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北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试-语文

北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试-语文

海淀区高二年级练习语文2024.01学校班级姓名一、本大题共5小题,共14分。

阅读下面的材料,完成1-5题。

(一)科学精神是伴随着近代自然科学的诞生,在继承人类早期历史发展的思想遗产的基础上,逐渐发展起来的科学理念和科学传统的积淀,体现着科学的哲学和文化意蕴。

科学精神首先是一种理性信念。

理性信念所具备的理性的旨趣,不仅是一种崇高唯美的个人精神享受,而且是凸显人的力量的动力源泉,如培根所说的“知识就是力量”。

理性信念表现为对理智的崇尚,强调对任何东西都应该审慎地加以思考,要通过智力的迂回冒险找到比直观所见更多更本质的东西,以便更深入地把握变动不居的现象。

但是理性信念并不能直接使人们轻易地认识自然规律,真正能够促进人们获得可靠的自然知识的,是近现代科学的实验方法和数学方法,即所谓的实证方法。

正是有了科学的实验方法,人们才有可能辨别关于世界本原的众多猜测究竟哪个更符合事实真相。

1638年,伽利略用数学的定量方法从经验现象中导出物理规律,这种追求实证化和数学精确化的研究方法成为近代以来科学的基本方法。

科学决不是唯唯诺诺的好好先生,批判态度同样是科学精神的重要内涵。

所谓批判,其目的在于明辨是非,凡事都问个为什么,凡事都摆事实、讲道理。

首先,批判态度反对将一切理论和假说神圣化。

其次,批判态度是理论创新的动力。

科学理论经过批判使自己的逻辑更严密,实验证据更精确,进而不断打破成见、推陈出新。

再次,批判态度是科学真理客观性的保障。

任何人、任何利益群体想违背客观性原则搞伪科学,都要受到严厉批判。

但批判也不是完全否定,旧的理论也可以为新的理论所包容。

而当科学所秉持的批判态度延伸到科学外部之时,意味着科学同样要坦然接受来自科学之外不同领域、不同方面的质疑、反思和批判,并带来认识的多元性和包容性。

这对破除科学的神话是非常有益的。

批判之所以成为重要的科学理念和常态,关键在于对科学可错性的认定。

科学是一门可错的学问,科学发展的历史就是不断试错的过程,科学发展遵循试错模式。

山东省德州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)

山东省德州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)

