BETTER NETWORK UTILIZATION ESSENTIAL FOR FAULT TOLERANCE ATTRACTIVE FOR DYNAMIC NoCs DE
系统集成项目管理工程师考试题及参考答案
系统集成项目管理工程师考试题及参考答案一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1.项目经理编制了一份项目沟通计划。
其主要内容包括项目干系人要求、发布信息的描述、传达信息所需的技术方法和沟通频次。
这份计划中还欠缺的最主要内容是（）。
A、沟通计划检查要求B、干系人分析C、信息接收的个人和组织D、沟通备忘录正确答案：C2.（）can be considered as part of risk mitigation.A、Risk identificationB、Purchasing insuranceC、Assessment of outcomesD、Assessment of probabilities正确答案：D3.云计算中心提供的虚拟主机和存储服务属于（）。
A、DaaSB、PaaSC、SaaSD、IaaS正确答案：D4.（）不属于实施已批准变更的活动A、预防措施B、缺陷补救C、纠正措施D、影响分析正确答案：D5.人们对风险事件都有一定的承受能力，当（）时，人们愿意承担的风险越大。
A、个人、组织拥有的资源越少B、项目的收益越大C、组织中高级别管理人员相对较少D、项目活动投入的越多正确答案：B6.生产过程中，需要通过统计返工和废品的比率来进行质量管理，这种方法在质量管理中属于( ) 。
A、标杆对照B、抽样统计C、质量成本法D、实验设计正确答案：D7.为了保护计算机机房及其设备的安全，（）做法是不合适的。
A、机房地板的阻止应控制在不易产生静电的范围B、机房隔壁为卫生间或水房，一旦发生火灾便于取水灭火C、机房的供电系统应将计算机系统供电与其他供电分开D、机房设备应具有明显的且无法去除的标记，以防更换和便于追查正确答案：B8.针对信息系统审计流程，在了解内部控制结构、评价控制风险、传输内部控制后，下一步应当进行（）。
A、内部控制测试B、有限的实质性测试C、外部控制测试D、扩大的实质性测试正确答案：A9.沟通管理计划的编制是确定（）的过程，即明确谁需要何种信息，何时需要以及如何向他们传递。
计算机基础英文版
计算机基础英文版Computers have become an indispensable part of our lives Whether in work, study, or entertainment, we encounter and rely on them constantly To have a better understanding and utilization of computers, it is essential to master the basicsThe first thing to know is the hardware components of a computer The central processing unit （CPU) is often referred to as the ＂brain" of the computer It performs calculations and controls the overall operation of the system The performance of the CPU is crucial for the speed and efficiency of the computer Another important component is the memory, which includes random access memory （RAM) and readonly memory （ROM) RAM is used for temporary storage of data and programs that are currently in use, while ROM stores permanent instructions and data that are needed during the startup processThe storage devices in a computer are also significant Hard disk drives （HDDs) and solidstate drives （SSDs) are common options for storing large amounts of data HDDs have larger capacities but are slower in data access compared to SSDs, which offer faster speeds but may be more expensive per unit of storageThe graphics processing unit （GPU) is responsible for handling graphicsrelated tasks, especially important for gaming, video editing, and 3D design A good GPU can provide smooth and highquality visual experiencesThe motherboard is like the backbone of the computer, connecting all the components together and facilitating communication between themIn terms of software, the operating system is the foundation Popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux The operating system manages the computer's resources, runs applications, and provides a user interface for interactionApplication software is designed to perform specific tasks For example, word processors like Microsoft Word are used for writing and editing documents Spreadsheet programs such as Excel are useful for data analysis and calculation Web browsers like Chrome and Firefox allow us to access the internet and browse web pagesWhen it comes to input and output devices, keyboards and mice are common input tools that allow us to provide instructions to the computer Monitors and printers are typical output devices for presenting information visually or on paperNetworking is another crucial aspect of computers Through the internet, we can connect with people around the world, access vast amounts of information, and perform online activities such as shopping, socializing, and remote workUnderstanding computer security is of utmost importance We need to be cautious of viruses, malware, and phishing attacks Installing antivirus software, keeping the system updated, and being vigilant when sharing personal information online can help protect our computers and dataProgramming languages are the tools used to create software and applications Languages like Python, Java, and C+＋ have their unique features and are applied in different fields depending on the requirements In conclusion, having a solid grasp of the basics of computers is essential in today's digital age It enables us to make the most of this powerful tool and adapt to the everchanging technological landscape Whether for personal use or in a professional setting, computer literacy is a valuable skill that empowers us to be more productive and efficient。
通信工程专业英语
通信工程专业英语Revised at 16:25 am on June 10, 2021I hope tomorrow will definitely be better一、汉译英1、时分多址：TDMA Time Division Multiple Address/ Time Division Multiple Access2、通用无线分组业务：GPRSGeneral Packet Radio Service3、国际电报电话咨询委员会：CCITT4、同步数字体系：SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 同步数字序列5、跳频扩频：FHSS frequency hopping spread spectrum6、同步转移模块：STM synchronous transfer module7、综合业务数字网：ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network 8、城域网：MAN Metropolitan Area Network9、传输控制协议/互联网协议：TCP/IP Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol10、服务质量：QOS Quality of Service11、中继线：trunk line12、传输速率：transmission rate13、网络管理：network management14、帧结构：frame structure15、移动手机：Mobile Phone 手机Handset16、蜂窝交换机：Cellular switches 电池开关cell switchcell 蜂房17、天线：Antenna18、微处理器：microprocessor19、国际漫游：International roaming20、短消息：short message21、信噪比：SNRSignal to Noise Ratio22、数字通信：Digital communication23、系统容量：system capacity24、蜂窝网：cell networkcellular network Honeycomb nets 25、越区切换：Handover26、互联网：internet27、调制解调器：modem28、频谱：spectrum29、鼠标：Mouse30、电子邮件：electronic mail E-mail31、子网：subnet32、软件无线电：software defined radios33、网络资源：network resources二、英译汉1、mobile communication：移动通信2、Computer user：计算机用户3、Frame format：帧格式4、WLAN：wireless local area network 无线局域网络5、Communication protocol：通信协议6、Transmission quality：传输质量7、Remote terminal：远程终端8、International standard：国际标准9、GSM：全球移动通信系统Global System for Mobile Communications10、CDMA：码分多址Code Division Multiple Access11、ITU：国际电信联盟International Telecommunication Union12、PCM：pulse code modulation 脉冲编码调制13、WDM：波分复用Wavelength Division Multiplex14、FCC：联邦通信委员会Federal communications commission 15、PSTN：公用电话交换网Public Switched Telephone Network 16、NNI：网络节点借口Network Node Interface17、：万维网World Wide Web18、VOD：视频点播Video-On-Demand19、VLR：访问位置寄存器Visitor Location Register20、MSC：移动交换中心Mobile Switching Centre21、HLR：原籍位置寄存器Home Location Register22、VLSI：超大规模集成电路Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits23、Bluetooth technology：蓝牙技术24、Matched filter：匹配滤波器25、ADSL：非对称数字用户环路Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop 非对称数字用户线路Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line26、GPS：全球定位系统Global Position System27、ATM：异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer Mode三、汉译英1、脉冲编码调制PCM依赖于三个独立的操作：抽样、量化和编码;PCM is dependent on three separate operations: sampling, quantizing and coding;2、像TCP和IP那样的协议已经被设计出来,当然,它们还需要被更新和维持;Protocols like TCP and IP have already been designed,of course,but they need to beupdated and maintained;3、码分多址是一种前景广阔的宽带数字工作系统;One form of digital wide band operation which has good future potential is CDMA;4、互联网是可提供很多网络资源的最大的信息库;The internet is the largest repository of information which can provide very largenetwork resources.5、开发蜂窝式移动电话系统并将其在许多城市中推广应用的原因之一是传统的移动电话系统存在容量有限、服务性能差、频谱利用率低的缺点;One of many reasons for developing a cellular mobile telephone system and deploying it in many cities is the operational limitations of conventional mobile telephone system;limited servile capability,poor service performance,and inefficient frequency spectrum utilization.6、来自发端借口不见的定时新号被加到数据调制解调器上,以使计算机与数传机同步;在接收端,从数据流中取出同步脉冲式计算机同步;Timing signals from the interface assembly at the transmitter are applied to the data modem to synchronize the computer and the data set. At the receivers synchronizationpulses are derived from the data stream to synchronize the computer.7、我们正处于通信网络革命的开始,越来越大的容量需求,各种各样的应用,以及服务质量正在对光网络提出巨大的需求;We are at the beginning of a revolution in communications networks, where increasing capacity, variety of applications, and quality of service are placing enormous demands on the optical network.8、目前在欧洲正在开发第三代移动通信系统,其目的是要综合第二代系统的所有不同业务并覆盖更广泛的业务话音、数据、视频、多媒体范围,而且还要与固定电话网络的技术发展保持一致和兼容;The third generation mobile communication system currently being developed in Europe, intended to integrate all the different services of the second generation system andcover a much wider range of broadband services Voice、data、video、multimediaconsistent and compatible with technology developments taking place within the fixed telecommunication networks.9、在现代对多媒体的描述中,我们所具有的技术已开始向人类具有的能力迈进；通过使用计算机技术、软件和其他技术,如CD-ROM;不仅能将视频图像和音频综合在一起,而且可以与其他计算机用户进行交互工作;In the modern presentation multimedia we now have the technology that can begin to move towards an ability already held by the human beings in that by using computer, technology, software and other technology, such as CD-ROM not only can we bring together audio and visual images but interactive with other computer users.10、为弥补这些问题,要在基本结构中加入大量的高效中继线;高效中继线用于直接连接有大量的节点间通信业务量的各交换中心;通信量常常是通过网络中可用的最低层次传送的;To compensate for these problems, a large number of high usage trunks augment the basic architecture. High-usage trunks are used for direct connection between switching centers with high volumes of internodes traffic. Traffic is always routed through the lowest available level of the work.11、光纤网络的革命刚刚开始,并正快速向未来的带宽无线、可靠和低费用的在线世界发展;The revolution of optical network is just beginning, and is advancing very swiftly towarda future online world in which bandwidth is essentially unlimited、reliable and low-cost.12、实际设备通常使用8kHz的采样速率,而如果每个样值用8位码的话,则话路是由一个重复速率64kHz的脉冲流来表示;Practical equipments, however, normally use a sampling rate of 8 kHz, and if 8 digits per sample value are used the voice channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses with a repetition rate of 64 kHz.13、是由于SDH设备在这些方面的标准化,才提供了网络运营者所期望的灵活性,从而能低价高效地应付带宽方面的增长并为后十年中出现的新的用户业务作好准备;It is the standardization of these aspects of SDH equipment that will deliver the flexibility required by network operators to cost effectively manage the growth in bandwidth and provisioning of new customer services expected in the net decade.四、英译汉1、The cellular concept is defined by two features, frequency reuse and cell splitting. Frequency reuse comes into play by using radio channels on the same frequency in coverage areas that are far enough apart not to cause co-channel interference. This allows handling of simultaneous calls that exceed the theoretical spectral capacity. Cell splitting is necessary when the traffic demand on a cell has reached the maximum=m and the cell is then divided into a micro-cellular system. The shape of cell in a cellular system is always depicted as a hexagon and the cluster size can be seven, nine or twelve. 