aga-Mizrachi S, Elmakayes E, Yanay N, Ettinger K, Elbaz M, Brunschwig Z, Dadush O,Elad-Sfadia G, Haklai R, Kloog Y, Chapman J, Reif SThe Ras antagonist, farnesylthiosalicylic acid Caution: Not fully tested. For research purposes onlyMedchemexpress LLC(FTS), decreases fibrosis and improves muscle strength in dy/dy mouse model of musculardystrophy.PLoS One. 2011 Mar 22;6(3):e18049.18W i l k i n s o n W a y , P r i n c e t o n , N J 08540,U S AE m a i l : i n f o @m e d c h e m e x p r e s s .c o m W e b : w w w .m e d c h e m e x p r e s s .c o m。
LTA (Lipoteichoic Acid) ELISA キット 产品说明书
Product ManualLTA (Lipoteichoic Acid) ELISA KitCatalog NumberAKR-5153 96 assaysFOR RESEARCH USE ONLYNot for use in diagnostic proceduresIntroductionLipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major component of the cell wall in bacteria that are gram-positive. These bacteria contain an inner “cytoplasmic” membrane and, outside it, a thick layer of peptidoglycan (as much as 80 nanometers). The structure of LTA is different depending on the species of Gram-positive bacteria and may have long chains of ribitol or glycerol phosphate. LTA is affixed to the cell membrane via a diacylglycerol and acts as regulator of autolytic wall enzymes known as muramidases. LTA can have immunogenic properties like other antigens and are able to stimulate specific immune responses.LTA from bacteria may bind to target mammalian cells either through membrane phospholipids, or to specific proteins such as CD14 and Toll-like receptors. Binding to TLR-2 has shown to induce expression of the transcription factor NF-κB, which results in increasing expression of both activating and inhibiting apoptotic genes. Activation of NF-κB also stimulates activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as well as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).Cell Biolabs’ LTA ELISA Kit provides a quick and convenient system to measure LTA from mammalian serum, plasma, cell, or tissue samples; it provides sufficient reagents for up to 96 tests in a 96-well plate including standard curve and unknown samples. Detection sensitivity is 15.6 ng/mL. Related Products1.CBA-252: MTT Cell Proliferation Assay2.CBA-254: Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) ELISA Kit3.CBA-253: WST-1 Cell Proliferation Assay ReagentKit ComponentsBox 1 (shipped at room temperature)1.Anti-LTA Antibody Coated Plate (Part No. 51531B): One 96-well strip plate (8 x 12).2.Biotinylated Anti-LTA Antibody (1000X) (Part No. 51532C): One 10 µL vial.3.Streptavidin-Enzyme Conjugate (Part No. 310803): One 20 μL vial.4.Assay Diluent (Part No. 310804):One 50 mL bottle.5.10X Wash Buffer (Part No. 310806): One 100 mL bottle.6.Substrate Solution (Part No. 310807): One 12 mL amber bottle.7.Stop Solution (Part. No. 310808): One 12 mL bottle.Box 2 (shipped on blue ice packs)1.LTA Standard (Part No. 51533C): One 50 µL vial of 50 µg/mL LTA.Materials Not Supplied1.PBS2.Microcentrifuge3.10 µL to 1000 µL adjustable single channel micropipettes with disposable tips4.50 µL to 300 µL adjustable multichannel micropipette with disposable tips5.Multichannel micropipette reservoir6.Microplate reader capable of reading at 450 nm (620 nm as optional reference wave length) StorageUpon receipt, aliquot and store the LTA Standard and the Biotinylated Anti-LTA Antibody at -20ºC. Avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Store all other components at 4ºC.Preparation of Reagents•1X Wash Buffer: Dilute the 10X Wash Buffer to 1X with deionized water. Stir to homogeneity. •Biotinylated Anti-LTA Antibody and Streptavidin Enzyme Conjugate: Immediately before use dilute the Anti-LTA Antibody and the Streptavidin Enzyme Conjugate 1:1000 with Assay Diluent.Do not store diluted solutions.Preparation of Standard CurvePrepare a dilution series of LTA standards in the concentration range of 0 to 1000 ng/mL intoAssay Diluent (Table 1).StandardTubes LTA Standard (μL)Assay Diluent (µL) LTA (ng/mL)1 10 490 10002 250 of Tube #1 250 5003 250 of Tube #2 250 2504 250 of Tube #3 250 1255 250 of Tube #4 250 62.56 250 of Tube #5 250 31.37 250 of Tube #6 250 15.68 0 250 0Table 1. Preparation of LTA StandardsPreparation of Samples•Serum: Avoid hemolyzed and lipemic blood samples. Collect blood in a tube with no anticoagulant. Allow the blood to clot at room temperature for 30 minutes. Centrifuge at 2500 x g for 20 minutes. Remove the yellow serum supernatant without disturbing the white buffy layer.Aliquot samples for testing and store at -20ºC or colder. Perform dilutions in Assay Diluent as necessary.