2021考研复习南京大学外国语学院263日语2001-2010考研真题及详解-推荐
2010南京大学研究生入学考试德语试题
南京大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题Ⅰ.在A、B、C三个选项中选出一个正确的答案。
(每题1分,共20分)1.Können Sie es noch einmal wiederholen? Ich ____ das nicht.A. weißB. versteheC. kenne2.____ der Fisch Ihnen gut ____?A. Haben, geschmecktB. Haben, gegessenC.Hat, geschmeckt3.Frau Meyer ermahnt ihren Mann, er ____ vorsichtig farhren.A. kannB. darfC. soll4.Der Film ist frei für Jugendliche ab 16 Jahren. Hier bedeutet "frei"___.A. verfügbarB. kostenlosC. zugelassen5.Er kam immer erst, ____ du weg warst.A. alsB. wannC. wenn6.Was machen wir denn mit dem V ertrag? -Ihr müßt einen Rechtsanwalt um ____ bitten.A. V orschlagB. RatC. Idee7.In der Bundesrepublik gibt es fast 30 Millionen Fahrzeuge, ____sind 23 Millionen private Autos.A. dabeiB. darinC. davon8.Herr Moser? Kenn ich ihn? - Du ___ihn ja kennen. Er war letztes Jahr als Gastprofessor hier.A. sollstB. kannstC. musst9.Ich zerbrach mir den Kopf, ________________A. aber ich fand keine Lösung.B. als ich von der Treppe abrutschte.C. weil ich mich nicht für die Theorie interessierte.10.Die Firma zog nach Berlin um. Ihr Bürohaus in Hamburg hat darum verkauft ______.A. worden zu sein.B. zu müssen.C. werden müssen11.Wie alt ist deine Schwester? Ist sie noch klein?--Ja, sie ist __ acht.A. nurB. schonC. erst12.Die Frauen kämpfen heute üerall um ihre ____.A. GleichheitB. GleichberechtigungC. Gleichung13.Also um 6 Uhr? --______Ihnen das?A. PaßtB. GebtC. Kommt14. __________ hört ihr V orträge? --Dreimal in der Woche.A. Wie langeB. Wie oftC. Wie viele15.Sein guter Ruf ging weit _____ die Grenzen des Landes hinaus.A. durchB. überC. an16.Ich habe es satt. Ich _________________.A. kann nicht mehr essenB. habe keinen Hunger mehrC. will nichts mehr hören17.Fasse dich kurzl ____________.A. Das Kleid passt dirB. Du wirst nicht dick werdenC. Ich will auch telefonieren18.In welchem Jahr begann der 2. Weltkrieg?A. An 1939B. Im Jahr 1939C. In 193919.Achtung!Einsturzgefahr! Bitte nicht betreten! Das ist ________.A.eine DrohungB.eine WarnungC.eine Mitteilung20.Der Unfall war wirklich nur deine Schuld! --Ja, du hast recht, Ich hätte nicht so schnell farhen _______.A.könnenB. sollenC. müssenⅡ.阅读理解(共36分)。
[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
[ 考研类试卷 ]2010 年南京大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷一、名词解释0 For the definition given in each item in questions 11 to 15, find a matching word in the specified paragraph. The number given after each definition indicates the paragraph in which the word appears.(1x5)1pretension to knowledge not possessed(2)2adjustment(3)3appearing periodically(4)4display of narrow-minded learning(7)5bodies invisible to the naked eye(13)二、阅读理解6THE STUDY OF MANIrving S. Lee1The study of man—even, the scientific study—is ancient and respectable. It goes back to Aristotle, to Hippocrates, and beyond them to obscure beginnings. Today, it is one of the chief studies of the learned. Like our other activities, it may be divided into two parts, the successful part and the unsuccessful part. Speaking very generally and with due regard to numerous and important exceptions, it may be said that the successful part of the scientific study of man is related to medicine, the unsuccessful part to philosophy and to the social sciences. These relations are not only historical, they are also to be seen in methods, attitudes, and traditions.2The successes of medicine and the medical sciences have not been lightly won; from a multitude of failures, they are the survivals and the fortunate productions of tile best or the most-favored men among an endless succession of skillful physicians though pedantry, incompetency, and charlatanry have often hindered and, in evil times, even arrested the accumulations of medical science for long periods, since Hippocrates, at least, the tradition of skillful practice has never been quite lost the tradition that combines theory and practice. This tradition is, especially in three elements,indispensable.3Hippocrates teaches, first, hard, persistent, intelligent, responsible, unremitting labor in the sickroom, not in the library;the all-roundadaptation of the doctor to his task, anadaptation that is far from being merely intellectual. This is adaptation chiefly through the establishment of conditioned reflexes. Something like it seems to be a necessary part of the mastery of any material or of effective work in any medium.4Hippocrates teaches, secondly, accurate observation of things and events; selection, guided by judgment born of familiarity, of the salient and the recurrent phenomena; and their classification and methodical exploitation.5Hippocrates teaches, thirdly, the judicious construction of a theor—y not a philosophical theory, nor a grand effort of the imagination, nor a quas—i religious dogma, but a modest pedestrian affair, or perhaps I had better say, a useful walking stick to help on the way.6All this may be summed up thus: The physician must have, first, intimate habitual intuitive familiarity with things; secondly, a systematic knowledge of things; and thirdly, an effective way of thinking about things.7Experience shows that this is the way to success. It has long been followed in studying sickness, but hardly at all