蜂窝的概念由两个特点决定,频率复用和小区分割;在相邻覆盖区域足够远的而不至于引起共用信道干扰的,通过使用同一频率的无线信道,频率再利用才起作用;这样可以出来同时出现的呼叫并超出理论频谱容量;当小区的业务需求增到最大时,就要被划分,小区就要被划分成更小的蜂窝系统区域,蜂窝系统的小区形状常被描述成六边形,一群小区数量可以是9个或12个;2、Before you can use the Internet, you must choose a way to move data between the Internet and your PC. This link may be a high-speed data communication circuits, a local area network LAN, a telephone line or a radio channel. Most likely, you will use a Modem attached to your telephone line to talk to the Internet. Naturally, the quality of your Internet connection and service, like many other things in life, is dictated by the amount of money you are willing to spend.Although all these services can well satisfy the needs of the users for information exchange, a definite requirement is needed for the users. Not only should the users know where the resources locate, but also he should know some operating commands concerned.在使用Internet之前,必须使用一种方法在呢的PC机和Internet之间传递数据,这种连接的链路可以是高速数据通道电路,局域网,电话线路或无线信道;最有可能的是,你使用Modem连到电话线上与Internet对话;当然像生活中许多其他事物一样,与Internet连接服务和质量是由你花钱的数量来决定的;虽然这些所有的服务可以很好满足用户交换信息需要,但用户仍旧需要具有特定的先决条件,用户不但要知道信息资源的位置而且要知道一些有关的操作命令;3、Packet switching achieves the benefits discussed so far and offers added features. It provides the full advantage of the dynamic allocation of the bandwidth, even when messages are long. Indeed, with packer switching, many packets of the same message may be in transmission simultaneously over consecutive links of a path from source to destination, thus achieving a ‘pipelining’ effect and reducing considerably the overall transmission delay of the message as compared to message switching. It lends to require smaller storage allocation at the intermediate switches. It also has better error characteristics and leads to more efficient error recovery procedures, as it deals with smaller entities. Needless to say, packer switching presents design problems of its own, such as the need to reorder packets of a given message that may arrive at the destination node out of sequence.分组交换除具有以上讨论的有点之外,还具有一些特点;它提供带宽动态分配的全部优势,甚至当报文很长时依然如此,由于有分组交换,一个报文的多个分组确定可以通过原点到终点通路中多个链路同时传送,因而道道“管道”传送的效应,与报文交换相比,他大大的减少了报文整体传送时延;在中间交换设备中这种方式只需要较小的存储分配区域;分组交换的误码特性较好,由于它只涉及很短的长度,因而导致更高效的纠错方式;当然,分组交换也有自身设计上的麻烦,例如,当报文无序到达目的节点时,需要重新对该报文进行分组排序;4、As more and more systems join the Internet, and as more and more forms of information can be converted to digital form, the amount of stuff available to Internet userscontinues to grow. At some points very soon after the nationwide Internet started to grow, people began to treat the Net as a community, with its own tradition and customs.随着越来越多的系统连接到互联网,越来越多的信息被转化为数字形式,互联网用户可利用的资料持续增长,在不久的将来当国内互联网的规模增加到一定程度时,人们开始把互联网当做社区对待,并且拥有自己的传统和习惯;5、Three components are involved in a basic optical fiber system: the light source, the photo detector, and the optical transmission line. The optical light source generates the optical energy which serves as the information carrier, similar to a radio wave source supplying electromagnetic energy at radio wave wavelengths as the information carrier.The optical photo detector detects the optical energy and converts it into an electrical form. The optical fiber transmission line is the equivalent of copper wires and functionas the conductor of optical energy.基本的光纤系统涉及到3个部分：光源、光检测器和光缆;光源产生的能力作为信息的载体,类似于具有电磁能的无线电波用波长作为信息载体,光检测器检测光能并将其转化为电能的形式,光缆等效于铜线具有传导光能的作用;6、The fixed telephone service is global and the interconnection varies from coaxialcable to optical fiber and satellite. The national standards are different, but with common interfaces and interface conversion, interconnection can take place. For mobilethe problem is far more complex, with the need to roam creating a need for complex networks and system. Thus in mobile the question of standards is far more crucial to success than fixed systems.The GSM system is based on a cellular communications principle which was first proposedas a concept in the 1940s by Bell System engineers in the U.S. The idea came out of the need to increase network capacity and got round the face that broadcast mobile networks, operating in densely populated areas, could be jammed by a very small number of simultaneous calls. The power of the cellular system was that it allowed frequency reuse.全球范围内的固定电话通过同轴电缆、光缆和卫星相连;尽管各国的通信标准不同,但是由于有共同的接口和接口转换设备,互连问题得以解决;对于移动通信存在漫游问题,网络和系统就比较复杂,所以移动通信的标准问题就更关键;1940年有美国贝尔系统工程师提出的蜂窝通信原理是GSM系统的基础,其思路是在人口密集的区域由于一些同时发起的呼叫导致网络拥塞,采用蜂窝系统可以增加系统的容量,蜂窝系统的优点在于频率的重复利用;7、The advantage of SDH are mainly reflected in the following:1Lower network element costs: With a common standard, compatible equipment will be available from many vendors.In a highly competitive market prices will be vary attractive. 2 Better network management: With better network management, operators will be able to mote efficientlyuse the network and provide better service. The concept of TMNTelecommunication Management Networksis under study by CCITT. Some TMN standards defining management system interfaces already Faster provisioning: If new circuits can be software defined to use existing spare bandwidth then provisioning will be mush faster. The only new connection needed will be from the customer’s premises to the nearest network access node.SDH的优点是：1、较低的网络成本：由于具有共同的标准,许多供应商提供的设备可以兼容,激烈的时长竞争可以降低成本,2、更好的网络管理：运营商有能力提供更有效的业务,电信网管标准正在由CCITT指定,定义管理接口的相关标准已经出台;3、快速准备：如果新的电路可被软件来定义,利用现有的空闲频段从用户到最近的网络节点,接入的准备工作将更快;8、If we consider binary transmission, the complete information about a particular message will always be obtained by simply detection the presence or absence of the pulse. By comparison, most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information using the shape, or level of the transmitted signal; parameters that are most easily affected by the noise and attenuation introduced by the transmission path. Consequentlythere is an inherent advantage for overcoming noisy environments by choosing digital transmission.Noise can be introduced into transmission path in many different ways; perhaps via a nearby lightning strike, the parking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise within the communication equipment itself. It is the relationship of the truesignal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of most interest to the communication engineer.如果进行二进制传输,通过检测脉冲的有无就可获得报文的全部信息,相比之下,其他传输系统携带信息是通过波形和信号电平,这些参数容量收到噪声和传输信道衰减的影响,因此数字通信具有克服噪声环境的内在优势;噪声可能通过不同的方式进入传输信道,附近的闪电、汽车点火系统或者通信设备内部的热噪声,通信工程师最感兴趣的是信噪比;9、Most of the subscribers on the network ate telephones. The telephone contains a transmitter and receiver for converting back and forth between analog voice and analog electrical signals. With the introduction of the digital data system, some subscribers that transmit digital signals have been incorporated into the network.网络中大多数用户都是电话机;电话机包括一个送话器和一个受话器,用料在模拟话音和模拟电信号之间进行变换;随着数字、数据系统的引入,有些传输数字信号的用户已经并入该网;。
网络计划技术英语
网络计划技术英语Title: Network Planning TechnologyNetwork planning technology plays a crucial role in the design, implementation, and maintenance of modern communication networks. With the rapid development of information technology, the demand for efficient and reliable network planning solutions has become increasingly significant. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of network planning technology, including its key concepts, methodologies, and practical applications.Key Concepts in Network Planning Technology:1. Network Infrastructure: Network infrastructure refers to the underlying framework that supports the communication and data exchange within an organization or across different locations. It includes hardware devices, such as routers,switches, and servers, as well as software applications and protocols.2. Capacity Planning: Capacity planning involves forecasting the future network traffic and determining the resources required to support the projected demand. It helps in optimizing the performance of the network and ensuring that it can accommodate the increasing data loads.3. Network Security: Network security is an essential aspect of network planning, as it involves implementing measures to protect the network from unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyber threats. This includes the use of firewalls, encryption, and intrusion detection systems.Methods and Techniques in Network Planning Technology:1. Network Design: Network design is a systematic approach to creating an efficient and scalable network infrastructure. It involves identifying the requirements,defining the architecture, and selecting the appropriate technologies to meet the organization's communication needs.2. Traffic Engineering: Traffic engineering focuses on managing the distribution of network traffic to optimize the utilization of network resources and minimize congestion. It includes methods such as load balancing, traffic shaping, and quality of service (QoS) prioritization.3. Simulation and Modeling: Simulation and modeling tools are used to analyze and simulate the behavior of the network under different conditions. This helps in evaluating the performance, identifying potential bottlenecks, and making informed decisions about network upgrades and expansions.Practical Applications of Network Planning Technology:1. Telecommunication Networks: Network planning technology is extensively used in the design and deployment of telecommunication networks, including mobile, fixed-line, and broadband services. It helps in optimizing coverage,capacity, and performance while reducing the cost of network deployment.2. Enterprise Networks: In corporate environments, network planning technology is employed to design and manage enterprise networks that support various applications, such as data storage, voice communication, video conferencing, and cloud services.3. Service Provider Networks: Internet service providers (ISPs) and cloud service providers rely on network planning technology to build and operate their infrastructure, ensuring high-speed connectivity, reliability, and security for their customers.In conclusion, network planning technology is essential for the success of modern communications and information systems. By employing the right methodologies and tools, organizations can design, optimize, and manage their network infrastructure to meet the growing demands of today's digitalworld. As technology continues to advance, the role of network planning will remain critical in ensuring the performance, security, and scalability of communication networks.。
如何优化网络环境英语作文
如何优化网络环境英语作文Title: Strategies for Optimizing Network Environment。
