科技英语复习资料汇编
科技英语复习内容(考试)
Unit 1A. 1) mutual gain game and mutual harm game互赢博弈和互败博弈2) sequential –move game连续策略博弈3) simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈4) linear reasoning直线推理5) circular reasoning循环推理6) Nash reasoning纳什均衡7) dominant strategy支配性策略8) optimal result最优化结果9) breakdown of cooperation合作破裂10) strategy of brinkmanship边缘化策略B. 1) 完全博弈pure conflict 2) 竞争与合作competition and cooperation3) 策略性相互作用strategic interdependence 4) 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma5) 长远性损失ong-run loss 6) 针锋相对策略tit-for-tat strategy7) 策略混合mixing one’s moves8) 打斜线球或底线球hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line9) 垄断性市场monopoly market 10) 均衡份额equilibrium sharesUnit 5A. 1) the existing technology 现有的技术2) voice commands语音命令3) cellular network蜂窝网络4) slot for added memory附加存储卡用槽5) have computerlike fearues具有电脑功能6) a built-in digital camera内置式数码相机7) set up temporary offices建立临时办公室8) word processing power文字处理能力9) qwerty keboard标准键盘10) location-based services定位服务B. 1) 闪存容量flashy memory 2) 手机观察家们mobile-phone watchers3) 投影键盘projection keyboard 4) 个人电脑的捍卫者defenders of the PC5) 语音识别系统speech-recognition system 6) “双铰”式设计―dual hinge‖ design7) 按钮式拨号式键盘the touch-tone pad 8) 手机迷a phone guy9) 豪华大屏显the luxuriously large screen 10) 智能手机smartphonesUnit 8A 1) ferrous metal 黑色金属2) boron nitride 氮化硼3) elastic deformation 弹性形变4) plastic deformation 塑性形变5) bulk modulus体积模量6) volume compression 体积压缩7) linear compression 线性压缩8) shear modulus 剪切模9) covalent bond 共价键10) irreversible motion 不可恢复运动B 1) 剪切运动shear motion 2）过渡金属transition mental 3）纳米结构nanostructure4）结晶粒度grain size 5）三元相ternary phases 6）高价电子high valence electron7）导热性能thermal conductivity 8) 低耗合成low-cost synthesis9）耐磨涂层wear-risistant coating 10）折光指数index refractionUnit 11. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential and simultaneous.博奕的实质是博弈者采取策略间相互依赖性，这种策略性相互依赖表瑞为两个不同类别，连续策略之间和联力策略间的相互作用。
科技英语综合练习复习资料(附答案)
科技英语综合练习复习资料(附答案)科技英语综合练习复习资料阅读理解Unit 1 term “games” in game theory all shares the characteristic of______?参考答案：D to the passage, recent research of game theory lays its emphasis on games conflict cooperation and cooperation 参考答案： D simultaneous-move games, the player should how the other players respond and then respond in turn conscious of the other players5 current actions thinking in a linear chain of reasoning and calculate the possible outcome to select his best response to what the others do 参考答案：D the sentence ‘‘Other games were considered in a cooperative form. That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement theiractions jointly”，the underlined word “implement” means .____ 履行参考答案：B can i nfer from “The Prisoner’s Dilemma” of game theory that_____: belongs to the so-called zero-sum games because the interests af the prisoners conflict totally equilibrium can be reached in repeated plays of the game i参考答案：B to the authors, which of the following statements il true? ’s concept of equilibrium addresses the issues of both sequential-move and simultaneous-move games. pursuit of an equilibrium should end up looking for dominant strategies or eliminating dominated players. ’s concept of equilibrium doesn’t specify the dynamic process which can result in an equilibrium. equilibrium will ultimately be arrived at in simultaneous-move games. 参考答案：C keep the rival guessing or losing, the useof mixing moves can be found in ______ chopping wood conquering Mexico in 16th century securing a monopoly market tennis player hitting a passing shot 一个网球运动员参考答案：D the sentence \presumption that each person’s privately best choice will lead to a collectively optimal result”, the underl ined word “presumption” means _____. 假设参考答案：A of the following ways can enhance the credibility of threats and promise to affect the opponent in a strategic interaction? the rival guessing. the strategy of brinkmanship. to have a better outcome. and revealing information. 参考答案：B the sentence “A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him”，theunderlined word “deter” means___阻止参考答案：D Unit 4 operators can offer their subscribers services like reserving bandwidth for specific application by using _______specification. 参考答案：B PCMM standard creates a framework that allows the_________ to control and change the allocated bandwidth for various services. modem keeping server manager devices 参考答案：D the sentence “The seamless Wi-Fi roaming technology would alert the mobile carrier when a user migrates into a Wi-Fi zone”, the unde rlined word “migrates” means参考答案：A of the following-is a compelling reason for promoting cellular roaming? operating expenditure. cell, phone’s markets. entertaining functions. overall communications. 通信参考答案：D networks are moving towardthe concept \ spot point spot 地铁站点 D. network node 参考答案：C of the following is the characteristic of meshed wireless network?, 参考答案：B the sentence “A hybrid TDM/IP approach can incorporate IP features in conjunction with an existing TDM-based PBX”,the underlined word \ 参考答案：B does the IP Centrex service use to provide all the IP calling features to the enterprise customer?A A context switch and feature server architecture.B A softswitch and management server architecture.C A context switch and management server architecture. D. A softswitch and feature server architecture. 软交换和特征服务参考答案：D the sentence “PON has been heralded as the chosen FTTP path for RBOCs”, the underlined word \ . 宣告参考答案：A actual number of active devices in anactive network is less than ________ more thain those in a passive network. % % % % 参考答案：A Unit 6 is the main point of the article? laws of thermodynamics will eventually cause computer system performance to plateau. computing is inevitable in the near future. computing will unlock the power of tomorrow’s computing platforms. principles of reversible computing. 参考答案：C computers, or adiabatic systems . existing technology to falter an alternative computing technique 代替计算技术quantum computers at a steep price 参考答案：B core elements to create a fully functional reversible computer system involve circuits, reversible power supply and reversible switches power supply and reversible switches circuits, reversible switches and reversible chips circuits,reversible power supply and reversible chips 可逆电路、可逆电源、可逆芯片参考答案：D of the following states why improvements in computing come at a steep price? computing architectures need to be changed. information inevitably produces heat. designs need to be re-engineered. and development tools need to be re-designed. 参考答案：A have been investigating alternative computing techniques such as _______to stave off the problems of conventional computing performance. computing 量子计算operations 参考答案：C the sentence “To stave off these problems, researchers have been investigating alternative computing techniques”, the underlined phrase-&stave off’means way to off 解决参考答案：D of the following lists all the fundamental computing performance bottlenecks?and software designs and leakage. heat dissipation and hardware and software designs. heat dissipation and thermal heat dissipation, thermal noise and leakage. 参考答案：D of the following statements woes, to new levels, persisted in adiabatic systems, knowing the technology would be, important soon. 参考答案：A of the following statements supports the idea that “the energy consumption of laptops remains the same”? not confuse adiabatic methods with today’s power-saying features on laptops. computations of laptops may consume less power, but take twice as long to complete.完成energy of laptops is conserved since much of the time they are not running. run the idle loop fast, thus laptops might conserve power. 