高考英语语法专题名词.doc
高考英语一轮语法知识 名词和冠词
专题一 名词和冠词（一）名词1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加 s 。
friend 朋友→friendsnation国家→nations(2) 词尾是 s ，x ，ch ，sh 时一般加es 。
知识点一 名词的数interest 兴趣→interests change 变化→changesmember 成员→members painting 油画→paintings bus 公共汽车→buses fox 狐狸→foxes coach 教练→coaches bush 灌木丛→bushes 注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加 s 。
(3) 词尾是辅音字母＋y 时，变 y 为 i 再加 es 。
enemy 敌人→enemies hobby 业余爱好→hobbies difficulty 困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母＋y 时，直接加 s 。
guy 家伙→guys key 钥匙→keys(4) 词尾是f 或fe 时，多将 f 或fe 变为 ves 。
shelf 架子→shelves knife 刀子→knives wolf 狼→wolves calf 牛犊→calves housewife 家庭主妇→housewives(5) 词尾是 o 的名词，有些直接加s ，有些加 es 。
piano 钢琴→pianos photo 相片→photos zoo 动物园→zoos bamboo 竹子→bamboos tomato 番茄→tomatoes potato 土豆→potatoes 实录：名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语，但不能作谓语。
1818 专题一名词和冠词第1 页（共8 页）小学数学资料群：271730239，小学奥数群：221739457，中考数学群：579251397，初中奥数学生群:253736211，初中奥数教练群112464128，中考物理群：227284641，初中物理竞赛群：271751304，中考化学名词单数变复数，直接加-s 占多数；s，x，z，ch，sh 来结尾，直接加上-es；词尾是f 或fe，加-s 之前先变ve；辅母＋y 在词尾，把y 变i 再加-es；词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
透析高考英语语法专题—名词(精)
3.以o结尾的名词变复数无规律可言，但中学阶段以o结尾变复数加es的单词可概括为“两人两菜”：Negro黑人；hero英雄；tomato番茄；potato马铃薯。其他加s。
4.以f/fe结尾的名词变复数也无规律可言，但中学阶段以f/fe结尾变复数改f/fe为v加es的单词可概括为“贼(thief)的妻子(wife)头戴树叶(leave)用架子(shelf)上的半(half)把小刀(knife)结束了一只狼(wolf)的生命(life)”。其他加s。
翻译下列句子
1. I'd like a coffee.
2. Travelling on that lonely island was a terrible experience.
结论：
不可数名词前一般不能用不定冠词，但在物质名词个体化或抽象名词具体化的情况下，可以使用。
如a coffee意为“一杯咖啡”，此时coffee变成个体名词；“He is a failure as a writer.”中的a failure意为“失败者”，此时failure具体化，由抽象名词变为个体名词。