In today's digital age, the optimization of the network environment has become increasingly crucial. A well-optimized network environment not only enhances communication and connectivity but also fosters efficiency and productivity. Here, we delve into several strategies to optimize the network environment:1. Bandwidth Management:Efficient bandwidth management is fundamental for a smooth network experience. Prioritize critical applications and allocate sufficient bandwidth to them while restricting non-essential ones. Implement Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms to ensure that vital applications receive the necessary bandwidth, preventing congestion and latency issues.2. Network Monitoring and Analysis:Regular monitoring and analysis of network traffic are essential for identifying bottlenecks and potential security threats. Utilize network monitoring tools to track bandwidth usage, pinpoint network congestion points, and detect abnormal activities. Analyzing these insights allows for proactive optimization and enhances network security.3. Implementing Content Delivery Networks (CDNs):CDNs distribute content across multiple servers globally, reducing latency and enhancing the overall user experience. By caching content closer to end-users, CDNs minimize the distance data travels, resulting in faster loading times for websites and applications. Integrating CDNs into the network infrastructure can significantly improve performance and reliability.4. Network Segmentation:Segmenting the network into smaller, isolatedsegments enhances security and reduces the impact of network disruptions. Implementing VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) and subnetting separates traffic into distinct segments, limiting the spread of network threats and minimizing broadcast traffic. Network segmentation also simplifies network management and improves overall performance.5. Regular Updates and Patch Management:Keeping network devices and software up to date is critical for addressing vulnerabilities and maintaining optimal performance. Establish a comprehensive patch management strategy to ensure timely updates for routers, switches, firewalls, and other network components. Regularly applying patches and firmware updates mitigates security risks and enhances network stability.6. Strong Network Security Measures:Robust security measures are paramount for safeguarding the network environment against cyber threats.Implement firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and antivirus software to fortify the network perimeter and detect malicious activities. Additionally, enforce strong authentication protocols, such as multi-factorauthentication (MFA), to prevent unauthorized access to network resources.7. Employee Training and Awareness:Educating employees about cybersecurity bestpractices and potential risks enhances the overall security posture of the network environment. Conduct regulartraining sessions to raise awareness about phishing attacks, social engineering tactics, and the importance of maintaining strong passwords. Empowering employees to recognize and report suspicious activities contributes to a more secure network environment.8. Scalability and Future-Proofing:Designing the network infrastructure withscalability in mind ensures that it can accommodate futuregrowth and technological advancements. Invest in scalable network solutions that can easily adapt to evolving business requirements and increased data traffic. Implementing flexible architectures, such as software-defined networking (SDN), facilitates seamless scalability and future-proofing.In conclusion, optimizing the network environment requires a multifaceted approach encompassing bandwidth management, network monitoring, security measures, and scalability. By implementing these strategies, organizations can enhance performance, reliability, and security, thereby fostering a more productive and resilient network environment.。
物流管理专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献
物流管理专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献附录英文资料原文:From the perspective of modern logistics systems, storage is an important part of logistics is the logistics system, distribution center, hoping for effective logistics warehouse here, scientific management and control, so that the logistics system more smoothly, more reasonable to run. In this paper, the importance of starting from the warehouse, combining theory and practice, through an enterprise storage andlogistics activities in the "space" and "cargo space" to analyze how the activities in the warehouse through the "space" and "cargo space "management to improve storage efficiency, reduce storage costs.Case Background: Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. of a storage management. A Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. located in Guangdong Huizhou Jinyuan Industrial Zone, which was established in 1998, is a professional lighting devices and electrical equipment manufacturers, it is the industry's leading enterprises. With excellent product quality, excellent service, the access to the customer's extensive approval and praise. In order to adapt to the new form of strategic development needs, the Company's existing network of integrated customer relationship, across the country set up the 35 operations centers, improve the company's supply chain, logistics, warehousing and distribution systems and customer service system. The company is headquartered Total finishedgoods warehouse 3, namely a set of finished products warehouse, finished products and finished second group of three storage warehouses. They are based on different types of products in different product sub-warehouses: one product a warehouse on the first floor is to facilitate the shipment into, so it is relatively types of goods stored there are more point, such as lamp, lamp panel and so on. And all of the export goods are stored in a group. Finished second group is mainly warehouse track lights, metal halide lamp, T4 lamp, T5 lamp and light. The company's several light sources are stored in the warehouse two groups finished. Three major stored product warehouse specific grid lamps, ceiling lamps, track lights, and some other companies products.1 An analysis of warehouse storage spaceWarehouse storage system's main elements include storage space, goods, personnel and equipment and other factors. Storage is the storage of the core functions and key links, storage area plan is reasonable or not directly affect the operational efficiency of warehouse and storage capacity. Therefore, the effective use of storage space as warehouse management is one important factor of good or bad. The company'sproducts sell well. Frequency of a large warehouse storage, goods flow also great. The company's warehouse space layout is stored on theshelves of goods, three-dimensional space utilization is not high, sohe's warehouse is not very high degree of mechanization, storage, only forklifts, including hand trucks and electric forklift. Warehouse operation methods, generally with a forklift, rarely manpower for thereceipt of goods, which are materials used to send and receive cards, every time shipping and receiving cards will be done in the send and receive registration materials, so we usually check very convenient goods such as some of the follow-up results from the present work seems to still relatively high efficiency, operation is quite easy. So the whole way of operating the company's warehouse is quite reasonable. The warehouse usually because the storage space is often not enough and the goods stored in the work space position. Particularly in the sales season, the warehouse storage products especially crowded, working up inside people feel a little depressedfeeling. So not very reasonable storage operating environment. The warehouse, data storage costs a statistical look fairly reasonable, because it costs very little equipment, fixed storage cost is not very high, while the storage cost is the cost of the class structure, so storage costs are therefore not very high.Storage warehouse for storage of goods that is as functional space.Storage space = potential use of physical space + space + space + operations useless space. Physical space, which means the goods were in fact occupied the space. The company's warehouse, its physical space accounted for 75% of the warehouse; the potential use of space accounted for 10%; work space and accounts for about 10% as the company's warehouse mechanization is not high, so a small point of space does not work What effect, its security is also essential to meet the requirements intermittent; his useless space accounted for about 5%. Onthe whole, the warehouse space utilization is high, there is a little crowded phenomenon. Analysis: the relative reduction should be the use of some physical space to increase the number of intermittent operations such as space, safety of space use. In addition, space and vertical space from the plane of view, the level of space has been put to good use, but the use of vertical space is not high, it can be considered top shelf, or high-level automatic three-dimensional shelf, to make better use of vertical space.2 rack management analysisRack management refers to the goods into warehouse, on the goods handling, how to put, place, etc. where a reasonable and effective planning and management. The disposal of goods, how to place, mainly by the strategic decision taken by the storage of goods of a specific storage location, will have to combine the principles of location assignment related to the decision. The company's warehouse storage rack management approach is used in positioning guidelines to follow. Positioning refers to each type of storage or storage of goods are fixed for each cargo space, cargo space of goods can not be interoperable. Therefore, when planning cargo space, cargo space for each volume of goods shall not be less than the possible maximum amount in the bank. However, in actual operation, the positioning of different storage conditions generally done in accordance with appropriate adjustments, it will make changes based on the actual situation. Cargo space in the warehouse management in the work by the staff of the company, combiningtheory with practice, carried out positioning, fixed-point, quantitative management principles, therefore, Ta cargo-bit capability is not Quanbu Anzhaozuida conducted in the library volume positioning, as the company's products belong to relatively large seasonal variations in the product, if the maximum amount set in the library space utilization will fall to the warehouse, so wastage of resources.