in studying the other experiences of daily life. Let us, therefore, consider more carefully what Hippocrates did and what he did not do. He was in reaction chiefly against three things: firstly, against the ancient, traditional myths and superstitions which still prevailed among the physicians of his day; secondly, against the recent intrusion of philosophy into medical doctrine; thirdly, against the extravagant system of diagnoses of the Cnidian School, a body of contemporary physicians who seem to have suffered from a familiar form of professional pedantry. Here, Hippocrates was opposing the pretentious systematization of knowledge that lacked solid, objective foundation—the concealment of ignorance, probably more or less unconsciously, with a show of knowledge. Note well that such concealment is rarely altogether dishonest and may be practised in thorough good faith.8The social sciences today suffer from defects that are not unlike the defects of medicine to which Hippocrates was opposed. Firstly, social and political myths are everywhere current, and if they involve forms of superstition that are less apparent to us than the medical superstitions of long ago, that may well be because we recognize the latter class of superstitions for what they are while still accepting or half accepting the former class. Secondly, there is at least as much philosophy mingled with our current social science as there was at any time in the medical doctrines ofthe Greeks. Thirdly, a great part of the social science of today consists of elaborate speculation on an insufficient foundation of fact.9Hippocrates endeavored to avoid myths and traditional rules, the grand search for philosophical truth, the authority of philosophical beliefs, the concealment of ignorance with a show of systematic knowledge. He was concerned, first of all not to conceal his own ignorance from himself.10Experience shows that there are two kinds of human behavior which it is ordinarily convenient and often essential to distinguish.11One is the thinking, talking, and writing, by those who are so familiar with relevant concrete experiences that they cannot ordinarily forget the facts, about two kinds of subjects. These are;firstly, concrete observation—s observations and experiences which are representable by means of sharply defined or otherwise unambiguous words; and secondly, more general considerations, dearly and logically related to such concrete observations and experiences.12The other kind of behavior is thinking, talking, and writing about vague or general ideas or "concepts" which do not clearly relate to concrete observations and experiences and which are not designated by sharply defined words.13In the social sciences, special methods and special skills are few. It is hard to think of anything that corresponds to a mathematician's skill in performing mathematical operations or to a bacteriologist's skill in cultivating microorganisms or to a clinician's skill in making physical examinations.14Classificatory, descriptive knowledge, which is so conspicuous in the medical sciences and in natural history and which has proved so essential to the development of such sciences, is relatively lacking in the social sciences. Moreover, there is no common accord among social scientists concerning the classes and subclasses of the things they study, and there is even much disagreement about nomenclature.15The theories of the social sciences seem to be in a curious state. One body of theory, that of economies is highly developed, has been cast in mathematical form, and has reached a stage that is thought to be in some respects definitive. This theory, like those of the natural sciences, is the result of the concerted efforts of a great number of investigators and has evolved in a manner altogether similar to the evolution of certain theories in the natural sciences. But it is hardly applicable to concrete reality.16The reasons why economic theory is so difficult to apply to concrete events are that it is an abstraction from an immensely complex reality and that reasoning from theory to practice is here, nearly always vitiated by "thefallacy of misplaced concreteness. " Such application suggests the analogy of applying Galileo's law of falling bodies to the motion of a falling leaf in a stiff breeze. Experience teaches that under such circumstances it is altogether unsafe to take more than a single step in deductive reasoning without verifying the conclusions by observation or experiment. Nevertheless, many economists, some cautiously and others less cautiously are in the habit of expressing opinions deduced from theoretical considerations concerning economic practice. There is here a striking contrast with medicine, where it is almost unknown for a theorist inexperienced in practice to prescribe the treatment of a patient.17In other fields of social science, theories are generally not held in common by all investigators, but, as in philosophical systems, tend to be sectarian beliefs. This is true even in psychology where the conflicts of physiological psychologists, behaviorists. Gestaltists, and others sometimes almost suggest theological controversy.18On the whole, it seems fair to say that the social sciences in