数学符号英文表示
数学符号
、希腊字母：α——阿尔法β——贝塔γ——伽马Δ——德尔塔ξ——可sei ψ——可赛ω——奥秘噶μ——米哟λ——南木打σ——西格玛τ——套φ——fai2、数学运算符：∑—连加号∏—连乘号∪—并∩—补∈—属于∵—因为∴—所以√—根号‖—平行⊥—垂直∠—角⌒—弧⊙—圆∝—正比于∞—无穷∫—积分≈—约等≡—恒等3、三角函数：sin—赛因cos—考赛因tan—叹近体cot—考叹近体sec—赛看近体csc —考赛看近体序号大写小写英文注音国际音标注音中文注音1 Α α alpha a:lf 阿尔法2 Β β beta bet 贝塔3 Γ γ gamma ga:m 伽马4 Δ δ delta delt 德尔塔5 Ε ε epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙6 Ζ ζ zeta zat 截塔7 Η η eta eit 艾塔8 Θ θ thet θit 西塔9 Ι ι iot aiot 约塔10 Κ κ k appa kap 卡帕11 Λ λ lambda lambd 兰布达12 Μ μ mu mju 缪13 Ν ν nu nju 纽14 Ξ ξ xi ksi 克西15 Ο ο omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 Π π pi pai 派17 Ρ ρ rho rou 肉18 Σ σ sigma `sigma 西格马19 Τ τ tau tau 套20 Υ υ upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙21 Φ φ phi fai 佛爱22 Χ χ c hi phai 西23 Ψ ψ psi psai 普西24 Ω ω omega o`miga 欧米伽希腊字母的正确读法是什么？1 Α α alpha a:lf 阿尔法2 Β β beta bet 贝塔3 Γ γ gamma ga:m 伽马4 Δ δ delta delt 德尔塔5 Ε ε epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙6 Ζ ζ zeta zat 截塔7 Η η eta eit 艾塔8 Θ θ thet θit 西塔9 Ι ι iot aiot 约塔10 Κ κ kappa kap 卡帕11 ∧λ lambda lambd 兰布达12 Μ μ mu mju 缪13 Ν ν nu nju 纽磁阻系数14 Ξ ξ xi ksi 克西15 Ο ο omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 ∏ π pi pai 派17 Ρ ρ rho rou 肉18 ∑ σ sigma `sigma 西格马19 Τ τ tau tau 套20 Υ υ upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙21 Φ φ phi f ai 佛爱22 Χ χ chi phai 西23 Ψ ψ psi psai 普西角速；24 Ω ω omega o`miga 欧米伽希腊字母读法Αα：阿尔法AlphaΒβ：贝塔BetaΓγ：伽玛GammaΔδ：德尔塔DelteΕε：艾普西龙Epsilonζ ：捷塔ZetaΖη：依塔EtaΘθ：西塔ThetaΙι：艾欧塔IotaΚκ：喀帕Kappa∧λ：拉姆达LambdaΜμ：缪MuΝν：拗NuΞξ：克西XiΟο：欧麦克轮Omicron∏π：派PiΡρ：柔Rho∑σ：西格玛SigmaΤτ：套TauΥυ：宇普西龙UpsilonΦφ：fai PhiΧχ：器ChiΨψ：普赛PsiΩω：欧米伽Omega数学符号大全2008年01月29日星期二 15:25因为自然科学的讨论经常要用到数学，但用文本方式只能表达L!t d5w x r ^ |$s Y 左右结构的数学公式，上下结构、根式、指数等都很难表达。
数学符号[宝典]
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1、希腊字母：α——阿尔法β——贝塔γ——伽马Γ——德尔塔μ——可sei ψ——可赛ω——奥秘噶κ——米哟ι——南木打ζ——西格玛η——套θ——fai2、数学运算符：ⅲ—连加号ⅱ—连乘号ⅻ—并ⅺ—补ⅰ—属于ⅿ—因为ⅾ—所以ⅳ—根号‖—平行—垂直ⅶ—角—弧↋—圆ⅴ—正比于ⅵ—无穷ⅼ—积分Ↄ—约等ↆ—恒等3、三角函数：sin—赛因cos—考赛因tan—叹近体cot—考叹近体sec—赛看近体csc —考赛看近体序号大写小写英文注音国际音标注音中文注音1 Α α alpha a:lf 阿尔法2 Β β beta bet 贝塔3 Γ γ gamma ga:m 伽马4 Γ δ delta delt 德尔塔5 Δ ε epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙6 Ε δ zeta zat 截塔7 Ζ ε eta eit 艾塔8 Θ ζ thet ζit 西塔9 Η η iot aiot 约塔10 Θ θ kappa kap 卡帕11 Ι ι lambda lambd 兰布达12 Κ κ mu mju 缪13 Λ λ nu n ju 纽14 Μ μ xi ksi 克西15 Ν ν omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 Ξ π pi pai 派17 Ο ξ rho rou 肉18 Π ζ sigma `sigma 西格马19 Ρ η tau tau 套20 υ upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙21 Φ θ phi fai 佛爱22 Σ χ chi phai 西23 Τ ψ psi psai 普西24 Υ ω omega o`miga 欧米伽希腊字母的正确读法是什么？1 Α α alpha a:lf 阿尔法2 Β β beta bet 贝塔3 Γ γ gamma ga:m 伽马4 Γ δ delta delt 德尔塔5 Δ ε epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙6 Ε δ zeta zat 截塔7 Ζ ε eta eit 艾塔8 Θ ζ thet ζit 西塔9 Η η iot aiot 约塔10 Κ θ kappa kap 卡帕11 ⅸι lambda lambd 兰布达12 Μ κ mu mju 缪13 Ν λ nu nju 纽磁阻系数14 Ξ μ xi ksi 克西15 Ο ν omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 ∏ π pi pai 派17 Ρ ξ rho rou 肉18 ∑ ζ sigma `sigma 西格马19 Σ η tau tau 套20 Τ υ upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙21 Φ θ phi fai 佛爱22 Υ χ chi phai 西23 Φ ψ psi psai 普西角速；24 Χ ω omega o`miga 欧米伽希腊字母读法Αα：阿尔法AlphaΒβ：贝塔BetaΓγ：伽玛GammaΓδ：德尔塔DelteΔε：艾普西龙Epsilonδ ：捷塔ZetaΕε：依塔EtaΘζ：西塔ThetaΗη：艾欧塔IotaΚθ：喀帕Kappaⅸι：拉姆达LambdaΜκ：缪MuΝλ：拗NuΞμ：克西XiΟν：欧麦克轮Omicron∏π：派PiΡξ：柔Rho∑ζ：西格玛SigmaΣη：套TauΤυ：宇普西龙UpsilonΦθ：fai PhiΥχ：器ChiΦψ：普赛PsiΧω：欧米伽Omega数学符号大全各种符号的英文读法'exclam'＝'!''at'＝'@''numbersign'＝'#''dollar'＝'$''percent'＝'%''caret'＝'^''ampersand'＝'&''asterisk'＝'*''parenleft'＝'(''parenright'＝')''minus'＝'-''underscore'＝'_''equal'＝'=''plus'＝'+''bracketleft'＝'''braceright'＝'}''semicolon'＝';''colon'＝':''quote'＝''''doublequote'＝'"''backquote'＝''''tilde'＝'~''backslash'＝'\''bar'＝'|''comma'＝',''less'＝'<''period'＝'.''greater'＝'>''slash'＝'/''question'＝'?''space'＝' '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~｡ hyphen 连字符' apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号— dash 破折号‘ ’single quotation marks 单引号“ ”double quotation m arks 双引号( ) parentheses 圆括号square brackets 方括号Angle bracket{} Brace《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号... ellipsis 省略号¨ tandem colon 双点号" ditto 同上‖ parallel 双线号／ virgule 斜线号＆ ampersand = and～ swung dash 代字号§ section; division 分节号Ⅾ arrow 箭号；参见号＋ plus 加号；正号－ minus 减号；负号ª plus or minus 正负号× is multiplied by 乘号÷ is divided by 除号＝ is equal to 等于号ↅ is not equal to 不等于号ↆ is equivalent to 全等于号ↄ is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号Ↄ is approximately equal to 约等于号＜ is less than 小于号＞ is more than 大于号↉ is not less than 不小于号↊ is not more than 不大于号ↇ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号ↈ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号％ per cent 百分之…‟ per mill 千分之…ⅵ infinity 无限大号ⅴ varies as 与…成比例ⅳ (square) root 平方根ⅿ since; b ecause 因为ⅾ hence 所以ↁ equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例ⅶ angle 角 semicircle 半圆↋ circle 圆◈ circumference 圆周π pi 圆周率△ triangle 三角形 perpendicular to 垂直于ⅻ union of 并，合集ⅺ intersection of 交，通集ⅼ the integral of …的积分ⅲ (sigma) summation of 总和© degree 度† minute 分‡ second 秒＃number …号‣ Celsius system 摄氏度＠ at 单价x'是x prime(比如转置矩阵)x"是x double-prime数学符号大全1 几何符号ⅷⅶ↋ↆↄ△‖2 代数符号ⅴⅸⅹ～ⅼↅↇↈↃⅵↀ3运算符号×÷ⅳª4集合符号ⅻⅺⅰⅰↇↈ⊆⊂5特殊符号ⅲπ（圆周率）6推理符号|a| ↂ△ⅶⅺⅻↅↆªↈↇⅰⅬⅭⅮⅯ↖↗↘↙ⅷⅸⅹ&; §←↑→↓↔↕↖↗ΓΓΘΛΞΟΠΦΥΦΧαβγδεδεζηθικλμνπξζηυθχψωⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫ﹪﹫ﹰﹱﹲﹳⅰⅱⅲ↚ⅳⅴⅵ↛ⅶ↜ⅷⅸⅹⅺⅻⅼⅽⅾⅿↀↁↂↃↄ↝ↅↆↇↈ↞↟↉↊？↋↠‣上述符号所表示的意义和读法（中英文参照）＋plus 加号；正号－minus 减号；负号±plus or minus 正负号×is multiplied by 乘号÷is divided by 除号＝is equal to 等于号≠ is not equal to 不等于号≡ is equivalent to 全等于号ↄis approximately equal to 约等于≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号＜is less than 小于号＞is more than 大于号≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于％per cent 百分之…∞ infinity 无限大号√ (square) root 平方根X squared X的平方X cubed X的立方ⅿsince; because 因为ⅾhence 所以ⅶangle 角semicircle 半圆↋circle 圆○ circumference 圆周△triangle 三角形perpendicular to 垂直于ⅻintersection of 并，合集∩ union of 交，通集∫ the integral of …的积分∑ (sigma) summation of 总和°degree 度′ minute 分〃second 秒＃number …号＠at 单价符号意义ⅵ无穷大PI 圆周率|x| 函数的绝对值ⅻ集合并ⅺ集合交ↈ大于等于ↇ小于等于ↆ恒等于或同余ln(x) 自然对数lg(x) 以2为底的对数log(x) 常用对数floor(x) 上取整函数ceil(x) 下取整函数x mod y 求余数{x} 小数部分 x - floor(x)ⅼf(x)δx 不定积分ⅼ[a:b]f(x)δx a到b的定积分[P] P为真等于1否则等于0ⅲ[1ↇkↇn]f(k) 对n进行求和,可以拓广至很多情况如：ⅲ[n is prime][n < 10]f(n)ⅲⅲ[1ↇiↇjↇn]n^2lim f(x) (x->?) 求极限f(z) f关于z的m阶导函数C(n:m) 组合数,n中取mP(n:m) 排列数m|n m整除nmn m与n互质a ⅰ A a属于集合A#A 集合A中的元素个数ⅰⅱⅲⅳⅵⅶ↜ⅷⅸⅹⅺⅻⅼⅽⅾⅿↂↃↄↅↆↇↈ↞↟？↋ •数学符号大全收藏运算符： ± × ÷ ↀ∫ ⅽↆↄ≈ ↂⅴ↝≠ ↆ≤ ≥ ↞↟↉↊／√ ‰ ∑ ∏ ＆关系运算符：ⅸⅹ集合符号：ⅻⅺⅰ↜⊆序号：←↑→↓↔↕↖↗ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫ﹪﹫ﹰﹱﹲﹳ≈㈠㈡㈢㈣㈤㈥㈦㈧㈨㈩其它：～ ± × ÷ ∑ⅻⅺⅰ√ⅷⅶ↋ↆↄ≈ↂ≠↉↊≤≥∞ⅿⅾ☈☇‣｟‰☆★○●◉◇◆□■△▲ⅮⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫ＊ΟαβγδεζηθικλμνξποστυφχψωΑ Β Γ Δ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Ωα β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ μ ν ξ π ο σ τ υ φ χψ ωⅬⅭⅮⅯ↖↗↘↙∞ ⅾⅿↀↁ° ′ ″ ‣▝↠△↋ⅶⅷ〓〔〈〉《》「」『』〕〖【】（）［］｛｝ﹶ§ № •＃＆＠☆★○● ◉△▲◇◆□ ■〒▙▛▚▘☇☈ⅬⅭⅮⅯ↖↗↘↙ⅰ∏∑↠∕√ⅴ∞↛ⅶ↜ⅷⅸⅹⅺⅻ∫ⅽⅾⅿↀↁↂ≈ↄ↝≠ↆ≤≥↞↟↉↊﹞﹟﹠﹡﹢﹣﹤﹥﹦﹨﹩！﹖﹗＂＃＄％＆＇＊＼＾＿｀｜～｟｠ﹴ｡｢▝↋▔▕■□▲△▖▗◆◇◈◉●▘▙▚▛★☆▜☇☈、。
各种数学符号和表达式的英文读法
各种数学符号和表达式的英文读法.txt52每个人都一条抛物线，天赋决定其开口，而最高点则需后天的努力。
没有秋日落叶的飘零，何来新春绿芽的饿明丽？只有懂得失去，才会重新拥有。
各种数学符号和表达式的英文读法一、一般符号对应的英文单词．period 句号，comma 逗号：colon 冒号；semicolon 分号！exclamation 惊叹号？question mark 问号￣hyphen 连字符'apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号—dash 破折号‘ ’single quotat ion marks 单引号“ ”double quotation marks 双引号( )parentheses 圆括号[ ]square brackets 方括号《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号...ellipsis 省略号¨tandem colon 双点号"ditto 同上‖parallel 平行／virgule 斜线号＆ampersand = and～swung dash 代字号§section; division 分节号→arrow 箭号；参见号＋plus 加号；正号－minus 减号；负号ªplus or minus 正负号×is multiplied by or cross 叉乘÷is divided by 除号＝is equal to 等于号≠is not equal to 不等于号≡is equivalent to 全等于号≌is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号≈is approximately equal to 约等于号＜is less than 小于号＞is more than （is greater than在数学中更常用）大于号≤is not less than 不小于号≥is not more than 不大于号≢is less than or equal to 小于或等于号≣is more than or equal to 大于或等于号％per cent 百分之…‟per mill 千分之…∞infinity 无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例√(square) root 平方根∵since; because 因为∴hence 所以∷equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例∟angle 角≨semicircle 半圆≦circle 圆○circumference 圆周πpi 圆周率△triangle 三角形≧perpendicular to 垂直于；另外normal to，right to也都有垂直的意思。
中英文数学统计符号大全
