Adverbial clauses状语从句
Adverbial Clause
Types of Adverbial Clause
Adverbial Clause of Time Adverbial Clause of Condition Adverbial Clause of Cause/Reason Adverbial Clause of Concession Adverbial Clause of Manner Others
eg.
1.Although (he is) very young, he works as hard as an adult. 2.The child is never peevish unless (he is) sick.
3. Adverbial clause of Cause/Reason
常用引导词： since, as, because, in that
whether or not 可表示选择条件句
eg.
1. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting
provided you don’t mind taking the night train.
2. Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary
eg.
1. Everything happened as expected. 2. Reading is to the mind what /as exercise is to the body. 3. The way you are studying now, you won’t make much progress.
eg.
1. The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm. 2. Immediately his intentions are understood, he may leave.
状语从句Adverbial-clauses
as引导的时间状语从句中的动词既可以是延续 性的（此时as=when /while)也可以是瞬 间性的（此时as=when ) ；表示一个较长 的时间背景。如：
As / When they opened the door , Marie said ,”Don’t light the lamp, look!”
I’ll give him your message the minute he arrives.
“一…就…”之no sooner… than…, hardly/ scarcely/ barely…when…
从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
当no sooner, hardly/ scarcely/ barely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
law. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。
地点状语从句也可以由anywhere, everywhere引导.
I’ll take you anywhere you like.
Everywhere he goes, he is warmly welcomed.
原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as , now that ,considering等
because, since, as的区别:
because—直接原因 – 通常放句首．译为“既然”
as– 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。
I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.
昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。
我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。 I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off. No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.
语法复习Adverbial Clauses(状语从句)
VII. until (till) (up to the time that) 1)He will not go to bed until(till) his mother comes. 2)Until she told me, I had no idea of what they had said. 3)It is not until his mother comes home that he will go to bed.(强调结构）
II.since 1)Since you are ill, you’d better go to see the doctor. 2)Since you do not understand, I will explain again. III.as 1)As she was late for class, she had to say sorry. 2)As Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others.
2.They must stay in school by the time _________they are sixteen. before 3.Take the medicine _________you go to bed.
until 4.I knew nothing about it _______he told me.
Adverbial Clauses -语法要点
• 状语可用来修饰谓语动词、形容词、整个 句子等等，状语主要由副词或与之相当的 其他词类、短语或从句担任，下面主要讲 述状语语从句，及状语从句中的注意事项。
Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:
状语从句Adverbial Clauses
间
状
语
从
句
Mr. Thompson is going to sell it because it because 用来回答 why 的 is haunted.L47 问题，语气最强一般放在 问题， 主句之后 Since light travels faster than sound, since 表示既然或全已知 people appear bright until you hear them 的理由,稍加分析即可表明 的理由 稍加分析 稍加分析即可表明 speak. 的原因,多放句首 的原因 多放句首
that
目 的 状 语 从 句
I shall write down your telephone number 目 的 状 语 从 句 中 常 用 that I may not forget. 情态动词 may (might) 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。 can (could) ,should 等 We’ll tell you the truth so that you can 放在动词之前，从句往 放在动词之前， so that 往放在主句之后， judge for yourself. 往放在主句之后，主从 我把真实情况告诉你， 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判 句 之 间 不 用 任 何 标 点 符号 断。 in order They worked harder than usual in order that that they could finish the work ahead of time . 他们比往常更加努力工作， 他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完 lest = for 成工作。 成工作。 fear that Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold. 多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。 多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。 so that We turned up the radio, so that everyone so that 前有逗号为结果 heard the news. 状语从句。 状语从句。 我们把收音机的音量放大， 我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了 so…that 的 so 后面跟形 … 新闻。 容词或副词。 新闻。 容词或副词。 so…that The ball struck him so hard that he … nearly fell into the water.L30 … The men got such a fright that they such…that 的 such 后面 … dropped the bag and ran away.L44 跟名词， 跟名词，如果名词是单 It is such an interesting novel that all of us 数就要用 such a /an… … want to read it. that 还可以转换用 so… … It is so interesting a novel that all of us that，语气较强 ， want to read it. 这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。 这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。 例 句 说 明
Adverbial Clauses(状语从句)
c.在because引导的从句中，如果主句为否定句，而 主句和后面的从句之间又没有逗号分开，这时not 修饰的是后面的整个从句。 The machine did not stop because the fuel was used up. You should not despise a man because he is poor. 如果主句和从句之间用逗号分开，那么意思就 不同了。 I was not kind to him, because he was rude.