general are not cultivated by persons possessing intuitive familiarity; highly developed, systematic, descriptive knowledge; and the kind of theories that are to be found in the natural sciences.19There is not a little system-building in the social sciences but, with the striking exception of economic theory, it is of the philosophical type rather than of the scientific type, being chiefly concerned in its structural elements with words rather than with things, or in old fashioned parlance, with noumena, rather than with phenomena.20A further difference between most system-building in the social sciences and systems of thought and classification of the natural sciences is to be seen in their evolution. In the natural sciences, both theories and descriptive systems grow by adaptation to the increasing knowledge and experience of the scientists. In the social sciences, systems often issue fully formed from the mind of one man. Then they may be much discussed if they attract attention, but progressive adaptive modification as a result of the concerted efforts of great numbers of men is rare. Such systems are in no proper sense working hypotheses; they are "rationalizations" , or, at best mixtures of working hypotheses and "rationalizations".21Thinking in the social sciences suffers, I believe, chiefly from two defects:One is the fallacy of misplaced concreteness; the other, the intrusion of sentimen—tsof Bacon's Idols—into the thinking, which may be fairly regarded as an occupational hazard of the social scientists.22Sentiments have no place in clear thinking, but the manifestations of sentiments are among the most important things with which the social sciences are concerned. For example, the word "justice" is out of place in pleadingbefore the Supreme Curt of the United States, but the sentiments associated with that word and often expressed by it are probably quite as important as the laws of our country, not to mention the procedure of the Supreme Court. Indeed such sentiments seem to be in many ways and at many times the most important of all social forces.23The acquired characters of men may be divided into two classes. One kind involves much use of reason, logic, the intellect; for example, the ordinary studies of school and university. The other kind involves little intellectual activity and arises chiefly from conditioning from rituals and from routines; for example, skills, attitudes, and acquired sentiments. In modified form, men share such acquired characters with dogs and other animals. When not misinterpreted, they have been almost completely neglected by intellectuals and are frequently overlooked by social scientists. Their study seems to present an opportunity for the application of physiology.24The conclusions of this comparative study are as follows: Firstly, a combination of intimate, habitual, intuitive familiarity with things; systematic knowledge of things; and an effective way of thinking about things is common among medical scientists, rare among social scientists. Secondly, systems in the medical sciences and systems in the social sciences are commonly different. The former resemble systems in the other natural sciences, the latter resemble philosophical systems. Thirdly, many of the terms employed currently in the social sciences are of a kind that is excluded, except by inadvertence, from the medical sciences. Fourthly, sentiments to not ordinarily intrude in the thinking of medical scientists; they do ordinarily intrude in the thinking of social scientists. Fifthly, the medical sciences have made some progress in the objective study of the manifestations of sentiments; the social sciences, where these things are particularly important, have neglected them. This is probably due to the influence of the intellectual tradition " Sixthly" in the medical sciences, special methods and special skills are many; in the social sciences, few. Finally, in the medical sciences, testing of thought by observation and experiment is continuous. Thus, theories and generalizations of all kinds are constantly being corrected, modified, and adapted to the phenomena; and fallacies of misplaced concreteness, eliminated. In the social sciences, there is little of this adaptation and correction through continuous observation and experiment.25These are very general conclusions to which, as I have already said, there are numerous and important exceptions. Perhaps the most important exceptions may be observed in the work of many historians, of purely descriptive writers, and of those theoretical economists who scrupulously abstain from the application of theory to practice.6Hippocrates was chiefly concerned with .( A)not concealing his own ignorance from himself( B)combining philosophy with medical doctrine( C)the system of diagnosis of the Cnidian school( D)pretentious systematization of knowledge( E)incorporating tradition with systematic knowledge7Most social science systems are, at best, .( A)mixtures of working hypotheses and rationalizations( B)results of concerted efforts of men at adaptive modification( C)adaptations of experience and increasing knowledge to experiments( D)highly developed systems of knowledge( E)studies of the structural elements of things8One branch of the social sciences considered in some respects definitive is .