现在分词
现在分词
• 一、现在分词的定义 • 现在分词是动词的另一种非限定形式。 它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可 以带宾语或受状语修饰。现在分词和宾 语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。 • 二、现在分词的基本形式 • 现在分词构成。 V+-ing • 现在分词有一般式和完成式，及物动词 的现在分词有主动态和被动态。其形式 如下：
• 在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等动词 后，既可以用现在分词构成复合 宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾 语。 • 两者的差别在于：用现在分词时， 表示动作正在发生或进行，其含 义相当于进行时态；用不定式表 示动作已经发生，动作的过程已 经结束。
• I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼 了。(比较：He went upstairs.) • （看见他上楼整个过程，说明他上 楼这件事。） • I saw him going upstairs. • 我看见他走上楼。 • (比较：He was going upstairs.) • （我看见他正在向楼上走去，说明 他上楼的情况。）
• （4）结果 • Her mother died in 1969,leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters. • 1969年她母亲死了，给她丢下4个弟妹。 • The child fell,striking his head against the door and cutting it. • 哪个小孩摔了一跤，头让门碰破了。 • (5)条件 • Turning to the right(=If you turn to the right),you will find the place you want. • 往右转弯，你就会找到你要找的地方了
现在分词知识点
现在分词知识点
1. 你知道现在分词可以用来表示正在进行的动作吗？就像“I am reading a book.”中的“reading”就是现在分词，表示我正在读书呢！
2. 嘿，现在分词在描述同时发生的动作时超有用哦！比如说“She sat there crying.”，这里的“crying”就形象地表达了她坐在那里同时哭着的情景呀，是不是挺神奇的？
3. 哇哦，现在分词还能构成各种短语呢！像“Looking at the sky, I feel so relaxed.”中的“Looking at the sky”就是个现在分词短语，看着天空，我感到好放松啊！
4. 哎呀呀，现在分词可以让句子更生动形象嘞！像“He came running towards me.”中的“running”就比直接说“He came towards me.”要生动多啦！
5. 嘿，你想想看，现在分词在句子里就像是个小精灵，能让描述更鲜活呢！好比“Hearing the news, she jumped with joy.”听到这个消息，她高兴得跳起来啦，这里的“Hearing”多有意思呀！
6. 哇，现在分词在强调某个持续的动作时也很棒呀！比如“She kept talking all the time.”，“talking”就让人知道她一直在不停地说呢，是不是很厉害？
7. 咦，现在分词和其他词性搭配起来也超酷的哟！像“They are busy doing their homework.”中的“doing”和“busy”一起就很好地表达出他们正忙于做作业呢！
8. 哟呵，现在分词真的很有趣很重要呀！我们说话、写作都离不开它呢！所以要好好掌握它呀！。
现在分词
现在分词现在分词表示：主动，进行。
（一）现在分词的时态现在分词分一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。
Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。
常作状语。
一般不做定语，若表达完成意义最好用定语从句。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.（二）现在分词的被动式被动一般式being done 一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，被动完成式having been done完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.（三）现在分词的否定形式由not+分词构成，Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.四．现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.注：a.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed;the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.b.分词修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后。
现在分词
现在分词一、现在分词的定义现在分词是动词的另一种非限定形式。
它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。
现在分词和宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。
二、现在分词的基本形式现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。
现在分词有一般式和完成式，及物动词的现在分词有注意：现在分词的否定形式：not放在分词的前面，构成“not + 分词”结构。
三、现在分词的句法功能现在分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补足语和状语。
1. 作定语a burning candle 一只燃烧的蜡烛a moving report 一场动人的报告the teacher teaching physics 教物理的老师注意：（1）单个的现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面；现在分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面。
This is a very interesting book.The girl standing there is our English teacher.(2 ) 及物动词的现在分词一般含有主动的意义。
不及物动词作谓语没有被动语态，其现在分词通常不表示主动的概念，而是强调动作正在进行.The boy standing under the tree is a classmate of mine.= The boy who is standing under the tree is a classmate of mine.The girl playing the piano every day teaches himself English.=The girl who plays the piano every day teaches himself English.(3) 现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来。
另外，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，所以，下列句子都是错的：Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (应改为who has come from Beijing)Those having finished their work can go home now. (应改为who have finished)The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning. (应改为who gave us) (4) 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示，如：Those being busy don’t have to go. (应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.)His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. (应改为who is)2. 作表语现在分词作表语时，多表示主语所具有的特征。
现在分词
adj./adv.