写出下列各组词的复数形式
（一）
class__________match__________box__________ brush__________
（二）
play__________ story___________
（三）
tomato__________ potato__________zoo __________hero __________
指出画线部分单词的含义
1. Healthy diet should includevegetables.
高三英语精编复习资料语法专题(名词和代词)
2009年高三英语精编复习资料：语法专题（名词和代词）名词：历年高考英语对名词的考查：一、名词词义辨析：1.对固定搭配中的名词的考查此部分主要考查名词与形容词、动词或介词的搭配。
搭配问题比较复杂, 有时是依据语法搭配, 有时又是依据习惯搭配。
由于没有任何规律可言, 语境的辅助作用又比较有限, 因此备考中应强调日常积累与总结归类。
例1：Don't leave matches or cigarettes on the table within______ of little children.A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance例2：This is not a match. We're playing chess just for______.A.habitB.customC.funD.game2.依据语境选择合适的名词此部分主要考查多义词在特定的上下文语境中的意义选择, 它要求考生既能掌握名词近义词之间的细微区别, 又要能够充分挖掘语境的内在要求, 这是名词考查的最难部分。
例3：lt can't be a（n）______that four jewelry stores were robbed one night.A.coincidenceB.accidentC.incidentD.chance例4：－l'm sorry l stepped outside for a smoke. l was very tired.－There is no______ for this while you are on duty.A.reasonB.excuseC.causeD.explanation二、可数名词、不可数名词及它们之间的转化。
高考对此点的考查主要集中在两个方面：一是考查名词的可数与不可数；二是抽象名词与普通名词的转化。
１.对名词可数、不可数的考查例５：He gained his________ by printing______ of famous writers.A.wealthB.wealths; worksC.wealths; workD.wealth; works２.抽象名词与普通名词的转化例６：When you finish reading the book, you will have______ better understanding of______life.A.a; theB.the; aC.不填; theD.a;不填例7：One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_______ good knowledge of basic word formation.A.不填B.theC.aD.one三、名词作定语名词作定语时, 通常用单数形式。
高考英语语法专题复习名词从句、定语从句
语法系列复习专题九-----名词从句、定语从句名词从句名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
例如：宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：1．w hether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether 可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：（1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。
例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).（2）引导表语从句时。
例The problem is whether he can get a job.（3）引导同位语从句时。
例：I have no idea whether he will come.（4）介词后的whether从句。
例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2．位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3．在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。
高考英语语法必考考点1名词含解析
2019 年高考英语语法必考考点（ 1）：名词含分析【考点解读】研究最近几年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要观察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数( 可数与不行数、单数与复数 ) 、名词的所有格、抽象名词的详细化、物质名词的量化、词性变换、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
在高考试题中，名词常联合其余项目一同观察，观察题型以短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、单项选择、及写作部分等。
对名词的观察一般放在名词词义辨析（特别是同义词和近义词的辨析）、名词的习习用法、一词多义、抽象名词详细化、词性变换、名词动用等方面。
1、对同义词、近义词的观察如： At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】 D。
【分析】在会议上他们议论了三种不一样的学习数学的方法。
way 意为“方式，方法”，可指详细的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、做事的方法，也可指个人特别的方式、方法。
approach意为“接近，凑近，方式，方法”，指凑近某人或某事，也可指对待或办理事情的方式或方法。
mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采纳的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法; 用于详细意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、资料、机器、器具、车船等。
method 意为“方式，方法”，指详细的、系统的、有步骤的方法，重申条理性及高效率。
【点睛】面对英语学习中的大批近义词，仅凭母语我们常常没法把它们真实理解和解说清楚。
要尽可能地多翻阅英语字典，注意并比较它们的基本意，用英语的思想方式和语言来解说和理解它们。
2、对相像词的观察如： Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】 B。
高考英语语法分类专题--名词
.高考英语语法分类专题名词名词的单复数1）不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式，如果需要表示多少，通常要用“a+表示数量的词+of+名词”来表示。
通常抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词。
同时，不可数名词之间的意义区别是名词的重要考点。
常见的不可数名词有：①物质名词：ice，coffee，soup，grass，cloth，clothing，iron，food,bread等。
②抽象名词：thought, success, advice，knowledge, experience，courage，fun，childhood等。
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾2）可数名词复数的变化①规则变化②不规则变化passers by, sons-in-law, policemen,lookerson, grown ups2.名词的复数类指与冠词复数可数名词表示泛指，前面一般不加冠词，如果加冠词则表示特指或事物的类别。
—Could you tell me the way to Johnsons，please?—Sorry，we don’t have Johnson here in the village.A.the；theB.the；aC./；theD.the；/解析：选B。
前面“the+姓氏的复数”指一家人或夫妇两个；后面表示“一个姓……的人”，为泛指概念，因此姓氏的前面加不定冠词a。
3.名词在特殊情况下的复数使用有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式，如：thanks, clothes，congratulations，goods，works，shoes，trousers 等。
