医学考博公共英语模拟卷二-育明考博

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医学博士英语考试听力模拟试题及答案

医学博士英语考试听力模拟试题及答案2017年医学博士英语考试听力模拟试题及答案PAPER ONEPart ⅠlisteningSection ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen shortconversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you willhear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. Afteryou hear the question, read the four possible answer marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example:Youwill hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite allday.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?Youwill read:A.She is sick.B.She was bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B D1.A. Hedoesn’t like histology.B. He can’t afford the book.C.The textbook is very difficult.D. He is the manager of thebookstore.2. A. Heis selling insurance.B. He is making an offer.C. Heis giving a suggestion.D. He is inquiring.3. A. Treatthe patient with the best medicine.B. Let the patient recover by herself.C. Treatthe patient’s symptoms only.D. Ask the patient to do what she istold.4. A. Theroof of the woman’s house needs to be repair ed.B. Theroof of the man’s house has several bad leaks.C. Thewoman’s bathroom was badly damaged.D. Theman works for a roofing company.5. A. Whoto vote for based on their records in senate.B. Thehistory of America.C. Theirobjections to socialized medicine.D. Theirdifficulties in recent years in insurance.6. A. Examine. B. Operate.C.Find out.D. Figure out.7. A. WestVirginia has many unexplored areas.B.Andy would probably be a good person to ask.C. Thecampers should try to get a lot of information.D.Andy will help if he’s there this summer.8. A. Heshouldn’t cry whenever the baby cries.B. Hecan’t put the baby’s toy into pieces.C. Hecan’t have pieces of cakes every time.D. Heshouldn’t be so nervous whenever the baby cries.9. A. Shepartially agrees with the man.B. Shecompletely agrees with the man.C. Shedoesn’t agree with the man.D. Shethinks life’s worse for the young people.10. A. Heis a dance coach. B. He is a patient.C. Heis a surgeon.D. He is aphysiotherapist.11. A. Thewoman wants an office with a better view.B. Theriver can be seen from both office.C. Thewoman’s office has two windows.D. Theyhave to cross the river every day.12. A. Hedoesn’t know how to turn the calculator on.B. Helost the woman’s calculator.C. Hebroke something the woman lent him.D. Hecan’t help the woman tonight.13. A. Finishthe first half of the project right away.B. Makean effort to reach a compromise.C. Havethe teacher review the project.D. Meethis partner in the middle of the town.14. A. Agood presentation needs a lot of preparation.B. Thepresentation was very good.C. Hecan always turn to her for help.D. Heshould get some sleep.15. A. Compareher own papers to others.B. Watch out for the usual typingmistakes.C. Havesomeone else type her papers.D. Ask another person to check her work.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one dialogueand two passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After eachquestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C andD. Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B DDialogue16. A. Thefeeding habits of spiders.B. A new discovery about spiders.C. Typesof spiders.D. The different kinds of spider’s webs.17. A. Length. B. Width.C. Adhesion.D. Complexity.18. A. Poisoning. B. Providing warmth.C. Catchingbranches.D. Protecting eggs.19. A. Theywere so complex.B. Theyall seemed the same to me.C. Somebad adhesive qualities and others not.D. Theyneeded so many different silks.20. A. Shewas glad she missed it.B. Shethought it sounded strange.C. Shewanted to see the show.D. Shewas surprised that the man was interested.Passage One21. A. Astudent in health services.B. A drug abuse lecturer.C. Adermatologist.D. A representative ofthe tobacco industry.22. A. Howto reduce nicotine and other addictions.B. Howstress affects the skin.C. Theeffects of alcohol on health.D. Howto achieve optimal health.23. A. Alcohol. B. Nicotine.C. Caffeine.D. A reduced supplyof blood.24. A. Itincreases the flow of blood to the skin.B. Itcauses increased consumption of alcohol.C. Itprevents the skin from receiving enough nourishment.D. Itcauses stress.25. A. Caffeine. B. Nicotine.C. Alcohol.D. Warmth of thebody.Passage Two26. A. Onemust miss one meal a day.B. Mostpeople should skip breakfast.C. Toskip one meal a day is no good for one’s health.D. Breakfastis most important in working day.27. A. Theywere all adults.B. They were males ofdifferent ages.C. Theyincluded teenagers and grown-ups.D. They were mostly young people under28. A. Differentkinds of breakfast.B. Very good breakfasts.C. Adequatebreakfasts.D. All kinds of meals.29. A. Whenthey had skipped breakfast.B. Whenthey had had breakfast.C. Whenthey had eaten particular breakfasts.D. Whenthey had had all three meals.30. A. Skippingbreakfast will not help one lose weight.B. Ifyou skip breakfast, you won’t eat much for lunch either.C. Skippingbreakfast does a lot of harm.D. Skippingbreakfast will gain weight.。