3)某些表示时间的名词短语引导的时间状语从句 某些表示时间的名词词组如: the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the year, any time, last (first) time, next time, each time, every time等也可用来引导 时间状语从句。 Every time I met him, I found him to be taller. You can call me any time you want to. The last time I went to the United States, I visited many cities. The instant the result came out, she told us. The moment he saw me, he turned pale.
b.在since引导的时间状语从句中，从句通常 用过去式，主句则要用完成时。 She has never called on me since she moved to the country. 注：当since作副词或介词用时，谓语动 词也通常用现在完成式。 His first book was a great success and he has been famous as a writer ever since. I have been in the business since 1988
状语从句
8.由as long as和so long as 引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示 “有多久……就多久”，通常译为“只 要”。 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回 来就行。 You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。
7.由each time, every time和whenever Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。 Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie. 每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想 他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
I worked until he came back. 我工作到他回来为止。 I didn't work until he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性 的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下， 从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓 语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋ since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 I have been in Beijing since you left. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.
Adverbial_Clause
语从句。 as还用于原因状语从句，比较状语从句，方
式状语从句及让步状语从句的倒装句等。
after, before
after和before表示主从句的谓语动词有明显的时间先后发生。 e.g. She had two hours to kill before she could be
since还用于原因状语从句。
since
若主句表示“已经有……时间”时，可以用 一般时。即： It is + (一段时间) + since + (一般过去时) It was + (一段时间) + since + (过去完成时)
e.g. How long is it since you were in London? It was years since we had met last.
when从句中的谓语动词可以是表示瞬间的，如get up, arrive, etc.，且主从句的动作可以表示短暂的 时间差。
when与be about to do连用时，表示“刚要…… 就……”
此外，while还可以引导让步状语从句和对比状语 从句。
as 表示“当……”，“随着……”
表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生，可以与 when替换。(不作重点)
C. when
D. until
9. ___ time goes by, the mobile has become essential part of every
youngster’s life.
A. When B. With
C. As
D. While
Adverbialclause状语从句概要
4. I left immediately the clock struck 5.
5. On hearing the news, he cried.
6. On his arrival at the classroom, the teacher came in .
7. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。 如：
We waited until/till he came. 2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为
肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：
He won’t go to bed till/until she returns. 3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：
状语从句
1. 概念 ： 在句中作状语用的从句叫状语从句。
2. 作用： 状语从句可修饰谓语、非谓 语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
3. 引导词 ：引导状语从句的一般为连 词，也可有词组。
4. 位置 ： 状语从句可以在句首，也可在句中 或句末。
5. 分类： 时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、 条件 、让步、方式、比较等九种。
一 、 时间状语从句
When 的用法
1. When 既可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引导 一个短暂性动作；既可引导时间点又可引导时间 段
时间段；延续性
I was thin when I was a child.
The film had been on when we arrived.