+ plus 加号；正号- minus 减号；负号± plus or minus 正负号× is multiplied by 乘号÷ is divided by 除号＝is equal to 等于号≠ is not equal to 不等于号≡ is equivalent to 全等于号≌is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号＜is less than 小于号＞is more than 大于号≮is not less than 不小于号≯is not more than 不大于号≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号% per cent 百分之…‰ per m ill 千分之…∞ infinity 无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例√ (square) root 平方根∵since; because 因为∴hence 所以∷equals, as (proportion) 等于,成比例∠angle 角⌒semicircle 半圆⊙circle 圆○ circumference 圆周π pi 圆周率△ triangle 三角形⊥perpendicular to 垂直于∪union of 并,合集∩ intersec tion of 交,通集∫ the integral of …的积分∑ (sigma) summation of 总和° degree 度′ minute 分〃second 秒℃Celsius system 摄氏度{ open brace, open curly 左花括号} close brace, close curly 右花括号( open parenthesis, open paren 左圆括号) close parenthesis, close paren 右圆括号() brakets/ parentheses 括号[ open bracket 左方括号] close bracket 右方括号[] square brackets 方括号. period, dot 句号,点| vertical bar, vertical virgule 竖线& ampersand, and, reference, ref 和,引用* asterisk, multiply, star, pointer 星号,乘号,星,指针/ slash, divide, oblique 斜线,斜杠,除号// slash-slash, comment 双斜线,注释符# pound 井号\ backslash, sometimes escape 反斜线转义符,有时表示转义符或续行符~ tilde 波浪符. full stop 句号, comma 逗号: colon 冒号; semicolon 分号? question mark 问号! exclamation mark (英式) exclamation point (美式)' apostrophe 撇号- hyphen 连字号-- dash 破折号... dots/ ellipsis 省略号" single quotation marks 单引号"" double quotation marks 双引号‖ parallel 双线号& ampersand = and～swung dash 代字号§ section; division 分节号→ arrow 箭号；参见号。
数字符号英语及发音大全
x = 5 x equals 5; x is equal to 5
x ≈ y x is approximately equal to y
x ≡ y x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y
x ≠ y x is not equal to y
x% x percent
∞ infinity
x ∝ y x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y
x ∝ 1/y x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y
? x dot
∣∣ parallel to /'p?r?lel t?/
? not equivalent to, not identical to /'n?t ?k'w?v?l?nt t?/ /'n?t a?'dent?kl t?/
?? not similar to /'n?t 's?m?l? t?/
2 squared /'skwe?d/
? contained in; a proper subset of /k?n'te?nd ?n/ /'pr?p? 's?bset/
? contained in; subset /'s?bset/
? intersection /'?nt?sek??n/
? union /'ju?n??n/
? not greater than /'n?t 'gre?t? e?n/
常用数学符号的英文表达
常用数学符号的英文表达第一章函数与极限Chapter1 Function and Limit集合set元素element子集subset空集empty set并集union交集intersection差集difference of set基本集basic set补集complement set直积direct product笛卡儿积Cartesian product开区间open interval闭区间closed interval半开区间half open interval有限区间finite interval区间的长度length of an interval无限区间infinite interval领域neighborhood领域的中心centre of a neighborhood领域的半径radius of a neighborhood左领域left neighborhood右领域right neighborhood映射mappingX到Y的映射mapping of X ontoY满射surjection单射injection一一映射one-to-one mapping双射bijection算子operator变化transformation函数function逆映射inverse mapping复合映射composite mapping自变量independent variable因变量dependent variable定义域domain函数值value of function函数关系function relation值域range自然定义域natural domain单值函数single valued function多值函数multiple valued function单值分支one-valued branch函数图形graph of a function绝对值函数absolute value符号函数sigh function整数部分integral part阶梯曲线step curve当且仅当if and only if(iff)分段函数piecewise function上界upper bound下界lower bound有界boundedness无界unbounded函数的单调性monotonicity of a function单调增加的increasing单调减少的decreasing单调函数monotone function函数的奇偶性parity(odevity) of a function 对称symmetry偶函数even function奇函数odd function函数的周期性periodicity of a function周期period反函数inverse function直接函数direct function复合函数composite function中间变量intermediate variable函数的运算operation of function基本初等函数basic elementary function初等函数elementary function幂函数power function指数函数exponential function对数函数logarithmic function三角函数trigonometric function反三角函数inverse trigonometric function 常数函数constant function双曲函数hyperbolic function双曲正弦hyperbolic sine双曲余弦hyperbolic cosine双曲正切hyperbolic tangent反双曲正弦inverse hyperbolic sine反双曲余弦inverse hyperbolic cosine反双曲正切inverse hyperbolic tangent极限limit数列 sequence of number收敛 convergence收敛于 a converge to a发散 divergent极限的唯一性 uniqueness of limits收敛数列的有界性 boundedness of a convergent sequence子列 subsequence函数的极限 limits of functions函数()f x 当x 趋于x 0时的极限 limit of functions ()f x as x approaches x 0 左极限 left limit右极限 right limit单侧极限 one-sided limits水平渐近线 horizontal asymptote无穷小 infinitesimal无穷大 infinity铅直渐近线 vertical asymptote夹逼准则 squeeze rule单调数列 monotonic sequence高阶无穷小 infinitesimal of higher order低阶无穷小 infinitesimal of lower order同阶无穷小 infinitesimal of the same order等阶无穷小 equivalent infinitesimal函数的连续性 continuity of a function增量 increment函数()f x 在x 0连续 the function ()f x is continuous at x 0左连续 left continuous右连续 right continuous区间上的连续函数 continuous function函数()f x 在该区间上连续 function ()f x is continuous on an interval不连续点discontinuity point第一类间断点discontinuity point of the first kind第二类间断点discontinuity point of the second kind初等函数的连续性continuity of the elementary functions 定义区间defined interval最大值global maximum value (absolute maximum)最小值global minimum value (absolute minimum)零点定理the zero point theorem介值定理intermediate value theorem。
数学符号的英文表达
university
university
∫ the integral of [ˈ ɪntɪgrəl] n.整体; 积分; …的积分 ∑(sigma) the summation of …的和 ∏(pi) the product of …的积 lim x→ 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from above lim x→ 0 − the limit as x approaches zero from below dy the derivative of y [dɪˈr ɪvətɪv] n.导数，微商 f'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x f''( x ) f doublend derivative of f with respect to x f'''( x ) f triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x
Mean Valve Theorem
Theorem: If f’(x) = 0 on [a,b] The f’(x) constant on [a,b]. i.e. f(x) = f(a) for all x belong to (a,b] Proof: Assume there is a special x-value and f(x)≠f(a) Then (f(x)-f(a)) / (x-a) = m ave ≠0 There is a point C in (a,x) with f’(c) = m ave ≠0 Then this contradicts the given fact that f’(x) =0 for all x belong to (a,b) So the assumption f(x) ≠f(a) must be fake and instead, f(x)=f(a) for all x belong to (a,b]. Theorem : [ˈθ ɪərəm] n.定理 i.e. : [ˈa ɪ ˈi:]abbr.(=that is) 即，换言之
数学符号对应的英文的读法
一、一般符号对应的英文单词．period 句号，comma 逗号：colon 冒号；semicolon 分号！exclamation 惊叹号？question mark 问号─ hyphen 连字符‟ apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号— dash 破折号…‟single quotation marks 单引号“”double quotation marks 双引号( ) parentheses 圆括号[ ] square brackets 方括号《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号... ellipsis 省略号¨ tandem colon 双点号" ditto 同上‖parallel 平行／virgule 斜线号＆ampersand = and～swung dash 代字号§ section; division 分节号→ arrow 箭号；参见号＋plus 加号；正号－minus 减号；负号± plus or minus 正负号× is multiplied by or cross 叉乘÷ is divided by 除号＝is equal to 等于号≠ is not equal to 不等于号≡ is equivalent to 全等于号≌is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号＜is less than 小于号＞is more than （is greater than在数学中更常用）大于号≮is not less than 不小于号≯is not more than 不大于号≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号％per cent 百分之…‰ per mill 千分之…∞ infinity 无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例√ (square) root 平方根∵since; because 因为∴hence 所以∷equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例∠angle 角≲semicircle 半圆≰circle 圆○ circumference 圆周π pi 圆周率△triangle 三角形≱perpendicular to 垂直于；另外normal to，right to也都有垂直的意思。
数学字母符号
数学字母符号数学领域有许多非常重要的符号，这些符号在数学研究中起着至关重要的作用。
下面，我将简单地介绍一些常见的数学字母符号。
一、希腊字母符号：1. α (alpha)：希腊字母中的第一个字母，往往用于表示角度、系数等。
2. β (beta)：希腊字母中的第二个字母，往往用于表示系数、角度等。
3. γ (gamma)：希腊字母中的第三个字母，往往用于表示角度、系数等。
4. δ (delta)：希腊字母中的第四个字母，往往用于表示差异、微小变化等。
5. ε (epsilon)：希腊字母中的第五个字母，往往用于表示误差、极小量等。
6. ζ (zeta)：希腊字母中的第六个字母，往往用于表示函数中的变量。
7. η (eta)：希腊字母中的第七个字母，往往用于表示数据中的变量。
8. θ (theta)：希腊字母中的第八个字母，往往用于表示角度、温度等。
9. ι (iota)：希腊字母中的第九个字母，往往用于表示一个很小的数字。
10. κ (kappa)：希腊字母中的第十个字母，往往用于表示系数、角度等。
11. λ (lambda)：希腊字母中的第十一个字母，往往用于表示常数、波长等。
12. μ (mu)：希腊字母中的第十二个字母，往往用于表示平均数、质量等。
13. ν (nu)：希腊字母中的第十三个字母，往往用于表示频率、速度等。
14. ξ (xi)：希腊字母中的第十四个字母，往往用于表示未知数、角度等。
15. π (pi)：希腊字母中的第十五个字母，往往用于表示圆的周长与直径之比。
16. ρ (rho)：希腊字母中的第十六个字母，往往用于表示电阻、电导率等。
17. σ (sigma)：希腊字母中的第十七个字母，往往用于表示标准差、总体方差等。
18. τ (tau)：希腊字母中的第十八个字母，往往用于表示时间常数、力矩等。
19. υ (upsilon)：希腊字母中的第十九个字母，往往用于表示平均速度、位移等。
常用数学符号的英文表达