•Plasma: Avoid hemolyzed and lipemic blood samples. Collect blood with heparin or citrate and centrifuge at 2000 x g and 4ºC for 10 minutes. Remove the plasma layer and store on ice. Avoid disturbing the white buffy layer. Aliquot samples for testing and store at -20ºC or colder. Perform dilutions in Assay Diluent as necessary.•Cells or tissues: Homogenize 50-200 mg of the cell pellet or tissue in 0.5-2 mL of ice cold PBS using a mortar and pestle or by dounce homogenization. Incubate the homogenate at 4°C for 20 minutes.Transfer the homogenate to a centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 12000 x g for 20 minutes.Recover the supernatant and transfer to a fresh tube. Store resuspended sample at -20°C or colder until ready to test by ELISA. Perform dilutions in Assay Diluent as necessary.Assay Protocol1.Add 100 µL of LTA unknown sample or standard to the Anti-LTA Antibody Coated Plate. EachLTA unknown sample, standard and blank should be assayed in duplicate.2.Incubate at room temperature for 1 hour on an orbital shaker.3.Wash microwell strips 3 times with 250 µL 1X Wash Buffer per well with thorough aspirationbetween each wash. After the last wash, empty wells and tap microwell strips on absorbent pad or paper towel to remove excess 1X Wash Buffer.4.Add 100 µL of the diluted Biotinylated Anti-LTA antibody to each well. Incubate at roomtemperature for 1 hour on an orbital shaker.5.Wash the strip wells 3 times according to step 3 above.6.Add 100 µL of the diluted Streptavidin-Enzyme Conjugate to each well. Incubate at roomtemperature for 1 hour on an orbital shaker.7.Wash the strip wells 3 times according to step 3 above. Proceed immediately to the next step.8.Warm Substrate Solution to room temperature. Add 100 μL of Substrate Solution to each well,including the blank wells. Incubate at room temperature on an orbital shaker. Actual incubation time may vary from 2-30 minutes.Note: Watch plate carefully; if color changes rapidly, the reaction may need to be stopped sooner to prevent saturation.9.Stop the enzyme reaction by adding 100 µL of Stop Solution into each well, including the blankwells. Results should be read immediately (color will fade over time).10.Read absorbance of each microwell on a spectrophotometer using 450 nm as the primary wavelength.Example of ResultsThe following figures demonstrate typical results with the LTA ELISA Kit. One should use the data below for reference only. This data should not be used to interpret actual results.Figure 1: LTA ELISA Kit Standard Curve.Figure 2: Detection of LTA in serum. Human serum samples were tested using the LTA ELISA Kit.References1.Ginsburg I (2002) Lancet Infect. Dis. 2:171-179.2.Richter SG, Elli D, Kim HK, Hendrickx APA, Sorg JA, Olaf Schneewind O, and Missiakas D(2013) PNAS110: 3531-35363.Percy MG Gründling A (2014) Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 68: 81-100.WarrantyThese products are warranted to perform as described in their labeling and in Cell Biolabs literature when used in accordance with their instructions. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES THAT EXTEND BEYOND THIS EXPRESSED WARRANTY AND CELL BIOLABS DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CELL BIOLABS’sole obligation and purchaser’s exclusive remedy for breach of this warranty shall be, at the option of CELL BIOLABS, to repair or replace the products. In no event shall CELL BIOLABS be liable for any proximate, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the products.Contact InformationCell Biolabs, Inc.7758 Arjons DriveSan Diego, CA 92126Worldwide: +1 858-271-6500USA Toll-Free: 1-888-CBL-0505E-mail: ********************©2021: Cell Biolabs, Inc. - All rights reserved. No part of these works may be reproduced in any form without permissions in writing.。
Chemlok 6956 胶合剂技术数据表说明书