参考答案：B can be implied from the passage that______. systems are more necessary forgeneral-purpose applications future where reversible systems become necessary is inevitable chips will not be more efficient for practical applications even if optimized is not in favor of adiabatic research 参考答案：B Unti 7 the sentence “As the enterprise considers V oIP and more significantly V oIP over Wi-Fi, the decision to implement location-aware technology will become amatter of legal compliance”, the underlined word “compliance” means _____. 命令参考答案：B a caller dials 911, a selective router switch within the phone network sends the call to a local ______ station 公共安全应答站point 参考答案：B is the percentage of people in the who will get E911 service? 93 percent. 95 percent. 88 percent. 88 79 percent. 参考答案：C technologies and V oIP present unique problems for E911because__________. phone users are usually able to roam in a large area phones only use base stations to connect to the Internet phones can only work across Wi-Fi network phones’area codes are tied to its’geographic location 参考答案：A of the following is included in the deployment of 911 across cellular networks? 0 ensures that E911 calls will get through to a PSAP. 1 specifies that V oIP 911 calls will be routed to the local PSAP. 2 will bring full E911 services to V oIP across the PSTN. 3 will deliver E911 over IP to devices without telephone numbers. 参考答案：A the sentence “It could then offset those costs by passing them on to the application service provider, which could in turn charge the end user”, the underlined word “offset” means_______.参考答案：A of the following is the advantage of A-GPS over GPS? searchtime is reduced by 10 to 12 seconds. takes several minutes to get the location information. saves precious battery life for mobile phone users. works equally well both inside and outside buildings. 参考答案：C uses_________. bands bands bands bands 参考答案：B of the following is the function of triangulation? measure the returning signal’s attenuation. emit test signals into the environment. compare multiple signal strengths. account for multiple propagation. 参考答案：C of the following examples shows that location-aware presence improves Wi-Fi security? can locate interlopers penetrating the defenses of the Wi-Fi network. the Wi-Fi environment, consumers can be directed to restaurants. companies can now track the movement of their vans. hospitals doctors and medical equipment can be quickly located. 参考答案：A 完形填空Unit 4 1.B. handicapsC. benefits促进D. hindrances 2. A. while B. when C. however D. though 3. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. however D. though 4. A. on B. with C. by D. over 5. A. accede B. accelerate促进 C. access D. accept 6. A. exceeds超越 B. precedes C. antecedes D. cedes 7. A. decline B. arise C. grow种植D. descend 8. A. converting B. converging合并 C. convecting D. convolving 9. A. interact B. interaction C. interacting D. interactive互动的10. A. coupling B. couple C. coupled连结的 D. being coupled 11. A. potential潜能B. latency C. efficiency D. specialty 12. A. but B. however C. therefore D. hence 13. A. That B. It C. WhichD. What 14. A. constitutes构成 B. consists C. comprises D. contains 15. A. minimum最低限度的B. maximum C. medium D. average 16. A. upon B. for C. against反对 D. beneath 17. A. nevertheless B. though C. even平的 D. nonetheless 18. A. approachB. access接入C. availD. admission19. A. uncertainty不确定的 B. probability C. certainty D. likelihood20. A. survive B. evolve使发展 C. revolve D. extend Unit6 1. A. on B. to C. for D. at 2. A. award B. reward C. awards D. rewards报酬 3. A. though B. so C. if D. worse 4. A. punishment惩罚B. punishC. informationD. judge5. A. detects B. detected C. is detected D. be detected6. A. punished B. unpunished C. punishing7.A. sayB. note记事本C. understandD. calculate 8. A. by accident偶然地instinct C. by intention D. by all accounts 9. A. proof B. evidence C. examine D. inspections检查10. A. surrenders B. reasons C. victims受害者 D. causes 11. A. having to stay B. having stayed C. staying D. of having to stay 12. A. cleared B. revealed显示 C. victims D. causes 13. A. lying B. untruthful C. dishonest不诚实的D. unhonest 14. A. Unlike B. Like C. With D. For 15. A. take B. commit犯罪 C. submit D. perform 16. A. be charged B. charged C. charge D. charging 17. A. depend B. command C. recommend D. demands 18.A. existB. resultC. obtainD. gain 19. A. hesitate犹豫 B. refuse C. stop D. lost 20. A. confidentB. privateC. confidential机密的D. valuable句子翻译Unit 1 essence of a game is the interdependence of player are two distinct types of strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous. 博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
科技英语复习资料
Unit 1、2 科技英语基础知识resistance 电阻值、current 电流、charge 电荷，充电、circuit 电路、relay 继电器，中继器，中转站、antenna 天线field （电，磁）场、filter 滤波器、coherent 相干的，相关的、burst 脉冲、envelope 包络, 包迹、network 网络、spectrum 频谱、rectifier 整流器、regulator 稳压器、modulator 调制器、flip-flop 触发器、potential 电位、carrier 载波, 载流子、determinant 行列式、line 电线, 电网conductor 导体inductance 电感introduce 引入, 介绍Unit 3 Electrical Technique（电子技术）Passage Binary System and Logic Systems（二进制系统和逻辑系统）1.Binary SystemA digital system functions in a binary manner.It employs devices which exist only in two possible states. A transistor is allowed to operate at cutoff or in saturation, but not in its active region. A node may be at a high voltage of, say, 4±1 V or at a low voltage of, say, 0.2±0.2 V, but no values are allowed. Various designations are used for these two quantized states, and the most common are listed in Table 3.1. In logic, a statement is characterized as true or false, and this is the first binary classification listed in the table. A switch may be closed or open, which is the notation under 9, etc. Binary arithmetic and mathematical manipulation of switching or logic functions are best carried out with classification 3, which involves two symbols, 0(zero) and 1(one).1二进制一个数字系统作用于二进制方式下。
科技英语期末复习
现代科技英语期末复习——世界因你不同！曾考过的中译英词义 单词 词义 单词半导体 数字通信 数字信号处理semiconductor digital communication digital signal processing低功率发射机 星座 多媒体low-power transmitter constellation multimedia数字信号处理器 微型处理器 中央处理器 虚拟现实 伪随机码 跛脚鸭 工作站 基础设施 蜂窝（移动）通信 操作系统 无缝接续 定时 电路 载波 电压 电流 直流电 相位 超级计算机 参铒放大器digital signal processor microprocessor central processing unit virtual reality Pseudo Random Code lame duck workstation infrastructure cellular (tele)communication operating system seamless continuation timing circuit carrier-wave voltage electric current direct current (D.C.) phase supercomputer erbium-dropped amplifier时隙 同步化 切换，转接 时分多址 码分多址 频分复用 调制解调器 调制器 解调器 调制 解调 中继器、枢纽站 对……做三角测量 电视会议 病毒 打印机 打字员 核反应堆 核反应 侦听、偷听time slot synchronize hand-off time-division multiple-access code-division multiple-access frequency-division multiplex modem modulator demodulator modulate demodulate junction triangulate videoconference virus printer typer nuclear reactor nuclear reaction eavesdrop1/4现代科技英语期末复习——世界因你不同！词义 单词发射机 产品原型transmitter prototype曾考过的英译中单词 词义 单词 词义real estate real estate agent ionosphere troposphere magnetosphere radioisotope thermal equilibrium equalizer network security download selective breeding hybridization video traffic房地产、不动产 房地产代理人 电离层 对流层 磁层 放射性同位素 热平衡 均衡器 网络安全 下载 选种、选育 杂交 视频流量interface access network book-keeping interaction license joint-venture genetic engineering microchip decoder encoder database radio propagate cellular phone接口 接入网 簿记员 交互式的 执照、许可证 合资企业 基因工程 微芯片 解码器 编码器 数据库 无线电传播 手机/ handset audio traffic magnetic drum magnetic tape revenue customized high-fidelity high-resolution hig- definition astrobiology 音频流量 磁鼓 磁带 收益、税收 用户定制的 高保真的 高分辨率的 高清晰的 天体生物学 programming language interference receiver simulation charity electronic circuit nutrition entertainment industry landmark2/4程序语言 干扰 接收机 仿真 慈善业 电子线路 营养 娱乐业 里程碑现代科技英语期末复习——世界因你不同！单词 词义exobiology discrepancy echocardiogram hacker time-invariant liner system coherent detection micro cell analog signal digital signal analog communication digital communication velocity near infrared far infrared外空生物学 差异，不一致 回声心电图 黑客 时不变 线性系统 相干检测 微蜂窝 模拟信号 数字信号 模拟通信 数字通信 速率 近红外线的 远红外线的其他词汇单词 词义 单词 词义parallel processor bacterium transgenic organism naval-propulsion reactor radioactive facility thermal reactor chief executive officer cellular telecommunication telecommunications network并行处理器 细菌（pl. bacteria） 转基因生物 海军动力反应堆 放射性设备 热反应堆 首席执行官 蜂窝移动通信 电信网navigation high definition television teleconferencing freeze-frame fiber optic cable agricultural meteorology voice communication electronic bulletin board beeper3/4导航 高清晰电视 （HDTV） 电信会议 固定帧 光缆 农业气象学 声音通信 电子公告栏 寻呼机现代科技英语期末复习——世界因你不同！单词 词义antenna voice encoder dual-mode encryption eavesdrop data transmission observatory query language modeling telecommute telecommuter get by universal gravitation Global Positioning System天线 声码器 双制式的 加密 偷听 数据传输 天文台 查询语言 建模 通过电子设备通勤通过电子设备通勤的人将就着过了 万有引力 全球定位系统（GPS）仅供参考！整理：华晨4/4。
