2011.09阅读理解(1)

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2011年高考英语阅读理解答案全解

2011年高考英语阅读理解答案全解湖北卷AHonesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. Of course, this didn‘t include her when she told me that if I didn‘t eat all my vegetables Father Christmas could find out and wouldn‘t give me any presents.But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential. Or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics (老年病科), Mr. McMahon was brought in when his belly was found very swollen. I took a medical history from his daughter who‘d accompanied him in the ambulance. She‘d been his main carer for years. I stood looking at him as she gave a detailed history. ―Has he lost any weight recently?‖ I asked, ―Well, it‘s funny you should mention that, but yes,‖she said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. ―Why? What are you worried about?‖ she asked. I hesitated. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told her the truth. ―Well, we need to prove it‘s not cancer,‖ I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: ―Mr. McMahon‘s daughter broke down —she said you told her he had cancer.‖ My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of rests and that it was by no means confirmed that he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. ―Why on earth did you do that?‖she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. ―She asked me what I was worried about and I told her.‖ I said, hanging my head. ―And give her more to worry about?‖ replied my consultant. ―You don‘t say the word ‗cancer‘ until it‘s confirmed. Even if you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people.‖As it turned out, it wasn‘t cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they‘re sometimes selective in what they hear —and as a doctor it‘s important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I‘d made the situation worse.51．The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that the author ________.A. misunderstood the doctor-patient relationshipB. was anxious to receive Christmas giftsC. regarded honesty as the best policyD. had an unhealthy eating habit 52．The author‘s consultant was angry with him because ________.A. he told the daughter what he suspectedB. he delayed running the necessary testsC. he failed to confirm the patient‘s diseaseD. he forgot what the consultant hadadvised53．The author hung his head (the underlined part in Para. 4) because he was feeling ________.A. guiltyB. hurtC. disappointedD. helpless54．What lesson has the author learnt from his experience？A. Learning from parents is necessary.B. Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous.C. Telling the truth may not always be the best solution.D. Selecting pleasant words may not be the perfect policy.BHowling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack. As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There are different explanations of a wolf‘s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It‘s almost as if howling together help the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behaviour.Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus, and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be ―punished‖ for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? —Why do wolves howl for sure?What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.Howling, interesting, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of ―roll call‖ where wolves all howl together to report their presence.55．What is the possible similarity between wolves‘ howling together and human‘s singing in chorus?A. The act of calling each other.B. The sense of accomplishment.C. The act of hunting for something.D. The sense of belonging to a group.56．Why does Harrington think the ―social bond‖ theory may be wrong?A. Wolves separate from each other after howling.B. Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.C. Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.D. Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.57．Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to ________.A. show their ranksB. find their companionsC. report the missing onesD. express their loneliness58．―Howling…is a contagious behaviour‖ (in the last paragraph) means ________.A. howling is a signal for huntingB. howling is a way of communicationC. howling often occurs in the morningD. howling spread from one to anotherCIn today‘s throw-away society, dealing with the city‘s growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council (市议会).Recently, Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of (处理) about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner —largely through encouraging recycling —its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.The European Union (EU) has issued a new policy, regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of. The five councils (Edinburgh, east Lothian, West Lothian, Midlothian and Borders) face fines around £18 million a year from 2013 if they don‘t increase recycling levelsand rely less on landfill. With this in mind the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂) to burn half of the waste produced in their districts. But this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the city‘s waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.After the plan was abandoned, a private company which already transported millions of tons of the city‘s waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar, offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello.Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015, it seemd necessary for the members of the Edinburg Council to accept the suggestion. But soon they turned it down —after 700 local objections reached them —because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.That still leaves the council with a problem. By 2013, only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill. Even if recycling targets are met, there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up. Due to this, Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator pant as time to find a solution is fast running out.59．The main way handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.A. recyclingB. restoringC. buryingD. burning60．The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ________.A. reduce the cost of burying wasteB. meet the EU requirementsC. speed up waste recyclingD. replace landfill sites61．The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because ________.A. it came from a private companyB. the council was not interested in itC. it was not supported by EUD. the local people were against it62．What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian councils?A. To open a new landfill nearby.B. To close the Powderhall landfill in2015C. To set up a plant for burning waste.D. To persuade people to reduce theirwaste.DFeeling blue about the world? ―Cheer up,‖ says science writer Matt Ridley. ―The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.‖Ridley calls himself a rational optimist —rational, because he‘s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he‘s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Here‘s how he explains his views.1) Shopping fuels inventionIt is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we‘ll be.2) Brilliant advancesOne reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before isthat the four most basic human needs —food, clothing, fuel and shelter —have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour‘s light cost six hour‘s work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes‘ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it‘s half second.3) Let‘s not kill ourselves for climate changeMitigating (减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village where the use of fossil-fuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well-meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet (止血带) around our necks63．What is the theme of Ridley‘s most recent book?A. Weakness of human nature.B. Concern about climate change.C. Importance of practical thinking.D. Optimism about human progress.64．How does Ridley look at shopping?A. It encourages the creation of things.B. It results in shortage of goods.C. It demands more fossil fuels.D. It causes a poverty problem.65．The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.A. oil lamps give off more light than candlesB. shortening working time brings about a happier lifeC. advanced technology helps to produce better candlesD. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods66．What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.B. overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.C. People‘s health is closely related to climate change.D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.EWhich are your more likely to have with you at any given moment —your cell-phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electronic scanner.In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores. This is the first pay-by-phone practice in the U.S., but we‘re likely to see more wireless payment alternatives as something called near field communication (NFC) gets into America‘s consumer electronics. Last December, some new smart phones which contain an NFC chip were introduced to the public.Already in use in parts of Asia and Europe, NFC allows shoppers to wave their phones a few inches above a payment terminal —a contact-free system built for speed and convenience. But before NFC becomes widely adopted in the U.S., a few problems need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable transaction (交易) fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave-and-pay systems that use NFC-enabled credit cards, cellphone service providers may try to muscle their way into the point-of-sale (POS) market. Three big cellphone service providers have formed a joint venture (合资企业) that will go into operation over the next 15 months. Its goal is ―to lead the U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile phones.‖The other big NFC issue, apart from how payments will be processed, is security. For instance, what‘s to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? ―We‘re still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against you in a crowd and steal all the money out of yourphone.‖ says Jimmy Shah, a mobile-security researcher. ―Users may also be able to set transaction limits, perhaps requiring a password to be entered for larger purchases.‖Still uneasy about this digital-wallet business? Keep in mind that if you lose your smart phone, it can be located on a map and remotely disabled. Plus, your phone can be password protected. Your wallet isn‘t.67．What is predicted to happen in the U.S.?A. the expansion of cellphone companies.B. The boom of pay-by-phone business.C. The disappearance of credit cards.D. The increase of Starbucks sales.68．The NFC technology can be used to ________.A. ensure the safety of shoppersB. collect transaction fees easilyC. make purchase faster and simplerD. improve the quality of cellphones69．Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to ________.A. strengthen their relationshipB. get a share in the payments industryC. sell more cellphonesD. test the NFC technology70．According to the passage, what can users do if they lose their smart phone?A. Stop the functioning of their phones.B. Set up a password.C. Get all the money out of their phones.D. Cancel large purchases.答案解析：51．解析：推理判断题。