( A)history( B)philosophy( C)sociology( D)politics( E)economics9The social sciences today suffer from defects similar to the defects of medicine in Hippocrates' day, as evidenced by all but one of thesestatements. Which one?( A)Forms of superstition are less apparent today because we half accent them.( B)The concealment of ignorance is as thoroughly dishonest today as it was before.( C)Elaborate speculation is based on poor foundation of fact.( D)Much philosophy is mingled with current social science.( E)Social and political myths are everywhere current.10The tradition of skillful medical practice since Hippocrates' time combines theory and practice. Which description inaccurately represents this tradition?( A)Hard, persistent, intelligent, unremitting labor in the sickroom.( B)Evidence of accurate observation, selection, classification, and methodical exploitation of phenomena.( C)Judicious construction of a modest workable theory.( D)Hard, responsible, intelligent, unremitting labor in the library.( E)All-round adaptation of the doctor to his task as a type of master workman.11The author firmly believes the scientific study of men .( A)comparative religion( B)natural philosophy( C)social science( D)medical science( E)theoretical economics12Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of the author based on his comparative study?( A)Effective thinking is rare among social scientists.( B)In the medical sciences, testing of thought by observation and experiment is continuous.( C)Sentiments ordinarily intrude in the thinking of medical scientists.( D)Social sciences have neglected the objective study of the manifestations of sentiments.( E)Terms employed in the social sciences are of a kind excluded from the medical sciences.13By "the fallacy of misplaced concreteness" , the author means .( A)apprenticeship in a hospital is the only effective preparation for practice( B)the expressing of opinions deduced from theoretical considerations rather than experiment and observation( C)the prescribing of treatment for a patient by an experienced intern( D)treatment of illness by specialists in each field( E)theoretical deductions verified by observation and experimentation14According to the writer, the social sciences suffer from both the fallacy of misplace concreteness and .( A)excessive experimentation( B)judicious theory construction( C)intrusion of sentiments( D)too much observation and checking( E)ancient myths15One may infer that the author's views are .( A)universally accepted by medical students( B)accepted by social scientists( C)not acceptable to Gestaltists( D)parallel to those of economists( E)disputed by many professions15For the given word in each item in questions 16 to 20, decide which semantic variation best conveys the meaning of the author. The number given after each word indicates the paragraph in which the word appears.(1x5)16prevailed(7)( A)existed widely( B)produced the desired effect( C)gained the advantage17 pretentious(7)( A)assumptive of dignity( B)making exaggerated show; ostentatious( C)claiming importance or title18 conspicuous(14)( A)readily attracting attention; striking( B)plainly visible; manifest( C)undesirably noticeable19 fallacy(16)( A)false idea( B)deceitfulness( C)erroneous reasoning 20 sectarian(17)( A)pertaining to a particular school of thought( B)member of a sect( C)bigoted三、句子改错21All high schools attach great importance youngster's performance in the College Entrance Examinations.22He could not say "hippopotamus" and "pomegranate" , and we had to help him to pronounce.23"How to open the door?" , he asked as he turned the key, but the door did not open.24This was a farm where you could find all kinds of birds: chickens, quails, turkeys, ducks and geese and so on.25The boy biked to school but realized that he has forgotten his homework.26It was bad news that all boys in the class were caught skipping the PEclass. Another news, however, was encouraging:all of them passed the math exam.27The teacher got impatient that after explaining the past tense many times and giving many examples, the pupils still wrote "I play football yesterday".28All the sophomores said that they wanted to be a good student.29The teacher found it dissatisfied that students failed to hand in their homework on time.30 A wrong information he gave me is that our shuttle bus leaves at 3. As a result, I missed it.四、汉译英31Translate the following passage into English.(25)建城近2500年来,南京一直是中国多元文化交融共进的中心城市之一。
南京大学语言学考研真题及参考答案(2006~2009)【圣才出品】