时间点；短暂性动作
• __C____ it is possible to test this medicine on
Adverbial Clauses 状语从句
Adverbial Clauses 状语从句1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（时间状语从句）2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason(原因状语从句）3.Adverbial Clauses of Conditions(条件状语从句）4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句）5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句）6.Adverbial Clauses of Result（结果状语从句）7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较）8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession(让步）9.Adverb Clauses of Manner(方式状语从句)目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.They set out early so that (in order that) they might arrive there in time.They set out early in order to (so as to) arrive there in time.结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so… that 或such…that引导; 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。
adverbial Clauses
4.目的状语从句
1．I’d like to arrive 20 minutes earlyD ____ I can have time for a cup of tea. (05 北京) A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 2. You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _____ you C have to wait. (05 广东) A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that
注意:由so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句常用
情态动词can / could, may/ might, should, won’t等; in case “以免，以防万一” ;so that引导状语从句不能放 句首 .
His plan was such a good one ____ we all C agreed to accept it. (06陕西 9) A. so B. and C. that D. as
2.地点状语从句
• I will go where he went.(特定地点） • I’ll go wherever he goes. (任意地点）
无论你去哪里都要遵守交通规则。
_________ you go, you must obey the traffic Wherever rules. No matter _______you go, you must obey the where
时间状语从句应注意的问题
(一) when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 1．表示动作的先后顺序，即某一动作发生之后，另
adverbial clause 状语从句的讲解及用法
Grammar：状语从句：Adverbial clause状语从句可分为时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果和比较等八种。
一．时间状语从句Adverbial clause of time常用连词：when, while, until, before, after, as soon as, since, as;every/each time, the first time, the moment等；immediately, directly, instantly等。
1. Could you ask her to ring me when she gets back?2. Children in the USA must stay in school until they are 16.3. Please let me know as soon as you get to Shanghai.4. Great changes have taken place in China since the People’s Republic of China was founded.5. Every time I saw her, I felt very happy.要点：when while as 的运用当从句中的谓语动词是持续性的动作时,我们可以用while, when或as。
1). While / When / As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car infront of the bank.2).When强调特定时间，动词为瞬间动词; 还表示“正在那时”, 只能用when.I was making a telephone call when a friend of mine came in.3). While 强调一段时间，从句中动词必须是持续性动词, 多为进行时态; “然而”我在读小说而她在看电视。
什么是目的状语从句
什么是目的状语从句？目的状语从句（Adverbial Clauses of Purpose）是一种从属从句，用于描述一个事件或行为的目的或意图。
目的状语从句通常由目的连词引导，例如in order to（为了）、so that（以便）、for the purpose of（为了）、to（为了）等。
目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，以提供更多关于事件发生目的的信息。
以下是一些目的状语从句的例子：- I am studying hard in order to pass the exam.（我努力学习为了通过考试。