× 表语 定语 × 宾语补足语 状语
1. 作定语
A. sleeping
B. sleeping on the sofa
动名词，表用途
A bag! 1) Look! I bought a new _____ B is my brother. 2) The boy _____
现在分词短语，后置
Because she got a full mark, she 同位语 × was happy. Having got a full mark, she was happy.
× × 宾语补足语 状语
动名词 (doing)
词性 成分
现在分词 (doing)
n.
主语、宾语 表语 定语 同位语 × ×
3) Keep quiet. Don’t wake up the _____ A boy.
现在分词，前置
状态/性质 2. 作表语：表示主语的__________
1) The story sounds interesting. 2) It is annoying that the meeting should be put off.
现在分词 (doing)
n.
主语、宾语 表语 定语 同位语 ×
adj./adv.
× 表语 定语 × 宾语补足语
His habit, listening to the radio everyday, remains unchanged. I find him crying at the corner.
动名词 (doing)
词性
现在分词 (doing)
They layn. on the grass and looked adj./adv. at the sky. lay on the grass, looking × at the sky. 主语、宾语 成分 They
现在分词现在分词
现在分词（present participle）（又称-ing形式，现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语，状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。
一般式：doing；一般被动式：being done；完成式：having done；完成被动式：having been done。
所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ，包括独立主格形式。
现在分词在英语这一科目中，也是比较重要的一部分，具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。
中文名现在分词外文名present participle别称+ing形式现在进行式类别分词的一种构成形式情况方法事例1一般情况直接加-ingdo→doingsing→singingstudy--studyingcomfort→comforting2以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词去e, 加-ingdance→dancinglike→likingwrite→writingmake→ makingtake→taking3以重读闭音节结尾的动词，并且末尾只有一个辅音字母，最后一个字母不是x的动词双写最后一个字母，再加ingrun→runningcut→cuttingswim→swimming4以ie结尾的动词变ie为y，再加-ingdie→dying5以c结尾的动词变c为ck，再加-ingpic nic→picnickingtraffic→trafficking（例外：arc作弧形运动，arcing）6以l结尾的动词如果动词原形以非重读音节结尾，则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。
其中不双写的是美式拼写。
travel→travelling/traveling(U.S.)7部分以-p结尾的动词同样遵循第6条，这类词多由“前缀+名词”构成。
现在分词
什么是现在分词？现在分词（present participle）（又称-ing形式，现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语，状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。
现在分词的构成现在分词是由动词原形加词尾ing构成。
现在分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：一般式doing被动式being done完成式having done完成被动式 having been done否定形式：not +现在分词Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
His not coming made all of us angry.他没来使我们大家都很生气。
现在分词的一般式和完成式现在分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
现在分词+主句（谓语）同时发生or先后发生Being a student, he was interested in politics.作为一个学生，他对政治很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。
根据现在分词动作发生的时间，现在分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)完成被动式(having been done)The question being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。
现在分词地用法详解
现在分词的用法详解现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。
一.构成形式doing （特殊的略）现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二.时态与语态一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式三.可作成分定语状语补语表语1.作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一e.g. a running boythe girl standing there并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句e.g. a boy who is runninga girl who is standing there注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点注意3：某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词性eg. an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句但是可以有三级变化（原级比较级最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰2.作补语高中阶段只研究分词作宾补的情况不研究作主补的情况只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at2）使役动词：have get catch leave set值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补只能是用于这些词后但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）eg.I saw him singing now.Don't have the students studying all day.注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者至于现在分词作主语补足语的情况只须知道上述动词的被动语态形式中的现在分词作的是主补即可无须深入3.作表语现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意3 有三级变化可被副词修饰e.g.The story is interesting.The match is exciting.注意：表动作的现在分词不能作表语例如上面例子的变形A boy is running.这不是主系表而是主谓（其中助动词is与现在分词running和起来作谓语）关于句子成分的语法内容有时间再为大家补充4.作状语作时间条件原因让步状语事要位于句首且与后面用逗号隔开能转换为一个相应的状语从句作结果方式伴随状语时要位于句尾且与前面用逗号隔开有时也可以不用注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致．