常用数学符号的英文表达English Expression of the Mathematical Symbol in Common Use第一部分英汉微积分词汇Part1 English-Chinese Calculus V ocabulary第一章函数与极限Chapter1 Function and Limit集合set元素element子集subset空集empty set并集union交集intersection差集difference of set基本集basic set补集complement set直积direct product笛卡儿积Cartesian product开区间open interval闭区间closed interval半开区间half open interval有限区间finite interval区间的长度length of an interval无限区间infinite interval领域neighborhood领域的中心centre of a neighborhood领域的半径radius of a neighborhood左领域left neighborhood右领域right neighborhood映射mappingX到Y的映射mapping of X ontoY满射surjection单射injection一一映射one-to-one mapping双射bijection算子operator变化transformation函数function 逆映射inverse mapping复合映射composite mapping自变量independent variable因变量dependent variable定义域domain函数值value of function函数关系function relation值域range自然定义域natural domain单值函数single valued function多值函数multiple valued function单值分支one-valued branch函数图形graph of a function绝对值函数absolute value符号函数sigh function整数部分integral part阶梯曲线step curve当且仅当if and only if(iff)分段函数piecewise function上界upper bound下界lower bound有界boundedness无界unbounded函数的单调性monotonicity of a function 单调增加的increasing单调减少的decreasing单调函数monotone function函数的奇偶性parity(odevity) of a function对称symmetry偶函数even function奇函数odd function函数的周期性periodicity of a function周期period反函数inverse function直接函数direct function复合函数composite function中间变量intermediate variable函数的运算operation of function基本初等函数basic elementary function初等函数elementary function幂函数power function指数函数exponential function对数函数logarithmic function三角函数 trigonometric function反三角函数 inverse trigonometric function 常数函数 constant function 双曲函数 hyperbolic function 双曲正弦 hyperbolic sine 双曲余弦 hyperbolic cosine 双曲正切 hyperbolic tangent反双曲正弦 inverse hyperbolic sine 反双曲余弦 inverse hyperbolic cosine 反双曲正切 inverse hyperbolic tangent 极限 limit数列 sequence of number 收敛 convergence 收敛于 a converge to a 发散 divergent极限的唯一性 uniqueness of limits收敛数列的有界性 boundedness of aconvergent sequence子列 subsequence函数的极限 limits of functions函数()f x 当x 趋于x 0时的极限 limit of functions ()f x as x approaches x 0 左极限 left limit 右极限 right limit单侧极限 one-sided limits水平渐近线 horizontal asymptote 无穷小 infinitesimal 无穷大 infinity铅直渐近线 vertical asymptote 夹逼准则 squeeze rule单调数列 monotonic sequence高阶无穷小 infinitesimal of higher order 低阶无穷小 infinitesimal of lower order 同阶无穷小 infinitesimal of the same order 等阶无穷小 equivalent infinitesimal 函数的连续性 continuity of a function 增量 increment函数()f x 在x 0连续 the function ()f x is continuous at x 0左连续 left continuous 右连续 right continuous区间上的连续函数 continuous function 函数()f x 在该区间上连续 function ()f x is continuous on an interval 不连续点 discontinuity point第一类间断点 discontinuity point of the first kind第二类间断点 discontinuity point of the second kind初等函数的连续性 continuity of the elementary functions定义区间 defined interval最大值 global maximum value (absolute maximum)最小值 global minimum value (absolute minimum)零点定理 the zero point theorem 介值定理 intermediate value theorem第二章 导数与微分Chapter2 Derivative and Differential 速度 velocity匀速运动 uniform motion 平均速度 average velocity瞬时速度 instantaneous velocity 圆的切线 tangent line of a circle 切线 tangent line切线的斜率 slope of the tangent line 位置函数 position function 导数 derivative 可导 derivable函数的变化率问题 problem of the change rate of a function导函数 derived function 左导数 left-hand derivative 右导数 right-hand derivative 单侧导数 one-sided derivatives()f x 在闭区间【a,b 】上可导 ()f x isderivable on the closed interval [a,b] 切线方程 tangent equation 角速度 angular velocity 成本函数 cost function 边际成本 marginal cost 链式法则 chain rule隐函数implicit function显函数explicit function二阶函数second derivative三阶导数third derivative高阶导数nth derivative莱布尼茨公式Leibniz formula对数求导法log- derivative参数方程parametric equation相关变化率correlative change rata微分differential可微的differentiable函数的微分differential of function自变量的微分differential of independent variable微商differential quotient间接测量误差indirect measurement error 绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error第三章微分中值定理与导数的应用Chapter3 MeanValue Theorem of Differentials and the Application of Derivatives罗马定理Rolle’s theorem费马引理Fermat’s lemma拉格朗日中值定理Lagrange’s mean value theorem驻点stationary point稳定点stable point临界点critical point辅助函数auxiliary function拉格朗日中值公式Lagrange’s mean value formula柯西中值定理Cauchy’s mean value theorem洛必达法则L’Hospital’s Rule0/0型不定式indeterminate form of type 0/0不定式indeterminate form泰勒中值定理Taylor’s mean value theorem泰勒公式Taylor formula余项remainder term拉格朗日余项Lagrange remainder term 麦克劳林公式Maclaurin’s formula佩亚诺公式Peano remainder term 凹凸性concavity凹向上的concave upward, cancave up凹向下的，向上凸的concave downward’concave down拐点inflection point函数的极值extremum of function极大值local(relative) maximum最大值global(absolute) mximum极小值local(relative) minimum最小值global(absolute) minimum目标函数objective function曲率curvature弧微分arc differential平均曲率average curvature曲率园circle of curvature曲率中心center of curvature曲率半径radius of curvature渐屈线evolute渐伸线involute根的隔离isolation of root隔离区间isolation interval切线法tangent line method第四章不定积分Chapter4 Indefinite Integrals原函数primitive function(antiderivative) 积分号sign of integration被积函数integrand积分变量integral variable积分曲线integral curve积分表table of integrals换元积分法integration by substitution分部积分法integration by parts分部积分公式formula of integration by parts有理函数rational function真分式proper fraction假分式improper fraction第五章定积分Chapter5 Definite Integrals曲边梯形trapezoid with曲边curve edge窄矩形narrow rectangle曲边梯形的面积area of trapezoid with curved edge积分下限lower limit of integral积分上限upper limit of integral积分区间integral interval分割partition积分和integral sum可积integrable矩形法rectangle method积分中值定理mean value theorem of integrals函数在区间上的平均值average value of a function on an integvals牛顿－莱布尼茨公式Newton-Leibniz formula微积分基本公式fundamental formula of calculus换元公式formula for integration by substitution递推公式recurrence formula反常积分improper integral反常积分发散the improper integral is divergent反常积分收敛the improper integral is convergent无穷限的反常积分improper integral on an infinite interval无界函数的反常积分improper integral of unbounded functions绝对收敛absolutely convergent第六章定积分的应用Chapter6 Applications of the Definite Integrals元素法the element method面积元素element of area平面图形的面积area of a luane figure直角坐标又称“笛卡儿坐标(Cartesian coordinates)”极坐标polar coordinates抛物线parabola椭圆ellipse旋转体的面积volume of a solid of rotation旋转椭球体ellipsoid of revolution, ellipsoid of rotation曲线的弧长arc length of acurve 可求长的rectifiable光滑smooth功work水压力water pressure引力gravitation变力variable force第七章空间解析几何与向量代数Chapter7 Space Analytic Geometry and Vector Algebra向量vector自由向量free vector单位向量unit vector零向量zero vector相等equal平行parallel向量的线性运算linear poeration of vector 三角法则triangle rule平行四边形法则parallelogram rule交换律commutative law结合律associative law负向量negative vector差difference分配律distributive law空间直角坐标系space rectangular coordinates坐标面coordinate plane卦限octant向量的模modulus of vector向量a与b的夹角angle between vector a and b方向余弦direction cosine方向角direction angle向量在轴上的投影projection of a vector onto an axis数量积，外积，叉积scalar product,dot product,inner product曲面方程equation for a surface球面sphere旋转曲面surface of revolution母线generating line轴axis圆锥面cone顶点vertex旋转单叶双曲面revolution hyperboloidsof one sheet旋转双叶双曲面revolution hyperboloids of two sheets柱面cylindrical surface ,cylinder圆柱面cylindrical surface准线directrix抛物柱面parabolic cylinder二次曲面quadric surface椭圆锥面dlliptic cone椭球面ellipsoid单叶双曲面hyperboloid of one sheet双叶双曲面hyperboloid of two sheets旋转椭球面ellipsoid of revolution椭圆抛物面elliptic paraboloid旋转抛物面paraboloid of revolution双曲抛物面hyperbolic paraboloid马鞍面saddle surface椭圆柱面elliptic cylinder双曲柱面hyperbolic cylinder抛物柱面parabolic cylinder空间曲线space curve空间曲线的一般方程general form equations of a space curve空间曲线的参数方程parametric equations of a space curve螺转线spiral螺矩pitch投影柱面projecting cylinder投影projection平面的点法式方程pointnorm form eqyation of a plane法向量normal vector平面的一般方程general form equation of a plane两平面的夹角angle between two planes 点到平面的距离distance from a point to a plane空间直线的一般方程general equation of a line in space方向向量direction vector直线的点向式方程pointdirection form equations of a line方向数direction number直线的参数方程parametric equations of a line两直线的夹角angle between two lines垂直perpendicular直线与平面的夹角angle between a line and a planes平面束pencil of planes平面束的方程equation of a pencil of planes行列式determinant系数行列式coefficient determinant第八章多元函数微分法及其应用Chapter8 Differentiation of Functions of Several Variables and Its Application一元函数function of one variable多元函数function of several variables内点interior point外点exterior point边界点frontier point,boundary point聚点point of accumulation开集openset闭集closed set连通集connected set开区域open region闭区域closed region有界集bounded set无界集unbounded setn维空间n-dimentional space二重极限double limit多元函数的连续性continuity of function of seveal连续函数continuous function不连续点discontinuity point一致连续uniformly continuous偏导数partial derivative对自变量x的偏导数partial derivative with respect to independent variable x高阶偏导数partial derivative of higher order二阶偏导数second order partial derivative 混合偏导数hybrid partial derivative全微分total differential偏增量oartial increment偏微分partial differential全增量total increment可微分differentiable必要条件necessary condition充分条件sufficient condition叠加原理superpostition principle全导数total derivative中间变量intermediate variable隐函数存在定理theorem of the existence of implicit function曲线的切向量tangent vector of a curve法平面normal plane向量方程vector equation向量值函数vector-valued function切平面tangent plane法线normal line方向导数directional derivative梯度gradient数量场scalar field梯度场gradient field向量场vector field势场potential field引力场gravitational field引力势gravitational potential曲面在一点的切平面tangent plane to a surface at a point曲线在一点的法线normal line to a surface at a point无条件极值unconditional extreme values 条件极值conditional extreme values拉格朗日乘数法Lagrange multiplier method拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier经验公式empirical formula最小二乘法method of least squares均方误差mean square error第九章重积分Chapter9 Multiple Integrals二重积分double integral可加性additivity累次积分iterated integral体积元素volume element三重积分triple integral直角坐标系中的体积元素volume element in rectangular coordinate system 柱面坐标cylindrical coordinates柱面坐标系中的体积元素volume element in cylindrical coordinate system球面坐标spherical coordinates球面坐标系中的体积元素volume element in spherical coordinate system反常二重积分improper double integral曲面的面积area of a surface质心centre