2011年阅读理解真题语篇译文

2011年text1 外部董事的职责，P1.西蒙斯于2000年一月加入Goldman公司董事会，成为一名外部董事，一年后他成为布朗大学的校长。

此后几十年的时间里，她很明显扮演着两个角色，但并未引起多少责难。

但是在2009年底，西蒙斯女士却由于担任Goldman薪酬委员会委员受到抨击；他怎可能让角奖金得以发放又引起人们的注意呢？到第二年二月，西蒙斯便离开Goldman公司董事会，她说该职位占用了她太多的时间。

P2. 外部董事在企业董事会中扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问角色，由于他们在别处已经创造了自己的财富和声誉，所以他们很可能有足够的独立性否定总裁的建议。

如果公司经营状况不佳，股价下跌外部董事应该根据自己以往应对危机的经验提出建议。

俄亥俄大学的研究者们建立了一个数据库，该数据库囊括了1989年至200年间的一万多家公司和64000多位不同的董事。

后来他们又专门审核了哪些外部董事连任了两届，离开董事会最可能的原因是年龄，所以研究者们关注的焦点是那些不到70岁却很离奇消失的外部董事们。

他们发现在外部董事意外离开后，公司不得不重申盈利的可能性上升了20%。

在联邦法院所受理的集体起诉案件中被涉及的可能性也会增加，并且公司在股市的表现也会更糟。

大公司受到的影响往往会更大。

尽管外部董事的离职与随后企业业绩下滑之间的相互关系让人难免揣测，但这并不意味着外部董事们总是在公司为难之时弃之不顾。

他们往往喜欢“做大生意”，离开风险更高的小公司转而投身规模更大更为稳定的大企业。

但是研究人员相信，如果外部董事在坏消息传出前就离开公司，他们会更轻易避免声誉受损，虽然历史记录显示，在公司出现问题时，外部董事仍在董事会，那些想在艰难时期挽留住外部董事的公司一定要采取激励措施，否则外部董事们就会步西蒙斯女士的后尘，再一次在校园里受到欢迎。

2011年Text2美国报业的重生，针对报业的衰亡究竟发生了些什么？一年前报业衰亡似乎就在眼前。

2011考研英语阅读翻译(正文+选项)

2011 Text 12009年纽约交响乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert担任下一任音乐指挥，这是自从突然宣布他的任命以来古典派音乐界一直谈论的话题。

大体上说，这种反应至少可以说是称赞性的。

连严肃认真的古典音乐评论家Anthony Tommasini 也写道，“很好哇！终于有结果啦！”然而，这次任命出人意料的原因之一是Gilbert相对来说，知名度不大。

甚至连在《时代》周刊上支持对Gilbert任命的Tommasini都把他称作为“一位不张扬的音乐家，他没有音乐指挥家那种令人生畏的傲气”。

作为对至今一直由Mahler和Pierre这样的音乐家指挥过的乐队的下一任音乐指挥的描述，上述说法似乎很可能使得至少一些《时代》的读者认为是一种菲薄的赞扬。

至于我，我不知道Gilbert是否是一位很棒的指挥家或者甚至是一位优秀的指挥家。

确实，他指挥了许多感人肺腑的、引人入胜的乐曲。

而我就不必访问Avery Fisher Hall，或者到任何其他地方去听令人感兴趣的管弦乐。

我要做的一切就是去我的CD架处，或打开我的计算机并从iTunes下载更多的录制的音乐。

那些听音乐会的发烧友回答说，录音音乐无法替代实况表演，但他们说错了。

就热爱艺术的公众的时间、精力和财力而论，古典乐器演奏家们必须不仅与歌剧院、舞蹈文工团、戏剧公司和博物馆竞争，而且与20世纪的伟大古典音乐家的录音表演竞争。

这些录音唱片廉价、随处可以买到，而且常常在艺术质量上比当今的实况表演高得多；此外，听者可以在任意选择的时间和地点来“消费享受”这些音乐唱片。

而且到处都能买到，因而造成了传统古典音乐会的体制危机。

一个可能的应对办法是，古典音乐表演家去设计有魅力的新的音乐，而这种音乐还没有被录制成唱片，所以买不到。

Gilbert 自己对新音乐的兴趣一直得到大家广泛的注意：古典音乐评论家Alex Ross认为他是一位能夠把纽约交响乐团转变成“一个明显不同的、更有生气的组织”。

