大学英语四级分类模拟题235
大学英语四级考试模拟试题(附答案)
大学英语四级考试模拟试题（附答案）一、写作Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of "The Importance of Learning a Second Language". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【答案】The Importance of Learning a Second LanguageSecondly, learning a second language improves cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals often exhibit better problemsolving skills, greater creativity, and a more flexible mindset. Moreover, mastering a second language can open up numerous career opportunities. In an increasingly globalized job market, being proficient in multiple languages is a valuable asset.In conclusion, the benefits of learning a second language are multifaceted, ranging from personal growth to career advancement and cultural preservation. It is a lifelong investment that yields significant rewards.二、听力理解Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear eight short conversations and two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) The woman doesn't want to cook dinner.B) The man will cook dinner for the woman.C) They are going to eat out.D) They are discussing the menu for tomorrow.【答案】C)Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage One2. A) It is a way to express individuality.B) It is a sign of social status.C) It reflects cultural background.D) It is a form of artistic expression.【答案】A)三、阅读理解Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage【答案】26. D) substantial27. A) outweigh28. C) enhance四、翻译Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You shouldwrite your answer on the Answer Sheet.中国传统文化中，龙是吉祥的象征，代表着权力、威严和好运。
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(2)
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷（2）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:Choosing an Occupation1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。
2. 需要花时间去选择职业。
3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a "ghost ship" sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it's all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also en ded in ecological crisis, accord ing to nu merous en vir onmen talgroups. But many coun tries continue to build massive dams and irrigati on systems, eve n though such projects can create more problems tha n they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will n eed more water in the n ext cen tury."Growi ng populati ons will worse n problems with water," says Peter H. Gleick, an en vir onmen tal scie ntist at the Pacific In stitute for studies in Developme nt, En vir onment, and Security, a research orga ni zati on in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world's projected 8.3 billi on people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 perce nt of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and grow ing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. In fact, only a tiny perce ntage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, the n conden ses and falls back to Earth as precipitatio n(rain or sno w).Some precipitati on runs off land to lakes and ocea ns, and some becomes groun dwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this ren ewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amaz on river bas in in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the world's populati on has access to on ly 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater- about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. "If water dema nd continues to climb rapidly," says Postel, "there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic en vir onmen t."Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people livi ng in rich coun tries like the Un ited States. But America ns could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groun dwater. Groun dwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie betwee n soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more tha n 90 liters are hidde n un dergro un d).Although the Un ited States has large aquifers, farmers, ra nchers, and cities are tapp ing many of them for water faster tha n n ature can reple nish it. In n orthwestTexas, for example, over pump ing has shr unk groun dwater supplies by 25 perce nt, accord ing to Postel.America ns may face eve n more urge nt problems from polluti on. Drinking water in the Un ited States is gen erally safe and meets high sta ndards. Nevertheless, one in five America ns every day unknowin gly drinks tap watercon tam in ated with bacteria and chemical wastes, accord ing to the En vir onmen tal Protectio n Age ncy. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drin ki ng tap water tai nted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomit ing.The SourceWhere so con tam inants come from? In develop ing coun tries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cook ing; about 250 millio n people a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed coun tries, manu facturers use 100,000 chemical compo unds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water whe n released un treated into rivers and lakes. (Certa in compo un ds, such as polychlori nated biphe ny Is, or PCBs, have bee n banned in the Un ited States.)But almost every one con tributes to water polluti on. People ofte n pour household clea ners, car an tifreeze, and paint thinners dow n the drai n; All of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scie ntists study ing water in the San Fran cisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 perce nt of the polluta nts could be traced to household waste.Farmers have bee n criticized for overus ing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and in sects but in sects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use n itrates, n itroge n rich fertilizer that helps pla nts grow but that can wreak havoc on the en vir onment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many n itrates "over en rich" these bodies of water, en couragi ng the buildup of algae, or microscopic pla nts that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxyge n that fish n eed to survive, at times chok ing off life in an en tire body of water.What's the Solutio n?Water expert Gleick advocates con servati on and local solutio ns to water related problems; gover nmen ts, for in sta nee, would be betteroff buildi ng small scale dams rather tha n huge and disruptiveprojects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea."More tha n 1 billi on people worldwide don't have access to basic clea n drinking water," says Gleick. "There has to be a strong push on the part of every on egover nments and ordi nary people-to make sure we have a resource so fun dame ntal to life."1. That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the AralSea to shri nk.2. The con struct ion of massive dams and irrigati on projects does more good tha n harm.3. The chief causes of water shortage are populati on growth and water polluti on.4. The problems America ns face concerning water are ground water shri nkage and tap water polluti on.5. Accord ing to the passage all water polluta nts come from household waste.6. The people liv ing in the Un ited States will not be faced with water shortages.7. Water expert Gleick has come up with the best soluti on to water related problems.1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8. Accord ing to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world's people will suffer from water shortages.9. Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.ln developed coun tries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 47 in the 1900s most American towns and cities hada Main Street. Main Street was always the heart of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 52 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 53 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.[A] d esigned[B] t ake[C] Early[D] Attracted[E] though[F] convenience[G] services[H] fame[I] various[J] popularity[K] cosmetics[L] started[M] dow ntow n[N] available[O] cheapnessSecti on BDirect ions: There are 2 passages in this sect ion. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuesti ons 57 to 61 are based on the follow ing passage.Culture is one of the most challe nging eleme nts of the intern ati onal marketplace. This system of lear ned behavior patter ns characteristic of the members of a give n society is con sta ntly shaped by a set of dyn amic variables: Ian guage, religi on, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, tech no logy, educati on, and social in stituti ons. To cope with this system, an intern ati onal man ager n eeds both factual and in terpretive kno wledge of culture. To some exte nt, the factual kno wledge can be lear ned; itsin terpretati on comes only through experie nee.The most complicated problems in deali ng with the cultural en vir onment stem from the fact that one canno t lear n culture has to live it. Two schoolsone of thought exist in the bus in ess world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that bus in ess is bus in ess the world around, follow ing the model of Pepsi and McDon ald's. Insome cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57. According to the passage, which of the following is true?