of mass静矩static moment密度density形心centroid转动惯量moment of inertia参变量parametric variable第十章曲线积分与曲面积分Chapter10 Line(Curve)Integrals and Surface Integrals对弧长的曲线积分line integrals with respect to arc hength第一类曲线积分line integrals of the first type对坐标的曲线积分line integrals with respect to x,y,and z第二类曲线积分line integrals of the second type有向曲线弧directed arc单连通区域simple connected region复连通区域complex connected region格林公式Green formula第一类曲面积分surface integrals of the first type对面的曲面积分surface integrals with respect to area有向曲面directed surface对坐标的曲面积分surface integrals with respect to coordinate elements第二类曲面积分surface integrals of the second type有向曲面元element of directed surface高斯公式gauss formula拉普拉斯算子Laplace operator格林第一公式Green’s first formula通量flux散度divergence斯托克斯公式Stokes formula环流量circulation旋度rotation,curl第十一章无穷级数Chapter11 Infinite Series一般项general term部分和partial sum余项remainder term等比级数geometric series几何级数geometric series公比common ratio调和级数harmonic series柯西收敛准则Cauchy convergence criteria, Cauchy criteria for convergence正项级数series of positive terms达朗贝尔判别法D’Alembert test柯西判别法Cauchy test交错级数alternating series绝对收敛absolutely convergent条件收敛conditionally convergent柯西乘积Cauchy product函数项级数series of functions发散点point of divergence收敛点point of convergence收敛域convergence domain和函数sum function幂级数power series幂级数的系数coeffcients of power series 阿贝尔定理Abel Theorem收敛半径radius of convergence收敛区间interval of convergence泰勒级数Taylor series麦克劳林级数Maclaurin series二项展开式binomial expansion近似计算approximate calculation舍入误差round-off error,rounding error欧拉公式Euler’s formula魏尔斯特拉丝判别法Weierstrass test三角级数trigonometric series振幅amplitude角频率angular frequency初相initial phase矩形波square wave谐波分析harmonic analysis 直流分量direct component基波fundamental wave二次谐波second harmonic三角函数系trigonometric function system 傅立叶系数Fourier coefficient傅立叶级数Forrier series周期延拓periodic prolongation正弦级数sine series余弦级数cosine series奇延拓odd prolongation偶延拓even prolongation傅立叶级数的复数形式complex form of Fourier series第十二章微分方程Chapter12 Differential Equation解微分方程solve a dirrerential equation 常微分方程ordinary differential equation 偏微分方程partial differential equation,PDE微分方程的阶order of a differential equation微分方程的解solution of a differential equation微分方程的通解general solution of a differential equation初始条件initial condition微分方程的特解particular solution of a differential equation初值问题initial value problem微分方程的积分曲线integral curve of a differential equation可分离变量的微分方程variable separable differential equation隐式解implicit solution隐式通解inplicit general solution衰变系数decay coefficient衰变decay齐次方程homogeneous equation一阶线性方程linear differential equation of first order非齐次non-homogeneous齐次线性方程homogeneous linear equation非齐次线性方程non-homogeneous linearequation常数变易法method of variation of constant暂态电流transient stata current稳态电流steady state current伯努利方程Bernoulli equation全微分方程total differential equation积分因子integrating factor高阶微分方程differential equation of higher order悬链线catenary高阶线性微分方程linera differential equation of higher order自由振动的微分方程differential equation of free vibration强迫振动的微分方程differential equation of forced oscillation串联电路的振荡方程oscillation equation of series circuit二阶线性微分方程second order linera differential equation线性相关linearly dependence线性无关linearly independce二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程second order homogeneour linear differential equation with constant coefficient二阶变系数齐次线性微分方程second order homogeneous linear differential equation with variable coefficient特征方程characteristic equation无阻尼自由振动的微分方程differential equation of free vibration with zero damping 固有频率natural frequency简谐振动simple harmonic oscillation,simple harmonic vibration微分算子differential operator待定系数法method of undetermined coefficient共振现象resonance phenomenon欧拉方程Euler equation幂级数解法power series solution数值解法numerial solution勒让德方程Legendre equation微分方程组system of differential equations常系数线性微分方程组system of linera differential equations with constant c。
高中数学符号大全及表达意思
高中数学符号大全及表达意思
数学符号大全。
+：加号表示加法运算。
-：减号表示减法运算。
×：乘号表示乘法运算。
÷：除号表示除法运算。
import：导入，指将外部数据导入到计算机中使用。
inc：增加，表示数量的增加。
dec：减少，表示数量的减少。
parallel：平行，指两直线相互垂直并有同样的斜率。
intercept：截距，表示两直线交点处的纵坐标。
%：百分号，表示百分数。
!：感叹号，表示阶乘。
()：圆括号，用于包围表达式。
[]：方括号，表示定义一个集合。
||：竖线，表示对角线。
>：大于号，表示大于的关系。
<：小于号，表示小于的关系。
≥：大于等于号，表示大于等于的关系。
≤：小于等于号，表示小于等于的关系。
=：等于号，表示两个数值相等。
±：正负号，表示一个数的正负之和。
∆：增量，表示一个数增加的量。
Σ：加和符号，表示对一组数求和。
∞：无穷大，表示一个数无限接近无穷大。
√：平方根，表示求一个数的平方根。
sci文章 数学符号
sci文章数学符号
在SCI发表的论文中，常常使用一些特定的符号来表示数学、物理、化学等领域的概念。
以下是一些科研论文中SCI常用的符号，以及它们的中文解释：
1.数学符号：
–∑（Sigma）：表示求和。
–∫（Integral）：表示积分。
–α、β、γ：表示变量。
–Δ（Delta）：表示差异或变化。
–θ（Theta）：表示角度。
2.物理学符号：
–c：表示光速。
–λ（Lambda）：表示波长。
–E：表示能量。
–h：表示普朗克常数。
–μ：表示磁导率。
3.化学符号：
–H₂O：表示水分子。
–CO₂：表示二氧化碳。
–NaCl：表示氯化钠（食盐）。
–C₆H₁₂O₆：表示葡萄糖。
4.统计学符号：
–μ（Mu）：表示总体均值。
–σ（Sigma）：表示总体标准差。
–X̄（X-bar）：表示样本均值。
–s：表示样本标准差。
5.生物学符号：
–DNA：表示脱氧核糖核酸。
–RNA：表示核糖核酸。
–ATP：表示三磷酸腺苷。
–β：表示生物学中的倍增因子。
6.工程学符号：
–ω（Omega）：表示角速度。
–V：表示电压。
–I：表示电流。
–R：表示电阻。
最全面最标准的数学符号公式的英语读法大全
最全面最标准的数学符号公式的英语读法大全目前国内绝大部分的英语学习，仍然停留在日常交流和一些常识性知识的英语。
我们虽然受过高等教育，但是专业的、学术的英语学习仍然匮乏，我们的课本是中文的、老师用中文授课、我们的知识体系也是中文的。
所以在阅读原版教材、写英文论文、参加国际学术交流等很多时候，会遇到英语瓶颈。
真正能够应用英语来进行知识的学习，工作等，起码需要明白数学中的英语，希望这篇文章能给您带来帮助。
基本数学符号1. 加减乘除"+"当作运算符加号时读作plus，比如：1+2 ➡️ one plus two当"+"放在数字前表示正数时，读作positive，比如：+4 ➡️ positive four同样，“-”也有minus和negative两种读法，分别是减号和负数。
"×" 两种读法都可以，国外的教授会常常读成times，可能因为比较简单吧，比如：9x6 ➡️nine times six“÷”只有一种读法divided by，就是被…分成几份15÷3 ➡️ fifteen is divided by three注意：其中plus和minus是不用第三人称单数形式的，因为plus和minus根本就不是动词，而是介词。
但是乘和除，的的确确是动词，出现第三人称单数的形式。
2. 比较运算符比较运算符用来比较两个表达式的大小关系，比如：1+4>3 ➡️ one plus four is greater than three为什么用is？这里one plus four 是介词plus 连接两个名词，但是one plus four 作为一个整体当作主语，因此不用are，而是is4+5=9 ➡️ four plus five equals nine 或 four plus five is equal to nine 其他的类推，只要你认识数学符号，应该不难用英语说出来。
数学符号英文说法和发音大全(符号英文)
数学符号英文说法和发音大全！！各路出国党不妨看过来！Symbols+ plus /'pl?s/- minus /'ma?n?s/±plus or minus /'pl?s ?: 'ma?n?s/x multiplied by /'m?lt?pla?d ba?// over; divided by /'??v?/ /d?'va?d?d/÷divided /d?'va?d?d/= equals /'?:kw?lz/≈approximately, similar /?'pr?ks?m?tl?/ /'s?m?l? t?/≡equivalent to; identical /?k'w?v?l?nt t?/ /a?'dent?kl t?/≠ not equal to /'n?t 'i?kw?l t?/> greater than /'gre?t? e?n/< less than /'les e?n/≥ greater than or equal to /'gre?t? e?n ?r 'i?kw?l t?/≤ less than or equal to /'les e?n ?r' i?kw?l t?/?not greater than /'n?t 'gre?t? e?n/?not less than /'n?t 'les e?n/?much greater than /'m?? 'gre?t? e?n/?much less than /'m?? 'les e?n/⊥perpendicular to /p??p?n'd?kj?l? t?/∣∣parallel to /'p?r?lel t?/?not equivalent to, not identical to /'n?t ?k'w?v?l?nt t?/ /'n?t a?'dent?kl t? ??not similar to /'n?t 's?m?l? t?/2squared /'skwe?d/3cubed /'kju:bd/4 to the fourth; to the power four /t? e? 'f??θ/ /te e? 'pɑ?? f??/n to the n; to the nth; to the power n /t? e? en; t? d?enθ; t? e? pɑ??r en/√root; square root /ru:t/ /skwe? ru:t/?cube root /kju:b ru:t/?fourth root /f??θ ru?t/! factorial /f?k't??r??l/% percent /p?'sent/∞infinity /?n'f?n?t?/∝varies as; proportional to /'v??r?z/ /pr?'p????n?l/˙dot /d?t/¨double dot /d?bl d?t/: is to, ratio of /re?????/f(x) fx f; function /ef/ /'f??k??n/f'(x) f dash; derivative /d??/ /d?'r?v?t?v/f''x f double-dash; second derivative /'d?bl d??/ /'sek?nd d?'r?v?t?v/f'''(x) f triple-dash; f treble-dash; third derivative /'tr?pl d??/ / trebl d??/ /θ？:d d?'r?v?t?v'r?v?t?v/f(4) f four; fourth derivative /f??θ d??partial derivative, delta /pa???l d?'r?v?t?v/ /delt?/∫integral /'?nt?gr?l/∑sum /s?m/w.r.t. with respect to /w?e 'r?spekt/log log /l?g/log?x log to the base 2 of x /l?g t? e? be?s tu: ?v eks/∴therefore /'e??f??/∵because /b?'k?z/→gives, leads to, approaches /g?vz/ /li:dz t?/ /?pr????z// per /p?:/∈belongs to; a member of; an element of /b?'l??z/ /'memb?/ /'el?m?nt/?does not belong to; is not a member of; is not an element of /n?t b?'l??/ /n?t ? 'memb?/ /n?t ?n 'e ?contained in; a proper subset of /k?n'te?nd ?n/ /'pr?p? 's?bset/?contained in; subset /'s?bset/?intersection /'?nt?sek??n/?union /'ju?n??n/?for all /f? r?:l/cos x cos x; cosine x /k?z/sin x sine x /sa?n/tan x tangent x /tan/cosec x cosec x /'k??sek/sinh x shine x /'?a?n/cosh x cosh x /'k??/tanh x than x /θ?n/|x| mod x; modulus x /m?d/ /'m?dj?l?s/℃degrees Centigrade /d?'gri:z 'sent?gre?d/℉degrees Fahrenheit /d?'gri:z 'f?r?nha?t/°K degrees Kelvin /d?'gri:z 'kelv?n/C absolute zero /abs?lu:t zi:r??/0°K, –273.15 °mm millimetre /'m?l?mi?t?/cm centimetre /'sent?mi?t?/cc, cm3cubic centimetre, centimetre cubed /'kju?b?k 'sent?mi?t?/ /'sent?mi?t? 'kju: m metre /'mi?t?/km kilometre /k?'l?m?t?