10.南京大学语言学考研真题及参考答案(2006~2009)南京大学2009年语言学考研真题考试科目:英语语言文学Ⅰ. Write the International Phonetic Alphabet for the following words. (12/150)(1) attentive (2) deference (3) hypothesis (4) pathetic(5) catastrophe (6) ascent (7) subtlety (8) caveat(9) frugal (10) influenza (11) languid (12) vehement【答案】(1) attentive[] (2) deference[](3) hypothesis[](4) pathetic: [] (5) catastrophe: [](6) ascent: [](7) subtlety: [] (8) caveat: [](9) frugal: [](10) influenza: [] (11) languid: [](12) vehement: []Ⅱ. The following sentence is taken from Barack Obama’s Victory Speech. The underlined words are stressed by Obama. State the general rules of sentence stress and discuss whether the underlined words conform to these rules (e.g.,which ones are generally stressed; which ones are normally not stressed but get stressed here; and which ones that are normally stressed but are not stressed here). (15/150)If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. 【答案】In general situations, lexical words are normally stressed while grammatical words are unstressed. Those which mainly work for constructing groups, phrase, clause, clause complex, or even text are grammatical words, such as, conjunctions, prepositions, articles, and pronouns. And those which mainly work for referring to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are lexical words. Lexical words carry the main content of a language while grammatical ones serve to link together different content parts. Therefore, lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones as functional words.In this passage, the verb doubts, wonders, questions, the noun America, things, dream, founders, power, democracy, the adjective: possible, alive, the adverb: still, all, fall into the category of lexical words and are generally stressed. The pronoun: anyone, our and your, are grammatical words which are not normally stressed but get stressed here, and the noun: place, time, tonight, answer, are lexical words that are normally stressed but are not stressed in this text.(本题考查词的分类和重音,根据词性来判断是否应该重读。
2021南京大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研参考书真题经验
南京大学——外国语言学及应用语言学考研是一个自我摸索和不断纠正的过程,对于没有经历过考研的我们一切都是靠自己慢慢探索的,不要指望别人会帮助你太多,但是考研经验里对经常会出现的问题的处理方法还是可以参考借鉴的!我整理了关于南京大学外国语言学及应用语言学复试考研的一些经验希望备考的学子以此借鉴!一、学校选择:谈到选学校的问题,我想提醒大家的就是一定要选择一个和你实力比较均衡的学校,这样才有比较有把握,报的太高了,可能会让你在复习过程中慢慢失去信心,报的太低了则可能会让你没有动力和冲劲。
二、专业选择:如果你选择了考研的话,那你就意味着还想为你将要报的专业卖命,而且有可能是一辈子,所以选择专业你一定要慎重,一定要选择你真正喜欢、感兴趣的专业,这样为你将来深造和研究有大的利处和发展空间,也对你事业发展有很大的影响。
所以我提醒准备考研的朋友一定要选择自己最喜欢的专业。
三、复习问题:我自己是从大三第二个学期开始复习的,在这个学期我就是背背单词,稍微先看看专业,政治没有必要看那么早,可以先看李凡政治新时器(看得早到时也忘的差不多),要考数学的朋友在这个学期也要慢慢把数学看看,最好这学期可以把书过一遍(如果底子好的同学也可以直接跟着复习全书看)真正要加大力度复习的时期就应该是大四上学期,其实我认为,只要你在大四上个学期抓紧复习,也是来得及的,也没有必要从大二就开始复习,有时候复习战线太长到最后可能会感到疲倦,效率可能不是很高,不过这个也因人而异。
下面我就各门课谈谈我的复习心得吧。
1、英语方面考研英语和四六级(课程)英语是不同的,所以没有过四六级的同学是完全要有信心去考研,因为考研不用考听力,这就和英语听力占大部分比重的四六级很不一样了,而且考研的英语考的是难度深度而不是速度,这和四六级也是不一样的,我们有三个钟的时间做英语。
另一方面四六级考的好的同学也不要掉以轻心。
考研英语分数中占百分之七十的是作文和阅读,所以复习时的重点是在这两部分。
2021南京大学英语语言文学考研参考书真题经验
南京大学——英语语言文学下面给大家分享一下南京大学英语语言文学专业考研初试经验分享,希望大家都能考到理想的成绩。
本人英语专业应届生,一战。
写这个贴一方面是自己复习的时候有时会感到有一些迷茫,觉得特别无助,希望我的分享能在考研党们迷茫的时候给大家的复习带来一些小小的帮助~ 还有一方面是用我的复习经历激励一下大家:我的复习时间推进看起来惨不忍睹,一切都没有按照计划来,到了还剩两个月的时候,我觉得压力很大什么都没看,觉得没有戏,准备好要二战了可是又很矛盾,不想二战,但直到最后我都没有自暴自弃,而是抓住每分每秒想尽量让自己爆发小宇宙创造奇迹,事实证明这是有回报的,请小伙伴们无论多痛苦都要坚持到最后!千万不要破罐子破摔想着再战算了,一战可以过就不要二战,这次可以过就不要把希望寄托在下一次!下面是我惨不忍睹的时间推进(这是我个人整体的复习推进,可以选择跳过直接看下面各科目的复习经验。
这个放出来是想告诉大家就算到了最后什么也没看并不代表自己就应该自暴自弃,请抱着希望坚持到最后,坚持不下去的时候就来看这个喝鸡汤吧):2月:决定学校、考研方向。
看经验贴,记下要看的书目。
心中并没有大体的复习规划。
3月-6月:联系上一届的前辈,又确定了一些需要的书目。
由于该学期我在上美国文学的课程(教科书不同),就根据学校的进度缓慢地带着看美国文学选读(十分龟速,三个月一半都没看完)。
这一学期除了自身课业以外,我一直忙着院里戏剧大赛的排练,又一时兴起在网上参加了一个翻译社每月都保证千字以上的翻译,另外我一直在做日剧的校对,所以给考研复习的时间可谓很少。
但我一直在安慰自己,我做的这些其实也并非与考试复习毫无关联。
但还是感受到了接下来复习时间的紧迫,我决定暑假一定要把两本选读过完。
7月:按照计划,一边看常耀信的美国文学简史,一边看完了第一遍美国文学选读。
并且隔几天就带着看一点文学导论的内容。
(之前说了由于课内在上美国文学,所以就先带着看美国文学了,正常还是先看英国文学比较好) 8月-10月:我拍拖了(我心想考研可以二战,爱情飞走就再抓不住了) 请把这个当做反面教材)。
2001年全国硕士学位研究生入学日语考试试题重点解析(一)
2001年全国硕士学位研究生入学日语考试试题重点解析(一)一、次∞文刃——刃南5部分I:l土r尢々雷藁电入托允岛上¨加、乏札车札避捉肢A、B、c、Do中加岛最毛)通切哲屯。
啻一。
逞矿々芒k、。
1.,≮灭f土、——田固夙景力郊外力道亳咖一)<9E走,)ro、把。
A.L岔警加各B.寸二峙加々c.加寸加套D.力E加乐正确答案为D。
该句可译为:公共汽车缓缓地行驶在恬淡的田园风光中的郊外的道路上。
因为“o已加々”为“悠闲、宁静、恬适”之意。
△o匕加智心/悠闲宁静的心。
△弑骏力‘格9、o∑加々氮持℃一日老送为/考试完了,悠然自得地过上一天。
故D符合题意。
而A表示“柔软、柔和”;B表示“健壮、健康”;c表示“微弱、微暗、朦胧”之意,均与题意不符。
2.彼;耋、允o、L允二E℃屯乐-、.二E奇o、?屯——黠丁oA.挡挡导Ct℃B.括括芑一)博I二C.扫转C于芑仁D.括挡=之℃答案为C。
该句可译为:他总是把一些不经意的小事儿夸大其词。
因为c表示“夸大、夸张”之意,△扫拓C于芑旮言蕖/大话、吹牛。
△扫括I于芑汇毒L、与±÷于6/大吹大擂。
而A表示“公开、公布、发表”之意;B表示“粗枝大叶、粗略、草率”之意;D表示“大声、高声”之意。
均与题意不符。
3.彼一日匕咖{小说仁靛再——k、【外出L,土jEL旮o、。
A.旮护LrB.二督LrC.矗I于'rD.E'(正确答案为c。
该句可译为:他埋头读了一天的小说,根本不想外出。
因为“靛再矗C于,r”表示“埋头阅读,读得出神入化”之意,△彼;主o、o宅)漫画意上办矗;于,)tk、否/他总是埋中国医科大学王玉英头看漫画。
△睛力,2'o屯忘札r小藐老上a泰c于为/看小说人了迷,连时间都忘了。
与题意相符。
而“就西巷护LT”表示“读得流畅、泛泛地阅读,草草过目”之意,与题意不符。
斌再‘二右Lr”表示“读懂、读通”之意,△l二札C耋私汇C耋兢a二者甘未世尢/这本书我看不懂。
2019南京大学261英语、263日语、264德语与265法语考研真题与答案
2019南京大学261英语、263日语、264德语与265法语考研真题与答案南京大学外国语学院肇始于1917年南京高等师范学校设立的英文专修科,历经南高师英语系(1920)、国立东南大学外国语文系(1924)、第四中山大学外国文学系(1927)、国立中央大学外国文学系(1928)、国立中央大学外国语文系(1938),国立南京大学外国语文系(1949)等历史时期;在1952年的全国高校院系调整中,金陵大学、复旦大学、同济大学、震旦大学、厦门大学的相关系科并入,分设西方语言文学系和俄罗斯语言文学系;1955年,合并成立南京大学外国语言文学系;1993年,扩建为南京大学外国语学院。
在一个世纪的办学历程中,历代外院人共同努力,薪火传承、积淀形成了渊远卓越、崇实务本的精神传统,使这里成为我国最重要的外国语专业教学和研究基地之一,为国家的富强和民族的振兴培养了近万名高素质的外语专业人才。
外国语言文学专业既属学术性很强的人文学科,又与国家改革开放、社会经济发展密切相关,具有应用性。
南京大学外国语学院一向秉承“以学科建设为龙头,队伍建设为核心、人才培养为根本”的理念,踏实进取、不懈创新,在办学各个领域始终保持蓬勃的发展势头,已形成高水平科研教学团队和完备的外语学术体系。
1981年,学院英语语言文学和法语语言文学成为国务院首批博士学位授予单位;1995年英语语言文学成为江苏省重点学科,2002年被教育部批准为国家重点学科;2003年,外国语言学及应用语言学获博士学位授予权,同年设立外国语言文学博士后流动站;2006年,外国语言文学获一级学科博士学位授予权,设立俄语语言文学和德语语言文学博士点;2007年,法语语言文学成为江苏省重点学科;2008年,外国语言文学成为江苏省一级学科重点学科;2009年,入选江苏省国家一级重点学科培育建设点,2010年入选江苏省优势学科。
另外,英、法语本科专业是教育部特色专业建设点和江苏省高校品牌专业;德、俄语本科专业是江苏省特色专业。
历年南京大学考研真题试卷与答案汇总-南京大学考研真题答案-南大考研真题试卷-南大考研真题哪里找?
历年南京大学考研真题试卷与答案汇总-南大考研真题哪里找?金陵南大考研网(南京大学考研在线咨询入口)汇集了南京大学各专业历年考研真题试卷(原版),同时与南京大学专业课成绩前三名的各专业硕士研究生合作编写了配套的真题答案解析,答案部分包括了(解题思路、答案详解)两方面内容。
首先对每一道真题的解答思路进行引导,分析真题的结构、考察方向、考察目的,向考生传授解答过程中宏观的思维方式;其次对真题的答案进行详细解答,方便考生检查自身的掌握情况及不足之处,并借此巩固记忆加深理解,培养应试技巧与解题能力。
