introduction to western civilization
西方文明源头英语作文
西方文明源头英语作文Title: The Origins of Western Civilization: Tracing the Roots through English。
Introduction。
Western civilization stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of human progress and innovation. At its core lies the English language, a linguistic tapestry woven from diverse historical threads. Exploring the origins of Western civilization through the lens of English unveils a rich narrative of cultural exchange, conquest, and evolution.The Anglo-Saxon Foundation。
To understand the origins of Western civilization, we must journey back to the shores of ancient Britannia. The Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic tribe, arrived in the BritishIsles around the 5th century AD, bringing with them theirlanguage, Old English. This fusion of Germanic tongues laid the groundwork for the development of English, infusing it with a robust vocabulary and grammatical structure.The Influence of Latin。
西方文化导论
Western Culture: An Introduction（西方文化导论）Chapter 1 Culture in Ancient Greece （古希腊文化）1.Cradle of western civilization （西方文明的摇篮）---Ancient Greek“We are all Greeks.”------Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西·比希·雪莱)When Shelley said “We are all Greeks”, he is expressing his buy-in（认同）to the then current belief that European culture could trace its roots back （追根溯源于）to the Greek ideals and customs. This would include everything: architecture, education, medicine, our basic myths and memes, government, etc.2.Phases of development )（发展阶段）Delphi 特尔斐(希腊古都)Three Ages:ca.3000-1200 BC, the Heroic Age（英雄时代）(ca. 1200-750 BC), the Greek City-State （希腊城邦）and the Persian Wars（波斯战争）(ca. 750-480 BC), the Golden Age （黄金时代）(Ca. 480-430 BC).Bronze Age Civilizations of the Aegean (ca. 3000-1200 BC):1.1Minoan[miˈnəuən] civilization 克里特文明flourished between 2000-1400 BC, when itseems to be absorbed or destroyed by the Mycenaeans.The most famous of the leg ends of Minoan culture is Minotaur [ˈmaɪnətɔ:(r)] 人身牛头怪/弥诺陶洛斯, a being “part man and part bull”.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?In Florence 佛罗伦萨（意大利都市名）and Venice()意大利港市.1.2Mycenae[maiˈsi:ni:]迈锡尼/Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] culture (ca. 1600-1200).By 1600 BC, the Mycenaeans had established themselves in the Aegean（爱琴海）.Around 1200 BC, the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a commercial stronghold on the northwest coast of Asia Minor小亚细亚半岛. The ten-year-long war between Mycenae and Troy would provide the historical context for the Iliad [ˈɪliəd] （伊利亚特）and the Odyssey [ˈɒdəsi]（奥赛德）. ------ Homer（荷马）, the blind Greek poetTrojan war (特洛伊战争)------ Penelope’s web 珀涅罗珀的织物；故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作1.2.1The Heroic Age (ca. 1200-750 BC): after 1200 BC, more powerful, iron-bearing tribes of Dorians (多利亚人约于前1200-1000年间从巴尔干半岛北部迁入希腊，后来建立了斯巴达（Sparta）、科林斯（Corinth）、阿尔戈斯（Argos）等城邦，更多时候是作为入侵者和征服者被看待，荷马认为其野蛮黑暗), a Greek-speaking people from the north, destroyed Mycenaean civilization.Peloponnesian Wars 伯罗奔尼撒战争(431-404 BC)between Athens(雅典) and Sparta(斯巴达)；Years of internal wars weakened the once powerful Greek city-states of Sparta, Athens, Thebes（底比斯）, and Corinth（科林斯）. Philip II of Macedonia （马其顿）(northern Greece) rose to power and, in 338 BC, he rode south and conquered the cities of Thebes and Athens, uniting most of Greece under his rule. Upon Philip II ‘s death, his son, Alexander the Great（亚历山大大帝）, took control and proceeded to conquer all of the lands between Greece and India including Egypt.After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonia was defeated by Roma（罗马）at the Battleof Cynoscephalae（基诺斯山战役）in 197 BC and then again at the Battle of Pydna（皮德纳战役）in 168 BC. The Greeks were finally defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely destroyed and plundered（掠夺）the city of Corinth as an example to other Greek cities.1.2.2The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars (ca. 750-480 BC)In 490 BC, Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役In 480 BC, Battle of the Hot Gates and Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战Persian Wars(希波战争): Herodotus 希罗多德(ca. 485-425 BC), the father of history 历史之父。
英语作文西方文化
英语作文西方文化Western culture, often referred to as Western civilization, is a term used to describe the cultural, economic, and political values and practices of the people from the Western world. The Western world, also known as the Western hemisphere, includes Europe, the Americas, and Oceania. Western culture has had a significant impact on the world, influencing everything from art and literature to technology and politics.One of the defining features of Western culture is its emphasis on individualism. In Western societies,individuals are encouraged to pursue their own goals and ambitions, and to express their unique identities. This focus on individualism has led to the development of a wide range of artistic and intellectual movements, from the Renaissance to modernism and postmodernism.Another important aspect of Western culture is its commitment to democracy and the rule of law. Westernsocieties have a long tradition of valuing freedom and equality, and have developed political systems that are designed to protect the rights of individuals. The democratic ideals of Western culture have spread around the world, influencing the development of political systems in many other countries.Western culture has also made significant contributions to the fields of science and technology. The Western world has been at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation for centuries, leading to major advancements in medicine, engineering, and communication. The impact of Western science and technology can be seen in everything from the development of the internet to the exploration of space.In addition to these broader cultural and intellectual achievements, Western culture has also had a profound impact on the arts. Western literature, music, and visual arts have had a major influence on global culture, shaping the way people around the world think and express themselves. From Shakespeare to the Beatles to Picasso,Western artists and writers have created works that continue to be celebrated and studied by people from all cultures.Of course, Western culture is not without its critics. Some argue that the emphasis on individualism can lead to selfishness and isolation, while others believe that the spread of Western values has led to the erosion of traditional cultures in other parts of the world. These criticisms are important to consider, as they highlight the complexities and challenges of cultural exchange and globalization.In conclusion, Western culture is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has had a profound impact on the world. Its emphasis on individualism, democracy, and technological innovation has shaped the way people around the world live, think, and create. While it is important to critically examine the influence of Western culture, it is also clear that its contributions to the arts, sciences, and politics have enriched the lives of people everywhere.。
关于西方文化英语作文
关于西方文化英语作文Western Culture。
