天津南开中学高三第五次月考

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天津市南开中学2022-2023学年高三下学期第五次月考英语试卷

天津市南开中学2022-2023学年高三下学期第五次月考英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．—Are you going to have your article published?—______ It’s too good an opportunity to miss.A．No problem!B．Why bother?C．Why me?D．That’s for sure. 2．If we order this English-Chinese dictionary in large quantities from the bookstore, they will consider giving us a _________of at least 10%.A．discount B．bargain C．budget D．reward 3．—Haven’t you handed in your composition yet?—Yes. I on it for twenty five minutes.A．had worked B．am working C．would work D．worked 4．When ______ into the passive voice, the sentence may take a different meaning. A．transformed B．recommended C．attracted D．represented 5．Each of you must give a really good reason for your own plan before it _________. A．comes out B．goes through C．puts forward D．works out 6．We couldn’t trust them________ all their friendly manners.A．in spite of B．in addition toC．as well as D．in memory of7．So far, the coach as well as all the players ________ their confidence.A．has lost B．have lost C．lost D．is losing 8．He hurried to the school, _________ no body there.A．just to find B．jut findingC．only to find D．only finding9．The newly-published book is written _____ for children, which is also popular with most parents.A．specifically B．willingly C．equally D．occasionally 10．_____ in financial scandals (丑闻), according to a social research, was regarded as top 1 reason for officials to give up political career in Italy.A．Involved B．Involving C．Being involved D．To involve11．Johnny, you ________ play with the knife, you ________ hurt yourself.A．won’t; can’t B．shouldn’t; must C．mustn’t; may D．can’t, wouldn’t 12．(2015·安徽)A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not _____________ ships are built for. A．what B．whomC．why D．when13．Most women identified at least one trusted friends __________ they could turn in a trouble moment.A．off which B．on which C．to whom D．up whom 14．Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up ________I could answer the phone.A．unless B．until C．before D．since 15．—I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your party last night.—________, I know you’re busy these days.A．Of course B．No kidding C．That’s all right D．All right二、完形填空On Christmas of 2017, I was born again. We like to spend our Christmas holidayspeople in the market, and learning more about their customs.We learned to slow down. When we were allowed to____32____ we took a road trip through the country to see something else. We did not care about our travel bucket____33____anymore—we were____34____, and we wanted to enjoy Uganda’s unique nature and its people. In the end, our Uganda trip was not about the places that we saw, but the people that we met. It was travel for____35____ more than sightseeing. 16．A．recommended B．chose C．predicted D．informed 17．A．blessing B．barrier C．limitation D．balance 18．A．complicated B．mysterious C．crowded D．cold 19．A．doubtful B．wonderful C．scary D．imaginary 20．A．sense B．sight C．control D．direction 21．A．severely B．permanently C．partly D．deliberately 22．A．discovered B．failed C．continued D．managed 23．A．spot B．accident C．country D．park 24．A．curious B．happy C．shocked D．creative 25．A．cleaned B．cured C．swept D．repaired 26．A．fortunate B．grateful C．ready D．relieved 27．A．movement B．dressing C．suffering D．exercise 28．A．asked B．forbidden C．permitted D．taught 29．A．occasional B．daily C．risky D．awful 30．A．put off B．carried on C．insisted on D．ended up 31．A．chatting B．arguing C．bargaining D．meeting 32．A．exercise B．wander C．leave D．escape 33．A．guide B．list C．approach D．memory 34．A．awake B．sensitive C．allergic D．alive 35．A．experiment B．explanation C．experience D．reflection三、阅读理解Give a little sunshine!The Council on Aging (COA) runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program, matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone.Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior’s life?The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolate (独居的) senior for a daily call When comfortable the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call. Then another, until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call. Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.What are the volunteer qualifications?V olunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls. Besides, volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers. All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check, the cost of which will be borne by COA．And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community!If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form.36．Why does the passage mention Sheila’s experience?A．To show her lonelinessB．To share a sweet memory.C．To stress the value of COA．D．To praise Rianne’s kindness.37．One of the responsibilities of volunteers is__________.A．making weekly calls to seniorsB．visiting seniors during holidaysC．introducing new friends to seniorsD．teaching seniors to use smart phones38．If you want to be a volunteer, what are you required to do?A．Learn the use of a chat app.B．Prepare a computer by yourself.C．Offer a letter of recommendation.D．Have relevant working experience.39．What is the purpose of the passage?A．To inform the readers of COA．B．To invite seniors to sign up for COAC．To introduce volunteer work in COA．D．To advertise for new volunteers for COA．40．Which of the following is the passage probably taken from?A．A newspaper for teenagers.B．A website of an organization.C．A guide for travelers.D．A magazine for the elderly.It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different elementary schools in and around the small town of 100-Mile House, British Columbia, were warming up and walking the route through thick evergreen forest.I looked around and finally saw David standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old, with messy red hair. But his usual big toothy grin was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. The only response he gave me was he had decided not to run. What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event! David’s cerebral palsy (脑瘫) prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his peers thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. It just took him longer. He had stubbornly run a total of twenty three kilometres in practice runs to prepare for that day’stwo-and-a-half-kilometre run, and he had asked me to come and watch. We sat down together on some steps, but David wouldn’t look at me. I quietly said, “David, if you don’t want to run today, no one is going to make you. But if you’re not running because you’re afraid someone is going to laugh, that’s not a good enough reason. There will always be someone who willlaugh and say mean things. Are you going to let them get in your way? If you really want to run, David, then you run!” I held my breath as David took this in. Then he looked at the field and said, “I’m gonna run.”The starter’s gun sounded. But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground. My heart sank. As I started to shout encouragement, David picked himself up and started again. All the other runners had disappeared over the hill. But it didn’t matter. He had worked for it, and he wouldn’t give up!I waited anxiously by the finish line as the most runners completed and another race had begun. Still no David! I started to feel sick. Had I done the wrong thing? Could he have become lost? Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. David raised his arms in triumph as he crossed the finish line to wild cheers and applause. He caught my eye, flashed me a toothy grin and said, “That was easy!”41．What made David unable to run like other children?A．His mental problem.B．His physical condition.C．His laziness.D．His hesitation.42．David decided to run because ___.A．he was encouraged toB．he wanted to be the firstC．he was laughed into doing itD．he knew it was a shorter distance43．Which of the following can best describe David?A．Brave and talkative.B．Out-going and kind-hearted.C．Lively and hard-working.D．Optimistic and strong-willed.44．By using the phrase “a toothy grin” in the last sentence, the writer intends to tell us about David’s ___.A．competence in finishing a runB．positive attitude towards lifeC．ability to win cheers and applauseD．efforts to catch others’ attention45．Which of the following is the proper theme of the text?A．Never judge a book by its cover.B．Well begun is half done.C．Where there is a will, there is a way.D．Many hands make light work.What would the world be if there were no hunger? It’s a question that the late ecologist Donella Meadows would ask her students at Dartmouth College back in the 1970s. She set out to create a global movement. The result — an approach known as systems thinking — is now seen as essential in meeting big global challenges.Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things relate with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system — or any other network — requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.Take nutrition for example. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization tracked 150 biochemicals in food and various databases, which revealed the relationships between calories, sugar, fat, vitamins and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, network scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26, 000 biochemicals and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking — which, in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power and status. But the food system is not an equal one. There have been calls for a World Food and Nutrition Organization, so that legally binding policies can be applied to all its members. Another way to address power imbalances is for more universities to do what Meadows did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.A team of researchers has done just that, through the Interdisciplinary Food Systems Teaching and Learning program. Students from disciplines including agriculture, ecology and economics learn together by drawing on their collective expertise in tackling real-world problems, such as how to reduce food waste. Since its launch in 2015, the program has trained more than 1, 500 students from 45 university departments.More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and embrace a systems approach, as the editors of Nature Food advocate in their launch editorial. Meadows knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”. 46．What can we learn about systems thinking?A．It offers a new perspective to understand the world.B．It plays an essential part in meeting big world problems.C．It has nothing to do with things outside the given system.D．It requires to know three players in a given system47．According to paragraph 3, the study conducted by network scientists revealed that __. A．artificial intelligence is more useful than traditional methodsB．achieving systems thinking requires identifying more componentsC．we are unable to gain thorough understanding of our nutritious systemD．some biochemicals are related with the occurrence of common diseases 48．According to the passage, what do we know about the Interdisciplinary Food Systems Teaching and Learning program?A．It is the only way of solving imbalance in our food system.B．It aims to urge the governments to carry ‘out its food policies.C．It seeks to solve theoretical issues about food and nutrition booD．It has cultivated many interdisciplinary talents since its launch.49．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?A．Results can’t be produced.B．Vision brings about change.C．Action matters more than saying.D．Systems thinking is too difficult to realize.50．The passage is mainly about __.A．how to conduct research efficientlyB．how to build a world food organizationC．an approach to solving real-world problemD．an approach to applying scientific findingsChatGPT is a new AI system that sounds so human in conversations that it could host its own radio programs. Reading between its instantly generated, perfectly grammatical lines, people see different visions of the future. Without doubt, ChatGPT is impressive.Some compare the emergence of ChatGPT to the impact of the iPhone, but that doesn’t do it justice. ChatGPT, as well as the generative AI that will follow and outsmart it, is more disruptive. And yet, that doesn’t necessarily mean the end of the world is upon us. On the contrary, ChatGPT, I would argue, might serve to make us more aware of our irreplaceable human qualities.Take the creative act, writing in particular, as an example. If you want it to, theAI-powered chatbot always produces something because it has the whole world of online data to draw from. But unlike us; it lacks the consciousness. Thinking is hard, critical thinking even harder, and ChatGPT isn’t good at either. It just restates what has already been said; it is one big recycling machine.There is another obvious limitation of ChatGPT. Philosopher Harry Frankfurt once claimed: the difference between a bullshitter (胡说八道的人) and a liar is that the liar. A knows what the truth is but decides to take the opposite direction; a bullshitter, however, has no regard for the truth at all. The AI scholar Gary Marcus applies this distinction to ChatGPT. He believes that we have reached a critical point where “the price of bullshit reaches zero and people who want to spread misinformation, either politically or just to make a profit, start doing that plentifully”. Unfortunately, ChatGPT will reproduce misinformation from any of its input sources — it is not an intelligent system that tries to balance or weight different perspectives. In this sense, everything that ChatGPT writes is bullshit.This is why the so-called AIQ is critical. It is actually an extension and a measurement of our human IQ: our overall knowledge of AI tools, our mastery of clues, and our ethical awareness. ChatGPT is going to change everything and nothing.Creativity, imagination and ethics — these will all remain unique human domains. It is the AI’s very limitations that will make us appreciate our own.51．What can we learn about ChatGPT?A．It helps generate an artificial voice.B．It provides instructions on writing skills.C．It generates natural language responses.D．It offers a service for language learning.52．What does the underlined word “disruptive” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Evil.B．Reliable.C．Profitable.D．Revolutionary.53．What’s the writing purpose of Paragraph 3?A．To show the differences between humans and AI.B．To describe the limitations of human consciousness.C．To prove ChatGPT might make humans more aware of their irreplaceable human qualities. D．To explain why ChatGPT isn’t a big recycling machine.54．Why does the author consider ChatGPT as a bullshit generator?A．It makes up lies constantly.B．It can’t tell right from wrong.C．It often makes unfair judgement.D．It always takes a neutral standpoint.55．Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．ChatGPT Makes Us HumanB．ChatGPT Is Causing Panic NowC．ChatGPT: Treat It Like a Toy, Not a ToolD．ChatGPT: Why It Is Bound to Generate Bullshit四、阅读表达阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题Look people in the eye. Smile. Shake hands. Sit up tall. Speak confidently. That’s the last-minute advice Professor Paul Calhoun gives college students before they head off for job interviews. The Skidmore College seniors he’s talking to are dressed in suits, dresses and heels. They stand out in a college library with other finals-takers, most in sweatpants orT-shirts.There isn’t an actual job interview, just a satisfactory or unsatisfactory grade from a popular, semester-long class called Presenting the Brand Called Me at this college in New York.Calhoun created the popular, semester-long course 10 years ago. He’d spent more than three decades working in the banking industry, where he saw the importance of presentation skills: “A lot of it is acting.”When Calhoun came to Skidmore as a business professor, he noticed a lot of students struggling with self-confidence and public speaking. He shaped what eventually became this class with the help of theater professors, in order to give business majors “the same training that the theater department gives to actors”. Over the 13 weeks, there are dance classes,role-playing, and a group of guest speakers who talk about cover letters and resumes (简历). By the end of the course, students leave with a “STAR” story — the short story about yourself and your abilities that’s designed to help land you a job. “People don’t remember when you tell them you’re good at something,” Calhoun explains, “they remember when you tell them a story that proves you’re good at something.”Dante Delemos is a junior business major, soft-spoken but confident. He says this class has helped him realize that telling a story — his story — has value, so he uses it whenever he can: in cover letters, to shape his resume and during interviews. And it did the trick. Delemos is spending the summer working in finance, with an internship (实习) in Manhattan. 56．What does Calhoun learn from his past experience in the banking industry?(No more than 10 words)______________________________________________________________57．How could job hunters impress people to get a job according to Calhoun?(No more than 15 words)______________________________________________________________58．What does the underlined phrase mean?(No more than 3 words)______________________________________________________________59．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?((No more than 10 words)______________________________________________________________ 60．Besides practicing presenting skills, what else can people do to become more confident? Please give your reasons. ((No more than 25 words)______________________________________________________________五、其他应用文61．假如你是晨光中学的学生李津。