山东省德州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解A family cruise (乘船游览) offers a convenient and cost-effective alternative winter vacation. Here are appealing at-sea vacation ideas to consider this winter.Tour Australia with Princess CruisesFor a faraway family vacation, consider exploring Australia aboard the Princess. Leaving on Dec. 17, the Princess will take passengers to the Whitsunday Archipelago and the Great Barrier Reef. And on the ship, little ones can enjoy a wide range of onboard activities, from dance classes to volleyball classes. In the evening, parents and their kids can enjoy kid-friendly movies.Explore Asian Metropolises with Regent Seven SeasRegent Seven Seas’ ships take visitors to world-class destinations across Asia. Departing on Dec. 17, this 12-day cruise offers plenty of outdoor activities. Kids will enjoy the waterfalls of Miyazaki and the legendary street food scene in Hong Kong. As for onboard food, families can choose from a variety of dining options, from fast food to an Italian eatery. Discover Patagonia with SeabournThe amazing journey to Antarctica and Patagonia aboard the Seabourn Quest departs on Nov, 29, and includes a jam-packed agenda. Animal lovers can admire penguins, seals and other fascinating wildlife up close via daily Zodiac boat trips. Back onboard the ship, kids can take baths, watch shows, play board games and curl up with a book at the library. Cruise to the Caribbean with DisneyDisney Cruise Line’s four ships offer plenty of bells and whistles for kids. Besides, there are plenty of family-friendly stateroom category options that cater to budget-conscious families. Depart from Port Canaveral, on a four-night cruise aboard the Disney Dream for a fun adventure through the Bahamas, with stops in Disney’s privately owned island. 1.What can kids do on the Princess?A. Learn dance skills.B. Perform in a drama.C. Read books in a library.D. Join in a sports meeting.2.What makes Seabourn special?A. Offering family-friendly trips.B. Serving varieties of onboard food.C. Providing close wildlife encounters.D. Covering seven continents of the world.3.Which cruise best suits the family who desires to save money?A. Princess.B. Regent Seven Seas.C. Seabourn.D. Disney.Johannes Fritz, an Austrian biologist, needed to come up with a plan again if he was going to prevent his rare and beloved birds from going extinct.To survive the European winter, the northern bald ibis needs to migrate south for the winter over the Alps. But shifting climate patterns have delayed when the birds begin to migrate and they are now reaching the mountains too late to make it over the peaks, locking them in an icy death trap. Determined to save them, he decided to teach the birds a new, safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft. He was confident that he could succeed in this daring, unconventional plan.the last in the wild, causing the birds to disappear entirely from the wild. When Mr. Fritz was born 56 years ago, the northern bald ibis could be found in Europe only in captivity (圈养) .Mr.Fritz has spent his career reintroducing the birds into the wild. Through years of trial and error, he learned to fly like a bird. He modified (改装) a lightweight aircraft so it would fly at speeds slow enough for the birds to keep up. In 2004, he led the first flock from Austria to Italy, and has since led more migrations. But the route he originally taught the ibises does not work successfully. With climate change warming the area where the birds summer, they now start their migration at the end of October instead of the end of September. The trip is expected to take about six weeks, “Still, we’re optimistic that it’ll work,” said Mr. Fritz.His family and colleagues witnessed the risks he was taking. “But the unavoidable risks are necessary,” Mr. Fritz said. “It’s not so much a job, but my life’s purpose.”4.What was Johannes Fritz’s plan?A. To shorten bald ibises’ migration route.B. To lead bald ibises to migrate on a new route.C. To better the climate patterns for bald ibises.D. To find out a safer destination for bald ibises.5.What does the underlined word “devoured” in paragra ph 3 mean?A. Destroyed.B. Abused.C. Released.D. Raised.6.Why was Mr. Fritz’s initial route for the birds ineffective?A. Owing to the long time it consumes.B. For the slow speed of his modified aircraft.C. Because of the toughness along the first route.D. Due to higher temperatures in the summer habitat.7.Which of the following can best describe Mr. Fritz?A. Honest.B. Innovative.C. Straightforward.D. Demanding.As you’re drafting your New Year’s resolutions, you may think that it takes 21 days of repeating an action for that action to become a habit. So, you set out to go to the gym for 21 days, thinking that by day 22 heading to the gym will feel automatic—maybe even fun.However, that 21-day estimate isn’t true. A habit expert Wendy Wood found that this falsehood came from a self-help book in the 1960s and actually described how long it takes to get used to your new appearance after plastic surgery. It’s important to note t hat getting used to something is not the same thing as forming a habit, and perhaps the two concepts got confused along the way, giving rise to the term today.To figure out how long it actually takes to form a habit, Phillippa Lally, and her team did a series of research.They recruited 96 people and asked each person to choose one new habit and report each day on whether or not they did the behavior and how automatic the behavior felt. Some people chose simple habits like “drinking a bottle of water with lunch.” Others chose m ore difficult tasks like “running for 15 minutes before dinner.” At the end of 12 weeks, the researchers analyzed the data to determine how long it took each person to go from starting a new behavior to automatically doing it.The study found that it takes more than 2 months before a new behavior becomes automatic—66 days to be exact. And if you want to set your expectations appropriately, the truth is that it will probably take you anywhere from two months to eight months to build a new behavior into your life. Interestingly, the researchers also found that “m issing one opportunity to perform the behavior did not affect the habit formation process.” That is to say, it doesn’t matter if you mess up every now and then. Building better habits is not an all-or-nothing process.So, for those who wish to form certain habits, persistence is king. To form a good habit, we need to pay more energy and effort.8.What does “21days” actually mean according to Wendy Wood?A. The time one drafts a book.B. The time one develops a new habit.C. The time one gets used to something.D. The time one recovers from a surgery. 9.How did the researchers do the research?A. By doing questionnaires.B. By tracking people’s behaviors.C. By making predictions.D. By analyzing data of previous studies. 10.What can we infer from paragraph 5?A. Habits cannot be noticed easily.B. The amount of time a habit takes varies.C. One should perform a behavior constantly.D. It takes exactly 66 days to form a new habit.11.What is the best title of the passage?A. Habit—good or not?B. Better habit, better life?C. 21days to form a habit?D. Hit or miss with habits?The house had been cleaned and decorated elegantly. The air smelt fresh. Little labels on all we saw around the house displayed important details: date of purchase and the current selling price. We were at a garage sale. There was no talking or bargaining. Buyers could pick up at the listed price.All efforts that release cash that is locked into stuff touch me deeply. If they break conventional ideas, I will like them even more. It is my view that people love to follow suit and end up with emotions they ought to feel, rather than being true to themselves. To say that one does not care for one’s grandmother’s necklace is considered rude, so one would simply keep it in the locker and pass it on to the next generation.No longer so, I am guessing.It’s not always about money, but perhaps about considering one’s choices. My argument always is to use stuff, if you like it so much. Wear those pieces of jewellery; use those pieces of furnitures; take home those piles of old-time bedsheets. But if none of them fit into your current home, allow someone else to take them home. Turn those properties over instead of leaving them unused.Hoarding (囤积) is not a virtue. It is a waste of the money that is locked into the property you are hoarding. I may use it sometime in the future, say some. Give that a time frame. If you are holding something you haven’t used even once in five years, ask yourself if someone else may need it. Don’t sell if you don’t care for money; but do give it away.All else needs to earn their place for their value and usefulness for you. Celebrate the liberation from hoarding and let there be light!12.What do people often do at the garage sale?A. Purchase a garage.B. Label their belongings.C. Talk about decoration.D. Trade their unused stuff.13.Why does the author mention “neeklace” in par agraph 2?A. To call for respect towards the elderly.B. To advocate holding onto the family tradition.C. To show the financial condition of an average family.D. To prove people tend to follow suit against their wills.14.What does the author believe according to paragraph 4?A. It is a good idea to save money.B. A good taste counts in purchase.C. Unused items deserve a new owner.D. The outdated should be thrown away.15.What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?A. To call on people to get rid of hoarding.B. To show his worry about wasting resources.C. To draw attention to conserving the traditions.D. To inspire people to spend more on meaningful things.二、七选五16.In our ever-evolving world, where both personal and professional areas are loaded with challenges, problem solving skills are increasingly valuable in the workplace. ①Here’s how to enhance your strategy.Clear and brief communication is the key to effective problem-solving, acting as the bridge that connects diverse perspectives toward a common goal. ② It involves choosing the right words, structuring information logically, and being mindful of the audience to ensure that your message is both impressive and comprehensible. Active listening, on the other hand, is the skill of receiving information. It includes not just hearing words but understanding the underlying messages.③ To foster creativity, individuals must engage in activities that stimulate their imagination and encourage new perspectives. Have free-flowing brainstorming sessions that allow for the exploration of diverse ideas without immediate judgment. Additionally, exposing yourself to different fields promotes creative solution.Mistakes are not failures but valuable stepping stones on the path to mastery. ④Analyse what went wrong, identify areas for improvement and use this knowledge to inform your future problem-solving efforts. Creating a culture that opens the eyes of mistakes within a team or organization encourages an environment where individuals feel comfortable admitting errors.The journey to becoming a skilled problem solver is an ongoing process of growth and improvement. ⑤ __ Remain curious and open to acquiring new knowledge and skills that are directly applicable to your problem-solving attempt. That ensures you stay ahead of evolving challenges and acquire the skills needed to navigate an ever-changing landscape.Furthermore, participating in industry events, joining professional associations and connecting with mentors can offer insights that enrich your problem-solving skills.A. Seek continuous learning opportunities.B. Therefore, comprehension is a vital skill to develop.C. Effective conversation begins with the art of expression.D. Problem-solving at its best requires the out-of-the-box thinking.E. And they could help you achieve more in your personal life too.F. Each misstep provides an opportunity for reflection and learning.G. Each individual brings unique information to overcome challenges.三、完形填空(15空)Filkin’s Drift, a band of two in UK, have been highlighting sustainability (可持续性) inworking to spotlight sustainability and the environment in their work.17.A. completed B. planned C. canceled D. delayed18.A. failed B. ended C. slowed D. closed19.A. scheduled B. interrupted C. appreciated D. relocated20.A. picked out B. taken up C. caught up D. set aside21.A. security B. relaxation C. reputation D. environment22.A. researchers B. followers C. musicians D. professors23.A. instruments B. documents C. envelopes D. photographs24.A. compete B. perform C. advertise D. conclude25.A. crucial B. profitable C. practical D. colorful26.A. evaluate B. clear C. outline D. further27.A. constantly B. secretly C. randomly D. differently28.A. inform B. request C. inspire D. permit29.A. possible B. flexible C. typical D. private30.A. limit B. creation C. upgrade D. need31.A. examines B. joins C. employs D. declines四、短文填空32.Flowers, birds, figures and landscapes seem to jump out of the pictures on the walls of craftsman Hao Ruxiang’s workshop. From a ① (distant), these pictures appear to be fine paintings. Yet, up close, they resemble sculptural art, with a three-dimensional feel.It is buhu painting, ② was named a national cultural heritage by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 2014. It originated ③ the traditional folk art of the Manchu ethnic people, who would use needle and thread to create patterns as ④ approach to mending boots, hats and clothing for ⑤ (practice) and artistic purposes.Through decades of efforts, Hao and his family have helped buhu painting to evolve, ⑥(combine) the essence of numerous traditional crafts. “We got an inspiration from cloisonne (景秦蓝瓷器) , glued gold threads along the edges of flowers, ⑦ created a better visual effect.” Hao explains, adding that many techniques ⑧ __ (apply) in the art are all coming from practice.To date, Hao ⑨ (explore) many innovative techniques of her own, and managed todeliver beautiful examples of the art. However, her focus has been on broadening this art form to ensure better development, because she believes machinery cannot ⑩ (full) replace manual work.五、书面表达33.假如你是李华,上周日你们班去敬老院(nursing house) 慰问老人,请给校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:1.活动时间;2.活动内容;3.活动感想。

2023-2024学年辽宁省沈阳市郊联体高二下学期期末考试生物试卷

2023-2024学年辽宁省沈阳市郊联体高二下学期期末考试生物试卷

2023-2024学年辽宁省沈阳市郊联体高二下学期期末考试生物试卷1.每一个生物科学问题的答案都必须在细胞中寻找。

下列说法正确的是()A.细胞学说揭示了真核生物和原核生物在结构上的统一性B.“一棵杨树”和“一头牛”,二者所含有的生命系统层次不完全相同C.低倍镜下脂肪细胞清晰可见,换高倍镜后视野变暗,应首先调节细准焦螺旋D.科学研究中的不完全归纳法得出的结论是完全可信的,可以用来预测和判断2.虾皮是毛虾的干制品,含有钙、钠、铁、蛋白质、糖类等多种元素和化合物,是营养价值很高的上乘食品。

下列相关叙述错误的是()A.虾皮中含有的化学元素在无机自然界中都能够找到,但含量大不相同B.钙在骨骼生长和肌肉收缩等过程中发挥重要作用,适当补充维生素D可以促进肠道对钙的吸收C.无机盐可以参与细胞中化合物的组成,如铁是构成血红素的大量元素D.几丁质又称为壳多糖,是一种多糖,是构成虾的外骨骼的重要组成成分3.蛋白水解酶分为内切酶和外切酶2种,其中内切酶作用于肽链内部特定的区域,若酶1作用于天冬氨酸(C4H7NO4)氨基端的肽键,酶2作用于亮氨酸(C6H13NO2)两侧的肽键,某五十肽经酶1和酶2分别作用后产生的肽链如图所示。

下列叙述正确的是()A.将该五十肽加热处理后,用双缩脲试剂鉴定不会出现紫色现象B.该五十肽的第23号位为亮氨酸,亮氨酸的R基为—C 4 H 10C.若酶1和酶2同时作用于此多肽,可形成4条肽链和1个氨基酸.D.经酶1作用后形成的肽链A、B、C和原五十肽相比少了1个氧原子4.诺如病毒(NV)感染是导致急性胃肠炎和人感染性腹泻暴发疫情的主要原因,成人与儿童均可感染,在世界范围内呈流行性。