有些短语也要求用名词复数形式：make preparations for 为……做准备take pains to do sth. 努力做某事make both ends meet 收支平衡ke ep ties with 同……保持联系be in high spirits 兴致勃勃;情绪很高do/make repairs 进行修理二、名词所有格1.对于有生命的名词，其单数的所有格一般在名词后面加“’s”，如：the boy s bag 这个男孩的书包，而以s结尾的人名或复数名词后直接加“’”，如:Teachers’Day 教师节，Charles’home查理的家。
高考英语语法名词专题讲解练习含答案
可数名词的数1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。
(1)以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加–s ，但下列名词要加–es ：黑人英雄．．．．在回声．．中吃土豆．．、西红柿．．．，即：Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes 。
下列以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以加–es ，也可以加–s ：zeros /zeroes(零)，mosquitos/mosquitoes(蚊子)，volcanos/volcanoes(火山)。
(2)以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时，一般去掉f 或fe 加–ves ：为了自己活命．．．．，小偷．．和他的妻子．．手里拿着刀子．．和树叶．．站在架子．．上，把狼．劈成两半．，即：selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves 。
但下列以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时直接加–s ：屋．顶．上的首领信仰保险箱．．．．．．．，即：roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes 。
下列以–f 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以去掉f 加–ves ，也可以直接加–s ：handkerchiefs /handkerchieves(手帕)，scarfs/scarves(围巾)。
(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。
如：sons–in–law(女婿), passers–by(过路人), story–tellers(讲故事的人), breakfasts(早餐), housewives(家庭主妇)。
2．常见单复数同形的名词。
如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, fruit, cattle, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works(工厂)等。
高考英语复习专题(共15个专题)
语法复习专题一-—名词一、考点聚焦1。
可数名词单、复数变化形式(1）规则变化.①单数名词词尾直接加—s。
如：boy — boys, pen — pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。
如：glass — glasses，box — boxes， watch — watches, brush — brushes.特例：stomach - stomaches.③以“辅音字母 + y"结尾的变“y”为“i"再加“-es”.如:baby - babies， lady - ladies， fly — flies.④以“o"结尾的多数加-es。
如：tomato —tomatoes，potato —potatoes， hero - heroes。
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o 结尾的词只加—s。
如：radio — radios, zoo — zoos， photo - photos，piano - pianos， kilo — kilos， tobacco - tobaccos.⑤以“f”或“fe"结尾的名词复数形式变“f"或“fe”为“v",之后再加-es。
如:wife - wives， life - lives, knife — knives， wolf— wolves， self — selves, leaf - leaves等.特例:handkerchief— handkerchiefs， roof - roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs， belief — beliefs, cliff —cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的.如：man - men, mouse — mice， foot — feet，woman — women, tooth — teeth， goose - geese， ox — oxen.特例：child - children。
超实用高考英语专题复习：专题 01 名词专题(含高考真题)
超实用高考英语专题复习：专题01 名词专题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【课前检测】(5mins)I.单句语法填空1.[2020 全国Ⅱ,70]1.Where is ________(Lucy) sweater? I can't see it.2.[2020全国I,64] The far side of the moon is of particular__________( interesting) to scientists because it hasa lot of deep craters(环形山)...3.[2020全国Ⅱ，61] Chinese New Year is a _________( celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.4.[2020北京,7]Now,lots of__________(country)and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.5.[2020浙江1月,63]A child born in the US today has________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.6.[2019 全国I,66]In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements , leading to a_________( believe) that populations are increasing.7.[2018 浙江11 月,64] One study showed that_______( woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.II.单句改错1.I failed to respond to their various question.2.The teachers often encourage us to make more friend in the school.3. She's getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.4.She likes shopping at the shoe's shop.5.The two thing that change your life are the people you meet and the books you read.一．定义：名词(Noun，简称n.)是表示人或事物名称的词，它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。
高考英语语法专题专题名词
1．2017·全国卷Ⅱ;69This development was only possible with the ________ introduce of electric-powered engines and lifts.答案：introduction 由空格前的定冠词the可知其后应接名词作介词with的宾语..2．2017·全国卷Ⅲ;66She is determined to carry on with her ________ educate.答案：education 形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语..由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education..3．2017·浙江高考;56 Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ carrot and was about to throw them away.答案：carrots 由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……；少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots..4．