辽工大专业英语小条

一、词汇氧乙炔焊Oxyacetylene welding电弧焊Arc Welding熔化极气体保护焊gas metal arc welding 熔化极惰性气体保护焊metal inert gases arc welding活性气体保护metal active gases arc welding 钨极气体保护电弧Gas tungsten arc welding 埋弧焊Submerged arc welding激光束焊接Laser beam welding电子束焊Electron beam welding压力焊Pressure welding电阻焊resistance welding冷压焊Cold pressure welding摩擦焊接Friction welding超声波焊接Ultrasonic welding高频焊接High frequency welding钎焊焊接Brazing welding黑色金属nonferrous metal杂质impurity不锈钢stainless steel焊区welding zone表面硬化case hardening临界点critical point渗碳carburizing淬透性hardenability体心立方body-centered cubic面心立方face-centered cubic奥氏体austenite铁素体ferrite马氏体martensite渗碳体cementite晶格crystal lattice热应力thermal stress脱碳decarburizing热变形heat distortion二氧化碳carbon dioxide气孔porosity电压降voltage drop正接straight polarity反接reverse polarity阳极anode阴极cathode 1.welding: welding is the joining of metals and plastics by methods that do not employ fastening devices2.ferrous metal: Ferrous metals are those which contain iron. Nonferrous metals are those which do not contain iron.3.nonferrous metal: nonferrous metals may contain a small amount of iron as an impurity.4.manual welding: Manual welding is understood be that in which the welding variables are continuously controlled by the operator and means for welding held in the operator’s hand.5.steel: Steel is an alloy containing chiefly iron, carbon, and certain other elements in varying amounts.6.low carbon steel: Low-carbon steel, often called soft or mild steel, contains 0.04 to 0.30 percent carbon (4 to 30 points).7.heat treatment: Heat-treatment is a term applied to a variety of procedures for changing the characteristics of metal by heating and cooling.8.hardening: Hardening is a process of heating and cooling steel to increase its hardness and tensile strength, to reduce its ductility, and to obtain a fine grain structure.9.tempering: Tempering is a process of reducing the degree of hardness and strength and increasing the toughness. It removes the brittleness from a hardened piece.10.annealing: Annealing is the process of softening steel to relieve internal strain. This makes the steel easier to machine.11.stress relieving: Stress relieving is a means of removing the internal stresses which develop during the welding operation.12.ferrite: essentially bcc pure iron; soft and ductile13.cementite: iron carbide, Fe3C; hard hand brittle14.pearlite: lamellar mixture of ferrite and cementite; 0.8% carbon15.austenite: face-centered iron or steel; ductile16.martensite: hard and brittle quenched steel17.case hardeningcase:hardening is a process of hardening law-carbon or mild stools by adding carbon. Nitrogen or a combination of carbon and nitrogen to the outer surface forming a hard , tain outer shell.18.carburizing: Carburizing is a process of heating Low-carbon steel in a furnateamount of carbon monoxide.19.gas welding: Gas welding utilizes the energy released during combustion of fuel gas with air or oxygen.20.special welding:The special welding methods that don’t use for energy either the combustion of a fuel gas or the electric energy an arc of resistance.三、汉译英1.焊接技术已经变得如此通用以致Welding techniques have become so versatile that it is difficult nowadays to define “welding”. Formerly welding was “the joining of metals by fusion”, that is, by melting, but this definition will no longer do.2.碳是迄今为止最重要的合金元素在钢中Carbon is by far the most important alloying element in steel. The higher the carbon content, the higher the tensile strength and the greater the hardness to which the steel may be heat-treated.3．低碳钢材通常用于Low-carbon steels are usually used for low-strength parts requiring a great deal of forming. Medium-carbon steels are used for forgings and other applications where increased strength and a certain amount of ductility are necessary.4．普通碳钢中碳是唯一的合金元素A plain carbon steel is one in which carbon is the only alloying element. The amount of carbon in the steel controls its hardness, strength, and ductility. The higher the carbon content, the harder the steel. Conversely, the less the carbon the greater the ductility of the steel.5.通过适当热处理By proper heat treatment, it is possible to obtain certain characteristics in metal such as hardness, tensile strength and ductility. In industry, it is a highly scientific and complicated procedure requiring much equipment.6.退火使得钢容易被加工Annealing makes the steel easier to machine，at the same time,it can relieve stain in metals after it has been welded .7.对于一个纯铁For a pure iron, the phase change from body-centered cubic ferrite at lower temperatures to face-centered cubic austenite.8.一个焊接然后是首先一个铸造A weld then is first of all a casting, The metal adjacent to the fusion weld was not melted but was heated to a high temperature. This heated but unmelted metal is called the heat-affected zone9.多焊接技术是关心保持氢气、氧气、氮气远离金属的焊接Much welding technique is concerned with keeping hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen away from the metal being welded.10在电子束焊接,仅仅有一个非常狭窄的融In electron beam welding, only a very narrow fusion zone is produced, and only the welded joint is heated, the surrounding metal being unaffected by heat. 四、英译汉1. The joining of metals by methods that do 不使用系紧装置来连接金属的方法是一种和锻造一样古老的技术，尽管如此，焊接作为制造工艺必须被认为是二十世纪的发展。