下列相关叙述错误的是()A.NV 在无生命系统的培养基中无法生长、繁殖B.NV的遗传物质是一种生物大分子,以碳链为基本骨架C.NV 与染色体、ATP 含有的五碳糖相同D.NV 含有的核酸彻底水解后可以得到6种化合物5.施一公院士曾说过:“结构决定功能,这是所有物质科学的基本共识”。

河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题(含答案)

河南开封各县市重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题(含答案)

2023-2024学年河南开封各县市重点高中高二下学期期末考试英语试卷考试时间:120分钟注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷(选择题)一、阅读理解:本大题共16小题,共38分。

AA Midsummer Night's Dream may be one of Shakespeare's most performed play—but its latest version from the Royal Shakespeare Company will be unlike any seen before.Titled Dream,the 50-minute online production combines live performance with motion-capture (动作捕捉)technology,3 D graphics,and interactive gaming techniques that let audiences remotely guide the leading character Puck through a virtual forest.As live theater put some seriously high-tech fairy (小精灵)factors into practice,Dream promises to bring the rarest version of the play to our screens.In 2016,the theater's production of The Tempest used live motion-capture technology to create a 3 D digital image that was projected above the stage.The difference this time is that everything in the play—the performers and their surroundings—will be shown virtually.Seven actors will perform in a specially-built studio in Portsmouth,southern England,wearing motion-capture suits.They will be surrounded by a 360-degree camera set,made up of 47 cameras with every movement almost immediately presented digitally,which is presented to viewers online.With its much-reduced characters,Dream is not a complete production of A Midsummer Night's Dream;rather,it is a story inspired by it,focusing on Puck and the fairies.Up to 2,000 audience members for each performance can become part of the show and will be invited to guide Puck through the forest.Onscreen,the chosen audience will appear as a cloud of tiny fireflies (萤火虫).By using their mouse or finger on the screen of a smart device,they will be able to move their firefly across the screen,and Puck will be at their beck and call to go through the virtual space.For viewers watching at home,the virtual fairies moving through adigital forest will look more like a video game than the average Royal Shakespeare Company show.But the performances are delivered live and in real time.Every night's performance will be unique."Without the fireflies—the audiences—Puck wouldn't be going anywhere," said E.M.Williams who plays the role. "The audiences are very much the fuel and the energy of the show."1.What makes Dream different from The Tempest?______A. The number of actors and actresses.B. The surroundings around the performers.C. The 3 D digital image it chooses to show.D. The way it presents everything in the play.2.Which aspect of the play does Paragraph 3 focus on?______A. Its leading characters.B. The design of its content.C. Its production process.D. The inspiration for the play.3.What does the underlined part "be at their beck and call" in the last but one paragraph mean?______A. Be willing to guide them.B. Be likely to receive a call.C. Be difficult to control.D. Be ready to follow their order.4.What do E.M.Williams' words in the last paragraph show?______A. The cost of the show.B. The pleasure of the audiences.C. The importance of the audiences.D. The task of the leading character.BIt had always been assumed that the rarity of lightning in ocean storms was due to cleaner air over the vast seas,but keen observations have shown that even highly polluted air is associated with reduced lightning at sea when sea spray aerosols(气溶胶)are abundant.In their paper published in the journal Nature Communications,an international team of researchers describes their multi-year study of atmospheric conditions over the oceans bordering Africa and what it showed about salt in sea spray aerosols and its impact on lightning.The researchers obtained atmospheric data on Africa and the oceans around it for the period 2013 to 2017.The data included numbers of lightning flashes,rainfall,temperatures and cloud representations.They looked for differences in atmospheric conditions in storms that occurred over land versus those that occurred over the sea and found one main difference:the amount of salt in the air.Lightning is produced when upwardly moving air in clouds forms ice crystals(冰晶)—aerosol particles then begin to bump into one another,creating an electrical charge.Lightning happens when the electrical field in one part of the cloud becomes positively charged (usually at the top of the cloud)and another negatively charged (usually at the bottom of the cloud).And clouds form,of course,when vapor evaporates(蒸发)from the surface of the Earth and the water drops bond with aerosols.The researchers found that things are slightly different over the ocean.When water evaporates from the sea,it bears a load of salt.When the salt water bonds with aerosols to form water droplets,they tend to be bigger and heavier than those that form over land due to the salt—and that results in more of the water in the clouds falling as rain before it can rise up and form ice crystals.The result is far fewer lightning discharges.The researchers suggest their findings could be useful in improving the accuracy of both climate models and meteorological reports.It could also possibly lead some to attempt to seed storm clouds with salt to reduce their severity.5.What is the common belief of lightning over oceans?______A. Lightning pollutes the remote sea.B. Polluted air leads to less lightning at sea.C. Cleaner air results in less lightning at sea.D. Cleaner air contributes to more lightning at sea.6.How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3?______A. By presenting facts.B. By listing similarities.C. By giving examples.D. By making comparisons.7.How do water droplets on land differ from those at sea?______A. They drop much faster.B. They contain more water.C. They are bigger and heavier.D. They are smaller and lighter.8.What can be the best title for the text?______A. Salt in Sea Spray Worsens Storms over the Sea.B. Salt in Sea Spray Keeps Lightning Strikes Away.C. Lightning Strikes Are More Common over Oceans.D. Sea Spray Is Found Evaporating Faster over Oceans.CAround seven out of every ten Americans who work in offices do their work in an open environment,defined as at desks without meaningful partitions (隔板),according to an International Facility Management Association survey.Thatis,if they even have a desk——workers may be assigned only a few feet of a communal(共用的)table.The open-plan office space trend,popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups,went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation.More nearness between employees,the thinking went,would create more interaction and teamwork,promote social interaction and urge productivity.But in fact,purely open-plan offices have been shown to have the opposite effects,creating so much distraction(分心)that employees stayed away from each other.A study funded by Harvard Business Sehaol,the results of which were published last year,tracked what happened when a British company moved its employees from traditional office space,with offices with walls,to an open office.Face-to-face interaction became less——employees spent 72 percent less time interacting with their colleagues.Instead of talking more with each other,the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email.As digital communication channels surged,productivity declined. Neuroscience also holds some clues as to why the tight quarters in communal work spaces——where workers are only given about half the space they were given a decade ago——are so hard to work in. "The human voice sets off the most powerful emotional response in our auditory(听觉的)experience.Voice above 55 decibels(分贝)—— roughly the sound of a loud phone call——causes measurable stress," according to a Wall Street Journal article,"The Neuroscience-Optimized Office"."Even more troublesome are overheard 'halfversations',in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue;our brains automatically imagine the other," wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix.But the solution,say experts including Newport,isn't to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls.9.What can we learn about the open office trend according to paragraph 1?______A. It allows 10 people at most to work together.B. It is believed to stimulate workers' creativity.C. It is only popular with new technology companies.D. It is aimed at promoting workers' social interaction.10.What does the underlined word"surged"in paragraph 2 probably mean?______A. Suspended timely.B. Became useless.C. Cost less.D. Increased quickly.11.What makes an open office hard to work in?______A. Hearing endless noisy phone calls.B. Showing real emotions publicly.C. Facing communication barriers at work.D. Hearing part of a dialogue between colleagues.12.What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph?______A. What are benefits of the open offices with walls.B. Why the open office makes workers distracted.C. How to deal with the disadvantages of the open office.D. How to draw workers' attention to their colleagues nearby.DDo you know the websites that let you name a star after your beloved one,your kid or your dog for a small fee?Yeah,those are all fake— you could pay me to "name" a star for ﹩50,and I'll take your money and show the name online.I'll even send you a fancy certificate!It seems that you've named a star,but it just doesn't count.Actually,the only organization that owns official naming rights is the International Astronomical Union,or the IAU.It was founded in 1919 and based in Paris,France.It is where astronomers and other professionals have reached the agreements and is the official record-keeping body for all discoveries in space.Recently they do open up an opportunity for the public to name a dozen of planets outside the solar system.These planets will be among the first to be studied with the James Webb Space Telescope.However,they currently only have boring and complicated documents that were used to find them.That's why the IAU is looking for something more interesting. But before you start naming the planets,you should know the rules.First,nothing is rude or annoying.Second,the name should be less than 16 characters long and pronounceable in at least one language with no commercial or business names and nothing is named after a living individual or a pet.The competition,named "Stars Worlds",is open next Thursday,January 20th.It's the third such contest the IAU has held,and the purpose is to get the public more interested in science as well as the organization.The competition also helps to break centuries of European dominance when it comes to naming things in the night sky.So people around the world can share the joy of discovery and make their mark in history.13.How does the author introduce the topic of the passage?______A. By listing figures.B. By taking an example.C. By offering a solution.D. By showing differences.14.What can we know about the IAU from the passage?______A. It was founded by France.B. It studies the space telescope.C. It organizes trips to the space.D. It has the right to name the stars.15.What is the last paragraph mainly about?______A. Why the competition is held.B. How the competition develops.C. What to expect in the competition.D. How to take part in the competition.16.Where is this passage most likely taken from?______A. A novel.B. A textbook.C. A diary.D. A magazine.二、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共10分。

