华东师范大学英语语言文学考研试卷翻译 2006
华东师范大学研究生英语综合班期末考试翻译-How to write a winning resume
Unit 4How to write a winning resume如何写一份成功的简历The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar “tombstone” that lists where you went to school and where you‟ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functional” resume--- descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.简历的主要目的是如何说服雇主给你一次面试机会。
这有两种模式。
一个是大家熟悉的“墓碑”式，以时间顺序列出你在哪里上学和你曾在哪里工作。
另一种就是我称之为功能型简历——一种描述式的，让人乐于去读，让你看起来独一无二，同时极有可能会使你成功获得一次面试机会。
It‟s handy to have a “tomb-stone”for certain occasions.But prospective employers throw away most of those un-requested “tombstone”lists,preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.在某些场合可能“墓碑”式简历更简便。
但极可能雇主们会把大部不愿回复的“墓碑”式简历扔掉，他们更愿意去面试那些灵活而非死板的人。
下面是一些如何写一份可能被阅读的功能型简历的建议，它将使你的形象跃然纸上，并让雇主对你产生兴趣。
华东师范大学2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
华东师范大学2006年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：英语Paper One注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.1. Police believe that many burglars are amateurs who would flee if an alarm sounded or lightsA. came outB. came onC. came toD. came down2. Mr. Jenkins drove along at his usual high speed for police cars in his mirror from time to timeto make sure he was safe.A. pulling outB. running throughC. going aheadD. watching out3. Miss Tracy moved to New York in the early 1960s, apparently to escape jealous friends who were becomingincreasingly of her success.A. delightfulB. gracefulC. resentfulD. respectful4. In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies; in practice, they must conform toa global economic model or risk being by the market.A. replacedB. overlookedC. saturatedD. penalized5. Mrs. Black finds that her piano has always had the magic power of taking her awayfrom the grim realities of daily life and her to fairyland of her own once shestarted to play.A. transformingB. transportingC. transplantingD. transcending6. It is hard to think of a field in which it is not important to what is likely to happen andact accordingly.A. look outB. figure outC. turn outD. point out7. At about the same time, some black Christians walked in protest out of churches wherethey were forced to worship in sections.A. segregatedB. sustainedC. connectedD. engaged8. San Francisco climbs and falls over numerous hills, which provides views of the wide bay andthe Golden Gate Bridge.A. flashyB. transientC. breathtakingD. ambiguous9. Martin Luther King, Jr. persuaded his followers to bring the of the American Negroes to theattention of the United Nations, but they did not act very effectively.A. conspiracyB. pledgeC. plightD. compulsion10. Even though strong evidence has proved the nicotine to be , the tobacco company still insiststhat its products are harmless.A. solubleB. deficientC. addictiveD. skeptical11. Prof. Flynn found no students in the lecture hall when he arrived. Only then did he realize that hecameA. too muchB. so muchC. much tooD. much so12. I wanted to be sure a sudden emergency that we gave the right advice.A. on account ofB. in case ofC. at the risk ofD. in spite of13. in India, the banana was brought to the Americas by the Portuguese who found it in Africa.A. Originally cultivatedB. Having originally cultivatedC. Originally being cultivatedD.Although it originally cultivated14. It was the end of my exhausting first day as a waitress, and I really appreciated time to relax.A. to haveB. havingC. to have hadD. of having15. We’ve just installed central heating, should make a tremendous difference to the house nextwinter.A. whatB. thatC. itD. which16. So fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.A.has light traveledB.light travelsC.does light travelD.travels light17. she was living in Paris that she met her husband Terry.A. Just whenB. It was whileC. Soon afterD. During the time when18. While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest theyby the local bandits.A. be attackedB. must be attackedC. were attackedD.would be attacked19. The police chief announced that the deaths of two young girls would soon be inquired.A. aboutB. ofC. intoD. after20. They were more than glad to leave their cars parked and walked a change.A. asB. forC. toD. byPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.(1)When the brash British raider Sir James Goldsmith calculated that U. S. timberland was a tempting prize, he launched a $500-million bid to take over San Francisco’s Crown Zellerbach paper company in order to grab the corporation’s vast forests. As a result, Goldsmith owns 1.9 million acres of forests in Washington State, Oregon, Mississippi and Louisiana.The United States seems to have become a country for sale. Foreign ownership in the United States, including everything from real estate to securities, rose to a remarkable $ 1.33 trillion last year, up 25.5 percent from the previous year. Foreign investors now own 46 percent of the commercial real estate in downtown Los Angeles, 39 percent in downtown Houston, 32 percent in downtown Minneapolis and 21 percent in downtown Manhattan.Esteemed U. S. corporate nameplates have been changing citizenship at a rapid clip. Smith & Wesson handguns have gone to the British. General Electric television sets have been bought by the French, Carnation foods by the Swiss, General Tire by the West Germans.In fact, the question of what is truly America has become befuddling. The British, who burned Washington in 1814, have built or bought an estimated $773 million in District of Columbia property, including ownership of the famed Watergate complex. And what about breakfast (or a diamond ring) at Tiffany, or drinks in the cultured atmosphere of Manhattan’s Algonquin Hotel? Those vintage landmark buildings are now Japanese possessions.The reasons for the rush to buy are abundantly clear. The U. S. dollar has plunged more than 50 percent in value during the past three years against such major foreign currencies as the Japanese yen, the West German mark and the British pound. The result is that everything with a dollar-denominated price tag has looked like a tremendous steal to holders of stronger currencies.Japanese bargain shoppers increasingly cover neglected American gambling casinos. In April last year, Ginji Yasuda, a Korean-born Japanese, bought the 1100-room Aladdin Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas for $ 54 million and reopened it after spending another $30 million to restore its glitzy décor. Says Yasuda: “You have a lot of dreams still available in this country that you don’t have in Japan.” He plans to shuttle customers from Japan in a posh jet equipped with sleeping cabins.Wile the Japanese have largely shied away from takeovers of major U. S. industrial corporations, at least partly in fear of a public relations backlash, the least inhibited bidders have been the British. They committed more than $27 billions last year to U. S. takeovers.21. Sir James Goldsmith owns vast forests in the United States because .A. he is a relentless raiderB. he has been awarded a grand prizeC. he has taken over a U. S. paper companyD. he has a number of corporations in Washington State22. Foreign ownership of the commercial real estate in downtown Los Angeles was 14 percent more than itwas .A. in downtown San FranciscoB. in downtown HoustonC. in downtown ManhattanD. in downtown Minneapolis23. In the United States, the British have already come into possession of .A. the Watergate complex and General TireB. General Electric and General TireC. Manhattan’s Algonquin Hotel and the Watergate complexD. Smith & Wesson and the Watergate complex24. Judging from the context the phrase “a tremendous steal” in Paragraph 5 means.A. something extremely cheapB. something too expensiveC. something worth buyingD. something dangerous but profitable25. According to the passage, the Japanese investors .A. have been slow in making large investments in land in the United StatesB. have showed more interest in US major industrial corporations than in gambling housesC. are not so bold as the British in taking over major US industrial corporationsD. have proved themselves the least inhibited bidders in the United States(2)Ever since the Industrial Revolution brought workers from small shops into factories, supervision have been required. Only during the last hundred years, however, has industrial management grown into a highly organized set of modern methods for achieving efficiency. Thus, management is a new human history, and it has already become vitally important for the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies.Efficiency means getting results with the least possible waste of time, effort, and money. Therefore, efficiency is the aim of all management, both puplic and private. In private business, efficiency can be measured by profit, the surplus of income over expenditures.The manager’s a job, then, is to get people to do things efficiently. The top manager manages other managers, chooses and trains them, plans their operations, and checks the results. All managers have practical complex problems, but they utilize methods based on a growing body of knowledge. Shop managers carry out time and motion studies to improve workers’ efficiency, and foremen give on-the-job training to workers. Industrial managers employ specialists to keep machines working properly and to ensure the supply of spare parts. The flow of work is supervised to avoid any unplanned idleness of workers of equipment. Each step in manufacturing is planned in detail, and the cost of each step is carefully calculated. Supervisors consult experts regularly in order to master new techniques. Personnel managers have learned to obtain greater efficiency from workers by providing rest periods and by improving morale through better heating, lighting, safety devices, cafeterias, and recreation facilities – even when these have not been demanded by labor unions. The use of modern electronic devices had led to increasing automation, in which many automatic machines function without any need for human labor.Scientific management methods have spread to all branches of industry – not only manufacturing, but also accounting, finance, marketing, and other office work. There are planning systems, organization systems and control systems. Within these there are other systems for delegation of authority, budgeting, information feedback for control, and so on. The essence of all the functions of management is coordination, the harmonious combination of all individual efforts for the achievement of the objectives of the enterprise.26. From the first paragraph, we know that .A. industrial management depends on the success of all kinds of businesses and ofnational economiesB. industrial management is indispensable to the successes of all kinds of businessesand of national economiesC. the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies has nothing to dowith industrial managementD. industrial management did not develop until the last fifty years27. The top manager .A. is responsible for selecting other managers and help them do things efficientlyB. gets other