[A] A ll international managers can learn culture.[B] B usiness diversity is not necessary.[C] Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.[D] Most people do not know foreign culture well.58. According to the author, the model of Pepsi.[A] i s in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.[B] i s different from the model of McDonald's[C] shows the reverse of globalization[D] has converged cultural differences59. The two schools of thought.[A] b oth propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures[B] b oth advocate that different policies be set up in different countries[C] admit the existe nee of cultural diversity in bus in ess world[D] Both A and B60. This article is supposed to be most useful for those.[A] who are in terested in research ing the topic of cultural diversity[B] who have conn ecti ons to more tha n one type of culture[C] who want to travel abroad[D] who want to run bus in ess on Intern atio nal Scale61. Accord ing to Fort une, successful intern ati onal compa ni es.[A] ear n 20 perce nt or more of their reve nue overseas[B] all have the quality of patie nee[C] will follow the overseas local cultures[D] adopt the policy of in ternatio nalizatio nPassage TwoQuesti ons 62 to 66 are based on the followi ng passage.There are people in Italy who can't sta nd soccer. Not all Can adia ns love hockey. A similar situati on exists in America, where there are those in dividuals you may be one of them who yaw n or eve n frown whe n somebody men ti ons baseball. Baseball to them means bori ng hours watch ing grow n men in funny tight outfits sta nding around in a field stari ng away while very little of anything happe ns. They tell you it's a game better suited to the 19th cen tury, slow, quiet, and gen tlema nly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there's the sport that glorifies "the hit".By con trast, baseball seems abstract, cool, sile nt, still.On TV the game is fractured into a doze n perspectives, replays, close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is esse ntial to un dersta nding it. You will con template the game from one point as a pain ter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself intothe game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won't do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward,perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman's position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. "Nothing happened," you say. "I could have had my eyes closed."The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.62. The passage is mainly concerned with .[A] t he different tastes of people for sports [B]the different characteristics of sports[C]the attraction of football [D]the attraction of baseball63. Those who don't like baseball may complain that.[A]it is only to the taste of the old [B]it involves fewer players than football[C]it is not exciting enough [D]it is pretentious and looks funny64. The author admits that.[A]baseball is too peaceful for the young [B]baseball may seem boring when watched on TV[C]football is more attracting than baseball [D]baseball is more interesting than football65. By stating "I could have had my eyes closed." the author means (4th paragraph last sentence).[A]The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game[B] E ven if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result[C] The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well[D] The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it66. We can safely conclude that the author.[A]likes football [B]hates football [C]hates baseball [D]likes baseballPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 67 an event takes place; newspapers are on the streets 68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 69 the news.Newspapers have one basic 70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 71 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 72 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 74 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 76 of the latest news, today's newspapers 77 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 79 .News papers is sold at a price that 80 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 82 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This 83 in terms ofcirculation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 84 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 85 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world and even outer space.67. [A] Just when [B] While [C] Soon after [D] Before68. [A] to give [B] giving [C] given [D] being given69. [A] gather [B] spread [C] carry [D] bring70. [A] reason [B] cause [C] problem [D] purpose71. [A] make [B] publish [C] know [D] write72. [A] another [B]other [C] one another [D] the other73. [A] However [B] And [C] Therefore [D] So74. [A] value [B] ratio [C] rate [D] speed75. [A]spread [B] passed [C] printed [D] completed76. [A] inform [B] be informed [C] to informed [D] informed77. [A] entertain [B] encourage [C] educate [D] edit78. [A] on [B] through [C] with [D] of79. [A] forms [B] existence [C] contents [D] purpose80. [A] tries to cover [B]manages to cover [C] fails to cover [D] succeeds in81. [A] source [B] origin [C] course [D] finance。
大学英语四级考试模拟题 (附答案)
大学英语模拟真题Test 2第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Why not go and have dinner in the restaurant?—_________ It’s too expensive.A. Why not.B. I agree .C. I’m afraid not.D. I’m sure.2. —Mike,I am going to skate in the mountains tomorrow.—Oh,really? _________A. Good luck.B. Great.C. Have a good time.D. Congratulations!3. —Please help yourself to the fish.—_________A. Thanks,but I don’t like the fish.B. Sorr y,I can’t help.C. Well,fish don’t suit me.D. No,I can’t.4. —_________—He teaches physics in a school.A. What does your father want to do?B. Who is your father?C. What is your father?D. Where is your father now?5. —Excuse me, how much is the jacket?—It’s 499 Yuan. _________A. Oh, no. Tha t’s OK!B. How do you like it?C. Which do you prefer?D. Would you like to try it on?第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）此部分共有2篇短文，在第一篇短文后有5个正误判断题，从每题后的两个选项中选出正确答案；在第二篇短文后有5个问题。
大学英语英语四级模拟题(包含答案) (2)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. A man has to make _____ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.A. supplyB. arrranceC. provisionD. adjustment2. A neat letter improves your chances of a favorable _________.A. circumstanceB. requestC. receptionD. response3. A river ____ though the narrow wooded valley below.A. extendsB. poursC. expandsD. twists4. A writer has to _______ imagination as well as his experiences for his writing.A. draw back fromB. draw inC. draw upD. draw on5. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the ____ of maturity.A. fulfillmentB. achievementC. establishmentD. accomplishment6. Light comes in _______ the window.A. byB. throughC. out ofD. in7. The young worker expressed the indignation _______ being dismissed without any reason.A. forB. atC. toD. of8. Science has brought _______ many changes in our life.A. outB. intoC. aboutD. forward9. ______ onetime, Manchester, New Hampshire, was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the worlD.A. OnB. AtC. ByD. To10. If something is out _______ the question, it is impossible.A. ofB. toC. withD. in11. _______ snobbish people ______ you described are to be found everywhere.A. Such…likeB. So…likeC. Such…asD. So…as12. The doctors must have spared no pains to treat the patient _______ he has recovered from his serious injury.A. butB. beforeC. forD. till13. So hardworking was he that nothing ______ him from his study remained in the room.A. distractingB. distractC. distractedD. to distract14. ---- Why don’t we take a little break ?---- Didn’t we just have ______ ?A. itB. thatC. oneD. this15. ____,Internet writers do make impressive progress.A.Encouraging and praisingB.To be encouraged and praisedC.Encouraged and praisedD.To encourage and praised16. In the west, people make ___ a rule to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.A. thisB. thatC. itD. the following17. --Is there a flight to London this evening?--There ____ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.A. mustB. has toC. mightD. ought to18. He called the police for help, ____ that the problem was more than he could deal with.A. having been realizedB. to realizeC. realizedD. realizing19. --- How much is the desk?---it__ninety-nine pounds.( )A. costsB. Pays toC. spendsD. Takes is20. I am afraid I won't be able to keep in touch__him.( )A. To goB. For ifC. withD. By too二、单词拼写（共计15分）1.Mr. Li moved to the seashore in his f______(四十来岁).2.H______(听到) the good news, we all jumped with joy.3．When he realized he had made a difference for those poor children, he ____________ a joyful smile. (突然笑了起来)4．At that time, the explorers __________________ (因为……而着迷) their adventures in the underwater world.5．Recent pressure at work may ____________ (是……的原因，解释) his abnormal behavior.三、阅读理解：(共30分)As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume Besides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.A.did not like presentB.never got presentC.preferred tiesD.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.A.attractiveB.interested in tiesC.tiredD.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.A.puroselyB.suddenlyC.unwillinglyD.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.A.when he was obligedB.on social occasionsC.from time to timeD.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.A.coustomers trod on each other's toesB.coustomers poked each other withtheir elbows C.customers knocked each other D.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry四、书面表达：请你为一个中学生参观团起草一份通知，用一段话说明以下要点：参观日期：5月25日，星期天时间：早上8点钟出发。