山东省潍坊市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试语文试题(含答案)

山东省潍坊市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试语文试题(含答案)

山东省潍坊市2023-2024学年下学期期末考试高二语文试题2024.7注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号和座号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

材料一:一个作家如何选择和书写细节?首先必须准确。

美国诗人庞德说过:“写作的道德标准只有一个,那就是它的表达在根本上是否准确。

”我读许多小说,时间一长,会忘掉情节,甚至是主人公的名字,但能清晰地记得其中的一些细节。

我常常折服于优秀作家对日常生活中细节的准确把握和扎实表达,他们目光如炬,不耍花招,像技艺高超的渔夫,一叉下去就是一条鱼,鱼身上水淋淋的,散发出腥气,鱼还在挣扎,但已经被捕获了。

许多人描写细节喜欢用大量的形容词和花哨的比喻,看上去很美,让人感觉作者有才华,却华而不实,词不达意,有一种无力的感觉。

也有人描写的是日常生活中随处可见的细节,我们翻开许多杂志一眼就能看到,这样的细节准确但无聊、无神。

好作家不这样写细节,他们描述的细节往往是真实的细节,生活中确实存在,还能打动你。

一般作家就捕捉不到,因为它们太平常、太普通了,看上去不够美,也不够感人。

但正是因为有了这些细节,小说的现场感才更强,让读者感觉写什么都像是真的。

这类细节,是优秀小说的基础,使小说具有了真实性。

好作家描述的细节除了来源于真实生活,还有一种是在生活的基础上通过想象来呈现。

意大利作家卡尔维诺的《我们的祖先》三部曲写的内容都是假的,《不存在的骑士》中的骑士没有身体;《树上的男爵》中的男爵永远待在树上不下来;《分成两半的子爵》中的子爵被打成两半活了下来,一半代表善良,一半代表邪恶。

高二期末考试难题数学试卷

高二期末考试难题数学试卷

1. 已知函数f(x)=x^3-3x+2,若存在实数a,使得f(a)=0,则实数a的取值范围是()A.(-∞,1)∪(1,+∞)B.(-∞,1)∪(1,+∞)C.(-∞,0)∪(0,+∞)D.(-∞,0)∪(0,+∞)2. 若向量a=(1,2),向量b=(2,m),则向量a+b的模长为3,则m的值为()A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 43. 已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且S1=2,S2=4,S3=6,则数列{an}的通项公式为()A. an=2nB. an=2n-1C. an=nD. an=n-14. 若等差数列{an}的首项为a1,公差为d,且a1=2,a3=6,则数列{an}的通项公式为()A. an=2nB. an=2n-1C. an=nD. an=n-15. 已知函数f(x)=ax^2+bx+c(a≠0),若f(1)=2,f(2)=4,f(3)=6,则a+b+c的值为()A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 86. 若复数z=(1+i)^2,则|z|的值为()A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 57. 已知等比数列{an}的首项为a1,公比为q,若a1=1,a3=8,则数列{an}的通项公式为()A. an=2n-1B. an=2nC. an=4n-1D. an=4n8. 若函数f(x)=x^2-2ax+1在区间[1,2]上单调递增,则实数a的取值范围是()A.(-∞,1)B.(1,+∞)C.(-∞,0)∪(0,+∞)D.(0,+∞)9. 若函数f(x)=x^3-3x+2在区间[1,2]上存在极值,则实数x的取值范围是()A.(1,2)B.(1,2)C.(1,2)D.(1,2)10. 已知函数f(x)=x^3-3x+2,若存在实数a,使得f(a)=0,则实数a的取值范围是()A.(-∞,1)∪(1,+∞)B.(-∞,1)∪(1,+∞)C.(-∞,0)∪(0,+∞)D.(-∞,0)∪(0,+∞)二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分)11. 若复数z=(1+i)^2,则|z|=__________。

高二下学期期末考试语文试卷(带答案)

高二下学期期末考试语文试卷(带答案)

高二下学期期末考试语文试卷(带答案)注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-5题。

材料一:随着信息技术和计算机技术的快速发展,一部分信息服务平台为了迎合用户的兴趣,在信息整合的过程中使用算法技术开展个性化信息服务。

个性化信息服务虽然在一定程度上满足了用户的需求,改善了用户的体验,但是也可能引发用户信息来源片面、价值现念极化等社会问题。

信息技术促进了信息服务平台的发展,但是长期依赖算法技术推送用户喜好的信息,很可能导致用户形成信息茧房,严重影响用户的行为和决策,从长期看不利于信息技术的可持续发展。

“信息茧房”是美国学者桑斯坦对现代互联网环境的描述,指的是个人或群体被包含在一个信息壁垒内,自主或不自主地把信息选择行为固定在对特定类型信息的选择之内,进而在思想和情感方面产生对这一类信息的亲近和对其他类信息的排斥,久而久之,人们在信息选择上愈发局限。

信息茧房恰当地描述了信息如同“蚕茧”一般,包围着人们,让人们无法以不同的态度与视角认识社会。

依照桑斯坦的观点,信息茧房的前置条件是“回音室效应”。

“回音室效应”指的是在信息受众身边存在同质化的信息反复传播的情况,强化了信息受众对这一类信息的偏听偏信,也为茧房的形成提供了条件。

茧房内部自然充斥着用户个人兴趣倾向的信息内容,而不符合用户个人兴趣的信息就会被排斥于茧房外部,长此以往,用户会固化认知,甚至产生偏见。

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试历史试卷

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试历史试卷

长郡中学2023年上学期高二期末考试历史本试题卷包括选择题、非选择题两部分,共8页。

时量75分钟,满分100分。

得分:第I卷选择题(共48分)一、选择题(本大题共16小题,每小题3分,共48分。

每小题所给选项中只有一项符合题意,请将正确答案的序号填涂在答题卡上)1.据考古发现的距今约10000到9000年的浙江浦江上山遗址,出土了较多数量的炭化稻和胎土中掺和稻壳的陶器以及磨制石器;大约与此同一时期的北京门头沟东胡林遗址也出土了炭化粟和黍。

这反映出中国新石器时代A.原始农业得到广泛发展C.生产各部门的联系密切B.人们的生活相对稳定D.已有农耕和定居生活2.据史书记载,孔子曾周游列国长达14年之久,一生遍及卫、陈、鲁、宋、郑、蔡、楚诸国。

而先秦时期的墨子、庄子、孟子、荀子、韩非子等,也都是著名“游士”。

由此可见,当时A.社会阶层流动加速C.学术文化十分活跃B.诸侯争相招揽人才D.诸子百家积极入世3.据考古发现的湖南里耶秦简显示,江陵县丞暨于公元前226-前225年之间因职务上的过失、差错等,先后八次受到追责的时间、原因及具体事实等都一一清晰记载。

这表明秦朝A.地方分权制衡C.监察机制健全B.刑罚尤为严酷D.吏治管理严格4.据下表可知,西汉前期A.政府推行农本政策C.持续与民休养生息B.统治者具有民本思想D.农业生产力发展有限5.武则天统治时期(690-705年),仅明经、进士出身者就激增到20人,占这个时期宰相总数的一半左右。

玄宗开元元年至二十二年期间(713-734年),科举出身的宰相共18人,占这个时期宰相总数二十七人的三分之二。

这A.体现了士族势力的没落C.表明专业人才得到重用B.说明官员素质普遍提高D.反映出君主与丞相争权6.鸦片战争后,上海传统的布商、米商、盐商、木商等虽依然存在,但往昔的风光逐渐被从事进出口商品贸易的商人压住。