2016·全国卷Ⅱ;46Recent ________study show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.答案：studies 根据句子谓语动词show可知;主语应该是名词的复数形式..5．2016·全国卷Ⅰ;61Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires; Asia's biggest building; and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me; pandas are its top ________ attract.答案：attraction 根据空格前的形容词top可知应用名词;形容词常用作定语来修饰名词..6．2016·全国卷Ⅱ;42Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ achieve.答案：achievement 介词of后要用名词作宾语..a sense ofachievement “成就感”..7．2016·全国卷Ⅰ;69The nursery team switches him every few ________ day with his sister.答案：days few修饰可数名词复数;故答案为days..every few days “每隔几天”..8．2016·江苏高考;阅读CThe weather ________effect; both good and bad; are felt in many places.答案：effects 句子的谓语为are felt;由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects..9．2016·北京高考;阅读DThe college years are supposed to be a time for important ________grow in autonomy 自主性and the development of adult identity.答案：growth 形容词important用来修饰名词；根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列..10．2015·浙江高考;15One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ stressful is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案：stress 动词reduce后需用名词作宾语;stress “压力;紧张”;是不可数名词..句意：减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受..一、可数名词的数可数名词都有单数和复数之分..一名词复数的规则变化二名词复数的不规则变化二、不可数名词不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词;一般没有单复数之分..1．常考的不可数名词2．抽象名词具体化抽象名词在表示具体的概念时;可以与不定冠词连用;常见的和常考的有：3．物质名词的复数现象1有些物质名词用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物..paper纸—papers证件;论文custom风俗习惯—customs海关arm胳膊—arms武器;装备air空气—airs摆架子;装腔作势2有一些物质名词用复数形式;表示由大量该物质组成的事物..sand沙子—sands沙滩;沙漠water水—waters水域;水体time时间—times时代wood木头;木材—woods树林3有些物质名词用复数形式表示不同的种类;如food; wine;metal; fish; vegetable等..The wines of France are among the best in the world.三、名词的所有格1．有生命的名词;其所有格一般在名词后加-'s..his father's boss 他爸爸的老板2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s 表示其所有格..today's paper 今天的报纸England's shore 英国的海岸the car's design 这辆车的设计We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation.3．在某些习惯用语中;也需要加-'s所有格..for friendship's sake 为了友情at a stone's throw 一箭之远at one's finger's tip 手头上有at arm's length 保持距离；在伸手可及处at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷4．无生命的名词;借用of表示所属关系..the window of the room 这个房间的窗户5．如果一样东西为两个人共有;则只在后一个名词后加-'s;如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s..Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈共有;暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈不是共有;分别指两位妈妈6．双重所有格：“a/two/some ...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格;“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人;不能表示事物..a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Although these _______ measure are not effective forever; they are vital for now.答案：measures 根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断;主语应用复数形式measures..2．Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see; and often taste a wide variety of ________ apple.答案：apples a wide variety of “各种各样的”;修饰复数名词..句意：在苹果节人们可以看到;并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果..3．The __________ life of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.答案：lives 句子的谓语动词have finally been recorded是复数形式;由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语..4．It's still a useful and pleasant form of ________communicate.答案：communication 介词of之后要用名词; a form ofcommunication “一种沟通方式”..5. I had no ________ choose but to prepare for it; though.答案：choice 形容词no后面应跟名词..have no choice but to do sth. “除了……别无选择”;固定搭配..6．Some schools will have to make ________adjust in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案：adjustments 句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应;一些学校将做出调整..make adjustments是固定表达;意为“做出调整”..7．There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ think and then let me know.答案：thought 句意：现在没必要告诉我你的答案..认真考虑;然后告诉我..some后应跟名词;t hought “思索;考虑”..8．Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ child hungry stomach.答案：child's 此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”;空后是名词stomach;提示词是child;空前是不定冠词a;故用child的所有格形式..9．When he was running after his brother; the boy lost his ________ balanced and had a bad fall.答案：balance 句意：小男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡;重重地摔了一跤..