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[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
[考研类试卷]2010年南京大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷一、区分题1 Distinguish the following pairs of terms. Clarify the differences with appropriate examples.(20/150)homonymy vs. polysemy2 entailment vs. presupposition3 surface structure vs. deep structure4 endophoric reference vs. exophoric reference二、单项选择题5 For each group of items in the following, point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason in ONE sentence.(A)ex<u>p</u>ensive(B)re<u>p</u>eat(C)s<u>p</u>ring(D)cons<u>p</u>iracy[Focus on the pronunciation of "p"](A)co<u>n</u>siderate(B)to<u>n</u>icity(C)poi<u>n</u>tless(D)i<u>n</u>consistency[Focus on the pronunciation of "n"](A)number<u>s</u>(B)classroom<u>s</u>(C)island<u>s</u>(D)laptop<u>s</u>[Focus on the pronunciation of "s"] (A)competent(B)principal(C)individual(D)animate[Focus on the location of the stress](A)/f/(B)/p/(C)/d/(D)/g/[Focus on the classification of consonants] (A)provide(B)supply(C)offer(D)accuse[Focus on transitivity](A)re<u>ceive</u>(B)en<u>able</u>(C)re<u>vol</u>utionary(D)pro<u>ceed</u>[Focus on the type of morphemes](A)aboard(B)beyond(C)beneath(D)without[Focus on word types](A)parent/child(B)teacher/student(C)tree/forest(D)buyer/seller[Focus on the type of semantic relation](A)locutionary act(B)illocutionary act(C)perlocutionary act(D)elocutionary act[Focus on Austin's trichotomy of speech act theory] (A)Quality Maxim(B)Method Maxim(C)Quantity Maxim(D)Relation Maxim[Focus on Grice's Cooperative Principle](A)Content of discourse(B)Mode of discourse(C)Tenor of discourse(D)Field of discourse[Focus on Halliday's Register Theory]三、分析题17 Use the method of binary cutting(as used in the IC Analysis)to analyze the morphological or syntactic structure of the following.(12/150)inconsistency(4/150)18 The scholar also argues that the spread of English is nothing neutral.(8/150)19 What is metaphor? How does cognitive linguistics interpret it differently from traditional rhetoric? Use a few examples to illustrate how the farmer contributes to our understanding of language.(20/150)20 What do Brown and Levinson(1987)mean by "positive face" and "negative face"? Study the following utterances and decide which type of face is being attended to in each utterance. Support each of your decisions with a brief explanation.(20/150)(1)Come here, Johnny.(2)Passengers please refrain from smoking.(3)I just want to ask you if I can use your bike.(4)You must be tired after the long flight. Shall we talk about the contract tomorrow?21 Academic writing is supposed to be formal in style. However, colloquialisms of various kinds abound in Chinese learners' theses. Study the following excerpt from a postgraduate student's B. A. thesis. Point out those linguistic forms that are too colloquial to be appropriate. What might be the major causes for the use of the inappropriate language style? What advice do you have for teachers of English?(22/150)Presidents' inaugural address is an art that maybe includes all the skills of public speaking. How do American Presidents make their addresses attractive and persuasive? Do they have some skills or secrets of success on public speaking? Yes, I think so. I think many people who have great talent in public speaking make concerted effort to construct such a perfect text. That is to say, they check wording and phrasing, use all kinds of figures of speech as long as they need. So inaugural addresses show their especial charm to appeal to millions of fellow citizens.In this research, I'll try to prove that rhetoric techniques are frequently used in the speeches and play indispensable roles in making a good inaugural address. But it's obviously a "mission impossible" to study the whole family of rhetoric techniques ininaugural addresses. So I'll only choose one important and active member in the rhetoric family—metaphor, because it's used most frequently in presidents' inaugural addresses, and I'll use three American presidents' inaugural addresses as my samples.I hope that through my research I can find out the usage of metaphors in those addresses, and what effects they make respectively on the theme the addressers want to deliver. And I also hope that the comparison and contrast among the three different speeches will give us some clues about the change of American's political, economic, municipal, and diplomatic tactics in different periods.22 What is euphemism? Define it briefly in your own words. Then, study the following euphemistic expressions carefully and write out their non-euphemistic equivalents in the thirdcolumn.(16/150)23 The following statements are some items listed in a questionnaire designed to investigate Chinese high school students' motivation in learning English. Read these statements and fulfill three tasks: 1)provide your definition of motivation in language learning; 2)categorize the statements in relation to different types of motivation; and3)based on your definition of motivation, add at least TWO more items to the questionnaire(You can write the items in Chinese).(16/150)1.我学英语是因为英语是必修课。
[考研类试卷]2012年南京大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