大学英语英语四级模拟题(包含答案) (4)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1.All parts of this sewing machine are______so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.A.mechanizedB.minimizedC.modernizedD.standardized2.All students in this university are requested to_____with the regulations.A.yieldplyC.submitD.consent3.All the parts of this washing machine are_____,so that it is very convenient to replace them.A.normalizedB.modernizedC.mechanizedD.standarlized4.All their_____have been shown up by their own deeds.A.debatesB.decorationsC.deductionsD.deceptions5.Although Asian countries are generally more_____in social customs than Western countries,there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.A.conservativeB.confidentialprehensiveD.consistent6.He rested his neck on_____right hand and looked me in______face.A.the,theB.his,hisC.the,hisD.his,the7.______a laser to operate,stimulated emission must predominate over absorption throughout the laser medium.A.Ordering toB.For orderingC.In order forD.The order of8.An increase in wages is an incentive_______better work.A.toB.inC.ofD.for9.Wine and song are appropriate________the occasion.A.atB.toC.onD.by10.The death of the President is a loss regretted______all.A.toB.forC.atD.by11.A doctor by training_______he was,he proved himself to be a greaterA.asB.thoughC.sinceD.if12._____the stress of examinations is over,we can all relax.A.WhileB.Even thoughC.ForD.How that13.Our city has recently started a traffic safety______.A.legendB.souvenirC.sacrificeD.campaign14.It is believed that reserves of petrol in Iraq are________to last for fifty years.A.sufficientB.efficientC.persistentD.effective15.Appreciation of a piece of art work______studies of the art,the artists,and the periods they live in.A.consistsposesC.containsD.involves16.We thought there must be something__because we hadn't heard from you for quite a long time.()A.rightB.wrongD.Bad is17.Jenny has learned a great deal of country music since____jin Nashville.()A.arrivesB.arrivingC.arrivedD.had arrived18.She had completed the work all by herself,__surprised all of us.()A.it isB.sheC.thatD.which19.Hurry up,_you will miss the first train.()A.andB.thenC.butD.or that20.The shirt doesn't fit me.it's.small for me.()A.to muchB.much tooC.too many二、翻译（共5小题，每小题3分；共计15分）1、他用所有的积蓄为儿子买了一辆自行车。
大学英语四级备考模拟题及答案
大学英语四级备考模拟题及答案2016年大学英语四级备考模拟题及答案Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hearthe sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material worldC) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD) all of the above22. Which of the following may be representative of science?A) The improvement of people's life.B) The theory of people's life.C) Farming tools.D) Mass production.23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A) must be strictly objectiveB) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikesC) should conform to popular opinionsD) always appear in perfect and finished forms24. The author states that technology itself _____.A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC) will lead to a better world if put to wise useD) will inevitably be for bad purpose25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags to riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was an unnecessary detour.Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success without much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial success is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be even more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will beneeded.26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.A) education in general B) Americans' attitudesC) higher education D) American education27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A) information is our only productB) education in the future will be specializedC) we are entering an age of informationD) we are living in an age of information30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The History of American Education.B) The Need for Specialized Education.C) The Future of the American Educational System.D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pattern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, control floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and in consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 there were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New landsmust be brought under cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some areas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farming methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods. There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dry-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide electric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to suit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the food of the world.31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB) the pattern of distribution is being alteredC) people are living longerD) new land is being brought under cultivation32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more productively farmed if _____.A) the plots were subdividedB) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the countryC) industrial methods were used in farmingD) the units of land were made much larger33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.A) producing new strains of cropsB) irrigation and dry-farming methodsC) providing fertilizersD) destroying pests and disease34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests35. The author's main purpose is to _____.A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenonC) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drinkwould refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on"a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which .A) are directly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needsC) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .A) would make learned responses when it saw the milkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to .A) have the lights turned onB) be rewarded with milkC) please their parentsD) be praised39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of .A) a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB) the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC) their strong desire to solve complex problemsD) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills。
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(附答案)
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷Part ⅠWritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of advice to your cousin about how to spend the first winter holiday in college. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1、现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Exchange Rates：A Brief History of Exchange RatesFor centuries，the currencies of the world were backed by gold．That is，a piece of paper currency issued by any world government represented a real amount of gold held in a vault by that government．In the 1930s，the U.S.set the value of the dollar at 8 single，unchanging level：l ounce of gold was worth $35．After World War II，other countries based the value of their currencies on the U.S.dollar．Since everyone knew how much gold a U.S.dollar was worth，then the value of any other currency against the dollar could be based on its value in gold．A currency worth twice as much gold as a U.S.dollar was，therefore，also worth two U.S.dollars．Unfortunately，the real world of economics outpaced this system．The U.S.dollar suffered from inflation(its value relative to the goods it could purchase decreased)，while other currencies became more valuable and more stable．Finally，in 1971，the U.S.took away the gold standard altogether．This meant that the dollar no longer represented an actual amount of a precious substance-market forces alone determined its value．Today，the U.S.dollar still dominates many financial markets．In fact，exchange rates are often expressed in terms of U.S.dollars．Currently，the U.S.dollar and the euro account for approximately 50 percent of all currency exchange transactions in the world．