科技英语复习资料
一、标题（翻译自己找笔记）1. Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music2. Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans3. Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land4. Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education5. The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult Environmental Education6. Physics and Art: Uncovering Conceptual Linkages7. Use of Diamond for Electric Devices8. Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce9. The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science10. A Qualitative / Quantitative analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Comell University11.The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS Populations: A Statistical Analysis句子(1) The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.医生迅速到达，非常仔细地检查了病人，(因此) 病人很快就康复了。
科技英语考试资料
科技英语考试资料A(13)1.Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。
2.An understanding of essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。
3.As we know, all matters consist of molecules, and molecules of atoms.众所周知，一切物质由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。
4.All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of proteins.所有这一切证明，我们必须深入地研究蛋白质特性。
5.A new kind of computer –small, cheap, fine—is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的计算机越来越引起人们的注意——这种计算机体积小巧，价格低廉，性能优越。
6.A computer system consists of a computer and some peripherals.计算机系统是由计算机和一些外部设备构成的。
7.Adverse to iron，mercury is in a liquid state at ordinary temperature.水银与铁不同，在常温下是液态。
8.AC can be changed into DC with great ease.交流电可以极其容易地被转变成直流电。
110107《科技英语》综合复习资料(1)
《科技英语》综合复习资料一、单选题1. There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliable worldwidecoverage.A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line2. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses __________ theareas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine3. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now.A. favourableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable4. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked __________; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. vietyB. variousC. varietyD. variation5. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely __________ herself.A. rescuedB. holdC. restrainedD. curb6. After he was attacked, he managed to __________ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. stabberC. turnD. stagger7. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would __________ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain8. Why don’t you do something about your room, it’s really a ______.A. humpB. dumpC. bumpD. lump9. You will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to ______ with the bad ones that can cause so much embarrassment and distress.A. dealB. agreeC. calculateD. endeavor10. We’ve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large ______.A. quantityB. scaleC. qualityD. proportion11. It is a universal ______ that man is different from all the other animals because man can communicate witheach other by means of language.A. admissionB. permissionC. acknowledgementD. advancement12. Due to the limited seating _____ of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the pressconference.A. capacityB. capabilityC. possibilityD. probability13. The police are trying to find out the ______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A. evidenceB. recognitionB. status D. identity14. One cause of the current food crisis is ______ and food prices are high in part because of the dry weather inthese places.A. floodB. coughC. roughD. drought15. The news slowly __________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried about theuncertainty of the future.A. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed16. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them ______.A. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record17. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ______ it will still be quite substantial.A. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case18. Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance –for example when you’re clearing out an oldbuilding.A. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down19. Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa.A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in20. When he applied for a ______ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager.A. positionB. locationC. professionD. career二、阅读理解Passage 1As evidence that the Earth’s atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate, scientists are making slow progress toward an answer to the big question raised by the evidence: How much of the warming is due to human activity and how much to natural causes?The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the group of scientists widely considered the most authoritative voice on the subject, has already concluded that there is a “discernible human influence” on the global climate. Now the panel is deep into another of its periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change.Some experts on the problem say the human imprint on climate is becoming clearer, and may even have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Not everyone agrees and virtually all experts say that in any case, a reliable estimate of the human imprint’s magnitude still remains some distance off.A number of influences, both natural and man-made, cause the planet’s temperature to vary. The natural ones include changes in solar radiation, and sulfate droplets called aerosols cast aloft by erupting volcanoes, which cools the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight.The human influence stems mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate aerosols from industrial smokestacks.Human factors appeared to be playing a part, but no judgment has been made on whether that part was big, small or in between.One recent piece of evidence suggesting a strong human influence, which seems likely to carry some weight with the intergovernmental panel, appeared recently in the journal Nature. Scientists analyzed the global climate record of the last century in an effort to isolate and quantify the major factors producing the century’s rise of about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the Earth’s average surface temperature.The research team found that in the earlier part of the century, the rise could be explained either by an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and heat-trapping greenhouse gases emitted by industrial economies. But they found that after the mid-1970s, when about half the century’s warming took place, the warming resulted largely from the greenhouse gases.Meanwhile, evidence of warming and its effects continues to mount. Earlier this year, scientists at the University of Massachusetts and the University of Arizona reconstructed the average annual surface temperature trend of the Northern Hemisphere for the last 1000 years. They found that the 20th century was the warmest of the millennium and that the warmest years of all occurred in the 1990s, with 1998 the warmest on record.1.The earth’s atmosphere is warming, ______.A.mainly because of human factorB.mainly because of natural causesC.the reason of which is unknownD.which is being studied by scientists2.Maybe sulfate aerosols are all caused by ______.A.erupting volcanoesB.industrial smokestacksC.both A and BD.none of the above3.In the 20th century the global climate has risen by ______.A.20%B.about 1 degree FahrenheitC. 