根据空格前的动词lost和物主代词his可知需用名词作宾语..lose one's balance “失去平衡”..10．—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one—That's a good ________ suggest.答案：suggestion 句意：——如果你的钱不够买一辆新车;为什么不先买一辆二手车呢——这是个好建议..由常识可知形容词修饰名词;故good后应用suggest的名词形式suggestion..Ⅱ.单句改错1．“Reading for pleasure” plays a more important role in one's grow than one's family background._____________________________________________________答案：grow→growth考查词性转换..由后文的one's family background可知前面的one's后应是名词growth..2. As a witness; he gave the police a vivid descriptions of the accident._____________________________________________________答案：descriptions→description考查名词..description “描述;描写”;give sb. a description为固定短语;意为“向某人作描述”..3．You can't legally take possessions of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed._____________________________________________________答案：possessions→possession考查固定短语..take possession of “拥有;占有”;固定搭配..4. The students with hobbies left school with many extra skill.____________________________________________________答案：skill→skills考查名词的数..由many修饰可数名词复数可知应用skills..5．Several friends of me together with me will visit our headmaster.____________________________________________________答案：第一个me→mine考查双重所有格..此处表示“我的几个朋友”;应用“n.＋of＋名词性物主代词”结构..Ⅲ.语法填空I've dreamed of becoming a writer since I was a teenager. But it isn't easy to get a book of __1__ I published. Although I've tried hard; none of my __2__ book have been published. This is really __3__ upset．This morning; I received a call from a publisher and __4__tell once again that there was no way my book would be published. __5__ feel sad; I left home and went to the park near my apartment. At the park; I sat down on the bench near the grass.While I was sitting there; I saw a little boy about one and a half years old. He was running on the grass; __6__ his mother not far behind him. He looked so happy when he enjoyed the__7__ free of running on the grass. He then fell on the grass; but he quickly got up and continued to run as fast __8__he could again even without looking back at his mother. He was still running with a smile on his face; as if nothing__9__ happen．Seeing that; I was __10__true inspired. I suddenly realized that Ishouldn't get discouraged after experiencing failure. Instead;I should cheer up and keep on trying.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9．________ 10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文..文章主要讲述了作者在公园里看到一个一岁半左右的男孩在草地上摔倒后并没有向妈妈求助而是自己迅速爬起来继续奔跑这一情景;从而受到启发：人生遇到挫折不能气馁;而是要振作起来;继续努力奋斗..1．mine 考查双重所有格..由设空前的“a book of”可知;应填名词性物主代词;且此处表示“我的一本书”;故填mine..2．books 考查名词的数..根据主谓一致原则;none of后可接不可数名词;也可接可数名词复数形式;book为可数名词;故应填books..3．upsetting 考查词性转换..副词really修饰形容词;this指的是上句中所述没有一本书被发表这件事;由此可知此处应用形容词upsetting作表语..4．was told 考查动词的语态和时态..句意：我被再一次告知我的书不可能出版..句子的主语I与谓语是被动关系;因此需用被动语态;且由“this morning”可知;应用一般过去时的被动语态..5．Feeling 考查非谓语动词..feel sad的逻辑主语是句子的主语I;是主动关系;因此需用现在分词的一般式作状语;表示原因..Feeling sad相当于As I felt sad..6．with 考查介词..with的复合结构作伴随状语..7．freedom 考查词性转换..根据空格前的定冠词the以及空格后的介词短语of running on the grass可知应用名词;即在草地上奔跑的自由..8．as 考查连词..as fast as he could “尽可能快地”;as ... as 为固定结构..9．had happened 考查动词的时态..句意：摔倒之后他飞快地爬起来;依然面带笑容地奔跑着;好像什么事也没有发生似的..根据语境可知;as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的内容是对过去的情况的假设;因此需用虚拟语气..10．truly 考查词性转换..句意：看到此情此景;我真的受到启发..副词作状语修饰谓语动词was inspired..Ⅳ.短文改错Dear Peter;I'm glad to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.First; it is important to take a Chinese course; so in this wayyou can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then; it also helped to watch TV and read books; newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it possible. Besides; it is good ideato learn and sing Chinese songs; because by doing so you'll learnand rememberChinese words more easier. You can also make more Chinese friends; from which you will learn a lot about China. They can helpyou learning Chinese; too. We hope that my suggestions will beof help to you.Best wishes.Yours;Li Hua 答案：Dear Peter;I'm glad to give you some 错误! on how to learn Chinese well. Here 错误! a few suggestions.First; it is important to take a Chinese course; 错误! in this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then; it also 错误! to watch TV and read books; newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever 错误! it 错误! possible. Besides; it is 错误! good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs; because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more 错误!. You can also make more Chinese friends; from 错误!you will learn a lot about China. They can help you 错误! Chinese; too. 