2011年考研英语阅读经典试题及答案（1）

The intensive work of materials scientists and solid-state physicists has given rise to a class of solids known as amorphous metallic alloys or glassy metals. There is a growing interest among theoretical and applied researchers alike in the structural properties of these materials. When a molten metal or metallic alloy is cooled to a solid, a crystalline structure is formed that depends on the particular alloy composition. In contrast, molten nonmetallic glass-forming materials when cooled do not assume a crystalline structure, but instead retain a structure somewhat like that of the liquid — an amorphous structure. At room temperature the natural long-term tendency for both types of materials is to assume the crystalline structure. The difference between the two is in the kinetics or rate of formation of the crystalline structure which is controlled by factors such as the nature of the chemical bonding and the ease with which atoms move relative to each other. Thus, in metals, the kinetics favors rapid formation of a crystallines structure whereas in nonmetallic glasses the rate of formation is so slow that almost any cooling rate is sufficient to result in an amorphous structure. For glassy metals to be formed, the molten metal must be cooled extremely rapidly so that crystallization is suppressed. The structure of glassy metals is thought to be similar to that of liquid metals. One of the first attempts to model the structure of a liquid was that by the late J. D. Bernal of the University of London, who packed hard spheres into a rubber vessel in such a way as to obtain the maximum possible density. The resulting dense, random-packed structure was the basis for many attempts to model the structure of glassy metals. Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agree fairly well with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid such as alloys of palladium and silicon or alloys consisting of iron phosphors, and carbon, although small discrepancies remained. One difference between real alloys and the hard spheres area in Bernal models is that the components of an alloy have different size, so that models based on two sizes of spheres are more appropriate for a binary alloy for example. The smaller metalloid atoms of the alloys might fit into holes in the dense random-packed structure of the larger metal atoms. One of the most promising properties of glassy metals is their high strength combined with high malleability. In usual materials, one finds an inverse relation between the two properties, whereas for many practical applications simultaneous presence of both properties is desirable. One residual obstacle to practical applications that is likely to be overcome is the fact that glassy metals will crystallize at relatively low temperatures when heated slightly. 1. The author is primarily concerned with discussing [A] crystalline solids and their behavior at different temperatures. [B] molten materials and the kinetics of the formation of their crystalline structure. [C] glassy metals and their structural characteristics. [D] metallic alloys and problems in determining their density. 2. The author’s attitude toward the prospects for the economic utilization of glassy metals is one of [A] disinterest. [B] impatience. [C] optimism. [D] apprehension. 3. According to the text, which of the following determines the crystalline structure of a metallic alloy? [A] At what rate the molten alloy is cooled. [B] How rapid the rate of formation of the crystalline phase is. [C] How the different-sized atoms fit into a dense random-packed structure. [D] What the alloy consists of and in what ratios. 4. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure of liquid metals and the structure of glassy metals, as it is presented in the text? [A] The latter is an illustrative example of the former. [B] The latter is a large-scale version of the former. [C] The former is a structural elaboration of the latter. [D] The former is a fair approximation of the latter. 5. It can be inferred from the text that, theoretically, molten nonmetallic glasses assume a crystalline structure rather than an amorphous structure only if they are cooled [A] very evenly, regardless of the rate. [B] rapidly, followed by gentle heating. [C] very slowly. [D] to room temperature. [答案与考点解析] 1. 【答案】C 【考点解析】本题是⼀道中⼼主旨题。

2011年全国高考英语阅读真题A详解

2011年全国高考英语阅读真题A详解When milk arrived on the doorstepWhen I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I cou ldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer 自动换币器fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note-“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”-and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn’t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊). Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.56. Mr. Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer ________.A. to show his magical powerB. to pay for the deliveryC. to satisfy his curiosityD. to please his mother57. What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy’s house?A. He wanted to have tea there.B. He was a respectable person.C. He was treated as a family member.D. He was fully trusted by the family.58. Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?A. Nobody wants to be a milkman now.B. It has been driven out of the market.C. Its service is getting poor.D. It is forbidden by law.59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days.B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He missed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物故事类的记叙文。

2011年高考真题分类复习——专题十七实用类文本阅读

专题十七实用类文本阅读1．(2011年高考课标全国卷)阅读下面的文字，完成(1)～(4)题。

下笔不觉师造化黄宾虹一生绘画艺术的大进展，多发生在他隐居的时期。

这并不是纯粹的巧合，无需应酬杂务的宁静生活可以让他深思内省，促使画作和自然风景、隐居生活进一步契合。

池阳湖画风之变是一次突变，源自他对江湖水光天色的写生，也来自他蓄积已久的思考，还来自苦涩现实对他心灵的影响。

其弟子王伯敏多年后还难忘他老师的教诲：“读书的人，要甘于寂寞。

寂寞能安定，定则心静，静则心清，清则心明，明则明白一切事理。

作画，墨是黑的，只要眼明心清，便能悟出知白守黑的道理，画便猛进。

”1929年的一件盛事是教育部在上海举办的第一届全国美术展览，南北国画家都参加。

此时在上海美专任教的黄宾虹参加了展出工作，并发表了评介文章《美展国画谈》。

文章提倡士大夫的逸品画格，以为不必求悦于人，人不知而不愠，才是真画者；还以为当时沪上流行的一种是细谨、工于涂泽的媚人习气，另一种是自矜才气、沦于放诞的欺入画风，以浮滑为潇洒、以轻软为秀润，真画者反不合时宜。