医学博士英语模拟试卷2

模考试卷（二）Part I Vocabulary (10%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest inmeaning with the underlined word.1. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter2. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill3. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment4. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary5. Some linguists believe that the______age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed6. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the______of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts7. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided8. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew9. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated10. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability11. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured12. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird13. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower14. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription15. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached16. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a __________event.A. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic17. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes18. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded19. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated20. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPartII cloze (10%)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting 1 workers’ productivity. Instead，the studies ended 2 giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers’ behavior 10 itself.After several decades，the same data were 11 to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretation of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.1.[A] affected [B]achieved [C]extracted [D]restored2.[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]off3.[A]truth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4.[A]controversial [B]perplexing [C]mischievous [D]ambiguous5.[A]requirements [B]explanations [C]accounts [D]assessments6.[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7.[A]as far as [B]for fear that [C]in case that [D]so long as8.[A]awareness [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion9.[A]suitable [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10.[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11.[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]Contrary to [B]Consistent with [C]Parallel with [D]Peculiar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15.[A]In contrast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16.[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17.[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued18.[A]Therefore [B]Furthermore [C]However [D]Meanwhile19.[A]attempted [B]tended [C]chose [D]intended20.[A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hittingPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Text 1Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents di rt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer.International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a familyof five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.1. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water2. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater?A. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.3. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank4. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight5. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?A. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.Text 2Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from theirparents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.6. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced7. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly8. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes9. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation10. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessText 3More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number droppedto 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.11. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students12. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish13. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other14. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.15. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.Text 4Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.16. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.17. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.18. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.19. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.20. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free marketText 5Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury.Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurrican will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and returnto land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.21. The eye of the hurricane is__________.A. the powerful center of the stormB. the part that determines its directionC. the relatively calm center of the stormD. the center of low pressure22. Which of the following statements is true?A. A storm surge is a dramatic increase in wind velocity.B. A hurricane watch is more serious than a hurricane warning.C. Falling air pressure is an indicator that the storm is increasing in intensity.D. It is safe to go outside once the eye has arrived.23. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. How to Avoid Hurricane damageB. Forecasting HurricanesC. The dangerous HurricaneD. Atlantic Storms24. The low-lying areas refer to those regions that__________.A. close to the ground levelB. one-storey flatC. flat housesD. near to the lowest level of hurricane25. Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting one's house from a hurricane?A. taking out heavy thingsB. moving in light-weight furnitureC. equipping the house with stonesD. covering windowsText 6Attacking an increasingly popular Internet business practice, a consumer watchdog group Monday filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission, asserting that many online search engines are concealing the impact special fees have on search results by Internet users. Commercial Alert, a 3-year-old group founded by consumer activist Ralph Nader, asked the FTC to investigate whether eight of the Web' s largest search engines are violating federal laws against deceptive advertising.The group said that the search engines are abandoning objective formulas to determine the order of their listed results and selling the top spots to the highest bidders without making adequate disclosures to Web surfers. The complaint touches a hot-button issue affecting tens of millions of people who submit search queries each day. With more than 2 billion pages and more than 14 billion hyperlinks on the Web, search requests rank as the second most popular online activity after E-mail.The eight search engines named in Commercial Alert's complaint are: MSN, owned by Microsoft; Netscape, owned by AOL Time Warner; Directhit, owned by Ask Jeeves; HotBot and Lycos, both owned by Terra Lycos; Altavista, owned by CMGI; LookSmart, owned by LookSmart; and iWon, owned by a privately held company operating under the same name.Portland, Ore.-based Commercial Alert could have named more search engines in its complaint, but focused on the biggest sites that are auctioning off spots in their results, said Gary Ruskin, the group's executive director.“Search engines have become central in the quest for learning and knowledge in our society. The ability to skew (扭曲）the results in favor of hucksters (小贩）without telling consumers is a serious problem.” Ruskin said. By late Monday afternoon, three of the searchengines had responded to The Associated Press' inquiries about the complaint. Two, LookSmart and AltaVista, denied the charges. Microsoft spokesman Matt Pilla said MSN is delivering “compelling search results that people want.”The FTC had no comment about the complaint Monday. The complaint takes aim at the new business plans embraced by more search engines as they try to cash in on their pivotal (关键）role as Web guides and reverse a steady stream of losses. To boost revenue, search engines in the past year have been accepting payments from businesses interested in receiving a higher ranking in certain categories or ensuring that their sites are reviewed more frequently.26. The consumer group complained about__________.A. special fees that Internet users were chargedB. Federal Trade CommissionC. Commercial AlertD. online search engines27. __________is the most popular activity online.A. Sending pages of informationB. Sending E-mailC. Surfing the netD. Selling the top spot28. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?A. There are too many pages or hyperlinks on the Internet, so people usually use search engine to find a certain site.B. More than 8 search engines are accused of selling their search engine spots by Commercial Alert.C. The headquarters of Commercial Alert is in Portland Oregon.D. The search engines are Web guides.29. All the following share one similarity EXCEPT__________.A. LookSmartB. CMGIC. AltavistaD. Microsoft30. The primary aim of some companies’ sponsoring the search eng ines is to__________.A. cash in on their important role as Web guidesB. boost their avenueC. reverse a series of lossesD. have their sites visited by the internet users morePart IV Writing (30%)Directions: In this part there is a passage in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covesthe major points of the passage.随着电脑的普及，网络越来越受到青少年的喜爱。

中央民族大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析

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医学考博英语试题及答案

医学考博英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The new drug is reported to be effective in treating_______.A. hypertensionB. hypotensionC. hyperactivityD. hypoactivity答案：A2. The patient's condition has been stable since the _______ of the medication.A. administrationB. admissionC. communicationD. commutation答案：A3. The doctor advised the patient to avoid _______ foods.A. allergenicB. allergicC. allergenD. allergy答案：A4. The _______ of the surgery was successful, but thepatient's recovery was slow.A. executionB. implementationC. performanceD. operation答案：D5. The _______ of the disease is influenced by genetic factors.A. progressionB. regressionC. transmissionD. transition答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇5分）Passage 1Recent studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease. Experts recommend consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also important to limit the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced dietB. The role of fruits and vegetables in heart healthC. The dangers of salt, sugar, and saturated fatsD. The benefits of lean proteins and healthy fats答案：A6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended for heart health?A. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetablesB. Eating whole grainsC. Limiting the intake of salt and sugarD. Eating large amounts of saturated fats答案：DPassage 2The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased significantly in recent years. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient's medical history, which can improve the quality of care. However, the implementation of EHRs also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security.7. What is the main advantage of EHRs mentioned in the passage?A. They provide a complete medical historyB. They improve patient-doctor communicationC. They reduce medical errorsD. They lower healthcare costs答案：A8. What challenge is associated with the use of EHRs?A. Ensuring data privacy and securityB. Training medical staff to use the systemC. Maintaining the hardware for the systemD. Complying with legal regulations答案：A三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a means of providing medical care to patients in remoteareas. This approach allows doctors to consult with patients via video conference, 9. which can save both time and money. Telemedicine can also 10. provide access to specialized care that may not be available locally.9. A. therebyB. moreoverC. howeverD. otherwise答案：A10. A. potentiallyB. actuallyC. certainlyD. occasionally答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题15分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。

医学考博英语真题及解析整理2003年-育明考博

医学考博英语真题及解析整理2003年part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicatewith someone in English.A.frustrated失败的, 落空的B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的C.approved被认可的D.distracted心烦意乱的32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmitted commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的D.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio.A.accomplishment（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八有售各院校真题）a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。

B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人D.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用 entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcybut a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulation流通者;传播者B.under consideration在考虑之中C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有D.at stake危如累卵, 危险37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品B.dietC.tastefulD.edible edible fat食用油脂38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁C.put onD.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denoting指示, 表示 quick pulse often denotes fever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。