/mg milligram /'m?l?gr?m/g gram /gr?m/kg kilogram /'k?l?gr?m/AC A.C. /e? si:/DC D.C. /di: si:/Examplesx + 1 x plus onex -1 x minus onex ± 1 x plus or minus onexy x y; x times y; x multiplied by y(x — y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus yx/y x over y; x divided by y;x ÷ y x divided by yx = 5 x equals 5; x is equal to 5x ≈ y x is approximately equal to yx ≡ y x is equivalent to y; x is identical with yx ≠ y x is not equal to yx > y x is greater than yx < y x is less than yx ≥ y x is greater than or equal to yx ≤ y x is less than or equal to y0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 10 ≤ x ≤ 1zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1x2x squaredx3x cubedx4 x to the fourth; x to the power fourxn x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power nx-n x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n√root x; square root x; the square root of x?the cube root of x?the fourth root of xthe nth root of x(x + y)2x plus y all squared(x/y)2x over y all squaredn! n factorial; factorial nx% x percent∞infinityx ∝y x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to yx ∝1/y x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y?x dot?x double dotf(x) fx f of x; the function of xf'(x) f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to xf''x f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to xf'''(x) f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to xf(4) f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x?v the partial derivative of v?v?θdelta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ?2v?θ２delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to dv the derivative of vdvdθ d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to thetad2vdθ２ d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta,∫integralintegral from zero to infinity∑sumthe sum from i equals 1 to nw.r.t. with respect tologey log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y∴therefore∵because→gives, approachesΔx → 0delta x approaches zerolimΔx→０the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zeroLtΔx→０the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zerom/sec metres per secondx ∈ A x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of Ax? A x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of AA? B A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of BA ?B A is contained in B; A is a subset of BA ?B A intersection BA ?B A union Bcos x cos x; cosine xsin x sine xtan x tangent x, tan xcosec x cosec xsinh x shine xcosh x cosh xtanh x than x|x| mod x; modulus x18 ℃eighteen degrees Centigrade70 ℉seventy degrees FahrenheitGreek alphabetΑαalpha /'?lf?/Ββbeta /'bi:t?/Γγgamma /'g?m?/Δδdelta /'delt?/Εεepsilon /'epsil?n/Ζζzeta /'zi?t?/Ηηeta /'i?t?//Θθtheta /'θi?t?Ιιiota /a?'??t?/Κκkappa /'k?p?/Λλlamda /'l?md?/Μμmu /'mju?/Ννnu /'nju?/Ξξxi /'ksa?/Οοomicron /'??m?kr?n/ Ππpi /'pa?/Ρρ？rho /'r??/Σσsigma /'s?gm?/Ττtau /'tɑ?/Υυupsilon /'j?ps?l?n/ Φφphi /'fa?/Χχchi /'ka?/Ψψ psi /'psa?/Ωω omega /'??m?g?/ ^Roman alphabetA a /'e?/B b /'bi?/C c /'si?/D d /'di?/E e /'i?/F f /'ef/G g /'?i?/H h /'e??/I i /'a?/J j /'?e?/K k /'ke?/L l /'el/M m /'em/N n /'en/O o /'??/P p /'pi?/Q q /'kju?/R r /'ɑ?/S s /'es/T t /'ti:/U u /'ju:/V v /'vi:/W w /'d?blju?/X x /'eks/Y y /'wa?/Z z /'zed/^Fractions? a half /? 'hɑ:f/? a quarter /? 'kw??t?/z/? three quarters /θri? 'kw??t?:d/? a third /?'θ？:dz/? two thirds /tu: 'θ？?a fifth /? 'f?fθ／?t wo fifths /tu: 'f?fθs/?t hree fifths /θri? 'f?fθs/?f our fifths /f?? 'f?fθs/?a sixth /? 's?ksθ／?f ive sixths /fa?v 's?ksθs/? an eighth /?n 'e?tθ／? three eighths /θri? 'e?tθs/? five eighths /fa?v 'e?tθs/? seven eighths /sev?n 'e?tθs/^Decimal Fractions0.1 nought point one /n?:t p??nt w?n/0.01 nought point oh one /n?:t p??nt ?? w?n/0.0001 nought point oh oh oh one /ten p??nt ?????? w?n/1.1 one point one /w?n p??nt w?n/1.2 one point two /w?n p??nt tu:/1.23 one point two three /w?n p??nt tu: θri:/1.0123 one point oh one two three /w?n p??nt ?? w?n tu: θri:/10.01 ten point oh one /ten p??nt ?? w?n/21.57 twenty-one point five seven /'twent? w?n p??nt fa?v 'sev?n/2.6666666666.... two point six recurring /tu: p??nt s?ks r?'k?:r??/'k?:r??/ 2.612361236123... two point six one two three recurring /tu: p??nt s?ks w?n tu: θri: r? 2.5 million two point five million /tu: p??nt fa?v 'm?lj?n/^SI Units: Prefixes10-24 yocto y /'j?kt??/10-21 zepto z /'zept??/10-18 atto a /'at??/10-15 femto f /'femt??/10-12 pico p /'pi:k??/10-9 nano n /'nan??/10-6 micro μ/'ma?kr??/10-3 milli m /'m?l?/10-2 centi c /'sent?/10-1 deci d /'des?/103 kilo k /'k?l??/106 mega M /'meg?/109 giga G /'g?g?/1012 tera T /'ter?/1015 peta P /'pet?/1018 exa E /'eks?/1021 zetta Z /'zet?/1024 yotta Y /'j?t?/1027 xona X /'z??n?/1030 weka W /'wek?/1033 vunda V /'v?nd?/^Cardinal Numbers1 one /w?n/2 two /tu:/3 three /θri:/4 four /f??/5 five /fa?v/6 six /s?ks/7 seven /'sev?n/8 eight /e?t/9 nine /na?n/10 ten /ten/11 eleven /?'lev?n/12 twelve /twelv/:'ti:n/13 thirteen /θ？14 fourteen /f??'ti:n/15 fifteen /f?f'ti:n/16 sixteen /s?kst'i:n/17 seventeen /seven'ti:n/18 eighteen /e?'ti:n/19 nineteen /na?n'ti:n/20 twenty /'twent?/21 twenty-one /twent?'w?n/22 twenty-two /twent?'tu:/23 twenty-three /twent?'θri:/24 twenty-four /twent?'f??/25 twenty-five /twent?'fa?v/26 twenty-six /twent?'s?ks/27 twenty-seven /twent?'sev?n/28 twenty-eight /twent?'e?t/29 twenty-nine /twent?'na?n/:t?/30 thirty /'θ？40 forty /'f??t?/50 fifty /'f?ft?/60 sixty /'s?kst?/70 seventy /'sev?nt?/80 eighty /'e?t?/90 ninety /'na?nt?/100 a hundred; one hundred /? 'h?ndr?d/ /w 101 a hundred and one /? 'h?ndr?d ?n 102 a hundred and two /? 'h?ndr?d ?n 110 a hundred and ten /? 'h?ndr?d ?n 120 a hundred and twenty /? 'h?ndr?d ?n 200 two hundred /tu: 'h?ndr?d/ 300 three hundred /θri: 'h?ndr?d 400 four hundred /f?? 'h?ndr?d/ 500 five hundred /fa?v 'h?ndr?d/ 600 six hundred /s?ks 'h?ndr?d/ 700 seven hundred /'sev?n 'h?ndr? 800 eight hundred /e?t 'h?ndr?d/ 900 nine hundred /na?n 'h?ndr?d/ 1 000 a thousand, one thousand /?θ'ɑ?z?nd 1 001 a thousand and one /?'θɑ?z?nd 1 010 a thousand and ten /?'θɑ?z?nd 1 020 a thousand and twenty /?'θɑ?z?nd 1 100 one thousand, one hunded /w?n 'θɑ?z 1 101 one thousand, one hundred and one /w?n 'θɑ?z 1 110 one thousand, one hundred and ten /w?n 'θɑ?z9 999 nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine /na?n 'θɑ?10 000 ten thousand /ten 'θɑ?15 356 fifteen thousand, three hundred and fifty six /'f?fti:n 'θ100 000 a hundred thousand /? 'h?ndr?d 'θ1 000 000 a million /? 'm?lj?n/100 000 000 a hundred million /? 'h?ndr?d 'm?1 000 000 000 a billion /? 'b?lj?n/100 000 000 000 a hundred billion /? 'h?ndr?d 'b?l 1 000 000 000 000 a trillion /? 'tr?lj?n/1 000 000 000 000 000 a quadrillion /? kw?dr?lj?n/ 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 a quintillian /? kw?n't?lj?n/ 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 a sextillion /? seks't?lj?n/1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 a septillion /? sep't?lj?n/1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 an ocillion /?n ?kt't?lj?n/1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 a nonillion /? n?n'?lj?n/1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 a decillion /? de's?lj?n/^Ordinal Numbers1st first /f?:st/2nd second /'sek?nd/:d/3rd third /θ？4th fourth /f?:θ／5th fifth /f?fθ／6th sixth /s?ksθ／7th seventh /'sev?nθ／8th eighth /e?tθ／9th ninth /na?nθ／10th tenth /tenθ／11th eleventh /?'lev?nθ／12th twelfth /'twelfθ／:'ti:nθ／13th thirteenth /θ？14th fourtheenth /f??'ti:nθ／15th fidteenth /f?f'ti:nθ/16th sixteenth /s?ks'ti:nθ／17th seventeenth /seven'ti:nθ／18th eighteenth /e?'ti:nθ／19th nineteenth /na?n'ti:nθ／20th twentieth /'twent??θ／21st twenty-first /twent?'f?:st/22nd twenty-second /twent?'sek?nd/:d/23rd twenty-third /twent?'θ？24th twenty-fourth /twent?'f?:θ／25th twenty-fifth /twent?'f?fθ／26th twenty-sixth /twent?'s?ksθ／27th twenty-seventh /twent?'sev?nθ／28th twenty-eighth /twent?'e?tθ／29th twenty-ninth /twent?'na?nθ／30th thirtieth /'θ??t??θ／'f?:st/31st thirty-first /θ??t?40th fortieth /'f?:t??θ／50th fiftieth /'f?ft??θ／100th hundredth /'h?ndr?dθ／1 000th thousandth /'θɑ?z?ndθ／1 000 000th millionth /'m?lj?nθ／。
数学符号英文说法和发音大全!!(符号英文)
