高中英语语法(虚拟语气)

Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解

【知识要点】

语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。

英语有三种语气：

＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实

France lies to the east of England.

＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令

Make yourself at home.

＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）

If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth.

虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法

假设类型条件从句谓语

动词形式

主语谓语

动词形式

与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形

与过去事实相反had + 过去分词

should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词

与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形

2.动词过去式

3.were to+动词原形

should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形

1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。

1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night．

2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句

首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。

1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park．

2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience．

3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词

（如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。

1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work．

2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。

4、通过Were it not for...或Had it not been for...等句式表达条件

Were it not for(=If it were not for) the leadership of the Party,we could not live a happy life.

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

与现在事实相反过去时（were）

与过去事实相反had+过去分词

与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形

I wish I were as tall as you.

He wished he hadn't said that.

I wish it would rain tomorrow.

三．表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气

一个（坚持） ___insist______

两个（命令） ___order, command_________

三个（建议） ___suggest, advise, propose_(recommend)__

四个（要求） __require, demand, request, __ask________

这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.

He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.

It is arranged that he leave for Canada on Friday.

What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening

My suggestion is that we should go there at once.

四．It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形

I It is a great pity that you (should) think so.

It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college．

It is strange that the girl（should）be so arrogant．

五. would rather 后的宾语从句,用虚拟语气

I would rather you could teach me again.

The manager would rather that his secretary went to the meeting instead of him .

六. as if， as though引导的从句, 用虚拟语气

以as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气；如果表示非真实情况，都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反要用"had ＋过去分词"；表示与将来可能相反的则用"would（could，might）＋动词原形"。

The little boy knows so many things as if he were an adult

He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.

七. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句,用虚拟语气

If only I had passed the test ！

If only it stopped raining！

If only I had taken mother's advice