〔这个是重点是考试和高考的常考点大家必须记住〕个人经验状语从句是万能的而分词作状语具有局限性当分词不能表示的时候可以用从句来做1）作时间状语eg. Walking in the street, I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了．可以转化为一个时间状语从句When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him.当我要表达正在进行的动作时我们可以在分词前面加上when／while那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实有的时候也可以理解为时间状语从句中的省略但是不是时时成立的）重新注意一下所给出的例子Walking in the street,I saw him.我是翻译成”当我在街上走时，我看到他了．”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时，他看到我了．”（这个是因为”分词作状语时其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”）但是有的同学问了那我要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时，我看到他了．”那应该怎么做那？可以用状语从句来做啊因为从句是万能的啊When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.在这里在告诉大家另外的一个方法He walking in the street,I saw him.这是分词的独立主格形式我们以下会介绍在这里不需太理解．2）作条件状语e.g. Working hard,you will succeed.3）作原因状语e.g. Being ill,she stayed at home.注意being是常用来作原因状语的4）作让步状语e.g. Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.5）作结果状语e.g. His friend died,leaving him a lot of money,6）作方式状语e.g. Please answer the question using another way.7）作伴随状语可以转化为一个并列句e.g. He is standing there,singing.5.作独立成分generally speaking一般来说Judging from/by 由……判断出〔高中阶段只需记这两个〕6.现在分词的独立主格这个语法点大家原来没有接触过所以会感到生疏那么我下面就简单的介绍一下有关于”独立主格”的内容独立主格，又叫独立结构。
现在分词的用法详解
现在分词的用法详解现在分词的用法详解现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。
一.构成形式doing （特殊的略）现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二.时态与语态一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式三.可作成分定语状语补语表语1.作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一e.g. a running boythe girl standing there并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句e.g. a boy who is runninga girl who is standing there注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点注意3：某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词性eg. an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句但是可以有三级变化（原级比较级最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰2.作补语高中阶段只研究分词作宾补的情况不研究作主补的情况只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at2）使役动词：have get catch leave set值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补只能是用于这些词后但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）eg.I saw him singing now.Don't have the students studying all day.注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者至于现在分词作主语补足语的情况只须知道上述动词的被动语态形式中的现在分词作的是主补即可无须深入3.作表语现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意3 有三级变化可被副词修饰e.g.The story is interesting.The match is exciting.注意：表动作的现在分词不能作表语例如上面例子的变形A boy is running.这不是主系表而是主谓（其中助动词is与现在分词running和起来作谓语）关于句子成分的语法内容有时间再为大家补充4.作状语作时间条件原因让步状语事要位于句首且与后面用逗号隔开能转换为一个相应的状语从句作结果方式伴随状语时要位于句尾且与前面用逗号隔开有时也可以不用注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致．〔这个是重点是考试和高考的常考点大家必须记住〕个人经验状语从句是万能的而分词作状语具有局限性当分词不能表示的时候可以用从句来做1）作时间状语eg. Walking in the street, I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了．可以转化为一个时间状语从句When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him.当我要表达正在进行的动作时我们可以在分词前面加上when／while那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实有的时候也可以理解为时间状语从句中的省略但是不是时时成立的）重新注意一下所给出的例子Walking in the street,I saw him.我是翻译成”当我在街上走时，我看到他了．”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时，他看到我了．”（这个是因为”分词作状语时其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”）但是有的同学问了那我要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时，我看到他了．”那应该怎么做那？可以用状语从句来做啊因为从句是万能的啊When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.在这里在告诉大家另外的一个方法He walking in the street,I saw him.这是分词的独立主格形式我们以下会介绍在这里不需太理解．2）作条件状语e.g. Working hard,you will succeed.3）作原因状语e.g. Being ill,she stayed at home.注意being是常用来作原因状语的4）作让步状语e.g. Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.5）作结果状语e.g. His friend died,leaving him a lot of money,6）作方式状语e.g. Please answer the question using another way.7）作伴随状语可以转化为一个并列句e.g. He is standing there,singing.5.作独立成分generally speaking一般来说Judging from/by 由……判断出〔高中阶段只需记这两个〕6.现在分词的独立主格这个语法点大家原来没有接触过所以会感到生疏那么我下面就简单的介绍一下有关于”独立主格”的内容独立主格，又叫独立结构。
语法-现在分词