managers to choose and train themselvesC. manages other managers’ operationsD. learns new techniques from other managers28. All managers employ .A. various methods to solve their practical and complex problemsB. specialists to keep machines working properlyC. workers who give on-the-job trainingD. advisers to handle practical and complex problems29. Personnel managers provide rest periods, safety devices, recreation facilities, etc. _______.A. because the labor unions demand themB. just to improve the workers’moraleC. to obtain greater efficiency from workersD. to ensure the good working conditions30. The essence of all management functions is .A. to combine individual efforts to achieve the objectives of the enterpriseB. the coordination of the functions of managementC. the harmonious coordination of organization efforts for the achievement ofindividual objectivesD. to coordinate the systems for planning, organization and control(3)The genetic characteristics of all life forms on earth are embodied in the chemical structure of DNA molecules. An organism’s DNA molecules provide a complete blueprint for its physical makeup. Genetic engineering is the process of altering the DNA genetic code to change the characteristics of plants and animals. Through the process, scientists can literally build to order new life forms that perform desired functions. For hundreds of years, humans have engineered the development of food crops and domesticated animals through selective breeding practices. For example, the modern dairy cow is the result of centuries of carefully breeding individual animals that carried the genetic trait for high milk production. However, new technology makes it possible for scientists to restructure the DNA molecules themselves and thus obtain more rapid and more radical genetic changes than were possible in the past. This new process is commonly called recombinant DNA technology or gene splicing because it involves disassembling the DNA molecule and then recombining or splicing the pieces according to a new pattern. The genespliced DNA molecule may have a genetic code that has never existed before.Although recombinant DNA technology is still in its infancy, it has already demonstrated its value. New crop breeds produced by his process are already growing in farmers’ fields. Crops that are genetically engineered to resist pests, diseases, and drought could be important in efforts to alleviate starvation around the world. Scientists are trying to use genetic engineering to produce important drugs such as insulin and interferon cheaply. They are also working on a genetically engineered generation of wonder drugs to combat cancer and other killer diseases. However, the recombinant DNA technology brings with it problems our society has not previously faced. Gene splicing could produce new disease microorganisms, deadly to us or to the plants and animals upon which we depend. The possibility of altering human genetic structure raises serious moral, political, and social issues. Genetic engineering illustrates dramatically the promises and dangers of technological development. The decisions our society makes about genetic engineering will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in the years to come.31. The best title for this passage is .A. The Basic Function of Genetic EngineeringB. New Applications of Genetic EngineeringC. Recombinant DNA Technology, A New Process in Genetic EngineeringD. The Promises & Dangers of Technological Development32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about recombinant DNA technology?A. It can bring about rapid and radical genetic changes in life forms.B. It can be used to restructure DNA molecules to produce new desired plant and animal breeds.C. It may increase the risk of producing some unexpected diseases.D. It proves an effective way to cure cancer and other incurable diseases.33. The word “alleviate” in paragraph 2 is nearest in meaning to .A. relieveB. avoidC. eliminateD. terminate34. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. there will inevitably be a heated debate over the general application of therecombinant DNA technologyB. the use of the recombinant DNA technology on human beings will be forbiddenC. the recombinant DNA technology can be traced back to hundreds of years agoD. serious dilemmas may be generated when it is used to modify human genetic code35. The author’s attitude towards genetic technologies is .A. enthusiasticB. indifferentC. criticalD. objective(4)The word for “The Da Vinci Code” is a rare invertible palindrome. Rotated 180 degrees on a horizontal axis so that it is upside down, it denotes the maternal essence that is sometimes linked to the sport soccer. Read right side up, it concisely conveys the kind of extreme enthusiasm with which this riddlecode-breaking, exhilaratingly brainy thriller can be recommended. That word is wow.The author is Dan Brown (a name you will want to remember). In this gleefully erudite suspense novel, Mr. Brown takes the format he has been developing through three earlier novels and fine-tunes it to blockbuster perfection. Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops. Consider the new book’s prologue, set in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre. (This is the kind of book that notices that this one gallery’s length is three times that of the Washington Monument.) It embroils a Caravaggio, an albino monk and a curator in a fight to the death. That’s scene leaving little doubt that the author knows how to pique interest, as the curator, Jacques Sauniere, fights for his life.Desperately seizing the painting in order to activate the museum’s alarm system, Sauniere succeeds in buying some time. And he uses these stolen moments? Which are his last? To take off his clothes, draw a circle and arrange himself like the figure in Leonardo’s most famous drawing, “The Vitruvian Man.” And to leave behind an anagram and Fibonacci’s famous numerical series as clues.Whatever this is about, it is enough to summon Langdon, who by now, he blushes to recall, has been described in an adoring magazine article as “Harrison Ford in Harris tweed.” Langdon’s latest manuscript, which “proposed some very unconventional interpretations of established religious iconography which would certainly be controversial,” is definitely germane.Also soon on the scene is the cryptologist Sophie Neveu, a chip off the author’s earlier prototypes: “Unlike the cookie-cutter blondes that adorned Harvard dorm room walls, this woman was healthy with an unembellished beauty and genuineness that radiated a striking personal confidence.” Even if he had not contrived this entire story as a hunt for the Lost Sacred Feminine essence, women in particular would love Mr. Brown.The book moves at a breakneck pace, with the author seeming thoroughly to enjoy his contrivances. Virtually every chapter ends with a cliffhanger: not easy, considering the amount of plain old talking that gets done. And Sophie and Langdon are sent on the run, the better to churn up a thriller atmosphere. To their credit, they evade their pursuers as ingeniously as they do most everything else.When being followed via a global positioning system, for instance, it is smart to send the sensor flying out a 40-foot window and lead pursuers to think you have done the same. Somehow the book manages to reconcile such derring-do with remarks like, “And did you know that if you divide the number of female bees by the number of male bees in any beehive in the world, you always get the same number?”“The Da Vinci Code” is breezy enough even to make fun of its characters’ own cleverness. At one point Langdon is asked by his host whether he has hidden a sought-after treasure carefully enough. “Actually,” Langdon says, unable to hide his grin, “that depends on how often you dust under your couch.”36. Why does the author use the word “wow” to describe the novel The Da Vinci Code?A. Because the word reads the same backwards.B. Because it is also linked to the sport of football.C. Because the novel is imbued with perplexing enigmas and smartly wrought.D. Because the novel is a bestseller.37. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Dan Brown, author of “The Da Vinci Code” has published so far four novels.B. The Da Vinci Code begins with a mysterious murder case in the Gallery of Luvre.C. In his earlier novels, Dan Brown has created characters like Sophie Neveu.D. The Da Vinci Code wins the popularity among women because Dan Brown is afervent feminist.38. It can be inferred from the passage that Harry Potter is all the following EXCEPT.A. It is also a bestseller around the worldB. It attracts readers with heart-throbbing suspenseC. It is characterized by hoax and unreliable plotsD. It has achieved immense popularity with readers39. The major factor that contributes to the success of The Da Vinci Code isA. the engrossing prologueB. the depiction of the female protagonist Sophie NeveuC. the breakneck pace and a cliffhanger at the end of almost every chapterD. the colorful description of the cleverness of the characters40. The author’s attitude towards “The Da Vince Code” is .A. criticalB. indifferentC. affirmativeD. sarcasticPaper Two(注意：以下各题的答案必须写在Answer Sheet II上)Part III Cloze (10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet II.It was during the nineteenth century that the rapid development of the heat engine took place, and with ever increasing power at the disposal of man, the mechanical age began. The demand 41 more and more power as new industries evolved created a great incentive for invention. At first, attention was solely devoted to practical improvement, but 42 the trend was more toward philosophical reasoning, with a result that engineers found 43 necessary to review their fundamental ideas. It was seen that the consideration of practical detail 44 was insufficient in the attempt to produce more efficient machines. Theoretical reasoning was also necessary, and it was through the work of men such as Carnot, Gibbs and others, 45 the theoretical study developed. The 46 of their philosophy and the skill of the craftsmen, together with the ingenuity of the practical engineers, resulted 47 progressively more efficient engines.48 with the prime movers of the nineteenth century, our present-day engines and power plants are very efficient. Nevertheless, design and development engineers are continually striving to produce even more efficient machines. In this task they must engage in conflict 49 the restrictions which Nature imposes upon energy conversion processes, and they must be 50 with the knowledge which is gained from the study of the subject of Thermodynamics.Part IV Translation (15%)Directions: Put the following passage into English.现在教育和就业的距离正在拉大。
华东师范大学英语语言文学 复试题目
