完整word版,高考英语阅读理解题题型解读与应试技巧

高考英语阅读理解题题型解读与应试技巧高考英语试卷阅读理解占40分，居各题型之首。可以说阅读理解能力的高低；是能否取得高考英语好成绩的关键之所在。同时还有完形填空、阅读表达、阅读填空等题型，其实质都在考查学生们的阅读理解能力。纵观近几年各省市高考英语卷中阅读理解，考生出现的错误大多集中在文章能轻松读懂而题目偏难的陷阱题中。所以要想提高阅读理解得分，不仅需要提高自身英语基础，还要掌握高考试题出题思路、出题规律以及各类型题的解题技巧。

1．事实细节题：

一般针对某个特定的细节而提出，难度较小，属浅层理解。考生通过通读全文后可直接找出答题依据。细节理解题有三种题型：纯细节题、计算题、细节推断题。三类题中细节推断题一般难度较大，考生要细细推敲。从最近几年的高考题看来细节理解题占了考题的一半左右。

设题方式：

①单词替换

②颠倒因果

③扩大范围

④常识判断

解题秘诀：回扣原文

①根据题干所及的时间、地点、人物等回扣原文。特别注意：五个w (who,

which, when, where, what), 一个h (how)以及其它特殊之处

②根据设题顺序回扣原文所在语句，比较有效信息。如数字、日期、时间等。

③根据题干中的关键词或其同义词回扣原文（如名词、动词、形容词）

④回扣原文中的难句定位，一般来说，难句都是出题点。这时应注意文中的

同位语，破折号，括号，省略号等

实例解析：

1．2003年高考英语阅读理解题第56题：

It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha _________.

A. was named after its discoverer

B. got its name from Holland settlers

C. was named by the British government

D. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records

答案为A。

原文第一段原句为“Discovered by the Portuguese admiral (葡萄牙海军上将) of the sa me name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a pop ulation of a few hundred.”表明该岛屿的命名者为其发现者。

2．NMET2004全国卷二65题

65. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?

A.1

B.4

C. 23

D.44

答案为B。

原文细节材料为Due in part to old, inefficient batteries, Helios f inished fourth—out of four—in its kind, the sun—powered class. “W e were there for the fun of it.” Anna says. “We’re proud of Helios,”says Ariel Gleicher, 14. “It’s a car that’s good for the environm ent.” 应注意细节out of four。

2．词意猜测题：

此类题目要求考生正确理解短文中一些关键词、短语或句子的含义。

设题方式：

①一般是利用多种表达法、词的多个意性、同近义词语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等方式来考查。

②常见的设问形式：

①The underlined word in the…paragraph refers to / means _______ _.

②What does “ ________” in paragraph… stand for / mean?

③“_______” could best be replaced by which of the following?

④The expression / phrase “_______” me ans ________.

⑤The word “_______” is closest in meaning to ________.。

解题秘诀：上下文推理

①代入替换法。把四个选项分别代入题干，据语言逻辑判断哪个更加符合上

下文的逻辑意思。

②在上下文中寻找同词性的词或词组。做这类题的关键是：该单词本身并不

重要，重要的是该单词的上下文

③利用语法和逻辑。有时根据上下文提代的线索或者其他方法，仍然不能得

到唯一答案，就可以利用语法和逻辑方面的规则来判断，符合语法和逻辑规则的可能为正确答案，反之则不是正确答案。

实例解析：

1．2007年全国卷I 69题

The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probabl y mean ________.

A. attracted to teaching

B. tired of teaching

C. satisfied with teaching

D. unhappy about teaching

答案为A

原文材料为Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Neb raska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and chan ged his major from medicine to education.使用代入替换法，易得A项。2。2007浙江卷59题

What does the underlined phras e “this battle”(last paragraph) re fer to?

A. The war between the boy’s parents.

B. The arguing between the boy and his mother.

C. The quarrel between the boy and his customers.

D. The fight between the boy and his father.

答案为B

原文材料为My mother and I had fought this battle almost as long a s I could remember. My mother, dissatisfied with my father’s plain w