六年级语法现在分词姓名：_______乐灵班级：_______学籍号：______座位号：______ 现在分词 (Present Participle)●构成●功能●含义●练习★现在分词-构成①一般在动词原形末尾加ing，如do→ doing、sing→ singing、comfort→ comforting 、w atch→watching②以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing，如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making, take→ taking※注意※这里的e必须不发音，若发音，则不能去掉，如see→ seeing③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，并且末尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这一字母，再加ing，如cut→ cutting、swim→swimming shop→ shopping★现在分词-含义现在分词是动词的另一种形式。
它兼有动词和形容词的特征。
1.现在分词表示主动的含义，过去分词表示被动。
a moving song The news is surprising.一首动人的歌曲（主动）这消息让人吃惊（主动）moved audience We were surprised to hear it.受感动的观众（被动）听了这事我们很吃惊。
（被动）②一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往具有未完成或正在进行的含义，而过去分词则往往表示完成意义。
We live in the changing world. 我们生活在变化着的世界中。
It’s a changed world.今天的世界是变化了的世界。
the rising sun正在升起的太阳the risen sun 升起了的太阳boiling water 正在沸腾的水boiled water 烧开了的水★现在分词-功能[课堂练习:写出斜体部分在句子中的成分]She is having fun in the dancing floor.That fiction novel is very interesting.Tommy found his classmate cheating in the test.Getting up last this morning, she missed the bus.*总结:现在分词-作定语现在分词-作宾语补足语a man eating a hamburger=a man who is eating a hamburgera boy winning the first prize=a boy who is winning the first prizea woman having a fight with his boyfriend=a woman who is having a fight with his boyfriend[课堂练习]1.I know a girl from L.A.(come)2.In the ,we met our aunt.(购物中心)3.She has troubles.(阅读障碍症)4.The number of car accident makes us worried.(increase)5. stone gathers no moss.(roll)功能二：现在分词作表语（1）分词作表语时，相当于形容词，不可与构成进行时态的分词混淆起来。
现在分词归纳
(9) Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, (send) supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.(10) (separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.2. 完成句子：根据括号中的汉语意思完成下列句子。
(1) I appreciate to your home. (我对被邀请去你家做客表示谢意。
)(2) Would you mind your telephone? (我用一下你的电话介意吗？)(3) I’m sorry for at the meeting in time. (我很抱歉没能按时赴会。
)(4) the vegetables, we began to dig the ground. (我们浇过菜之后，就开始挖地。
)(5) by the teacher, Wang Ming gave up smoking. (受到老师批评后，王明戒烟了。
)(6) It is no use him. (试图说服他是没有用的。
)(7) The building now is a hospital. (正在建造的那座楼是一所医院。
)(8) I’m sorry to have kept you me for so long. (对不起，让你久等了。
)(9) is like sailing without a compass. (生活没有目的就像航海没有指南针。
)(10) this fact, he must be an honest man. (从这一事实判断，他一定是一个诚实的人。
英语现在分词的结构和时态概述
英语现在分词的结构和时态概述摘要本文主要介绍了英语现在分词的概念，形式，功能和用法。
首先，本文解释了什么是现在分词，以及它有哪两个核心特征：动作正在进行中或者现在分词和它的逻辑主语是主动关系。
其次，本文介绍了现在分词的形式，即在动词词尾加上-ing，以及一些特殊情况的变化规则。
然后，本文分析了现在分词的功能和用法，包括作定语，作状语，作表语，作宾语补足语等，并且给出了一些例句来说明。
最后，本文总结了英语现在分词的结构和时态的知识要点，并给出了一些练习题和答案来巩固学习效果。
一、什么是现在分词现在分词是动词的一种非限定形式，它可以表示动作正在进行或者与逻辑主语有主动关系。
例如：He is reading a book. 他正在读一本书。
Reading is a good habit. 阅读是一个好习惯。
在这两个句子中，reading都是现在分词，但是它们的功能和意义不同。
在第一个句子中，reading表示动作正在进行，它和主语he是主动关系，reading是谓语的一部分，构成了现在进行时。
在第二个句子中，reading表示一种抽象的概念，它和主语没有逻辑关系，reading是主语，充当名词。
二、现在分词的形式现在分词的基本形式是在动词原形后面加上-ing。
例如：work - workingplay - playingstudy - studyingsing - singing但是有一些特殊情况需要注意：如果动词以不发音的e结尾，则去掉e再加-ing。
例如：write - writingmake - makinghave - havinglive - living如果动词为重读闭音节结尾，并且只有一个辅音字母，则要双写这个辅音字母再加-ing。
例如：run - runningstop - stoppingbegin - beginningswim - swimming如果动词以ie结尾，则改ie为y再加-ing。
现在分词
滑冰 Skating游泳 Swimming打篮球 Playing basketball画画 Drawing (pictures)唱歌 Singing购物 Shopping阅读 Reading踢足球 Playing soccer/football跳 Jumping站 Standing写 Writing说 Talking/speaking/saying跑 Running吃 Eating……否定结构现在分词的否定式由“not+现在分词”构成。
如：Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.她不知道该往哪儿走，就去请警察帮助。
(现在分词一般式的否定结构)Not seeing John， I asked where he was.我看不见约翰，于是问他在何处。
(现在分词一般式的否定结构)Not being seen by anyone， the thief escaped.那个贼趁无人看见时逃跑了。
(现在分词被动式的否定结构)Not having done it right，I tried again.我由于没有做对，所以又试了试。
(现在分词完成式的否定结构)一般式(1) 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
如：She sat there reading a novel.她坐在那里看小说。
A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
(2) 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
如：Going into the room，he shut the door.走进房间，他就关上了门。
完成式现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。
Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV. 做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。