2020-2021学年天津市南开中学高三(上)第四次月考英语试卷

2020-2021学年天津市南开中学高三（上）第四次月考英语试卷第一部分：听力（20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．（1分）What did the woman do last night？A．She slept．B．She watched TV．C．She surfed the internet2．（1分）When did the maths class end？A．At 3：00 p．m．B．At 12：00 p．m．C．At 10：00 a．m．3．（1分）What is wrong with the woman？A. She has caught a cold.B. She has got a cough.C. She feels tired.4．（1分）What does the man think of the woman？A．She is outgoingB．She is impoliteC．She is shy．5．（1分）What did the man do to the old windows？A．He had them replacedB．He had them repairedC．He had them cleaned．第二节（共3小题，每小题1.5分，满分15）听下面3段材料，每段材料后有几个小题。

从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。

每小题5秒钟。

听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段材料读两遍。

6．（4.5分）（1）What are the speakers talking about？A. A new study of eyes.B. An article in a magazine.C. The woman's best friend.（2）Why does the man ask the woman to recall her best friend's face？A. To know something about her best friend.B. To get information for an article.C. To examine the truth of a study（3）What do people do when remembering an image according to the study？A. They look up and to the right.B. They look up and to the left.C. They look directly to the left.7．（4.5分）（1）What do we know about the woman？A. She has got a good job.B. She has got some interview opportunities.C. She hasn't received any replies to the job applications.（2）Which field does the man want to work in？A. Marketing.B. Banking industry.C. Travel industry.（3）What will the man do next？A. Take some examinations.B. Go the banks for interviews.C. Send application e﹣mails to banks.8．（6分）（1）What are the speakers talking about？A. The weather forecast.B. The woman's work.C. The woman's study.（2）Where did the woman get her first job？A. In the BBC.B. In a radio station.C. At a local weather center.（3）What makes the weather forecast more accurate？A. The modern technology.B. The rich work experience.C. The weather training course.（4）What does the woman think of her job？A. Easy.B. Boring.C. Time﹣consuming.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合空白处的最佳选项。

天津市南开中学2024届高三下学期第四次月考化学试卷 (含答案与解析)

天津市南开中学2024届高三下学期第四次月检测化学试题本试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名､准考证号填写在答题卡上．2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号．回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效．3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．相对原子质量：N ：14 O ：16 F ：19 Mg ：24 Al ：27 K ：39 Fe ：56 Co ：59 一、选择题(每题只有一个选项是正确的，每题3分，共36分)1. 化学与生活紧密相关，下列说法正确的是 A. 浸有酸性高锰酸钾溶液的硅藻土可用于水果保鲜 B. 推广使用煤液化技术可以减少温室气体二氧化碳的排放 C. 过期药品属于有害垃圾，为防止污染环境应当深埋处理 D. 防晒衣的主要成分为聚酯纤维，可以长期用肥皂洗涤2. A N 为阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述中正确的是A. 常温常压下，246gNO 与24N O 混合气体共含A 2N 个氧原子B. 标准状况下，22.4L 乙烯中含有的σ键数目为A 4NC. 密闭容器中，()21molH g 与()21molI g 充分反应生成HI(g)，容器内分子数小于A 2ND. 常温下20.1molCl 与过量稀NaOH 溶液反应，转移的电子总数为A 0.2N 3. 反应物(S)转化为产物(P 或P Z ⋅)的能量与反应进程的关系如图所示：下列有关四种不同反应进程的说法正确的是 A. 进程I 是吸热反应 B. 平衡时P 的产率：II>I C. 生成P 的速率：III>IID. 进程IV 中，Z 没有催化作用4. W 、X 、Y 、Z 、R 是五种短周期主族元素，原子序数依次增大。

W 元素的一种离子与Li +具有相同的电子层排布且半径稍大，X 原子核外L 层的电子数与Y 原子核外M 层的电子数之比为3:2，X 与Z 同主族，Z 的价电子排布式为3s 23p 4。