全国医学考博英语试题

2014MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。

2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。

3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。

书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。

4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。

5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。

国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, Thequestion will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all her troubles.3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He won’t complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldn’t be worse.4. A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promotion.5. A. Her daughter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.6. A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7. A. John likes gambling.B. John is very fond of his new boss.C. John has ups and downs in the new company.D. John has a promising future in the new company.8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9. A. She’s an odd character.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10.A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11.A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12.A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13.A. It is only a cough.B. It’s a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. It’s extremely serious.14.A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15.A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answersmarked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16.A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17.A. He can’t play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operation.D. He has cancer.18.A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19.A. To see if he has cancer. B. To see if he has depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if he has a food allergy problem.20.A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21.A. The cause of COPD.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22.A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23.A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24.A. When smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25.A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Women’s active metabolic rate.D. Women’s smaller airways.Passage Two26.A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27.A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28.A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29.A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30.A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health – remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection:In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A BC andD .are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase thatbest completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 31.A good night’s sleep is believed to help slow the stomach’s emptying, produce a smoother,less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better __________ brain metabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD. consolidate32.The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left my mind in such a________ that I couldn’t get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoilD. mentality33.Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure, in the obese,in cigarette smokers, and in those _________ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD. subjected34.Most colds are acquired by children in school and then ___________ to adults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD. relayed35.Several of the most populous nations in the world ________ at the lower end of the table ofreal GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD. vibrated36.Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _______, even though the concept hasbeen around since 1900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD. endeavors37.Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weaken the immunesystem, ________ aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38.The mayor candidate’s personality traits, being modest and generous, _______ people in hisfavor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39.With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong ________to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD. implication40.If you are catching a train, it is always better to be _______ early than even a fraction of aminute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD. favorablySection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose the word or phrase which can bestkeep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part,Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41.All Nobel Prize winners’ success is a process of long-term accumulation, in which lastingefforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42.The Queen’s presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception at BuckinghamPalace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD. emitted43.Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growing children in the form ofmental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. representativeD. insidious44.The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances has been applied toautomatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yieldB. amplifyC. adaptD. cast45.Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure of religiouspersecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46.When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the original compositionby painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. substituteD. compile47.For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the construction program of anuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD. decomposed48.Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityC. qualityD. stability49.The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving him a full examination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD. brutal50.She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agonyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these __51__ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer’s, __52__ in the mice that acted as test subjects.It’s been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. It’s thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well be true, but I’d rather wait until it’s proven before giving upthat part of my daily life.But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimer’s.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” __55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer’s. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic__56__ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.” The lucky things.__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don’t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it’s hoped that further study and testing could result in anon-invasive __59__ for preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation.However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer’s means mobile phones __60__ our brains andbodies in ways not yet explored. And it’s sure there are negative as well as this one positive.51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effortB. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B,C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the world’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us ________.A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to the passage,________.A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B. could have been even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy the tools oftheir trade, they should ___________.A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be blind to their sources for the sake of humanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is ___________.A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.B. to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.C. to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D. to improve the transparency of international contracts.65. By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that ___________.A. the scientific community should stand up for all humanityB. the prime value of scientists’ work is to tell the truth.C. laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D. because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it’s inaccurate or confusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies’ eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify.The confusion is evident form New Scientist’s analysis of whether public perceptions of companies’ green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered “green” have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, for example. There are voluntary schemes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water sue. In this case, context is crucial: a little from rain-soaked Ireland is not the same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.Similar problems bedevil “green” labels attached to individual products. Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green Electronics Council shows the way forward. Its criteria come from the IEEE, the world’s leading professional association for technology/Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index” planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Developing rigorous standards for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is doing the underlying scientific work.Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclose data. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legal requirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clear message that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. Then market forces will drive companies to clean up their acts.Let’s hope we can rise to this challenge. Before we can have a green economy we need a green information economy – and it’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.66. “The confusion” at the beginning of the 2nd paragraph refers to ________.A. where to spend or invest in a sustainable wayB. an array of consumer products to chooseC. a fog of unreliable green informationD. little information on eco-credibility67. From the New Scientist’s analysis it can be inferred that in many cases________.A. eco-credibility is abusedB. a green economy is crucialC. an environmental impact is lessenedD. green credentials promote green economy68. From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual products, the author argues that ________.A. eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufacturesB. neither scientists nor manufactures are honestC. it is vital to build a green economyD. better information is critical69. To address the issue, the author is crying for ________.A. transparent corporate managementB. establishing sustainability indexesC. tough academic-led surveillanceD. strict legal weapons70. Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?A. The toughest challenge is the best opportunity.B. It is time for another green revolution.C. Information should be free for all.D. No quantity, no quality.Passage ThreePeople are extraordinarily skilled at spotting cheats – much better than they are detecting rule-breaking that does not involve cheating. A study showing just how good we are at this adds weight to the theory that our exceptional brainpower arose through evolutionary pressures to acquire specific cognitive skills.The still-controversial idea that humans have specialized decision-making systems in addition to generalized reasoning has been around for decades. Its advocates point out that the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionarily, since cheats risk undermining the social interactions in which people trade goods or services for mutual benefit.The test whether we have a special ability to reason about cheating, Leda Cosmides, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and her colleagues used a standard psychological test called the Wason selection task, which tests volunteers’ ability to reason about “if/then” statements.The researchers set up scenarios in which they asked undergraduate volunteers to imagine they were supervising workers sorting appliances for admission to two schools;a good one in a district where school taxes are high, and a poor one in an equally wealthy, but lightly taxed district. The hypothetical workers were supposed to follow a rule that specified “if a student is admitted to the good school”, they must live in the highly taxed district.Half the time, the test subjects were told that the workers had children of their own applying to the schools, thus having a motive to cheat; the rest of the time they were told the workers were merely absent-minded and sometimes made innocent errors. Then the test subjects were asked how they would verify that the workers were not breaking the rule.Cosmides found that when the “supervisors” thought they were checking for innocent errors, just 9 of 33, or 27 percent, got the right answer – looking for a student admitted to the good school who did not live in the highly taxed district. In contrast, when the supervisors thought they were watching for cheats, they did much better, with 23 of 34, or 68 percent, getting the right answer.This suggests that people are, indeed, more adept at spotting cheat than at detecting mere rule-breaking, Cosmides said. “Any cues that it’s just an innocent mistake actually inactivate the detection mechanism.”Other psychologists remain skeptical of this conclusion. “If you want to conclude that therefore there’s a module in the mind for detecting cheaters, I see zero evidence for that,” says Steven Sloman, a cognitive scientists at Brown University in Province, Rhode Island. “It’s certainly possible that it’s something we learned through experience. There’s no evident that it’s anything innate.”71. The findings of the study were in favor of ____________.A. the highly developed skills of cheating at schoolB. the relation between intelligence and evolutionC. the phenomenon of cheating at schoolD. the human innate ability to cheat72. The test “supervisors” appeared to be more adept at ________.A. spotting cheats than detecting mere rule-breakingB. detecting mere rule-breaking than spotting cheatsC. spotting their own children cheating than others doing itD. detecting cheats in the highly taxed district than in the lightly taxed one73. When she says that …that can’t be the only thing going on in the mind, Cosmides most probably implies that ________.A. cheating is highly motivated in the social interactionsB. our specific cognitive skills can serve an evolutionary purposeC. there is no such a mental thing as a specialized decision-making systemD. the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionary74. In response to Cosmides’ claim, Sloman would say that ________.A. it was of great possibilityB. it could be misleadingC. it was unbelievableD. it’s acquired75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Cheating at SchoolB. Cheating as the Human NatureC. Imaginary Intelligence and CheatingD. Intelligence Evolved to Root Out CheatsPassage FourFor many environmentalists, all human influence on the planet is bad. Many natural scientists implicitly share this outlook. This is not unscientific, but it can create the impression that greens and environmental scientists are authoritarian tree-huggers who value nature above people. That doesn’t play well with mainstream society, as the apparent backlash against climate science reveals.Environmentalists need to find a new story to tell. Like it or not, we now live in the anthropocene (人类世) – an age in which humans are perturbing many of the planet’s natural systems, from the water cycle to the acidity of the oceans. We cannot wish that away; we must recognize it and manage our impacts.Johan Rockstrom, head of the Stockholm Environment Institute in Sweden, and colleagues have distilled recent research on how Earth systems work into a list of nine “planetary boundaries” that we must stay within to live sustainably. It is preliminary work, and many will disagree with where the boundaries are set. But the point is to offer a new way of thinking about our relationship with the environment – a science-based picture that accepts a certain level of human impact and even allows us some room to expand. The result is a breath of fresh air: though we are already well past three of the boundaries, we haven’t trashed the place yet.It is in the same spirit that we also probe the basis for key claims in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 2007 report on climate impacts. This report has been much discussed since our revelations about its unsubstantiated statement on melting Himalayan glaciers. Why return to the topic? Because there is a sense that the IPCC shares the same anti-human agenda and, as a result, is too credulous of unverified numbers. While the majority of the report is assuredly rigorous, there is no escaping the fact that parts of it make claims that go beyond the science.For example, the chapter on Africa exaggerates a claim about crashes in farm yields, and also highlights projections of increased water stress in some regions while ignoring projections in the same study that point to reduced water stress in other regions. There errors are not trifling. They are among the report’s headline conclusions.Above all, we need a dispassionate view of the state of the planet and our likely future impact on it. There’s no room for complacency: Rockstrom’s analysis shows us that we face real dangers, but exaggerating our problems is not the way to solve them. 76. As the first paragraph implies, there is between environmentalists and mainstream society _____________.A. a misunderstandingB. a confrontationC. a collaborationD. a consensus77. Within the planetary boundaries, as Rockstrom implies, ___________.A. we humans have gone far beyond the limitationsB. our human activities are actually moderate in degreeC. a certain level of human impact is naturally acceptableD. it is urgent to modify our relationship with the environment78. The point, based on Rockstrom’s investigation, is simply that __________.A. they made the first classification of Earth systemsB. it is not to deny but to manage impacts on the planetC. we are approaching the anthropocene faster than expectedD. human beings are rational and responsible creatures on earth79. Critical of the IPCC’s 2007 report, the author argues that they _________.A. missed the most serious problems thereB. were poorly assembled for the missionC. cannot be called scientists at allD. value nature above people80. It can be concluded from the passage that if we are to manage the anthropocene successfully, we ________________.A. must redefine our relationship with the environmentB. should not take it seriously but to take it easy。