现在分词
• 3)作宾语补足语 • a．表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear， feel，find，listen to，look at，watch， notice，observe，smell，see等词的宾语 可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。例如： • I noticed him slipping away before the end of the meeting． • I can smell turkey roasting，and it's making me hungry．
• 注意，当现在分词作让步状语时，一般放 在句首，常常由although，though，even if, unless等连词引入；作结果状语时，一 般放在句末，前面可以加so，thus，hence， thereby等副词。
用法
• 现在分词表示主动的意义； 现在分词表示主动的意义； • 表示一般性的或正在进行的动作； 表示一般性的或正在进行的动作； • 在表现形式上有“一般式”和“完成式” 在表现形式上有“一般式” 完成式” 主动式” 被动式”之分， 与“主动式”和“被动式”之分，
现在分词的作用: 现在分词的作用:
• 4)作状语 • 现在分词作状语表示主语在进行一动作的 同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起 修饰或陪衬的作用。这时要注意现在分词 与其逻辑主语在时态和意义上的统一。例 如：
• 1.作伴随状语 1.作伴随状语 • 动词stand, sit和lie加现在分词作伴随状语， 加现在分词作伴随状语， 动词 和 加现在分词作伴随状语 表示两个动作同时发生。 表示两个动作同时发生。 • We sat there talking to each other. • The poor man sat by the road, begging. • She sat at a window，reading a book． =She sat at a window and read a book．
现在分词的用法详解
现在分词的用法详解现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。
一.构成形式doing （特殊的略）现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二.时态与语态一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式三.可作成分定语状语补语表语￥1.作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一. a running boythe girl standing there并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句. a boy who is runninga girl who is standing there注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点（注意3：某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词性eg. an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句但是可以有三级变化（原级比较级最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰2.作补语高中阶段只研究分词作宾补的情况不研究作主补的情况只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at2）使役动词：have get catch leave set值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补只能是用于这些词后但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）saw him singing now.Don't have the students studying all day.注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者·至于现在分词作主语补足语的情况只须知道上述动词的被动语态形式中的现在分词作的是主补即可无须深入3.作表语现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意3 有三级变化可被副词修饰story is interesting.The match is exciting.注意：表动作的现在分词不能作表语例如上面例子的变形A boy is running.这不是主系表而是主谓（其中助动词is与现在分词running和起来作谓语）关于句子成分的语法内容有时间再为大家补充4.作状语作时间条件原因让步状语事要位于句首且与后面用逗号隔开能转换为一个相应的状语从句作结果方式伴随状语时要位于句尾且与前面用逗号隔开有时也可以不用注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致．〔这个是重点是考试和高考的常考点大家必须记住〕&个人经验状语从句是万能的而分词作状语具有局限性当分词不能表示的时候可以用从句来做1）作时间状语eg. Walking in the street, I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了．可以转化为一个时间状语从句When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him.当我要表达正在进行的动作时我们可以在分词前面加上when／while那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实有的时候也可以理解为时间状语从句中的省略但是不是时时成立的）重新注意一下所给出的例子Walking in the street,I saw him.我是翻译成”当我在街上走时，我看到他了．”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时，他看到我了．”（这个是因为”分词作状语时其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”）但是有的同学问了那我要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时，我看到他了．”那应该怎么做那可以用状语从句来做啊因为从句是万能的啊&When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.在这里在告诉大家另外的一个方法He walking in the street,I saw him.这是分词的独立主格形式我们以下会介绍在这里不需太理解．2）作条件状语. Working hard,you will succeed.3）作原因状语. Being ill,she stayed at home.注意being是常用来作原因状语的4）作让步状语，. Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.5）作结果状语. His friend died,leaving him a lot of money,6）作方式状语. Please answer the question using another way.7）作伴随状语可以转化为一个并列句. He is standing there,singing.5.作独立成分generally speaking一般来说Judging from/by 由……判断出〔高中阶段只需记这两个〕—6.现在分词的独立主格这个语法点大家原来没有接触过所以会感到生疏那么我下面就简单的介绍一下有关于”独立主格”的内容独立主格，又叫独立结构。
现在分词的用法
He chanced taking part in that race.Cannot help to do表示不能帮忙做某事;Cannot help doing表示情不自禁，不由得做某事如：I cannot help to do homework for you.I cannot help laughing.4.作介词宾语除了我们已经谈到的“疑问词+不定式”可以作介词宾语外。
通常情况下，只能用-ing分词作介词的宾语。
但个别表示“除了。
之外”的介词如“except, but, than”通常接不定式。
如：I can do nothing except/but wait.后面跟-ing分词作介词宾语的短语结构主要有：A)“动词+介词+动名词”I am used to sleeping on the floor.(习惯于。