他希望画者能坚持避俗趋雅的操守，力求华滋浑厚的画风，不要因一时俗世弃取而改变。

黄宾虹一向以为书画同源，所以称作画为“写画”。

他以为上古时代书画不分，如伏羲画八卦，仓颉造字的一种主要方式就是象形，中国最早的文字中已有横线、纵线、弧线等线条形式；汉以后虽分书画，但仍是道归于一，三代以上笔法可从甲骨、古玉、铜器中求之。

他在1929年编辑的《宾虹草堂古印谱》里曾谈到古印上的籀篆文字：点画的肥瘦方圆奇正各不同，有助于绘画笔法；而结构的疏密、参差离合、抑扬顿挫、回环往复，更可见章法布置之妙。

所以，他作画时要置备金石拓本在案头。

他由古玺印这种上古金石实物、临近原始的艺术形式中悟出笔法要旨，认识到书法、文字、金石、绘画都是同一来源，即来源于自然山水，从而找到回归造化之路。

黄宾虹常提到古代书法家从观察自然中有所领悟，如在雨后看车行泥沼，车轮在泥中转动犹如笔被纸墨所滞却仍圆转，不疾不徐、不粘不脱，由此笔法大进。

2011高考语文散文阅读试题答案及解析

2011高考散文阅读试题及答案解析（一）阅读下面的文字，完成14-17题针挑土芳菲从湘西回来，和朋友们说起黑妮；说起在凤凰的偶遇，说起跟她去苗寨跑了一天，看她做的种种事，感慨的很；说想起一句记不全的俗语，“什么什么像针挑土，什么什么像水推沙“，黑妮就是在针挑土；黑妮！黑妮……一说起黑妮，脑子里一边浮现她朴素清瘦的样子，不知为什么有隐隐的心疼。

凤凰是她的故乡，但和我们这些外人在一起，倒是她有几分害羞腼腆。

黑妮如今工作、居住在意大利，做湘西扶贫工作的时间不短了。

最初是一帮一地助学，先后帮了几十个孩子。

前些年申请到一笔经费，设计了“湘援游”这个项目。

如今每年都会回来几趟，带来游人，带来捐款；关键是，耐心地、口苦婆心地，教苗族妇女如何保存她们优美的刺绣艺术。

“负责任的旅游，听黑妮说，这一旅游概念正在欧洲兴起，它强调旅行者对目的地生存和文化的责任，在旅游资费中，捐出一部分作为扶持当地可持续发展的基金。

黑妮就在其中做穿针引线的工作。

她在大山里找出苗族传统文化仍保持良好的村寨，从房屋构造、村寨形态、人伦礼仪……最后落实到妇女们的苗绣——这是可以直接带来经济效益的活计。

传统苗绣缤纷五彩，灵动有情，但如今在慢慢地退化、消失，机器绣品在泛滥。

黑妮，就要跟她们一遍遍地讲，什么事好，什么是不好，不要跟着外面转，要相信你们的祖母和母亲，看着眼前的山水，怀着美好的心愿，做自己创造性的苗绣。

那天，我们上午去的是老家寨，一路颠簸，开了一个多小时，我已经在揪着心开始晕车了。

最后步行20分钟进寨。

在山间步行其实是美好的，暖暖的冬阳，弯弯曲曲镶嵌在田野中的蛮石路，清新的空气，收割干净的田野……老家寨的妇女已得黑妮要来，身着节日服装的她们已经聚集等候，先用快乐的迎客歌在院子里欢迎，然后进屋拿出各自的绣品，等黑妮来评判。

看样子情况不乐观。

黑妮没有面露喜色，也没有愠色。

她还是那么一字一句、认真地批评她们：“这个不好，一看就是跟机器学的。

”“这个线不好，要用棉线。

2011年高考阅读理解分析指导(含试题)

2011年高考阅读理解分析指导考点一主旨大意题在高考阅读理解中，主题概括类试题的考查占有十分重要的位置。

掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也是《英语课程标准》和《考试说明》对考生的基本要求之一。

只有通过阅读掌握了文章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。

主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。

根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考察的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。

它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。

选择“主题”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。

常见的提问方式有：1. What is the main / general idea of this text?2. What is mainly discussed in this passage?3. What is the text mainly about?4. This text mainly tells us ________.5. This passage mainly deals with _________.6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________.选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。

通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。

常见的提问方式有：1. What would be the best title for the text?2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text?3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________.4. The topic of this passage is _________.不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。

2011-2009专四阅读详解

TEXT A1 We have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warning? The world economy? No, thedecline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who‟s responsible?Actually, it‟s more like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with it —Facebook, Twitter (微博). You can write your own list.The first paragraph the author puts forward a question and provides an answer. Internet is responsible for the decline of reading. The topic:Background knowledge：Facebook，twitter 脸谱网，推特网，类似微博2 There‟s been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. 91 Inthe 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate adj. 受过教育的；精通文学的than ever before —there are more and more readers, and more and more books.imminent danger （法）迫在眉睫的危险imminent threat 紧迫的威胁；逼近的威胁spell our inevitable doom引来灭顶之灾81. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?A. Paragraph One.B. Paragraph Two.C. Paragraph Three.D. Paragraph Four.3 The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we shouldworry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example.Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more 82B environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.82. The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPTA. multimodal content.B. environmental friendliness.C. convenience for readers.D. imaginative design.electronic commerce 电子商务electronic equipment 电子设备electronic product 电子产品；电子设备制造业electronic industry 电子工业e-book reader电子阅读器Almost every other e-reader supports this open standard, but Amazon has balked, preferring to push its own format - which, of course, no other e-book reader can utilize.几乎所有其它的电子阅读器都支持这种开放的标准，但是亚马逊却将其拒之门外，因为亚马逊更喜欢自己的格式，当然，此举是为了其他的电子阅读器不能使用他自己的格式。