[考研类试卷]2012年南京大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷一、区分题1 Distinguish the following pairs of terms. Clarify the differences with appropriate examples.metaphor vs. metonymy2 generalized conversational implicature vs. particularized conversational implicature3 coordination vs. subordination4 inflectional morpheme vs. derivational morpheme二、单项选择题5 For each group of items in the following,point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason in ONE sentence.(24/150)(A)repub<u>l</u>ic(B)conso<u>l</u>ation(C)mu<u>l</u>tiple(D)p<u>l</u>umber[Focus on the pronunciation of "l"](A)recko<u>n</u>(B)recog<u>n</u>ition(C)rethi<u>n</u>king(D)resig<u>n</u>ation[Focus on the pronunciation of "n"](A)a<u>s</u>piration(B)bu<u>s</u>iness(C)ari<u>s</u>en(D)re<u>s</u>ilience[Focus on the pronunciation of "s"] (A)admirable(B)advertising(C)adamant(D)addictive[Focus on the location of the stress](A)/w/(B)/n/(C)/m/(D)/b/[Focus on the classification of consonants](A)peddle(B)edit(C)resurrect(D)realize[Focus on the device of word formation] (A)misplace(B)empower(C)unbutton(D)displease[Focus on the type of affix](A)however(B)therefore(C)whereas(D)nevertheless[Focus on word types](A)mother/father(B)fairly/rather(C)top/bottom(D)local/global[Focus on the type of semantic relation] (A)cabin/aircraft(B)lens/glasses(C)mouse/computer(D)entrance/park[Focus on myronymy](A)we(B)it(C)now(D)here[Focus on deixis](A)Honesty Maxim(B)Approbation Maxim(C)Agreement Maxim(D)Sympathy Maxim[Focus on Leech's Politeness Principle]三、分析题17 Use the method of binary cutting(as used in the IC Analysis)to analyze the morphological or syntactic structure of the following.(12/150)representational(4/150)18 What happened next was astonishing to all present at the meeting.(8/150)19 Analyze the following sentences as required.(20/150)<u>The door</u> was knocked open by <u>a young man</u> with <u>abrick</u>.(Analyze the underlined parts of the sentence in terms of semantic roles and discuss how this sentence differs from" The young man knocked the door open with a brick".)20 On daily occasions, noise can be a big headache.(Discuss the conceptual metaphor used in this sentence and supply a sentence with a metaphor of the same type. Then, think of another possible conceptual metaphor for NOISE.)21 A smile on your face will make your appearance more welcome.(Rewrite the sentence with "you" as the subject. Discuss the difference(s)between the original sentence and the new one.)22 If yon waste time <u>today</u>, you will repent <u>tomorrow</u>.(Are the underlined words in the sentence deictic in this context? Why yes(or why not)?)四、简答题23 What are the four conditions that the performance of speech acts is supposed to satisfy if it is to be felicitous? Discuss how the following two instances of speech act performance may "deviate"from the rules or conditions.(20/150)(1)Thank for not smoking.(used as a public sign)(2)I really appreciate your effort to share my secret with my enemy!24 By definition,tautology like"Business is business"involves meaningless repetition. However, we do often find the use of it in real-life communication. Can yon think of twomore examples and discuss the possible contexts in which they might be heard? What do their users intend to convey? How are the tautological ways of saying different from their non-tautological equivalents?(22/150)25 Read the following poem carefully. What syntactic deviations are employed in it? What stylistic effect might result from the deviations? What cohesive devices are used? Who does "thou"refer to? How effective is its use?(16/150)My friend—Emily Dickinson My friend must be a Bird—Because it flies! Mortal,my friend must be,Because it dies'.Barbs has it, like a Bee!Ah, curious friend!Thou puzzlest me!26 Second language(L2)learners may correct themselves from time to time during their L2oral production. Listed below are some instances of self-correction(or self-repair)inL2speeches. Each instance is followed by the speaker's own retrospective account of the reasonfor the repair. Study these instances and fulfill the following tasks.(16/150)Task 1)Categorize these self-correction instances into some meaningful types. Name each type,briefly define it, and specify the instances that belong to it. For example, there are some instances(2,6,and 9)that exemplify Error Repairs as a type of self-repairs:Error Repairs: The L2 speakers correct themselves when they realize that they have made(or are making)language errors.Instance 2; The speaker corrects a phonological error.1. Uhm well there's a big dining table for forty person. And then we've also got er well it's well the dining table occupies half of the room.Retrospection: I thought, I did not tell you first how big the room was, so I said that the dining table occupies half of the room,and then I said what I originally wanted to say.2. We could arrange er more smallertabia[teibi]table[teibl] if you would like that better.Retrospection; I mispronounced the word" table," and I corrected it.3. There are very wide choice of er main courses er er steak er er several kinds of steak. Retrospection: I wanted to say it more precisely that we do not only have one kind of steak but several kinds of steak.4. You have to we have to make a contract.Retrospection: I realized that it is stupid to