数学符号英文说法和发音大全！！各路出国党不妨看过来！Symbols+ plus /'plʌs/- minus /'maɪnəs/±plus or minus /'plʌs ɔ: 'maɪnəs/x multiplied by /'mʌltɪplaɪd baɪ// over; divided by /'əʊvə/ /dɪ'vaɪdəd/÷divided /dɪ'vaɪdəd/= equals /'ɪ:kwəlz/≈approximately, similar /ə'prɒksɪmətlɪ/ /'sɪmɪlə tʊ/≡equivalent to; identical /ɪk'wɪvələnt tʊ/ /aɪ'dentɪkl tʊ/≠ not equal to /'nɒt 'iːkwəl tʊ/> greater than /'greɪtə ðən/< less than /'les ðən/≥ greater than or equal to /'greɪtə ðən ər 'iːkwəl tʊ/≤ less than or equal to /'les ðən ər' iːkwəl tʊ/⊁not greater than /'nɒt 'greɪtə ðən/⊀not less than /'nɒt 'les ðən/≫much greater than /'mʌʧ 'greɪtə ðən/≪much less than /'mʌʧ 'les ðən/⊥perpendicular to /pɜːpən'dɪkjʊlə tʊ/∣∣parallel to /'pærəlel tʊ/≢not equivalent to, not identical to /'nɒt ɪk'wɪvələnt tʊ/ /'nɒt aɪ'dentɪkl tʊ≄≉not similar to /'nɒt 'sɪmɪlə tʊ/²squared /'skweəd/³cubed /'kju:bd/4 to the fourth; to the power four /tə ðə 'fɔːθ/ /te ðə 'pɑʊə fɔː/n to the n; to the nth; to the power n /tə ðɪ en; tə dɪenθ; tə ðə pɑʊər en/√root; square root /ru:t/ /skweə ru:t/∛cube root /kju:b ru:t/∜fourth root /fɔːθ ruːt/! factorial /fæk'tɔːrɪəl/% percent /pə'sent/∞infinity /ɪn'fɪnətɪ/∝varies as; proportional to /'vɛərɪz/ /prə'pɔːʃənəl/˙dot /dɒt/¨double dot /dʌbl dɒt/: is to, ratio of /reɪʃɪəʊ/f(x) fx f; function /ef/ /'fʌŋkʃən/f'(x) f dash; derivative /dæʃ/ /dɪ'rɪvətɪv/f''x f double-dash; second derivative /'dʌbl dæʃ/ /'sekənd dɪ'rɪvətɪv/f'''(x) f triple-dash; f treble-dash; third derivative /'trɪpl dæʃ/ / trebl dæʃ/ /θɜ:d dɪ'rɪvətɪv f(4) f four; fourth derivative /fɔːθ dɪ'rɪvətɪv/∂partial derivative, delta /paːʃəl dɪ'rɪvətɪv/ /deltə/∫integral /'ɪntɪgrəl/∑sum /sʌm/w.r.t. with respect to /wɪð 'rɪspekt/log log /lɒg/log₂x log to the base 2 of x /lɒg tə ðə beɪs tu: əv eks/∴therefore /'ðɛəfɔː/∵because /bɪ'kɒz/→gives, leads to, approaches /gɪvz/ /li:dz tʊ/ /əprəʊʧəz// per /pɜ:/∈belongs to; a member of; an element of /bɪ'lɒŋz/ /'membə/ /'elɪmənt/∉does not belong to; is not a member of; is not an element of /nɒt bɪ'lɒŋ/ /nɒt ə 'membə/ /nɒt ən 'e ⊂contained in; a proper subset of /kən'teɪnd ɪn/ /'prɒpə 'sʌbset/⊆contained in; subset /'sʌbset/⋂intersection /'ɪntəsekʃən/⋃union /'juːnɪən/∀for all /fə rɔ:l/cos x cos x; cosine x /kɒz/sin x sine x /saɪn/tan x tangent x /tan/cosec x cosec x /'kəʊsek/sinh x shine x /'ʃaɪn/cosh x cosh x /'kɒʃ/tanh x than x /θæn/|x| mod x; modulus x /mɒd/ /'mɒdjʊləs/℃degrees Centigrade /dɪ'gri:z 'sentɪgreɪd/℉degrees Fahrenheit /dɪ'gri:z 'færənhaɪt/°K degrees Kelvin /dɪ'gri:z 'kelvɪn/0°K, –273.15 °C absolute zero /absəlu:t zi:rəʊ/mm millimetre /'mɪlɪmiːtə/cm centimetre /'sentɪmiːtə/cc, cm³cubic centimetre, centimetre cubed /'kjuːbɪk 'sentɪmiːtə/ /'sentɪmiːtə 'kju: m metre /'miːtə/km kilometre /kɪ'lɒmɪtə/mg milligram /'mɪlɪgræm/g gram /græm/kg kilogram /'kɪləgræm/AC A.C. /eɪ si:/DC D.C. /di: si:/Examplesx + 1 x plus onex -1 x minus onex ± 1 x plus or minus onexy x y; x times y; x multiplied by y(x — y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus yx/y x over y; x divided by y;x ÷ y x divided by yx = 5 x equals 5; x is equal to 5x ≈ y x is approximately equal to yx ≡ y x is equivalent to y; x is identical with yx ≠ y x is not equal to yx > y x is greater than yx < y x is less than yx ≥ y x is greater than or equal to yx ≤ y x is less than or equal to y0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 10 ≤ x ≤ 1zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1x²x squaredx³x cubedx4 x to the fourth; x to the power fourxn x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power nx-n x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n√root x; square root x; the square root of x∛the cube root of x∜the fourth root of xthe nth root of x(x + y)²x plus y all squared(x/y)²x over y all squaredn! n factorial; factorial nx% x percent∞infinityx ∝y x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to yx ∝1/y x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to yẋx dotẍx double dotf(x) fx f of x; the function of xf'(x) f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to xf''x f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to xf'''(x) f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x f(4) f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x∂v the partial derivative of v∂v∂θdelta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ∂²v∂θ²delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to θdv the derivative of vdv dθ d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to thetad²v dθ² d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta,∫integralintegral from zero to infinity∑sumthe sum from i equals 1 to nw.r.t. with respect tologey log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y∴therefore∵because→gives, approachesΔx → 0delta x approaches zerolimΔx→0the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zeroLtΔx→0the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zerom/sec metres per secondx ∈A x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of Ax∉ A x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of AA⊂ B A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of BA ⊆B A is contained in B; A is a subset of BA ⋂B A intersection BA ⋃B A union Bcos x cos x; cosine xsin x sine xtan x tangent x, tan xcosec x cosec xsinh x shine xcosh x cosh xtanh x than x|x| mod x; modulus x18 ℃eighteen degrees Centigrade70 ℉seventy degrees FahrenheitGreek alphabetΑαalpha /'ælfə/Ββbeta /'bi:tə/Γγgamma /'gæmə/Δδdelta /'deltə/Εεepsilon /'epsilən/Ζζzeta /'ziːtə/Ηηeta /'iːtə/Θθtheta /'θiːtə/Ιιiota /aɪ'əʊtə/Κκkappa /'kæpə/Λλlamda /'læmdə/ Μμmu /'mjuː/Ννnu /'njuː/Ξξxi /'ksaɪ/Οοomicron /'əʊmɪkrən/ Ππpi /'paɪ/Ρρςrho /'rəʊ/Σσsigma /'sɪgmə/Ττtau /'tɑʊ/Υυupsilon /'jʊpsɪlən/ Φφphi /'faɪ/Χχchi /'kaɪ/Ψψ psi /'psaɪ/Ωω omega /'əʊmɪgə/ ^Roman alphabetA a /'eɪ/B b /'biː/C c /'siː/D d /'diː/E e /'iː/F f /'ef/G g /'ʤiː/H h /'eɪʧ/I i /'aɪ/J j /'ʤeɪ/K k /'keɪ/L l /'el/M m /'em/N n /'en/O o /'əʊ/P p /'piː/Q q /'kjuː/R r /'ɑː/S s /'es/T t /'ti:/U u /'ju:/V v /'vi:/W w /'dʌbljuː/X x /'eks/Y y /'waɪ/Z z /'zed/^Fractions½ a half /ə 'hɑ:f/¼ a quarter /ə 'kwɔːtə/¾ three quarters /θriː 'kwɔːtəz/⅓ a third /ə'θɜ:d/⅔ two thirds /tu: 'θɜ:dz/⅕a fifth /ə 'fɪfθ/⅖t wo fifths /tu: 'fɪfθs/⅗t hree fifths /θriː 'fɪfθs/⅘f our fifths /fɔː 'fɪfθs/⅙a sixth /ə 'sɪksθ/⅚f ive sixths /faɪv 'sɪksθs/⅛ an eighth /ən 'eɪtθ/⅜ three eighths /θriː 'eɪtθs/⅝ five eighths /faɪv 'eɪtθs/⅞ seven eighths /sevən 'eɪtθs/^Decimal Fractions0.1 nought point one /nɔ:t pɔɪnt wʌn/0.01 nought point oh one /nɔ:t pɔɪnt əʊ wʌn/0.0001 nought point oh oh oh one /ten pɔɪnt əʊəʊəʊ wʌn/1.1 one point one /wʌn pɔɪnt wʌn/1.2 one point two /wʌn pɔɪnt tu:/1.23 one point two three /wʌn pɔɪnt tu: θri:/1.0123 one point oh one two three /wʌn pɔɪnt əʊ wʌn tu: θri:/10.01 ten point oh one /ten pɔɪnt əʊ wʌn/21.57 twenty-one point five seven /'twentɪ wʌn pɔɪnt faɪv 'sevən/ 2.6666666666.... two point six recurring /tu: pɔɪnt sɪks rɪ'kɜ:rɪŋ/2.612361236123... two point six one two three recurring /tu: pɔɪnt sɪks wʌn tu: θri: rɪ'kɜ:rɪŋ/ 2.5 million two point five million /tu: pɔɪnt faɪv 'mɪljən/^SI Units: Prefixes10-24 yocto y /'jɒktəʊ/10-21 zepto z /'zeptəʊ/10-18 atto a /'atəʊ/10-15 femto f /'femtəʊ/10-12 pico p /'pi:kəʊ/10-9 nano n /'nanəʊ/10-6 micro µ/'maɪkrəʊ/10-3 milli m /'mɪlɪ/10-2 centi c /'sentɪ/10-1 deci d /'desɪ/103 kilo k /'kɪləʊ/106 mega M /'megə/109 giga G /'gɪgə/1012 tera T /'terə/1015 peta P /'petə/1018 exa E /'eksə/1021 zetta Z /'zetə/1024 yotta Y /'jɒtə/1027 xona X /'zəʊnə/1030 weka W /'wekə/1033 vunda V /'vʊndə/^Cardinal Numbers1 one /wʌn/2 two /tu:/3 three /θri:/4 four /fɔː/5 five /faɪv/6 six /sɪks/7 seven /'sevən/8 eight /eɪt/9 nine /naɪn/10 ten /ten/11 eleven /ɪ'levən/12 twelve /twelv/13 thirteen /θɜ:'ti:n/14 fourteen /fɔː'ti:n/15 fifteen /fɪf'ti:n/16 sixteen /sɪkst'i:n/17 seventeen /seven'ti:n/18 eighteen /eɪ'ti:n/19 nineteen /naɪn'ti:n/20 twenty /'twentɪ/21 twenty-one /twentɪ'wʌn/22 twenty-two /twentɪ'tu:/23 twenty-three /twentɪ'θri:/24 twenty-four /twentɪ'fɔː/25 twenty-five /twentɪ'faɪv/26 twenty-six /twentɪ'sɪks/27 twenty-seven /twentɪ'sevən/28 twenty-eight /twentɪ'eɪt/29 twenty-nine /twentɪ'naɪn/30 thirty /'θɜ:tɪ/40 forty /'fɔːtɪ/50 fifty /'fɪftɪ/60 sixty /'sɪkstɪ/70 seventy /'sevəntɪ/80 eighty /'eɪtɪ/90 ninety /'naɪntɪ/100 a hundred; one hundred /ə 'hʌndrəd/ /w 101 a hundred and one /ə 'hʌndrəd ən w 102 a hundred and two /ə 'hʌndrəd ən t 110 a hundred and ten /ə 'hʌndrəd ən t 120 a hundred and twenty /ə 'hʌndrəd ən ' 200 two hundred /tu: 'hʌndrəd/ 300 three hundred /θri: 'hʌndrəd 400 four hundred /fɔː 'hʌndrəd/ 500 five hundred /faɪv 'hʌndrəd/ 600 six hundred /sɪks 'hʌndrəd/ 700 seven hundred /'sevən 'hʌndrə800 eight hundred /eɪt 'hʌndrəd/ 900 nine hundred /naɪn 'hʌndrəd/ 1 000 a thousand, one thousand /əθ'ɑʊzənd/ /w 1 001 a thousand and one /ə'θɑʊzənd ən 1 010 a thousand and ten /ə'θɑʊzənd ən 1 020 a thousand and twenty /ə'θɑʊzənd ən 1 100 one thousand, one hunded /wʌn 'θɑʊzənd 1 101 one thousand, one hundred and one /wʌn 'θɑʊzənd 1 110 one thousand, one hundred and ten /wʌn 'θɑʊzənd9 999 nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine /naɪn 'θɑʊzənd10 000 ten thousand /ten 'θɑʊzənd/ 15 356 fifteen thousand, three hundred and fifty six /'fɪfti:n 'θɑʊzən 100 000 a hundred thousand /ə 'hʌndrəd 'θɑʊ1 000 000 a million /ə 'mɪljən/100 000 000 a hundred million /ə 'hʌndrəd 'mɪ1 000 000 000 a billion /ə 'bɪljən/100 000 000 000 a hundred billion /ə 'hʌndrəd 'bɪl 1 000 000 000 000 a trillion /ə 'trɪljən/1 000 000 000 000 000 a quadrillion /ə kwɒdrɪljən/ 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 a quintillian /ə kwɪn'tɪljən/ 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 a sextillion /ə seks'tɪljən/1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 a septillion /ə sep'tɪljən/1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 an ocillion /ən ɒkt'tɪljən/ 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 a nonillion /ə nɒn'ɪljən/1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 a decillion /ə de'sɪljən/^Ordinal Numbers1st first /fɜ:st/2nd second /'sekənd/3rd third /θɜ:d/4th fourth /fɔ:θ/5th fifth /fɪfθ/6th sixth /sɪksθ/7th seventh /'sevənθ/8th eighth /eɪtθ/9th ninth /naɪnθ/10th tenth /tenθ/11th eleventh /ɪ'levənθ/12th twelfth /'twelfθ/13th thirteenth /θɜ:'ti:nθ/14th fourtheenth /fɔː'ti:nθ/15th fidteenth /fɪf'ti:nθ/16th sixteenth /sɪks'ti:nθ/17th seventeenth /seven'ti:nθ/ 18th eighteenth /eɪ'ti:nθ/19th nineteenth /naɪn'ti:nθ/20th twentieth /'twentɪəθ/21st twenty-first /twentɪ'fɜ:st/ 22nd twenty-second /twentɪ'sekənd/ 23rd twenty-third /twentɪ'θɜ:d/ 24th twenty-fourth /twentɪ'fɔ:θ/25th twenty-fifth /twentɪ'fɪfθ/26th twenty-sixth /twentɪ'sɪksθ/ 27th twenty-seventh /twentɪ'sevənθ/ 28th twenty-eighth /twentɪ'eɪtθ/29th twenty-ninth /twentɪ'naɪnθ/ 30th thirtieth /'θɜːtɪəθ/31st thirty-first /θɜːtɪ'fɜ:st/40th fortieth /'fɔ:tɪəθ/50th fiftieth /'fɪftɪəθ/100th hundredth /'hʌndrədθ/1 000th thousandth /'θɑʊzəndθ/1 000 000th millionth /'mɪljənθ/。