1 degree centigradeD.We have no idea about this.4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.About half of the 20th century’s rise in average global climate resulted mostly from the greenhousegases.B.Half of the 20th century’s warming took place in the last thirty years.C.The 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years.D.All of the above.5.The global climate rise in the earlier part of the 20th century is due to ______.A.an increase in solar radiation onlyB.greenhouse gasesC.eruption of volcanoesD.either an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and greenhouse gases Passage 2The Sino-foreign joint ventures should export their products and earn foreign exchange as much as possible to balance their foreign exchange income and expenditure. With a view to encouraging foreign investors to establish technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive joint ventures in China and bring in advanced technological processes, technology, equipment, materials and scientific management skills that suit China, some joint ventures may sell a part or most part of their products in China with the approval of relevant Chinese departments. The products are: (1) products which are produced with advanced equipment, technology and technological processes and are short in supply in China; (2) Products that can replace China’s traditional imports;(3) products that are better than their Chinese counterparts in terms of quality, property, varieties and specifications.The following measures are taken to balance the foreign exchange income and expenditure of joint ventures.With the approval of the State Foreign Exchange Control Administration, joint ventures are allowed to receive a certain amount of foreign exchange when selling their products in China.After being approved, foreign investors are allowed to buy goods in China with their profits in Renminbi (RMB) for export. But the export of those goods managed by the state through export quota and export license must be approved by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade.Foreign investors are allowed, in accordance with the relevant regulations of “The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” to reinvest their profits in RMB in the domestic enterprises so as to enable them to earn foreign exchange.After being approved by the State Foreign Exchange Control Administration and agreed by the partners, one foreign investor can set up more than two Sino-foreign joint ventures within Chinese territory and coordinate foreign exchanges among these enterprises.If the above-listed measures fail to keep the balance, the joint ventures may apply to the approving Chinese organization which will coordinate accordingly.Apart from products whose prices may be based on those of their counterparts on international markets with the approval of the price control department, the prices of their products sold in China should be fixed on the basis of quality in line with the price regulations set by the state and be charged in RMB. The sales prices should be reported to relevant authoritative department and the price control department for record. The prices of their export products are decided by the joint venture enterprises themselves and are reported to the relevant authoritative department and the price control department for record.1. Which of the following can NOT be done by a Sino-foreign joint venture?A.Exporting their products.B.Earning foreign exchange.C.Selling all of their products in China.D.Balancing their foreign exchange income and expenditure.2. What kind of products can be sold in China by Sino-foreign joint ventures?A.Products short in supply in China.B.China’s traditional products.C.China’s traditional exports.D.The same products as those made in China.3.______ is one of the ways to balance the foreign exchange income and expenditure of joint ventures.A.Buying goods in ChinaB.Investing in ChinaC.Selling goods in ChinaD.Importing products from abroad4. The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade controls ______.A.the management of a Sino-foreign joint ventureB.the production of a Sino-foreign joint ventureC.the sales of a Sino-foreign joint ventureD.the export of goods bought in China5. The prices of the products of joint ventures have ______.A.nothing to do with the price control departmentB.something to do with joint ventures onlyC.something to do with both joint ventures and the price control departmentD.something to do with the price control department only三、完形填空Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally (1) person in good physical condition is not (2) healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do (3) how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that (4) physicalhealth also affect mental and emotional well being.Having a good self-image means that people have positive (5) pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable (6) , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are (7) like others. Having a good self-image is based (8) a realistic (9) of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful (10) of our society. People of all ages (11) stress. Children begin to (12) stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress inducing (13) in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to (14) academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals (15) to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well (16) another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.Satisfying social relations are vital to (17) mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to initiate, develop, and (18) effective and fulfilling social relationships people must (19) the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of (20) conflicts in a constructive way.1. A. unstable B. unsure C. imprecise D. impractical2. A. normally B. generally C. virtually D. necessarily3. A. on B. at C. to D. with4. A. signify B. influence C. predict D. mark5. A. intellectual B. sensual C. spiritual D. mental6. A. to be doing B. with doing C. to do D. of doing7. A. able better to B. able to better C. better to able D. better able to8. A. on B. from C. at D. about9. A. assessment B. decision C. determination D. assistance10. A. ideality B. realization C. realism D. reality11. A. occur B. engage C. confront D. encounter12. A. tolerate B. sustain C. experience D. undertake13. A. evidence B. accidents C. adventures D. events14. A. acquire B. achieve C. obtain D. fulfill15. A. respond B. return C. retort D. reply16. A. why B. when C. while D. where17. A. sound B. all round C. entire D. whole18. A. produce B. pertain C. harvest D. maintain19. A. access B. assess C. process D. possess20. A. resolving B. saluting C. desolving D. solving《科技英语》综合复习资料参考答案一、单选题二、阅读理解Passage 1Passage 2。
科技英语复习
测验一：词类1、这个容器内的压力为零点零几个大气压。
The pressure in the container is a few/ several hundredths of an atm.2、海水的比热（specific heat）比空气大三倍。
The specific heat of the seawater is four times greater than that of the air .The specific heat of the seawater is four times as great as that of the air.3、我们必须求出(find out)为提起这个重物(weight)需要多大的力。
We must find out how large a force is needed to lift this weight.4、在常温下，一些水会变成水蒸气，这一现象被称为蒸发(vaporization)。