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, is the heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe. The term also applies beyond Europe to countries and cultures whose histories are strongly connected to Europe by immigration, colonization, or influence. For example, Western culture includes countries in the Americas and Australasia, whose language and demographic ethnicity majorities are of European descent. Western culture is characterized by a host of artistic, philosophic, literary, and legal themes and traditions; the heritage of Greek, Roman, Jewish, and Christian cultures; as well as the Enlightenment, with its ideals of individual freedom, democracy, and rationalism.One of the most important aspects of Western culture isits emphasis on individualism. Western societies tend to place a high value on individual rights, freedoms, and achievements. This can be seen in the emphasis on personal success and self-expression in Western art, literature, and popular culture. In Western countries, individuals are encouraged to pursue their own goals and dreams, and to express themselves in unique and creative ways.Another key aspect of Western culture is its commitment to democracy and the rule of law. Western societies have developed systems of government that are based on the principles of individual rights, equality before the law, and the consent of the governed. This has led to the establishment of democratic institutions and the rule of law in many Western countries, which are designed toprotect the rights and freedoms of individuals and to ensure that power is exercised responsibly and accountably.Western culture also places a high value on education and the pursuit of knowledge. This can be seen in the emphasis on scientific inquiry, critical thinking, and intellectual curiosity in Western academic institutions.Western societies have a long tradition of supporting and promoting education, and many of the world's leading universities and research institutions are located in Western countries.In addition, Western culture has had a significant impact on the development of global capitalism and consumerism. Western countries have been at the forefront of the development and spread of capitalist economic systems, which emphasize free markets, private property, and individual entrepreneurship. This has led to the creation of a global economy that is driven by consumer demand and the pursuit of profit, and has had far-reaching effects on the cultures and economies of countries around the world.However, it is important to recognize that Western culture is not monolithic, and that it encompasses a wide range of diverse traditions, beliefs, and practices. Western societies are home to a rich tapestry of cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity, and there is no single "Western culture" that can be easily defined orcharacterized. It is important to approach the study of Western culture with an open mind and a willingness to engage with its complexities and contradictions.In conclusion, Western culture is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has had a profound impact on the world. Its emphasis on individualism, democracy, education, and capitalism has shaped the values and institutions of many societies, and its influence can be seen in the arts, literature, and popular culture of countries around the globe. However, it is important to approach the study of Western culture with a critical and open-minded perspective, and to recognize the diversity and complexity of its traditions and practices.。
西方文明史感悟英文作文
西方文明史感悟英文作文英文：When I look back on the history of Western civilization, I can't help but feel a sense of awe and wonder. Thejourney of Western civilization has been filled with triumphs and tribulations, and it has shaped the world in countless ways. From the ancient Greeks and Romans to the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, the story of Western civilization is one of innovation, progress, and thepursuit of knowledge.One of the most striking aspects of Westerncivilization is its ability to adapt and evolve over time. For example, during the Renaissance, there was a renewed interest in art, literature, and science, which led to a period of great cultural and intellectual growth. This period of rebirth and rejuvenation laid the foundation for many of the ideas and values that we hold dear today.Another key characteristic of Western civilization is its commitment to individualism and freedom. Throughout history, the Western world has been a beacon of liberty and democracy, championing the rights of the individual and the importance of personal autonomy. This commitment to individualism has led to the development of diverse and vibrant societies, where people are free to express themselves and pursue their own dreams and aspirations.However, it's also important to acknowledge the darker moments in the history of Western civilization. The legacy of colonialism, imperialism, and slavery has left a lasting impact on the world, and it's a reminder that progress often comes with a cost. It's crucial to confront and learn from the mistakes of the past in order to build a better future for all.In conclusion, the history of Western civilization is a complex tapestry of triumphs and challenges, and it continues to shape the world in profound ways. By embracing the lessons of the past and striving for a more just and equitable future, we can ensure that the legacy of Westerncivilization is one of progress and enlightenment.中文：当我回顾西方文明史时，我不禁感到敬畏和惊叹。
孤独的阅读者 西方文明简史英文精读
孤独的阅读者西方文明简史英文精读全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Lonely Reader: A Brief History of Western CivilizationIntroductionReading has always been a solitary activity, requiring the reader to immerse themselves in the world of the written word. In this essay, we will delve into the history of Western civilization through the lens of a lonely reader, exploring how the act of reading has shaped and defined the course of history.Ancient Greece and RomeThe roots of Western civilization can be traced back to the ancient city-states of Greece and the Roman Republic. In these early civilizations, reading was a privilege reserved for the educated elite, who spent their days poring over scrolls and manuscripts in quiet libraries. The great thinkers of the time, such as Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero, were all avid readers who used their knowledge to shape the course of history.The Middle AgesWith the fall of the Roman Empire, Western civilization entered a period of upheaval known as the Dark Ages. During this time, reading became even more of a solitary pursuit, as monks and scholars preserved the knowledge of the ancient world in the quiet seclusion of monasteries. It was during this time that the written word took on a new significance, with the Bible becoming the central text of Western civilization.The RenaissanceThe Renaissance was a period of rebirth and renewal in Western civilization, characterized by a renewed interest in the arts, sciences, and literature. It was during this time that the printing press was invented, making books more accessible to the general population. The act of reading became less solitary, as people gathered in coffeehouses and salons to discuss the latest works of literature and philosophy.The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment was a period of intellectual and philosophical growth in Western civilization, characterized by a renewed focus on reason, science, and individual rights. It was during this time that the modern concept of the solitary reader emerged, as individuals retreated to their studies and libraries to engage with the latest works of literature and philosophy. Thegreat thinkers of the Enlightenment, such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Kant, were all avid readers who used their knowledge to challenge the status quo and shape the course of history.The Modern EraIn the modern era, the act of reading has become more accessible than ever before, thanks to the advent of e-books, audiobooks, and online libraries. However, the solitary reader still remains a prominent figure in Western civilization, as individuals continue to seek solace and enlightenment in the pages of a good book. Whether it be a classic work of literature, a scientific treatise, or a philosophical manifesto, the act of reading continues to shape and define the course of history.ConclusionIn conclusion, the history of Western civilization is inextricably linked to the act of reading. From the scrolls of ancient Greece to the e-books of the modern era, the solitary reader has played a pivotal role in shaping the course of history. As we continue to navigate the complexities of the modern world, let us not forget the power of the written word and the transformative impact it can have on our lives.