say that you have to make a contract, it's up to us to do it.5. In this urn in this part of the town er there are many vegetarians. Er this is because the university is here and vegetarians like it er like this restaurant.Retrospection: I noticed that" it" could also mean the university, so I wanted to make it clear that it is the restaurant that the vegetarians like and not the university.6. Will er have to pay er five er sorry er twenty-five percent. Retrospection; Here I said "five "instead of" twenty-five "accidentally.7. It doesn't it's not a problem.Retrospection: First I wanted to say "it does not matter" but I realized that in a business deal you cannotsay" it does not matter. "8. Thirty-five per... people.Retrospection: First I wanted to say " persons" but I had used " persons " several times before,so I said"people. " 9. I think it a very nice it's a very niceRetrospection: I left out "is, "and I corrected it.10. Uhm our fish fish meals er foods are very good too.Retrospection: I corrected"fish meals"for"fish food'" because I was not sure you can say "fish meals"and"fish foods"sounded a bit better.11. We have some er er v ... maybe you have vegetarians in your group. Retrospection; Here the idea of vegetarians suddenly popped up, and I abandoned what I was going to say because I would not have been able to list any more types of food anyway.27 Task 2)Analyze these self-correction instances and answer the following two questions: What feature can the self-correction phenomenon reveal about the process of L2 speech production? How does it influence L2 oral production?。
01-17南大外国文学研真题
南京大学历年考研真题汇编吴文亮整理【外国文学】【2001——2017】南京大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(三小时)【比较文学与世界文学】一、名词解释(20分)1、“潘多拉的盒子”2、骑士文学3、古典主义4、心理分析小说二、简要谈谈你本人对下列作品最深的一点体会(20分)1、《十日谈》2、《呼啸山庄》3、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》4、《万尼亚舅舅》三、以下四题任选三题,每题20分,共60分。
不许多做。
1普希金被尊为“现代文学之父”,请在“奠基”、“开创”的意义上谈谈他对俄国文学的贡献。
2莫泊桑、契坷夫均为短篇小说大师,试分析二人创作上的不同特点,简述二人对西方短篇小说艺术发展的贡献。
3在西方文学史上,“乌托邦”文学形成一个传统,请列举可归入该传统的重要作品(包括“反面乌托邦”作品),简要描述此类作品的特征。
4西方文学对中国现当代文学有巨大的影响,请选择一位你认为对中国作家的写作影响深远的西方作家,就其“影响”做一简要描述。
【语言文学基础】一、填空题(每空1分,共30分)14 荷马史诗包括《伊利昂纪》和《》两部作品。
15 文艺复兴时期法国新文学的代表是小说家()。
16 德国作家()因创作《布登勃洛克一家》而获得1929年诺贝尔文学奖。
17 意识流小说《喧哗与骚动》的作者是美国作家()。
二、选择题(每小题2分,共28分)7 狄蒙娜是莎士比亚《》中的女主人公。
A哈姆雷特B奥赛罗C李尔王D麦克白8 俄国作家()常被视为西方现代派文学的先驱之一。
A屠格涅夫B托尔斯泰C陀思妥耶夫斯基D契诃夫三、名词解释(每小题3分,共42分)- 0 -7 书信体小说 8 流浪汉小说南京大学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(三小时)【比较文学与世界文学】一、名词解释(20分)1、特洛伊木马2、模仿说3、十四行诗4、“拜伦式的英雄”二、简要谈谈你对下列作品最深的一点体会。
(20分)1、《神曲》2、《忏悔录》3、《安娜·卡列尼娜》4、《局外人》三、以下四题任选三题,每题20分,共60分。
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三、次の外来語を中国語に訳しなさい。(5点) 1.スポーツ 2.スケジュール 3.カレーライス 4.スーツケース 5.パスポート 6.カーテン 7.スペイン 8.チケット 9.インク 10.アルバイト
【答案】 1.体育运动 2.计划 3.咖喱饭 4.旅行箱,小提箱 5.护照 6.窗帘 7.西班牙 8.票,券 9.油墨,墨水 10.临时工,打工
8.李さんは毎期6時ごろ家( )出ます。 【答案】を 【解析】句意:小李每天早上六点左右从家出门。格助词「を」表示动作的起点。
9.陳さんは飼っていた小鳥( )逃げられました。 【答案】に 【解析】句意:小陈养的小鸟飞走了。格助词「に」用于被动态表示动作的主体。
10.この教室でベルが鳴っているの( )聞こえますか。 【答案】が 【解析】句意:在这间教室里能听见铃声响吗?「聞こえる」是自动词,意为“听得到,听得见”,故填「が」。
15.手紙を書く( )( )も、メールを送るのが一般的です。 【答案】より 【解析】句意:比起写信,发邮件更常用。格助词「より」表示比较的基准,意为“比,与…比较”。
五、( )に入れる言葉を選びなさい。答えは記号で書きなさい。(一回だけ使うこと)(10点) ① つもり ② ながら ③ うえに ④ ように ⑤ はず ⑥ そうだ ⑦ ないで ⑧ ために ⑨ まま ⑩ なら ⑪として ⑫べき 1.試験は2時間ですから、今はもう終わる( )です。 2.ラジオによると、明日雨が降る( )。 3.これからお酒をやめる( )です。 4.困っている人を助けるのは、人間( )当然のことです。 5.テレビを見( )食事をするのはよくありません。 6.野菜を買う( )駅前のスーパーがいいですよ。 7.大変疲れたので、コートを着た( )ベッドで寝てしまいました。 8.弟子が師匠の話を聞く( )だ。 9.今日は気温が低い( )、風が強いので、とても寒く感じる。 10.邪魔し( )、今大変忙しいですから。 【答案与解析】 1.⑤ 句意:因为考试时间是两小时,所以现在应该结束了。「はず」应该,理应。 2.⑥ 句意:据广播说明天会下雨。这里助动词「そうだ」表示传闻,意为“据说,听说”。 3.① 句意:今后我打算戒酒。「つもり」表示某人做某事的意图、动机、打算。 4.⑪ 句意:救人于危难之中,是做人应有的品质。「として」作为助词使用,意为“作为,以…资格,以…立
13.何( )分からないことがあれば、どうぞ遠慮なく聞いてください。 【答案】か 【解析】句意:有什么不明白的地方,请不要介意尽管问。「か」接在疑问词后面表示不确定。
14.この質問は子ども( )難しすぎますよ。 【答案】に 【解析】句意:这个问题对小孩来说太难了。格助词「に」在这里表示对象,意为“对,对于”。
11.食事の前( )手を洗ってください。 【答案】に 【解析】句意:饭前洗手。格助词「に」表示时间。
12.日本に着いだばかりで、まだ右( )左( )分かりませんが、どうぞよろしくお願いします。 【答案】も,も 【解析】句意:我刚来日本,什么都不懂,请多多指教。「右も左もわからない」是固定用法,意为“什么都不懂”。
17.ほっかいどう 18.こうれいしゃ 19.かがく 20.しょうこうしゅ
二、次の単語に正しい漢字を当てなさい。(10点)
1.うんてん 2.えいが 3.すいようび
4.ばしょ 5.にもつ 6.きょうみ
7.ちず 8.じてんしゃ 9.こうしゅうでんわ
10れいぎ. 11.わしょく 12.ろてんふろ
13.しゅうへん 14.はんがく 15しょうしか
考研复习
真题讲解
南京大学外国语学院 日语考研真题及详解
2001-2010汇编版
2010年 南 京 大 学 外 国 语 学 院 263日 语 考 研 真 题 及 详 解
一、次の漢字に正しい仮名をつけなさい。(10点)
1.秋 2.娘 3.夢 4.弟
5.禁止 6.残業 7.内容 8.恋愛
9.危険 10.退勤 11.細工 12.態度
16ひかり 17.がいしゅつ 18.ちゅうしゃじょう
19.おうだんほどう 20.ほうこくしょ
【答案】
1.運転 2.映画 3.水曜日 4.場所 5.荷物
6.興味 7.地図 8.自転車 9.公衆電話 10.礼儀
11.和食 12.露天風呂 13.周辺 14.半額 15.少子化
16.光 17.外出 18.駐車場 19.横断歩道 20.報告書
4.毎日、2時間勉強しない( )いけません。 【答案】と 【解析】句意:每天必须学习两个小时。「~ないといけない/だめだ」为固定句型,意为“必须,应该,非…不可”。
5.先週、母( )一緒に上海へ行きました。 【答案】と 【解析】句意:上周我和妈妈去了上海。格助词「と」表示“和…一起,跟…一起”。
13.複雑 14.寝坊 15.掃除 16.遠慮
17.北海道 18.高齢者 19.科学 20.紹興酒
【答案】
1.あき
2.むすめ 3.ゆめ 4.おとうと
5.きんし 6.ざんぎょう 7.ないよう 8.れんあい
9.きけん 10.たいきん 11.さいく
12.たいど
13.ふくざつ 14.ねぼう 15.そうじ 16.えんりょ
6.すみません、李先生はいつ事務室( )いらっしゃいますか。 【答案】に 【解析】句意:不好意思,请问李老师什么时候来事务所?「いらっしゃる」是动词「行く」「来る」等的尊敬语, 这里格助词「に」表示动作移动的目的地。
7.今年の冬休みは二週間( )( )だそうです。 【答案】だけ 【解析】句意:据说今年的寒假只有两周时间。副助词「だけ」意为“只,ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ”,表示程度和范围。
四、次の( )に適当な首葉を入れなさい。(15点)
1.昨日、新幹線( )東京へ行きました。 【答案】で 【解析】句意:昨天我乘坐新干线去了东京。格助词「で」表示手段。
2.面白い本( )欲しいです。 【答案】が 【解析】句意:我想要一本有趣的书。格助词「が」表示愿望,好恶的对象。
3.新しく買ったズボン( )短くしました。 【答案】を 【解析】句意:把新买来的裤子裁短了。格助词「を」表示动作的对象。「~を短くする」意为“使…变短”。