错误! hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.Best wishes.Yours;LiHua1.advices→advice考查不可数名词..advice是不可数名词;没有复数形式..2.is→are考查主谓一致..主语suggestions是复数形式;谓语动词也应该用复数..3.so→because考查连词..后一分句表示的“能够向老师学习和同学之间练习汉语”是原因;而非结果..4.helped→helps考查动词的时态..本句进一步描述报读一门汉语课程的好处;应用一般现在时..5.去掉whenever后的it或在it后加is 考查省略..whenever it is possible的省略形式为whenever possible..6.good idea前加a 考查名词的数..idea是可数名词..7.easier→easily考查副词..修饰谓语动词learn and remember应用副词..8.which→whom考查关系代词..定语从句的先行词Chinese friends 是指人的名词短语;且关系词在从句中作宾语;故关系代词应用whom..9.learning→learn考查非谓语动词..help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”..10.We→I考查人称代词..根据短文开头I'm glad to give you some ... 可知;应将We改为I..。
高考英语复习 语法专题精讲精练 名词和主谓一致(含练习习题及解析)
高考英语复习语法专题精讲精练名词和主谓一致（含练习习题及解析）（一）分类（二）转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换物质名词与个体名词的相互转换可数名词有单数和复数的变化，而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
名词考点聚焦名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。
综合近几年高考对名词的考查，单项填空题中，每年都出现1—2道题。
此外，在阅读理解和完形填空中，名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。
因此，在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。
①We always keep ______ spare paper, in case we ran out.A. too muchB. a number ofC. plenty ofD. a good many【解析】 答案为C 。
“paper”作为“纸”解释时为不可数名词，所以先排除B 和D 两个选项。
根据题意“我们总是准备充足的备用纸张，以防用光。
”选择答案C 。
too much 意为“太多”尽管修饰不可数名词，但用在这儿不符合题意。
②The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.A. many ofB. masses ofC. the number ofD. a large amount of【解析】答案为B。
【解析】答案为masses of 意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；the number of…意为“……的数量”；a large amount of意为“大量的”后接不可数名词；“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意为“……中的许多”。
一是考查语义方面的辨析：主要考查某些多义词在特定上下文中的引申含义,以及准确辨别一些同义、近义词在特定语境中的差异的能力。
高考英语语法名词归纳总结
高考英语语法名词归纳总结一、单项选择名词1．He made an _______ to me for losing my book.A．apology B．ambition C．appearance D．alarm【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
句意：他为弄丢了我的书而向我道歉。
A. apology道歉；B. ambition抱负；C. appearance出现；D. alarm警报。
根据“for losing my book”可知，此处表示“向我道歉”，故A项正确。
2．On November 11, Alibaba sold more than 210 billion yuan ___________ goods on its e-commerce platforms and TMall, making headlines all over the world.A．sum of B．value forC．worth of D．profit for【答案】C【解析】【详解】考名词短语辨析。
A. sum of……的总和；B. value for物有所值（多形容质量）；C. worth of 值……的价值（多用于实际价值）；D. profit for利润为。
句意：11月11日，阿里巴巴在其电子商务平台淘宝和天猫上销售了价值2100多亿元的商品，成为全世界的头条新闻。
3．As for your ________ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.A．composition B．compromise C．complaint D．concept【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。
高考英语语法专题练：名词(含解析)
名词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Unfortunately，deep worry began to destroy my ______________ (confident) gradually.2．Hearing of Alan’s death，I thought，“What a complete ______________(fail)！”3．It’s really my ______________(please) to have told you something about this old city.4．He pushed and pulled with all his______________ (strong) to move the heavy stone.5．Port man’s educational background has influenced one of her ______________(project)．6．I have a strong ______________(believe) that one day students can buy these tickets，too.7．Girls are luckier than boys; they have more flexible ______________(choose) than boys.8．Tea only made its way to England in large ______________(quantity) in the first years of the 17th century. 9．He asked ______________(permit) to introduce his friend，whose name was Mr White.10．And after ______________(graduate) in 2018，she went to the USA for further education.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11．A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa last Friday，causing four death.12．After all，helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy and happy.13．Before long，I could speak English well and I also made great progresses in my written English. 14．We couldn’t find a hotel because there were quite a lot of tourist in this old city.15．