主要数学符号(English)
主要数学符号的英文读法+ plus 加号；正号- minus 减号；负号± plus or minus 正负号× multiplied by 乘号÷ divided by 除号＝be equal to 等于号≠be not equal to 不等于号≡be equivalent to 全等于号≌ be equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号≈be approximately equal to 约等于号＜be less than 小于号＞be more than 大于号≮be not less than 不小于号≯be not more than 不大于号≤be less than or equal to 小于或等于号≥be more than or equal to 大于或等于号% per cent 百分之…‰ per mille 千分之…∞infinity 无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例√(square) root 平方根∵since; because 因为∴hence 所以∷equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例∠angle 角⌒semicircle 半圆⊙circle 圆○circumference 圆周πpi 圆周率△triangle 三角形⊥perpendicular to 垂直于∪union of 并，合集∩intersection of 交，通集∫the integral of …的积分∑(sigma) summation of 总和° degree 度′minute 分〃second 秒℃Celsius system 摄氏度() round brackets(parentheses)[] square brackets{} braces( open parenthesis, open paren 左圆括号) close parenthesis, close paren 右圆括号[ open bracket 左方括号] close bracket 右方括号{ open brace, open curly 左花括号} close brace, close curly 右花括号《》 French quotes 法文引号;书名号. period, dot 句号，点| vertical bar, vertical virgule 竖线ǁparallel 双线号& ampersand, and, reference, ref 和，引用/ slash, divide, oblique, virgule 斜线，斜杠，除号// slash-slash, comment 双斜线，注释符# pound 井号\ backslash, sometimes escape 反斜线转义符，有时表示转义符或续行符~ tilde 波浪符. full stop 句号, comma 逗号: colon 冒号; semicolon 分号? question mark 问号! exclamation mark (英式英语) exclamation point (美式英语)' apostrophe 撇号- hyphen 连字号-- dash 破折号... dots/ ellipsis 省略号" single quotation marks 单引号"" double quotation marks 双引号§ section; division 分节号→arrow 箭号；参见号_ underscore 下划线¨ tandem colon 双点号" ditto同上符号～swung dash 代字号LognX logx to the base nf(x) the function of xdx diffrencial of xx+y x plus y(a+b) bracket a plus b bracket closeda=b a equals ba≠b a isn't equal to ba>b a is greater than ba>>b a is much greater than ba≥b a is greater than or equal to bx→∞x approches infinityx2 x squarex3 x cubexn the nth power of x√￣x the square root of x3√￣x the cube root of xn√￣x the nth root of x6 % 6 percent3‰ 3 per mille3‰ three peimilln∑i=1xi the summation of x where x goes from 1to nn∏i=1xi the product of x sub i where igoes from 1to n∫ab integral betweens a and b>> is approximately equal to( ) round brackets; parentheses[ ] square brackets{ } braces2 :3 the ratio of two to threeD x or d x the increment of xdx differential xdy/dx the first derivative of y with respect to x1/2 a half; one half2/3 two thirds5/123 five over a hundred and twenty-three0.01 O point O one; zero point zero one; nought point nought one r=xd r equals x multiplied by d5* 2=10 five times two equals tenx3/8=y2 x raised to the third power divided by eight equals y squared (a+b-c* d)/e=f a plus b minus c multiplied by d all divided by e equals fy = (Wt-W)/x y equals W sub t minus W over xΑ α alpha alfa 阿耳法 Β β beta beta 贝塔 Γ γ gamma gamma 伽马 Δ δ delta delta 德耳塔 Ε ε epsilon epsilon 艾普西隆 Ζ ζ zeta zeta 截塔 Η η eta eta 艾塔 Θ θ theta θita 西塔 Ι ι iota iota 约塔 Κ κ kappa kappa 卡帕 ∧ λ lambda lambda 兰姆达 Μ μ mu miu 缪 Ν ν nu niu 纽 Ξ ξ xi ksi 可塞 Ο ο omicron omikron 奥密可戎 ∏ π pi pai 派 Ρ ρ rho rou 柔 ∑ σ sigma sigma 西格马 Τ τ tau tau 套 Υ υ upsilon jupsilon 衣普西隆 Φ φ phi fai 斐 Χ χ chi khai 喜 Ψ ψ psi psai 普西 Ω ω omega omiga 欧米伽。
常用数学符号英文对照
常用数学符号英文对照Basic math symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example= equals sign equality 5 = 2+35 is equal to 2+3≠not equal sign inequality 5 ≠ 45 is not equal to 4≈approximatelyequal approximationsin(0.01) ≈ 0.01,x≈y means x isapproximately equal to y> strictinequality greater than5 > 45 is greater than 4< strictinequality less than4 < 54 is less than 5≥inequality greater than or equal to 5 ≥ 4,x≥y means x is greater than or equal to y≤inequality less than or equal to 4 ≤ 5,x ≤ y means x is greater than or equal to y( ) parentheses calculate expressioninside first2 × (3+5) = 16[ ] brackets calculate expressioninside first[(1+2)×(1+5)] = 18 + plus sign addition 1 + 1 = 2−minus sign subtraction 2 − 1 = 1±plus - minus both plus and minusoperations3 ± 5 = 8 and -2±minus - plus both minus and plusoperations3 ± 5 = -2 and 8* asterisk multiplication 2 * 3 = 6×times sign multiplication 2 × 3 = 6·multiplicationdotmultiplication 2 · 3 = 6÷division sign /obelusdivision 6 ÷ 2 = 3/ division slash division 6 / 2 = 3–horizontal line division / fractionmod modulo remainder calculation 7 mod 2 = 1. period decimal point, decimalseparator2.56 = 2+56/100a b power exponent 23= 8a^b caret exponent 2 ^ 3= 8√a square root √a ·√a = a√9 = ±33√a cube root 3√a ·3√a ·3√a = a3√8 = 24√a fourth root 4√a ·4√a ·4√a ·4√a =a4√16 = ±2n√a n-th root(radical)for n=3, n√8 = 2 % percent1% = 1/100 10% × 30 = 3‰per-mille1‰ = 1/1000 = 0.1% 10‰× 30 = 0.3 ppm per-million1ppm = 1/1000000 10ppm × 30 = 0.0003 ppb per-billion 1ppb = 1/1000000000 10ppb × 30 = 3×10-7Geometry symbolsSymbolSymbol NameMeaning / definitionExample∠angle formed by two rays ∠ABC = 30°measured angle ABC = 30°sphericalangleAOB = 30°∟ right angle = 90° α = 90°°degree 1 turn = 360° α = 60° degdegree1 turn = 360degα = 60deg ′ primearcminute, 1° = 60′α = 60°59′″double prime arcsecond, 1′ = 60″ α = 60°59′59″line infinite lineABline segment line from point A to point Bray line that start from point Aarc arc from point A to point B= 60°⊥ perpendicular perpendicular lines (90° angle) AC ⊥ BC| | parallel parallel lines AB | | CD≅ congruent toequivalence of geometric shapes and size∆ABC ≅ ∆XYZ~similarity same shapes, not same size ∆ABC~ ∆XYZΔtriangle triangle shape ΔABC≅ΔBCD |x-y| distance distance between points x and y | x-y| = 5πpi constant π= 3.141592654...is the ratio between the circumferenceand diameter of a circlec= π·d=2·π·rrad radians radians angle unit 360° = 2π rad c radians radians angle unit 360° = 2πcgrad gradians /gonsgrads angle unit 360° = 400 gradggradians /gonsgrads angle unit 360° = 400 gAlgebra symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Examplex x variable unknown value to find when 2x= 4, then x= 2 ≡equivalence identical to≜equal by definition equal by definition:= equal by definition equal by definition~ approximately equal weak approximation 11 ~ 10≈approximately equal approximation sin(0.01) ≈ 0.01∝proportional to proportional to y∝x when y= kx,k constant ∞lemniscate infinity symbol≪much less than much less than 1 ≪ 1000000≫much greater than much greater than 1000000 ≫ 1( ) parentheses calculate expressioninside first2 * (3+5) = 16[ ] brackets calculate expressioninside first[(1+2)*(1+5)] = 18 { } braces set⌊x⌋floor brackets rounds number to lowerinteger⌊ 4.3⌋ = 4⌈x⌉ceiling brackets rounds number to upperinteger⌈ 4.3⌉ = 5x! exclamation mark factorial4! = 1*2*3*4 = 24 | x|single vertical bar absolute value | -5 | = 5f (x) function of x maps values of x to f(x) f (x) = 3x+5(f∘g) function composition(f∘g) (x)= f (g(x))f (x)=3x,g(x)=x-1 ⇒(f∘g)(x)=3(x-1)(a,b) open interval (a,b) ={x| a< x< b}x∈ (2,6)[a,b] closed interval [a,b] ={x| a≤x≤b}x∈ [2,6]∆delta change / difference ∆t= t1 -t0∆discriminant Δ = b2- 4ac∑sigma summation - sum of allvalues in range of series∑x i= x1+x2+...+x n∑∑sigma double summation∏capital piproduct - product of all values in range of series∏ x i =x 1∙x 2∙...∙x nee constant / Euler's numbere = 2.718281828... e = lim (1+1/x )x , x →∞γ Euler-Mascheroni const antγ = 0.527721566...