后者盈利更多、市场销路更广。

造成这一现象的根源是A.中国传统工商业的优势尽失C.列强在华攫取政治经济特权B.政府治国理念趋于保守D.东南沿海经济日渐萧条7.1861年《申报》曾载文描述当时:“京都有西人设立医院一所,用以救济疾苦之人,意至善也。

高二数学期末考试题及答案

高二数学期末考试题及答案

高二数学期末考试题及答案一、选择题1. 设集合$A=\{x \mid x\text{是正整数},1\leqslant x\leqslant 10\}$,若集合$B$表示$A$中能除以5但不能除以4,且单位数为偶数的数所构成的集合,则集合$B$的元素个数是()。

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 42. 已知实数$x$满足$x+\frac{1}{x}=3$,则$x^n+\frac{1}{x^n}$的值为()。

A. $n$B. $3n$C. $3^n$D. $2^n$3. 已知函数$f(x)=\log_2(x-a)+\log_2(x-b)$,其中$a>b$,则函数的定义域为()。

A. $[a,+\infty)$B. $[b,a]$C. $[a,+\infty)\backslash [b,+\infty)$D. $(-\infty,a)\backslash [b,a]$4. 摩天轮在运行过程中,以正比例的方式将载客量从40人逐渐增加到80人,然后又逐渐减少到40人。

从摩天轮开始运行到载客量减半,共用去了旋转的$\frac{1}{4}$的时间。

假设摩天轮的一次旋转用时不变,那么完成一个旋转用时是()。

A. 8分钟B. 10分钟C. 12分钟D. 16分钟5. 已知数列$\{a_n\}$满足$a_1=1$,$a_n=\frac{a_{n-1}}{n}+\frac{1}{n(n+1)}$,则数列$\{a_n\}$的极限值为()。

A. 0B. 1C. $\frac{1}{2}$D. $\frac{2}{3}$二、填空题6. 若直线$2x+y-3=0$与圆$x^2+y^2-4x-2y+4=0$相切,则切点坐标为()。

7. 已知函数$f(x)=(x^2-2x)e^{-mx}+c$,若曲线$y=f(x)$过点$(0,1)$且切线斜率为1,则$m$的值为()。

8. 设$A$,$B$是两个$n$阶矩阵,且$AB=BA$,则$|AB-BA|$的值为()。

辽宁省沈阳市第二中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试数学试卷

辽宁省沈阳市第二中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试数学试卷

辽宁省沈阳市第二中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试数学试卷一、单选题1.已知全集U =R ,集合2{|60}A x x x =--≤,4{|0}1xB x x -=≥+,那么集合A B ⋂=( ) A .[)2,4-B .(]1,3-C .[]2,1--D .[]1,3-2.若函数()()2212f x x a x =+-+在区间(],4-∞-上是减函数,则实数a 的取值范围是A .[)3,-+∞B .(],3-∞-C .(],5-∞D .[)3,+∞3.已知,a b ∈R ,则“0a b ==”是“0a b +=”的( ). A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件 C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件4.等差数列{}n a 前n 项和为7,4n S a =,则13S =( ) A .44B .48C .52D .565.已知函数()f x 是定义在R 上的偶函数,且在区间()–,0∞上是减函数,()10f =,则不等式()2log 0f x >的解集为( ) A .10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭B .()2,+∞C .()1,12,2⎛⎫⎪⎭⋃ ⎝+∞D .()10,2,2⎛⎫⋃+∞ ⎪⎝⎭6.设,1x y ≥,1a >,1b >.若3x y a b ==,a b +=11x y +最大值为( )A .2B .32C .1D .127.若命题“[]1,3a ∃∈,()2220ax a x +-->”是假命题,则x 不能等于( )A .1-B .0C .1D .238.已知函数()f x 的定义域为R ,且满足()()()()()()22,11,31f x f y f x y f x y f f -=+-==-,则下列结论错误的是( )A .()20f =B .()42f =C .()f x 是奇函数D .()()4f x f x +=二、多选题9.下列选项中正确的是( ) A .33log 1.1log 1.2< B .()()331.1 1.2-<- C . 1.1 1.20.990.99<D .30.990.993<10.分形几何学是美籍法国数学家伯努瓦·曼德尔布罗特在20世纪70年代创立的一门新学科,它的创立为解决传统科学领域的众多难题提供了全新的思路.下图展示了如何按照图①的分形规律生长成一个图②的树形图,设图②中第n 行白心圈的个数为n a ,黑心圈的个数为n b ,则下列说法正确的是( )A .35a =B .32b =C .数列{}n n a b -为等比数列D .图②中第2023行的黑心圈的个数是2022312-11.已知函数()24,0,31,0,x x x x f x x -⎧-≥=⎨-<⎩其中()()()f a f b f c λ===,且a b c <<,则( )A .()232f f -=-⎡⎤⎣⎦B .函数()()()g x f x f λ=-有2个零点C .314log ,45a b c ⎛⎫++∈+ ⎪⎝⎭D .()34log 5,0abc ∈-三、填空题12.已知函数()21ax bf x x +=+是奇函数,且()225f =,则12f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭. 13.函数()y f x =的图象与e x y =的图象关于y 轴对称,再把()y f x =的图象向右平移1个单位长度后得到函数()y g x =的图象,则()g x =.14.某工厂生产一种溶液,按市场要求该溶液的杂质含量不得超过0.1%,这种溶液最初的杂质含量为3%,现进行过滤,已知每过滤一次杂质含量减少13,则至少经过次过滤才能达到市场要求.(参考数据:lg 20.301≈,lg30.477≈)四、解答题15.若函数3()4=-+f x ax bx ,当2x =时,函数()f x 有极值43-.(1)求函数的极值;(2)若关于x 的方程()f x k =有三个零点,求实数k 的取值范围. 16.已知等比数列{}n a 的公比0q >,且3156a a a +=,616a =. (1)求{}n a 的通项公式;(2)若数列{}n b 满足3n n n b a λ=⋅-,且{}n b 是严格增数列,求实数λ的取值范围.17.定义在()0,∞+上的函数()f x 满足()()()f xy f x f y =+,()31f =,且1x >时,()0f x >. (1)求()1f ;(2)判断()f x 在()0,∞+上的单调性并证明; (3)若()()82f x f x +-≤,求x 的取值范围.18.已知()f x 是定义在R 上的偶函数,且()2()log 21,()()2xf x kxg x f x x =+-=+.(1)求()f x 的解析式;(2)若不等式()421(15)x xg a g -⋅+>-恒成立,求实数a 的取值范围;(3)设2()25h x x mx =-+,若存在1[0,2]x ∈,对任意的2[1,4]x ∈,都有()()12g x h x …,求实数m 的取值范围.19.已知函数()2ln f x ax x =-. (1)当1a =时,求函数()f x 的最小值;(2)试讨论函数()f x 的单调性;(3)当1x >时,不等式()(2)ln 21f x x x x a <-++-恒成立,求整数a 的最大值.。

江苏省南京市2023-2024学年下学期高二期末考试语文试题答案

江苏省南京市2023-2024学年下学期高二期末考试语文试题答案

江苏省南京市2023-2024学年下学期高二期末考试语文试题注意事项:1.本试卷共150分。

考试用时150分钟。

2.答题前,考生务必将学校、姓名、班级、学号写在答题卡的密封线内。

答案写在答题卡上对应题目的横线上。

考试结束后,请交回答题卡。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ι(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。

材料一:我国建设世界一流公共图书馆体系,既要遵循国际公认的基本规律,达到世界一流的共性指标,更要形成鲜明的中国特色,用富有中国特色的最佳实践向国际社会讲好“中国故事”,展现文化自信。