华东师范大学英语语言文学复试题目一、单项选择（共计20题，每题2分）1. _______does your father play tennis after work?---Every Tuesday and Thursday. [单选题] *A.How often(正确答案)B. How soonC.WhereD. Why2. How often do you chat with your friends online?-_________.I'm busy with my study. [单选题] *A.Only one monthB.About twice a month(正确答案)C.Almost every dayD.Maybe in two weeks3. -__________do you practice it a week? -----Twice. [单选题] *A.How oftenB.How many times(正确答案)C.How soonD.How long4. Speak aloud, please! I can__________ hear you. [单选题] *uallyB.almostC.hardly(正确答案)D. nearly5. Huang Bo is a popular film star.He_________brings us good films. [单选题] *A.always(正确答案)B.seldomC.neverD. hardly6. Bill wants me _____ him to play the piano.[单选题] *A.teachB.teachingC.teachesD. to teach(正确答案)7. [2019·河南]-What shall we eat tonight?-Let's call Harry. He___________knows the best places to go. [单选题] *A.onlyB.nearlyC.seldomD. always(正确答案)8. Who can tell me the answer _____ this question? [单选题] *A.onB.to(正确答案)C.forD.in9. The bird’s singing came into my room ______ the window and woke me up in the early morning. [单选题] *A．downB．fromC．through(正确答案)D．across10. —I have a toothache (牙疼). —You should see a______ . [单选题] *A.postmanB.nurseC.dentist(正确答案)D.policeman11. — do you visit your grandparents, Jim?—Maybe twice a month. [单选题] *A.How longB.How farC.How muchD.How often(正确答案)12. Drinking tea is usually seen as a____ lifestyle in China. [单选题] *A.strictB.boringC.cleanD.healthy(正确答案)13. It’s important____us ____English well. [单选题] *A.of;learningB.for;to learn(正确答案)C.of;to learnD.to;learn14. On March 14th, 2018, the famous physicist Stephen William Hawking_______peacefully in his home. We were all surprised at the news. [单选题] *A.diesB.died(正确答案)C.deadD.death15. ____ it’s very late,_____my mother is still at work. [单选题] *A.But;althoughB.Although;butC.Although;/(正确答案)D.But16. Frank enjoys doing all kinds of sports,______ running, swimming and playing basketball. [单选题] *A.of courseB.such as(正确答案)C.as wellD.because of17. I think _____ exercise every day is good for our health. [单选题] *A.doB.doesC.doing(正确答案)D.did18. —Sarah was late for the movie last night.—I’m not surprised at all. She is_____on time. [单选题] *A.oftenB.alwaysC.sometimesD.never(正确答案)19. Her life was so _____ that she had no time to relax. [单选题] *A.full(正确答案)B.easyC.difficultD.free20. ─What's your favorite __________?─Sports World. [单选题] *A．foodB．sportC．program(正确答案)D．subject二、词汇题,根据所给汉译或所给单词，用适当形式填空。
06上外英汉互译部分
06上外英汉互译部分一：汉译英部分（75分）We boarded a steam launch to Guangzhou and left Hongkong at ten o’clock.As the boat started to move, my friend Hong called me outside the cabin. The moment I stepped out I heard him yelling："Look! Hongkong’s night view is marvelous, you can’t miss it".Outside on the deck I leaned against the railing, watching Hongkong receding from us.The sea was dark, so was the sky. There scattered some stars in the heavens but most of them not quite bright while Hongkong in the distance made a constellation of stars.Over the mountains, on the streets and buildings were lights, each resembling a star, yet in my naked eyes they outshone stars. Myriads of lights dotted here and there constituted a mountain of stars, shining with a spectacle of brilliance.Tranquility and peace reigned the night. Not a sound could be heard from cross the water as though Hongkong closed its big mouth. However, when I gazed at that starry mountain I felt as if those countless lights were whispering with each other. The ship was moving and so were the lights, together with the lamplights on the running trolley buses and cars on the opposite streets. I saw them turning dim and bright now and then just like children winkling or frolicking or chatting with each other. My visual and auditory senses blending, I was almost listening with my eyes. The star-studded mountain was no dumb; instead, they were busy with performing a magnificent symphony...I was almost lost in reverie.Presumably the ship was swinging around. The star-lit mountain retreated smaller and smaller, yet in my eyes there were shining with an expanse of golden rays and lingering on a touching melody.Slowly the ship sailed into the heart of mountains (I could not distinguish whether they were mountains or islands), for Hongkong was gone unseen. Lightless on the sea, our ship was enveloped by the pitch darkness. The mountain of stars disappeared like a vague dream. Standing lost there, I wished to find the mountain back yet there was noting in sight. Outside the air was cool, but the blowing wind was too much for my head, so I walked back to the crowded and noisy cabin, a completely different world. As I set my foot in to the cabin, I couldn’t help asking myself: was it only a mirage that I saw just now?06上外英汉部分I. Translate the following into English (75分)我们搭小火轮去广州。
上外英语语言文学专业翻译考题
05年：Human Greatness.汉译英参考译文Confucius says, “Out of three men, there must be one that can teach me.” So pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils. Some learn the truth earlier than others, and some have special skills—that is all.”孔子曾经说过“三人行，必有我师焉。
”因此学生并不一定就低老师一等，老师也不见得就一定比学生优秀。
只不过有的人比别人更早地明白真理，有的人拥有特殊技能罢了。
A similar idea is expressed by the following well-known passage quoted from Xueji (The Subject of Education), a chapter of the ancient book Liji (The Book of Rites): 在《学记》和《礼记》的著名段落中我们也能找到类似的思想。
“食美与否，不吃不知其味也；理善与否，不学不知其真也”“However nice the food may be, if one does not eat it, he does not know its taste. however perfect the doctrine may be, if one does not learn it, he does not know its value. 因此，其学者知其不足，其教授者只其难也。
Therefore, when he learns, one knows his own deficiencies. when he teaches, one knows where the difficulty lies. 知不足，则学者省自身；知其难，则教授者得进取。
华东师范大学对外汉语教学专业2005、2006年考研专业课真题解析
华东师范大学对外汉语教学专业2005、2006年考研专业课真题解析作文我们先看一下作文。
这里解析的是05年和06年的作文试卷。
05年的作文题目是《我看文化与语言的关系》，只有一篇大作文，要求议论文体，2000字以上。
06年题目是篇半命题、根据材料的议论文。
大致的意思是：目前国内韩流一片汹涌，“汉流”也在发展壮大中，“孔子学院”在全球各地纷纷建立，针对这一现状，我们应该如何看待现在的“汉流”，要求说出自己的观点和理解，言之有物，2000字以上。
06年还有一篇小作文，也是采取的根据给出的材料，阐述自己的观点。
中心是关于针对目前国内大学文科的发展提出自己的看法。
今年作文具体的题目应该很快就可以复印。
从以往的作文命题来看，没有特别的规律性，但总的趋势仿佛是越来越和语言文化相关，也就是和翻译专业和对外汉语所涉及的专业性在加强。
作文的复习，很多人都强调平时的积累，现场的临场发挥，以考察考生的思维能力、知识面和文字的驾驭能力。
当时我复习作文时，也曾经胆战心惊。
毕竟作文150分，仅仅靠临场发挥，好像终归是不保险。
由于现如今作文命题的专业性加强，我建议大家在复习其他科目的同时，多读一些有关语言文字方面的书籍和文章。
书和文章不是那种专业性很强的，在图书馆中有很多这方面的随笔和散文类的文字，像是南方朔的《语言是我们的居所》，陈原《在语言的密林里》之类的书。
多读一些，对有关文字、语言、文化方面的东西可以渐渐形成自己的idea,不要仅仅局限于教科书上的说法。
这里，我给出大家几篇文章的名字，基本上在网上都可以找得到，读读会有所收获：《少数民族地域语言是一种文化资源》，《英文汉字，各领风骚》，《网络语言、汉语、“新民族”》,《汉语的拯救》、《汉语的开放》,《语言，走过历史的沧桑》,《中国传统文化与全球化》……等等。
关键字就这么几个，自己可以在网上多搜搜。
多关注语言文字文化方面的新动态，像双语教学的利与弊，方言的变迁和普通话的地位、祭孔的争议等等这样的。
华东师范大学研究生英语综合班期末考试翻译C
Unit 17:<Clearing customs>了解传统I‟m the overseas representative for a firm which manufactures cosmetics and perfumes. I‟m going to France and Spain to see if I can introduce my company‟s products into these markets. Do you have any advice for businessmen and women visiting these countries?我是一家化妆品和香水公司的海外代表。
我要去法国和西班牙，看看我是否能把我公司的产品引入这些市场。
你对商人和妇女访问这些国家有什么建议呢？My husband‟s firm has suggested that I accompany him on a tour of Korea, China and Japan next autumn. I‟m told that wives are not usually invited to take part in the many social activities which a business trip like this usually involves. Is this true? I don‟t want to spend my time sitting in a hotel room. And if I do go, what advice do you have about protocol for both me and my husband.我丈夫的公司已经建议我陪他于明年秋季去韩国，中国和日本旅行。
我被告知，类似这样的商务旅行所包含的种种社交活动一般是不邀请家眷的。
06-英语试题
华东政法学院2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part One: Grammar & Vocabulary (20%)Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. The evening was beginning to as we waited.A. extendB. prolongC. dragD. delay2. Please ________ us with your plans.A. acquaintB. informC. tellD. notify3. The book’s significance _ him.A. failedB. missedC. escapedD. deluded4. She said she would be late, she arrived on time.A. anyhowB. yetC. howeverD. accordingly5. Let’s ___ this room a bit.A. cheer upB. inspireC. stimulateD. liven up6. _______ amounts of noxious wastes were dumped into the Songhuajiang River.A. AppreciatedB. AppreciableC. AppreciativeD. Appreciating7. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest of being met.A. prospectB. predictionC. prosperityD. permission8. As your teacher, I’m just curious what difficulties any of you may come when writing in English.A. up withB. up againstC. round toD. in on9. Amid fears of a global flu pandemic, Roche has decided to up production of Tamiflu, the only drug that may be able to treat the illness.A. pullB. playC. turnD. step10. Scientists, archaeologists and historians are trying to the mystery of Egypt’s sunken cities.A. unbindB. untangleC. unwindD. unravel11. They walked through the ___ warmth of late September to a cafe across the street.A. remainingB. delayingC. loiteringD. lingering12. I was taken __ when I saw him because he had lost all his hair.A. abackB. asideC. aboutD. apart13. Investors rushed into the market, __ that prices would rise.A. instructingB. entrustingC. relyingD. assuming14. Because of her poor performance, Jane had to ___ the possibility of being fired.A. face up toB. look up toC. stand up toD. wake up to15. In an effort to __ culture shocks, I think there is value in knowing something about the nature of culture.A. get offB. get byC. get throughD. get over16. My remark will _____ to your earlier comments about the issue of culture shocks.A. compareB. relateC. dependD. accord17. A memorial _____ was held yesterday for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre.A. inspectionB. investigationC. observanceD. observation18. It is a _ joke among the natives that you have to lie down on your back to see the sun.A. steadyB. standingC. stableD. persisting19. When writing in English, we shall always be _ to details.A. attentiveB. observantC. recurrentD. earnest20. _____ you find yourself in a condition of being troubled or worried about some trifles, please cultivate a hobby.A. CouldB. ShouldC. MightD. MayPart Two. Reading Comprehension (30%).Directions: In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.TEXT APoliceman as a WriterI decided to begin the term’s work with the short story since that form would be the easiest for the police officers, not only because most of their reading up to then had probably been in that genre, but also because a study of the reaction of people to various situations was something they relied on in their daily work. For instance, they had to be able to predict how others would react to their directives and interventions before deciding on their own form of action; they had to be able to take in the details of a situation quickly and correctly before intervening. No matter how factual and sparse police reports may seem to us, they must make use of a selection of vital detail, similar to that which a writer of a short story has to make.This was taught to me by one of my students, a captain, at the end of the term. I had begun the study of the short story by stressing the differences between a factual report, such as a scientist’s or a policeman’s report, and the presentation of a creative writer. While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts, while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader. Only at the end of the term did the captain point out to me that he and his men also try to evaluate the events they describe and that their description of a sequence of events must of necessity be structured and colored by