）- She bought a new dress so that she could wear it to the party.（她买了一条新裙子，以便在派对上穿着。
）- We went to the supermarket for the purpose of buying groceries.（我们去超市是为了买食品杂货。
）- He took a break to relax.（他休息一下以便放松。
）目的状语从句用于描述事件发生的目的或意图，帮助我们更准确地表达行为的目的，使句子更加具体和清晰。
目的状语从句可以用于各种语境，如日常交流、写作、商务谈判等。
需要注意的是，目的状语从句在语法结构和使用规则上可能有所差异。
例如，一些目的连词只能用于表示目的或意图，如in order to（为了）；而其他目的连词则可以表示目的或意图以及其他关系，如so that（以便）。
因此，在使用目的状语从句时，应注意选择合适的目的连词并遵循相应的语法规则。
总之，目的状语从句是一种用于描述事件发生目的或意图的从属从句。
它们通过目的连词引导，提供了关于事件发生目的的更多信息。
理解和正确使用目的状语从句对于准确表达和理解行为的目的是非常重要的。
状语从句 英语
状语从句英语英语中的状语从句（AdverbialClauses）是一种复合句，语法上可以分为状语性从句和从句状语。
前者是由状语来引导的从句，其句子结构是“主句+状语从句”，而后者则指状语从句中的状语作用。
状语从句在英语中的使用非常普遍，它们可以用来描述时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、比较和强调等。
一般来说，英语中主要有八种语法结构可以用来构成状语从句，它们分别是when, while, since, if, unless, after, although, as。
其中，when状语从句用来表示时间，while状语从句表示转折或对比，since状语从句表示原因，if状语从句表示条件，unless状语从句则是将if状语从句的否定意义变成肯定意义，after状语从句表示时间先后，although状语从句表示转折，as状语从句可以表示时间、原因、结果等各种状语作用。
状语从句中的关键词（例如when, while, if）称为状语从句的关联词，它们可以给状语从句定义特定的意思，因此在英语句子中状语从句的关键词（关联词）也是至关重要的。
例如：He called me as soon as he arrived.这句话中，as soon as是一个状语从句，它表示到达后不久就打来了电话，因此，其中的关键词as soon as是这个句子的关联词，它起到了定义这个句子的意思的重要作用。
除了关键词（关联词）之外，状语从句中的动词也同样起着重要的作用。
根据句法规律，状语从句中的动词主要分为持续性动词（如be, stay, live）和瞬时性动词（如come, do, get）。
持续性动词则指表示某种状态或结果的动词，它们在状语从句中表示永久性的描述；而瞬时性动词则指表示某种动作的动词，它们在状语从句中表示一次性的动作或行为。
例如：He went to school while it was raining.这句话中，while it was raining是一个状语从句，它表示的意思是“下着雨的时候他去上学了”，而其中的动词was raining是一个持续性动词，它表示的是下着雨的情况持续到了他去上学的那一刻。
Adverbial clauses状语从句
16
4.1 Unless的用法
• unless 相当于 if…not，意思是“除非…”“如果
不…就…”。 • unless从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，从句中 的主语和谓语(或一部分)有时可省略 eg. Unless (he is) in uniform, he doesn’t look like a policeman． • unless引导的条件状语从句,用一般现在时代替将 来时。 eg. Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.
Wherever she goes, there are always crowds of people waiting to see her.
12
（3）adverbial clause of cause 原因状语从句
• 常用的关连词有:because, as, since, now that, for, 和 considering that, seeing that……，这些连词在语气上依次一个比一 个弱。 eg. Now that the rain is going to stop, we’d better get ready for the afternoon’s match . （Now that引出的从句表示“新出现的 情况”）
Lesson 6 Adverbial Clause状语从句
if作“假如，如果”是引导条件状语从句，作“是否”是引导宾语从句。
小试牛刀
1. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him.
A. both…and
B. either…or
B. C. not only…but also
D. neither…nor
6._____ Australia is very large, the population is quite small.
A. But
B. Or
C. If
D. Though
小试牛刀
D. but
从属连词的分类
用来引导连接主句和从句的连词。 分为引导名词性从句的连词和引导状语从句的连词。
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动
词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
时间状语从句 结果状语从句
原因状语从句 条件状语从句
地点状语从句 让步状语从句
目的状语从句 比较状语从句
其他并列连词
but
however
e.g. (他努力工作，但以失败告终。) He worked hard, ___b_u_t_ he failed at last. He worked hard. __H_o_w_e_v_e_r_, he failed at last.
区别: but 后没有逗号，直接连接分句; however 后有逗号相隔，可放句末。
小试牛刀
adverbial clauses
•
•
他在旅途中参观了许多地方。
3.as在。。。的同时；一边。。。一边。。。
•
He smiled as he stood up.