2011.09(第2部分)阅读理解(1)(翻译版)

Passage 1Mr. Young ran his own business and worked very hard. His wife was afraid that he would get sick if he continued like that, so she often tried to get him to take a vacation. At last she managed to persuade him to do so, and she hoped that he would be able to enjoy his vacation without any disturbance, so before they left, Mrs. Young went to see her husband's secretary. She said to her, "My husband needs a vacation very much, so whatever happens, please don't bother him with telegrams and letters about business problems while we are away. Just wait till we get back."After Mr. and Mrs. Young had been away about a week, Mr. Young received a letter from his secretary which said, "Something terrible happened to your business, but I'm not going to bother you with it while you are enjoying your vacation."杨先生经营自己生意和工作很辛苦，他的妻子怕他这样继续下去会生病，所以她常常劝说他去度一次假。

2011年各地高考语文阅读试题及答案解析1

2011年各地高考语文阅读试题及答案解析1（全国新课标卷）一、现代文阅读(9分，第小题3分)阅读下面的文字，完成l～3题。

《诗经》原来是诗，不是“经”，这在咱们今天是很准确的。

但在封建社会里，诗三百篇却被尊为“经“，统治阶段拿它来做封建教化的工具。

从西周初期到春秋中叶，诗三百篇是一种配乐演唱的乐歌。

这些乐歌一方面用于祭祀、宴会和各种典礼，当作仪式的一部分或娱乐宾主的节目。

另一方面则用于政治、外交及其他社会生活，当作表情达意的工具，其作用和平常的语言差不多，当然它更加曲折动人。

例如周代有一种“献诗陈志”的做法，当一些人看到国君或者同僚做了什么好事或坏事，就做一首诗献给他们，达到颂美或者讽谏的目的。

还有人由于个人遭受冤屈或不幸，也往往通过诗来发泄和申诉。

应该说明，“献诗陈志”是要通过乐工的演唱来献给君上或同僚的，所以卿士“献诗”总和“簪献曲”或者“瞍赋”、“矇诵”并提。

在人民群众的生活里，诗歌也常用于表情达意，例如《诗经·邶风·新台》和《诗经·秦风·黄鸟》等，都是针对具体的现实问题而发的。

古代史传中还有一些不在三百篇之内的“徒歌”，例如《左传·宣公二年》记载宋国将军华元被郑国人提了去，后来逃回来，人民讥笑这位败军之将，做了一个歌儿对他唱。

这样的歌，从性质上说和“献诗陈志”没有什么分别。

不过士大夫献诗，是特地做了乐工唱的；庶人的作品则先是在社会上流传，给采访诗歌的人收集去了，才配上乐曲，达到统治阶段的耳中。

在外交宴会等场合，宾主各方往往通过“赋诗”来表达愿望和态度。

“赋诗”时点出现成的诗篇，叫乐工们演唱，通过诗歌的问答，了解彼此的立场，这就叫“赋诗言志”。

这种“赋诗”往往不管原作本身的内容和意义，仅仅是把赋诗者的观点和愿望寄托在诗中某几句之上，来作比喻和暗示，所以是一种典型的断章取义。

《左传·襄公二十六年》记晋侯为了卫国一个叛臣的缘故，把卫侯羁押起来，齐侯和郑伯到晋国去说情，郑国的子晨就赋《诗经·郑风·将仲子》一诗。

2011年高考语文阅读练习及答案

2011年高考语文阅读练习及答案2011年高考语文阅读练习一、阅读下面的文字，完成11~14题小山村小山村，树绿，水清；开门见山，山路弯弯；早有小鸟啁啾，晚有山雾缭绕。

虽然远离都会，缺乏城里的物质文明，可那儿的人却也一代代地繁衍了下来。

小山村有一个卫生室，卫生室的主人是个中年汉子，叫什么来着，这并不重要，重要的是他那手绝技，那是从祖上传下来的，到了他，已是第四代了。

医生的拿手技术是治疗各种疼痛，几代人都有着极好的口碑，为人解痛，不图不取，一家人始终住在那座低矮小瓦房里。

不过小瓦房也没什么不好，小村人也全都是住这种小瓦房的。

卫生室也附设了内科、外科、儿科、妇科，这样一来，小小的卫生室就门庭若市了。

不管怎样，医生总是有条不紊地工作，他在门口设个排队处，那排队方式竟也独特，每人一块瓦片，或方形或长形或不规则形，上面也用瓦片写着一个号。

瓦片作笔，瓦片作纸，开具的号码倒也清晰可辨。

每次进来一个人，只要你拿出瓦片，那号码是不会错的，依次不乱。

来的都是本村本乡的，再急也得排队，除非别人主动让你，否则还真不好意思往前插队。

医生的瓦片，成了小山村的次序规则，换到其他场合，人多了，村人也就提议，用瓦片，那就是排队了。

这方法挺好，这些年坚持下来，没有争执，没有矛盾，小村人一团和气，日出而作，日落而息，饿肚吃饭，病痛抓药，没有些丝的紊乱。

时代在发展。

到了近年，小山村也通了公路。

这天来了辆小轿车，贼黑贼黑的，一直开到了卫生室门口。

车里下来一个年轻人，再转到右边的门，扶出另外一个人。

被扶的是个上了年纪的男人，看他一手支着腰胯，一定是痛得不轻。

医生正在给村人看病。

门外集着一堆手拿瓦片的村人。

来人自然没有瓦片。

坐在最外边的黎三朝那小车看了一眼，是来看病的吗？是啊，不来看病跑这来干什么？是的，不看病来这干什么！说得平常，可村人都不大喜欢这种大大咧咧的样子。

黎三随手递给他一块瓦片。

他却不要，挤到前面，先是掏出烟，顺手抽出一根，塞到医生嘴上，随手打着火机递过去，不由你不抽。

2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案

2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版）2011-01-1621-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], , [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。