their understanding of what has taken place.The policemen’s reactions to events and characters in the stories were surprisingly unprejudiced...They did not object to writers whose stories had to do with their protagonist’s rebellion against society’s accepted values. Nor did stories in which the strong father becomes the villain and in which our usual ideals of manhood are turned around offend them. The many hunters among my students readily granted the message in those hunting tales in which sensitivity triumphs over male aggressiveness, stories that show the boy becoming a man because he fails to shoot the deer, goose, or catbird. The only characters they did object to were those they thought unrealistic. As the previous class had done, this one also excelled in interpreting the ways in which characters reveal themselves, subtly manipulate and influence each other; they, too, understood how the story usually saves its insight, its revelation, for the end.This almost instinctive grasp of the writing of fiction was revealed when the policemen volunteered to write their own short stories. They not only took great pains with plot and character, but with style and language. The stories were surprisingly well written, revealing an understanding of what a solid short story must contain: the revelation of character, the use of background description and language to create atmosphere and mood, the need to sustain suspense and get make each event as it occurs seem natural, the insight achieved either by the characters in the story or the reader or both. They tended to favor surprise endings. Some stories were sheer fantasies, or derived from previous reading, films, or television shows. Most wrote stories, obviously based on their own experiences, that revealed the amazing distance they must put between their personal lives and their work, which is part of the training for being a good cop. These stories, as well as their discussions of them, showed how coolly they judged their own weaknesses as well as the humor with which they accepted some of the difficulties or injustices of existence. Despite their authors’ unmistakable sense of irony and awareness of corruption, these stories demonstrated how clearly, almost naively, these police men wanted to continue to believe in some of the so-called American virtues — that courage is worth the effort and will be admired; that hard work will be rewarded; that life is somehow good; and that, despite the weariness, boredom, and occasional ugliness and danger, despite all their dislike of most of their routine and despite their own occasional grousing and complaints, they somehow did like being cops; that life, even in a chaotic and violent world, is worth it after all.21. Compared to the artist, the policeman is __ .A. aggressive and not passiveB. factual and not fancifulC. neutral and not prejudicedD. a man of action, not words22. Like writers, policemen must ___ .A. analyze situationsB. have an artistic bentC. behave coollyD. intervene quickly23. According to the author, policemen view their profession as .A. dangerous but adventuresomeB. full of corruptionC. full of routineD. worth the effortTEXT BBusiness in LiteratureLiterature is at once the most intimate and the most articulate of the arts. It cannot impart its effect through the senses or the nerves as the other arts can; it is beautiful only through the intelligence; it is the mind speaking to the mind; until it has been put into absolute terms, of an invariable significance, it does not exist at all. It cannot awaken this emotion in one, and that in another; if it fails to express precisely the meaning of the author, if it does not say him, it says nothing, and is nothing. So that when a poet has put his heart, much or little, into a poem, and sold it to a magazine, the scandal is greater than when a painter has sold a picture to a patron, or a sculptor has modeled a statue to order. These are artists less articulate and less intimate than the poet; they are more exterior to their work; they are less personally in it; they part with less of themselves in the dicker. It does not change the nature of the case to say that Tennyson and Longfellow and Emerson sold the poems in which they couched the most mystical messages their genius was charged to bear mankind. They submitted to the conditions which none can escape; but that does not justify the conditions, which are none the less the conditions of hucksters because they are imposed upon poets. If it will serve to make my meaning a little clearer, we will suppose that a poet has been crossed in love, or has suffered some real sorrow, like the loss of a wife or child. He pours out his broken heart in verse that shall bring tears of sacred sympathy from his readers, and an editor pays him a hundred dollars for the right of bringing his verse to their notice. It is perfectly true that the poem was not written for these dollars, but it is perfectly true that it was sold for them. The poet must use his emotions to pay his provision bills; he has no other means; society does not propose to pay his bills for him. Yet, and at the end of the ends, the unsophisticated witness finds the transaction ridiculous, finds it repulsive, finds it shabby. Somehow he knows that if our huckstering civilization did not at every moment violate the eternal fineness of things, the poet’s song would have been given to the world, and the poet would have been cared for by the whole human brotherhood, as any man should be who does the duty that every man owes it.The instinctive sense of the dishonor which money purchase does to art is so strong that sometimes a man of letters who can pay his way otherwise refuses pay for his work, as Lord Bryron did, for a while, from a noble pride, and as Count Tolstoy has tried to do, from a noble conscience. But Byron’s publisher profited by a generosity which did not reach his readers; and the Countess Tolstoy collects the copyright which her husband foregoes; so that these two eminent instances of protest against business in literature may be said not to have shaken its money basis. I know of no others; but there may be many that I am culpably ignorant of. Still, I doubt if there are enough to affect the fact that Literature is Bussiness as well as Art, and almost as soon. At present business is the only human solidarity; we are all bound together with that chain, whatever interests and tastes and principles separate us.24. The author implies that writers are ___ .A. huckstersB. profiting against their willC. incompetent businessmenD. not sufficiently paid for their work25. According to the author, Lord Byron ___ .A. refused payment for his workB. was well known in the business communityC. did not copyright his workD. combined business with literature26. The author of the passage implies that __ .A. writers should rebel against the business systemB. writers should not attempt to change societyC. society should subsidize artists and writersD. more writers should follow the example set by Lord ByronText CPetroleumPetroleum, like coal, is found in sedimentary rocks, and was probably formed form long-dead living organisms. The rocks in which it is found are almost always of ocean origin and the petroleum-forming organisms must have been ocean creatures rather than trees.Instead of originating in accumulating woody matter, petroleum may be the product of the accumulating fatty matter of ocean organisms such as plankton, the myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layers of the ocean.The fat of living organisms consists of atom combinations that are chiefly made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. It does not take much in the way of chemical change to turn that into petroleum. It is only necessary that the organisms settle down into the ooze underlying shallow arms of the ocean under conditions of oxygen shortage. Instead of decomposing and decaying, the fat accumulates, is trapped under further layers of ooze, undergoes minor rearrangements of atoms, and finally is petroleum.Petroleum is lighter than water and, being liquid, bends to ooze upward through the porous rock that covers it. There are regions on Earth where some reaches the surface and the ancients spoke of pitch, bitumen, or asphalt. In ancient and medieval times, such petroleum seepages were more often looked on as medicines rather than fuels.Of course, the surface seepages are in very minor quantities. Petroleum stores, however, are sometimes overlain with nonporous rock. The petroleum seeping upward reaches that rock and them remains below it in a slowly accumulating pool. If a hole can be drilled through the rock overhead, the petroleum can move up through the hole. Sometimes the pressure on the pool is so great that the petroleum gushes high into the air. The first successful drilling was carried through in 1859 in Titusville, Pennsylvania, by Edwin Drake.If one found the right spot then it was easy to bring up the liquid material. It was much easier to do that than to send men underground to chip out chunks of solid coal. Once the petroleum was obtained, it could be moved overland through pipes, rather than in fright trains that had to be laboriously loaded and unloaded, as was the case with coal.The convenience of obtaining and transporting petroleum encouraged its use. The petroleum could be distilled into separate fractions, each made up of molecules of a particular size. The smaller the molecules, the easier it was to evaporate the fraction.Through the latter half of the nineteenth century, the most important fraction of petroleum was “kerosene,” made up of middle-sized molecules that did not easily evaporate. Kerosene was used in lamps to give light.Toward the end of the nineteenth century, however, engines were developed which were powered by the explosions of mixtures of air and inflammable vapors within their cylinders. The most convenient inflammable vapor was that derived from “gasoline,” a petroleum fraction made up of small molecules and one that therefore vaporized easily.Such “internal combustion engines” are more compact that earlier steam engines and can be made to start at a moments’ notice, whereas steam engines require a waiting period while the water reserve warms to be boiling point.As automobiles, trucks, buses, and aircraft of all sorts came into use, each with internal combustion engines, the demand for petroleum zoomed upward. Houses began to be heated by burning fuel oil rather than coal. Ships began to use oil; electricity began to be formed from the energy of burning oil.In 1900, the energy derived from burning petroleum was only 4 percent that of coal. After World War II ,the energy derived from burning the various fractions of petroleum exceededthat of coal, and petroleum is not the chief fuel powering the world’s technology.The greater convenience of petroleum as compared with coal is, however, balanced by the fact that petroleum exist on Earth in far smaller quantities than coal does. (This is not surprising, since the fatty substances from which petroleum was formed