篇2The Lonely Reader: A Brief History of Western CivilizationIntroductionIn the bustling world of today, where technology and social media dominate our lives, finding solitude and quietness is becoming increasingly rare. However, for the avid reader, the solitude of a good book can provide comfort and escape from the noise of the world. In this article, we will delve into the world of the lonely reader and explore the history of Western civilization through the lens of literature.The Solitude of ReadingReading is often seen as a solitary activity, one that allows the reader to escape into the world of the book and immerse themselves in the characters and narrative. The act of reading allows for introspection and reflection, providing a chance to disconnect from the demands of everyday life. For many readers, the experience of reading is a deeply personal one, a journey into the imagination that can be both comforting and cathartic.The Lonely ReaderThe lonely reader is someone who seeks solace in the pages of a book, finding companionship in the words of an author. The lonely reader may be someone who is introverted or shy, whofinds it easier to connect with fictional characters than with real people. For the lonely reader, books can serve as a form of therapy, offering a way to explore emotions and experiences that may be difficult to express in other ways.Western Civilization Through LiteratureLiterature has played a crucial role in shaping Western civilization, reflecting the values, beliefs, and aspirations of societies throughout history. From the ancient epics of Homer to the modern novels of Jane Austen, literature has provided a window into the past and a mirror to the present. By studying the great works of Western literature, we can gain insights into the complexities of human nature and the challenges of the human experience.From the Greek tragedians to Shakespeare, from the Romantic poets to the modernists, Western literature has explored themes of love, loss, ambition, and redemption. Through the words of great authors, we can track the evolution of Western civilization, from the glory of ancient Greece to the upheavals of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. By immersing ourselves in the worlds of Tolstoy, Dickens, and Woolf, we can gain a deeper understanding of the joys and sorrows of the human condition.ConclusionIn conclusion, the lonely reader is someone who finds refuge and solace in the pages of a book, seeking connection and understanding in the world of literature. By exploring the history of Western civilization through the lens of literature, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the power and beauty of the written word. So, the next time you find yourself alone with a book, remember that you are not truly alone – you are in the company of some of the greatest minds and imaginations in history. Happy reading!篇3The Lonely Reader: A Summary of "A Brief History of Western Civilization"IntroductionIn "A Brief History of Western Civilization," the author traces the development of Western civilization from ancient Greece to the present day, highlighting key events, ideas, and individuals that shaped the course of history. As a lonely reader delves into this comprehensive overview of Western civilization, they are taken on a journey through time, exploring the triumphs and challenges of the Western world.Ancient Greece and RomeThe story begins in ancient Greece, where democracy, philosophy, and the arts flourished. The lonely reader learns about the great thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, whose ideas continue to influence Western thought to this day. They also delve into the world of ancient Rome, with its powerful emperors and vast empire, which laid the foundation for the spread of Western civilization.The Middle AgesMoving on to the Middle Ages, the reader discovers the rise of Christianity and the power of the Catholic Church, which played a central role in shaping European society. They learn about the feudal system, the Crusades, and the Black Death, which had a profound impact on the development of Western civilization.The RenaissanceThe Renaissance marks a period of rebirth and cultural flourishing in Western Europe. The lonely reader explores the works of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and other great artists of the time, as well as the scientific advancements of figures such as Galileo and Copernicus. The Renaissance was a time of greatinnovation and creativity, laying the groundwork for the modern world.The Age of ExplorationThe lonely reader then embarks on a journey of exploration and discovery, as European powers set out to colonize new territories around the globe. They learn about the voyages of Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan, as well as the impact of colonization on indigenous peoples and cultures.The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment was a period of intellectual ferment in Western Europe, as thinkers challenged traditional beliefs and championed reason, science, and human rights. The lonely reader explores the works of Enlightenment philosophers such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, who laid the foundation for modern democracy and individual freedom.The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution transformed Western society, as new technologies and modes of production revolutionized the economy and society. The lonely reader learns about theinventions of the steam engine, the rise of industrial capitalism, and the social upheaval that accompanied these changes.The World WarsThe 20th century saw the rise of two devastating world wars, which had a profound impact on Western civilization. The lonely reader explores the causes and consequences of these conflicts, as well as the emergence of the Cold War and the challenges of the post-war world.ConclusionAs the lonely reader reaches the end of "A Brief History of Western Civilization," they gain a deeper understanding of the forces that have shaped the Western world. From the ancient Greeks to the modern era, Western civilization has been shaped by a complex interplay of ideas, events, and individuals. By delving into this rich history, the lonely reader can better appreciate the achievements and challenges of the Western world and their own place within it.。
AN INTRODUCTION TO WESTERN__ CULTURE2
3.Movies DVD ＆TV Programs
You may watch TV / DVD, see films related to this course both in and out of class. They are quite helpful for your understanding of western culture.
II.THE LANDS AND SETTLEMENT OF ANCIENT GREECE
雅典
III. The early period of Greek civilization
1)the Neolithic(2600-2000BC) 2600A. Cretan Civilization 2)Minos (2000-1600BC) (20003)Minoan Dynasty(1600-1125BC) (ct
Many aspects of western culture, such as educational systems, public institutions, ways of counseling and making decisions, spiritual pursuits and concerns for culture, are contributed to the influence of the classical period. Westerns’ rational way of thinking, Westerns’ practical spirit, respect for human values and inclination to research nature are obvious the results of classicist heritage.