- As all the libraries in the digital warehouse are stored with the principles of positioning, in accordance with the current situation of the company's warehouse, all use the principle of positioning is not very reasonable storage should be in accordance with the different characteristics of products and storage requirements, the product classification For important product, a small number of products used variety store positioning. And because almost all of the company's products feature the same features they are not mutually exclusive, this product features from the point of view is they could be put together randomly.In addition, the company's warehouse management, distribution of cargo spaces You are also a number of principles: (1) FIFO principle, Ji is the ancestor of goods, first-out library library principles, the principles generally applicable to a short life cycle of goods. (2) the principle of facing channel, referring to the goods of the mark, name the face of passageways so that theoperator can easily simple identification, it allows the retentionof goods, access to easy and efficient manner, which is to the warehouseto be fluent in the basic principles of operation. (3) weight characteristics of the principle, meaning that according to the weight of different goods to determine the level of goods in the storage location of places. In general, the weight should be kept on the ground or the lower shelf position, light goods were kept in the upper shelf location. In the case of manual handling operations carried out when the people of waist height for the custody of heavy or large items, while above the waist height of the light used to keep the goods or small items. This principle, the use of the safety and shelf manual handling operations have great significance. According to this principle, the company's warehouse stocking on the use of the fruit picking type. In this way, the storage requirements of the company's present situation is very reasonable, but also for staff is also very convenient.In the specific cargo space management process, we can see that the above description: they still use more modern management methods and principles. These methods and principles. For most of the moretraditional business management for storage or a more scientific and reasonable. Of course, in the management of the process there will be issues, such as operation in practice, some operators do not pay attention, not careful, careless also makes some of the principles of our implementation is not good enough. In the company's product sales, and warehouse management appears cargo space confusion, some products will be stored in the operating channel and the secure channel, so that is not conducive to our operations, warehouse operations particularlyaffect the safety of personnel, there are security risks. Because these problems often are especially prominent when the season, so these problems, the author suggested that some of the goods stored in the open yard, but the time to do well in the storage protection. 3 proposed ABC Classified Management ApplicationsTo conduct an effective inventory management and control, we mustfirst sort of inventory, only then can we better manage the goods and control. Therefore, I analyzed that in the original storage facilities under the same conditions, using ABC classification of goods for the implementation and management. This can effectively use the original storage space and cargo space. Through the analysis of goods to identify the primary and secondary, classification queue. According to Barrett curve reveals the "critical few and minor majority" rule should be applied in the management. Therefore, in accordance with product value, sales, shortage cost, or order in advance of other indicators toclassify the product. A class of products which are the highest value of inventory, general inventory of its total inventory of 15%, while the value of it is accounted for 70% ~ 80%; B products are middle of the stock value of these species 30% of the total inventory value of the total value of 15% to 25%; while the C class product is the value of the bottom of the inventory, its value is only 5% of the total value, but it accounts for the total inventory stocks 55%. Storage can be classified by goods and different products for each type of different management strategies developed to implement different control measures. In themanagement process, the products for A to require warehousing products are all everyday to inspect and inventory, the operation should be careful, can significantly embodiment up such products other products Butong between, were the focus of management; on B products, managed by sub-key can be 2 to 3 days to inspect and inventory. At the same time,do not neglect the management of products on the C, C products every week to conduct an inspection and inventory.We know from the analysis, storage operations, "space", "cargo space" and its scientific and rational management is an important partof warehouse management, warehousing costs alsoaffect the cost of important factors. Through practical examples of some of the storagemanagement problem analysis and research, through analysis and study of these issues, so wehave deeper storage management to understand, storage has its own management principles, weshould abide by and seriously the implementation of these principles. When in use thecombination of theory and practice, so that our warehouse and our theory more in tune with theactual operation. Only the combination of theory and practice to our knowledge to the limits.中文译文从现代物流系统观点来看,仓储是物流的一个重要环节,是物流系统的调运中心,希望在仓储这里对物流进行有效、科学地管理与控制,使物流系统更顺畅、更合理地运行。
快递物流网络优化研究外文文献翻译1
文献出处 : Humble M . The study of ex press log i stics netw ork optimization [ J ] . Operations R esearch Perspectives, 2016 , 6 ( 3) : 106 -115 .原文The study of ex press log istics netw ork optim izationHumble MA bstractEx press industry as an important part of m odern log istics industry to become one of the fastest g row ing industries in recent y ears. The rapid development of ex press industry lead to a lot of capital inflow ex press delivery m arket, thus express companies, there are many sizes for g rab market resources, the com petition betw een enterprises is becoming more and fiercer. Ex cessive com petition caused a lot of w aste of resources, reduce the utilization of resources, and increase the cost of log i stics. In order to solve these problems need to integ ra te the express industry resources, increase the concentration of industry level. A nd C ourier companies merg ers and reorg anization is the integ ration betw een the express industry resources, ex press delivery industry competitiveness effective w a y. Express log i stics netw ork in the ex press industry i s reg arded as ex press the l ifeblood of enterprises, of w hich the end of the service netw ork (hereinafter referred to as end nodes), the distribution center, the urban reg ional hub ( hereinafter referred to as the reg ional hub) and the num ber of spatial lay out directly determines the operation m ode of delivery a nd quality of operations. Therefore, under the merg er restructuring enterprises express log i stics netw ork optim ization integ ration to ex press the development of the enterprise after the m erg er and reorg anization play s a decisive role.Key w ords: M erg ers and reorg anization; Netw ork optimization integ ra tion; End node; Distribution center1 IntroductionLog is tics netw ork theory is the inevitable outcome of the development of log istics manag ement research Gum constantly, is a standardized, sy stematic and scientific research important w a y of m odern log istics, i t ex panded the log i stics netw ork operations research new tra in of thoug ht, provides a theoretical basis for the log i stics netw ork optim ization. DJ B ow ers ( 2007 ) put forw ard the theory of supply chain log istics integ ra tion, and based on log istics, w a rehouse location, transportation cost, inventory cost, e tc , integ ra ting advanced the theory of integ rationa rchitecture. M S R am m . ( 2009 ) integ ra ted log i stics netw ork i s a c losed loop integ rated forw ard/re verse log i stics netw ork, including production/re covery, m ix ed distribution, custom ers, collecting and processing center, etc., first used to determine the m ix ed integ er linear prog ram m ing model for log i stics netw ork integ ration, and then in uncertain scenarios using the mix ed integ er l inear prog ram ming model, the model can avoid suboptimal results caused by separation and continuous. M a ria B oiler mud ( 2013 ) in a nonlinear integ er model to solve the dy namic integ ra ted forw ard and reverse distribution netw ork desig n model double H standards to minim ize transport costs a nd tim e; Integ ra ted log i stics netw ork facility location problem to improve the efficiency of forw ard and reverse log istics, mainly i s the determ ination of three ty pes of facilities, w arehouse ( log i stics), collection centers ( reverse log i stics) and mix ed facilities ( forw ard and reverse log istics).2Ex press log istics netw ork2.1 1 S ummary of log i stics netw orkDonald j . B ow er and David i ts loss in the book of the process of log i stics m anag ement, supply chain integ ration points out that the w hole log i stics netw ork desig n has a direct impact on the log i stics efficiency, to provide customer service capabilities and cost mainly by num ber of log i stics facilities, the influence of the practical factors such as scale; Essential part of netw ork la y out desig n i s to determ ine the num ber of every k ind of facilities, location and job, etc.; In the constantly chang ing competitive environment, the ty pes of products, customer dema nd chang es a t the mom ent, so perfecting the infrastructure netw ork to adapt to the chang e of supply and demand i s very important. R onald h. B a l loon ( 2010 ) arg ues that the essence of the netw ork structure problem i s to determine from to the customer's netw ork structure, including the facility ty pe, num ber, location and each facility betw een the determ ination of amount of products and custom ers; In his book "log istics manag ement", l ists the data needed for log i stics netw ork integ ration, and put forw ard the evaluation and the evaluation of enterprise log istics netw ork in the g eneral audit criteria. L og i stics netw ork has the follow ing characteristics: log i stics netw ork has the characteristics of hig h efficiency. The g oal of log i stics netw ork is the low est cost for a shorter time w ould be delivered g oods in g ood condition of the demand s ide, the max imum com bination of log i stics and inform a tion flow, cash flow to achieve "zero inventory, a short period of time, no interm i ttent transmission" i s the ideal state. The openness of the log i s tics i s netw ork. Openness i sthe foundation of log i stics nodes can be throug h the public netw ork, a ll nodes connected directly or indirectly. L og i stics netw ork openness enables each node and other nodes ex chang e information quickly, processing business. Pilot log i s tics netw ork inform a tion.W idespread use of mechanization and automation equipment can g reatly improve the level of inform a tion of log i stics netw ork, but the collection, manag ement, analy sis and m ining equipm ent in the process of log i stics information i s more important. The information in the log istics netw ork throug hout the log istics activity a lw a y s , to the operation of log istics netw ork as a w