φgolden ratio golden ratio constantπpi constantπ = 3.141592654...is the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circlec = π·d = 2·π·rLinear Algebra SymbolsSymbolSymbol NameMeaning / definitionExample· dot scalar producta ·b ×cross vector producta ×b A ⊗Btensor product tensor product of A and BA ⊗ Binner product[ ] brackets matrix of numbers( ) parentheses matrix of numbers| A | determinant determinant of matrix Adet(A )determinant determinant of matrix A|| x || double vertical bars normA Ttranspose matrix transpose(A T)ij = (A )jiProbability and statistics symbols Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example P(A) probabilityfunctionprobability of event A P(A) = 0.5P(A∩B) probability ofeventsintersectionprobability that of events Aand BP(A∩B) = 0.5P(A∪B) probability ofevents union probability that of events Aor BP(A∪B) = 0.5P(A| B) conditionalprobabilityfunctionprobability of event A givenevent B occuredP(A | B) = 0.3f (x) probabilitydensityfunction (pdf)P(a ≤x ≤b)= ∫ f (x)dxF(x) cumulativedistributionfunction (cdf)F(x) = P(X≤x)μpopulation mean mean of population values μ= 10E(X) expectationvalue expected value of randomvariable XE(X) = 10E(X | Y) conditionalexpectation expected value of randomvariable X given YE(X | Y=2) = 5var (X )variancevariance of random variable Xvar (X ) = 4σ2variance variance of population valuesσ2 = 4std (X )standard deviation standard deviation of random variable Xstd (X ) = 2σX standard deviationstandard deviation value of random variable X σX = 2medianmiddle value of random variable xcov (X ,Y ) covariancecovariance of random variables X and Y cov (X,Y ) = 4corr (X ,Y ) correlationcorrelation of random variables X and Y corr (X,Y ) = 0.6ρX ,Ycorrelationcorrelation of random variables X and YρX ,Y= 0.6∑summationsummation - sum of all values in range of series∑∑double summationdouble summationMo mode value that occurs most frequently in populationMR mid-rangeMR = (x max +x min )/2Mdsample median half the population is below this valueQ 1lower / first quartile25% of population are below this valueQ 2median / second quartile50% of population are below this value = median of samplesQ3upper / thirdquartile 75% of population are below this valuex sample mean average / arithmetic mean x= (2+5+9) / 3 = 5.333s2sample variance population samples varianceestimators2= 4s sample standarddeviation population samples standard deviation estimators= 2z x standard score z x= (x-x) /s xX ~ distribution of X distribution of randomvariable XX ~N(0,3)N(μ,σ2) normaldistributiongaussian distribution X ~N(0,3)U(a,b) uniformdistributionequal probability in rangea,bX ~U(0,3)exp(λ) exponentialdistributionf (x)= λe-λx, x≥0gamma(c, λ) gammadistributionf (x)= λ c x c-1e-λx/ Γ(c), x≥0χ2(k) chi-squaredistributionf (x)= x k/2-1e-x/2/( 2k/2 Γ(k/2) )F (k1, k2) F distributionBin(n,p) binomialdistributionf (k)= n C k p k(1-p)n-kPoisson(λ) Poissondistributionf (k)= λk e-λ/ k!Geom(p) geometricdistributionf (k)= p(1-p)kHG(N,K,n) hyper-geometric distributionBern(p) Bernoulli distributionSet theory symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example{ } set a collection of elements A = {3,7,9,14},B = {9,14,28}A ∩B intersection objects that belong to set A and setBA ∩B = {9,14}A ∪B union objects that belong to set A or setBA ∪B ={3,7,9,14,28}A ⊆B subset subset has fewer elements or equal tothe set{9,14,28} ⊆{9,14,28}A ⊂B proper subset /strict subsetsubset has fewer elements than theset{9,14} ⊂{9,14,28}A ⊄B not subset left set not a subset of right set {9,66} ⊄{9,14,28}A ⊇B superset set A has more elements or equal tothe set B{9,14,28} ⊇{9,14,28}A ⊃B proper superset /strict supersetset A has more elements than set B{9,14,28} ⊃{9,14}A ⊅B not superset set A is not a superset of set B {9,14,28} ⊅{9,66}2Apower set all subsets of Apower set all subsets of AA =B equalityboth sets have the same membersA={3,9,14},B={3,9,14}, A=BA ccomplementall the objects that do not belong to set AA \B relative complementobjects that belong to A and not to BA = {3,9,14},B = {1,2,3}, A-B = {9,14} A - B relative complementobjects that belong to A and not to BA = {3,9,14},B = {1,2,3}, A-B = {9,14} A ∆ Bsymmetric differenceobjects that belong to A or B but not to their intersectionA = {3,9,14},B = {1,2,3}, A ∆ B = {1,2,9,14} A ⊖ Bsymmetric differenceobjects that belong to A or B but not to their intersectionA = {3,9,14},B = {1,2,3}, A ⊖ B = {1,2,9,14}a ∈Aelement of set membershipA={3,9,14}, 3 ∈ Ax ∉ A not element ofno set membershipA={3,9,14}, 1 ∉ A(a ,b ) ordered pair collection of 2 elementsA ×B cartesian product set of all ordered pairs from A and B|A| cardinalitythe number of elements of set AA={3,9,14}, |A|=3 #Acardinality the number of elements of set AA={3,9,14}, #A=3aleph-nullinfinite cardinality of natural numbers setaleph-one cardinality of countable ordinal numbers setØ empty set Ø = { }C = {Ø}universal set set of all possible valuesnatural numbers /whole numbers set (with zero) 0= {0,1,2,3,4,...} 0 ∈1natural numbers /whole numbers set (without zero)1= {1,2,3,4,5,...} 6 ∈1integer numbers set={...-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,...}-6 ∈rational numbers set= {x | x =a /b , a ,b ∈}2/6 ∈real numbers set= {x | -∞ < x <∞} 6.343434∈complex numbers set= {z | z=a +bi , -∞<a <∞, -∞<b <∞}6+2i ∈∨reversed caret or x∨y | vertical line or x| y x' single quote not - negation x'x bar not - negation x¬not not - negation ¬x ! exclamation mark not - negation ! x⊕circled plus / oplus exclusive or - xor x⊕y ~ tilde negation ~ x⇒implies⇔equivalent if and only if (iff)↔equivalent if and only if (iff)∀for all∃there exists∄there does not exists∴therefore∵because / sinceCalculus & analysis symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Examplelimit limit value of a functionεepsilonrepresents a very small number, near zeroε → 0eeconstant / Euler's numbere = 2.718281828...e = lim(1+1/x )x,x →∞y ' derivativederivative - Lagrange's notation (3x 3)' = 9x 2y '' second derivative derivative of derivative(3x 3)'' = 18xy (n )nth derivativen times derivation(3x 3)(3)= 18derivativederivative - Leibniz's notation d (3x 3)/dx = 9x 2secondderivativederivative of derivatived 2(3x 3)/dx 2 = 18xnthderivativen times derivationtime derivative derivative by time - Newton's notationtime second derivativederivative of derivativeD x y derivative derivative - Euler's notationD x 2ysecond derivativederivative of derivativepartialderivative∂(x 2+y 2)/∂x = 2x∫ integral opposite to derivation∫ f(x)dx∫∫ double integral integration of function of 2 variables∫∫ f(x,y)dxdy ∫∫∫triple integral integration of function of 3 variables∫∫∫ f(x,y,z)dxdydz∮closedcontour / line integral∯closedsurface integral∰closedvolume integral[a ,b ] closed interval [a ,b ] ={x | a ≤ x ≤ b }(a ,b )open interval (a ,b ) ={x | a < x < b }i imaginary unit i ≡ √-1 z = 3 + 2iz * complex conjugate z = a +bi → z *=a -bi z* = 3 - 2izcomplex conjugatez = a +bi → z = a -bi z = 3 - 2i∇ nabla / del gradient / divergence operator ∇f (x ,y ,z )vectorunit vectorx * y convolutiony (t ) = x (t ) * h (t )) = {{。
数学符号英语表达
数学符号英语表达
数学符号是用来表示数学概念和运算的特殊符号。
在数学中，不同的符号有不同的含义和用法。
下面是一些常见的数学符号及其英语表达：
+ 加 (plus)
- 减 (minus)
×乘 (times)
÷除 (divided by)
= 等于 (equals)
≠不等于 (not equal to)
< 小于 (less than)
> 大于 (greater than)
≤小于等于 (less than or equal to)
≥大于等于 (greater than or equal to)
√开方 (square root)
^ 幂 (exponent)
% 百分号 (percent)
π圆周率 (pi)
e 自然对数的底数 (Euler's number)
除了这些常见的数学符号外，还有很多其他符号，如集合符号、积分符号、极限符号等等。
掌握这些符号的英语表达，可以帮助我们更好地理解和应用数学知识。
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英语数学符号
+plus加号；正号
-minus减号；负号
±plus or minus正负号
×is multiplied by乘号
÷is divided by除号
＝is equal to等于号
≠is not equal to不等于号
≡is equivalent to全等于号
≌is equal to or approximately equal to等于或约等于号
≈is approximately equal to约等于号
＜is less than小于号
＞is greater than大于号
≮is not less than不小于号
≯is not more than不大于号
≤is less than or equal to小于或等于号
≥is more than or equal to大于或等于号
%per cent百分之…
‰per mill千分之…
∞infinity无限大号
∝varies as与…成比例
√(square) root平方根
∵since; because因为
∴hence所以
∷equals, as (proportion)等于，成比例∠angle角
≲semicircle半圆
≰circle圆
○circumference圆周
πpi 圆周率
△triangle三角形
≱perpendicular to垂直于
∪union of并，合集
∩intersection of 交，通集
∫the integral of …的积分
∑(sigma) summation of总和
°degree度
′minute分
″second秒
℃Celsius system摄氏度
{open brace, open curly左花括号
}close brace, close curly右花括号
(open parenthesis, open paren左圆括号
)close parenthesis, close paren右圆括号
() brakets/ parentheses括号
[open bracket 左方括号
]close bracket 右方括号
[] square brackets方括号
.period, dot句号，点
|vertical bar, vertical virgule竖线
&ersand, and, reference, ref和，引用
*asterisk, multiply, star, pointer星号，乘号，星，指针
/slash, divide, oblique 斜线，斜杠，除号
//slash-slash, comment 双斜线，注释符
#pound井号
\backslash, sometimes escape反斜线转义符，有时表示转义符或续行符
~tilde波浪符
.full stop句号
,comma逗号
:colon冒号
;semicolon分号
?question mark问号
!exclamation mark (英式英语) exclamation point (美式英语)
'apostrophe撇号
-hyphen连字号
-- dash 破折号
...dots/ ellipsis省略号
"single quotation marks 单引号
""double quotation marks 双引号
‖parallel 双线号
&ersand = and
～swung dash 代字号
§section; division 分节号
→arrow 箭号；参见号。