Chemlok® 6956 Adhesive Technical Data SheetChemlok® 6956 adhesive is a high-performing adhesive that bonds rubber compounds to metal. It is composed of a mixture of polymers, organic compounds and mineral fillers dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent system. Chemlok 6956 adhesive is recommended for use over Chemlok 298 primer. In some applications, it may be used without a primer.Features and Benefits:Excellent Adhesion – Adheres well to properly prepared metals, such as cold rolled steel and aluminum. Temperature Resistant – Provides exceptional resistance to high heat applications and environments. Fluid Resistant – Provides excellent resistance to hot solutions of water and ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. Corrosion Resistant – provides excellent corrosion resistance when used with properly prepared metals. Elastomers:•N atural Rubber (NR) • Polybutadiene (BR)•Polyisoprene (IR) • Polychloroprene (CR)•S tyrene-butadiene (SBR)Application:Surface Preparation – Thoroughly clean metal surfaces prior to primer application. Remove protective oils, cutting oils and greases by solvent degreasing or alkaline cleaning. Remove rust, scale or oxide coatings by suitable chemical or mechanical cleaning methods.Allow primer to thoroughly dry before applying Chemlok 6956 adhesive.For further detailed information on surface preparationof specific substrates, refer to Chemlok Adhesives application guide.Mixing – Thoroughly stir adhesive before use, and agitate sufficiently during use to keep dispersed solids uniformly suspended. If dilution is needed, use xylene. Note proper dilution for the various application methods is best achieved by experience. Give careful attention to agitation since dilution will accelerate settling.Applying – Apply adhesive by brush or spray methods. Regardless of application method, the dry film thickness of Chemlok 6956 adhesive should be 12.7-25.4 micron (0.5-1.0 mil). If adhesive is used without a primer, dry film thickness must be at least 23 micron (0.9 mil).Drying/Curing – Thoroughly dry coated parts prior to bonding assemblies. Chemlok 6956 adhesive curesduring the rubber vulcanization process.Parker LORDEngineered Materials Group 111 LORD DriveCary, NC 27511-7923USAphone +1 877 ASK LORD (275 5673)Values stated in this document represent typical values as not all tests are run on each lot of material produced. For formalized product specifications for specific product end uses, contact the Customer Support Center.Information provided herein is based upon tests believed to be reliable. In as much as Parker LORD has no control over the manner in which others may use this information, it does not guarantee the results to be obtained. In addition, Parker LORD does not guarantee the performance of the product or the results obtained from the use of the product or this information where the product has been repackaged by any third party, including but not limited to any product end-user. Nor does the company make any express or implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose concerning the effects or results of such use.WARNING — USER RESPONSIBILITY . FAILURE OR IMPROPER SELECTION OR IMPROPER USE OF THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN OR RELATED ITEMS CAN CAUSE DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGE.This document and other information from Parker-Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries and authorized distributors provide product or system options for further investigation by users having technical expertise.The user, through its own analysis and testing, is solely responsible for making the final selection of the system and components and assuring that all performance, endurance, maintenance, safety and warning requirements of theapplication are met. The user must analyze all aspects of the application, follow applicable industry standards, and follow the information concerning the product in the current product catalog and in any other materials provided from Parker or its subsidiaries or authorized distributors.To the extent that Parker or its subsidiaries or authorized distributors provide component or system options based upon data or specifications provided by the user, the user is responsible for determining that such data and specifications are suitable and sufficient for all applications and reasonably foreseeable uses of the components or systems.