（要求用一个简单句）Some water will become steam(vapor) at normal temperature, a phenomenon called vaporization.5、由于计算机运算精确，速度快，所以得到了广泛的应用。
（要求使用一个简单句）Accurate in operation and fast in speed, computers have been found wide application.6. 现在我们开始讨论一下局域网。
Now we turn to a discussion of local area networks.7、这个电路的优点是结构简单、易于调整。
The advantages of this circuit are simple in structure and easy in adjustment.8、文革前，我校的学生数量仅为现在的1/3 。
科技英语综合复习资料
科技英语综合复习资料考试题型：1. 阅读理解，占40分；2. 选择题，20分；3. 完形填空20分；4. 翻译，20分。
Part I Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are twelve passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneIf you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don’t have to carry much cash. This saves your trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also, if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don’t have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.Credit cards are a big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company — a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installments.However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable customers. Also, the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers’ account.Yet, in many ways, the big loser in the credit card system is not the credit card company, the store, or the card user, but rather the general customer. The store makes up for the fees it pays to the credit card company by increasing prices for goods and services. Stores may have more sales if they accept cards, but the added cost to the store when credit cards are accepted instead of cash, is actually passed on to all customers in higher prices. In this way the cash customer suffers for the convenience the credit card customer enjoys.Many feel that it will only be a matter of time before credit cards completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses. In such a credit card economy there would be only one ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ and each individual would be given his or her card. Each person’s Social Security number would be used as the card number. Firms would use their Federal Identification number. Thus, every individual would be able to pay for everything by credit card —newspapers, cab fares, donations, tools, theater admissions, tuition, children’s allowances, everything. All salary payments would be credited to each individual’s account with the ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ which would pay one’s bills, deduct state and federal taxes, and deposit what’s left —if anything —into a savings account. Just think of the convenience of getting rid of cash and checks and even eliminating loose change. No need, then, to worry as before, when you wanted to buy a newspaper and you only had a $20 bill.However, with a complete credit card economy, there would still be the problem of thefts of cards, forging of card and lost cards, so the credit card is really not that practical. Something else is needed that is small, always with us, cannot be forged, and easily identifies our account. The answer is your thumbprint; everyone’s thumbprint would be recorded with his or her Social Security number.1. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. how the credit card company worksB. how the credit card company pays the bankC. the advantages of the credit cardD. the disadvantages of the credit card2. According to Paragraph 1, if you have a credit card, you will have to pay a small service charge to ______.A. the credit card companyB. the store where you purchase goodsC. the bank where you deposit moneyD. other customers3. From Paragraph 3 we know that the big loser in the credit card system is ______.A. the general customerB. the storeC. the card userD. the credit card company4. The author thinks that credit cards ______.A. will completely disappear in the futureB. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses quicklyC. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses sooner or laterD. will not replace cash and checks because there is a matter of time5. From the author’s point of view, the credit card is ______.A. perfect and practicalB. not easily forgedC. still faced with some problems and not so practicalD. more practical than one’s thumbprintPassage TwoSome people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sports women kill the essence of sports -- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dream and reputation. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention "Argentina‖ to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup "put Argentina on the map".Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinians really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every sense better than all others? Not really. But it's nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.1. What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage ?A) To prove that football is the world's most important sport.B) To show that Argentina is better than all others.C) To compare Scotland with Argentina.D) To explain the role of sport.2. In the second paragraph, the word ―summit‖ means ______.A) highest point B) mountain topC) award D) summary3. According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its ______.A) large number of sports fans and supportersB) success in the football World CupC) obvious position on the mapD) excellence at all important sports4. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will ______.A) fail to succeed B) be successfulC) lose enjoyment D) be irrational5. What is the author's attitude towards international games?A) Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.B) Nations that won football World Cup are regarded best in all aspects.C) Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.D) Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.Passage ThreeAs evidence that the earth’s atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate, scientists are making slow progress toward an answer to the big question raised by the evidence: How much of the warming is due to human activity and how much to natural causes?The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the group of scientists widely considered the most authoritative voice on the subject, has already concluded that there is a ―discernible human influence‖ on the global climate. Now the panel is deep into another of its periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change.Some experts on the problem say the human imprint on climate is becoming clearer, and may even have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Not everyone agrees and virtually all experts say that in any case, a reliable estimate of the human imprint’s magnitude still remains some distance off.A number of influences, both natural and man-made, cause the planet’s temperature to vary. The natural ones include changes in solar radiation, and sulfate droplets called aerosols cast aloft by erupting volcanoes, which cool the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight.The human influence stems mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate aerosols from industrial smokestacks.Human factors appeared to be playing a part, but no judgment has been made on whether that part was big, small or in between.One recent piece of evidence suggesting a strong human influence, which seems like to carry some weight with the intergovernmental panel, appeared recently in the journal Nature. Scientists analyzed the global climate record of the last century in an effort to isolate and quantify the major factors producing the century’s rise of about 1 degree Fahrenheit in t he Earth’s average surface temperature.The research team found that in the earlier part of the century, the rise could be explained either by an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and heat-trapping greenhouse gases emitted by industrial economies. But they found that after the mid-1970s, when abo ut half the century’s warming took place, that warming resulted largely from the greenhouse gases. Other researchers have lately come to a similar conclusion.