2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。

退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。

如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician wi th no air of the formidable conductor about him。

2011年全国高考小说阅读试题详解

2011年全国高考小说阅读试题详解一、阅读下面的文字，完成1—4题。

(25分)（辽宁卷）怪人 [乌拉圭]比亚纳①]这是给牲口烙印的日子。

早晨的阳光倾泻下来，照得人们头昏眼花。

在用横木和立柱造的宽大畜栏里，一群小牛犊踢打着蹄子，眼里冒着火光，在弥漫的尘烟中急得团团打转。

从那激怒的神色看，这样被囚禁在里头，它们再也不能忍受了。

畜栏外面，准备套牲口前蹄的人排成两行，中间留一条通道。

他们手握绳索，睁大眼睛，等待小牛出栏。

在畜栏的门旁，巨大的火堆熊熊燃烧，火焰冲天。

突然，套牲口的人拖出一头小牛来。

当它走到场地上的时候，加乌乔②们发出一阵吼叫，吓得它发疯似的埋头奔跑起来。

十几条套索在空中发着咝咝声，凶猛的小牛咆哮了一声，扑通倒在地上。

勇士们一拥而上，把它捆缚起来，按在了地上。

“烙!”一个人叫道。

打烙印的人从火堆那儿跑了过来。

火红的烙铁烙得小牛毛皮发着吱吱的声响，冒出一股白烟，发出一股臭味。

然后，小牛被解下绳索，身上流着血，疼痛而悲哀地跑开了。

加乌乔们却又说又笑地走向火堆，去享受他们套捉牲口的奖赏——畅饮那杯美酒去了。

这种粗野而危险的活计，是加乌乔们最大的乐趣，他们从内心里感到高兴。

但是在这一片欢乐的气氛中，只有马乌罗与众不同。

他身体高大、粗壮，有点驼背，脑袋硕大，头发蓬乱，脸上最引人注目的特征是那个大鼻子：鼻梁高高地突起，在浓密的头发村托下，就像是乱糟糟的黑色胡椒树丛中间的一座小石山。

别人交谈的时候，他嘟哝；别人大笑的时候，他吼叫。

“烙!这回该你了!”伙伴们着急地冲马乌罗喊道。

他气呼呼地回答：“来了，哼!我又不是火车!”转回来的时候，他嘟嘟囔囔，推搡着人群往前走，或给狗一脚，或给一个男童头上一掌，什么借口他都找得到的。

“这帮懒鬼!你们不知道给人让路吗?”“你们给这个怪物让路!”有人这样应答。

马鸟罗头也不回，粗言恶语地骂他一句，全是难听的字眼儿。

老头儿马乌罗的为人一向如此：脾气暴躁，态度冷淡，出言不逊，像青榅桲一样苦酸。

2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析（Text1）

2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析（Text1）2011考研英语阅读理解真题及解析(Text 1)Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。

别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。

"好啊，终于好了!" Anthony Tommasini 写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.但是，这个任命之所以一起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。

2011.09(1)交际英语

第一部分交际英语（2011年09月网考）包含2011年版新大纲的9套模拟题，45个标成红色的题目，重点复习。

此部分单词简单，情景对话，多温习几次，容易突击消化.考试5题15分，尽量拿满分.33、--Unbelievable! I have failed the driving test again!-- . This is not the end of the world.A. Good luck B Cheer up C Go ahead D No problem34、--Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the post office?-- .A. Don’t ask that B Sorry, I’m a stranger hereC No, I can't say thatD No, you’re driving too fast35、--Could you help me with my physics, please?-- .A. No, no way B No, I couldn’tC No, I can’tD Sorry I can’t. I have to go to a meeting right nowKey: BCBBD36.--Now let’s move on to another topic. Can you follow me?-- . Professor.A. No, I am not B Yes, I will C No, I haven’t D Yes, perfectly37.--Can I have a look at your letter, please?-- .A. Excuse me, you can’t B I’m afraid you can’tC I can’t agree with youD Yes, thank you38.—Haven’t seen you for ages! What are you busy doing now?-- .A. I have the weather here B My hair is getting a bit longerC Yeah, thanks for comingD I am working part time in a bookshop, you know39.—How do you do? Glad to meet you.-- .A. Fine. How are you? B How do you do? Glad to meet you, too.C How are you? Thank you!D Nice. How are you?40.—Susan is absent from today’s writing class.-- ? As far as I know, she has never missed a class.A. How come B So what C Why D What forKey: DBDBA41．--I think he is a good lecturer.--A Sorry, it doesn’t matter.B So do I.C Yes. It’s a good idea.D I don’t mind.42.—What do you think of the song?-- .A It sounds sweetB I like music very muchC I don’t know the titleD It was a pleasure43.—Who’s that speaking?/ Who’s speaking?--This is Tom .A speaksB spokenC speakingD saying44.—How are you feeling?--Much better. .A Thanks for coming to see meB You look greatC You are so kindD Don’t me ntion it45.—How are you, Bob?-- , Ted.A How are you?B I’m fine. Thank you.C How do you do?D Nice to meet you. Key: BACAB46、-How is your mother these days?-Oh____________.A. She is good.B. She is not very well.C. Never mind.D. Tha t’s all right.47、-Let’s go to a movie after work, OK?-__________.A. Not at all.B. Why not?C. Never mind.D. Who is it?48、-Paul,________?-Oh, that’s my father! And beside him, my mother.A. what is the person over there.B. who’s talking over there.C. what are they doing.D. which is that.49、-How often do you go dancing?-_______.A.I will go dancing tomorrow.B. Yesterday.C. Every other day.D. I’ve been dancing for a year.50、-Hello, may I talk to the director now?-__________.A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment.B. No, you can’t.C. Sorry, you can’t.D.I don’t know.Key: BBBCA51、--Why not join us in the game?--__________.A.OK! I’m comingB. No, you do the sameC. Oh, that’s all rightD. Don’t mention it52、-Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the British Museum?-Sorry, I’m a stranger here.-___________.A. Thanks, anywayB. It does n’t matterC. Never mindD. No problem53、--I’m sorry. I lost the key.--__________.A. Well, it’s OKB. No, it’s all rightC. You are welcomeD. You are wrong54、--_________?--He teaches physics in a school.A. what does your father want to doB. who is your fatherC. what is your fatherD. where is your father now55、-How was your trip to London, Jane?-_________.A. Oh, wonderful indeedB.I went there aloneC. The guide showed me the wayD. By plane and by busKey: AAACA。