Adding British pounds，Canadian dollars，Australian dollars，and Japanese yen to the list accounts for over 80 percent of currency exchanges altogether．Methods of Exchange：the Floating Exchange RateThere are two main systems used to determine a currency's exchange rate：floating currency and pegged currency．The market determines a floating exchange rate．In other words，a currency is worth whatever buyers are willing to pay for it．This is determined by supply and demand，which is in turn driven by foreign investment，import/export ratios，inflation，and a host of other economic factors．Generally，countries with mature，stable economic markets will use a floating system．Virtually every major nation uses this system，including the U.S.，Canada and Great Britain．Floating exchange rates are considered more efficient，because the market will automatically correct the rate to reflect inflation and other economic forces．The floating system isn't perfect，though．If a country's economy suffers from instability，a floating system will discourage investment．Investors could fall victim to wild swings in the exchange rates，as well as disastrous inflation．Methods of Exchange：the Pegged Exchange RateA pegged，or fixed system，is one in which the exchange rate is set and artificially maintained by the government．The rate will be pegged to some other country's dollar，usually the U.S.dollar．The rate will not fluctuate from day to day．A government has to work to keep their pegged rate stable．Their national bank must hold large reserves of foreign currency to mitigate changes in supply and demand．If a sudden demand for a currency was to drive up the exchange rate，the national bank would have to release enough of that currency into the market to meet the demand．They can also buy up currency if low demand is lowering exchange rates．Countries that have immature，potentially unstable economies usually use a pegged system．Developing nations can use this system to prevent out-of-control inflation．The system can backfire，however，if the real world market value of the currency is not reflected by the pegged rate．In that case，a black market may spring up，where the currency will be traded at its market value，disregarding the government's peg．When people realize that their currency isn’t worth as much as the pegged rate indicates，they may rush to exchange their money for other，more stable currencies．This can lead to economic disaster，since the sudden flood of currency in world markets drives the exchange rate very low．So if a country doesn't take good care of their pegged rate，they may find themselves with worthless currency．Methods of Exchange：HybridsIn reality，few exchange rate systems are 100 percent floating，or 100 percent pegged.Countries using a pegged rate can avoid market panics and inflationary disasters by using a floating peg．They peg their rate to the U.S.dollar，and that rate doesn't fluctuate from day to day．However，the government periodically reviews their peg，and makes minor adjustments to keep it in line with the true market value。
大学英语四级分类模拟题400(精品文档)_共3页
大学英语四级分类模拟题400Reading ComprehensionSection AWhen I was young, my dad and I searched the shed for glass jars andfilled them with varying 1 of water to make our own musical instrument. For me it was the start of a lifelong 2 for science—yet I didn't go on to become a scientist. I was a 3 fan of painting and writing at school, so I saw myself as an artist. I excluded myself from science because I didn't think I could do both.We need scientists more than ever, not least to work out how to 4the effects of climate change. But like me, many children who 5 showan interest in science are rejecting the subject at school. What's the reason and what can we do about it? I believe that children are natural-born scientists. They have exploring spirit and they aren't 6 to admit that they don't know something. If you think about the spirit of science—deciding what you want to find out, setting out how you're going to discover it, then carrying out the experiment and coming to a 7 —that's how kids work. Unfortunately, most of us lose this as we get 8 . Instead of finding things out by ourselves, we. make 9 that often turn out to be wrong.So it's not a matter of getting kids interested in science. You just have to find a way to 10 killing the passion for learning that they were born with.A. afraid I. initiallyB. amounts J. massiveC. assumptions K. olderD. avoid L. passionE. conclusion M. strongerF. eager N. tackleG. finally O. understandingH. illusionsSection BBuildings That Can BreatheA. At first glance, you might not suspect that the Philip Merrill Environmental Center in Annapolis, Md., is as earth friendly as an old windmill. As the headquarters of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, it displays more wood construction than the typical large building these days. But to understand what the designers, Smith Group, did to make it truly different, you would have to know that one-third of its energy comes from geothermal heat pumps that utilize the earth's warmth and photovoltaic building panels that convert sunlight into electricity. Or that rainfall collected on the roof can be channeled into huge holding tanks for reuse in irrigation. Or that its sunscreen overhangs are made from recycled pickle barrels. Whole platoons (一组) of enforcementlawyers for the Environmental Protection Agency could not be more ecologically effective than its waterless composting toilets, bamboo flooring and timber cut from sustainably harvested wood.B. The Merrill Center epitomizes the new wave of "green architecture," a catch-all term for design and construction practicesthat take into account a whole checklist of environmental goals. How abuilding is sited, how well it reuses its wastewater, how efficiently itis heated and cooled—those are all questions green architects examineclosely. To answer them, they have access to a new generation ofsupplies that include nonpolluting paints, low-flow toilets and windowsglazed to admit sunlight but reduce heat radiation. The Adam J. LewisCenter for Environmental Studies at Oberlin College even has a state-@ the-art (最先进的) disinfectant system that cleans toilet water for reuse. (No, not in drinking fountains.) But green design is not all about hightech. One simple idea: windows on high-rises that actually open. Thatfacilitates natural air-ventilation systems, also known as breezes.C. No one can deny that when it comes to the environment, buildingsare right up there with automobiles as polluters. Homes, schools, officetowers and shopping centers dirty their own little rivers of water everyday. With their air-conditioning and heating systems, they waste largeamounts of electrical and fossil-fuel power. Toxic ingredients leachfrom building materials and foul the air. Decades ago, only a fewenvironmentally minded architects cared about such things. "ClassicModernism didn't even think about the environment," says James Wines, founder of SITE, a pioneering green-design firm. "The Modernists worshipped industrialism and industrial material because that was the future."D. That began to change in the 1970s with that decade's oil shocks,which produced a short-lived vogue for alternate heating technologies.The simultaneous rise of environmentalism inspired what you might callhobbit architecture, cottages crowned with listless greenery and the oddsolar panel. But it wasn't until the 1990s that green architecturegained a foothold in mainstream building. That was partly the result ofa growing realization that "sustainable" buildings have lower long-termheating and cooling costs. States began offering tax incentives forconstruction that put less pressure on power grids or water supplies.Coming of age at the same time was a generation of architects who wereknowledgeable about environmentally conscious construction materials andtechniques.E. A dozen years ago, the U.S. Green Building Council, anassociation of architects, builders and other green specialists, adoptedthe Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED. certificationsystem, which sets out standards that a building must meet to qualify asenvironmentally friendly. The council estimates that today at least 3%of new buildings each year have some Earth-friendly features. "Thegrowth of green building is driven partly by energy efficiency and othercost savings," says Christine Ervin, the former president and CEO of thecouncil, "but also by the need of businesses to attract the bestemployees. These buildings can make very attractive work places."F. Some of the most prominent names in architecture have turnedgreen, at least for selected projects. The three-sided Commerzbankheadquarters in Frankfurt, Germany, is one of the leafiest. All aroundits triangular interior atrium (中庭) are gardens in the sky, set at different elevations, so that no worker is more than a few floors away from a sizable patch of greenery. "Building allows us to explore nature in a different way," says Jeremy Edmiston, of System Architects, "We're looking at ways to put parks into high-rise buildings."G. Natural