220kv输电线路的防雷设计与措施毕业设计说明书

说明书

设计题目：220kv输电线路的防雷设计与措施专业年级：电气工程及其自动化2011级

学号：

姓名：

指导教师、职称：

年月日

目录

1引言............................................................ - 1 - 2雷电形成和放电原理.............................................. - 2 -

2.1雷电形成和放电原理........................................ - 2 -

2.2雷暴日和雷暴小时.......................................... - 3 -

2.3落雷密度.................................................. - 3 - 3雷电过电压分类及其原理.......................................... - 5 -

3.1感应过电压原理............................................ - 5 -

3.1.1雷击线路附近大地时线路上的感应过电压............ - 5 -

3.1.2雷击线路杆塔时，导线上的感应过电压.................. - 6 -

3.2直击雷过电压原理.......................................... - 7 -

3.2.1雷击杆塔时的反击过电压.............................. - 7 -

3.2.2雷击避雷线.......................................... - 8 -

3.2.3雷绕击导线.......................................... - 9 - 4输电线路的耐雷水平和雷击跳闸率................................. - 10 -

4.1输电线路的耐雷水平....................................... - 10 -

4.1.1雷击杆塔时的耐雷水平............................... - 10 -

4.1.2绕击时的耐雷水平................................... - 10 -

4.2输电线路的雷击跳闸率..................................... - 12 -

4.2.1建弧率............................................. - 12 -

4.2.2有避雷线线路雷击跳闸率的计算....................... - 13 - 5常见防雷措施................................................... - 15 - 6针对220kV输电线路选择的防雷措施............................... - 17 -

6.1避雷线的设计............................................. - 17 -

6.2绝缘配合与防雷接地....................................... - 18 -

6.3设计举例................................................. - 18 - 7结束语......................................................... - 21 - 参考文献 ........................................................ - 22 - 致谢 ............................................................ - 23 -

中文摘要

雷电是大气层中的云层的放电现象，有着巨大的声响和耀眼的光芒。雷电对人类有着很大的影响，尤其是在进入电气时代的人类社会，雷电的出现常常会对科技产品造成影响和损伤。其特征有高电流、高电压、变化快、放电时间短、辐射强等。

论文通过分析雷电原理，探讨其参数数据，并且给出相应的防雷措施，更直观地服务于生活。本课题采用引用，分析，举例等方法。论文分为三个部分，首先对雷电形成原理和放电机理，雷电过电压分类及其原理进行分析，用参数数据更加直观地进行阐述。其次简介一些防雷措施。最后，利用数据针对220kv输电线路选择性的给出防雷措施。

关键词：雷电，电气线路，避雷方法

Abstract

Lightning has a great impact on human beings.since human society entering the era of electricity,the apperence of lightning often do damage to technology products.There are some characteristivs for lightning, such as high-current, high-voltage, quick-changing, short time discharging, strong radiation and so on.

This thesis discusses the parameter datas of lightning through analyzing the principles of lightning. The main research methods of this thesis will be exposition, quotations, analysis, practice as well as examples. For a start, the thesis synthetically expounds the principles of why lightning will come out and its discharge mechanism, then analyzes the classification and principles of lightning overvoltages, after that, through the principles to discover the parameter datas for describing it more directly. In the second part, the author presents a brief introduction to the measures of lightning-protection. Finally, the author tries to design and give the measures of lightning-protection to 220kv transmission line.

Key words :Lightning; Electrical wiring;Lightning Methods.