2024年全国医学博士英语统一考试模拟测试卷

2024年全国医学博士英语统一考试模拟测试卷2024 National Medical Doctorate English Unified Examination Mock Test PaperSection 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Importance of VaccinesVaccines are one of the greatest inventions in medical history. They have played a crucial role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies to fight off harmful viruses and bacteria. By doing so, vaccines help to protect individuals from getting sick and prevent the spread of diseases within communities.Vaccines have been responsible for the eradication of smallpox and the near-elimination of diseases such as polio, measles, and rubella. Vaccines have saved millions of lives and prevented countless cases of disability and suffering. They have also been instrumental in reducing healthcare costs associated with treating preventable diseases.Despite the overwhelming evidence of the benefits of vaccines, there are still individuals and groups who are hesitant or opposed to vaccination. Some concerns about vaccines include their safety, side effects, and the ingredients used in their production. It is important for healthcare professionals to address these concerns and provide accurate information to help individuals make informed decisions about vaccination.It is crucial that we continue to support vaccination efforts to protect the health of individuals and communities. By getting vaccinated, we not only protect ourselves but also contribute to the overall public health.Questions:1. What is the main purpose of vaccines?2. Name one disease that has been eradicated by vaccines.3. Why are some individuals hesitant to get vaccinated?4. What role do healthcare professionals play in addressing concerns about vaccines?5. What is the benefit of vaccination for public health?Section 2: Vocabulary and GrammarChoose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.1. The doctor recommended that he ___________ more water to stay hydrated.a) drinksb) drinkc) drinkingd) drank2. The patient ___________ his arm after the injection.a) rubb) rubbingc) rubbedd) rubs3. She has a ___________ in her thigh from a childhood accident.a) scarb) scrapec) cutd) bruise4. The nurse ___________ the patient's blood pressure before the surgery.a) checkedb) checkingc) checksd) check5. The laboratory results ___________ that the patient has a vitamin deficiency.a) indicateb) indicatesc) indicatedd) indicatingSection 3: WritingWrite an essay on the topic: "The Role of Telemedicine in Modern Healthcare". Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of telemedicine and how it has impacted the delivery of healthcare services. Include examples to support your arguments.Section 4: Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio file and answer the questions provided.We hope you found this mock test paper helpful in preparing for the upcoming National Medical Doctorate English Unified Examination in 2024. Good luck!。

医学博士英语试题及答案

医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案：C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案：A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案：A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案：B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案：A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案：A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案：A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案：cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案：otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案：excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案：prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案：computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案：asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案：appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案：hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案：magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案：glucose三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案：A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案：The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案：A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。

2024年全国医学博士英语统一考试模拟测试卷

2024年全国医学博士英语统一考试模拟测试卷2024 National Medical Doctor English Unified Examination Simulated Test PaperPart I. Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following medications is a common treatment for hypertension?A. InsulinB. AspirinC. LisinoprilD. Ibuprofen2. Which branch of the nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?A. ParasympatheticB. SympatheticC. CentralD. Peripheral3. What is the function of the pancreas?A. Regulate blood sugar levelsB. Produce bileC. Aid in digestionD. Store iron4. A patient experiencing shortness of breath and chest pain may be suffering from:A. DiabetesB. AsthmaC. Heart attackD. Migraines5. Which of the following is not a symptom of the flu?A. CoughB. FeverC. HeadacheD. RashPart II. Short Answer Questions1. Explain the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.2. What is the role of cholesterol in the body?3. Describe the difference between a virus and a bacterium.4. How does the immune system protect the body from infections?5. What are the benefits of regular exercise for overall health?Part III. Case StudyA 45-year-old female patient presents with complaints of fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. She has a family history of thyroid disease. Upon examination, her thyroid gland is enlarged and tender to the touch. Laboratory tests reveal elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and low levels of thyroxine (T4). Based on these findings, what is the most likely diagnosis and treatment plan for this patient?Part IV. EssayDiscuss the importance of communication skills in the medical field. How do effective communication skills benefit both healthcare providers and patients? Provide examples of how communication breakdowns can lead to errors in patient care and outcomes.Remember to answer all questions thoroughly and to show all work where applicable. Good luck on your exam!---该模拟测试卷提供了全方位的医学知识考核，包括选择题、简答题、案例分析和论文题。