2011年高考实用社科类阅读解析

2011年高考全国各地语文试题分类解析--实用社科类阅读1（上海卷）（一）阅读下文，完成1-6题。

（18分）家园城市①如何建设人类美好家园，是城市建设中一个迫在眉睫的重要问题，城市建设不仅是指建造物质环境，而且是指营造人们的精神家园，后者是城市文化建设的核心。

②相对于西方发达国家，我们城市化起步较晚，但从20世纪80年代改革开放开始，城市化进程加快，发展迅速，伴随着我国城市化建设的飞速发展，相应的问题也产生了。

这些问题概括起来主要是两个：一是城市的雷同，二是文化的缺失。

两者又有着直接的关系，也就是说，城市的雷同是因为文化的缺失，而文化的缺失又表现为城市的雷同。

③近年来，人们对高品质城市的追求越来越迫切，出现了建设山水城市、生态城市、绿色城市、健康城市、家园城市等多种呼声。

其中家园城市最具代表性，这是□□家园城市涵容了其他几种城市类型的物质性特点，□□突出了对以文化为基础的、把城市打造成人们精神家园的理想追求。

④家园城市必须具有充足的公共活动空间。

城市的各种文化、教育、休闲、娱乐设施应满足各方面的需要，所以，设计者在注重学校、博物馆、图书馆、运动场等大型公共设施建设的同时，还应注意提高方便舒适、有亲切感的小尺度公共空间，如社区和街道的小公园、小广场、咖啡馆、茶馆等，以便于人与人之间的交流。

现代城市发达的通讯网络方便了人们远距离即时交流，但这种单一的联络方式，无法慰藉人们孤独的心灵，也不能满足人们面对面“全信息交往”的渴求。

所以必须创造人与人能够近距离直接交流的公共空间和娱乐休闲场所，以增加人们当面交流的机会，减少城市人的心灵疾病。

⑤一个家园城市，应该做到布局合理，恰当处理建筑的虚与实之间的关系。

然而，我国今天的城市被高楼大厦的钢筋水泥和玻璃幕墙“填满”了，建筑与建筑之间缺乏有想象力的、开阔的空间，人们走在路上，会感到非常压抑和无助。

一个家园城市应当使生活于其中的居民得到精神上的放松和愉悦，心灵安逸，而不是压抑与紧张。

2011-2009专四阅读详解

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第二部分阅读理解(1)（2011年09月网考）阅读的第一题2011年改为5个正误判断题，相对来说难度降低，投机几率提高，考前一天会在更新群内确定本部分范围，一般在20篇左右，建议强记，确保阅读的30分不丢。