天津市南开中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考英语试卷含答案

天津市南开中学2023届高三年级第三次统练英语科目一、听力理解试卷 A二、单项选择31. —This machine won’t work. Could you help me repair it?—Certainly. ______A. I’ll see to it.B. I’m in a hurry.C. I’m occupied.D. I have no idea.32. —Oh, God! I was almost hit by the car. It was driving so fast!—This is a busy crossroad. You ______ be too careful when crossing the street.A. may notB. needn’tC. mustn’tD. cannot33. The newly-built school was much bigger than she ______ at first.A. was thinkingB. thoughtC. had thoughtD. has thought34. It was difficult to keep a positive attitude when I had a list filled with things to do, _____ none sounded like fun.A. for whichB. to whichC. of whichD. from which35. As is reported, many a military medical worker _______ in HeBei province to help fight the deadly epidemic.A. has been stationedB. has stationedC. have stationedD. have been stationed36. Bing Dwen Dwen, has a massive fan base, and people are going crazy for products _______ the smiling panda.A. featuringB. featuredC. to featureD. feature37. It’s wise to have a(n) ________ solution to the problem we are facing now, in case the first one does not work when used.A. alternativeB. acceptableC. finalD. better38. In the modern information age, one can’t avoid __________ by various kinds of advertisements.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. being surroundedD. to be surrounded39. _______ I’m willing to help, I don’t have much time available.A. AsB. WhileC. As thoughD. Since40. It really annoys me that whenever I have important issues to deal with, something unexpected always keeps getting ________.A. in sightB. in the wayC. around the cornerD. out of place41. ________ the PX project will be called off depends, for it still needs more research and discussion.A. ThatB. WhetherC. WhereD. What42. There is no doubt that your tiredness is a(n) ________ of great stress and lack of sleep; you need to have a good rest.A. assumptionB. consequenceC. consumptionD. convenience43. “In no case shall the government give in to any terrorist in our country.” said the spokesman ______ to the media.A. deliberatelyB. urgentlyC. firmlyD. cautiously44. You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t ______ as you expect.A. work outB. take offC. break inD. put out45. — The deadline for applications is December 27th. We have to make a decision now.— Just ________, Bill! Let’s think about this for a moment.A. rise to your feetB. tick all the right boxesC. hold your horsesD. sit on the edge of your seat三、完形填空An Olympian (奥运会选手), Andrejczyk Maria, won silver in Tokyo. She would be auctioning (拍卖) off her silver medal to ___46___ money for Miloszek Malysa's operation, which she ___47___ Facebook.Miloszek had a serious heart disease. He ___48___ an operation. He already had a head start from Kubus, a boy who didn't make it in time but whose parents decided to ___49___ on the funds they collected.Andrcjczyk said in her post that the baby required around $383,000 to ___50___ all expenses. Andrejczyk added that half of the ___51___ had already been collected in the online fundraiser.Last week, she announced that the ___52___ of the auction was Zabka, a Polish convenience store chain. “It is with the greatest ___53___ that I give you my medal, which for me is a ___54___ of struggle, faith and the pursuit of dreams despite many ___55___ situations,” she wrote on Facebook. Zobka later said it would still provide the funds but Andrejczyk could ___56___ her Olympic medal.“We were moved by the extremely ___57___ gesture of our Olympian, so we decided to support the ___58___ of funds for Miloszck.” the company said. “We also decided that the ___59___ from Tokyo will stay with Ms Maria, who showed how great a ___60___ she is.”Andrejczyk said, “Winning the Olympic silver medal ___61___ me enormous happiness. I want to pass the feeing on to a ___62___ child. The true value of a medal always ___63___ in the heart. A medal is only a (n) ___64___ , but it can be of great value to others. This silver can save lives, instead of collecting ___65___ in a closet.”46. A. raise B. distribute C. make D. save47. A. applied for B. explained to C. posted on D. discussed with48. A. escaped B. needed C. feared D. offered49. A. pass B. live C. focus D. rely50. A. consider B. replace C. schedule D. cover51. A. income B. cost C. information D. courage52. A. owner B. competitor C. winner D. organizer53. A. power B. anxiety C. curiosity D. pleasure54. A. symbol B. suggestion C. trick D. tradition55. A. embarrassing B. shocking C. dangerous D. difficult56. A. gain B. return C. keep D. watch57. A. noble B. complex C. protective D. innocent58. A. separation B. command C. occupation D. collection59. A. greeting B. honor C. news D. decision60. A. mother B. writer C. medalist D. patient61. A. teaches B. obtains C. brings D. shows62. A. young B. naughty C. tireless D. frightening63. A. reduces B. remains C. mixes D. struggles64. A. belief B. tool C. imagination D. object65. A. joy B. dust C. knowledge D. litter四、阅读理解AWhen it comes to the UK, London likes to steal all the attention. Yes, yes, I know: it’s a great city with lots of culture and sights to see. However, I think we all need a break sometimes from the chaos of the city. Specifically, a trip to one of the UK’s national parks. A total of 15 areas in the UK are protected by the government. This allows everyone access to unblemished (洁净的) moors (旷野), mountains, rivers and a home where wildlife can flourish.In total, the national parks cover over 23,000 square kilometres, so where do you begin?DartmoorA paradise for a picnic, Dartmoor in the south of England offers miles and miles of beautiful but lonely moorland. Climb over natural rock formations such as Haytor or hike for hours into the sunset with only wild ponies (矮种马) for company. Be mindful – they might look sweet, but those wanting to pet them may lose a finger.SnowdoniaIf you’re after a challenge, head over to Snowdonia and climb the highest mountain in Wales. At 1,085 metres high, the views from Snowdon are spectacular. It will take you 5-6 hours to climb up and back down again. If a little mountain climbing isn’t your scene, the mountain railway will have you there and back in half the time.CastlesIn addition to Snowdon, Wales has over 100 castles spread throughout its three national parks. Some are broken ruins, blending with the nature around them, while others have been restored to their original glory. Climb the towers of Caernarfon Castle and explore the exhibitions to learn about medieval life, or visit the ghostly ruins of Ragland Castle just south of the Brecon Beacons.UllswaterFor those who feel more at home on the water, the Lake District has over 15 stunning (极美的) lakes. Ullswater is particularly beautiful and the perfect place for scenic boat trips, sailing or canoeing with friends. Swimming is also popular if you are able to brave the cold. Surrounding the lake are charming villages and countryside which can be explored by foot or on horseback.the White Cliffs of DoverIn the South Downs you’ll find one of Britain’s most striking views: the White Cliffs of Dover. This is the first view of England you’ll see if arriving by ferry, as long as it’s not foggy, of course.Stretching for miles between the blue sea and even bluer skies, the pure white cliffs feature in many wartime songs and films. Not convinced? Fear not, London is just over an hour away by train.66. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the text?A. To explore the UK’s distinctive culture.B. To inform readers of the attractions in London.C. To recommend some of the UK’s national parks.D. To explain why national parks are popular in the UK.67. In Dartmoor, tourists can enjoy themselves by _____.a. going hikingb. riding wild poniesc. having a picnicd. climbing the highest mountain thereA. a, bB. a, cC. b, cD. c, d68. For those who are interested in medieval history, ______ would be a good destination.A. SnowdoniaB. Caernarfon CastleC. UllswaterD. the South Downs69. To travel around villages in the Lake District, tourists can ______.A. take a trainB. take a ferryC. ride a horseD. go on a boat tripBI fell in love with the Little Free Library concept years ago on vacation. The concept of free literature-sharing boxes posted in neighborhoods and public spaces hooked me. For a booklover, this represented bliss (快乐). At home, my bedside table sprouts (长出) books and from the floor rises a mountainous to-be-read pile. My husband wasn’t the least bit surprised when I suggested starting our own Little Free Library. As a writer and introvert (内向的人), I welcomed the idea of saying hello to other booklovers on occasion.The following winter, my husband built a copy of our Irish garden shed (棚屋) with a framed glass door on the front and, in the spring, mounted (安装) it on a post in front of our house. We filled the shelves with books, and since then, visitors have refilled them with literary fiction, romances, mysteries, science fiction, cowboy westerns, young-adult fiction, poetry, how-to’s, self-help and a range of other nonfiction.For a time after COVID-19 first struck, public libraries shut down, and Amazon prioritized the delivery of essential and high-demand items. Books were less easily attained. Traffic to our library increased. I posted reminders about handwashing, and still, readers kept coming.We wondered if we should close the Little Free Library and revisited (再次讨论) our original motivations for hosting it: to facilitate the exchange of books, to create a sense of community. Reading provides the necessary relief to the emotional crush (压力) of life. With this in mind, we added a written reminder on staying safe in the library.Through my teens, reading transported me to other places and eras. Books taught me about life and how people overcame adversity (逆境). I no longer felt alone in the things I struggled against.Aside from the entertainment books offer, studies show that reading exposes us to other cultures and perspectives. Literature sheds light on the justice to be found in social inclusion and community cohesion (凝聚). Self-esteem and understanding grow in equal measure as we come to understand ourselves and our place in the world.During this pandemic, the Little Free Library has reinforced the importance of literature and reading to our emotional and mental health. It’s become an alternative means of creating a community of people with mutual regard for humanity and the written word. We are together even when apart.70. What attracted the author to host the Little Free Library?A. The emotional crush of life.B. The free literature-sharing concept.C. The sense of self-esteem and social justice.D. The importance of exchanging books with each other.71. What is the husband’s attitude toward building the Little Free Library?A. Objective.B. Supportive.C. Indifferent.D. Doubtful.72. What happened to the author’s Little Free Library during the pandemic?A. It was not allowed to be used.B. The number of books dropped sharply.C. It was getting more popular than before.D. Readers questioned the motivations for hosting it.73. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?A. How reading shaped the author’s growth.B. How we facilitated the exchange of books.C. How the Little Free Library further developed.D. How literature played a role in community building.74. What is the benefit of the Little Free Library during the pandemic?A. It has offered solutions to the pandemic.B. It has relieved the pressure of public libraries.C. It has exposed readers to foreign perspectives.D. It has helped create a united and cohesive community.CBritish programmer Joshua Browder is helping people save much money on legal fees with his latest project – the world’s first robot lawyer. The 19-year-old first started the project last summer as a free website to help people appeal unfair parking tickets. He came up with the idea after getting a series of tickets himself for unimportant reasons. Having wasted several hours on writing appeals to these tickets, he realized that many people have no time or legal knowledge or even the energy to appeal. So he decided to create an automatic appeal generator, which he named DoNotPay.DoNotPay was a huge success, and the tech genius has now gone a step further with the website, converting (转变) it into a robot lawyer equipped to help with various legal issues. “The robot can currently handle parking ticket appeals and delayed flights/trains. It can also answer some general legal questions like ‘I can’t afford my ticket. What do I do?’” said Browder.To use the service, users need to go to the website and sign up for free. Once signed in, the robot will ask the user a series of questions about their situation. When it has collected enough information, and if the person has legal grounds (依据) for an appeal, the robot will then generate a letter for the person to use.Browder said he received good advice from his professors at Stanford University, where he is currently a freshman. “Initially, I thought the best way to go about it was to create lots of individual rules for it to follow,” he explained. “However, I quickly failed with this approach because there are thousands of ways to say the same thing and it would be impossible to catch every one. The breakthrough came when I learned how to create a way for the robot to learn and compare phrases itself, so that it doesn’t matter how the user phrases his or her requests.”So he programmed the robot to use text comparison that includes keywords, word order and pronouns. And the more people use the robot, the better the algorithm (演算法) gets. But there are situations where the robot can’t help. “If the robot can’t answer, it provides helpful message offering the user some sample phrases or the choice of contacting me directly,” Browder said. “On the backend, whenever the robot can’t answer, I get notified and I work as quickly as possible to add functionality for any future requests of a similar nature.”“I think it does a reasonable job of replacing parking lawyers,” Browder told Tech Insider. “I know there are thousands of programmers with more experience than me working on similar issues. If it is one day possible for any citizen to get the same standard of legal representation as a billionaire, how can that not be a good thing?”75. What made Joshua Browder decide to develop the robot lawyer?A. His interest in law and robot.B. Being often fined for serious reasons.C. A waste of much money in appealing.D. Realizing people’s need to write appeals.76. According to the text, at present the robot lawyer can ________.A. teach the users to write a letter of appealB. create a computer program to serve its usersC. recommend some useful legal websites to usersD. deal with some common legal issues77. To use the robot lawyer’s service, a user should first ________.A. register onlineB. pay a small amount of moneyC. answer the robot’s questionsD. provide legal grounds for his appeal78. What did Browder’s professors advise him to do about his robot?A. Create enough individual rules for it to follow.B. Teach it to communicate with its users.C. Enabled it to learn and compare phrases on its own.D. Store enough legal knowledge in it.79. The underlined word “notified” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “________”.A. warnedB. informedC. convincedD. blamed80. What is Browder’s attitude to the world’s first robot lawyer?A. Unclear.B. Cautious.C. Proud.D. Negative.DIf I could give today’s young people three wishes, they would be: More hugs. More time outside innature. More belief in their own power to change the world. While most people understand the importance of the first two wishes, the third one leaves some folks wondering why young people’s belief in their own power is so essential.Let’s start with the idea that all of us--especially young people--need heroes. We need them to be our guides on the difficult trail(足迹) we call life and to show us just how far we can go. And we need heroes today more than ever. Our modern society is terribly confused about the difference between a celebrity and a hero. And the difference: is vital. A celebrity is all about fame--temporary, superficial fame, usually for qualities that are easy to see: a pretty face, a great dance move. A hero, by contrast, is about character--qualities under the surface that aren’t visible until they take action.Heroes are all around us. They truly hold our world together, through their unselfish devotion to helping others, teaching children, and protecting the environment. They don’t want fame, or glory; they just want to help. In so many ways, these unsung heroes pilot the boat in which all of us sail.Yet, young people hear a lot more about celebrities than about heroes in the media. The hidden message they get from all this is that their self-worth comes from what they buy--which shoes, which cell phone--not who they are down inside. What gets lost in this? Young people’s sense of their own potential for heroic qualities--their own power to make a positive difference in the world. Truth is, there is a potential hero, a future difference maker, in every young person. Each of them, from whatever background, is a positive force who can do something. All it takes for that to be true is belief.How do we help young people believe in their own power? The best way is simply to share examples, of other young people who have made a difference.Ryan, age 11, has worked tirelessly to raise money to provide clean drinking water to African villages. When he first heard about the plight(困苦) of African children who died from impure water, Ryan was only six years old. In the next five years, he raised over $500,000--enough to build over 70 water wells.Barbara, age 17, grew up on a farm in Texas. When she realized that local farmers were pouring their used motor oil into rivers, causing pollution, she organized the creation of a recycling center for crude(未加提炼的)oil. Her project has grown to include 18 recycling centers in Texas.The list could continue. These are but a few examples of young people who have discovered that they can build on their own energy to do something great.81. What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 2?A. To give examples of celebrities and heroes around us.B. To discuss the differences between celebrities and heroes.C. To provide definitions of the words “celebrity” and “hero”.D. To explain the details about being celebrities and heroes.82. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. Heroes make the world go round.B. Heroes must believe in themselves.C. Heroes focus on social welfare programs.D. Heroes promote cooperation between people.83. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A. Heroes and celebrities are both valued today.B. Society doesn’t support the development of heroes.C. The media turn ordinary celebrities into real heroes.D. Young people don’t have the belief in their own strength.84. How does the author advance his view that young people have the potential to be a hero?A. By defining the qualities that make a young person a hero.B. By contrasting the achievements made by different young people.C. By giving examples of young people who show the qualities of a hero.D. By providing examples of qualities that have made young people famous.85. What is the main idea of the passage?A. More heroes are needed in the world.B. Celebrities are reported too much in the media.C. Adults should become role models for young people.D. Young people should believe in their ability to make a difference.五、阅读表达27-year-old Lesley Kehoe and 29-year-old Gordon Bond had grown tired of their daily travel from their home in County Kildare to their jobs in Dublin. They both loved their work, but they wanted a change and a break from their routine. Then one day they heard about Peig Sayers’ Cottage on Great Blasket Island and a decision was made immediately.Great Blasket Island, off the beautiful coast of County Kerry, was abandoned back in 1954 after a decline in population, along with concerns about the difficulty of reaching the island in the event of an emergency. The island, which remains largely unoccupied now, does not have electricity or hot running water.In April, Kehoe and Gordon packed their bags to head for Great Blasket Island. On the island, the couple worked to run Peig Sayers’ Cottage, a guest accommodation named after the famous Irish novelist who used to live and work there. Besides, they had to maintain the heritage(文化遗产) of Peig Sayers’ Cottage.Kehoe discussed the change of lifestyle she’s had on the island, “There’s a wind turbine(发电机) to generate electricity. It wouldn’ t be powerful enough to run a vacuum cleaner or anything, but it can charge my phone.” This didn’t hamper us from enjoying life there. Disconnecting from the rush of everyday life and getting off the grid (电网) made them feel relaxed. They enjoyed cooking on gas cookers and lighting candles for light. Kehoe even steeled herself and got used to taking cold showers. Kehoe often shared pictures and videos that showed a way of life that may seem foreign and idyllic(悠闲的) when compared to the modern “rat race”.The couple’s time on the island will terminate in October and Kehoe said they would be “heart-broken” to leave. She said, “I don’t think either of us is ready to leave the island; but we will have to go back to our old life. However, with this break I’ m sure we can work better after we return to our work.”86.How did the couple react when hearing about Peig Sayers’Cottage? (no more than 10 words)______________________________________________________________________________ 87.What did the couple mainly do on Great Blasket Island?(no more than 10 words)______________________________________________________________________________88. What did the couple think of their electricity-free life?(no more than 5 words)______________________________________________________________________________ 89.How do you understand the underlined word in Paragraph 5?(no more than 3 words)______________________________________________________________________________ 90.What do you learn from the couple’s story?(no more than 20 words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、书面表达假如你是李津。