)I am looking forward to meeting you.The rain stopped us from working.She objected to marrying him(反对)B)“形容词+介词+-ing分词”I am interested in playing basketball.Tom is responsible for breaking the glass.C)"名词+介词+动名词"There are many ways to do it/of doing it.He didn't go out for fear of raining.-ing分词的惯用搭配有：A)主语+have+fun/pleasure/a good time/trouble/difficulty+(in) doing sth如：We had a lot of fun (in) playing basketball.I have trouble/difficulty(in) understanding him.B)“There is+difficulty/trouble/pleasure+(in) doing sth”如：There is difficulty in passing the exam.There is trouble in learning a foreigh language.C)“be busy+(in) doing sth”I am busy in doing my homework.D) “What about/How about +-ing分词”（征求意见句型。
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现在分词现在分词V+ing（主动或进行，主动和进行）1、具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带有状语、宾语等Having hurried through his breakfast, he went to wait for he school bus.（完成式）Having been writing the book, I have no time for other things.(完成进行式)Having been written in a hurry, the homework is far from being perfect.(完成被动式)Not wanting to continue my study at school, I joined the army.(否定式)Not having finished his homework, he was punished by his teacher.(否定式)When telling him the new of his father’s death, I dared not look into his eyes.(带宾语)2、相当于形容词和副词，在句中作表语、宾补、状语和定语。
1、作表语（主要为表示人的心理状态的“使……”动词的-ing形式：interesting, surprising, exciting等）The news is very exciting.The noise is frighening.注意：与此类动词的过去分词的区别。
2、作定语单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后，往往可用定语从句代替。
A barking dog seldom bites.He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.We can see the flowers nodding ( which are nodding) gently in the wind.Can you see the star moving in the sky?She looked at the city being attacked (which was being attacked ) by the enemy.a sleeping boy, Engligh-speaking countries, drowing dog, floating straw……注意：完成式的现在分词一般不作定语。
3、作宾补I found the book quite interesting to read.注意：这种用法通常用在（1）感觉、感官动词后（宾语是现在分词动作的执行者）see, hear, feel, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。
There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。
I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。
She smelt something burning.（2）使役动词后：catch, set, have, make, get, start, leave, keep等The joke set them all laughing.The teacher often caught him playing his cell-phone in class.His words left me wondering what he meant.I kept him waiting a long time.Don’t always have your children watching TV so much.4、作状语现在分词作状语表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于为主动词的动作发生。
分词作状语一般均要用逗号同其他成分隔开。
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. (When they heard the news, they ……)Having cleaned the rooms, we began to weed the garden. (时间)We, having cleaned the rooms, began to weed the garden.Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间) 进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。
Being ill, he couldn't go to school. (原因) 因为生病，他不能去上学。
Having no interest in the topic, he didn't go to the lecture. (原因) 由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。
Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件) 只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。
Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件) 利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。
Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (让步)(尽管)成绩是巨大的，(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。
My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果) 我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。
Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式) 我们坐火车访问了好多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随)玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书注意：当前后主语不一致时，要有独立主格结构。