air circulation is a preoccupation of green architecture.With the widespread adoption of air conditioning after World War II, thetypical office building was constructed to be more airtight than amummy's tomb. Now designers are rediscovering principles of ventilationand air circulation familiar to builders of the 19th century. The RockyMountain Institute once took part in an environmental upgrade of the White House and the vintage (古老的) Executive Office Building. "We discovered that the old office building was already designed with a natural ventilation system—a fairly brilliant one," says William Browning, the institute's senior consultant for green development.H. Not everything green is rosy. To provide sunlight that reduces reliance on electrical lighting, environmentally conscious designerstend to favor open-plan workplaces over offices with doors that close. That can be good for nature, less good for quiet and privacy. And big suburban residential developers are not piling in yet. Reduced long-term energy costs, for instance, are not an important incentive to builders who plan to sell off the homes they build right away.I. Some green architecture is literally green. Dwellings that nestle directly into the landscape like caves, with carpets of earth and grass rolling over them as roofing, were among the first and mostthoroughgoing examples of green architecture in the 1970s. At the end of the last century, Chicago's City Hall, a 1911-Classical-Revival building, was topped by a "green roof"—a 20,000-square-foot garden that wasplanted as a climate-control mechanism. Built from a blend of compost, mulch and sponge-like materials that hold water more effectively than regular soil, the low-maintenance garden of 20,000 plantings is intended to reduce City Hall's air-conditioning and heating costs by as much as $6,000 each year. In summer the garden helps keep the building cool by shielding it under a layer of moist material. In winter it insulates against cold. In both seasons, it reduces the storm-water runoff that occasionally overflows the Chicago sewers leading to Lake Michigan. Though the garden has yellowed a bit this summer, it still provides its cost-cutting benefits. Not incidentally, it also provides a habitat for birds, butterflies and grasshoppers. But not yet for people—the gardenis closed to the public. Sometimes nature needs to work in peace.11、 The office building after World War II performed badly in naturalair circulation.12、 Decades ago, only a few architects considered buildings' effect on the environment.13、 In order to let the garden roof of Chicago's City Hall function well, the public are not allowed to get in there.14、 According to Christine Ervin, one factor that popularizes green buildings is that they help attract excellent employees.15、 The design of open-plan workplaces is at the sacrifice of quiet and privacy.16、 One factor that differs the headquarters of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation from other buildings is its waterless composting toilets.17、 The "green roof" of Chicago's City Hall was designed to helpregulate the temperature of the building.18、 Green architecture's fully making use of nature such as wind can bea way of green design.19、 William Browning thinks the natural ventilation system of the old Executive Office Building was fairly brilliant.20、 The realization that "sustainable" buildings can reduce costs served as a drive for the green architecture trend in the 1990s.Section CPassage OneThe age at which kids first fall victim to bullying (欺侮) couldinfluence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And, surprisingly, it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term.Bullying can have long-lasting effects, but particularly when it begins in adolescence, the researchers say. People subjected to either verbal (口头的) or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk of developing depression, anxiety disorders or to behave violently. But not everyone reacts in this way.Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it, but those who are victimized for the first time later on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin, U.S.The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1,500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence—before high school—and in late adolescence—at high school. They assessed mood and mental state by signs of anxiety or depression, such as sleeplessness. The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges, such as being humiliated or provoked. People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress. But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation, people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence.There are also sex differences between those bullied for the first time during adolescence, with females more likely to react aggressively when provoked and males much more likely to turn to alcohol to escape bad situations.The best solution in all cases was strong social support, whether from friends, family or school. Those with no one to share their problems suffered the most.So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely frombullying early on, suggests Newman. "They may get stressed, butunhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on."21、 What determines the degree of bullying's effect on people according to the new study?A. The reason why they are bullied. C. The age at which they are first bullied.B. The place where they are first bullied. D. The person whofirst bullies them.22、 What does Newman think may happen to those first bullied later on in adolescence?A. They are likely to be more aggressive.B. They seem to easily get over the effect of bullying.C. Most of them will respond to bullying normally.D. Most of them are afraid of sharing their problems.23、 What does the author say about the people who were bullied?A. They were all likely to respond to provocation violently.B. They all suffered from slightly higher degree of stress.C. They all became a little aggressive and rude.D. They were all likely to be unconfident in public.24、 What reflects the sex differences between people bullied for thefirst time during adolescence?A. The support they get from the society. C. The way they reactto provocation.B. The effect bullying has on them. D. The type of bullying they receive.25、 What does Newman think will happen if children are protected completely from bullying early on?A. They will lose the ability to solve problems independently.B. They are unlikely to master proper social skills later on.C. They will never become sensitive to violence and aggression.D. They are likely to handle the first bullying improperly later on. Passage TwoThe health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar rolesof producer or "provider" and purchaser or "consumer" in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most areas of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements (引诱物) of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however, does not exist in mostof the health-care industry.In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician—and even then there may be no real choice—it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return "next Wednesday", whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. Itis a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify (证明) the need for hospitalization, determinewhat procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor's judgments that are final. No wonder that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer." As a consequence, the medical staff represents the "power center" in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable (可以确认的) participants—the hospital, the physician, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government)—the physician makes the essential for all of them, The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, economy directed at patients or the general is relatively ineffective.26、 In what respect is the health-care economy different from otherareas of economy?A. It is the doctor who makes important buying decisions in health-care economy.B. Patients have no rights to choose what they need to buy inhealth-care economy.C. Most of the bills generated by patients are paid by insurance carriers in health-care economy.D. Patients are usually induced by the quality and well-knowndoctors of a hospital.27、 What does a doctor actually mean by telling a patient to return "next Wednesday"?A. He is instructing the patient to buy more medical services.B. He is warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessary.C. He is advising the patient to ask another doctor for advice.D. He is admitting that the initial visit was ineffective.28、 Why are doctors able to determine hospital policies?A. They can bring profits for the hospitals.B. They have special rights in hospitals.C. They are ultimately responsible for the patients' health.D. They are administrators of the hospitals.29、 What makes economy directed at patients ineffective?A. The payers play a very passive role in it.B. Doctors rather than patients determine most of its expenditures.C. Patients have no power to make decisions in it.D. It lacks the mechanism of government supervision.30、What is the author's primary purpose in writing the passage?A. To criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patients.B. To analyze some important economic factors in health-care industry.C. To urge hospitals to give back their decision-making authority.D. To inform potential patients of their health-care rights.答案:Reading ComprehensionSection A1、[解析] 本空应填名词。