In the rush hour，there were so many cars and bus on the road，so I was stuck.16．In the end，she decided to see the wise man in this village to ask for some advices.17．The girl told me that she had never read the famous writer novel but she had heard of the name. 18．After that we’ll have some funs together，singing，dancing and playing games.19．After a ten minutes walk，these people arrived at the famous village.20．He gave me all the encouragements I needed to be able to carry on.答案解析Ⅰ.1.confidence 2.failure 3.pleasure 4.strength 5.projects 6.belief7.choices8.quantities9.permission 10.graduationⅡ.11.A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa last Friday，causing four death deaths.12．After all，helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy andhappy happiness.13．Before long，I could speak English well and I also made great progressesprogress in my written English.14．We couldn’t find a hotel because there were quite a lot of touristtourists in this old city.15．In the rush hour，there were so many cars andbusbuses on the road，so I was stuck.16．In the end，she decided to see the wise man in this village to ask for some advices advice.17．The girl told me that she had never read the famouswriterwriter’s novel but she had heard of the name.18．After that we’ll have some funsfun together，singing，dancing and playing games.19．After a ten minutesminutes’walk，these people arrived at the famous village.20．He gave me all the encouragementsencouragement I needed to be able to carry on.。
高考英语必考语法精讲精练专题一：名词 Word版含解析
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题一：名词名词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考内容之一。
《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词考查列了四项：①可数名词及其单复数②不可数名词③专有名词④名词所有格。
纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：可数名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、名词的功能、名词辨义、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出painting，结合题意要将其变成paintings；第77题（短文改错）考查的是不可数名词air，原文给出的是airs，要求考生将其改成air。
而在完形填空中，有7题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查的是词性转换，括号里给出的是动词attract，根据题意要将其改成名词attraction；第69题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出day，结合题意要将其变成复数形式days；第74题考查的是词性转换，题目中给的是形容词honest，根据题意需要将其改为名词honesty。
而在完形填空中，有4题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出effect，结合题意要将其变成effects，构成side effects（副作用）；第75题（短文改错）考查的是可数名词单复数，原句中给出的是word，结合题意要将其变成words。
而在完形填空中，有5题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
1. 规则可数名词的复数形式：一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法列表如下：III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加’s 构成，多表示有生命的东西；二是由介词of加名词构成，多表示无生命的东西；三是双重所有格。
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语法部分第二部分语法专题讲析专题一名词考点一名词的固定搭配①[2016 ·天津 ]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。
②[2015 ·江苏 ]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。
1．动词 have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put 等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好的名声have an idea of了解have a sense of有⋯⋯意识have a feeling of有⋯⋯感觉have access to可以获得have an advantage over胜过，优于keep a balance保持平衡take...into account考虑⋯⋯take advantage of利用；趁⋯⋯之机make fun of 取笑，嘲弄make the best of充分利用；妥善处理get/lose contact with与⋯⋯取得 /失去联系get relief 得到缓解give a solution 给出解决方案put...into practice将⋯⋯付诸行动2．介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand需求量很大in quantity 大量，大批in progress在进行中in production 在产量方面out of one's reach某人够不到out of touch 失去联系out of sight 看不见beyond recognition辨认不出来without permission 未经允许考点二名词的单复数①[2015 ·江苏 ] —Go and say sorry to your Mom， Dave.—I'd like to ， but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my apology/apologies.——戴夫，去向你妈妈道歉。
——我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉并不会感到满意。
②L eaves turn green in spring.春天树叶变绿了。
1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则一般情况加－ s，以 s，x，sh，ch 等结尾，加－ es，例如：buses，boxes，dishes，watches等(stomachs例外 )。
(1)以辅音字母加－ y 结尾的名词，将－ y 变为－ i 再加－ es，例如： families ，butterflies，dictionaries，stories等。