解题思路：正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。

一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。

比较直接，难度相对较小。

做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。

Passage 1Long, long ago there was a very foolish thief. Do you know what he did one day? When he wanted to steal the bell on his neighbour's door, he walked up to the door, took hold of the bell and pulled hard. The bell made a very loud noise. The thief was afraid and went home.Then he sat down to think, "I must do something about the noise," he said. He thought and thought. At last he had an idea. "Ah, I'll put some cotton in my ears. Then I won't be able to hear the noise." The next day he went to the door of his neighbour, and took hold of the bell. This time he pulled even harder. The bell rang loudly, but the thief did not hear anything. With another hard pull he got the bell out. Just then the neighbour came running out."Steal my bell? I'll teach you a lesson," the angry man shouted. And he hit the thief on the nose.The foolish thief did not know how the neighbour found out he was stealing the bell. "Why did he come out just then?" he wondered.1 The thief was trying to get his neighbour's doorbell.A. TB. F2. The thief put some cotton in his ears so as not to hear anything.A. TB. F3. The neighbour ran out probably because he knew his doorbell was being stolen.A. TB. F4. The neighbour hit the thief to punish him for stealing.A. TB. F5. The thief thought the neighbour couldn't hear the noise of the bell.A. TB. FKEY：AAAAAPassage 2Miss Grey lived in a small house. She was old and did not like noise at all, so she was very pleased when her noisy neighbor moved out. A young man moved in and Miss Grey thought the man seemed to be quiet.But at three o’clock the next morning, the noise of a dog woke her up. She thought she had never heard a dog there before. It must be the young man’s dog. So she telephoned the young man, said something bad about the dog and then hung up the telephone before he could answer. Nothing m ore happened until three o’clock the next morning. Then Miss Grey’s telephone rang, and when she answered, a voice said, “You telephoned me twenty-four hours ago. Now I’ve rung you up to say that I haven’t a dog.”1. Miss Grey felt sorry when her noisy neighbour moved out.A. TB. F2. Miss Grey’s new neighbour was as noisy as the old one.A. TB. F3. Some noise woke her up in the early morning.A. TB. F4. She thought the new neighbour had brought a dog with him.A. TB. F5. The young man rang up Miss Grey in the early morning, because he wanted to punish her.A. TB. FKEY：BBAAAPassage 3Yesterday evening, when I went to town with my mother, we met a strange old man. It was raining hard and we had no umbrella. We were trying to get into a taxi when he came up to us. He was carrying a nice umbrella and he said that he would give it to us for only a pound. He had forgotten his wallet, he said, needed taxi-fareto go back home. My mother didn’t believe what he had said at first, and asked him a lot of questions. But the old man didn’t get into a taxi. We followed him and found he went into a pub and bought himself a glass of whiskey with the pound. After he drank it, he put on his hat and took up one of the many wet umbrellas there and went off with the new one. Soon after that, he sold it again.1. The old man sold an umbrella to the writer and her mother.A. TB. F2. He gave it to them for only a pound because he had forgotten his wallet and needed taxi fare to go back home.A. TB. F3. The umbrella was worth more than one pound.A. TB. F4. The old man sold his own umbrella.A. TB. F5. He was an honest man.A. TB. FKEY：ABABBPassage 4December 25th is Christmas Day. In most countries it is the most important day in the year. All the people come back to their homes to have the day with their parents or their children. On Christmas Day bells ring everywhere. The ringing bells tell people Christmas is coming. People sing and dance day and night. They have a good time.Most families buy a Christmas tree for their children. And there are some presents hanging from the tree here and there. People also put presents in child ren’s stockings. In many places, Father Christmas himself brings presents to them. He is a kind man and in red clothes. There is a big bag on his back. In it there are a lot of presents.Christmas is also a day when people enjoy all kinds of food. But some poor people have no homes and have on food to eat. They die of cold and hunger(饥饿)on Christmas Day.1. Christmas is a very important day in some countries in a year.A. TB. F2. Many people have a good time on Christmas Day.A. TB. F3. Father Christmas wears red clothes.A. TB. F4. There are a lot of Christmas trees in Father Christmas’bag.A. TB. F5. Some poor people die on Christmas Day because they have no homes and noA. TB. FKEY：BAABAPassage 5Once upon a time there was a great Greek hero, Hercules. He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen. On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he held a bow (弓). He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures.Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens (歌女). But no one knew where the garden was.So Hercules went away. He walked the whole day and the next day and the next. He walked for months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning. One of the mountains was in the shape of a man, with long, long legs and arms and huge shoulders and a huge head. He was holding up the sky. Hercules knew it was Atlas, the Mountain God. So he asked him for help.Atlas answered, "My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you?"Hercules climbed the mountain and shouldered the sky. Soon the sky grew very heavy. When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples, he said, "Well, you are going to carry the mountain for ever. I'm going to see the king with the apples." Hercules knew that he couldn't fight him because of the sky on his back, So he shouted:"Just one minute's help. My shoulders are hurting, Hold the sky for a minute while I make a cushion (垫子) for my shoulders."Atlas believed him. He threw down the apples and held up the sky.Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king.1. Hercules was the tallest man in the world.A. TB. F2. Hercules was given many difficult tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him.A. TB. F3. Atlas was the giant who held up the sky.A. TB. F4. Atlas got the golden apples for Hercules because he wanted to be the king himself.A. TB. F5. Hercules finally managed to get the apples by defeating Atlas.A. TB. FKEY：AAABBPassage 6“Get up, the water is coming.” Yan Xinzhi, director of the neighborhood committee of Chaoyang Street, Taiyuan, capital of Shanxi Province, would knock at the door of every household at midnight to have people collect water; otherwise, the tap water would soon run dry when everyone in the city got up and joined the “water rush” in the morning. Yan, an elderly lady about 60, had served as committee director for more than 20 years; her major work was to rouse her neighbors from their sleep to get water. As time went by, residents could not go to sleep before one o’clock in the morning.Chaoyang Street was not the only street in Taiyuan that lacked water, and Taiyuan was not the only city in China with water in short supply.Niu Maosheng, Minister of Water Resources, told China Today that more than 300 cities nationwide lack water; in 108 cities the situation has become critical. The annual deficit of water has reached 6 billion cubic meters, leading to a loss of RMB 200 billion (approximately US $24 billion) in industrial output.1. As neighborhood committee director, the major part of Yan Xinzhi’s job was to wake up her neighbors at midnight to get water.A. TB. F2. The passage reveals that all the cities in China suffer from water shortage.A. TB. F3. The passage is written by a water expert.A. TB. F4. The lack of water has lead to a loss of US $24 billion in industrial output.A. TB. F5. Xi’an is another ci ty with water in short supply.A. TB. FKEY：ABBABPassage 7People who cannot tell all colors apart are said to be color blind. Most color-blind people can see yellow and blues, but confuse reds with greens. It is very rare for a person to be blind to all colors, but they may see everything in shades of black, white, and gray.It is interesting to note that many color-blind people don’t even realize that they arecolor-blind. They don’t know that the colors they are seeing and naming are not the actual colors that people with normal vision can see. This can be particularly dangerous when a color-blind person confuses the red and green of a traffic light.Color blindness is thought to be inherited (遗传). And although doctors have thought up tests to determine（测定）color blindness, there is no cure to treatment for it.1. A color-blind person can tell correctly red and green.A. TB. F2. Many color-blind people are unaware (没意识到) that they are color-blind.A. TB. F3. It’s especially dangerous for a color-blind person to cross a street when there are no traffic lights at the cross of the streets.A. TB. F4. A person who is color-blind is not allowed to drive.A. TB. F5. Up to now, doctors have found a way to free a person from his color blindness.A. TB. FKEY：BABBB。