• 他一边站起来一边笑着 4.after在。。。之后 • • He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day. 前几天做完作业之后回的家。
• 5.before 在。。。之前
• • Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
• 6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。 • • • • We began to work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那就开始工作。 I will write to you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你写信。
•
• While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并 强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。 并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： • While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词， was reading和was watching同时发生)
as ,when, while的辨析
• as， when， while都表示主、从句动作同时 发生，三者差异如下： 表示“一边。。。一边＂的意思
as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 用于发生时间较短时
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什么是条件状语从句
什么是条件状语从句？条件状语从句（Adverbial Clauses of Condition）是一种从属从句，用于描述一个事件或行为的条件。
条件状语从句通常由条件连词引导，例如if（如果）、unless（除非）、provided that （只要）、in case（万一）等。
条件状语从句用于表达一个条件，指示事件发生的前提或限制。
以下是一些条件状语从句的例子：- If it rains, we will stay indoors.（如果下雨，我们会呆在室内。
）- He won't pass the exam unless he studies hard.（除非他努力学习，否则他不会通过考试。
）- Provided that you finish your work, you can go out and play.（只要你完成了工作，你就可以出去玩。
）- Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.（带把雨伞以防下雨。
）条件状语从句用于描述事件发生的条件或限制，帮助我们更准确地表达事件发生的前提条件。
它们可以用于各种语境，如日常交流、写作、演讲等。
需要注意的是，条件状语从句在语法结构和使用规则上可能有所差异。
例如，if通常用于表示真实条件，而unless表示否定条件，provided that表示假设条件，in case表示预防性条件。
因此，在使用条件状语从句时，应注意选择合适的条件连词并遵循相应的语法规则。
总之，条件状语从句是一种用于描述事件发生条件或限制的从属从句。
它们通过条件连词引导，提供了关于事件发生条件的更多信息。
理解和正确使用条件状语从句对于准确表达和理解事件发生的条件是非常重要的。
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many beautiful songs.
三、让步状语从句
C. Nobody wants a broken dictionary,
no matter how \ however cheap ______________________________
it is.（无论多么便宜）
四、结果状语从句
副 so是_______ 词，修饰形容词或副词，such 形容 是_________ 词，修饰名词。但名词被
3. Write it down before you forget it. 趁你还没忘记把它写下。
二、条件状语从句
时间 状语从句中要 在条件状语从句和________ 一般现在 时表___________ 一般将来 时；用 用___________
一般过去时表过去将来时；用现在完成时
表将来完成时。
一、时间状语从句:
A. 小提示: when \ while 都可以引导时间
状语从句，when引导的从句既可用延 续性动词也可用非延续性动词，但 延续性 动词。 while引导的从句必须用_______
一、时间状语从句:
B. 小提示：hardly…when… 和 no
sooner… than 出现的句子中主句要 过去完成 用___________ 时态，从句要用一般
6. We all tried hard to hold the Olympic Games so that it ended as a success. so that 结果状语从句 7. Mr. Smith speaks as loud as he can in order that he can be heard by everyone. in order that 目的状语从句 8. You can use my computer on condition that you don’t play games. on condition that 条件状语从句 9. There will be more difficulties than we expect. than 比较状语从句
Adverbial clauses
1. Although they are poor, (yet) they are warmhearted. although 让步状语从句 2. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. until \ while 时间状语从句 3. Make a mark wherever you have a question. wherever 地点状语从句 4. He won’t come to the party because he is so busy. because 原因状语从句 5. He speaks English as if he were an Englishman. as if 方式状语从句
过去时； 当hardly和no soone、时间状语从句:
完成 时态。 C. since出现的句子主句要用_______
It is + 段时间+ since 从句（该从句用 一般过去 时态） ___________ It was + 短时间+since 从句 (该从句用 过去完成 时态) ___________
三、让步状语从句
A. though 和although引导的让步状语
从句能 \不能和but 连用. 不能 as though he is, he is B. Old ________\_________
active. _________________ Child as \ though he is, he can sing
has been
had been
一、时间状语从句:
D.我还没来得及和他打招呼他就离开了。 1. He left immediately before I could say hello to him.
2. It will be 3 months before we meet 还要再过三个月我们才能再次相见。 again.
_________________ many\ much\ few\ little（少）修饰时要 用______. such 修饰单数名词是语序是 so
such + a\ an + 形容词 + 单数名词，而so +
形容词 冠词 单数名词。 ________+ _______+