―The study represents another jigsaw puzzle piece,‖ said one expert. ―There is still a long way to go in completing the puzzle,‖ he said, ―but we are beginning to see the smile on the face of the Mona Lisa, I think—or perhaps it should be a frown.‖Meanwhile, though, evidence of warming and its effects continues to mount. Earlier this year, scientists at the University of Massachusetts and the University of Arizona reconstructed the average annual surface temperature trend of the Northern Hemisphere for the last 1000 years. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.This and other analyses have found that the warmest years of all occurred in the 1990s, with 1998 the warmest on record. El Nino, the great pool of warm water in the tropical Pacific Ocean that from time to time heats the atmosphere and disrupts weather patterns, was responsible for some of the 1998 heating. An analysis, however, has shown that when El Nino’s effects are filtered out of the global temperature record statistically, 1998 still ranks as the warmest year.Two studies reported in Nature last month suggest that the warming is being reflected in patterns of wildlife behavior and distribution. In one study, 13 scientists analyzed distribution patterns of 35 species, their range of habitat had shifted northward by 35 to 240 kilometers coincidentally with Europe’s warming trend.In the other study, some British scientists analyzed the nesting habits of 20 species of birds in Britain. They found that, again coincident with a recent warming trend, the birds were laying their eggs earlier in the spring. This is the latest in a series of studies indicating that meteorological spring is coming earlier in the Northern Hemisphere[5]. Some have also shownthat fall is coming later.A third study in Nature reported, on the basis of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, that present-day atmospheric levels of heating-trapping carbon dioxide were higher than at any other time in the last 420000 years. At 360 parts per million, they are 20 percent higher than in any previous warm period between ice ages and double the typical concentrations during an ice age.1. The earth’s atmosphere is warming, ______.A. mainly because of human factorB. mainly because of natural causesC. the reason of which is completely unknownD. which is being studied by scientists2. Maybe sulfate aerosols are all caused by ______.A. erupting volcanoesB. industrial smokestacksC. both A and BD. none of the above3. Which of the following is TRUE?A. About half of the 20th century’s rise in average global climate resulted mostly from the greenhouse gases.B. Half of the 20th century warming took place in the last thirty years.C. The 20th century is the warmest in the last one thousand years.D. All of the above.4. The global climate rise in the earlier part of the 20th century is due to ______.A. an increase in solar radiation onlyB. greenhouse gasesC. eruption of volcanoesD. either an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and greenhouse effect5. According to the study of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, we can infer that ______.A. present-day climate is the warmest in historyB. present-day climate is 20 percent hotter than that of the last 420 000 yearsC. present-day climate is twice hotter than that of an ice ageD. in 1998 the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere are the highest on recordPassage FourThe current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an ―oil weapon‖ by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a ―security margin‖ in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies ofequipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.1. The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargoB. making effective coordination among those industrialized countriesC. promoting cooperation in making policies about energyD. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries2. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.B. Its members include developed and developing countries.C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.3. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.A. various supply sourcesB. stable energy marketsC. the largest profitsD. reasonable prices4. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.A. recognize the reality of energy shortageB. guarantee the stability of energy marketC. realize the unity of the worldwide marketD. protect one’s independent interests5. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. convince readers that energy security is importantB. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.C. inform readers what the energy security system is likeD. present principles for ensuring energy securityPassage FiveNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, thoughthis is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.The Internet seems to have just arrived, so how can we possibly imagine what will replace it? In truth, early versions of the Net have been around since the 1960s and 70s, but only after the mid-1990s did it begin to have a serious public impact. Since 1994, the population of users has grown from about 13 million to more than 300 million around the world.What will the Internet be like 20 years from now?Like the rest of infrastructure, the Internet will eventually seem to disappear by becoming widespread. Most access will probably be via high-speed, low-power radio links. Most handheld, fixed and mobile appliances will be Internet enabled. This trend is already discernible in the form of Internet-enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants. Like the servants of centuries past, our household helpers will chatter with one another and with the outside help.So many appliances, vehicles and buildings will be online by 2020 that it seems likely there will be more things on the Internet than people. Internet-enabled cars and airplanes are coming online, and smart houses are being built every day. Eventually, programmable devices will become so cheap that we will embed them in the cardboard boxes into which we put other things for storage or shipping. These passive ―computers‖ will be activated as they pass sensors and will be able to bo th emit and absorb information. Such innovations will facilitate increasingly automatic manufacturing, inventory control, shipping and distribution. Checkout at the grocery store will be fully automatic, as will payment via your digital wallet.The advent of programmable, mini-scale machines will extend the Internet to things with the size of molecules that can be injected under the skin, leading to Internet-enabled people. Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who would otherwise be there only for observation. The speech processor used today in cochlear implants for the hearing impaired could easily be connected to the Internet; listening to Internet radio could soon be a direct computer-to-brain experience!The Internet will undergo substantial alteration as optical technologies allow the transmission of many trillions of bits per second on each Internet’s fiber-optic backbone network. The core of the network will remain optical, and the edges will use a mix of access technologies, ranging from radio and infrared to optical fiber and the old twisted-pair copper telephone lines.By then, the Internet will have been extended, by means of an interplanetary Internet backbone, to operate in outer space.How will this pervasive Internet access affect our daily lives? More and more of the world’s inform ation will be accessible instantly and from virtually anywhere. In an emergency, our health records will be available for remote medical consultation with specialists and perhaps even remote surgery. More and more devices will have access to the global positioning system, increasing the value of geographically indexed databases. Using GPS with speech-understanding software that is emerging today, we will be able to get directions from our Internet as easily as we once got them at a filling station.Is there any downside to a society suffused with information and the tools to process it?Privacy will come at a premium. Enormous quantities of data about our daily affairs will flow across the Internet, working to make our lives easier. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past. Who should have access to our medical records and our financial information, and how will that access be controlled? Will we be able to search and use the vast information stored online without leaving trails across the Net? How will business transactions be taxed, and in what jurisdictions will disputed electronic transactions be resolved? How will intellectual property be protected? How will we prove that contracts were signed on a certain date, or that their terms and conditions have not been electronically altered? There are technical answers for many of these questions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably. Making this system of millions of networks robust is a challe nge for the present generation of Internet engineers. But I am an optimist and believe we are going to live in a world abundantwith information and with the tools needed to use it wisely.1. The main idea the author tries to convey is that ______.A. the Internet has already arrivedB. the Internet began to have a serious impact in 1990sC. the Internet is getting more and more popularD. the Internet is developing fast ever since its appearance2. The Internet might seem to disappear because most access to the Internet is probably realized by ______.A. high-speed, low-power radio linksB. handheld mobile appliancesC. internet-enabled cell phonesD. personal digital assistants3. The Internet will have a significant change thanks to optical technology, which ______.A. will make the Internet access more flexibleB. will make the Internet transmission more rapidlyC. will make the Internet communication more convenientD. will make the Internet more useful in our life4. The primary concern of online experience is ______.A. privacyB. convenienceC. pricingD. conflict5. The author’s attitude toward the future of the Internet is ______.A. doubtfulB. cheerfulC. biasedD. depressedPassage SixI spent some of the most exciting days of my life wor king on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge ―antlers‖, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save。
科技英语综合复习资料
科技英语综合复习资料partivocabularyandstructure（词汇与结构）b、不适合居住…好客。
不适宜居住2.a(n)______issomeonewhoisbeingconsideredforaposition,forexamplesomeonewhoisru nninginanelectionorapplyingforajob.a.astronomerc.candidateb、科学家。
研究员3.therearescientificsatellitesin__________thatmeasurewaveheights,buttoofewtogi vereliableworldwidecoverage.a.markc.storeb、绕轨道飞行。
线4.thefirst-yearcoursesprovideshortintroductionstotheseareas,whilethesecond-yearcourses__________theareasingreaterdepth.a.classifyc.clearb、调查。
检查5.theirmarriagewasindangerofbreakinguplastyearbutitseemsquite______now.a、好的。
有利可图的b.criticald.stableb、足够了。
精通的7.lindadidn’tliketheworkbecauseitlacked__________;shewasdoingthesamethingallt hetime.a、焦虑。
不同种类b.priorityd.society8.她想让自己过上这种私人生活，但这是明智的。
a.rescuedc.restrainedb、赫尔德。
抑制9.afterhewasattacked,hemanagedto__________tothephoneandcallforhelp.a、庞德。
科技英语期末复习资料.doc
一 .填空题l.The ensemble averages will be identical (with) the statistical averages and may be represented by the same symbols.2.Suppose, for example, that the statistical characteristics of the sample functions (in) the ensemble were changing with time.3.There is a negative statement associated (with) Shannon's theorem.4.It turns out (that) the results obtained for a gaussian channel often provide a lower bound (on) the performance of a system operating (over)a nongaussian channel.5.The characteristics of the pulse group are related (to) the message sample through operations called quantization and coding.6.The term symbol coder distinguishes this coding operation (from) the overall source encoding process.In most cases,a variablejength code is used to represent the mapped and quantized date set.lt assigns the shortest codewords (to) the most frequently (occurring) output values and thus reduces coding redundancy.7.Quantization and sampling produce the same result (as) sampling and quantizing.8.Error control coding waveforms,(on) the other hand, have bandwidth expansion factors that grow only linearly (with) the code block length.9.The method involves first sampling the informationsignal,quantizing the sample by rounding (off) to the closest of a number of discrete levels, and finally generating a prescribed number of pulses according to a code related to the nearest discrete level.10.Speech coding is a fundamental technology that has existed (for) more than 60 years,beginning (in) thel930s with Dudley,s original vocoder.UChannel coding protects digital date (from) errors by selectively introducing redundancies in the transmitted data.12.Vision is the most advanced of our senses, so it is not surprising that images play the signal most important role (in) human perception.13.Sometimes a distinction is made by defining image processing (as).14.A low-level process is characterized (by) the fact that both its inputs and outputs are images..英译汉I.random process, 随机过程3.channel capacity. 信道容量5.positive pulse. 正脉冲制7.quantum step size.量化步长9.pulse train, 脉冲序列II.error correction code. 纠错码13.carrier frequency,载波频率15.Speech coding. 语音编码强puter display 计算机视觉2.random variable 随机变量4.error probability 误码率6.pulse code modulation 脉冲编码调8.linear function 线性函数10.error detection code 检错码12.bandpass signal 带通信号14.background noise 背景噪声16.contrast enhancement 对比度增1 .样本函数sample function2 集平均ensemble average4 概率密度 probability density 6 上限 upper limit 8脉宽调制.PDM 10 信道编码 channel coding 12 编码调制 state diagram 14 铜线.copper wire 16 电磁波频谱 electromagnetic18 图像理解 image understanding3 高斯信道 gaussian channel5下界，下限lower bound7脉幅调制 PAM9脉位调制PPM11加性高斯白噪声AWGN13 已调信号 vector array15 语音识另U speech recognitionspectrum17无线电波 radio wave 19 人工智能.artificial intelligence 四.翻译句子1 .在整篇文章中，我们假定要研究的随机过程均为各太历经过程。
科技英语复习资料
科技英语复习资料太原理工大学复习资料（你懂的）（本版原题不多）一：下面这些论文标题是否合适？如果不合适，请修改：1、Study on Emission of Glasshouse Gases during Coking Process（合适）2、Methods for preparing and monitoring of heavy media in coal beneficiation（合适）3、Experimental mine and laboratory dust explosion research at NIOSH（合适）4、Bioclogging effects in anturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems are compared（错误）（改为comparison of Bioclogging effects in anturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems ）5、Methods for preparing and monitoring of heavy media in coal beneficiation （合适）6、Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans （错误）（Have是动词，改为Harmful Effrcts of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans。