2024届重庆市南开中学校高三下学期5月月考化学试题(含答案与解析)_8247

2024届重庆市南开中学校高三下学期5月月考化学试题考生注意：1．本试卷满分100分，考试时间75分钟。

2．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。

必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1C 12N 14O 16S 32Cl 35.5Cr 52Se 79--------Bi 209-一、选择题：本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1. 国家“十四五”规划涉及的下列物质中，主要成分属于金属材料的是A ．人工智能芯片B ．人造软骨聚乙烯醇C ．量子信息螺旋碳纳米管D ．深海蛟龙探海潜水器A. AB. BC. CD. D2. 下列反应原理和方程式书写错误的是 A. 工业冶炼镁：22H MgOMg H O ++高温B. 3SbCl 水解制备233223Sb O :2SbCl 3H O Sb O 6HCl ++C. 惰性电极电解丙烯腈制备己二腈：()2222412CH CHCN H O NC CH CN O 2=++↑电解 D 乙酰胺与氢氧化钠溶液共热：3233CH CONH OH CH COO NH ∆--+−−→+↑ 3. 下列叙述不正确的是A. Na 分别与熔融氯化镁和氯化镁溶液反应，生成的产物不同B. 2Cl 分别与足量Fe 和Cu 反应，生成物中金属元素的化合价不同C. 32CH CH OH 分别与2O 和3CH COOH 反应，反应的类型不同D. 32CH CH Br 分别与氢氧化钠水溶液和氢氧化钠醇溶液反应，生成的溴化物不同4. 已知反应：322 A SO 2S 3Cl 3SOCl ,N ++=为阿伏加德罗常数的值，若消耗67.2L （标准状况）2Cl ，下列叙述错误的是 A. 转移的电子数为A 8N B. 生成的2SOCl 价层电子对数为A 3N C. 参加反应的单质硫质量为64gD. 参加反应的3SO 分子数为A N5. 下列实验装置或操作能够达到实验目的的是A ．实验室制乙炔B ．验证羟基活化苯环C ．验证牺牲Zn 保护FeD ．制备()3424Cu NH SO ·H O ⎡⎤⎣⎦晶体A. AB. BC. CD. D6. 二步发酵法是工业合成维生素C 最常用方法，下列说法不正确的是.A. 上述物质在催化剂作用下与足量氢气反应，π键均可断裂B. 转化过程涉及还原反应、氧化反应、取代反应C. 每个物质均含有3sp 杂化碳原子D. 每个物质均含有2个及以上的手性碳原子7. 根据下列实验操作和现象，得出的相应结论正确的是选项实验操作现象结论A用铂丝蘸取少量某溶液进行焰色试验有黄色火焰，透过蓝色钴玻璃观察到紫色火焰溶液中含有钠盐和钾盐B向140.1mol L CuSO - 溶液中加入NaCl 固体溶液由蓝色变为黄绿色存在转化：()224Cu H O 4Cl +-⎡⎤+⎣⎦[]242CuCl 4H O -+C 向23Na SiO 溶液中滴加稀盐酸溶液有白色胶状沉淀非金属性：Cl Si >D将铁锈溶于浓盐酸，滴入4KMnO 溶液紫红色褪去铁锈中含有二价铁A. AB. BC. CD. D8. 3PCl 发生水解反应的机理如下图。

2023-2024学年天津市南开中学高一上学期月考数学试卷+答案解析(附后)

2023-2024学年天津市南开中学高一上学期月考数学试卷一、单选题：本题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分。

在每小题给出的选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.设集合，，则( )A. B. C. D.2.设，且则( )A. B. C. D.3.若集合，，则的充要条件是( )A. B. C. D.4.设命题p：，，则为( )A. ，B. ，C. ，D. ，5.不等式中等号成立的条件是 ( )A. B. C. D.6.已知集合，，若，则a的取值范围为( )A. B.C. D.7.正实数a，b满足，，则的最小值为( )A. B. C. D.8.命题“任意，”为真命题的一个充分不必要条件是( )A. B. C. D.9.已知命题，，命题，，若命题p，q都是真命题，则实数a的取值范围是.( )A. B.C.或 D.10.若关于x的方程的两个实数根，，集合，，，，则关于x的不等式的解集为( )A. B.C. D.二、填空题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。

11.设a，，若集合，则__________.12.试用列举法表示集合：__________；13.不等式的解集为__________.14.已知实数，当取得最小值时，则的值为__________.15.若两个正实数x，y满足，且不等式有解，则实数m的取值范围是__________.16.若函数的最小值为0，则m的取值范围为__________.三、解答题：本题共3小题，共36分。