将公共图书馆事业纳入公共文化服务体系建设总体战略,成为“五位一体”总体布局的重要内容,是我国公共图书馆事业发展的一个鲜明特色。

构建公共文化服务体系的伟大实践,目的在于保障人民基本文化权利,满足人民基本文化需求,这是“以人民为中心”思想在文化建设上的根本体现。

公共图书馆服务以满足人民精神文化需求为出发点和落脚点。

新时期我国公共图书馆服务理念与国际通行的现代图书馆服务理念一脉相承。

强调公共图书馆在提升人民文化凝聚力、巩固人民共同思想基础、坚定文化自信上的独特作用和社会责任,强调公共图书馆服务满足人民文化需求与增强人民精神力量相统一。

中国共产党的集中统一领导,是中国特色社会主义的本质特征和最大优势。

健全人民文化权益保障制度,是坚持和完善繁荣发展社会主义先进文化制度的重要内容。

党的集中统一领导、各级政府的主导与保障责任,为我国公共图书馆事业持续健康发展提供了根本保证。

《中华人民共和国公共文化服务保障法》《中华人民共和国公共图书馆法》看到我国公共图书馆体系建设建立在明确的、强有力的政府主导基础上,有上下贯通、全面覆盖、执行有力的体制保障,这一制度优势和体制优势为我国建设世界一流公共图书馆体系谋定而动、慎始善终提供了坚强保证。

建设国际一流公共图书馆体系,不是个别图书馆或个别地区的一流,而是全国公共图书馆整体迈向世界先进水平。

精品解析:重庆市巴蜀中学校2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题(解析版)

精品解析:重庆市巴蜀中学校2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题(解析版)

高2025届高二(下)期末考试英语试卷注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、班级、学校在答题卡上填写清楚。

2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

在试卷上作答无效。

3.考试结束后,请将答题卡交回,试卷自行保存。

满分150分,考试用时120分钟。

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What will Matthew do on the weekend?A.Attend an exhibition.B.Enter a contest.C.Visit China.2.Where do the speakers want to go?A.To a supermarket.B.To a bank.C.To a restaurant.3.When will the man see the film?A.At1:30p.m.B.At3:30p.m.C.At5:30p.m.4.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.A noisy night.B.A place of living.C.Their sleeping habits.5.Why did the man call the woman last night?A.To give her fruits.B.To invite her to a party.C.To ask for her cousin's number.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2024高二数学期末考试试题

2024高二数学期末考试试题

2024高二数学期末考试试题1. 选择题1. 在平面直角坐标系中,已知点A(3, 4),B(6, -2),C(-1, -2),则三角形ABC的周长为:A. 10B. 12C. 15D. 182. 设函数f(x) = x^2 - 2x + 1,下列哪个不是其定义域?A. (-∞, ∞)B. (-∞, 0)C. (0, ∞)D. x = 13. 已知集合A = {1, 2, 3, 4},集合B = {3, 4, 5},则A ∩ B =A. {1, 2}B. {3, 4}C. {3, 4, 5}D. ∅4. 若a,b都是正实数,且满足a + b = 1,则a/b + b/a的最小值是:A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 42. 填空题1. 若x^2 - x + k = 0有两个相等的实根,则k的取值范围为______。

2. 已知函数f(x) = x^2 - 3x + 2,求f(2)的值为______。

3. 设集合A = {1, 2, 3, 4},集合B = {2, 3, 4, 5},则A ∪ B = ______。

4. 不等式2x + 3 < 7的解集为______。

3. 解答题1. 已知函数f(x) = 2x^2 - 4x + 3,求f(x)的最大值及最小值,并说明最小值点和最大值点的坐标。

解:首先,我们可以求出函数 f(x) 的导函数 f'(x),即 f'(x) = 4x - 4。

然后,令 f'(x) = 0,解得 x = 1。

将 x = 1 代入 f(x) 中,可以得到 f(1) = 1。

所以,f(x) 的最大值为 1,最小值为 f(1) = 1。

最小值点的坐标为 (1, 1),最大值点的坐标也为 (1, 1)。

2. 已知集合 A = {1, 2, 3, 4},集合 B = {3, 4, 5},求 A - B 的结果。

解:A -B 表示从集合 A 中去掉集合 B 中的元素。

高二期末考试试卷地理

高二期末考试试卷地理

高二期末考试试卷地理一、选择题(每题2分,共40分)1. 地球的自转周期是多久?A. 24小时B. 12小时C. 1个月D. 1年2. 下列哪个是地球公转的直接结果?A. 日夜更替B. 季节变化C. 潮汐现象D. 月食3. 地球上的气候类型主要有几种?A. 3种B. 5种C. 7种D. 10种4. 以下哪个是影响气候的主要因素?A. 海洋B. 地形C. 纬度D. 人类活动5. 长江是中国的哪一条河流?A. 黄河B. 长江C. 珠江D. 黑龙江6. 我国最大的淡水湖是?A. 太湖B. 鄱阳湖C. 洞庭湖D. 青海湖7. 以下哪个地区属于温带大陆性气候?A. 东北B. 西藏C. 新疆D. 云南8. 我国最大的沙漠是?A. 塔克拉玛干沙漠B. 戈壁沙漠C. 库姆塔格沙漠D. 巴丹吉林沙漠9. 以下哪个国家不属于东南亚?A. 越南B. 菲律宾C. 泰国D. 印度10. 世界上最大的洋是?A. 大西洋B. 太平洋C. 印度洋D. 北冰洋11. 以下哪个是板块构造学说中的概念?A. 地壳B. 地幔C. 板块D. 地核12. 以下哪个是造成地震的主要原因?A. 火山爆发B. 地壳运动C. 海啸D. 气候变化13. 以下哪个是造成海啸的主要原因?A. 地震B. 火山爆发C. 气候变化D. 台风14. 以下哪个是造成洪水的主要原因?A. 台风B. 干旱C. 地震D. 气候变化15. 以下哪个是造成干旱的主要原因?A. 降雨量减少B. 河流干涸C. 气候变化D. 地壳运动16. 以下哪个是造成土地沙漠化的主要原因?A. 过度放牧B. 森林砍伐C. 气候变化D. 火山爆发17. 以下哪个是造成全球变暖的主要原因?A. 工业排放B. 农业活动C. 森林砍伐D. 火山爆发18. 以下哪个是造成酸雨的主要原因?A. 工业排放B. 农业活动C. 森林砍伐D. 火山爆发19. 以下哪个是造成臭氧层破坏的主要原因?A. 工业排放B. 农业活动C. 森林砍伐D. 火山爆发20. 以下哪个是造成生物多样性减少的主要原因?A. 工业排放B. 农业活动C. 森林砍伐D. 火山爆发二、填空题(每空1分,共20分)21. 地球的赤道半径约为________公里。

2023-2024学年北京市西城区高二上学期期末考试语文试卷含详解

2023-2024学年北京市西城区高二上学期期末考试语文试卷含详解
(取材于李泽厚、钱理群等的相关文章)
材料二
写文章削尽冗繁,洗却铅华,达到大朴的境界才是艺术的极致。简洁是大朴的必要条件,是通往大朴境界的桥梁。鲁迅散文的简洁不仅表现在文字上,更主要的是表现在作品的思想容量上。一篇千字散文不仅是感情的浓缩,更是哲理的升华。他总是用思想家的眼光来审视社会、审视人生,并且把自己的真知灼见融贯在诗意的艺术图景中。
侯嬴、豫让,出身以报恩;专诸、荆轲,奋命以效用。故死可为也,处之难尔。庞勋、勃绍,一旦见收,亦立为义报,况累旧乎?俗士浅短,急于目前,见赴有益则先至,顾无用则后背。是以欲速之徒,竞推上而不暇接下,争逐前而不遑恤后。是故韩安国能遗田蚡五百金,而不能赈一穷;霍方进称淳于长,而不能荐一士。此奸雄所以逐党进,而处子所以愈拥蔽也。非明圣之君,孰能照察?
北京市西城区2023-2024学年度第一学期期末试卷
高二语文
本试卷共10页,150分。考试时长150分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、本大题共6小题,共21分。
阅读下面材料,完成下面小题。
材料一
鲁迅的散文抒情性浓郁,具有能穿透岁月的美感力量。在那夜气如磐的年代里,鲁迅用他的文章表达对革命者和先驱们的崇仰与缅怀,寄托自己对未来的热烈向往。
“心事浩茫连广宇”,鲁迅的感情并非个人一己的私情,而是人民大众的感情,革命斗争的激情。它不仅是一个伟大心灵的激越呼喊,而且显示着时代历史前进的足音。“五四”以后,中国文坛上的散文作家,或叙写个人凄寂飘零的感怀,或抒发自己愤激郁闷的情思,思想境界不够广远。因此,鲁迅的散文总有一种超越时空的艺术感染力。
鲁迅的散文,辞浅意深,言近旨远,令人回味无穷。这,就是鲁迅散文大朴境界所取得的极妙效果。