hole have the function of the g uidance and integ ra tion. Log istics netw ork has the s ize advantag e . S cale i s the important a ims of log i stics netw ork. Dispersion formed in the fie ld of log i stics, log i stics netw ork nodes and the characteristic of manag ement, w i l l hig hlig ht i ts scale advantag e . Throug h la rg e-scale joint operation of log istics nodes can fully improve the effic iency of the w hole operation of the log i stics netw ork, reduce the cost of the overall operation, reliance on a sing le node of log i stics netw ork is a l so s ig nificantly reduced; C an't w ork normally even if there i s a node, other nodes can quickly m ak e up for i t, resist risk ability.2.2 2 The characteristics of the ex press log istics netw orkEx press log i stics netw ork m a inly includes three parts, main transport netw orks, and distribution netw orks, from end off. Every part of the netw ork composition and the exercise of the functions of each are not identical. B ackbone transport netw ork i s ma inly betw een reg ional hub and reg ional hub and distribution center of the netw ork, i t i s ma inly long distance transportation, mainly by car and a i r transport w a y. Distribution netw ork is mainly betw een distribution center and end node netw ork, g oods distribution throug h the distribution centers, arrived a t the end of the subordinate branches. From end off netw ork composed of customers and end node, i t i s the first l ink i s the final l ink of express delivery business, is a lso an im portant part of the customer experience.The different methods of delivery of g oods produced tw o ty pes of netw orks: shaft ty pe and the entire company g eneral form ula ex press log i stics netw ork. A m ong them, the major structure of the radiation i s the hub of partition netw ork characteristics, in each partition can have one or more of the hub, the hub node can not only send and receive the g oods w i thin the reg ion but a l so can connect other areas of the hub node, transit and sorting is a l so i ts function. In the ax i s of the ty pe express log i stics netw ork, transport of g oods need to transport to the hub node, throug h sortingtransit hub node before handing out again. Fully connected netw ork i s any node is ex chang ed betw een, should have the shipping l ine directly connected. The connected netw ork can realize g oods direct ty pe distribution betw een any nodes on the netw ork, but this w a y of distribution w i l l be an additional shipping cost. B ecause of the dispersed distribution and sm a l l features express C ourier companies i s the main distribution object, so ax ia l radial express m ore than log istics netw ork a l l over a long w i th the netw ork helps to improve log istics resources integ ra tion, log istics resource utilization, to reduce log i stics cost, shaft f ty pe ex press log i stics netw ork more in l ine w i th the actual situation of delivery operation.3The com position of ex press log i s tics netw ork3 .1 Delivery terminal netw orkDelivery a t the end of the node is the beg inning of the express log i stics netw ork point and end point, its main function i s to Posting and expresses m a i l delivery. End points a re m a inly distributed in express business covered a rea, i t i s a hub betw een customers and express log istics netw ork, i t i s the m ost closely relationship w ith the customer.3.2 2 Ex press transit centerFedEx transit node is mainly to ex press log istics netw ork of ex press distribution and transport. In the ex press industry g enerally call forw a rding nodes distribution center. Distribution center is that i t i s important to ex press the importance of sorting and distributing node, a lthoug h it i s not eng ag ed in com m odity concrete production, but i t carried from other outlets to express according to the actual situation of their concentration, distribution and transport, so as to realize ex press process from scattered to centralized and decentralized. La rg e ex press transit center a l s o know n as the reg ional hub, i s mainly responsible for an area of ex press distribution processing w ork. R eg ional hub location and capacity of the entire netw ork transit time and produce a g reat impact on the transport capacity. Ex press delivery reg ional hub of the distribution center, unified handling after i t s focus to send to other reg ional hub or sent to the affilia te distribution centers. FedEx transit center location, quantity, and the determination of position, usually to com prehensively consider the g oods categ ory, quantity, flow, traffic conditions, g eog raphical location, timeliness, urban planning and policy, a nd other transit center connecting relations, operation efficiency and other factors.3.3 3 Ex press log i stics operation netw orkEx press operation of the netw ork i s m a inly composed of backbone transport netw ork, distribution netw ork and term inal to send three parts. A mong them , the backbone transport netw ork i s m a inly composed of reg ional hub and distribution center, distribution netw ork mainly distribution center and end node; from end off the netw ork by the end of branches and customer focus point. U sually express log i stics netw ork, the netw ork backbone netw ork structure for shaft ty pe netw ork, mostly adopt m ore hub shaft radial netw ork; From distribution netw ork and end off netw ork mainly based on the principle of reg ional scope of radiation distance and w i th the m ethod of partition manag em ent. The ex press log istics netw ork is the core part of the backbone transport netw ork; it is the assurance of delivery tim eliness. B ackbone netw ork process i s conducted w i thin the enterprise, the optimization of the backbone netw ork mainly from the perspective of the cost or expense. From end off netw ork because of c lose contact w i th customers, i s express enterprise and customer direct interaction betw een the nodes, not only consider the cost on i ts optim ization integ ra tion problems, should think more custom ers w i th better service ex perience for the m a in purpose, pay a ttention to the m ining of customer dem and information, optim ized and integ rated send l ink.Delivery of the entire process is as follow s : w hen the c l ient needs to send a , can throug h the phone, the w ebsite of C ourier company or to the end node, send a request, a fter receiving member w i l l charg e customers express according to the s i tuation; R eceipt a t the end of the class member take the ex press m a i l delivery to the end node, w i l l ex press, documents and other inform a tion w i th the staff of the term inal branch transfer processing , thus completes a w a rehousing operations; Outlets w arehouse controller according to the local distribution center a t the end of the transit fl ig hts w i l l express mail sent to the local distribution centers, i t i s called the sender homew ork; Express mail a rrived a t the distribution center, sorting , a l l ex press direction as conditions after sorting to a rrang e transportation a fter a brief storag e ( depending on the situation on the mode of transportation to choose tra ins, cars, planes, etc.).A fter the ex press arrival a t the reg ional hub of the c i ty, according to express the destination address ag a in points to the distribution center, and then, throug h the distribution netw ork to send the g oods to the terminal outlets;译文快递物流网络优化研究Humble M摘要快递业作为现代物流业的重要组成部分成为最近几年发展最快的行业之一。
NETPERF与网络性能测量的五项指标
本文首先介绍网络性能测量的一些基本概念和方法，然后结合netperf 工具的使用，具体的讨论如何测试不同情况下的网络性能。
在构建或管理一个网络系统时，我们更多的是关心网络的可用性，即网络是否连通，而对于其整体的性能往往考虑不多，或者即使考虑到性能的问题，但是却发现没有合适的手段去测试网络的性能。
当开发出一个网络应用程序后，我们会发现，在实际的网络环境使用中，网络应用程序的使用效果不是很理想，问题可能出现在程序的开发上面，也有可能由于实际的网络环境中存在着瓶颈。
面对这种问题，程序员一般会一筹莫展，原因就在于不掌握一些网络性能测量的工具。
在本文中，首先介绍网络性能测量的一些基本概念和方法，然后结合netperf 工具的使用，具体的讨论如何测试不同情况下的网络性能。
网络性能测试概述网络性能测量的五项指标测量网络性能的五项指标是：可用性（availability）响应时间（response time）网络利用率（network utilization）网络吞吐量（network throughput）网络带宽容量（network bandwidth capacity）1．可用性测试网络性能的第一步是确定网络是否正常工作，最简单的方法是使用ping 命令。
通过向远端的机器发送icmp echo request，并等待接收icmp echo reply 来判断远端的机器是否连通，网络是否正常工作。
Ping 命令有非常丰富的命令选项，比如-c 可以指定发送echo request 的个数，-s 可以指定每次发送的ping 包大小。
网络设备内部一般有多个缓冲池，不同的缓冲池使用不同的缓冲区大小，分别用来处理不同大小的分组（packet）。
例如交换机中通常具有三种类型的包缓冲：一类针对小的分组，一类针对中等大小的分组，还有一类针对大的分组。
为了测试这样的网络设备，测试工具必须要具有发送不同大小分组的能力。
Ping 命令的-s 就可以使用在这种场合。
传输协议英文
Transmission Protocol: An Essential Component of Networking In the world of computer networks, the efficient and reliable transfer of data is essential. This is where transmission protocols come into play. Transmission protocols are sets of rules and procedures that govern how data is transferred between devices over a network. In this document, we will explore the significance of transmission protocols in networking, their types, and their role in ensuring smooth and error-free data transmission.Introduction to Transmission ProtocolsTransmission protocols are fundamental to the functioning of any computer network. They define the format, structure, and order in which information is sent across networks, ensuring that the data reaches its intended destination accurately.Transmission protocols work at the transport layer of the network protocol stack. They provide a means for devices to establish a connection, send data, verify its integrity, and ultimately terminate the connection. These protocols define the rules and mechanisms for error detection, correction, flow control, and congestion avoidance.Types of Transmission ProtocolsThere are several transmission protocols commonly used in computer networks. Let’s explore some of the most widely known ones:1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)TCP is one of the most common and widely used transmission protocols. It guarantees the reliable and ordered delivery of data between devices over an IP network. TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a connection before data transmission begins. It provides congestion control, error detection, and retransmission of lost packets. TCP is ideal for applications that require data integrity, such as web browsing, file transfer, and email.2. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)Unlike TCP, UDP is a connectionless transmission protocol. It is faster but less reliable than TCP, as it does not ensure the ordered delivery or error recovery. UDP is often used for applications that prioritize speed and real-time communication, such as streaming media, online gaming, and VoIP (Voice over IP).3. Internet Protocol (IP)IP is not primarily a transmission protocol but rather a network-layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is responsible for routing packets of data acrossnetworks. IP handles the addressing and routing of data, while transmission protocols like TCP and UDP handle the reliable transfer of the data packets.4. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)FTP is a file transfer protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server over a network. It operates on top of the TCP protocol, ensuring reliable and secure file transfers. FTP allows users to upload, download, and manage files on remote servers.There are, of course, many other transmission protocols in use today, each serving specific needs and requirements within the networking domain.The Role of Transmission ProtocolsTransmission protocols play a crucial role in networking by enabling the seamless transfer of data between devices. Some of the key roles of transmission protocols are:1. ReliabilityReliability is a cornerstone of transmission protocols. Protocols like TCP ensure that data packets are delivered accurately and in the correct order. They provide error detection and correction mechanisms, guaranteeing data integrity during transmission. This reliability is paramount for critical applications, where data loss or corruption is unacceptable.2. Flow ControlFlow control ensures that data is sent at a pace the receiving device can handle. Transmission protocols employ flow control mechanisms to prevent overwhelming the recipient with a flood of data. By negotiating the transmission speed and buffering capability, flow control mechanisms prevent congestion and enhance the overall efficiency of data transfer.3. Congestion ControlCongestion control is crucial to avoid network congestion, where the network becomes overloaded with excessive data traffic, leading to packet loss and degraded performance. Transmission protocols implement congestion control algorithms to monitor network conditions and adjust transmission rates accordingly. This prevents network congestion and ensures fair utilization of network resources.4. Disconnection and TerminationTransmission protocols provide mechanisms for the proper termination of a connection. They enable devices to gracefully close the connection and releaseallocated resources. This ensures efficient network resource utilization and avoids unnecessary overhead.5. CompatibilityTransmission protocols are designed to be interoperable across different network devices and platforms. This compatibility allows devices and systems from various vendors to communicate with each other seamlessly, regardless of the underlying hardware or software differences.ConclusionTransmission protocols are vital components of computer networks, facilitating the efficient and reliable transfer of data. They ensure data integrity, enable flow and congestion control, and provide mechanisms for proper connection establishment and termination. Understanding the role transmission protocols play in networking is essential for network administrators and professionals alike.。
如何更好的利用资源英文作文
如何更好的利用资源英文作文Harnessing Resources for Sustainable Development.In today's world, the efficient utilization of resources is crucial for sustainable development. As the demand for natural resources continues to grow, it becomes imperative to adopt strategies that ensure optimal usage with minimal waste. This essay explores various ways to better utilize resources, focusing on innovation, conservation, and sustainable practices.Innovation in Resource Utilization.Innovation plays a pivotal role in enhancing resource efficiency. Technological advancements have revolutionized the way we extract, process, and consume resources. For instance, the development of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power has reduced our reliance on fossil fuels. These renewable sources not only provide a sustainable alternative but also contribute to reducingcarbon emissions, thereby mitigating the impact of climate change.Moreover, smart technologies and digitalization have enabled more precise resource management. Smart metering systems, for instance, can monitor and control energy usage in real-time, allowing individuals and businesses to make informed decisions about conservation. Similarly, precision agriculture techniques utilize sensors and drones to monitor crop health, water usage, and soil fertility, ensuring optimal yields while conserving water and other inputs.Conservation and Wise Use of Resources.Conservation is another critical aspect of resource utilization. Simple practices like reducing, reusing, and recycling can significantly reduce the demand for new resources. For instance, implementing waste management systems that encourage recycling can divert valuable materials from landfills, reducing the need for virgin resources. Similarly, adopting sustainable consumptionhabits, such as buying in bulk or purchasing second-hand goods, can reduce the environmental footprint of consumerism.Additionally, education and awareness play a vital role in conservation. Raising public awareness about the valueof resources and the need for conservation can encourage individuals and communities to adopt sustainable practices. Educational campaigns and public outreach programs can help spread the message of resource conservation and foster a culture of sustainability.Sustainable Practices in Resource Management.Sustainable practices are essential for ensuring long-term resource utilization. This involves integrating environmental, social, and economic considerations into resource management decisions. For instance, sustainable forestry practices ensure that timber is harvested in a way that maintains forest health and biodiversity, while also providing economic benefits to local communities. Similarly, sustainable agriculture practices aim to protect soil andwater resources while providing nutritious food to society.Furthermore, policies and regulations can play acrucial role in promoting sustainable resource management. Governments can implement tax incentives, subsidies, and regulatory frameworks that encourage the use of renewable energy and sustainable production methods. International cooperation is also crucial for addressing global resource challenges, such as climate change and biodiversity loss.Conclusion.In conclusion, better utilization of resources is essential for sustainable development. Innovation, conservation, and sustainable practices are key strategies that can help us harness resources more efficiently. By adopting these strategies, we can ensure that our future generations will inherit a world that is healthy, prosperous, and sustainable. It is our responsibility to act now and ensure that we leave a positive footprint on the planet.。
如何提升网络素养作文英语
如何提升网络素养作文英语Title: Enhancing Internet Literacy: Strategies for Improvement。
In today's digital age, possessing adequate internet literacy skills is crucial for navigating the vast sea of online information and effectively communicating in the global arena. Internet literacy encompasses various competencies, including digital fluency, critical thinking, and online safety awareness. In this essay, we will explore strategies to enhance internet literacy and empower individuals to harness the full potential of the digital world.First and foremost, improving internet literacy requires a solid understanding of digital tools and platforms. Engaging in continuous learning and exploration of technology trends is essential. Individuals can enrollin online courses, attend workshops, or participate in webinars to acquire new skills and stay updated with thelatest digital advancements. Additionally, actively experimenting with different software applications and social media platforms can broaden one's technological proficiency and enhance their ability to adapt to evolving digital landscapes.Furthermore, critical thinking skills play a pivotal role in discerning the credibility and reliability of online information. With the proliferation of fake news and misinformation, it is imperative to develop a critical eye and employ fact-checking techniques before accepting information at face value. Encouraging skepticism and teaching individuals how to evaluate sources based on accuracy, authority, objectivity, relevance, and timeliness (AAO+RT criteria) can empower them to make informed judgments and avoid falling prey to online manipulation.Moreover, fostering digital citizenship is essentialfor promoting responsible and ethical behavior in online interactions. Educating individuals about the importance of digital etiquette, privacy protection, and cybersecurity practices can mitigate risks associated with online threatssuch as phishing scams, identity theft, and cyberbullying. Encouraging respectful discourse and emphasizing the consequences of online actions can cultivate a positive online community and contribute to a safer digital environment for all users.Additionally, promoting media literacy is indispensable in the age of information overload. Teaching individualshow to analyze and deconstruct media messages, including images, videos, and advertisements, can enhance theirability to interpret and critique media content effectively. By developing media literacy skills, individuals can become discerning consumers and creators of media, contributing to a more informed and media-literate society.Furthermore, fostering collaboration and networking opportunities can enrich individuals' internet literacy experiences. Participating in online forums, discussion groups, and collaborative projects can facilitate knowledge sharing and skill development within diverse communities of practice. Encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration and fostering a culture of knowledge exchange can fosterinnovation and creativity in the digital realm.In conclusion, enhancing internet literacy isimperative in today's interconnected world. By cultivating digital fluency, critical thinking, responsible citizenship, media literacy, and collaborative skills, individuals can navigate the digital landscape with confidence and harness the full potential of the internet for personal, professional, and societal advancement. Through continuous learning, practice, and engagement, we can empower individuals to become informed, empowered, and ethical participants in the digital age.。
如何提高网络安全意识英语作文