医学博士外语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

医学博士外语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：M: Hi, Charlie, my doctor told me I needed to go for some expensive treatment for my injured ankle. W: Are you sure, Mary? Maybe you need a second opinion. Q: What does Charlie suggest Mary do?1．A．Change her diet.B．Take a different kind of medicine.C．Ask another doctor about the problem.D．Do special ankle exercises.正确答案：C解析：查理建议玛丽再想想。

听力原文：M: I’ m terribly sorry that my wife was so rude to you, Mrs. Brown. Usually she is quite polite, but our son has been very sick recently and she’ s rather upset. W: It doesn’t matter. I have children of my own so I understand how she feels.Q: Why is the man apologizing?2．A．Because his wife was upset.B．Because his wife was rude.C．Because his son was ill.D．Because Mr. Brown’ s son was ill.正确答案：B解析：男子道歉的原因是其妻子对Mrs．Brown无礼，故B项正确。

全国医学考博英语真题及答案解析2004年-育明考博

全国医学考博英语真题及答案解析2004年patr II vocabulary(10%)31.All the characters in the play are_____A.imaginable adj.可想象的, 可能的B.imaginary adj.假想的, 想象的, 虚构的C.imaginative adj. 富于想象力的D.imagining32.The judge _____ all the charges against SmithA.dismisseddismiss a charge驳回指控B.eliminated除去, 排除, 削减(人员)’不予考虑eliminate the false and retain the true去伪存真C.refusedvt.拒绝, 谢绝n.废物, 垃圾D.discardedinto the discard成为无用之物; 被遗忘throw sth. into the discard 放弃某事（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八有售各院校真题）33.The actress _____ the terms of her contract and was prosecuted起诉 by the producer制片人.A.ignored(因证据不足而)驳回诉讼B.ratified ratify an amendment to a constitution批准宪法修正案C.drafted vt.起草D.violated违犯,;扰乱;violate a law犯法violate sleep妨碍睡眠violate sb.'s privacy侵扰某人的安静; 闯入私室34.At this time of the year,university admission offices are_____with inquires from anxious applicants.A.annoyedB.thrilledv.发抖C.trampledn.踩踏, 蹂躏v.践踏, 踩坏, 轻视D.reproached v.责备35.When the former President_____her candidacy候选资格,she had a good chance of being elected.A.enforced强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强B.endorsed v.在(票据)背面签名, 签注(文件), 认可, 签署C.follow up v.穷追, 把...探究到底, 用继续行动来加强效果D.put forward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出36.The country’s highest medal was _____upon him for heroism.A.earnedB.bestowed给与, 授, 赠, 赐(on, upon)I do not deserve all the praises bestowed upon me.我不配得到这些赞扬。