专业英语四级-235
专业英语四级-235(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ______ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.（分数：2.50）A.in that √B.in whichC.in order thatD.in the way解析：[考点] 考查原因状语从句。
2.He might have been killed ______ the timely arrival of the ambulance.（分数：2.50）A.but for √B.except forC.besidesD.except解析：[考点] 考查虚拟语气。
3.______ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.（分数：2.50）A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rain √D.There being no rain解析：[考点] 考查独立主格结构。
4.Life is a candle ______ to burn ever brighter.（分数：2.50）A.being meantB.meaningC.to meanD.meant √解析：[考点] 考查动词mean的用法。
5.If it ______ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.（分数：2.50）A.had rained √B.would have rainedC.have seenD.rained解析：[考点] 考查虚拟语气。
大学英语四级模拟题三（含答案）
⼤学英语四级模拟题三（含答案）⼤学英语四级模拟题三Part One Reading Comprehension (2 ' x 10 = 20 ') Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp onding letter on the An swer Sheet with a sin gle line through the cen tre. Passage OneScientists are trying to make the deserts into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts so that people can live and grow food. Even so, more and more of the earth is beco ming desert all the time.Why? Scien tists think that people make deserts. People are doing bad things to the earth. Some people on the earth do not get very much rain. Yet, they still do not become deserts. This is because there are some small gree n pla nts grow ing there. Pla nts help keep water in the earth. Pla nts do no t let the wind blow the dirt away. Without pla nts, the land can become a desert much more easily.A man decides to make a farm in a very dry place. He digs in the earth and takes away the grass and plants that are already growing on the dry land.He makes a farm. He puts pla nts in rows. The sun is very hot. It makes the land even drier. Whe n the rain comes, it runs betwee n the row of pla nts. It washes the good dirt away. When the wind comes, it blows betwee n the rows of pla nts. It blows the good dirt away. Soon the land is not good eno ugh for a farm any more. The man lets his ani mals eat all the pla nts on it. Now the land does not have any pla nts on it. The sun and wind dry the land and all of the good dirt away. Now the land is a desert.1. A desert is probably ____________ .A. grassyB. wetC. treelessD. muddy2. Land is beco ming desert because of lack of ____________ .A. rainB. peopleC. windD. pla nts3. Which of the following is NOT the reason why small green plants are very important to dry places?A. They keep the earth from beco ming eve n drier.B. They do not let wind blow the earth away.C. They add color to the dry places.D. They hold water.4. It can be in ferred from the passage that ____________.A. it is bad to pla nt in rows in a dry placeB. it is better to raise animals on dry land than to make a farmC. it is bad to make a farm in a dry place, but it is good to raise ani mals thereD. all la nds that don ' get very much rain are deserts5. What's the writer's purpose in giv ing an example of the man?A. To criticize him.B. To tell an in terest ing story.C. To prove man makes deserts.D. To prove the hot sun makes a desert.Passage TwoFor years, intern ati onal swim ming has bee n con trolled by a small nu mber of powerful n ati ons. The U.S., Russia, Germany and Australia have produced some of the sport 'sfinest players and have won most of the top competiti ons and medals. But the results of this month 'world champi on ships, which are being held in the Australian city of Perth, will not be so easy to predict. Since the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, many new names and nationalities have emerged to take on the world leaders.The 1996 Olympics should have bee n an opport unity for the U.S. to display its great swim ming power, but in stead it faced some embarrass ing defeats. The surprises started on the first day of the competiti ons, when Fred of Belgium ( ⽐利时)set a world record in the competition for 100-metres breast-stroke ( 蛙泳). Never before had Belgium produced an Olympic champion swimmer. Two other countries also won swim ming gold medals for the first time on the ope ning day. Irela nd 'Michell Smith delighted her country with her first of her three gold medals. New Zeala nd also celebrated with Danyon Loader 'gold in the men's 200-metre free style. Loader went on to win the 400 meters later in the competition.By late on the sec ond day, the U.S. team 'officials and coaches were start ing to be surprised. Penny Heyns of South Africa had broke n the wome n 's 100-metre breast-stroke record in the morni ng competiti ons before clai ming gold in the fin al.6. It is hard to predict the results of this month 'champi on ships because ____________ .A. players from differe nt coun tries have sprung up as new champi onsB. many n ames of the players have n'tbee n heardC. a few coun tries have won intern ati onal swimmi ng competiti onsD. the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta was a success7. What the U.S. had to face at the 1996 Olympics was ___________ .A. new swim ming powerB. a big successC. several un pleasa nt failuresD. a great deal of embarrassme nt8. The player of Belgium broke a world record in 100-metre breast-stroke which ____________ .A. it had won beforeB. it has not gai ned beforeC. it had won many timesD. the U.S. had n ever won before9. How many gold medals have the other coun tries won on the ope ning day?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.10. It can be in ferred from the passage that ___________ .A. the U.S. is still the only powerful country in swimmingB. the U.S. has bee n a great swim ming powerC. Irela nd once con trolled intern ati onal swimmi ngD. Belgium had won several world swimming championshipsPart Two Listening Comprehension (35 ')Section A (1 'x 15 = 15 'Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.11. A. He watched television with his friend.B. He stayed at home talking with his friend.C. He went to see a film with his friend.D. He went to see his schoolmate.12. A. 5:10. B. 5:00. C. 4:30. D. 5:15.13. A. At a booking office. B. In a Hong Kong hotel.C. On a busy street.14. A. The next bus is coming soon.B. The bus will wait a few minutes at the stop.C. There are only two or three passengers waiting for the bus.D. They can catch this bus without running.15. A. The wind stopped, but it ' s still raining.B. The rain stopped.C. It is still raining, and the wind is blowing.D. Both the rain and wind stopped.16. A. He decided not to go to New York.B. They won an award recently.C. They are going to organize a dinner.D. No one expected him to move.17. A. A sunny day. B. A nice raincoat.C. An attractive dress.D. A lovely hat.18. A. No one can find the Department.B. He helps people find the Department here.C. He has no idea where to find the Department.D. He is working at the university.Conversation OneQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. He is not satisfied with his present job.B. He worries too much about his grandmother.C. People dislike his food.D. He is going to be fired.20. A. He learned it in a training center of cooking.B. He learned it from his grandmother.C. He learned it from his mother.D. He learned it from his wife.21. A. He dislikes other businessmen.B. He wants to have more chances to go on business.C. He doesn ' w t ant to trouble others.D. He wants to be self-employed.22. A. Whether he would have enough funds.B. Whether his food is to the customers ' taste.C. Whether his family members would support him.D. Whether he can pay less tax to the government.Conversation TwoQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A. Tap dancing and square dancing. B. Tap dancing and belly dancing.C. Folk dancing and square dancing.D. Folk dancing and belly dancing.24. A. Interesting. B. Time-wasting.D. Inspiring.25. A. He does not like to interact with people.B. He doesn'tthinks the dancing course will help him interact with other people.C. He hates the dancing course very much.D. He also wants to take the dancing course so that he could be more confident.Section B (1'x 10 = 1)0 'Directions: In this section, you are going to hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A. Their family members. B. Their relatives.C. Their closest friends.D. Strangers.27. A. To get advice. B. To subscribe.C. To place an advertisement.D. To apply for membership28. A. They are two well-known writers who give advice.B. They are two famous doctors.C. They are two lawyers.D. They are two professors at the New York State Uni versity.Passage TwoQuesti ons 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A. Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B. America ns enjoy eati ng out with their frien ds.C. The United States is a country of immigrants.D. America ns prefer foreig n foods to their own food.30. A. They can make friends with people from other countries.B. They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C. They can practise speak ing foreig n Ian guages there.D. They can meet with bus in essme n from all over the world.31. A. The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.B. The husba nd does the cook ing and the wife serves as the waitress.C. The mother does the cook ing while the father and the childre n wait on the guests.D. A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage ThreeQuesti ons 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A. He went to watch his son play in a hockey game.B. He watched a hockey game on TV with his son.C. He and his son had a very good dinner together at an Italia n restaura nt.D. He called his wife Dana who was appearing in a play in California.33. A. His courage in fighting against his paralysis.B. His love for his 12-year-old son Will.C. His role as Superman in the movie with the same name.D. His ope ning of the first cen ter in the USA devoted to paralyzed people.34. A. A horse riding accident.B. A car accide nt.C. A deadly in fectio n of an in curable disease.D. A sudde n heart attack.35. A. Christopher Reeve loved acting more than anything else in the world.B. Christopher Reeve was as brave as the superman he played in the movie.C. Christopher Reeve ' great comfort was to die with his son at his side.D. Christopher Reeve will be remembered as a spokesma n for the disabled.Sectio n C (1 'x 10 = )0Directions: In this sect ion, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the bla nks with the exact words you have just heard. Fin ally, whe n the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have writte n. (答案请写在答题纸上)Customers differ greatly from country to coun try. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woma n in your coun try? Should you use both hands whe n you are eati ng?The America n and the British not only speak the same Ian guage but also (36) ____________a largenu mber of social customs. For in sta nee, in both coun tries, people shake hands whe n they meet each other for the first time. Also, most En glish will ope n a door for a woma n or (37) ___________ t heir seat to her, andalso will most America ns. Prompt ness is (38) ______________ both in Brita in and America. If a dinner invitation is for 7 o 'clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to (39) _____________the delay.It is relatively com mon both in China and in the west to in vite friends and acqua intances to dinner. However, the customs (40) ____________ with this are ofte n very differe nt in the two cultures, and so both Westerners and Chinese may easily feel (41) _______________ , and misunderstandings may be the result. When Westerners wish to invite people to dinner, it is normal to ask them a week or so in (42) _______ . This is because Wester ners ofte n (43)___________________ quite carefully, and like to plan what they are doing. If less notice than this is given, it is implied that the invitation is a (44)____________________________ , and that it does not matter too much if the peoplecan't accept. So if the host really wants them to come, it is wise to (45)Part Three Vocabulary and Structure (0.5 ' x 20 = 10 ')Directions: There are 20 in complete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresp onding letter on the An swer Sheet with a sin gle line through the cen tre.46. There is _________ e vide nee that stress is partly resp on sible for his faili ng health.A. convincedB. convincingC. condenseD. conden sed47. Ein stei n's theories of ________ con tributed much to the developme nt of scie nee.A. relativityB. relativeC. relativelyD. related48. Scien tists will have to ________ new tech no logies to improve the world ' food and fuel supplies.A. come up withB. come uponC. come onD. come across49. The in visible force was evide nee to Albert ________ there was more to our world tha n meets the eye.A. whereB. whe nC. whoD. that50. He accepted an in vitati on to join the _________ as a full professor.A. focusB. factC. facultyD. face51. Parents should give sound advice to their childre n duri ng their ________ from childhood to man hood.A. tran sferB. tran slateC. tran siti onD. tran smit52. With a _________ of updated in formati on, the website is popular with uni versity stude nts.⼤学英语四级模拟题三（含答案）A. wealthB. healthC. mythD. truth 53. The travel age ncy ________ in adve nture trips, which attract young people eager for challe nges. A. specialize B. specializes C. special 54. I don ' think that the amount of studying you did in high good marks in uni versity. A. manufacture B. spon sor 55. The sweaters are made of wool D. specific school would be sufficient for youtoC. attractD. atta in from Australia.A. importi ngB. importedC. import 56. Being the son of a professor does not qualify him _______ A. to B. for C. atD. be imported the scholarship con sideration. D. as 57. From all the in dicati on s, it is safe to A. con sume B. assure _ that the prices of cars will go dow n by large margins. C. resume D. assume 58. He retur ned to his hometow n so that he could ________ his passi on for football. A. in dulge B. break C. limit D. obsess 59. They expected a livi ng space with water _________ abundant that it could supply their n eeds forever. A. so B. such C. too D. as 60. She failed to call the police to __________h er appo in tme nt. A. greet B. retreat C. puzzle D. cancel61. He has just heard that he has bee n _________ by Oxford Uni versity. A. resp on ded B. accepted C. allowed D. adjusted 62._____________________________________________ The movie I went to see with Karen last ni ght_____________________________________________ me of my boyhood in New York City. A. min ded B. recalled C. remin ded D. remembered It seems that the young Albert Ein stein was n ever exactly an ordi nary child. When he was 5 years oldand sick in bed, he was given a (66) _____________ called a compass. He lay there (67) ____________ andtwisti ng it, certa in he could fool it into poin ti ng off in a new direct ion. But try as he might, his (68) were in va _________ his in tellect and ign ited ( 点燃)his in spirati on. Not on ly was he passionately curious, he was alsopersistent and would not easily give up on aproblem. He had the patie nee and determ in ati on that kept him at things (71) _______ tha n most others.At age 12, Albert Einstein came upon a set of ideas that impressed him as sacred"(神圣的).He was in spired to ( ______________________ mathematics as the tool he would use to (73) __________ his curiosity. His true genius lay in his ability to express (74) __________ ideas in simple terms. Einstein' s wealth of i(75) _________ he was still a young man of 26, although he n ever stopped look ing for an swers.Part Five Translation （答案请写在答题纸上）63. Annual sales of hun dreds of products now marked un der the Proctor & Gamble umbrella ________ thirty billi on dollars. A. exact B. expect C. exceed D. except 64. The local gover nment 'sdecisi on to reduce un employme nt ben efits en raged the workers who were laid offand they _________ viole nt protest.Directions: Complete sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.76. If you do have finan cial difficulties, you can ____________________________________ ( 申请学⽣贷款).77. While I admit that there are problems, _____________________________________ ( 我并不认为这些问题不能解决).78. To most of the tee nagers, whe n it comes to ___________________________________ ( 既舒服⼜时尚的⾐着),nothing beats T-shirt and jeans.79. ________________________________________________Thoughts are (通过语⾔来表达的). 80. A great man can_______________________________________ (控制困难的局⾯ )by force ofcharacter.A. resortedB. resorted toC. sortedD. sorted to 65. I had no idea because _________ I thought about idioms__________ sure I was what they were. A. the Ion ger, the less B. the less, the Ion ger C. the long, the less D. the Ion ger, the little Part Four Ban ked Cloze(1'x 10 = 10Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the wordsin the bank more tha n once.(请在答题纟纸上写单词对应的字母代号) ___Part Six Writing(答案请写在答题纸上)(15 ' x 仁15')Directions: For this part, you are required to write a short essay on the topic My Views on Travelling on Holidays. You should write at least 120 words (no more than 150 words) based on the topic sentence for each paragraph:1. 越来越多的⼈们选择假期旅⾏，以此放松⾃⼰，愉悦⾝⼼。
大学英语四级考试模拟试题
大学英语四级考试模拟试题根据大学英语四级考试的题型和难度，以下是一份模拟试题，供考生练习。
请认真审题，合理安排时间，尽力发挥自己的英语水平。