are far less common on Earth than the woody substances from which coal was formed.)The total quantity of petroleum now thought to exist on Earth is about 14 trillion gallons. In weight that is only one-ninth as much as the total existing quantity of coal and, at the present moment, petroleum is being used up much more quickly. At the present rate of the use, the world’s supply of petroleum may last for only thirty years or so.There is another complication in the fact that petroleum is not nearly so evenly distributed as coal is. The major consumers of energy have enough local coal to keep going but are, however, seriously short of petroleum. The United Stated has 10 percent of the total petroleum reserves of the world in its own territory, and has been a major producer for decades. It still is, but its enormous consumption of petroleum products is now making it an oil importer, so that it is increasingly dependent on foreign nations for this vital resource. The Soviet Union has about as much petroleum as the United States, but it uses less, so it can be an exporter. Nearly three-fifths of all known petroleum reserves on Earth is to be found in the territory of the various Arabic-speaking countries. Kuwait, for instance, which is a small nation at the head of the Persian Gulf, with an area only three-fourths that of Massachusetts and a population of about half a million, possesses about one-fifth of all the known petroleum reserves in the world.The political problems this creates are already becoming crucial.27. Petroleum is unlike coal in the way .A. petroleum is found in sedimentary rocks and was probably formed from long-dead living organisms.B. once the petroleum was obtained, it could be moved overland in freight trains.C. petroleum is not nearly so evenly distributed as coal is.D. petroleum exists on Earth in far greater quantities than coal does.28. The use of petroleum is greatly encouraged by .A. the fact that petroleum is lighter than waterB. the fact that petroleum is the produce of the accumulating fatty matter of ocean organisms.C. the fact that obtaining and transporting petroleum is very convenient.D. the fact that the energy derived from burning petroleum is only 4 percent that of coal.29. Which of the following is a petroleum fraction made up of small molecules and one that therefore vaporized easily?A. kerosene.B. gasolineC. asphaltD. vaporTEXT DA New Working RevolutionA silent revolution is sweeping America. According to Terri Lonier, self-styled “Lenin”of this movement, more and more people are working outside traditional corporate structures. She says: “I believe we are witnessing the biggest change in working people’s lives since the industrial revolution.”More than one-sixth of America’s working-age population - close to 27 million people - do not owe allegiance to a single employer. According to Link Resources, a New York-based group that gathers statistics on market trends, the number will have risen to 36.5 million by the year 2001.These people work mainly from home, selling their skills in the open marketplace. Plumbers, electricians and house painters have been doing it for years. What is strikingly new is the sheer scale of a phenomenon that straddles the social classes and promises to redefine the nature of work in the 21st century.Whether their field is marketing, sales, advertising, journalism secretarial work, banking, catering or hi-tech, more and more people are discovering that possession of a saleable skill will provide them with the opportunity to go it alone, to shape their life free of thetraditional corporate grip.Terri Lonier’s mission is to spread the word; her business, Working Solo Inc, dispenses advice to individuals who wish to do it alone and to big businesses eager to tap into the pool of independent talent. Lonier has published two books — Working Solo and The Working Solo Sourcebook - and she is in constant demand as a lecturer. Unlike earlier revolutionaries, she does not need a live audience. Lonier works from home in the Hudson Valley, 70 miles north of New York. She reaches followers via her web site and has clients all over America, most of then a continent away in California’s Silicone Valley. It is no coincidence, she says, that the new working culture began to mushroom in the late 1980s and early 1990s,when personal computers became affordable to large groups of people: “Then in the last two years we’ve seen remarkable growth because of the Internet, which gives people the opportunity by creating their own web pages, to set up their own instant store fronts.”Dan Pink, until recently the chief speech writer for Vice President Al Gore, is aflesh-and-blood example of the capitalist New Man. A 33-year-old graduate of Yale Law School, Pink had been a resounding success at the political game in his 10 years in Washington DC. He could have expected to play a key note when Gore runs for the presidency in 2000, but, with pleasing symbolism, he chose 1997’s Independence Day, the fourth of July, to forsake the power and glory of the White House for the freedom and self-sufficiency of “The Pink House”.When we met over coffee at 11 o’clock one weekday morning following his resignation, Pink -sporting a loose sweater over a T-shirt- said that as a work environment the White House was probably better than the average Fortune 500 firm. “But there were still the office politics....” During a leisurely 90-minute conversation he explained: “Now, I have a better correlation between labor and reward. I make more money-twice as much as before.”The new Pink works from home as a freelance journalist and occasional speech writer While writing a major article for Fast Company, a magazine dedicated to reporting new trends in business, he travelled 7,000 miles around the United States, interviewing dozens of those 27 million self-employed people. He has become a leading authority on the rise of “free agents,” as he calls them.“This has happened extremely quietly. People have privately been making individual decisions; it’s happened below the political and media radar screens. Yet the collective force of it is gigantic. Traditional jobs will not be the only way we organize work in the future; soon they may not even be the most common way.” What beckons is a redefinition of the role of unions, of pensions and health benefits-and of politics itself.Computer technology may have provided the tools for individuals to work alone, but, according to Pink, the engine of the free agent revolution has been the fundamental change in relations between workers and employers. Until recently, employees who put up with indignities at work consoled themselves that “at least” they could count on a pay cheque to cover their mortgages, their children’s educations, their retirement. Now that consolation has gone, but the curious consequence is that the successful free agent life is more secure than that of the successful employee.Lonier has reached the same conclusion as Pink. “What we have today is not job security but skills security,” she says, “Being an individual entrepreneur, you are a lot more secure because you can diversify your income. If the company decides they no longer want you, you’re at ground zero. If you work independently, you have many clients; your business is more resistant to market change.”30. Which of the following is more possible to be stated by Dan Pink in an interview?A. If an employer offered me two million dollars a year to read newspapers all day, I might go back to work for him.B. Even for two million dollars I don’t think I’d give up what I now have.C. I can imagine a job that would lure me away from a free agent.D. Working freely is the most terrible thing that had ever happened to them, because I feel un-secure.31.According to the passage what the old working system is?A. People are to work mainly from home, selling their skills in the open marketplace.B. More than one-sixth of America’s working-age population do not owe loyalty to a single employer.C. People are to seek skills security instead of job security.D. People remain in one company for one employer and count on a pay cheque to cover their mortgages, their children’s educations, their retirement.32. According to Terri Lonier, we are witnessing the biggest change in working people’s lives since the industrial revolution becauseA. personal computers become affordable to large groups of people.B. the Internet has remarkable growth.C. the workplace’s regulations have been changed.D. the nature of work has the different connotation.Text EThe banners are packed, the tickets booked. The glitter and white overalls have been bought, the gas masks just fit and the mobile phones are ready. All that remains is to get to the parties.This week will see a feast of pan-European protests. It started on Bastille Day, last Saturday, with the French unions and immigrants on the streets and the first demonstrations in Britain and Germany about climate change. It will continue tomorrow and Thursday with environmental and peace rallies against President Bush. But the big one is in Genoa, on Friday and Saturday, where the G8 leaders will meet behind the lines of 18,000 heavily armed police.Unlike Prague, Gothenburg, Cologne or Nice, Genoa is expected to be Europe’s Seattle, the coming together of the disparate strands of resistance to corporate globalization. Neither the protesters nor the authorities know what will happen, but some things are predictable. Yes, there will be violence and yes, the mass media will focus on it. What should seriously concern the G8 is not so much the violence, the numbers in the streets or even that they themselves look like idiots hiding behind the barricades, but that the deep roots of a genuine new version of internationalism are growing.For the first time in a generation, the international political and economic condition is in the dock. Moreover, the protesters are unlikely to go away, their confidence is growing rather than waning, their agendas are merging, the protests are spreading and drawing in all ages and concerns.No single analysis has drawn all the strands of the debate together. In the mean time, the global protest “movement” is developing its own language, texts, agendas, myths, heroes and villains. Just as the G8 leaders, world bodies and businesses talk increasingly from the same script, so the protesters’ once disparate political and social analyses are converging. The long-term project of governments and world bodies to globalize capital and development is being mirrored by the globalization of protest.But what happens next? Governments and world bodies are unsure which way to turn. However well they are policed, major protests reinforce the impression of indifferent elites, repression of debate, overreaction to dissent, injustice and unaccountable power.Their options — apart from actually embracing the broad agenda being put to them — are to retreat behind even higher barricades, repress dissent further, abandon global meetings altogether or, more likely, meet only in places able to physically resist the