江苏省南京市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试 语文含答案

江苏省南京市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试 语文含答案

南京市高二期末考试语文试卷(答案在最后)一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,17分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

材料一:一切种类的文学艺术的源泉究竟是从何而来的呢?作为观念形态的文艺作品,都是一定的社会生活在人类头脑中反映的产物。

革命的文艺,则是人民生活在革命作家头脑中的反映的产物。

人民生活中本来存在着文学艺术原料的矿藏,这是自然形态的东西,是粗糙的东西,但也是最生动、最丰富、最基本的东西;在这点上说,它们使一切文学艺术相形见绌,它们是一切文学艺术的取之不尽、用之不竭的唯一的源泉。

人类的社会生活虽是文学艺术的唯一源泉,虽是较之后者有不可比拟的生动丰富的内容,但是人民还是不满足于前者而要求后者。

这是为什么呢?因为虽然两者都是美,但是文艺作品中反映出来的生活却可以而且应该比普通的实际生活更高,更强烈,更有集中性,更典型,更理想,因此就更带普遍性。

革命的文艺,应当根据实际生活创造出各种各样的人物来,帮助群众推动历史的前进。

例如一方面是人们受饿、受冻、受压迫,一方面是人剥削人、人压迫人,这个事实到处存在着,人们也看得很平淡;文艺就把这种日常的现象集中起来,把其中的矛盾和斗争典型化,造成文学作品或艺术作品,就能使人民群众惊醒起来,感奋起来,推动人民群众走向团结和斗争,实行改造自己的环境。

如果没有这样的文艺,那么这个任务就不能完成,或者不能有力地迅速地完成。

(摘编自毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》)材料二:文学的艺术真实不同于生活真实,在于前者被灌注了“生气”或“生命”。

巴尔扎克说道:“艺术家的使命就是把生命灌注到他所塑造的人物里去,把描绘变成真实。

如果他只是想去临摹一个现实的人,那么他的作品就根本不能引起人们的兴趣。

”他在小说《玄妙的杰作》中,借一位艺术家之口,道出了如何使艺术形象获得生命的某些奥秘。

那位画家说,艺术的使命不是临摹大自然,而是表达大自然,否则一个雕塑家给人造型,依样画葫芦地捏成一个复制品就行了。

高二期末语文考试卷含答案

高二期末语文考试卷含答案

一、选择题(每小题2分,共20分)1. 下列词语中,字形、字音完全正确的一项是:A. 殚精竭虑(dān jīng jié lǜ)B. 恣意妄为(zì yì wàng wéi)C. 恍若隔世(huǎng ruò gé shì)D. 豁然开朗(huò rán kāi lǎng)2. 下列句子中,没有语病的一项是:A. 近年来,我国经济持续发展,人民生活水平不断提高,我国在国际上的地位也日益提高。

B. 在这次比赛中,他的表现得到了教练和观众的一致好评。

C. 由于天气原因,原定的活动被迫取消。

D. 为了提高学生的学习成绩,学校决定加强师资队伍建设。

3. 下列词语中,与“锦上添花”意思相近的一项是:A. 画蛇添足B. 好上加好C. 指鹿为马D. 亡羊补牢4. 下列句子中,使用成语正确的一项是:A. 这本书让我受益匪浅,如获至宝。

B. 他的演讲激情澎湃,令人热血沸腾。

C. 他的成绩一直名列前茅,是班级的佼佼者。

D. 他的观点与众不同,独树一帜。

5. 下列句子中,使用比喻手法正确的一项是:A. 她的笑声如春风拂面,让人心情愉悦。

B. 这本书内容丰富,像一座宝藏。

C. 他的话犹如一把利剑,刺痛了我的心。

D. 这座城市的夜景美如画,犹如仙境。

二、填空题(每空2分,共10分)6. 《沁园春·雪》中,“北国风光,千里冰封,万里雪飘”描绘了一幅_______的壮丽景象。

7. 《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》中,“大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物”表达了诗人对_______的感慨。

8. 《己亥杂诗》中,“_______,我劝天公重抖擞,不拘一格降人材”表达了诗人对人才的期望。

9. 《岳阳楼记》中,“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”体现了作者_______的思想。

10. 《出师表》中,“_______,鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已”表达了诸葛亮对国家和民族的忠诚。

精品解析:山东省济南市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试语文试卷(解析版)

精品解析:山东省济南市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试语文试卷(解析版)

2024年7月济南市高二期末学习质量检测语文试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号和座位号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时,用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。

一、(27分)1.下列各项中,字形和加点字的读音全都正确的一项是()A.搽.粉(chá)择.菜(zhái)着.落(zhuó)噩梦挖墙脚不记其数B.口讷.(nè)旋.涡(xuàn)漫溯.(shuò)撺掇一窝蜂相形见绌C.喑哑.(yǎ)迁徙.(xǐ)偌.大(ruò)永诀笑眯眯纹丝不动D.攒.射(cuán)饲.养(sì)爱憎.(zēng)奚落打瞌睡穿流不息【答案】C【解析】【详解】本题考查学生识记常用字字音和字形的能力。

A.“不记其数”的“记”应写作“计”;B.“旋涡”的“旋”应读作xuán;“漫溯”的“溯”应读作sù;D.“穿流不息”的“穿”应写作“川”。

故选C。

2.依次填入下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是()(1)天文学界的争论一直不曾停歇,总的趋势是信奉浑天说的人越来越多,浑天说______成为天文学界对宇宙结构认识的主流。

(2)由于每个物种都有按照几何级数过度繁殖的______,所以自然选择的结果就更倾向于保存物种中那些最为歧异的后代。

(3)设立朝华社的目的是绍介东欧和北欧文学,输入外国的版画,因为我们都以为应该______一点刚健质朴的文艺。

(4)对于所有这些银河系里的恒星,地球上的居民到______为止比较了解的却只有一个。

A.逐渐趋向扶植目前B.逐步趋向扶持目前C.逐渐取向扶植日前D.逐步取向扶持日前【答案】A【解析】【详解】本题考查学生辨析并运用近义词的能力。

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博乐市高级中学华中师大一附中博乐分校2012-2013学年第一学期期末考试高二物理试卷本试卷满分100分,考试时间为90分钟一、选择题(本题共12小题,每题4分,共48分.有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确,请选出正确选项前的字母。

)1.发现通电导线周围存在磁场的科学家是( )A.洛伦兹 B.库仑C.法拉第 D.奥斯特2.在一个点电荷形成的电场中,关于电场强度和电势的说法中正确的是()A.没有任何两点电场强度相同B.可以找到很多电场强度相同的点C.没有任何两点电势相等D.可以找到很多电势相等的点3.导体的电阻是导体本身的一种性质,对于同种材料的导体,下列表述正确的是( ) A.横截面积一定,电阻与导体的长度成正比B.长度一定,电阻与导体的横截面积成正比C.电压一定,电阻与通过导体的电流成反比D.电流一定,电阻与导体两端的电压成正比4.一平行板电容器充电后与电源断开,负极板接地,在两极板间有一正电荷(电量很小)固定在P点,如图所示.以E表示两极板间的场强,U表示电容器的电压,ε表示正电荷在P点的电势能,若保持负极板不动,将正极板移到图中虚线所示的位置,则()A.U变小,E不变B.E变大,ε变大C.U变小,ε不变D.U不变,ε不变5.如右图所示,AB是某点电荷电场中一条电场线,在电场线上P处自由释放一个负试探电荷时,它沿直线向B点处运动,对此现象下列判断正确的是(不计电荷重力)( )A.电荷向B做匀加速运动B.电荷向B做加速度越来越小的运动C.电荷向B做加速度越来越大的运动D.电荷向B做加速运动,加速度的变化情况不能确定6.如右图所示,当滑动变阻器的滑动触头P向右移动时,三个灯泡亮度的变化情况是( )A.L1变亮,L2和L3皆变暗B.L1变亮,L2不能确定,L3变暗C.L1变暗,L2变亮,L3也变亮D.L1变亮,L2变亮,L3变暗7.如图所示,直线A为电源的U-I图线,曲线B为灯泡电阻的U-I图线,用该电源和小灯泡组成闭合电路时,电源的输出功率和电路的总功率分别是( )A .4W 、8WB .2W 、4WC .4W 、6WD .2W 、3W8.如图所示,把轻质导线圈用绝缘细线悬挂在磁铁N 极附近,磁铁的轴线穿过线圈的圆心,且垂直于线圈平面,当线圈中通入如图所示方向的电流后,线圈的运动情况是( ) A.线圈向左运动 B.线圈向右运动 C.从上往下看顺时针转动 D.从上往下看逆时针转动9、下图是质谱仪工作原理的示意图。