西方文化简介英文版
An Introduction to Western Civilization/CultureWhat is civilization?The word civilization comes from the Latin civilis, meaning civil, related to the Latin civis, meaning citizen, and civitas, meaning city or city-state. Adjectives such as English "civility" developed from this origin.What is Culture?From the Latin cultura, from cultus, meaning to till (the land), to cultivate, to worship, the Latin origin indicates that our civilization and culture is not something new but something that has grown over time.The dictionary definition of culture is, “the arts, customs, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation.” Western culture is a mixture of “arts, customs, and habits” that have formed over a period of more than 2,000 years.All across Europe, in England, Germany, Italy, and Poland, we can find different civilizations and cultures, but they all come from shared origins, most characteristics of civilization and culture come from a combination of firstly, the civilization and culture of ancient Greece. This was incorporated in and further developed by the Greco-Romans, but as Rome was falling, Judeo Christian civilization further developed Western culture.The last major building block in Western Civilization and Culture came with the Germanic Franks in and around 300 – 400AD.In this course we will look at the development of the civilization and cultures into what can be called a Western heritage. Whilst Ancient Greece is usually considered the foundational civilization and culture of Europe, we will first have a brief look at the preceding civilization and cultures that gave the Greeks their start.The Origin of Greek CivilizationAround 3000 years before the greatest era of Greek history, civilizations flourished in the area of Mesopotamia (modern Iran and Iraq) and in Egypt. It was between 4000-3000 B.C., that the first cities appeared in the region around the great rivers the Tigris [‘taɪɡrɪs] and Euphrates [ju:ˈfreiti:z]. The first major advances of these civilizations were the use of the wheel.By 3000 B.C., Mesopotamian civilization had made contact with other civilization and cultures of what was known as the Fertile Crescent in the region. An extensive trade network connecting Mesopotamia with the rest of Ancient Western Asia then developed.The achievements of Mesopotamian civilization were numerous. Agriculture, thanks to the development of irrigation, became the main method of living. Farming further flourished after the invention of the plow.As agriculture became more productive, it allowed men to give up working the land and begin their own trades, for example, metalwork or pottery. Between 3000 and 2900 B.C. craft specialization and industries began to emerge which encouraged the growth of cities, all of this led to the first major civilizations of the region.The Sumerians, who inhabited southern Mesopotamia from 3000-2000 B.C., are thought to have been the first civilization and culture to develop non-pictographic (in picture form) writing. Originally, Sumerian writing was pictographic, that is, scribes drew pictures of representations of objects.This proved awkward and the characters were gradually simplified and gave way to conventional signs that represented ideas.The greatest achievement of Sumerian civilization was their cuneiform [ˈkju:nɪfɔ:m] (wedge-shaped) system of writing, using a reed stylus they made wedge-shaped impressions on wet clay tablets which were then put in the sun to dry. The most common cuneiform tablets record transactions of daily life; counts of cattle kept by herdsmen for their owners, production figures, lists of taxes, accounts, contracts and other parts of organizational life in the community.Another category of cuneiform writing included a large number of basic texts, which were used for the purpose of teaching future generations of scribes. By 2500 B.C. there were schools built just for this purpose, and the Sumerian cuneiform writing was to provide the model for the Greeks when they developed their own written language.Around 1780 B.C. the city of Babylon gained power over Mesopotamia through their ruler, Hammurabi. He was a very efficient ruler, giving the region stability after turbulent times, and transforming it into the central power of Mesopotamia.A great literary revival followed Babylonian independence. One of the most important works of this era of Babylon was the writing of the first known code of laws called the ‘Code of Hammurabi.’ It focused on theft, farming (or shepherding), property damage, women’s righ ts, marriage rights, children’s rights, slave rights, murder, death, and injury. The punishment is different for different classes of offenders and victims.The city of Babylon also features in the Judeo Christian tradition. A story in the Bible is used by Jews and Christians to explain the existence of many different languages and races in the world. According to the biblical book of Genesis 11, at Babylon, humanity began building a ‘Tower of Babel’ in order to reach heaven and gain access to heaven directly from earth without the need of God. To prevent the project from succeeding, God made all the workers speak different new languages so that they could no longer communicate with one another and the work could not proceed, after that time, the people moved away to different parts of Earth, and spoke the different languages they had been given by God.From this story, and the city of Babylon, comes the modern English word babble, or talk in a confusing way. It is also due to the Babylonians that we have 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour. The mathematicians of Babylonia devised a system of counting based on the number 60, from which we get the number of seconds in a minute and of minutes in an hour and the number of degrees (60×6=360) in a circle. Mesopotamia ceased to be a major power after the conquest by Alexander the Great around 400 B.C.While the Sumerians and other groups were busy creating a Mesopotamian civilization, another civilization had appeared to the west. This civilization depended entirely on geography; it was the fertile valley of the Nile River that allowed Egyptian civilization to flourish over the course of many centuries.The art and science of engineering was greatly developed in Egypt, with their skill in surveying allowing them to accurately determine the position of points and the distances between them. These skills were used to outline the bases of the best known images of Ancient Egypt, the pyramids. The first pyramids, built around 2900 B.C., were little more than mud-brick structures, but the greatest building achievements in Egypt were the great pyramids of Giza, built more than 4500 years ago.The early civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt certainly could build pyramids, irrigation canals and pottery wheels, and develop cuneiform writing. They are not, however, considered the foundation of civilization and culture of Europe. Although civilization developed in the fertile crescent of Mesopotamia, it was in the civilizations bordering the Mediterranean that Western civilization and culture was truly born. It is the civilization and culture of Ancient Greece that is today seen as being the origin of Western civilization and culture.Ancient Greece is considered by most historians to be the foundational civilization and culture of Western civilization. Ancient Greek civilization has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, art and architecture of the modern Western world.The period of Greek domination of the Mediterranean world lasted approximately 1,500 years from around 1600 BC until the coming of the Roman Empire, it should be noted, that we should not consider it to be one long uninterrupted rule, or that the Greeks were one group.The History of Greek CivilizationAegean Civilization3000-1450BC Minoan Civilization2000BC People from Mycenae went to Greece1600-1200BC Mycenae Civilization Ruled