[医学类试卷]医学博士外语模拟试卷27.doc

[医学类试卷]医学博士外语模拟试卷27 一、Section A（A）They haven't seen any.（B）They have seen enough.（C）They need plenty of space.（D）They have an apartment.（A）To find a house which is about 20 miles away from work. （B）To drive about 20 miles to work everyday.（C）Buy a farm.（D）Rent an apartment in the suburbs.（A）In a kitchen.（B）In an orchard.（C）In a garden.（D）At a picnic.（A）A traffic guard.（B）A sociologist.（C）A student.（D）A salesperson.（A）Disconnect his telephone.（B）Blow a whistle into the receiver.（C）Keep a record of incoming annoyance calls. （D）Report his problem to the police.（A）Betty told him.（B）Peter told him.（C）Paul told him.（D）Nobody told him.（A）Over the phone.（B）At a garage.（C）In a store.（D）At home.（A）It's filled with lies.（B）It doesn't describe all her.（C）It is too long.（D）It contains one lie.（A）She eats an egg, a toasted muffin, and coffee.（B）She eats at the school cafeteria.（C）She eats at home when she gets a ride and leaves the house early.（D）She has breakfast in the kitchen.（A）She decided to buy a gold necklace.（B）She decided to buy a pair of gold earrings and a gold necklace to match them.（C）She decided to buy a pair of gold earrings to match a gold necklace that she already had.（D）She decided to buy a pair of silver earrings because they were cheaper than the gold ones.（A）He is quite easy to recognize.（B）he is an outstanding speaker.（C）he looks like a movie star.（D）he looks young for his age.（A）consult her dancing teacher.（B）take a more interesting class.（C）continue her dancing class.（D）improve her dancing skills.（A）the man did not believe what the woman said.（B）the man accompanied the woman to the hospital.（C）the woman may be suffering from repetitive strain injury. （D）the woman may not follow the doctor's instructions. （A）they are not in style any more.（B）they have cost him far too much.（C）they no longer suit his eyesight.（D）they should be cleaned regularly.（A）he spilled his drink onto the floor.（B）he has just finished wiping the floor.（C）he was caught in a shower on his way home.（D）he rushed out of the bath to answer the phone.二、Section B（A）At a country school in Mexico.（B）In a mountain valley of Spain.（C）At a small American college.（D）In a small village in Chile.（A）By expanding their minds and horizons.（B）By financing their elementary education.（C）By setting up a small primary school.（D）By setting them an inspiring example.（A）She wrote poetry that broke through national barriers. （B）She was a talented designer of original school curriculums. （C）She proved herself to be an active and capable stateswoman. （D）She made outstanding contributions to children's education. （A）She won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.（B）She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.（C）She translated her books into many languages.（D）She advised many statesmen on international affairs.（A）She was invited to help organize the rural school system.（B）Some of her books have been translated into several languages.（C）She was the first American to win the Nobel Prize.（D）she gained worldwide recognition by winning the Nobel Prize in literature. （A）17.6 million.（B）Several million.（C）Two thirds of Americans.（D）Not mentioned.（A）More than two drinks for men per day.（B）Binge drink and heavy dinking at time.（C）Binge drink and heavy drinking everyday.（D）More than one drink for women per day.（A）Skin cancer.（B）Lung cancer.（C）Breast Cancer.（D）Liver cancer.（A）Craving.（B）Tolerance.（C）Loss of control.（D）Withdrawal symptom.（A）Genetics.（B）Environment.（C）Pressure form life.（D）All of the above.（A）She engaged in field research on environmental pollution. （B）She helped families move away from industrial polluters. （C）She taught chemistry and microbiology courses in a college. （D）She gave lectures on how to become a public speaker. （A）The job restricted her from revealing her findings.（B）She was offered a better job in a minority community. （C）The job posed a potential threat to her health.（D）She found the working conditions frustrating.（A）More branches of her company have been set up.（B）Many toxic sites in America have been cleaned up. （C）More environmental organizations have appeared. （D）Some giant industrial polluters have gone out of business. （A）Her rigorous training in delivering eloquent speeches. （B）Her lifelong commitment to domestic and global issues. （C）He widespread influence among members of Congress. （D）Her ability to communicate through public speaking. （A）Japan.（B）Mexico.（C）China.（D）Canada.三、Section A31 The thieves fled with the local police close on their ______. （A）backs（B）necks（C）toes（D）heels32 A friendship may be deep, lasting, or ______ , casual and situational.（A）critical（B）identical（C）superficial（D）original33 The head of the Museum was ______ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.（A）promising（B）agreeing（C）pleasing（D）obliging34 It is believed that children of two or three years old are able to learn any language if they are_____ it（A）involved in（B）indulged in（C）disposed to（D）exposed to35 Tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to ______ them next semester.（A）remake（B）repeat（C）reapply（D）revise36 The tone of the article ______ the writer's mood at the time.（A）reproduced（B）reflected（C）imagined（D）imitated37 The scientists have made an ______ study of the viruses that cause the disease. （A）exhausted（B）exhausting（C）exhaustive（D）exhaustion38 In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, ______ action.（A）determining（B）defensive（C）demanding（D）decisive39 Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The italicized phrase means ______.（A）unexpectedly（B）unhappily（C）untidily（D）unofficially40 The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did ______.（A）absolutely（B）accidentally（C）accordingly（D）accurately四、Section B41 If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird initiates a set of actions to protect its offspring.（A）hastens（B）triggers（C）devises（D）releases42 Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly.（A）Tension（B）Excitement（C）Fear（D）Nervousness43 Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience.（A）ideal（B）required（C）optional（D）standard44 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.（A）result（B）judgment（C）decision（D）event45 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.（A）secrets（B）details（C）benefits（D）words46 Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long.（A）anxious（B）curious（C）opposed（D）unwilling47 The exhibition is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries.（A）establish（B）maximize（C）guarantee（D）promote48 You have to pay a(n)premium for express delivery.（A）extra charge（B）extra price（C）extra tip（D）extra bonus49 The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.（A）promote（B）paint（C）produce（D）polish50 We're happy to report that business is booming this year.（A）failing（B）open（C）successful（D）risky五、PartⅢ Cloze50 Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, after heart disease. In the past, it was often considered a death sentence. But many patients now live longer 【C1】______of improvements in discovery and treatment.Researchers say death【C2】______in the United States from all cancers combined have fallen for thirty years. Survival rates have increased for most of the top fifteen cancers in both men and women, and for cancers in【C3】______.The National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studied the number of cancer survivors. A cancer survivor is defined【C4】______anyone who has been found to have cancer. This would include current patients. The study covered the period from 1971 to 2001. The researchers found there are three 【C5】______as many cancer survivors today as there were thirty years ago. In 1971, the United States had about threemillion cancer survivors. Today there are about tenmillion.The study also found that 64% of adults with cancer can expect to still be【C6】______in five years. Thirty years ago, the five-year survival rate was 50%. The government wants to【C7】______the five-year survival rate to 70% by 2010.The risk of cancer increases with age. The report says the majority of survivors are 65 years and older.But it says medical improvements have also helped children with cancer live【C8】______longer. Researchers say 80% of children with cancer will survive at least five years after the discovery. About 75% will survive at【C9】______ten years. In the 1970s, the five-year survival rate for children was about 50%. In the 1960s, most children did not survive cancer. Researchers say they expect more improvements in cancertreatment in the future. In fact, they say traditional cancer-prevention programs are not enough anymore. They say public health programs should also aim to support the【C10】______numbers of cancer survivors and their families.51 【C1】（A）owing（B）because（C）regardless（D）due52 【C2】（A）opportunities（B）results（C）orders（D）rates53 【C3】（A）men（B）women（C）children（D）people 54 【C4】（A）as （B）by （C）at （D）for55 【C5】（A）numbers （B）periods （C）times （D）rounds 56 【C6】（A）strong （B）alive （C）healthy （D）happy（A）fix （B）lower （C）study （D）increase 58 【C8】（A）very （B）fairly （C）much （D）more 59 【C9】（A）little （B）least （C）less （D）better 60 【C10】（B）growing（C）fixed（D）mixed六、PartⅣ Reading Comprehension60 In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia, one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train. One of the looters, Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera and snatches it. "Am I in this?" he asks, before smashing it open. To the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, "He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks you're a kind of thief."As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic. The "ignorant natives" may have had a point. When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts. But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographers sought "pure" pictures of "primitive" cultures, routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress. They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for veracity. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North American Indians, for example, got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915 — even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. For instance, National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures. As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white, middle-class American conventions. While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white women's breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or disturb, such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure to conform with the society's stated pledge topresent only "kindly" visions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of "an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict."Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice off anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.61 What's the main idea of the passage?（A）Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners' perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values.（B）There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples.（C）Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.（D）Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures, compromising the truthfulness of their pictures.62 We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often______.（A）took pictures with the natives（B）gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands（C）ask for pictures from the natives（D）gave the natives clocks and Western dresses63 The author mentions the movie Lawrence of Arabia to______.（A）show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.（B）illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues.（C）show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.（D）show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.64 "But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back." In this sentence, the "one culture that stares back" refers to______.（A）the indigenous culture（B）the Western culture（C）the academic culture（D）the news business culture65 With which of the following statements would Catherine Lutz most probably agree?（A）Reporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modern elements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.（B）The primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western culture.（C）The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies.（D）People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.65 Having a few too many drinks can mean more than just a blackout or a bad hangover. People who engage in binge drinking are courting danger, experts warn.Binge drinking is most common at colleges and universities, where many adults treat drinking to excess as a rite of passage. A 1997 study from the Harvard School of Public Health reports that 42.7% of all college students engage in binge drinking. The well-publicized deaths of several college students from binge drinking in 1997 highlights the risks.An 18-year-old freshman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology drank himself into a coma and died. A 20-year-old fraternity pledge at Louisiana State University died from alcohol poisoning."Alcohol is always toxic. It's really a poison," said Steven Schandler, professor of psychology at Chapman University and chief of addiction research at the Long Beach Veterans Affairs Health Care System, who added that binge drinking can lead to alcohol poisoning. "Because it's a poison, like any other poison, if you take in a little bit, you might tolerate it, but if you take in a lot, you might die."Administrators and doctors say that college freshmen are especially at risk for alcohol poisoning, in part because they often lack the maturity to refrain or stop. And for some who may be new to drinking, their bodies have a relatively low tolerance for alcohol.But problems with alcohol aren't limited to teenagers and young adults. A 39-year-old Buena Park man recently recalled that two days of steady imbibing on a trip to Las Vegas several years ago left him in bad shape.Doctors say blood alcohol levels of about 4%— five times the legal intoxication limit of 0.8%—can induce potentially lethal side effects in most people. Alcoholics have higher limits. Although not well understood, enzymes that break down and expel alcohol in the liver and kidneys do so more effectively in seasoned drinkers, allowing them to tolerate more, Schandler said.Regardless of a person's tolerance, alcohol exerts its influence when the amount of alcohol taken in exceeds the amount that the body can digest. At that point, alcohol passes from the bloodstream into the brain and begins its attack. Alcohol first affects the brain's cortex, which controls more sophisticated thought processes. That's why people generally become less inhibited under the influence of alcohol, and some are more willing to try things that could be dangerous to themselves or others.Coordination, mainly controlled by the cerebellum, is the next to go, leading to slurred speech and difficulty walking in a straight line. As excessive drinking continues, alcohol moves deeper into the brain until "it gets to the very basic structure of the brain stem that affects things like respiration and heart beat," said Dr. Bret Ginther, an assistant clinical professor of emergency medicine at UC Irvine.At that point, people may pass out or fall into a coma. Their vital signs may weaken. "The most common cause of death from alcohol poisoning is respiratory arrest," said Ginther. Eventually, the heart simply stops. Getting to that point is fairly unusual. But Ginther said that at least once or twice a month, patients are brought into the emergency room at UCI Medical Center in Orange suffering from alcohol poisoning.College officials say they are always on the lookout for alcohol abuse but say there is no fail-safe method to keep students from drinking. Many colleges try to educate students, especially those caught drinking illegally or causing disruptions. The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention in Newton, Mass, advocates a community-based approach that includes administrators, faculty, police and businesses in the fight to curb binge drinking, in part by being on alert for people abusing alcohol. The center also stresses the importance of parental guidance and urges parents to have frank discussions with their children about excessive drinking.66 From the passage, we can learn that "binge drinking" is ______.（A）an excessive consumption of alcohol（B）drinking oneself into a coma（C）drinking poisonous alcohol（D）a kind of illegal drinking67 Why are college freshmen especially at risk for alcohol poisoning according to administrators and doctors?（A）Their bodies are not used to alcohol.（B）They can not refrain themselves.（C）They are under greater pressure.（D）Both A and B68 What can enzymes do when one is drunk?（A）They help drunken people survive when they take in more alcohol than tolerable. （B）They help people in coma regain consciousness.（C）They expel alcohol in the liver and kidneys.（D）They can make people stay conscious.69 Which of the following is TRUE?（A）College officials are aware of the seriousness of students' binge drinking but can not do anything.（B）College officials are taking measures to prevent binge drinking though without much success.（C）College officials think that they do not have any methods to stop students from drinking.（D）College officials just stand by without doing anything to the problem.70 Binge drinking may most seriously lead to ______.（A）death（B）craziness（C）disability（D）unconsciousness70 In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA)listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140years ago, today's people especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations-apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren't likely to get any taller. "In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level,we've pretty much gone as far as we can go," says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients-notably, protein-to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height-5'9" for men, 5'4" for women-hasn't really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. "There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism," says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident."71 Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to______.（A）illustrate the change of height of NBA players（B）show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.（C）compare different generations of NBA players（D）assess the achievements of famous NBA players72 Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text? （A）Genetic modification.（B）Natural environment.（C）Living standards.（D）Daily exercise.73 On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree? （A）Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.（B）Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.（C）Americans are the tallest on average in the world.（D）Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.74 We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future______.（A）the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size（B）the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged（C）genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen（D）the existing data of human height will still be applicable75 The text intends to tell us that______.（A）the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern（B）human height is becoming even more predictable（C）Americans have reached their genetic growth limit（D）the genetic pattern of Americans has altered75 Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report "Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions."Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of "paralysis by analysis". To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research but research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.76 An argument made by supporters of smoking was that______.（A）there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death （B）the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant （C）people had the freedom to choose their own way of life（D）antismoking people were usually talking nonsense77 According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as______.（A）a protector（B）a judge（C）a critic（D）a guide78 What does the author mean by "paralysis by analysis"(Last line, paragraph 4)? （A）Endless studies kill action.（B）Careful investigation reveals truth.（C）prudent planning hinders.（D）Extensive research helps decision-making.79 According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?。