(2)以－ o 结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加－s，但中学英语中下列名词要加－ es，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即 Negroes，heroes，echoes，．．．．．．．．．．．potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以－ o 结尾的名词既可以加－ es，也可以加－ s，它们是：zeros(zeroes) 零， mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子， volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
(3)以－ f 或－ fe 结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加－s，例如： roofs 和believes 等。
但下列以－ f 或－ fe 结尾的名词需要把 f 或 fe 去掉，加－ ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成．．．．．．．．．．．．．．两半，即 selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
．但下列以－ f 结尾的名词既可以去掉 f 加－ ves，也可以直接加－s，它们是：handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕， scarfs (scarves)围巾。
(4)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。
如：sons－in－ law 女婿； passers－ by 过路人； story－tellers 讲故事的人； breakfasts早餐； housewives家庭主妇。
2．常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人； Japanese日本人； sheep绵羊； deer 鹿； series系列；means 方式； works 工厂； fish 鱼； fruit 水果； crossroads十字路口； horsepower 马力；jin 斤等。
其中fish，fruit 表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes， fruits。
2018 高考一轮总复习教师用书·英语第二部分语法专题讲析考点三抽象名词具体化①[2014·辽宁 ]Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②— The hero bus driver in Hangzhou died yesterday.—Yes，news came as a shock to me.——杭州英雄司机昨天去世了。
——是的，这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情。
考点总结单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success 成功成功的人或事pleasure 乐趣令人高兴的事attraction 吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty 美；美丽美丽的人或美好的事物comfort 安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger 危险危险的人或因素delight 高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情◆名词与语法填空在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词类变换。
[典题试做 1]用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1．[2016 ·全国Ⅰ ]But for tourists like me ，pandas are its top ________(attract)．2．[2016 ·全国Ⅰ ]The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed...3．[2016 ·全国Ⅱ ]Then， handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve)．4．[2016 ·全国Ⅱ ]Recent ________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.5．[2016 ·四川 ]Any smell might attract natural ________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.答案：4．studies[应对策略 1]首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词的构词法，即有关名词的词类转换。
这就要求考生要搞清楚名词在句中作什么成分，近几年常考名词作主语、宾语、表语的情况。
◆名词与短文改错短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格。
汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数变化，而是通过在其前加数词或量词等方式来表示。
而英语则不同，除了在名词前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须用其名词复数形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。
其次名词的考查还会涉及词性转换方面的错误。
[典题试做 2]单句改错 (每小题 1 处错误 )1．[2016 ·全国Ⅰ ]My uncle tells me that the key to his success is2．[2016 ·全国Ⅱ ]If we go on a trip abroad ，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from3．[2016 ·全国Ⅲ ]The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for4．[2016 ·四川 ]Mom has a full－ time job，but she has to do most ofthe 答案：→honesty →knowledge3．year → years → housework[应对策略 2]遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。
此外，还要注意名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的错误。
◆书面表达中名词易错点聚焦1．写作中对于复数名词易疏漏－s 或－ es，如：(误 )I'd love to make friend with you.(误 )All the picture displayed are of geat value.2．部分名词的复数变化错误，如：familys ，knifes，difficultys ，pianoes，heros，woman doctors， tooths，childrens，medias。
3．部分词性易混作名词，如：形容词误作名动词误作名词词动词名词形容词名词succeed success honest honestyaffect effect healthy health4.可数与不可数名词混淆。
如：不可数可数take action take measuressome advice sometake exercisesuggestions eye exercisesmake progressinformationⅠ.单句语法填空1．[2017 ·广东汕头二模 ]Without the proper treatment，minor________(injury) or burns could lead to more suffering and even loss of lives.2 ． [2017 ·山东青岛一模 ]They were the kind that I did not have inmy________(collect) so I placed them carefully in my bag.3．[2017 ·山东烟台 3 月诊断 ]Three months later，Zejd was able to communicate happily with all his classmates about regular things like homework and________(game)．4． [2017 ·江苏泰兴质检 ]For sustainable development， the government has decided to give________(prefer) to those energy－ conserving and environment－friendly businesses in many aspects.5．[2017 ·江苏运河中学一调 ]— Mr Wang is a man of few words ，but quickin mind.—A still tongue makes a wise________，you know.答案：解析：句意：如果得不到妥善治疗，轻伤或轻度烧伤可能会导致更大的痛苦甚至死亡。