Greece1200-800BC Dark Period for Greece800-490BC The Archaic Period490-336BC The Classical Period336-30BC The Hellenistic Period146BC Greece was incorporated into RomeThe Rise and fall of Mycenaean PowerAt the height of its power, it was prosperous and active. They enlarged their cities, expanded their trade and sacked Troy. It was gone in 1100BC after the Troy War. The period from 1600 BC to about 1100 BC is known as Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] Greece after the major city of the period Mycenae.The age of Mycenae has given us the epic poem that has had a profound effect on the body of western literature and art. Transmitted to us through the Romans, the Renaissance and the following generations, this is the work of one author, the man who gave us the story about Troy.The period from which the story came, Mycenaean Greece, ended around 1100 BC, and the period from 1100 BC to around 800 BC is a ‘dark age’ of which little is known. In 800 BC Greece began to emerge from these Dark Ages, and at this time a written record begins to appear. This is the period most consider Classical Greece, but in those days there was no such political unit known as Greece. Greek geography, where every island, valley and plain is cut off from its neighbours by the sea or mountain ranges, dictated that Greece was divided into many small self-governing city communities.。
西方文明简史英文作文
西方文明简史英文作文The Western civilization has its roots in the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome, which laid the foundationfor many of the cultural and political systems we know today. The Greeks introduced the concept of democracy and the Romans expanded upon it, creating a more complex system of governance.The Middle Ages, a period of feudalism and religious dominance, saw the rise of the Catholic Church as a central authority. This era was marked by the construction of impressive cathedrals and the spread of Christianity across Europe.The Renaissance, a period of rebirth in arts and sciences, brought about a renewed interest in classical knowledge. This era produced great artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, whose works continue to inspire.The Age of Exploration led to the discovery of new lands and the expansion of European influence across the globe.This period also saw the rise of powerful nations like Spain and Portugal, which competed for control over new territories.The Enlightenment was a time of intellectual and philosophical development, where ideas about reason, science, and individual rights flourished. This period laid the groundwork for modern democratic principles and theseparation of church and state.The Industrial Revolution transformed the Western world with the advent of machinery and the shift from agrarian societies to industrial ones. This era brought about significant changes in the way people lived and worked.The 20th century was marked by two World Wars, which reshaped the political landscape and led to the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers. The century also saw the rise of new technologies and the spread of global communication.Today, Western civilization continues to evolve, embracing new ideas and technologies while grappling with global challenges such as climate change and economic inequality. Its history is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of human societies.。
西方文明的特点作文
西方文明的特点作文英文回答：Western civilization is characterized by several distinct features that have shaped its development and influenced the world at large. One of the key aspects of Western civilization is its emphasis on individualism. Western societies prioritize the rights and freedoms of the individual, valuing personal autonomy and self-expression. This can be seen in various aspects of Western culture, such as the emphasis on personal achievement and success, the promotion of individual rights and liberties, and the celebration of personal identity and diversity.Another defining characteristic of Western civilization is its commitment to democracy and the rule of law. Western societies have established democratic systems of governance that prioritize the participation and representation of the people. This includes the principles of equality before the law, the protection of individual rights and freedoms, andthe separation of powers. The rule of law ensures that all individuals, regardless of their social status or background, are subject to the same legal standards and are entitled to equal protection under the law.Furthermore, Western civilization is marked by its scientific and technological advancements. Western countries have been at the forefront of scientific research and technological innovation, leading to significant progress in various fields such as medicine, engineering, and communication. This has resulted in improved standards of living, increased life expectancy, and enhanced global connectivity. Western societies have also fostered aculture of innovation and entrepreneurship, encouraging individuals to pursue new ideas and inventions.In addition, Western civilization places a strong emphasis on education and intellectual pursuits. Western countries have established robust educational systems that prioritize critical thinking, creativity, and the pursuit of knowledge. This has led to the development of renowned universities and research institutions, attracting studentsand scholars from around the world. Western societies also value intellectual curiosity and encourage lifelong learning, fostering a culture of continuous personal and professional development.Overall, Western civilization is characterized by its emphasis on individualism, democracy, scientific advancements, and education. These features have not only shaped the development of Western societies but have also had a profound impact on the world at large.中文回答：西方文明的特点有几个明显的特征，这些特征塑造了它的发展并影响了整个世界。
西方的文化介绍英文作文
西方的文化介绍英文作文英文：Culture is a fascinating topic, and Western culture in particular has a lot to offer. As someone who has grown up in the West, I feel that there are many aspects of our culture that are worth sharing.One of the most prominent features of Western culture is individualism. We value personal autonomy and theability to make our own choices, even if they go against what others might expect of us. This is reflected in the way we dress, the music we listen to, and the careers we pursue. For example, in the United States, it is not uncommon for people to change careers multiple times throughout their lives, as they seek to find work that is fulfilling and meaningful to them.Another aspect of Western culture that I find interesting is our focus on innovation and progress. We arealways looking for new ways to improve our lives and the world around us, whether that means developing new technologies, exploring new frontiers, or pushing the boundaries of artistic expression. This drive for innovation is what has led to many of the great accomplishments of Western civilization, from the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution to the space race.Of course, Western culture is not without its flaws. One criticism that is often leveled against us is that we can be overly materialistic and consumerist, focusing too much on accumulating wealth and possessions rather than on building meaningful relationships and pursuing spiritual growth. This is something that I think we need to be mindful of, and work to address in our own lives and in our broader society.Overall, I believe that Western culture has a lot to offer, both in terms of its strengths and its weaknesses. By learning about and engaging with different cultures, we can broaden our perspectives and become more well-rounded individuals.中文：文化是一个迷人的话题，尤其是西方文化有很多值得分享的地方。
西方文明文化英文作文