医学考博英语考试题型及命题趋势趋势分析-育明考博

医学考博英语考试题型及命题趋势趋势分析医学考博英语考生在考试前一定要透彻了解考试题型，掌握考试题型对复习备考也有很大帮助。

根据最新颁布的《全国医学博士外语统一考试英语考试大纲》和历年真题可以分析出，该考试非常正规化和标准化，试卷结构近10年来几乎没有变动，一直是原有的5大题型、原有的分值比例及考试时间。

以下是环球卓越对医学考博英语考试的5大题型趋势分析。

Ⅰ.听力理解(Listening Comprehension)趋势分析：语速在加快，对话的回合数在增加，加强了短对话的理解难度。

听力分成两部分：Section A和Section B。

答题时间共30分钟。

Section A：简短对话(Short Conversations)简短对话旨在测试考生的英语听力，要求考生在听完每个对话之后，根据内容(一般含有医学内容)在12秒钟内对每个问题后面的四个选项作出正确选择，每个对话及提问只读一遍。

本部分共15小题，编号为1～15，每题1分，共15分。

Section B：长对话及短文(Longer Conversations and Talks)本部分由一篇长对话和两篇短文组成，旨在测试考生对英语篇章和听力理解的把握。

本部分考试的特点是多少都含有与医学相关的内容或题材。

根据对以往历年真题的分析，医学题材的内容占比大概为1/3，近几年的试题中都有两个短文与医学有关。

本部分共15小题，编号为16～30，每题1分，共15分。

（ＰＳ：The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba ;QQ:wu si qi ling liu san ba liu er）Ⅱ.词语用法趋势分析：(育明考博：qq547063862)词汇量在明显增加，难度加大。

该部分分为词汇填充题和同义词替换两部分，医学词汇不会作为考点但可能会影响到考生对句子的理解和对答案的选择。

医学考博英语模拟试题及详解(二)【圣才出品】

医学考博英语模拟试题及详解（二）Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question aboutwhat is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choosethe best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Now let’s begin wi th question Number 1.1.A. To gasp for breath.B. He has 14 steps climb.C. His bed is upstairs.D. He can’t lift.【答案】A【解析】细节记忆题，问为什么这个男士要在上楼睡觉的路上停下来。

从这个题的选项中很难找到比较有意义的暗示或高频词。

所以，这个题实际是考对原文的记忆。

在对话的一开头女士就说了这个男士有呼吸困难的问题。

其余选项显然不合乎题意。

【录音原文】W: Well, your main trouble is shortness of breath? How bad is it?M: I’ve got about 14 steps to go up to bed and I’ve got to stop on the landing.I haven’t been able to work for two years. I’m lucky I have two sons to helpme. I can’t lift.W: Why does the man pause on his way to bed?2. A. The paperback book is on sale.B. Both book editions cost the same.C. The hardcover book is a better quality, so it costs more.D. The books are different, but the covers are the same.【答案】B【解析】这道题考语义。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：65