带电粒子a 、b 经电压U 加速(在A 点初速度为零)后,进入磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场做匀速圆周运动,最后分别打在感光板S 上的x 1、x 2处。

图中半圆形的虚线分别表示带电粒子a 、b 所通过的路径,则 ( )A .a 的质量一定大于b 的质量B .a 的电荷量一定大于b 的电荷量C .a 运动的时间大于b 运动的时间D .a 的比荷(q a /m a )大于b 的比荷(q b /m b )10..空间存在竖直向下的匀强电场和水平方向(垂直纸面向里)的匀强磁场,如图所示,已知一离子在电场力和洛仑兹力共同作用下,从静止开始自A 点沿曲线ACB 运动,到达B 点时速度为零,C 为运动的最低点.不计重力,则 ( ) A.该离子带负电B.A 、B 两点位于同一高度C.C 点时离子速度最大D.离子到达B 点后,将沿原曲线返回A 点11.如下图为一匀强电场,某带电粒子从A 点运动到B 点.在这一运动过程中克服重力做的功为2.0 J ,电场力做的功为1.5 J .则下列说法正确的是( )A .粒子带负电B .粒子在A 点的电势能比在B 点少1.5 JC .粒子在A 点的动能比在B 点多0.5 JD .粒子在A 点的机械能比在B 点少1.5 J12.如图所示,虚线表示某点电荷Q 所激发电场的等势面,已知a 、b 两点在同一等势面上, c 、d 两点在另一个等势面上。

甲、乙两个带电粒子以相同的速率,沿不同的方向从同一点a 射入电场,在电场中沿不同的轨迹adb 曲线、acb 曲线运动。

则下列说法正确的是 ( ) ①两粒子所带的电荷符号不同②甲粒子经过c 点时的速度大于乙粒子经过d 点的速度③两个粒子的电势能都是先减小后增大④经过b 点时,两粒子的动能一定相等A .①②B .①③C .③④D . ①④ 二、实验题(本题共2小题,共14分) x x 1 x 2abBAUv SQ b甲乙 d c a13.(6分)一多用电表的欧姆挡有三个倍率,分别是×1 Ω、×10 Ω、×100 Ω.用×10 Ω挡测量某电阻时,操作步骤正确,发现表头指针偏转角度很小,为了较准确地进行测量,发现表头指针偏转角度很小,为了较准确地进行测量,应换到________挡.如果换挡后立即用表笔连接待测电阻进行读数,那么缺少的步骤是________,若补上该步骤后测量,表盘的示数如图所示,则该电阻的阻值是________ Ω.14.(8分)在用电压表和电流表测电池的电动势和内阻的实验中,所用电压表和电流表的内阻分别为1 k Ω和0.1 Ω,图9为实验原理图及所需器件图.(1)在图中画出连线,将器件按原理图连接成实物电路.图9图10(2)一位同学记录的6组数据见下表,试根据这些数据在图10中画出U-I图象,根据图象读出电池的电动势E=______________ V,求出电池的内阻r=____________ Ω.I(A)0.120.200.310.320.500.57U(V) 1.37 1.32 1.24 1.18 1.10 1.05三、计算题(本题共4小题,共38分,计算时必须有必要的文字说明和解题步骤,有数值计算的要注明单位)15.(9分)把带电荷量2×10-8 C的正点电荷从无限远处移到电场中A点,要克服电场力做功8×10-6 J,若把该电荷从无限远处移到电场中B点,需克服电场力做功2×10-6 J,求:(1)A点的电势;(2)A、B两点的电势差;(3)把2×10-5 C的负电荷由A点移到B点电场力做的功.16.(9分)如图所示,在倾角为37°的光滑斜面上有一根长为0.4 m,质量为6×10-2 kg的通电直导线,电流强度I=1 A,方向垂直于纸面向外,导线用平行于斜面的轻绳拴住不动,整个装置放在磁感应强度每秒增加0.4 T,方向竖直向上的磁场中,设t=0时,B=0,则需要几秒,斜面对导线的支持力为零?(g取10 m/s2)17.(10分)如图所示,水平放置的两块长直平行金属板a 、b 相距d = 0.10m ,a 、b 间的电场强度为E =5.0×105N/C ,b 板下方整个空间存在着磁感应强度大小为B = 6.0T 、方向垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场.今有一质量为m = 4.8×10-25kg 、电荷量为q = 1.6×10-18C 的带正电的粒子(不计重力),从贴近a 板的左端以v 0= 1.0×10 6m/s 的初速度水平射入匀强电场,刚好从狭缝P 穿过b 板而垂直进入匀强磁场,最后粒子回到边界b 的Q (图中未标出)处.试求 (1)粒子穿过狭缝P 时的速度v 及其与b 板的夹角θ. (2)P 、Q 之间的距离L.18.(10分)如图所示,一个质量为m ,带电量为+q 的粒子以速度v 0从O 点沿y 轴正方向射入磁感应强度为B 的圆形匀强磁场区域,磁场方向垂直纸面向外,粒子飞出磁场区域后,从点b 处穿过x 轴,速度方向与x 轴正方向的夹角为300.粒子的重力不计,试求:(1)圆形匀强磁场区域的最小面积. (2)粒子在磁场中运动的时间.(3)b 到O 的距离.d a b PB θυ0υ b xy O m ,qv 030°博乐市高级中学华中师大一附中博乐分校2012-2013学年第一学期期末考试高二物理答题卡一、选择题(本题共12小题,每题4分,共48分.有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确,请选出正确选项前的字母。

)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12二、实验题(本题共2小题,共14分)13.14.(1)(2)15(9分)16(9分)得分评卷人得分评卷人17(10分)18(10分)得分 评卷人得分 评卷人dabPBθυ0 υbxyOm ,q v 0 30°答案1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 DADAACDCCBDBCCDA13.×100 Ω 调零 2.2×103解析 用×10 Ω挡测电阻时,表头指针偏转角度很小,说明待测电阻阻值很大,应换到×100 Ω挡,换当后应先调零,由表盘可知,其测量电阻的阻值为R =22×100 Ω=2.2×103Ω. 14.(1)、(2)见解析图 1.45 0.69解析 (1)按照实验原理图将实物图连接起来,如图甲所示.(2)根据U 、I 数据,在方格纸U ­I 坐标系上找点描迹.如图乙所示,然后将直线延长,交U 轴于U 1≈1.45 V ,此即为电源电动势;交I 轴于I ≈0.65 A ,注意此时U 2=1.00 V ,由闭合电路欧姆定律得I =E -U 2r ,则r =E -U 2I =1.45-1.000.65Ω≈0.69 Ω.甲乙15.解析: (1)正点电荷从无限远处移到电场中A 点,要克服电场力做功8×10-6 J ,所以E p A =8×10-6J .φA =E p A q =8×10-62×10-8=400 V , (2)E p B =2×10-6J ,φB =E p B q =2×10-62×10-8=100 V .由电势差定义:U AB =φA -φB =300 V.(3)把2×10-5C 的负电荷由A 点移到B 点电场力做的功为:W AB =qU AB =-2×10-5×300 J =-6×10-3 J.答案: (1)400 V (2)300 V (3)-6×10-3J 16.【答案】5 s【详解】斜面对导线的支持力为零时导线的受力如图所示 由平衡条件F T cos37°=FF T sin37°=mg由①②解得:F =mgtan37°代入数值得:F =0.8 N由F =BIL 得B =F IL =0.81×0.4 T =2 TB 与t 的变化关系为B =0.4t解得t =5 s17.(1)粒子从a 板左端运动到P 处,由动能定理得qEd = 1 2 m υ2 - 1 2 m υ02υ =2qEdm+υ02代入有关数据,解得υ = 233× 106m/scos θ = υ0υ = 32θ = 30°(2)粒子在磁场中做匀速圆周运动,圆心为O ,半径为r ,如图。

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