解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤。

17.本小题10分设全集为，集合，，求，，；若，求实数a的取值范围.18.本小题12分解关于x的不等式：19.本小题14分已知且，记m为的最大值，记n为ab的最大值.求的值;若，且对任意，恒成立，求的最大值.答案和解析1.【答案】C 【解析】【分析】本题考查交集运算，属于基础题.根据交集的定义求解即可.【解答】解：因为，，所以.故选：2.【答案】D 【解析】【分析】本题考查不等式的性质，属于基础题.运用不等式的性质，结合特例法逐一判断即可.【解答】解：A ：当时，显然不成立，因此本选项不正确；B ：当时，没有意义，因此本选项不正确；C ：若，显然，但是不成立，因此本选项不正确；D ：由，因此本选项正确，故选：D 3.【答案】D 【解析】【分析】本题考查充要条件及含参数的集合关系问题，属于基础题.利用充要条件及两个集合的关系即可得出答案.【解答】解：因为集合，，且，所以，故选：4.【答案】B 【解析】【分析】本题考查全称量词命题的否定，属于基础题.根据全称量词命题的否定是特称量词命题可得答案.【解答】解：命题p：，，则为， .故选：5.【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题考察基本不等式，属于基础题.易知取等时解出x即可.【解答】解：故选6.【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题考查交集及集合包含关系的判断，分类讨论含参数的集合包含关系，属于中档题.由可以得到，从而对集合B分类讨论即可求解参数a的范围.【解答】解：已知，又因为，，即，①当时，满足，此时，解得；②当时，由，得，解得；综上所述， .故选：7.【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题考查由基本不等式求最值，属于基础题.由题意可得，，再利用基本不等式求解即可．【解答】解：，，且，，当且仅当，即，时，等号成立，即的最小值为 .故选：8.【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题考查充分不必要条件的应用，属于中档题.求出命题“任意，”为真命题的充要条件，然后可选出答案.【解答】解：由可得，当时，，所以，所以命题“任意，”为真命题的充要条件是，所以命题“任意，”为真命题的一个充分不必要条件是C，故选：C9.【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题考查利用基本不等式解决恒成立及一元二次方程问题，属于中档题.若命题p为真命题，利用基本不等式求出的最小值即可得到a的取值范围，若命题q为真命题，则由即可求出a的取值范围，再取两者的交集即可.【解答】解：命题p：为真命题，对任意恒成立，又，，当且仅当，即时，等号成立，，命题，，为真命题，，或，命题p，q都是真命题，或 .故选：C10.【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题考查一元二次方程与一元二次不等式解集的关系，涉及集合的混合运算，属于中档题.根据一元二次不等式的解法，可知的解集在两根之外，讨论两根大小，然后根据集合的运算即可求解.【解答】解：当，则的解集为或，，，，，所以或 .当，则的解集为或，，，，，所以或，综上，故选：11.【答案】0【解析】【分析】本题考查集合相等，属于中档题.利用集合相等以及，可得，即，代入原式可得的值，进而求出答案．【解答】解：由题意可知：，因为，则，可得，则，可得，且满足，所以 .故答案为：12.【答案】【解析】【分析】本题考查集合的表示方法，属于基础题.求解x 的范围，然后表示成描述法即可.【解答】解：由题意可得： .故答案为： .13.【答案】【解析】【分析】本题考查分式不等式的解法，属于基础题.根据分式不等式求解方法进行求解即可．【解答】解：不等式等价于，解得，所以原不等式的解集为 .故答案为： .14.【答案】4 【解析】【分析】本题考查利用基本不等式求最值，属于中档题.先利用配凑法根据基本不等式求最值，根据取等条件得，即即得.【解答】解：根据题意可得，，因，所以，，所以即，当且仅当时等号成立，此时，解得，则 .故答案为： 415.【答案】【解析】【分析】本题考查利用基本不等式解决有解问题，属于中档题.由已知结合基本不等式中“1”的代换求解的最小值，然后结合存在性问题与最值关系的转化，解一元二次不等式即可.【解答】解：因为两个正实数x，y满足，所以，所以，当且仅当即时，等号成立.因为有解，所以，即，解得或，即实数m的取值范围是 .故答案为： .16.【答案】【解析】【分析】本题考查由函数的最值求参，属于较难题.根据题意，讨论，求得时，取得最小值 0 ，去绝对值，结合二次函数的最值求法，即可得到所求范围.【解答】解：当时，，当时，取得最小值 0 ，满足条件；当时，，当时，可得，当时，，，当时，，当时，取得最小值0，此时；当时，，由题意可得恒成立，不满足.则m的取值范围为 .故答案为：17.【答案】解：因为，，根据并集、补集的概念可得，或，或，所以，或 .若，则，解得，若，则，且或，解得，所以实数a的取值范围是 .【解析】本题考查集合的运算，属于中档题.根据集合A、B利用集合的交集、并集、补集的运算即可求得结果.分集合C为空集和C不为空集两种情况分类讨论，利用交集运算的概念得到a的范围.18.【答案】解：，时，，解集为时，不等式无解；时，，解集为时，不等式为，解集为；时，不等式的解集为或，综上，时，不等式的解集是；时，不等式的解集是或；时，不等式的解集是；时，不等式无解；时，不等式的解集是【解析】本题考查了含有参数的一元二次不等式的解法，解题关键在于对参数的分类讨论，注意参数的正负情况对于解集的影响，属于中档题.分类讨论，进行求解即可.19.【答案】解：因为，所以，因为，所以，因为，当且仅当时取等号，所以，得，当且仅当时取等号，所以ab的最大值为1，即，因为，所以，所以，所以，当且仅当时取等号，所以的最大值为2，即，由题可得，令，则，故 .对任意，，则恒成立，因为a为正数，所以所以，此时，所以，当时，等号成立，此时成立，所以的最大值为第11页，共11页【解析】本题主要考查利用基本不等式求最值，一元二次不等式恒成立问题，属于难题.利用基本不等式结合已知可求得，则，从而可求出 n 的值，再结合完全平方公式可求出 m ；令，则，得，根据时，，求得的关系，从而可得的取值范围，根据取最大值的的值检验不等式恒成立，即可求得结果.。

高中化学专题05 元素及其化合物-2020年高考化学真题与模拟题分类训练(学生版)

专题05 元素及其化合物1．【2020新课标Ⅰ】下列气体去除杂质的方法中，不能实现目的的是2．【2020新课标Ⅱ】北宋沈括《梦溪笔谈》中记载：“信州铅山有苦泉，流以为涧。

挹其水熬之则成胆矾，烹胆矾则成铜。

熬胆矾铁釜，久之亦化为铜”。

下列有关叙述错误的是A．胆矾的化学式为CuSO4B．胆矾可作为湿法冶铜的原料C．“熬之则成胆矾”是浓缩结晶过程D．“熬胆矾铁釜，久之亦化为铜”是发生了置换反应3．【2020天津】在全国人民众志成城抗击新冠病毒期间，使用的“84消毒液”的主要有效成分是A．NaOH B．NaCl C．NaClO D．Na2CO34．【2020江苏】下列有关化学反应的叙述正确的是A．室温下，Na在空气中反应生成Na2O2B．室温下，Al与4.0 mol﹒L-1NaOH溶液反应生成NaAlO2C．室温下，Cu与浓HNO3反应放出NO气体D．室温下，Fe与浓H2SO4反应生成FeSO45．【2020江苏】下列有关物质的性质与用途具有对应关系的是A．铝的金属活泼性强，可用于制作铝金属制品B．氧化铝熔点高，可用作电解冶炼铝的原料C．氢氧化铝受热分解，可用于中和过多的胃酸D．明矾溶于水并水解形成胶体，可用于净水6．【2020江苏】下列选项所示的物质间转化均能实现的是 A ．NaCl (aq)2Cl →电解(g)→石灰水漂白粉(s)B ．NaCl (aq)()2CO 3gNaHCO −−−→(s)23Na CO →加热(s)C ．NaBr (aq)()2Cl 2gBr −−−→(aq)()Nal 2aqI −−−→(aq)D ．2Mg(OH )(s)()HCl aq −−−→2MgCl (aq)Mg →电解(s) 7．【2020年7月浙江选考】下列说法不正确．．．的是( ) A ．Cl −会破坏铝表面的氧化膜 B ．NaHCO 3的热稳定性比Na 2CO 3强C ．KMnO 4具有氧化性，其稀溶液可用于消毒D ．钢铁在潮湿空气中生锈主要是发生了电化学腐蚀 8．【2020年7月浙江选考】下列说法不正确．．．的是( ) A ．高压钠灯可用于道路照明 B ．SiO 2可用来制造光导纤维C ．工业上可采用高温冶炼黄铜矿的方法获得粗铜D ．BaCO 3不溶于水，可用作医疗上检查肠胃的钡餐 9．【2020年7月浙江选考】下列说法正确的是( ) A ．Na 2O 在空气中加热可得固体Na 2O 2 B ．Mg 加入到过量FeCl 3溶液中可得Fe C ．FeS 2在沸腾炉中与O 2反应主要生成SO 3 D ．H 2O 2溶液中加入少量MnO 2粉末生成H 2和O 210．【2020年7月浙江选考】Ca 3SiO 5是硅酸盐水泥的重要成分之一，其相关性质的说法不正确．．．的是( ) A ．可发生反应：Ca 3SiO 5+4NH 4Cl Δ 3+2CaCl 2+4NH 3↑+2H 2OB ．具有吸水性，需要密封保存C ．能与SO 2，反应生成新盐D ．与足量盐酸作用，所得固体产物主要为SiO 211．(2020届广东省深圳市高三第一次调研)铜与浓硫酸反应的装置如图所示。

天津市南开中学2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次月考数学试卷

可求出结果.
答案第31 页，共22 页
【详解】设{an
-
n}
的公比为
q
，则
q
=
a2 a1
-2 -1
=
11- 2 4 -1
=
3
，
所以 an - n = (a1 -1) × qn-1 = (4 -1) ×3n-1 = 3n ，则 an = n + 3n ，
所以 a4 = 4 + 34 = 85 ，
所以落在区间[4,85] 内的偶数共有 41 个，故t (a4 ) = 41 .
11．在
æ çè
3x2
-
2 x
ö5 ÷ø
的展开式中，
x
的系数是
．
三、双空题
12．已知直线 l : y = kx - 2(k > 0) 与圆 x2 + y2 = 1 相切，且被圆 x2 + ( y + a)2 = 4(a > 0) 截
得的弦长为 2 3 ，则 k = ； a = ．
四、填空题
13．锐角a
(2)求数列{anbn} 的前 n 项和 Sn ；
å (3)若数列{dn} 满足 d1 = 1 ， dn + dn+1 = bn ，记Tn =
n
dk
m ．是否存在整数，使得对
b k =1 2k
任意的 n Î N * 都有1 £
mTn
-
dn b2n
<
m 2 成立？若存在，求出
的值；若不存在，说明理由．
故选：C. 9．B
【分析】根据三角函数的变换规则求出 g ( x) 的解析式，再根据正弦函数的性质判断
A、C、D，利用诱导公式判断 B.