2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题21-25问题1选项A.The cause of COPD.B.Harmful effects of smoking.C.D.B.Harmful effects of smoking.C.D.B.Harmful effects of smoking.C.Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D.Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.问题2选项A.954B.955C.1909D.1955问题3选项A.On May 18 in San Diego.B.On May 25 in San Diego.C.On May 18 in San Francisco.D.On May 25 in San Francisco.问题4选项A.When smoking exposure is high.B.When smoking exposure is low.C.When the subjects received medication.D.When the subjects stopped smoking.25.问题5选项A.Hormone differences in men and women.B.Genetic differences between men and women.C.Women’s active metabolic rate.D.Women’s smaller airways.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】(21) Woman may be more susceptible to the lung-damaging effect to smoking than men, according to new research by Inga-Cecilie Soerheim, M.D., and her colleagues from Chiming Laboratory, Brigham and Women Hospital and University of Bergen Norway. (22) They analyzed the data from the Norwegian case control study, including 954 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD慢性阻塞性肺疾病)and 955 controls, all the current or ex-smokers. And COPD subject had moderate or severe COPD. Overall analysis indicated the women may be more vulnerable to the effect to smoking, which is something previously suspected but not proven, said Dr.Soerheim. (23) The study results would be presented on May 18, at the 105th international conference of American society in San Diego. Examining the total study sample, there were no gender differences with respect to lung function (FEVI) and COPD severity, but the women were on average younger and had smoked significantly less than men. To explore these differences further; they also analyzed two subgroups of the study sample: COPD subjects under the age of 60 (early onset group) and COPD subjects with less than 20pack year of smoking (low exposure group). In both subgroups, women had more severe disease and greater impairment of lung function than men.“This means that female smokers in our study experienced reduced lung function at a l ower level of smoking exposure and at an earlier age than men," said Dr. Soerheim.It has long been suspected that the effect of smoking on lung function may be modified by gender. Interaction analysis confirmed that being female represents a higher risk of reduced lung function and severe COPD, (24) but this gender effect of was most pronounced when the level of smoking exposure was low.The gender difference in COPD susceptibility seems to be most important when smoking exposure is low. Women may tolerate small amounts of tobacco worse than men,” Dr. Soerheim explained.According to Dr. Soerheim, the reason why women may be more susceptible to the effects of cigarette smoke is still unknown, but there are several possible explanations: (25) “Women have small airways, therefore each cigarettes may be more harm. Also there are gender differences in the metabolism of cigarette smoke, genes and hormones could also be important.”21. What’s the most likely the topic of this talk?【解析】从短文录音的第一句便可知道答案：Woman may be more susceptible to the lung damaging effect to smoking than men。

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医学考博公共英语模拟卷二B.Had conferences with some students.C.Returned the topic papers to her students.D.Realized their research papers are due in six weeks.27.A.A recent textbook assignment.B.Requirements for the final examination.C.Choosing research topics.D.Preparing an outline for a paper.28. A.Immediately.B.The following week.C.In two weeks.D.At the end of the semester.29. A.To present final papers. B.To give a model of outline style.C.To discuss the preliminary outline.D.To discuss final grades.30. A.With a thesis statement. B.With a list of references.C.With a summary of the conference.D.With the student’s name.Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases,marked A,B,C and D,are given beneath each of them.You are to choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then,mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.The fact is,doctor,I just can’t_____this dreadful cough.A.get out ofB.get rid ofC.get down toD.get round to32.After eight hours at the wheel of the lorry,the driver wasbeginning to feel the_______.A.nervousnessB.tensionC.strainD.extension33.The Chinese government is determined to____the established policy of developingagriculture.A.go afterB.go byC.go aheadD.go on34.The Manager has asked to see the sales_____resulting from our recent advertising campaign.A.numbersB.figuresC.amountsD.quantities35.The local medical officer reported a serious_____of food-poisoning.A.stateB.incidentC.outbreakD.event36.They didn’t know how to put in a central-heating system,but they managed it by trial and_____.A.blunderB.slipC.errorD.mistake37.I was going to say something about the matter;but_____I gave it up.A.on second thoughtsB.on the wholeC.at the thought ofD.on second thought38.Even if it is a cold day,I think cool water looks_______.A.invitingB.distastefulC.disgustingD.repulsive39.The man’s face was_______from his infected tooth despite his visit to the dentist.A.bulgingB.swollenC.dilatedD.expanded40.Similar ethical questions______as advances are made in such areas as organ transplant andfetal in utero surgery.A.appealB.ariseC.arouseD.abuse（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu）Section BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four other words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41.Many people came to donate blood of their own accord.A.willinglyB.for their own sakeC.of their ownD.without the help of others42.When natural gas burns,the hydrocarbon molecules break upinto atoms of carbon and hydrogen.A.contractB.vaporizeC.collideD.separate43.The outlook for the patient will be further aggravated by any associated hypertensive process.A.destroyedB.worsenedC.aggrievedplicated44.In the system of ethics known as utilitarianism,the rightness or wrongness of an action isjudged by its consequences.A.costB.necessityC.resultsD.relevance45.The pilot made one last frantic distress call before he bailed out.A.littleB.desperateC.routineD.futile46.At the magnificent banquet a new intoxicating drink was introduced which aroused great interest among the guests.A.appetizingB.coolingC.warmingD.stimulating47.The number of hours that have intervened between the accident and operation is a crucial factor.A.interferedB.interlacedC.interposedD.interlinked48.“Suffocation”dreams are concerned with the breathing difficulties of a heavy cold.A.suffusingB.sufferingC.cutting offD.choking49.We hope this radio will help overcome the tedium felt during your stay in the hospital.A.painB.lonelinessC.boredomD.nervousness50.He is not yet well enough to dispense with the doctor’s services.A.give heed toB.pay no attention toC.do away withD.do withoutPart IV Cloze(10%)Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D listed below.Choose the correct answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.In former times,doctors in Taiwan,who were considered saviors, were greatly admired.This is not only because they were able to51 sick people of their pain and save their lives,but also because they demonstrated an52willingness to help the sick.However,now in this industrial world,people are53to chase material possessions.This is true54doctors,too.The high income of doctors is the55of other people.Many high school graduates are eager to get into medical colleges,and countless girls consider doctors to be their best choiceof husbands.For many years the public has56that doctors in public hospitals demand money from inpatients.The amount of money the patients give determines the kind of57they receive.It has also been said that a large pharmaceutical factory set up by U.S.investors declared that it would stop giving kickbacks(回扣)to doctors58the factory has spent too much money59sales over the years.This declaration has caused quite a stir in our society.We wonder60the officials who have denied the dealings mentioned above will say about this.51.A.releaseB.relieveC.depriveD.reduce52A.admirableB.advisableC.appreciableD. acceptable53.A.tendedB.opposedC.inclinedD.persuaded54.A.withB.for C.toD.of55.A.hatredB.prideC.envyD.disgust56.A.chargedB.accusedC.b rmationB.treatmentC.adviceD.interpreta-tion58.A.ifB.asC.thoughD.when59.A.promotingB.contributingC.manipu latingD.inducing60.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。