©2022 Parker Hannifin - All Rights ReservedInformation and specifications subject to change without notice and without liability therefor. Trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.Chemlok 6956 Adhesive — Technical Data SheetOD DS4177 07/22 Rev.2Cleanup – Use xylene to remove wet or dry adhesive. Remove cured adhesive by mechanical blasting methods.Shelf Life/Storage:Shelf life is six months from date of shipment whenstored by the recipient in a well ventilated area at 21-27°C (70-80°F) in original, unopened container.Cautionary Information:Before using this or any Parker LORD product, refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and label for safe use and handling instructions.For industrial/commercial use only. Must be applied by trained personnel only. Not to be used in household applications. Not for consumer use.。
Tavilermide (MIM D3) 263251-78-1 GlpBio
Peptides, Inhibitors, AgonistsProduct Data SheetProduct Name: Tavilermide (MIM−D3)Cat. No.:GC31676Chemical Name:CHEMICAL PROPERTIESCas No.: 263251-78-1Molecular Formula: C24H32N6O11Molecular Weight: 580.54Storage: PowderSolubility: Soluble in DMSOChemical Structure:BackgroundTavilermide is a selective, partial agonist of TrkA, or a nerve growth factor (NGF) mimetic.Tavilermide (MIM−D3) is a tyrosine kinase TrkA receptor agonist, which can be used to treat dry eye.Tavilermide is a proteoly tically stable, cyclic peptidomimetic that has been shown to be a partial TrkA receptor agonist. Tavilermide demonstrates activities similar to NGF (but does not bind to the p75NTR receptor) and can potentiate the effects of suboptimal concentrations of NGF[1].References:[1]. Meerovitch K, et al. Safety and efficacy of MIM-D3 ophthalmic solutions in a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with dry eye. Clin Ophthalmol. 2013;7:1275-85.Research Update1. Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Concentration and Etching Time on Bond Strength to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic. Oper Dent. 2017 Nov/Dec;42(6):606-615. doi: 10.2341/16-215-L. Epub 2017 Jul 14. PMID:28708007AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) associated with varied etching times on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a resin cement to a lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Two hundred seventy-five ceramic blocks (IPS e.max Press [EMX], Ivoclar Vivadent), measuring 8 mm × 3 mm thickness, were randomly distributed into fivegroups according to the HF concentrations (n=50): 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%.2. Does acid etching morphologically and chemically affect lithium disilicate glass ceramic surfaces? J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2017 Jan 26;15(1):e93-e100. doi: 10.5301/jabfm.5000303. PMID:27647389AbstractBACKGROUND: This study evaluated the surface morphology, chemical composition and adhesiveness of lithium disilicate glass ceramic after acid etching with hydrofluoric acid or phosphoric acid.METHODS: Lithium disilicate glass ceramic specimens polished by 600-grit silicon carbide paper were subjected to one or a combination of these surface treatments: airborne particle abrasion with 50-μm alumina (AA), etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) or 36% phosphoric acid (Phos), and application of silane coupling age nt (Si).3. Fatigue failure load of feldspathic ceramic crowns after hydrofluoric acid etching at different concentrations. J Prosthet Dent. 2018 Feb;119(2):278-285. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.03.021. Epub 2017 May 26. PMID:28552291AbstractSTATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Hydrofluoric acid etching modifies the cementation surface of ceramic restorations, which is the same surface where failure is initiated. Information regarding the influence of hydrofluoric acid etching on the cyclic loads to failure of ceramic crowns is lacking.PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different hydrofluoric acid concentrations on the fatigue failure loads of feldspathic ceramic crowns.。