7、A characterisitic floation cleaning index for fine coal is developed（错误）（改为Development of +A characterisitic floation cleaning index for fine coal ）8、Development and prospect of classification technology and equipment（合适）9、Research and Designing of Distance Education based on JEE.（合适）10、Auditory Perspectives(透视) of Different Types of Music （合适）11、Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans改为Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans12、How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid(半干旱) Land 改为Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land13、Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education改为Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education14、The Single Community Concept：A Model for Adult Environmental Education （合适）15、Physics and Art：Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered改为 Physics and Art： Uncovering Conceptual Linkages16、Yellow Fever‘s(黄热病)Effect on Transportation and Commerce（合适）17、Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices 改为Use of Diamond for Electric Devices （合适）18、The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science改为 The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science19、 A Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Cornell University （合适）20、The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ⅲ，Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired(后天的) Immune Deficiency Syndrome(综合症) Populations： A Statistical Analysis改为The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicabilityto the Mentally Ill，HIV and AIDS Populations：A Statistical Analysis 二：文献类型及代码1、专著【M】2、论文集【C】3、期刊文章【J】4、学位论文【D】5、报告【R】6、专利【P】（老师没说）报告一般不会考；连续出版物（期刊），专著，学位论文，会议论文（论文集）必考1、T.Neese,J.Dueck.Air core formation in the hydrocylone Journal of Minerals Engineering ,2007,20:348-354文献类型：【J】连续出版物特点：1.Journal of 。
科技英语复习总结
科技英语复习总结科技英语复习总结单项选择单词：单项选择单词：meteorites 流星、陨星流星、陨星流星、陨星 radiation 辐射辐射primitive 原始原始microbe 微生物微生物 ultraviolet radiation 紫外线紫外线紫外线 penetrate 渗透、刺入、穿透渗透、刺入、穿透biospheres 生物圈生物圈extrabiology 天体生物学天体生物学organism 微生物微生物Martian 与火星有关的与火星有关的Spectral signature 光谱分析光谱分析光谱分析 Laser 激光激光 Mercury 水星水星 Venus 金星金星 Jupiter 木星木星Saturn 土星土星Uranus 天王星天王星 Neptune 海王星海王星 Iron 铁质铁质 Orbit 环绕环绕 Parent star 恒星恒星恒星 Inhabit Inhabit、、habitable habitable、、habitat翻译：翻译：火星表面下可能有一个更好的微生物的避难所，液态水可能是永久性的，危险的太阳紫外线不会穿透。
的，危险的太阳紫外线不会穿透。
Probably a better haven for microbes is beneath the Martian surface, wher e liquid water may be permanent and where the e liquid water may be permanent and where the Sun’s Sun’s Sun’s dangerous ultraviol dangerous ultraviol et radiation does not penetrate.第一单元：第一单元：A. Translate the following expressions intoChinese:1. mutual gain game and mutual harm game 互赢博弈和互败博弈互赢博弈和互败博弈2. sequential-move game 连续策略博弈3. simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈4. linear reasoning 直线推理5. circular reasoning 循环推理6. Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡7. dominant strategy 支配性策略8. optimal result 最优化结果9. breakdown of cooperation 合作分裂10. strategy of brinkmanship 边缘化策略B. Translate the following expressions intoEnglish:1. 完全博弈 pure conflict2. 竞争与合作 competition and cooperation3. 策略性相互作用 strategic interdependence4. 囚徒困境 prisoners’ dilemma5. 长远性损失 long-run loss6. 针锋相对策略 tit-for-tat strategy7. 混合性策略 mixing one’s moves8. (网球)斜线球或底线球hita passing shot cross-court or down the line9. 垄断性市场 monopoly market10. 均衡份额 equilibrium sharesIII. Sentence Translation:A. Translate the following English sentencesinto Chinese: (Pay attentionto the underlined part)1. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies.There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential andsimultaneous.博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
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科技英语复习资料（来源：老师授课用PPT）一．汉译英1.本文介绍了热能制冷技术和燃料电池的工作原理及其特点。
针对燃料电池汽车余热浪费大的特点，提出了利用其余热制冷为燃料电池汽车空调提供冷源的方法，并对其可行性进行了研究。
This paper introduces the work principles and features of fuel cell as well as refrigeration technique driven by heat energy. Considering the present fact that a large amount of heat of fuel cell automobile is wasted, this paper proposes the program of providing the cold source for the automobile air-conditioner with the refrigeration driven by the wasted heat and studies the feasibility of it.2.只有通过对该系统性能的研究，我们才能了解它的优点。
Only through the study of the performance of the system, we can understand its advantages.3.叶片装在铣床上。
Vanes stand on the milling machine.4.十五年前，电子战在朝鲜战争中偶有应用。
Fifteen years ago, electronic warfare saw only sparse service in Korea.5.如果我们测得地震波的走时和振幅，我们就能够确定地下的几何形状并估算与岩石速度和密度有关的声阻抗。
Seismic measurements of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities.6.我们在分析破损材料时，通常需要先做直观判断，再做实际试验。
Analysis of a damaged material usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-life testing.7.电子计算机之所以效率高，是由于其运算速度快，而且计算准确。
The effectiveness of the electronic computer lies in its great speed and accuracy in calculation.8.即使我们将普通食盐溶于水，也不能改变其化学性质。
Even the dissolution in water cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties.9.活塞与汽缸的配合间隙，对于发动机的使用寿命影响很大，影响配合间隙的主要因素是活塞在工作状态下的变形。
真实反映活塞变形情况，国内已广泛采用有限元法进行数值分析。
Since the joint gap between a piston and a cylinder has great influence on the service life of an engine, and the primary factor influencing the joint gap is the deformation of piston under working condition, it is important to show up the actual deformation of piston and for this purpose the finite element method has been widely applied to analyze it numerically in China.10.本文将Q过程重新分类，得到每类Q过程存在、唯一性准则以及一般表达式，我们的结果在过程构造及定性理论，特别在含瞬时效的Q过程的构造及定性理论中有重要应用。
In this paper, Q-processes are classified in a new method and the existence and uniqueness as well as the forms of each class of Q-process are obtained. The result obtained has important application in the construction and qualitative theory of Q-processes, especially, in that of instantaneous state Q-processes.11.本文对一个主跨400m的大型混凝土斜拉桥在汽车与人群载荷下的状态进行了非线性分析，给出了全桥各控制截面力学量的非线性影响系数。
分析表明这类桥的非线性影响系数可达15%左右。
In this paper, a large concrete cable-stayed bridge with a 400-meter-long main span under the loads of vehicles and human groups is analyzed by nonlinear theory and the nonlinear influence factors of mechanical quantities at controlling sections of the bridge are evaluated. It shows that the nonlinear influence factors of this kind of bridge may reach about 15%.12.近40年来，在大量工程设计实践中，我院积极采取新技术、新材料和新设备，荣获部优、省优设计奖25项。
In recent 40 years, the designers of the institute have actively adopted new techniques, new building materials and new equipment in their design practice. As a result, the institute has won 25 prizes for excellent designs awarded by the Ministry and the Province.13.本文介绍了CAPP系统中自动生成和输出工序图的基本方法，并重点论述了比例设置、剖面线的绘制，尺寸、公差、粗糙度的标注等基本问题，其中剖面线的绘制方法是比较独特、新颖和通用的方法。
In this paper, a basic method of automatic creation and output operation figure in CAPP is introduced. The emphasis is laid on setting proportion, drawing section line, indication of size, tolerance and roughness and other basic problems, among which the method of drawing section line is not only distinctive and novel but also of universal use.14.谁也不清楚的问题当然需要详细讨论。
This problem that nobody knows how to solve needs to discuss in detail.二、英译汉1. Electricity can be measured in amount and quality.电可以用数量和质量来度量。
2.Instrument transformers are installed on the high-voltage equipment.互感器安装在高压设备上3.Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants.电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的4.Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulation medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in Farads.电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中，这样的装置被称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就被称为电容。
电容的测量单位是法拉。
5.The signal should be filtered before being amplified.放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波6.Once being placed in the sun, an object becomes hot.物体放置在太阳下会变热。
7.Before designing a new electronic product we must do various experiments.在设计一个新的电子产品之前，我们必须做各种实验8.Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法9.Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动10.The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器11.A three-phase circuit, as pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。