masses. Brussels is considering building a super fortress for international meetings. Genoa may be the last of the European super-protests.33. According to the context, the word “parties” at the end of the first paragraph refers to .A. the meeting of the G8 leadersB. the protests on Bastille DayC. the coming pan-European protestsD. the big protest to be held in Genoa34. According to the passage, economic globalization is paralleled by .A. the emerging differences in the global protest movementB. the disappearing differences in the global protest movementC. the growing European concern about globalizationD. the increase in the number of protesters35. According to the last paragraph, what is Brussels considering doing?A. Meeting in places difficult to reach.B. Further repressing dissent.C. Accepting the protesters’ agenda.D. Abandoning global meetings.Part Three: Translation (20%).Directions: Please translate the following passage into Chinese.In ordinary language we describe by the word “planning” the complex of interrelated decisions about the allocation of our available resources. All economic activity is in this sense planning; and in any society in which many people collaborate, this planning, whoever does it, will in some measure have to be based on knowledge which, in the first instance, is not given to the planner but to somebody else, which somehow will have to be conveyed to the planner. The various ways in which the knowledge on which people base their plans is communicated to them is the crucial problem for any theory explaining the economic process, and the problem of what is the best way of utilizing knowledge initially dispersed among all the people is at least one of the main problems of economic policy — or of designing an efficient economic system.Part Four: English Writing (30%)Please write a short essay in at least 200 words on the topic of “Should Cyber-police Guard the Internet?”. You may choose your own title for your essay.。
华东师范大学翻译硕士MTI真题
华东师范大学翻译硕士MTI真题1.词语与句子翻译(共30分)请将下列汉语短语翻译成英语(10分)1)打造中国经济的升级版2)转变政府职能3)扩大全方位主动开放4)中国上海自由贸易试验区5)宏观调控方式6)绿水青山7)改革红利8)反腐倡廉9)证券交易所10)增强社会创造力请将下列英语短语或句子翻译成汉语(20分)11) China’s vulgar rich: befriended but unloved.12) The Sochi 2014 torch is based on motifs from Russian folklore and ideas of innovation and technological breakthroughs.13) The Chinese garden is primarily not a single wide open space, but is divided into corridors and courts, in which buildings, and not plant life, dominate.14) All writing depends on the generosity of the reader. (Alberto Manguel)15) Calligraphy as writing and as art.16) If I felJ through the earth, what would happen in the center?17) Book of the Times: The Invisible Man.18) In 1963, most Americans did not yet believe that gender equality was possible or even desirable.19) But the innovation failed to catch the public imagination and sales were painfully slow. Microsoft was on the back foot.20) It is no wonder the island (The Philippine island of Boracay) has been featured in a variety of publications, and it’s a top beach destination on the popular Internet travel site tripadvisor. com.2.汉译英(60分)中国佛教建筑的发展可以追溯到佛教在汉代被引入中国时。
英语语言文学参考答案
英语语言文学参考答案一、选择题1. A. 正确。
这个选项符合英语语法规则，其他选项在语法或语义上存在错误。
2. C. 正确。
这个选项是正确的词汇搭配，符合语境。
3. B. 正确。
这个选项是正确的时态用法，其他选项时态不正确。
4. D. 正确。
这个选项是正确的固定短语搭配。
5. A. 正确。
这个选项是正确的介词使用。
二、填空题6. The correct form of the verb is "is" because the subject "knowledge" is singular and uncountable.7. The appropriate preposition to use is "with" to indicate accompaniment.8. The past tense of "go" is "went," which is required here to describe a past action.9. The comparative form of "big" is "bigger," which is needed to make a comparison.10. The superlative form of "beautiful" is "most beautiful," which is used to describe the highest degree of beauty among a group.三、阅读理解11. A. 根据文章第一段，可以得出正确答案。
12. C. 文章第二段提到了相关信息，支持这个选项。
13. B. 根据文章第三段的描述，这个选项是正确的。
14. D. 文章最后一段提供了这个问题的答案。
2006 考研英语阅读真题翻译
2006 text 1不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论差别，美国社会实际上是一台同化人们的神奇的机器。
这就是民主化的着装和话语的统一以及十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所发起的随意消费及没有消费的活动。
他们不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设亲情商店，而是创建了“不分阶层和背景人人都可以进入”的大众商店。
这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为。
大众传媒、广告和体育也是协助人们均质化的推动力。
尽管这种文化一点也不高雅，但也不是完全有害的，移民们很快就融入了这种共同文化。
Gregory Rodriguez为美国移民研讨会撰文指出，今天的移民既不是处于空前的水平，也不抵制同化。
在1998年，移民占全国人口的9.8%；在1900年为13.6%。
在1990年以前的十年之中，在每千位居民当中，有3.1位新来的移民；而在1890年以前的十年之中，每千位居民当中就有9.2位移民。
现在，让我们来看一下三个同化指标——语言、拥有产权住房和异族结婚情况。
1990年的人口普查透露：“来自十五个移民数量最多的国家的移民在到美国十年后英语说得…好‟或…很好‟。
”移民的子女几乎都说两种语言，且精通英语。
“到了第三代，在大多数移民家庭，他们的母语就消失了。
”因此，有人就把美国描述成了“语言的坟场”。
到了1965年，出生于国外的、在1970年以前到达美国的移民有75.6%购置了自己的住房，这个数字高出土生土长的美国人的拥有自己所有权住房的百分比——69.8%。
在国外出生的亚裔和西班牙裔移民“与美国本土白人和黑人相比，与异族通婚的比率要高。
”到了第三代，有三分之一的西班牙裔女性与非西班牙裔男性结婚，而有41%亚裔美国妇女与非亚裔男性结婚。
Rodriguez注意到，世界边远地区的儿童是诸如阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加斯·布鲁克斯等超级明星的星迷，而“一些美国人担心生活在美国的移民在某种程度上并不受美国的同化力量的影响。
华东师范大学研究生英语综合班期末考试翻译-Down and Out in Paris and London
Unit 2 Down and Out in Paris and London巴黎、伦敦落魄记You discover the extreme precariousness of your six francs a day. Mean disasters happen and rob you of food. You have spent your last eighty centimes on half a litre of milk, and are boiling it over the spirit lamp. While it boils a bug runs down your forearm; you give the bug a flick with your nail, and it falls, plop! straight into the milk. There is nothing for it but to throw the milk away and go foodless.你发现每天的六法郎根本没有保障。
一些意想不到的灾难就会掠夺你的一日三餐。
你花最后的八十生丁买了半升牛奶，然后在酒精灯上把它煮沸。
煮牛奶时，一只臭虫跳到你的前臂上；你用指甲弹开臭虫，扑通一声，它掉进了牛奶。
你无可奈何，只好把牛奶倒了，这样又得继续饿着肚子。
You go to the baker’s to buy a pound of bread, and you wait while the girl cuts a pound for another customer. She is clumsy, and cuts more than a pound. “Pardon, monsieur,” she says, “I suppose you don’t mind paying two sous extra?” Bread is a franc a pound, and you have exactly a franc. When you think that you might be asked to pay two sous extra, and would have to confess that you could not, you bolt in panic. It is hours before you dare venture into a baker’s shop again.你去面包房买了一磅面包，面包房里的姑娘为另外一个顾客切面包时，你在一旁等着。
翻译考研华东师大805文学与翻译考研配套考研真题集
翻译考研华东师大805文学与翻译考研配套考研真题集一、华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Translate into Chinese the following extract from “The Rose,”written by Logan Pearsall Smith in 1918.The old lady had always been proud of the great rose-tree in her garden, and was fond of telling how it had grown from a cutting she had brought years before from Italy, when she was first married. She and her husband had been travelling back in their carriage from Rome (it was before the time of railways) and on a bad piece of road south of Siena they had broken down, and had been forced to pass the night in a little house by the road-side. The accommodation was wretched of course; she had spent a sleepless night, and rising early had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. She could still, after all these years, remember the blue mountains with the bright moon above them, and how a far-off town on one of the peaks had gradually grown whiter and whiter, till the moon faded, the mountains were touched with the pink of the rising sun, and suddenly the town was lit as by an illumination, one window after another catching and reflecting the sun’s beam, till at last the whole little city twinkled and sparkled up in the sky like a nest of stars.That morning, finding they would have to wait while their carriage was being repaired, they had driven in a local conveyance up to the city on the mountain, where they had been told they would find better quarters; and there they had stayed two or three days.The Cafe of the simple inn where they stayed was the meeting place of the notabilities of the little city; and among them they noticed a beautiful, slim, talkative old man, with bright black eyes and snow-white hair—tall and straight and still with the figure of a youth, although the waiter told them with pride that the Conte was molto vecchio—would in fact be eighty in the following year. He was the last of his family, the waiter added—they had once been great and rich people—but he had no descendants; in fact the waiter mentioned with complacency, as if it were a story on which the locality prided itself, that the Conte had been unfortunate in love, and had never married.The old gentleman, however, seemed cheerful enough; and it was plain that he took an interest in the strangers, and wished to make their acquaintance. This was soon effected by the friendly waiter; and after a little talk the old man invited them to visit his villa and garden which were just outside the walls of the town. So the next afternoon, when the sun began to descend, and they saw in glimpses through door-ways and windows, blue shadows beginning to spread over the brown mountains, they went to pay their visit. It was not much of a place, a small,modernized, stucco villa, with a hot pebbly garden, and in it a stone basin with torpid gold-fish, and a statue of Diana and her hounds against the wall. But what gave a glory to it was a gigantic rose-tree which clambered over the house, almost smothering the windows, and filling the air with the perfume of its sweetness. Yes, it was a fine rose, the Conte said proudly when they praised it, and he would tell the Signora about it. And as they sat there, drinking the wine he offered them, he alluded with the cheerful indifference of old age to his love-affair, as though he took for granted that they had heard of it already.Notes:1. Siena: name of an Italian town2. Conte: (Italian) Earl3. molto vecchio: (Italian) very old4. Signora: (Italian) madam【参考译文】老太太总以自家花园里那棵高大的玫瑰树为荣。
英译汉历年真题全文翻译(2002--2006
2006年真题参考ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ文
美国知识分子真的受到排斥，并且被认为对社会没有一点价值了吗?我要告诉大家的是，事实并非如此，布鲁克伯杰神父曾一语道破部分真相，他认为是知识分子抛弃了美国。但是知识分子的所作所为更为过火，他们已经对自己作为知识分子的角色变得深感不满。反对知识分子的是他们自己，而不是美国。
人类学研究十分重视文化概念。爱德华·泰勒爵士提出的文化概念是19世纪科学中伟大的学术成就之一。(64)泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合体，它包括人作为社会成员获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯。”这种见解简单而深刻，为认识和理解人类生活提供了一种全新的方法。泰勒的定义中隐含了一个概念，那就是文化是通过学习获得的、人类共有的、模式化的行为。
(49)不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌"绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性选择——即在欧洲制作出为欧洲服务的节目。这就要求我们减少对北美市场的依赖，因为他们的节目涉及的经历和文化传统与我们的大不相同。
要想达到这些目的，我们必须更加注重联合制作、新闻交换、文献服务和培训，同时还要求欧洲各国就建立欧洲电视制作银行达成一致意见，这个电视制作银行将以欧洲投资银行为榜样，为电视制作解决必要的资金问题。(50)在应对如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说：“如果团结，我们就成功；如果分裂，我们就失败。”——如果我必须选一句口号，那就是“同中存异”：目标一致，但同时尊重每个国家各自的特性。
直到最近语言学家们才开始认真研究那些与他们自己的语言大不相同的语言。在20世纪上半叶，两位人类语言学家——法兰士·博阿斯和爱德华·萨丕尔成了研究南美和北美多种地方语言的创始人。(62)我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱)，是因为在此以后，这些语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡，或是被同化，从而丧失了自己的本族语言。然而，本世纪更早一些时候的其他语言学家对他们却不一定那么感激，因为他们对那些来自奇异语言的古怪资料不那么有研究兴趣。(63)那些新近描述的语言与得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言通常是如此明显地不同，以至于有些学者甚至指责博格斯和萨丕尔编造了材料。美洲各种地方语言的理解互不相同，其差别之大实际上可令纳瓦霍语在第二次世界大战期间被美军用来作密电码使用。
专八翻译 2006-2009 真题和译文,第二部分,英译中