Time permitting, we’ll discuss the problem. It being late, we had to go home.There being no bus, we had to walk home. With Tom/him helping us, we finished the work on time.练习1. The old farmer,_____ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, _____for help.A. supporting; callingB. supported by; calledC. being supported by; calledD. being supporting; called3. The brave man died,________ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage.A. left; breakingB. leaving; brokenC. left; brokenD. to leave; breaking4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.A. Having been workedB. Not to have workedC. Not having workedD. Never have worked5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father.A. No passingB. Having passedC. Not passingD. Not having passed6. Time________, I can have done it better.A. permitB. be permittedC. permittingD. to permit7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.A. Since the key has lostB. The key been lostC. Lost the keyD. Having lost the key8. ________into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.A. Being translatedB. Having translatedC. To be translatedD. Having been translated9. ________for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.A. Having blamedB. To blameC. Being to be blameD. Being to blame10. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A. SufferedB. To sufferC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered11. ________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car.A. JudgingB. JudgedC. To judgeD. Judge12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail to the rain.A. Trembling; exposingB. Trembled; exposedC. Trembled; exposingD. Trembling; exposed13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________.A. includingB. being includingC. to includeD. included14. —Who were those people with the flags?—A group________ itself the League of Peace.A. callsB. callingC. calledD. being called15. ________you the truth, she knows nothing about it.A. TellB. TellingC. To tellD. Told16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night.A. burntB. to burnC. being burntD. burning17. Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s house at present because she is preparing a speech for theparty ________ at Marie’s house tomorrow.A. being held; to be heldB. to be held; heldC. held; being heldD. to be held; to be held18. The situation is more ________than ever. I’m ________about what to do next.A. puzzled; puzzledB. puzzling; puzzlingC. puzzling; puzzledD. puzzled; puzzling19. When________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed.A. findB. findingC. foundD. to find20. ________her mother had come, her face lit up.A. HearingB. Having heardC. When hearingD. When she heard21. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _______fun. (2005，重庆卷)A. hadB. haveC. to haveD. having22. Don't leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth. (2004天津高考题)A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run23. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (2000年春季高考)A.having hungB.hangingC.hangsD.being hung24. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on (2005 北京卷)25. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in anyother country in the world. (2005 湖北卷)A.Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated26.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.( 03全国高考题)A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked27. He sent me an E-mail, _______ to get further information.(2000上海卷)A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope高考题练习：1. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but ______ our work, we turned down the offer.A. not finishedB. not having finishedC. finishedD. having finished2. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do.A. movedB. movingC. to moveD. being moved3. The teacher called Tom to his office because he was caught ______ in the exam.A. to cheatB. cheatingC. cheatedD. cheat4. ______ Gong Li, how many of her movies do you really like?A. Talking ofB. To talk ofC. Talked ofD. Talk of5. ______ of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend ______ her.A. Warned, followedB. Warning, followingC. Having warned, to followD. Having been warned, following。