专题02 函数的概念与基本初等函数(原卷版)

专题02函数的概念与基本初等函数1．【2019年天津文科05】已知a＝log27，b＝log38，c＝0.30.2，则a，b，c的大小关系为（）A．c＜b＜a B．a＜b＜c C．b＜c＜a D．c＜a＜b2．【2019年天津文科08】已知函数f（x）若关于x的方程f（x）x+a（a∈R）恰有两个互异的实数解，则a的取值范围为（）A．[，] B．（，] C．（，]∪{1} D．[，]∪{1}3．【2019年新课标3文科12】设f（x）是定义域为R的偶函数，且在（0，+∞）单调递减，则（）A．f（log3）＞f（2）＞f（2）B．f（log3）＞f（2）＞f（2）C．f（2）＞f（2）＞f（log3）D．f（2）＞f（2）＞f（log3）4．【2019年新课标2文科06】设f（x）为奇函数，且当x≥0时，f（x）＝e x﹣1，则当x＜0时，f（x）＝（）A．e﹣x﹣1 B．e﹣x+1 C．﹣e﹣x﹣1 D．﹣e﹣x+15．【2019年新课标1文科03】已知a＝log20.2，b＝20.2，c＝0.20.3，则（）A．a＜b＜c B．a＜c＜b C．c＜a＜b D．b＜c＜a6．【2019年北京文科03】下列函数中，在区间（0，+∞）上单调递增的是（）A．y＝x B．y＝2﹣x C．y＝log x D．y7．【2018年新课标2文科12】已知f（x）是定义域为（﹣∞，+∞）的奇函数，满足f（1﹣x）＝f（1+x），若f（1）＝2，则f（1）+f（2）+f（3）+…+f（50）＝（）A．﹣50 B．0 C．2 D．508．【2018年新课标1文科12】设函数f（x），则满足f（x+1）＜f（2x）的x的取值范围是（）A．（﹣∞，﹣1] B．（0，+∞）C．（﹣1，0）D．（﹣∞，0）9．【2018年新课标3文科07】下列函数中，其图象与函数y＝lnx的图象关于直线x＝1对称的是（）A．y＝ln（1﹣x）B．y＝ln（2﹣x） C．y＝ln（1+x）D．y＝ln（2+x）10．【2018年北京文科05】“十二平均律”是通用的音律体系，明代朱载堉最早用数学方法计算出半音比例，为这个理论的发展做出了重要贡献，十二平均律将一个纯八度音程分成十二份，依次得到十三个单音，从第二个单音起，每一个单音的频率与它的前一个单音的频率的比都等于．若第一个单音的频率为f，则第八个单音的频率为（）A．f B．f C．f D．f11．【2018年天津文科05】已知a，b，c，则a，b，c的大小关系为（）A．a＞b＞c B．b＞a＞c C．c＞b＞a D．c＞a＞b12．【2017年北京文科05】已知函数f（x）＝3x﹣（）x，则f（x）（）A．是偶函数，且在R上是增函数B．是奇函数，且在R上是增函数C．是偶函数，且在R上是减函数D．是奇函数，且在R上是减函数13．【2017年北京文科08】根据有关资料，围棋状态空间复杂度的上限M约为3361，而可观测宇宙中普通物质的原子总数N约为1080，则下列各数中与最接近的是（）（参考数据：lg3≈0.48）A．1033B．1053C．1073D．109314．【2017年天津文科06】已知奇函数f（x）在R上是增函数．若a＝﹣f（），b＝f（log24.1），c＝f （20.8），则a，b，c的大小关系为（）A．a＜b＜c B．b＜a＜c C．c＜b＜a D．c＜a＜b15．【2017年天津文科08】已知函数f（x），设a∈R，若关于x的不等式f（x）≥|a|在R上恒成立，则a的取值范围是（）A ．[﹣2，2]B ．C ．D ．16．【2018年新课标1文科13】已知函数f （x ）＝log 2（x 2+a ），若f （3）＝1，则a ＝． 17．【2018年新课标3文科16】已知函数f （x ）＝ln （x ）+1，f （a ）＝4，则f （﹣a ）＝．18．【2018年天津文科14】已知a ∈R ，函数f （x ）．若对任意x ∈[﹣3，+∞），f （x ）≤|x |恒成立，则a 的取值范围是．19．【2017年新课标2文科14】已知函数f （x ）是定义在R 上的奇函数，当x ∈（﹣∞，0）时，f （x ）＝2x 3+x 2，则f （2）＝．20．【2017年新课标3文科16】设函数f （x ），则满足f （x ）+f （x ）＞1的x 的取值范围是．21．【2017年北京文科11】已知x ≥0，y ≥0，且x +y ＝1，则x 2+y 2的取值范围是．1．【山西省晋城市2019届高三第三次模拟考试】若函数(()sin ln f x x ax =⋅的图象关于y 轴对称，则实数a 的值为（） A ．2B ．4C ．2±D ．4±2．【广东省东莞市2019届高三第二学期高考冲刺试题（最后一卷)】己知()f x 是定义在R 上的偶函数，在区间(]0-∞，为增函数，且()30f =，则不等式(12)0f x ->的解集为（） A ．()10-，B ．()12-，C ．()02，D ．()2，+∞ 3．【天津市河北区2019届高三一模】已知()f x 是定义在R 上的偶函数，且()f x 在[)0,+∞内单调递减，则（）A ．()()()320log 2log 3f f f <<-B ．()()()32log 20log 3f f f <<-C ．()()()23log 3log 20f f f -<<D ．()()()32log 2log 30f f f <-<4．【天津市红桥区2019届高三二模】已知 1.22a =，52log 2=b ，1ln3c =，则（）A ．a b c >>B ．a c b >>C ．b a c >>D ．b c a >>5．【河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评】已知函数()221log 2xf x x+=-，若()f a b =，则()4f a -=（）A ．bB ．2b -C ．b -D ．4b -6．【河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评】已知函数()21x f x x =-，则（）A ．()f x 在()0,1单调递增B ．()f x 的最小值为4C ．()y f x =的图象关于直线1x =对称D ．()y f x =的图象关于点()1,2对称7．【山东省栖霞市2019届高三高考模拟卷（新课标I)】已知定义在R 上的奇函数()f x 满足(2)()f x f x +=-，当01x ≤≤时，2()f x x =，则(1)(2)(3)(2019)f f f f ++++=L （）A ．2019B ．0C ．1D ．-18．【天津市红桥区2019届高三一模】若方程2121x kx x -=--有两个不同的实数根，则实数k 的取值范围是（） A ．(),1-∞-B ．()1,0-C ．()0,4D ．()()0,11,49．【天津市部分区2019届高三联考一模】设,m n R ∈，则“m n <”是“112m n-⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭”的（）A ．充分而不必要条件B ．必要而不充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件10．【广东省2019届高考适应性考试】某罐头加工厂库存芒果()m kg ，今年又购进()n kg 新芒果后，欲将芒果总量的三分之一用于加工为芒果罐头。

天津南开中学2024届高三第三次月检测答案

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4
4
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3
(125
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210.2
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3
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210.9
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4
4
由[S] 的定义，得[S] = 211 ，
所以[S] 的值是 211.
6/6
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2，
解得 k =
2 2
，所以直线 l1
的斜率为
2. 2
所以
P
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C
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因为 CP ⊥ PT ，所以直线 l2 的斜率为 k2 = −
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（3）设直线 l2 的方程为 y = −
2 x + 13 2 c ，与椭圆方程联立可得：
1
−
−
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2
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15 ， 4
△ABC 的面积为 3
15
，可得
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bc
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A
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=1504 ；

天津市南开中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第三次月考英语试题

高三年级阶段性统一练习（三）英语科目2023年1月本练习分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，时长120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(共115分)第一部分：听力（20分）第一节听下面五段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Where does the girl usually listen to English?A.At school.B.On the bus.C.At home.2.Why was the woman angry?A.The waiter was rude.B.The meal took too long.C.The food was terrible.3.What does the man mean?A.His Spanish was pretty good.B.His Spanish teacher helped him a lot.C.He had trouble with some words of the book.4.What kind of party will the speakers have tomorrow?A.A birthday party.B.A wedding party.C.A going-away party.5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.A French exam.B.An interpreter course.C.A job opportunity.第二节听下面几段材料。

每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

2024届天津市南开中学高三上学期12月月考生物试题及答案

南开中学2024届高三第二次月检测生物学科试卷考试时间：60 分钟本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(单选题) 和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题) 两部分，共100分。

注意事项：1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2. 请将答案正确填写在答题纸上Ⅰ卷(共 48 分)一、单选题(每题4分，共48分)1.细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位，下列相关叙述正确的是( )A. 乳酸菌、醋酸菌、大肠杆菌、哺乳动物成熟的红细胞均无细胞核，都是原核细胞B.细胞学说揭示了生物界的统一性，但未涉及病毒和原核生物C. HIV 、肺炎支原体、烟草花叶病毒的遗传物质都是 RNAD.细胞中存在纤维素构成的细胞骨架，细胞骨架与物质运输等生命活动有关2.甲图中①②③④表示不同化学元素所组成的化合物，乙图表示由单体构成的化合物(局部)。

以下说法错误的是( )A.甲图中所示的化学元素只有大量元素，没有微量元素B.若甲图中②是储能物质，则其可能是淀粉，也可能是脂肪C. 若乙图表示蛋白质的一部分，则其变性后不能与双缩脲试剂发生紫色反应D.若乙图表示核糖核酸，则其彻底水解后，产物种类最多可达6种3.下列关于人体细胞生命历程的叙述，错误的是( )A.胚胎细胞中存在与细胞凋亡有关的基因B. 白细胞和骨骼肌细胞所含的蛋白质中有部分相同试卷第1页，共9页C. 衰老的神经细胞发生萎缩，细胞核体积也随之变小D. 机体通过免疫系统清除被新冠病毒感染的细胞属于细胞凋亡4. 研究表明，烟草细胞吸收与利用 NO −3主要是通过硝酸盐转运蛋白(NRT)完成的，过程如图所示。

下列叙述错误的是( )A. NO₃⁻通过NRT 进入烟草细胞和H⁺运出烟草细胞的方式相同B. 在一定范围内，烟草细胞吸收NO₃⁻的速率与膜内外H⁺浓度梯度呈正相关C. NRT 可以同时运输NO₃⁻和H⁺，因此其不具有特异性D.中耕松土可以促进烟草对NO ₃⁻的吸收，提高烟草的产量5.游泳时人体在水中耗能增多，呼吸运动加强，肺泡呼吸表面积扩大，肺泡壁上开放的毛细血管数量增加，从而加快肺泡内气体的扩散速度，有利于提高血氧含量，从而提高组织对氧的利用率。

2023届天津市南开中学高三第五次月考生物试题(解析版)

2023届天津市南开中学高三第五次月考生物试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．下列对图示有关实验的说法中正确的是A．用菠菜做色素提取与分离实验，含量最高的是甲图中色素带①B．若乙图表示正在发生质壁分离的植物细胞，其吸水能力逐渐减弱C．丙图中培养酵母菌的锥形瓶应封口放置一段时间，目的是让酵母菌繁殖D．丁图表示洋葱根尖的培养，洋葱底部必须接触到烧杯内液面【答案】D【分析】分析图甲：色素带①到①依次是胡萝卜素、叶黄素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b。