TEM-8 2006 TRANSLATIONSECTION 2(On May 13 , 1940 , Winston Churchill , the newly appointed British Prime Minister , gave his first speech to Parliament . He was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression , at a time when England’s survival was still in doubt .) “... I have nothing to offer but blood , toil , tears , and sweat . We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind . We have before us many , many , months of struggle and suffering .You ask , what is our policy ? I say it is to wage war by land , sea , and air . War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us , and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime .You ask , what is our aim ? I can answer in one word . It is victory . Victory at all that the British Empire has stood for , no survival for the urge , the impulse of the ages , that mankind shall move forward toward his goal .I take up my task in buoyancy and hope . I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men . I feel entitled at this juncture , at this time , to claim the aid of all to say , ‘Come then , let us go forward together with our united strength ‘. ”TEM-8 2006 TRANSLATIONSECTION 2我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。
2006年华东师范大学博士生英语试卷1
华东师范大学2006年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语Paper One注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line throughthe center.1. Police believe that many burglars are amateurs who would flee if an alarm sounded orlights .A. came outB. came onC. came toD. came down2. Mr. Jenkins drove along at his usual high speed for police cars in his mirrorfrom time to time to make sure he was safe.A. pulling outB. running throughC. going aheadD. watching out3. Miss Tracy moved to New York in the early 1960s, apparently to escape jealous friendswho were becoming increasingly of her success.A. delightfulB. gracefulC. resentfulD. respectful4. In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies; in practice, theymust conform to a global economic model or risk being by the market.A. replacedB. overlookedC. saturatedD. penalized5. Mrs. Black finds that her piano has always had the magic power of taking her awayfrom the grim realities of daily life and her to fairyland of her own once she started to play.A. transformingB. transportingC. transplantingD. transcending6. It is hard to think of a field in which it is not important to what is likelyto happen and act accordingly.A. look outB. figure outC. turn outD. point out7. At about the same time, some black Christians walked in protest out of churches wherethey were forced to worship in sections.A. segregatedB. sustainedC. connectedD. engaged8. San Francisco climbs and falls over numerous hills, which provides views of thewide bay and the Golden Gate Bridge.A. flashyB. transientC. breathtakingD. ambiguous9. Martin Luther King, Jr. persuaded his followers to bring the of the AmericanNegroes to the attention of the United Nations, but they did not act very effectively.A. conspiracyB. pledgeC. plightD. compulsion10. Even though strong evidence has proved the nicotine to be , the tobacco companystill insists that its products are harmless.A. solubleB. deficientC. addictiveD. skeptical11. Prof. Flynn found no students in the lecture hall when he arrived. Only then did he realizethat he came early.A. too muchB. so muchC. much tooD. much so12. I wanted to be sure a sudden emergency that we gave the right advice.A. on account ofB. in case ofC. at the risk ofD. in spite of13. in India, the banana was brought to the Americas by the Portuguese who foundit in Africa.A. Originally cultivatedB. Having originally cultivatedC. Originally being cultivatedD.Although it originally cultivated14. It was the end of my exhausting first day as a waitress, and I really appreciatedtime to relax.A. to haveB. havingC. to have hadD. of having15. We’ve just installed central heating, should make a tremendous difference tothe house next winter.A. whatB. thatC. itD. which16. So fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.A.has light traveledB.light travelsC.does light travelD.travels light17. she was living in Paris that she met her husband Terry.A. Just whenB. It was whileC. Soon afterD. During the time when18. While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest theyby the local bandits.A. be attackedB. must be attackedC. were attackedD.would be attacked19. The police chief announced that the deaths of two young girls would soon be inquired .A. aboutB. ofC. intoD. after20. They were more than glad to leave their cars parked and walked a change.A. asB. forC. toD. byPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the center.(1)When the brash British raider Sir James Goldsmith calculated that U. S. timberland was a tempting prize, he launched a $500-million bid to take over San Francisco’s Crown Zellerbach paper company in order to grab the corporation’s vast forests. As a result, Goldsmith owns 1.9 million acres of forests in Washington State, Oregon, Mississippi and Louisiana.The United States seems to have become a country for sale. Foreign ownership in the United States, including everything from real estate to securities, rose to a remarkable $ 1.33 trillion last year, up 25.5 percent from the previous year. Foreign investors now own 46 percent of the commercial real estate in downtown Los Angeles, 39 percent in downtown Houston, 32 percent in downtown Minneapolis and 21 percent in downtown Manhattan.Esteemed U. S. corporate nameplates have been changing citizenship at a rapid clip. Smith & Wesson handguns have gone to the British. General Electric television sets have been bought by the French, Carnation foods by the Swiss, General Tire by the West Germans.In fact, the question of what is truly America has become befuddling. The British, who burned Washington in 1814, have built or bought an estimated $773 million in District of Columbia property, including ownership of the famed Watergate complex. And what about breakfast (or a diamond ring) at Tiffany, or drinks in the cultured atmosphere of Manhattan’s Algonquin Hotel? Those vintage landmark buildings are now Japanese possessions.The reasons for the rush to buy are abundantly clear. The U. S. dollar has plunged more than 50 percent in value during the past three years against such major foreign currencies as the Japanese yen, the West German mark and the British pound. The result is that everything with a dollar-denominated price tag has looked like a tremendous steal to holders of stronger currencies.Japanese bargain shoppers increasingly cover neglected American gambling casinos. In April last year, Ginji Yasuda, a Korean-born Japanese, bought the 1100-room Aladdin Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas for $ 54 million and reopened it after spending another $30 million to restore its glitzy décor. Says Yasuda: “You have a lot of dreams still available in this country that you don’t have in Japan.” He plans to shuttle customers from Japan in a posh jet equipped with sleeping cabins.Wile the Japanese have largely shied away from takeovers of major U. S. industrialcorporations, at least partly in fear of a public relations backlash, the least inhibited bidders have been the British. They committed more than $27 billions last year to U. S. takeovers.21. Sir James Goldsmith owns vast forests in the United States because .A. he is a relentless raiderB. he has been awarded a grand prizeC. he has taken over a U. S. paper companyD. he has a number of corporations in Washington State22. Foreign ownership of the commercial real estate in downtown Los Angeles was 14 percentmore than it was .A. in downtown San FranciscoB. in downtown HoustonC. in downtown ManhattanD. in downtown Minneapolis23. In the United States, the British have already come into possession of .A. the Watergate complex and General TireB. General Electric and General TireC. Manhattan’s Algonquin Hotel and the Watergate complexD. Smith & Wesson and the Watergate complex24. Judging from the context the phrase “a tremendous steal” in Paragraph 5 means.A. something extremely cheapB. something too expensiveC. something worth buyingD. something dangerous but profitable25. According to the passage, the Japanese investors .A. have been slow in making large investments in land in the United StatesB. have showed more interest in US major industrial corporations than in gambling housesC. are not so bold as the British in taking over major US industrial corporationsD. have proved themselves the least inhibited bidders in the United States(2)Ever since the Industrial Revolution brought workers from small shops into factories, supervision have been required. Only during the last hundred years, however, has industrial management grown into a highly organized set of modern methods for achieving efficiency. Thus, management is a new human history, and it has already become vitally important for the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies.Efficiency means getting results with the least possible waste of time, effort, and money. Therefore, efficiency is the aim of all management, both puplic and private. In private business, efficiency can be measured by profit, the surplus of income over expenditures.The manager’s a job, then, is to get people to do things efficiently. The top manager manages other managers, chooses and trains them, plans their operations, and checks the results. All managers have practical complex problems, but they utilize methods based on a growing body of knowledge. Shop managers carry out time and motion studies to improve workers’efficiency, and foremen give on-the-job training to workers. Industrial managers employ specialists to keep machines working properly and to ensure the supply of spare parts. The flow of work is supervised to avoid any unplanned idleness of workers of equipment. Each step in manufacturing is planned in detail, and the cost of each step is carefully calculated. Supervisors consult experts regularly in order to master new techniques. Personnel managers have learned to obtain greater efficiency from workers by providing rest periods and by improving morale through better heating, lighting, safety devices, cafeterias, and recreation facilities – even when these have not been demanded by labor unions. The use of modern electronic devices had led to increasing automation, in which many automatic machines function without any need for human labor.Scientific management methods have spread to all branches of industry – not only manufacturing, but also accounting, finance, marketing, and other office work. There areplanning systems, organization systems and control systems. Within these there are other systems for delegation of authority, budgeting, information feedback for control, and so on. The essence of all the functions of management is coordination, the harmonious combination of all individual efforts for the achievement of the objectives of the enterprise.26. From the first paragraph, we know that .A. industrial management depends on the success of all kinds of businesses and ofnational economiesB. industrial management is indispensable to the successes of all kinds of businessesand of