Raising Network Security Awareness in theDigital EraIn the modern era of technology, where digitalization has become a way of life, the importance of networksecurity cannot be overstated. With the rise of cybercrimes and malicious attacks, it is crucial for individuals and organizations alike to raise their awareness of network security and take proactive measures to protect themselves. Firstly, education is the key to enhancing network security awareness. People need to be informed about the latest trends in cybercrime, such as phishing, malware, and ransomware attacks. They should also understand the importance of secure passwords, regular software updates, and the use of firewalls and antivirus software. Educational institutions, governments, and private organizations should collaborate to provide comprehensive cybersecurity education to the public.Secondly, awareness campaigns can help raise public consciousness about network security. Through workshops, seminars, and online resources, people can learn about the basics of network security and how to protect themselvesfrom cyber threats. These campaigns should target different age groups and professions, ensuring that everyone has access to the necessary information.Furthermore, individuals and organizations mustprioritize the use of strong passwords and multi-factor authentication. Weak passwords are one of the easiesttargets for hackers, so it is crucial to create unique and complex passwords for all accounts. Additionally, enabling multi-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security, making it more difficult for unauthorized individuals to access sensitive information.Moreover, regular backups of important data areessential for network security. In case of a cyberattack or data loss, having a recent backup can help restore vital information quickly, minimizing the impact of the incident. It is also advisable to store backups in secure locations, away from potential threats.Another crucial aspect of network security awareness is staying vigilant when using public Wi-Fi networks. These networks are often unsecured and can pose a significantrisk to personal information. When connecting to public Wi-Fi, it is advisable to use a VPN to encrypt data and protect against potential breaches.Lastly, staying updated with the latest security patches and software updates is crucial. Software vendors regularly release updates to address security vulnerabilities, so it is important to install them promptly. By doing so, individuals and organizations can reduce the risk of being exploited by hackers.In conclusion, raising network security awareness is essential in the digital era. By educating the public, conducting awareness campaigns, using strong passwords and multi-factor authentication, backing up data regularly, staying vigilant on public Wi-Fi networks, and staying updated with the latest security patches, we can ensure a safer and more secure digital environment.**提高网络安全意识**在当今数字化时代，网络安全的重要性不言而喻。
博科光交 cpu 利用率
博科光交 cpu 利用率The problem at hand is related to the CPU utilization of the Boko optical switch. In order to address this issue, it is essential to understand the concept of CPUutilization and its significance in the context of the Boko optical switch. CPU utilization refers to the percentage of time the central processing unit (CPU) is busy executing instructions. It is a crucial metric that determines the efficiency and performance of a system.The Boko optical switch is a sophisticated piece of technology that plays a vital role in network infrastructure. It is responsible for managing anddirecting optical signals in a network. However, if the CPU utilization of the Boko optical switch is high, it can lead to various problems. High CPU utilization can result in slower response times, increased latency, and potential system crashes. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the CPU utilization remains within acceptable limits.One approach to addressing the high CPU utilization of the Boko optical switch is to optimize the software running on the device. This can be achieved by identifying and eliminating any unnecessary processes or tasks that may be consuming excessive CPU resources. Additionally, software updates and patches should be regularly applied to ensure that the system is running the latest and most efficient version of the software.Another aspect to consider is the hardwareconfiguration of the Boko optical switch. Upgrading the hardware components, such as the CPU itself or increasing the amount of RAM, can significantly improve the CPU utilization. By providing more processing power and resources, the system can handle higher workloads more efficiently, resulting in lower CPU utilization.Furthermore, network traffic management techniques can also be employed to reduce the CPU utilization. For example, implementing traffic shaping or rate limiting mechanismscan help regulate the flow of data and prevent congestion, thereby reducing the strain on the CPU. Additionally, loadbalancing techniques can distribute the workload across multiple CPUs, further optimizing the CPU utilization.It is also important to consider the overall network architecture and design. A well-designed network can help alleviate the burden on the CPU by efficiently routing traffic and minimizing unnecessary processing. By implementing a hierarchical network structure, traffic can be directed through the most optimal paths, reducing the workload on the Boko optical switch and subsequently lowering CPU utilization.Moreover, proactive monitoring and performance analysis can play a crucial role in identifying and addressing CPU utilization issues. By continuously monitoring the CPU utilization levels, any anomalies or spikes can be detected early on, allowing for timely intervention and troubleshooting. Performance analysis tools can also provide valuable insights into the root causes of high CPU utilization, enabling targeted optimizations and improvements.In conclusion, the high CPU utilization of the Boko optical switch is a problem that requires careful consideration and a multi-faceted approach. By optimizing software, upgrading hardware, implementing network traffic management techniques, designing an efficient network architecture, and employing proactive monitoring and performance analysis, it is possible to mitigate high CPU utilization issues and ensure the smooth and efficient operation of the Boko optical switch.。
根系活力 英语
根系活力英语The Root System's VitalityThe root system is a crucial component of a plant's overall structure, playing a vital role in its growth, development, and overall health. This intricate network of roots, often hidden beneath the soil, is responsible for a myriad of essential functions, from anchoring the plant to the ground to absorbing water and nutrients essential for its survival. Understanding the importance of the root system and its underlying vitality is crucial for successful plant cultivation and management.At the heart of a plant's root system lies its ability to actively engage with the surrounding soil environment. The roots are not merely passive conduits for water and nutrients but rather dynamic structures that constantly adapt to changing conditions. They possess an innate capacity to explore the soil, seeking out the resources necessary for the plant's well-being. This exploratory behavior is driven by the root system's inherent vitality, a quality that is essential for the plant's overall performance.One of the primary manifestations of the root system's vitality is itsability to grow and expand. As the plant matures, the root system continuously elongates, branching out to cover a larger area of the soil. This expansion allows the plant to access a greater volume of resources, including water and essential minerals, which are crucial for its growth and development. The rate and extent of this root growth are directly influenced by the vitality of the root system, with more vigorous roots capable of exploring a wider range of the soil profile.In addition to growth, the root system's vitality is also reflected in its ability to respond to environmental stresses. When faced with challenges such as drought, nutrient deficiencies, or soil compaction, a vital root system can adapt and adjust its behavior to overcome these obstacles. This adaptive capacity is a testament to the inherent resilience of the root system, which allows the plant to maintain its overall health and productivity even in the face of adversity.The vitality of the root system is also closely linked to the plant's overall nutrient uptake and utilization. Roots with a high degree of vitality are better equipped to absorb and transport essential nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, from the soil to the aboveground portions of the plant. This efficient nutrient management not only supports the plant's growth but also enhances its ability to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses, such as pests, diseases, and environmental extremes.Moreover, the vitality of the root system plays a crucial role in the plant's ability to establish and maintain symbiotic relationships with beneficial soil microorganisms. These microorganisms, including mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, can greatly enhance the plant's access to water and nutrients, ultimately contributing to its overall vigor and resilience. A vital root system is more adept at forming and sustaining these mutually beneficial relationships, further reinforcing the plant's capacity to thrive in its environment.The importance of the root system's vitality extends beyond the individual plant, as it also has significant implications for the broader ecosystem. Healthy, vibrant root systems contribute to the overall soil structure, helping to improve water infiltration, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration. This, in turn, can have a positive impact on the surrounding environment, supporting the overall ecological balance and resilience.In conclusion, the root system's vitality is a critical factor in determining a plant's overall health, productivity, and resilience. By understanding and nurturing the vitality of the root system, growers and horticulturists can optimize plant performance, enhance resource utilization, and contribute to the sustainability of the broader ecosystem. Ultimately, the root system's vitality is a testament to the remarkable adaptability and resilience of the plantkingdom, a testament to the intricate and interconnected nature of the natural world.。
构建和谐网络社会的重要性英语作文