分析图乙：该细胞中细胞壁与原生质层已经分开，可能处于质壁分离状态，也可能处于质壁分离的复原状态或动态平衡状态。

分析图丙：图中酵母菌进行的是无氧呼吸，产物是酒精和二氧化碳。

分析图丁：表示洋葱根尖的培养，洋葱底部要接触到烧杯内液面，以便供给植物水分，利于根尖的生长。

【详解】A、秋天用黄色菠菜叶做色素提取与分离实验，含量最高的是甲图中色素带①，如果用绿色的叶片，色素含量最高的是甲图中色素带①，A错误；B、若乙图表示正在发生质壁分离的植物细胞，细胞内溶液浓度逐渐增大，其吸水能力逐渐增强，B错误；C、丙图中培养酵母菌的锥形瓶应封口放置一段时间，目的是消耗瓶中的氧气，保证酵母菌后面进行的是无氧呼吸，C错误；D、丁图表示洋葱根尖的培养，洋葱底部必须接触到烧杯内液面，这样才能保证水分的供应，D正确。

故选D。

2．微管是构成细胞骨架的重要组分，参与细胞内物质运输、细胞迁移、极性建立和形态维持等多种生命活动。

细胞中的微管具有多种多样的形态和结构，如下图所示，下列与微管有关的说法正确的是（）A．中心体和纺锤体等都是由微管参与构成的B．由纤维素构成的微丝微管是细胞骨架的重要结构C．通过药物抑制微管的形成使有丝分裂停止在后期D．微管和内质网分别相当于囊泡运输的高速公路和交通枢纽【答案】A【分析】微管是构成细胞骨架的重要组分，参与细胞内物质运输﹑细胞迁移、极性建立和形态维持等多种生命活动。

2019高考化学难点剖析专题47电解池中阴阳极的判断练习

专题47 电解池中阴阳极的判断1．（2018届黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）如下图所示装置图，下列叙述不正确的是A． X 与滤纸接触处的铜丝发生反应Cu-2e-=Cu2+B．碳棒表面逐渐生成红色物质C．若隔膜左侧溶液中始终只有一种溶质，则A离子不能是Cu2+D．若滤纸与Y接触处变红，则B溶液可以是AgNO3溶液【答案】D2．（2018届百校联盟TOP20四月联考全国一卷）一种以可再生物质资源为原料的微生物电化学装置MEC 的工作原理如图所示(电极均为情性电极)，下列叙述正确的是（）A．电极b表面发生氧化反应B．电极a应与电源的负极相连C． MEC左右两极室均为有氧环境D．利用MEC制氢气，当消耗1m ol葡萄糖时，理论上可产生12mol氢气【答案】D【解析】A、根据示意图，b极发生2H＋＋2e－=H2↑，根据电解原理，即b极为阴极，电极b表面发生还原反应，故A错误；B、根据A选项，分析，故B错误；C、根据示意图，左右两室均为厌氧环境，故C错误；D、根据得失电子数目守恒，有1×6×4=n(H2)×2，解得n(H2)=12mol，故D正确。

3．（2018届天津市部分区高三质量调查试卷一）工业上常用隔膜电解法将乙醛转化为乙醇和乙酸来处理高浓度乙醛废水。

探究性学习小组用如图所示装置电解一定浓度的乙醛-Na2SO4溶液，模拟乙醛废水的处理过程。

下列说法正确的是A． a 为直流电源的负极B．阳极的电极反应为:CH3CHO-2e-+H2O=CH3COOH+2H+C．电解过程中，阴极区的pH逐渐减小D．理论上阳极区处理废水的能力是阴极区的两倍【答案】B4．（2018届福建省厦门市双十中学高三第八次能力考试）日前正在研发的两种由电化学制取氨的装置如图1和图2所示：下列说法正确的是A．工作时，O2-向X 极移动，H+向Z极移动B．两个电解池的电解总反应方程式完全相同C．两个电解池生成相同量NH3时，电路中流过电子的物质的量相同D．随着反应的进行,两种电解池中电解质不断减少，需及时补充电解质【答案】C5．（2018年重庆普通高等学校招生全国统一考试4月调研测试）SO2是主要大气污染物之一，工业上可用如下装置吸收转化SO2(A、B为惰性电极)。

天津市南开中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考物理试题含答案

高三年级阶段性统一练习（二）物理科目（答案在最后）2022年11月本练习分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共100分，时长60分钟。

第I卷（选择题）一、单选题（每题5分，共25分）1.如图所示，木块B与水平桌面间的接触是光滑的，子弹A沿水平方向射入木块后留在其中，将弹簧压缩到最短。

若将子弹、木块和弹簧合在一起作为系统，则此系统在从子弹开始射入木块到弹簀被压缩至最短的整个过程中（）A.动量不守恒，机械能不守恒B.动量守恒，机械能不守恒C.动量不守恒，机械能守恒D.动量守恒，机械能守恒2.如图所示，平行板电容器与电动势为E'的直流电源（内阻不计）连接，下极板接地，静电计所带电荷量很少，可被忽略。

一带负电的油滴被固定于电容器中的P点。

现将平行板电容器的.上极板竖直向下平移一小段距离，则下列说法正确的是（）A.平行板电容器的电容将变小B.静电计指针张角变小C.带电油滴的电势能减少D.若将上极板与电源断开后再将下极板左移一小段距离，则油滴所受电场力不变3.三个带电粒子从同一点O，以相同的初速度v射入一电场中，在某段时间内的运动轨迹如图虚线所示，其中a粒子刚好做圆周运动。

图中实线为电场线，不计粒子重力，则下列有关粒子在该段时间内的运动以及相关说法正确的是（）A.粒子a带负电，c带正电B.c粒子运动过程中电势能增加C.运动过程中，b、c两粒子的速度均增大D.运动过程中，a粒子的加速度和动能均不变4.如图所示质量为m、电荷量为q的带电小球A用绝缘细线悬挂于O点，带有电荷量也为q的小球B固定在O点正下方绝缘柱上，其中O点与小球A的间距为l. O点与小球B3l，当小球A平衡时，悬线与竖直方向夹角30θ=︒，带电小球A、B均可视为点电荷，静电力常量为k，则（）'A.A、B间库仑力大小222kqFl= B.A、B间库仑力大小33mgF=C.细线拉力大小223TkqFl= D.细线拉力大小3TF mg5.如图所示，质量均为m的木块A和B用一劲度系数为k的轻弹簧相连，竖直放置在光滑的水平面上，木块A 上放有质量为2m的木块C，三者均处于静止状态，现将木块C迅速移开，若重力加速度为g。

2022-2023学年天津市南开中学高三(上)期中数学试卷+答案解析(附后)