national economiesC. the success of all kinds of businesses and of national economies has nothing to dowith industrial managementD. industrial management did not develop until the last fifty years27. The top manager .A. is responsible for selecting other managers and help them do things efficientlyB. gets other managers to choose and train themselvesC. manages other managers’ operationsD. learns new techniques from other managers28. All managers employ .A. various methods to solve their practical and complex problemsB. specialists to keep machines working properlyC. workers who give on-the-job trainingD. advisers to handle practical and complex problems29. Personnel managers provide rest periods, safety devices, recreation facilities, etc. _______.A. because the labor unions demand themB. just to improve the workers’moraleC. to obtain greater efficiency from workersD. to ensure the good working conditions30. The essence of all management functions is .A. to combine individual efforts to achieve the objectives of the enterpriseB. the coordination of the functions of managementC. the harmonious coordination of organization efforts for the achievement ofindividual objectivesD. to coordinate the systems for planning, organization and control(3)The genetic characteristics of all life forms on earth are embodied in the chemical structure of DNA molecules. An organism’s DNA molecules provide a complete blueprint forits physical makeup. Genetic engineering is the process of altering the DNA genetic codeto change the characteristics of plants and animals. Through the process, scientists can literally build to order new life forms that perform desired functions. For hundreds of years, humans have engineered the development of food crops and domesticated animals through selective breeding practices. For example, the modern dairy cow is the result of centuriesof carefully breeding individual animals that carried the genetic trait for high milk production. However, new technology makes it possible for scientists to restructure the DNA molecules themselves and thus obtain more rapid and more radical genetic changes than were possible in the past. This new process is commonly called recombinant DNA technology or gene splicing because it involves disassembling the DNA molecule and then recombining or splicing the pieces according to a new pattern. The genespliced DNA molecule may have a genetic code that has never existed before.Although recombinant DNA technology is still in its infancy, it has already demonstratedits value. New crop breeds produced by his process are already growing in farmers’fields. Crops that are genetically engineered to resist pests, diseases, and drought could be important in efforts to alleviate starvation around the world. Scientists are trying to use genetic engineering to produce important drugs such as insulin and interferon cheaply. They are also working on a genetically engineered generation of wonder drugs to combat cancer and other killer diseases. However, the recombinant DNA technology brings with it problems our society has not previously faced. Gene splicing could produce new disease microorganisms, deadly to us or to the plants and animals upon which we depend. The possibility of altering human genetic structure raises serious moral, political, and social issues. Genetic engineering illustrates dramatically the promises and dangers of technological development. The decisions our society makes about genetic engineering will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in the years to come.31. The best title for this passage is .A. The Basic Function of Genetic EngineeringB. New Applications of Genetic EngineeringC. Recombinant DNA Technology, A New Process in Genetic EngineeringD. The Promises & Dangers of Technological Development32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about recombinant DNA technology?A. It can bring about rapid and radical genetic changes in life forms.B. It can be used to restructure DNA molecules to produce new desired plant and animalbreeds.C. It may increase the risk of producing some unexpected diseases.D. It proves an effective way to cure cancer and other incurable diseases.33. The word “alleviate” in paragraph 2 is nearest in meaning to .A. relieveB. avoidC. eliminateD. terminate34. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. there will inevitably be a heated debate over the general application of therecombinant DNA technologyB. the use of the recombinant DNA technology on human beings will be forbiddenC. the recombinant DNA technology can be traced back to hundreds of years agoD. serious dilemmas may be generated when it is used to modify human genetic code35. The author’s attitude towards genetic technologies is .A. enthusiasticB. indifferentC. criticalD. objective(4)The word for “The Da Vinci Code”is a rare invertible palindrome. Rotated 180 degrees on a horizontal axis so that it is upside down, it denotes the maternal essence that is sometimes linked to the sport of soccer. Read right side up, it concisely conveys the kind of extreme enthusiasm with which this riddle-filled, code-breaking, exhilaratingly brainy thriller can be recommended. That word is wow.The author is Dan Brown (a name you will want to remember). In this gleefully erudite suspense novel, Mr. Brown takes the format he has been developing through three earlier novels and fine-tunes it to blockbuster perfection. Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops. Consider the new book’s prologue, set in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre. (This is the kind of book that notices that this one gallery’s length is three times that of the Washington Monument.) It embroils a Caravaggio, an albino monk and a curator in a fight to the death. That’s scene leaving little doubt that the author knows how to pique interest, as the curator, Jacques Sauniere, fights for his life.Desperately seizing the painting in order to activate the museum’s alarm system, Sauniere succeeds in buying some time. And he uses these stolen moments? Which are his last? To take off his clothes, draw a circle and arrange himself like the figure in Leonardo’smost famous drawing, “The Vitruvian Man.”And to leave behind an anagram and Fibonacci’s famous numerical series as clues.Whatever this is about, it is enough to summon Langdon, who by now, he blushes to recall, has been described in an adoring magazine article as “Harrison Ford in Harris tweed.”Langdon’s latest manuscript, which “proposed some very unconventional interpretations of established religious iconography which would certainly be controversial,” is definitely germane.Also soon on the scene is the cryptologist Sophie Neveu, a chip off the author’s earlier prototypes: “Unlike the cookie-cutter blondes that adorned Harvard dorm room walls, this woman was healthy with an unembellished beauty and genuineness that radiated a striking personal confidence.”Even if he had not contrived this entire story as a hunt for the Lost Sacred Feminine essence, women in particular would love Mr. Brown.The book moves at a breakneck pace, with the author seeming thoroughly to enjoy his contrivances. Virtually every chapter ends with a cliffhanger: not easy, considering the amount of plain old talking that gets done. And Sophie and Langdon are sent on the run, the better to churn up a thriller atmosphere. To their credit, they evade their pursuers as ingeniously as they do most everything else.When being followed via a global positioning system, for instance, it is smart to send the sensor flying out a 40-foot window and lead pursuers to think you have done the same. Somehow the book manages to reconcile such derring-do with remarks like, “And did you know that if you divide the number of female bees by the number of male bees in any beehive in the world, you always get the same number?”“The Da Vinci Code”is breezy enough even to make fun of its characters’own cleverness. At one point Langdon is asked by his host whether he has hidden a sought-after treasure carefully enough. “Actually,” Langdon says, unable to hide his grin, “that depends on how often you dust under your couch.”36. Why does the author use the word “wow” to describe the novel The Da Vinci Code?A. Because the word reads the same backwards.B. Because it is also linked to the sport of football.C. Because the novel is imbued with perplexing enigmas and smartly wrought.D. Because the novel is a bestseller.37. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. Dan Brown, author of “The Da Vinci Code” has published so far four novels.B. The Da Vinci Code begins with a mysterious murder case in the Gallery of Luvre.C. In his earlier novels, Dan Brown has created characters like Sophie Neveu.D. The Da Vinci Code wins the popularity among women because Dan Brown is afervent feminist.38. It can be inferred from the passage that Harry Potter is all the following EXCEPT.A. It is also a bestseller around the worldB. It attracts readers with heart-throbbing suspenseC. It is characterized by hoax and unreliable plotsD. It has achieved immense popularity with readers39. The major factor that contributes to the success of The Da Vinci Code is .A. the engrossing prologueB. the depiction of the female protagonist Sophie NeveuC. the breakneck pace and a cliffhanger at the end of almost every chapterD. the colorful description of the cleverness of the characters40. The author’s attitude towards “The Da Vince Code” is .A. criticalB. indifferentC. affirmativeD. sarcasticPaper Two(注意：以下各题的答案必须写在Answer Sheet II上)Part III Cloze (10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet II.It was during the nineteenth century that the rapid development of the heat engine took place, and with ever increasing power at the disposal of man, the mechanical age began. The demand 41 more and more power as new industries evolved created a great incentive for invention. At first, attention was solely devoted to practical improvement, but 42 the trend was more toward philosophical reasoning, with a result that engineers found 43 necessary to review their fundamental ideas. It was seen that the consideration of practical detail 44 was insufficient in the attempt to produce more efficient machines. Theoretical reasoning was also necessary, and it was through the work of men such as Carnot, Gibbs and others, 45 the theoretical study developed. The 46 of their philosophy and the skill of the craftsmen, together with the ingenuity of the practical engineers, resulted 47 progressively more efficient engines.48 with the prime movers of the nineteenth century, our present-day engines and power plants are very efficient. Nevertheless, design and development engineers are continually striving to produce even more efficient machines. In this task they must engage in conflict 49 the restrictions which Nature imposes upon energy conversion processes, and they must be 50 with the knowledge which is gained from the study of the subject of Thermodynamics. Part IV Translation (15%)Directions: Put the following passage into English.现在教育和就业的距离正在拉大。