构建和谐网络社会的重要性英语作文英文回答：Building a harmonious internet society is crucial in today's digital age. The internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, connecting people from all over the world and providing a platform for communication, information sharing, and collaboration. However, with the increasing prevalence of cyberbullying, online harassment, fake news, and other negative behaviors, it is more important than ever to create a safe and respectful online environment.One of the key reasons why building a harmonious internet society is important is to promote positive interactions and relationships among internet users. When people feel safe and respected online, they are more likely to engage in constructive discussions, share ideas, and collaborate on projects. This not only fosters a sense of community and belonging but also promotes creativity andinnovation.Moreover, a harmonious internet society helps to combat the spread of misinformation and fake news. By promoting fact-checking, critical thinking, and responsible sharing of information, we can create a more informed and educated online community. This is essential in today's world where misinformation can spread rapidly and have serious consequences.Additionally, building a harmonious internet society can help prevent cyberbullying and online harassment. By promoting empathy, kindness, and respect online, we can create a culture of support and understanding. This is particularly important for vulnerable groups such as children, teenagers, and marginalized communities who may be more susceptible to online abuse.In conclusion, building a harmonious internet society is essential for creating a positive and inclusive online environment. By promoting positive interactions, combating misinformation, and preventing online harassment, we canensure that the internet remains a valuable tool for communication and collaboration. It is up to each and every one of us to contribute to a harmonious internet societyand make the online world a better place for all.中文回答：在当今数字时代，构建和谐的网络社会至关重要。
JD - IT Manager
Job DescriptionPosition：IT ManagerReport to: GMLocation:The holder of this position will take the leading role in on-site IT support and daily IT infrastructure operations/maintenance. Also he or/ she is responsible for promoting related IT continuous improvement projects and coaching his team for professional and efficient output to ensure smooth operation of the corporation.⏹Duties and Responsibilities:1. Responsible for working out annual work and budget plan for IT dept. that’s in line withthe corporation guideline; monitor and report on the overall productivity and efficiency of the organization's IT function to the management.2. Take charge of on-site IT support and daily IT infrastructure operations/maintenance.;provide technical and project leadership on IT infrastructure design and implementation.3. Cooperate with Regional IT team for ERP system better utilization/improvement fore ssential business application support.4. Work on full Sarbanes-Oxley compliance of application systems control.5. Promote IT related projects for continuous improvement to improve work efficiency aswell as reducing costs.6. Direct, control and motivate the staff of the Local IT department by setting KPI for thesubordinates. Conduct training to the IT team as well as other departments for the using of related IT resources.⏹EligibilityEducational Attainment:Bachelor or above, major in computer science or relatedWork Experience:At least 5 years working experience in front of IT support at manufacturing area, plus above 2 years’ role in a management positionPersonality:Ability to work independently under pressureHigh integrity and reliabilityAction oriented, problem solving & result drivenKnowledge and SkillsGood hands-on experience on ERP system (QAD knowledge/skill are highlyrecommended)Sound business experience with interest and skills in IT application; Customer-oriented, proactive and willing to take responsibility, Strong interpersonal and communication skills.Fluency in both Mandarin and English are requiredAble to work under pressure.。
信息英语
原文1The Advantages of SDHThe advantages of SDH are mainly reflected in the following:Lower network element costs:With a common standard,compatible equipment will be available from vendors.In a highly competitive market prices will be vary attractive.Better network management:With better network management,operators will be able to more efficiently use the network and provide better service.The concept of TMN(Telecom Management Networks) is under study by CCITT, Some TMN standards defining management system interfaces already exist.Faster provisioning: If new circuits can be software defined to use existing spare bandwidth then provisioning will be much faster. The only new connection needed will be from the customer’s premises to the nearest netw ork access node.Better network utilization: With total control of routing customer circuits can be “groomed”or “hubbed” to make best use of network resources. Typically, all speech carrying circuits may be split from data circuits and routed for minimum delay. Data circuits ,depending on the type,may be “hubbed”to a particular network DXC with the level of cross-connect needed.Better network survivability: With “real-time” rerouting possible, the network’s Operation Support System will be able to take care of failure by reprogramming circuit paths. The built-in protection and reporting systems will automatically take care of simple transmission failures. Simpler handover: If all networks use equipment conforming to the same standard, the handover o f circuits at the “network node interface” should be trouble free.Support of fture services: Looking to the future, the SDH design will cater for new services like High Definition TV,Wide Area Network backbone networks,Broadband ISDN and new bandwidth-on-demand services. As the SDH operator will have total of bandwidth allocation, any new service will be simple to operation.译文：对SDH的优点SDH的优势主要体现在以下方面：成本较低的网络元素：一个共同的标准，兼容设备将vendors.In可以从一个高度竞争的市场价格会有所不同的吸引力：。
netperf基本使用
netperf基本使⽤1使⽤场景检测⽹络应⽤程序的⽹络性能。
Netperf测试结果所反映的是⼀个系统能够以多快的速度向另外⼀个系统发送数据，以及另外⼀个系统能够以多快的速度接收数据。
测试⽹络性能的五项指标：可⽤性（availability，ping测试⽹络是否联通）、响应时间（response time，与未安装⽹络程序对⽐响应时间）、⽹络利⽤率（network utilization，⽹络被使⽤的时间占总时间（使⽤的时间+空闲的时间）的⽐例）、⽹络吞吐量（network throughput，应⽤程序需要的剩余带宽）、⽹络带宽容量（network bandwidth capacity，两节点间的最⼤带宽）。
2⼯作原理Netperf⼯具以 client/server⽅式⼯作。
server端是netserver，⽤来侦听来⾃client端的连接，client端是netperf，⽤来向server发起⽹络测试。
在client与server之间，⾸先建⽴⼀个控制连接，传递有关测试配置的信息，以及测试的结果；在控制连接建⽴并传递了测试配置信息以后，client与server之间会再建⽴⼀个测试连接，进⾏来回传递特殊的流量模式，以测试⽹络的性能。
3举例使⽤#环境描述准备两个虚拟机都安装上netperf，虚拟机A作为服务器端开启某端⼝，虚拟机B作为客户端发包去连接A的服务，测试虚拟机A的⽹络性能。
#安装yum -y install netperf#server端若不指定端⼝默认开启12865端⼝netserver -4 -L 0.0.0.0 -p 9991参数：Usage: netserver [options]Options:-h Display this text-D Do not daemonize-d Increase debugging output-f Do not spawn chilren for each test, run serially-L name,family Use name to pick listen address and family for family-N No debugging output, even if netperf asks-p portnum Listen for connect requests on portnum.-4 Do IPv4-6 Do IPv6-v verbosity Specify the verbosity level-V Display version information and exit-Z passphrase Expect passphrase as the first thing received#client端netperf -H 10.1.13.115 -P 9991 -l 30 -t TCP_CRR -- -r 14k,14k参数：netperf的命令⾏参数可以分为两⼤类：全局命令⾏参数、测试相关的局部参数，两者之间使⽤--分隔。
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P1 communicates more with M1 than SH1 Alternative path ALMOST never taken Different transmission frequencies of P1
Fully adaptive routing outperforms static
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Minimal adaptive routing is unable to avoid congested links in the absence of minimal path diversity
DATE 2006 NoC Workshop
Assessing the Behaviour of Adaptive Routing in NoCs through Cycle-Accurate Functional Simulation
F. Angiolini, L. Benini - University of Bologna, Italy L. Lerin, D. Bertozzi - University of Ferrara, Italy
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A Short windows are flushed before a new transmission begins; PM traffic dirties the window of the default path B Longer windows remember average behaviour of P-M and P1M1, which are similar. Default and alternate paths are similarly taken C Since P is injecting less traffic, P1 experiences comparable delay in waiting on the default path or taking the longer alternative path D Adaptive strategies tend to take the default path, but often also the alternative path is taken
P0 weak injector Window length: 10 Same Texe with static and dynamic routing – Alternative path never taken Window reset before new transmissions
P1-M1 burst_length 10 idleness 10
P1-M1 burst_length 10 idleness 100
Exec. Time 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0
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PM burst PM burst 10 idle 10 idle 10 20 Traffic patterns
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Other well-known problems: In packet-switched networks, congestion information is mainly local (monitoring output queues) Backpressure to sense remote congestion: only in presence of delayed traffic slow reactiveness Out-of-order packet delivery (large buffering resources at NIs?) Increased routing cost and delay Risk of unpredictable performance Deadlock
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Fully Adaptive Routing Performance
We first tested a basic reference topology for fully adaptive routing. We varied traffic patterns (burst length, inter-burst period) for complete exploration.
System specification
Platform Generation
ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS
Different paths based on congestion and faults. Potential benefits include: BETTER NETWORK UTILIZATION ESSENTIAL FOR FAULT TOLERANCE ATTRACTIVE FOR DYNAMIC NoCs DEAL WITH DESIGN-TIME UNPREDICTABLE TRAFFIC PATTERNS HANDLE MULTIPLE USE CASES OVER TIME AVOID NETWORK CONGESTION HOTSPOTS Well-known pitfalls and fallacies: Idle cycles are treated as ACKs to flush the window over time. Accounts for local congestion and backpressure
Adaptive Routing in a 3x6 Mesh Network
A 3x6 Mesh NoC was instantiated, with processors on the periphery and shared memories at the centre. High congestion was synthtically induced across the central links. Let us extract and analyse an interesting network sub-set:
Synthesis SystemC code Simulation
CONGESTION DETECTION MECHANISM
A parameterizable sliding window logs congestion by monitoring flow control wires at each switch output port:
A Long windows favor the alternate path, by capturing the different transmission frequencies of P1-M1 vs. P-M B In this case, queuing on the default path or incurring the larger number of hops of the alternative path yield the same communication latency. If P-M further decrease their communications, the default path is expected to achieve better performance
misunderstood as indicator for P0 of system level congestion Effect of local congestion sensing
CONTACTS fangiolini@deis.unibo.it dbertozzi@ing.unife.it
Routing Algorithms
TAXONOMY
DETERMINISTIC [2][5][6] Algorithmic (e.g., XY routing) Source routing RANDOMIZED [7] Valiant’s algorithm Hot potato routing ADAPTIVE [1][3][4]
P0
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OUR OBJECTIVE: EXPLORE APPLICABILITY OF ADAPTIVE ROUTING ALGORITHMS TO NoC ARCHITECTURES BY MEANS OF CYCLE-ACCURATE FUNCTIONAL SIMULATION
High levels of traffic across P3-SH1,
xpipesCompiler
SWITCH ROUTING TABLE flit
Dest AddressHead
Output_1
010 100 10
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flit
Dest AddressHead
switch LUT
Output_1 Output_2 Output_4
0 001 001 0
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Architectural Extensions Байду номын сангаасo Support Dynamic Routing