西方文明文化英文作文Western civilization has a rich cultural heritage that spans thousands of years. From the ancient Greeks and Romans to the Renaissance and Enlightenment, Westernculture has been shaped by a diverse range of influences.The concept of individualism is a key aspect of Western culture. This emphasis on personal freedom and autonomy has had a profound impact on everything from politics and economics to art and literature.The Judeo-Christian tradition has also played a significant role in shaping Western culture. The values of compassion, forgiveness, and charity have had a lasting influence on Western society.The scientific revolution and the subsequent Age of Enlightenment have had a profound impact on Western culture. The emphasis on reason, empirical evidence, and the pursuit of knowledge has shaped the way Westerners view the worldand their place in it.The arts have long been a central part of Western culture. From the great works of Shakespeare and Michelangelo to the modern masterpieces of film and music, the arts continue to play a vital role in shaping Western culture.The concept of democracy and the rule of law are fundamental to Western culture. The idea that all individuals are equal before the law and have the right to participate in the political process is a cornerstone of Western society.The concept of human rights is another key aspect of Western culture. The belief in the inherent dignity and worth of every individual has led to the development of a wide range of rights and freedoms that are considered fundamental in Western societies.The legacy of colonialism and imperialism has also had a profound impact on Western culture. The interactionsbetween Western and non-Western cultures have led to the exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies that have shaped the modern world.The ongoing debates about multiculturalism anddiversity continue to shape Western culture. The increasing recognition of the contributions of different cultures and the importance of inclusivity are changing the way Westerners view themselves and the world around them.。
西方文明文化英语作文
西方文明文化英语作文Western civilization is known for its rich history and diverse cultural traditions. From the ancient Greeks to the Renaissance period, Western culture has produced some of the most influential art, literature, and philosophy in the world.One of the defining characteristics of Western civilization is its emphasis on individualism and personal freedom. This can be seen in the democratic ideals of ancient Greece and the Enlightenment values of liberty and equality.Western culture has also made significant contributions to science and technology. From the invention of the printing press to the development of modern medicine, Western civilization has been at the forefront of innovation and progress.The impact of Western culture can be seen in the spreadof democracy and human rights around the world. Many countries have adopted Western political systems and values in their quest for freedom and equality.Despite its many achievements, Western civilization has also faced criticism for its history of imperialism and colonization. The legacy of European expansion and exploitation continues to shape global politics and relationships to this day.Overall, Western civilization is a complex and multifaceted culture that has shaped the world in countless ways. Its influence can be seen in art, politics, science, and philosophy, making it a truly remarkable and enduring legacy.。
西洋文明史资料选读.doc
輔仁大學歷史學系碩士班99學年度第一學期課程大綱7. 文藝復興的人文主義（i. Petrarch, The Labours of a Humanist; ii.Leonardo Bruni, A Humanist Education; iii. P. D. Mirandola,Oration on the Dignity of Man）8. 宗教改革的主張（i. Martin Luther, Salvation through Faith Alone; ii.Martin Luther, The Ninety-Five Theses; iii. Martin Luther, OnChristian Liberty; iv. John Calvin, Institutes of the ChristianReligion）9. 科學革命的理念（i. Francis Bacon, Novum Organum; ii. FrancisBacon, The Advancement of Learning; iii. Rene Descartes,Discourse on Method）10. 啟蒙運動的思想（i. John Locke, An Essay concerning HumanUnderstanding; ii. Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws; iii.Immanuel Kant, What is Enlightenment）11. 啟蒙運動與現代化（i. Condorcet, The Progress of the HumanMind; ii. Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishment; iii. AdamSmith, The Wealth of Nations）12. 法國大革命的追求（i. John Locke, Second Treatise of CivilGovernment; ii. J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract; iii. TheDeclaration of the Rights of Man）13. 革命的挑戰與反省（i. Edmund Burke, Reflections on theRevolution in France; ii. J. S. Mill, On Liberty）14. 社會主義的方案（i. K. Marx & F. Engels, The CommunistManifesto; ii. Eduard Bernstein參考書目指定閱讀1. P. M. Rogers ed., Aspects of Western Civilization: Problems andSources in History, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1997. 2. D. R. Kelly, The Descent of Ideas: The History of Intellectual History,Burlington, V. T.: Ashgate, 2002.3.王世宗，《古代文明的開展——文化絕對價值的尋求》，台北：三民書局，2004年。
西方文明史大纲(修改版)
Introduction to Western Civilization1. Subject description and overviewThe subject provides the beginning students with an understanding of the history of Western civilization from pre-historic times to the 18c. It will emphasize the reading and discussion of influential incidents that have shaped the intellectual and cultural heritage of the Western World during its ancient, medieval and early modern periods.The subject will enable students to develop a better understanding of the history of the Western world, and learn to analyze critically some of the current Western issues from the historical perspective.The student will learn aspects of the development of Western cultural, political, religious and social processes from hominid evolution to the Early Modern period. Therefore, in class, the student will be encouraged to get involved in the following discussions∙Describe changes in thought as it relates to Western culture in this period∙Identify and discuss some of the major people, events and time periodsThe study of Western Civilization enables individuals to develop a better understanding of the western historical issues which affect the West and the world as a whole. The knowledge gained from this course in Western Civilization will be of lifelong value to the student. The influence of the subject on all areas of activity should stimulate the individual to continue reading and conducting research in detail concerning western civilization. It is recognised that students doing this subject may be drawn from different backgrounds and may hold different interests. Some may wish to study Western Civilization as preparation for further specialisation in the subject. Others may study the subject to complement other subject disciplines, such as, western literature, eastern civilization or the history of Chinese literature. Somestudents may see the subject as one worthy of study in its own right.2. Pre-requisite units and assumed knowledgeNone3. Learning aims and outcomesLearning outcome 1:Explain the development of the Western civilization in ancient times.ASSESMENT CRITERIA:a.Discuss the characteristics of the Western civilization in ancient times.b.Explain the impact brought by the agricultural revolution in Neolithic Age onthe human civilization.c.Discuss the political and cultural characteristics of the Roman Empire andtheir influence on the world to come.Learning outcome 2:Explain the development of the Western civilization in Middle Ages.ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:a.Discuss the role that trade and cities played in European society in highMiddle Ages.b.Explain the emergence, the growth and the decline of the church power inMedieval Civilizationc.Describe the great event “The Black Death” in the 14c.Learning outcome 3:Discuss the growth of the Western civilization in the early Modern Ages.ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:a.Discuss the Renaissance and its great impact on the Western world.b.Explain the Protestant Reformation and its social impact (especially onreligion and politics).c.Describe and discuss the European expansion in 17c.d.Explain the scientific revolution and the emergence of the modern science.Learning outcome 4:Discuss the main thread of the history of Western civilization.ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:a.Explain the significant periods of the history.b.Explain the major events in the history of Western civilization.c.Discuss the major persons during the course.d.Attempt to apply basic historical methodologies and critical thinking to currentand historical controversies4. Weighting of final gradeGrades will be assigned on the basis of the following percentages: Attendance 10Attitude, class activities, & participation 15Reading Outcomes(LO1,2,3) 10Assignments 25Exams and Quizzes(LO4) 40Total 1005. PoliciesAttendance PolicyThe student is responsible for punctual and regular attendance in all classes and required class activities. Unexcused absences will be reflected in the final grade. The teacher does not grant excused absences; therefore, contact the teacher prior to class if the student is not going to attend. The student is tardy if not in class at the time the class is scheduled to begin and is admitted to class. Extenuating circumstances require documentation and approval by the appropriate department head and academic dean. Three unexcused absences will directly lead the student to F.Participation PolicyDiscussion. The class will be followed in which everyone is expected to engage in thoughtful and critical discussion of the major ideas, theories, and positions advanced in the readings. To assist students with this, they will be grouped. Each week, students should prepare a list of three questions or statements about the readings. The student will hand these in at the beginning of the class session. Each group’s conversation should be directed and guided by discussion leaders. Shortly after five minutes of discussion, some a group will be asked to demonstrate the conclusion concerning about those questions. Additionally, there will be in-class questions coming out of the chapters. Each student is encouraged to get involved in the discussion.Discussion Leader Each week, individuals are responsible for leading class discussions for one group. They will regulate most of the flow and direction of discussion. Discussion leaders should e-mail an outline of their discussion plan by noon before the assigned class. I don’t want our discussions to be a free-for-all. Discussion leaders should address the following general questions:•What are the major events of the chapter?•What is the significance of the current chapter with contemporaries?•What is the connection of the chapter with previous ones?The readings may address further discussion/explanation regarding the content. The annotated bibliography must include: author(s), title of article, chapter, or book, publication name, volume and/or issue of publication, page numbers, and date published. Handouts and PowerPoint presentations are also useful.Policies on Exams and QuizzesQuizzes. A series of questions will be distributed in class and after class. Students’ responses to these questions will be marked. These questions will cover the previous chapters of the course. The in-class quizzes should be accomplished as the time asked, while the after-class assignments should be handed before the due time. Otherwise, late assignments will not be marked.Final Examination. The students are asked to finish the paper in required time. Cheating and plagiarism are not allowed. Otherwise, the final score would be counted 0.PlagiarismAny form of cheating is NEVER tolerated. Any student ONCE caught cheating on a quiz, assignment or examination will receive a 0 for that particular work of the whole semester. At the beginning of the semester the definition of plagiarism will be carefully explained. When any thoughts or writings of another person are used, the sources must be clearly identified (using quotes, bibliography and giving reference).Classroom Policies●No eating, cellular phones, electronic dictionaries, smoking, chatting or drowsingin class.●Please try to speak in English rather than Chinese in class.●Students are not allowed to attend class without textbooks.●Respect classmates’ ideas, opinions, and questions of your classmates.●All your classroom involvement, performance and after-class communicationswith instructor will affect your participation score.6. Texts and other recoursesThe primary textbook:Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization: A Brief History, Third Edition, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2006.The supplementary textbooks:Woelful, James and Sarah Truelove. Patterns in Western Civilization, 4th ed.. Needham Hts, MA: Simon and Schuster, 2007.Marvin Perry, Western Civilization: A Brief History,Tenth Edition, Boston: Wadsworth, 2013.董小燕：《西方文明史纲》，浙江大学出版社，2001年版。
Western Civilization
Term Papers for History of Western CivilizationClass: English0802Name: 孔杰Student ID: 0812204965Date: 2011年6月12日A Brief Introduction to the RenaissanceThe Renaissance is to point to 13 th century each city in Italy, to expand in the future to the rise of Western Europe, in 16 century Europe popular in a thought culture movement, bring a scientific and artistic revolution, opened a prelude of the modern European history, and is believed to be the middle ages and modern dividing line. Marxist historians believe that a feudal era and capitalist era dividing line. 13 th century, in Italy business developed city, rising bourgeoisie of some of the advanced intellectuals with study ancient Greek and Roman art culture, through the literary and artistic creation, propaganda humanistic spirit.OriginAt that time, Western Europe in the middle ages is a special "dark society", a Christian church was the spiritual pillar of the feudal society, it has established a setof strict hierarchy, and take god as absolute authority, everything all want to follow the Christian bible, or will the sanctions, and even death.SummarizeThe Renaissance of this culture movement to the modern early European academic life caused profound effect. It rise from Italy, in the sixteenth century has extended to Europe, and its influence in literature, philosophy, art, politics, science and religion and knowledge exploration in all its aspects. Renaissance scholar in the academic research using the method of humanism, and in art creation in search realism and human emotions.ContributionMany of the middle ages for the achievement of the era of symbol born again to contribute. One is to restore the interest in learning. Oxford University first college was established in 1264. In the 1400 years in Europe, and has more than 50 university. Reason Arab preserved ancient was translated into Latin, through these ancient literature, education and to encourage the ethos that debate. Europeans in the holy land, Sicily and Spain, are in contact with the arabs, and thereby to find many treasures, ancient Greek mathematician Euclid's work is an illustration, has been to the nineteenth century are European standard mathematical teaching materials. The Arab people also spread the new digital system, decimal ideas and the concept of zero, and these ideas in India is developed. By the 1450 s, the propagation speed of learning more with the invention of the printing press and speed up the pace.Relevant influenceMany of the middle ages for the achievement of the era of symbol born again to contribute. One is to restore the interest in learning. Cattle1.The primitive accumulation of capital: Renaissance movement as a carry forward the new bourgeoisie of the cultural ideological emancipation movement, in the process of transmission for early capitalism bud development laid a solid foundation, also for early bourgeois accumulated the original wealth. Renaissance in Italy, and starting from the Mediterranean coast after spread transfer to the Atlantic ocean, the emergence of a famous cities such as Rome, Florence, Venice and virtuous orchid, a series of new city, the capitalist industry and commerce