2022-2023学年天津市南开中学高三（上）期中数学试卷1. 设集合，，，则( )A. B. C. D.2.已知，则“”是“”的( )A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件3. 已知一组数据的频率分布直方图如图所示，则数据的中位数估计值为( )A. 64B. 65C.D. 664. 函数图像大致为( )A. B.C. D.5. 三个数，，之间的大小关系是( )A. B. C. D.6. 已知曲线在点处的切线的倾斜角为，则( )A. B. C. D. 17. 将函数的图象先向右平移个单位长度，再把所得函数图象上每一个点的横坐标变为原来的2倍，纵坐标不变，得到函数的图象，则的值为( )A. B. C. D.8.已知是等差数列的前n项和，公差，，若，，成等比数列，则的最小值为( )A. B. 2 C. D.9. 设函数若方程有四个不同的实根，，，，则的取值范围是；若方程有四个不同的实根，，，，则的取值范围是；若方程有四个不同的实根，则a的取值范围是；方程的不同实根的个数只能是1，2，3，四个结论中，正确的结论个数为( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 410. 已知复数，则______.11. 展开式中的常数项是______用数字作答12.已知各项都为正的等差数列中，若，，，成等比数列，则______.13. 甲箱中有5个红球，2个白球和3个黑球，乙箱中有4个红球，3个白球和3个黑球球除颜色外，大小质地均相同先从甲箱中随机取出一球放入乙箱，分别以，和表示由甲箱中取出的球是红球，白球和黑球的事件；再从乙箱中随机取出一球，以B表示由乙箱中取出的球是红球的事件，则______.14. 若正数a，b满足，则的最小值为______.15. 如图，在梯形ABCD中，且，E为BC的中点，AC与DE交于若，则的余弦值为______.16. 在中，角A，B，C的对边分别为a，b，c，且求B；如图，若D为外一点，且，，，，求并求17. 如图，在四棱锥中，底面ABCD，，，，，点E为棱PC的中点．证明：；求直线BE与平面PBD所成角的正弦值；若F为棱PC上一点，满足，求平面FAB与平面ABP夹角的余弦值．18. 已知等差数列为递增数列，为数列的前n项和，，求的通项公式；若数列满足，求的前n项和19.记是公差不为0的等差数列的前n项和，已知，，数列满足，且求的通项公式，并证明数列是等比数列；若数列满足，求的前n项和的最大值、最小值．求证：对于任意正整数n，20. 已知函数若，求的单调区间和极值；若、为的两个不同的极值点，且，求a的取值范围；对于任意实数，不等式恒成立，求b的取值范围．答案和解析1.【答案】B【解析】解：集合，，，，故选：先求出，由此能求出本题主要考查了交集、补集的求法，解题时要认真审题，注意交集、补集定义的合理运用，属于基础题．2.【答案】B【解析】解：解不等式可得：，因为，所以“”是“”的必要不充分条件，故选：先解出不等式的解集，然后根据集合的包含关系以及充分，必要条件的定义即可判断求解．本题考查了充分，必要条件的定义，属于基础题．3.【答案】B【解析】解：因为，所以中位数位于之间，设中位数为x，则，解得，即中位数为故选：首先判断中位数位于之间，设中位数为x，依题意可得，，解得x即可．本题主要考查频率分布直方图，属于基础题．4.【答案】B【解析】解：，则，即是奇函数，排除A，当，，排除D，当时，，排除C，故选：先化简，判断函数的奇偶性和对称性，利用极限思想进行判断即可．本题主要考查函数图象的识别和判断，利用函数的奇偶性和对称性，利用极限数学进行判断是解决本题的关键，是基础题．5.【答案】C【解析】解：，，，，，，，故选：利用对数函数和指数函数的性质求解．本题考查三个数的大小的求法，是基础题，解题时要认真审题，注意对数函数和指数函数的性质的合理运用．6.【答案】C【解析】解：曲线，，当时，，即，，故选：先求出导函数，进而求得倾斜角的正切值，再结合二倍角公式即可求得结论．本题主要考查导数知识的应用，以及二倍角公式的应用，考查计算能力，属于基础题．7.【答案】C【解析】解：函数的图象先向右平移个单位长度，得，再把所得函数图象上每一个点的横坐标变为原来的2倍，纵坐标不变，得函数，故故选：先根据图象的变换规律求出的解析式，然后计算即可．本题考查利用三角函数图象的变换规律求解析式，以及正弦函数值的计算，属于基础题．8.【答案】A【解析】解：由，，成等比数列，得，即，解得，，则令，则且，由函数在上为减函数，在上为增函数，当时，，则的最小值为故选：由已知列式求得公差，得到等差数列的通项公式与前n项和，代入，再由数列的函数特性求最小值．本题考查等差数列的通项公式与前n项和，考查数列的函数特性，是中档题．9.【答案】B【解析】解：对于：作出的图像如下：若方程有四个不同的实根，，，，则，不妨设，则，是方程的两个不等的实数根，，是方程的两个不等的实数根，所以，，所以，所以，，所以的取值范围是，故正确；对于：由上可知，，，且，所以，所以，，所以，所以，故错误；对于：方程的实数根的个数，即为函数与的交点个数，因为恒过坐标原点，当时，有3个交点，当时最多2个交点，所以，当与相切时，设切点为，即，所以，解得，所以，所以当与相切时，即时，此时有4个交点，若有4个实数根，即有4个交点，当时由图可知只有3个交点，当时，令，，则，则当时，，即单调递增，当时，，即单调递减，所以当时，函数取得极大值即最大值，，又及对数函数与一次函数的增长趋势可知，当x无限大时，即在和内各有一个零点，即有5个实数根，故错误；对于：，所以，所以或，由图可知，当时，的交点个数为2，当，0时，的交点个数为3，当时，的交点个数为4，当时，的交点个数为1，所以若时，则，交点的个数为个，若时，则，交点的个数为3个，若，则，交点有个，若且时，则且，交点有个，若，交点有1个，综上所述，交点可能有1，2，3，6个，即方程不同实数根1，2，3，6，故正确；故选：作出的图像，利用函数与方程之间的关系，分析问题，即可得出答案．本题考查函数零点问题，属于中档题．10.【答案】【解析】解：复数，故答案为：利用复数的乘除法运用，即可得出结论．本题考查复数的乘除法运用，考查学生的计算能力，比较基础．11.【答案】【解析】解：由展开式的通项公式可得：当时，即时，该项为常数项，即展开式中的常数项是，故答案为：由展开式的通项公式可得：当时，该项为常数项，然后求解即可．本题考查了二项式定理的应用，重点考查了二项式展开式的通项公式，属基础题．12.【答案】19【解析】解：在各项都为正的等差数列中，设等差数列的公差为d，且，，，，成等比数列，，即，将代入整理得，解得或不合题意，舍去，，，故答案为：由题意设等差数列的公差为d，可得，整理得，求解即可得出答案．本题考查等差数列和等比数列的综合，考查转化思想和方程思想，考查逻辑推理能力和运算能力，属于中档题．13.【答案】【解析】解：根据题意，事件发生且B事件发生的概率为，事件发生且B事件发生的概率为，事件发生且B事件发生的概率为，故故答案为：分析事件B所有的可能性，结合已知条件，计算即可．本题主要考查条件概率公式，属于基础题．14.【答案】16【解析】解：正数a，b满足，则有，则有，，即有，则有，当且仅当即有，又，即有，，取得最小值，且为故答案为：由条件可得，，且，代入所求式子，再由基本不等式，即可得到最小值，注意等号成立的条件．本题考查基本不等式的运用：求最值，考查化简变形的能力，属于中档题和易错题．15.【答案】【解析】解设，，则，，，，又，，即，，，，，则，即，，，，，故答案为：由向量共线，找出，与，的数量关系，再由三角形法则，把，用，表示，由已知，，利用向量数量积的定义，求出夹角余弦值．本题考查向量的数量积的应用，考查向量的表示以及几何计算，考查计算能力．属于中档题．16.【答案】解：在中，，，可得，，，，为外一点，且，，，，连接BD，，，，所以，在中，，【解析】利用两角和与差的三角函数，结合正弦定理，三角形内角和定理化简已知等式，转化可求B的值．由，可求并求本题主要考查了正弦定理，两角和的正弦函数公式，三角形内角和定理，余弦定理，三角函数恒等变换的应用以及正弦函数的图象和性质在解三角形中的应用，考查了转化思想和数形结合思想，属于中档题．17.【答案】依题意，以点A为原点建立空间直角坐标系如图，可得，，，，由点E为棱PC的中点，得证明：向量，，故解：向量，设为平面PBD的法向量，则，即，不妨令，可得为平面PBD的一个法向量．于是有，直线BE与平面PBD所成角的正弦值为解：，由点F在棱PC上，故，由，得，解得，即设为平面ABF的法向量，则，即，不妨令，可得为平面ABF的一个法向量．取平面PAB的法向量，则易知二面角是锐角，其余弦值为【解析】可以建立空间直角坐标系，利用向量数量积来证明；向量法：先求平面PBD的法向量，然后利用公式求直线BE与平面PBD所成角的正弦值；向量法：先求平面ABF和平面PBA的法向量，再利用公式来求二面角的余弦值．本题主要考查异面直线垂直的证明，线面角的相关计算，面面角的计算，空间向量及其应用等知识，属于中等题．18.【答案】解：设等差数列的公差为，由，得，又，得，解得或，当时，，舍去，当时，，，所以，所以；，所以，则，两式相减得，所以【解析】设等差数列的公差为，根据题意可得，则，进一步根据即可求出与的值，从而利用可求出首项与公差d，最后利用进行求解即可．易知，从而利用错位相减求和法即可求出本题考查等差数列的性质、通项公式，错位相减求和法，考查学生逻辑推理与运算求解的能力，属于中档题．19.【答案】证明：设数列的公差为d，因为，，所以，，解得，所以的通项公式为，由，两边同时除以得，，整理得，故数列是公比为的等比数列．解：，设数列的前n项和为，当n为偶数时，……，随着n增大，也增大，所以的最小值为；当n为奇数时，…，随着n增大，减小，所以的最大值为，综上，的前n项和的最大值为，最小值为证明：因为，所以，由可得，数列是首项为，公比为的等比数列，所以，即，所以，所以……，得证．【解析】根据等差数列的通项公式与前n项和公式可求得数列的公差d，从而得的通项公式；在两边同时除以，再移项整理，利用等比数列的定义，得证；裂项可得，再分n为偶数和n为奇数两种情况，分别求得的前n项和，并结合数列的单调性，得解；易知数列是首项为，公比为的等比数列，从而求得的通项公式，再结合放缩法，得解．本题主要考查数列的求和，熟练掌握等差数列的通项公式与前n项和公式，裂项求和法，放缩法，数列的单调性是解题的关键，考查转化思想，逻辑推理能力和运算能力，属于难题．20.【答案】解：由已知得，，令得或1，或，，故的单调减区间为，单调增区间为，，的极小值为，极大值为；，若、为的两个不同的极值点，则，是，即的两不等实根，即，，且，而，结合，上式可化为，即，因为，故，所以，得即为所求；由恒成立得：恒成立，，令，，，当时，，令得，故时，，时，，故在上单调递增，在上单调递减，故，故要使原式恒成立，只需即可，故所求b的范围是【解析】按照求导数，令导数为0，并判断导数的零点两侧的符号，确定单调区间和极值点；先将原式化简为①，结合、为的两个不同的极值点，即的两个互异实根，结合韦达定理代入①式，解关于a的不等式即可；将原不等式化简，分离b得到在上恒成立，将右边看成一个关于a的新函数，求其最大值即可．本题考查利用导数研究函数的单调性、极值以及最值，从而解决不等式恒成立问题的基本思路，同时考查了学生的逻辑推理、数学运算等核心素养，属于较难的题目．。

天津市南开中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考语文试题(含答案)

天津市南开中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考语文试题2024年10月本试卷分第Ⅰ卷.(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共150 分，时长150分钟。

第Ⅰ卷 (共33分)一、(33分)阅读下面一段文字，完成1-3小题8名“共和国勋章”建议人选和28名“国家荣誉称号”建议人选，( )，生命里盛装着对人民的无限忠诚。

从“两弹一星”核潜艇等国之重器，到杂交水稻，青蒿素等重大突破，造福世人；从防沙治沙，脱贫攻坚，到巡边护边、为国戍海，正因为他们的无私付出，竭诚报国，我们的国防才更加稳固有力，生活更加安定有序，经济社会发展更加。

他们为党，国家和人民的事业做出了的贡献。

一个人爱国，不仅在精神层面形成高尚与卑劣，伟大与渺小的分界，也往往在意义层面引致人生价值，社会贡献的分野。

历史告诉我们，无论是赤胆忠心献身国防事业，还是全心全意为民生福祉打拼，或是鞠躬尽瘁致力于重大科技创新，在国家大事，民族大义、时代需要面前，爱国情感总能出强烈的责任感、旺盛的战斗力、执着的事业心，指引一个人建树卓著功勋。

1.依次在文中横线处填上词语，全都恰当的一项是 ( )A. 横空出世方兴未艾不可磨灭焕发B. 一鸣惊人方兴未艾不可企及生发C. 一鸣惊人欣欣向荣不可企及焕发D. 横空出世欣欣向荣不可磨灭生发2.文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是 ( )A.一个人爱国，不仅在精神层面形成高尚与卑劣，伟大与渺小的分界，而且往往在意义层面引起人生价值，社会贡献的分野。

B.一个人爱国与否，不仅在精神层面形成高尚与卑劣，伟大与渺小的分界，而且往往在意义层面引起人生价值，社会贡献的分野。

C.一个人爱国与否，不仅在意义层面引起人生价值，社会贡献产生分野，而且往往在精神层面形成高尚与卑劣，伟大与渺小的分界。

D.一个人爱国与否，不仅在精神层面形成高尚与卑劣，伟大与渺小的分界，而且在意义层面往往引起人生价值，社会贡献的分野。

3.下列填入文中括号内的语句，衔接最恰当的一项是 ( )A. 心中洋溢着对祖国的深沉大爱，是他们的一个共同特征B. 都有一个共同特征，就是他们把深沉大爱献给祖国C. 都有一个共同特征，就在于他们心中洋溢着对祖国的深沉大爱D. 祖国在他们心中具有无可比拟的地位阅读下面的文字，完成4-6题。