began to grow, also began to stream development capital into the new bourgeoisie, the must-have for performed at the same time the new air route opened up, religious reform as well as future bourgeois revolut2.Human exploration and discovery: Renaissance movement that is in traditional feudal the bondage of liberation theology, people began to slowly under religious coat slowly explore the value of man, as a person, this a new concrete existence, and not the feudal aristocracy and religious Lord of the interdependence and spirit of new age. Attachment The Renaissance movement full affirms the value of human nature, become people, pay attention to break through the layers of the powerful veil has been drawn over the middle ages call. The Renaissance movement of that time, economic, political, scientific philosophy, theology has had a great impact world view. Is the new bourgeoisie ideology in a revolution in the storm, also known as "The Times" in the giant.3.Negative influence: the Renaissance movement in the process of transmission because too much emphasis on the value, the late in spreading caused personal desires expansion, material comforts and luxury flood, have a series of negative effectsA Commentary Analysis on Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution started in England around 1733 with the first cotton mill.A more modern world had begun. As new inventions were being created, factories followed soon thereafter. England wanted to keep its industrialization a secret, so they prohibited anyone who had worked in a factory to leave the country. Meanwhile, Americans offered a significant reward to anyone who could build a cotton-spinning machine in the United States. Samuel Slater, who had been an apprentice in an English cotton factory, disguised himself and came to America. Once here, he reconstructed a cotton-spinning machine from memory. He then proceeded to build a factory of his own. The Industrial Revolution had arrived in the United States.The Industrial Revolution brought severe consequences to society. Factory owners, needing cheap, unskilled labor, profited greatly by using children and women to run the machines. By the age of 6, many children were already working 14 hours a day in factories! These kids had no free time to do anything else and earned low wages. Some got sick and died because of the toxic fumes, while others were severely injured and sometimes killed working at the dangerous machines in factories. Obviously, the Industrial Revolution had both good and bad sidesThe Industrial Revolution was an outburst of new inventions in the U.S. and in other parts of the world. Many inventions from this period are still used today. There were other minor inventions, such as: the sewing machine (invented by Elias Howe), the steel plow (invented by John Deere), the reaper (invented by Cyrus McCormick), and vulcanized rubber (invented by Charles Goodyear), for which our lives today are much richer. Overall, the Industrial Revolution greatly transformed the U.S. economy and society. Its impact will never be forgotten.In the last part of the 18th century, a new revolution gripped the world that we were not ready for. This revolution was not a political one, but it would lead to many implications later in its existence. Neither was this a social or cultural revolution. This revolution was an economic one.The Industrial Revolution, as it know called by historians, changed the ways by how the world produced its goods. It also changed our societies from a mainly agricultural society to one that in which industry and manufacturing was in control.The industrial revolution first got its start in Great Britain, during the 18th century, which at the time was the most powerful empire on the planet. So, it is inevitable that the country with the most wealth would lead in this revolution. After it adoption in England, other countries such as Germany, the United States and France joined in this revolution.During this time there was also much new technological advancement, socioeconomic and cultural problems that arised.On the technology front, the biggest advancements were in steam power. New fuels such as coal and petroleum were incorporated into new steam engines. This revolutionized many industries including textiles and manufacturing. Also, a new communication medium was invented called the telegraph. This made communicating across the ocean much faster.But, along with this great leap in technology, there was an overall downfall in the socioeconomic and cultural situation of the people. Growths of cities were one of the major consequences of the Industrial Revolution. Many people were driven to the cities to look for work, in turn the ended living in the cities that could not support them. With the new industrial age, a new quantitative and materialistic view of the world took place. This caused the need for people to consume as much as they could. This still happens today. Living on small wages that required small children to workin factories for long days.Also, during this time much international strife was occurring at this time. The American Revolution was occurring in the beginning part of the Industrial Revolution. The French Revolution was in the process at the turn of the 19th century. This was a great time, but resulted in newly found democratic rights that spread through Europe and North America.The Industrial Revolution was not a good revolution for the planet. From the time of its start, the factories and industry has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by two-folds. Also in our drive for consumerism, our planets natural resources are being depleted at an alarming rate. Pollution by nuclear waste, pesticides and other chemicals are also the result of the Industrial Revolution.The Feeling about Learning Western CivilizationIn my opinion, The essence of western civilization is the respect for people、advocate the human nature、respect for life、respect the rights of man、outstanding individualism、culture atmosphere more comfortable. I am originally in at the beginning of the course declared clearly principle is also lies in cultivating the spiritof everybody. It seems that we are, after all, is education as a quality course, can let everybody know something, that is successful.By time clues, Western civilization history teaching is very clear, but also easy to superficial. It also has the order of the political, economic, culture, religion, art project, This contents really attracting my interest. For example: "from harry potter see Western Europe witchcraft, and movement"、"the Iraq, Iran's religious culture disputes"、"from the Da Vinci code, see the Christianity in modern society mass culture"、"1421 China discovered the world "、"Clinton scandal reflect the western political parties," " The QinYong political ranked eighth wonder of the world" and so on. I really learn a lot of things.Western civilization history has many celebrities and great man. I can consider to myself speaking with the great thoughts. I really enjoy the course. And great thanks to my teacher for giving me such lessons.。
《西方文明史》(全校任选课)教学大纲
《西方文明史》（全校任选课）教学大纲（Western Civilization）一、基本信息课程代码：学分：2总学时：30 学时适用对象：全校普通本科学生先修课程：无二、课程性质、教学目的和要求（一）课程性质和目的本课程是全校任选课，课程内容涉及到西方文化、艺术、社会、政治等各方面知识。
目的是通过本课程的学习，一方面，本课程透过西方各阶段的文明发展进程之时、空分析，以及现代人文生活层面的专题形式，来建构西方文明发展的整体脉络，以及认识现代文化的内涵，并启发学生的历史意识与史观批判能力。
另一方面，本课程结合史学、文化人类学、社会学与心理学等跨学科领域，让同学掌握古今文明之间的相关性，从“历史”的观点来分析“文化”现象，建立文化的主体意识与多元文化的关怀。
对于拓展同学视野、培养其历史人文思维与素养，建立个人自我认同与社群认同。
（二）教学方法与手段采用多媒体手段教学，结合教材进行基本内容的讲解，同时结合图片、视频资料等资料给学生以直观印象。
（三）教学安排课程学分：2学时数：30学时。
三、课程内容与学时分配（一）授课内容第1周（3课时）前言与导论1. 认识学生与介绍课程相关规定2. 文明与文化的区别3. 西方文明的界定与要素4. 回顾与前瞻：西方人为适应自然与人文环境而创造出来的物质的与精神的生活方式，以确保人们的生存与发展。
不同的自然与人文环境，因应方式的差异而形成不同的文明形式。
因此，我们如何去看待不同人群社会的文明，并建构个人与社群的认同，是此一讲题关注的重点。
第2周（3课时）希腊城邦文明与泛希腊时代文明1. 希腊文明的特质：理性、节制、和谐2. 雅典的黄金时代：行政与法律、贸易与金融、阶级与人民、艺术3. 希腊化进程的推动者——亚历山大大帝4. 历史评价：辉煌的希腊文明成为西方文明的第一根支柱，亚历山大结束了希腊城邦时代，开启了西方世界一统帝国的时代。
希腊化时代的文明，可视为地中海地区高度文明的第一次全球化的进程。