Part I: Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. (A) He found the book he was looking for.(B) He bought some other books instead.(C) He should have borrowed the book from the library.(D) He lost the book he needed for the report.2. (A) Her flight to London is delayed.(B) Her friend's flight is right on time.(C) Her friend still has time to catch the plane.(D) Her friend is going to miss the plane.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.3. (A) He didn't find the course very interesting.(B) The course was more difficult than he expected.(C) The course met his expectations.(D) He regretted taking the course.4. (A) Newspapers are no longer used.(B) The phone book is still useful.(C) The phone book was stolen.(D) Some newspapers should be thrown away.5. (A) He received a promotion.(B) He was laid off.(C) He was offered a different job.(D) He was demoted.Part II: Reading Comprehension (20 minutes)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage OneQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Like Chinese Emperor Qin Shihuang, Nero, and Adolf Hitler, Winston Churchill will always be remembered as a great historical figure known for his passion and vision, but also as a mass murderer. Considered a great statesman, Churchill is celebrated for his leadership during World War II. But he was also responsible for the strategic bombing campaign1 carried out by the Royal Air Force in Germany during the final stages of the war. The bombing campaign wa s seen as a war crime, and Churchill’s role remains a source of great controversy.6. Who will always be remembered as a great historical figure according to the passage?(A) Qin Shihuang.(B) Nero.(C) Winston Churchill.(D) Adolf Hitler.7. What was Winston Churchill celebrated for?(A) His passion and vision.(B) His role in the bombing campaign.(C) His leadership during World War II.(D) His strategic planning skills.8. What does the passage say about Churchill’s role in the bo mbing campaign?(A) It was widely praised.(B) It was considered a war crime.(C) It ended the war quickly.(D) It was a brilliant strategy.9. According to the passage, Churchill’s role in the bombing campaign isa source of what?(A) Great celebration.(B) Controversy.(C) Regret.(D) Historical significance.10. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Churchill should be remembered as a war hero.(B) Churchill’s role in the bombing campaign is widely praised.(C) Churchill’s legacy is controversial.(D) Churchill is a forgotten historical figure.Passage TwoQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Contrary to popular belief, there are benefits to being an introvert. Introverts are often highly creative and are known for their focus and independence. While extroverts thrive in social situations, introverts excel in solitude. It is important for society to value and appreciate the unique qualities introverts bring to the table.11. What is said about introverts in the passage?(A) They are better at socializing than extroverts.(B) They are known for their focus and independence.(C) They are never creative.(D) They thrive in group activities.12. How do introverts differ from extroverts according to the passage?(A) Introverts enjoy solitude.(B) Introverts are more talkative.(C) Introverts dislike creativity.(D) Extroverts are better at focusing.13. What is important according to the passage?(A) Society should ignore introverts.(B) Society should value the unique qualities of introverts.(C) Society should only appreciate extroverts.(D) Introverts should try to be more like extroverts.14. What do introverts excel in according to the passage?(A) Group activities.(B) Solitude.(C) Creativity.(D) Socializing.15. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Society values introverts.(B) Introverts are more social than extroverts.(C) The benefits of being an introvert.(D) Being an introvert is a disadvantage.Part III: Translation (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your Answer Sheet.16. 为了更好地适应新的工作环境，我正在学习一门新的外语。
大学英语英语四级模拟题(答案) (3)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. David, who was spoilt, having been born with a _____ spoon in his mouth, was a very difficult student.A. diamondB. ironC. goldD. silver2. A completely new situation will ______ when the examination system comes into existence.A. riseB. ariseC. raiseD. arouse3. A drunk man walked in, ______ both in appearance and odor.A. repulsiveB. reluctantC. reproachfulD. reputed4. A friendship may be _____, casual, situational or deep and lasting.A. identicalB. originalC. superficialD. critical5. A good teacher must know how to _____ his ideas.A. conveyB. displayC. consultD. confront6. Bacon and eggs _______ common Sunday breakfast in EnglanD.A. is anB. are theC. is aD. are7. Mr. Ma can not only play ______ chess very well but also play _______ piano.A. /, /B. the, /C. /, aD. /, the8. Although most dreams apparently happen________, dream activity may be provoked by external influence.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogenouslyD. instantaneously9. Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s _____ policies.A. economicalB. economyC. economicD. economics10. Although sports ______ the household. Joe drew the line when theyinterfered with family traditions and routine.A. overwhelmedB. affectedC. dominatedD. influenced11. His father had promised to buy him a computer ______ he behaved himself.A. in caseB. whileC. afterD. provided12. They climbed to the top of the hill _______ they could get a bird's-eye view of the city.A. for fear thatB. in order thatC. in caseD. as a result13.“Were the examinations difficult?”“Not at all. In fact, I found ______ .”A、it easy to doB、very easy to do themC、them easy to doD、them easy doing14.The local health organization is reported ____ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.A、to be set upB、being set upC、to have been set upD、having been set up15. These open-air concerts are often attended by ____ audience if the weather is fine.A、a number ofB、a great number ofC、a large manyD、a large16. ____ several times, but he still doesn’t know how to do it properly.A、Being shownB、Having shownC、Having been shownD、I’ve shown him17. A rumor began to spread here some time ago ____ there would be another SARS case in the city.A、whichB、whereC、whenD、that18. One side of the board should be painted yellow, and ____ white.A、the other isB、anotherC、the otherD、another is19.Hurry up,_ you will miss the first train. ( )A.andB.thenC.butD.or that20.The shirt doesn't fit me.it's. small for me. ( )A.to muchB.much tooC.too manyD.many to二、翻译（共5小题，每小题3分；共计15分）1、 The train was delayed on account of snow.翻译：__________________________________________________.2. You need to check in on hour before the flight.翻译：___________________________________________________3．那天在街上散步的时候，我碰到了一位老朋友。
大学英语四级考试综合分类模拟试卷(有解析)
大学英语四级考试综合分类模拟试卷Part ⅠWritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1、你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好)可以胜任学生会主席的工作，(2) 如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么。
Part ⅡClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD. on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Street food is food that is prepared, sold and eaten on city streets. Street food is an important part of the 2 of people in developing countries. An 3 2,500 million people worldwide eat street food. This kind of food is 4 in cost, tasty, nutritious and easy to serve, it is designed for the lives of busy people in large cities.But buyers must be careful 5 health risks. Street food sellers in developing countries often 6 the storage, cooking and cooling equipment necessary to 7 the formation of dangerous bacteria. 8 some conditions, a single bacterium can grow into seventeen-million disease-carrying organisms in just eight hours. The lack of clean 9 water and waste removal systems also 10 the risk of infection.The Food and Agriculture Organization is leading an effort to make street food 11 . 12 the past fifteen years, it has helped officials 13 street food in more than twenty cities worldwide. 14 , FAO officials have been working 15 the South African government 16 such a project. The UN agency produced a food safety teaching 17 for public health officials. The guide offers suggestions 18 how to prepare food 19 . A videotape shows 20 producing safe food results in 21 business.2、A. dinners B. diets C. meals D. drinks3、A. investigated B. informed C. estimated D. assumed4、A. low B. high C. good D. poor5、A. for B. about C. on D. of6、A. keep B. prepare C. lack D. need7、A. help B. promote C. stop D. prevent8、A. With B. On C. Under D. For9、A. running B. dripping C. pumping D. flowing10、A. removes B. relieves C. increases D. reduces11、A. poorer B. nicer C. better D. safer12、A. Over B. By C. With D. For13、A. improve B. produce C. reduce D. introduce14、A. Furthermore B. However C. For example D. Consequently15、A. for B. with C. towards D. at16、A. in B. for C. with D. on17、A. guide B. book C. guidance D. paper18、A. to B. on C. of D. with19、A. fast B. deliciously C. safely D. carefully20、A. how B. what C. when D. why21、A. improved B. decreased C. developed D. increasedPart ⅢTranslationDirections: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.22、The substance does not dissolve in water ______ (不管是否加热)。
英语四级模拟题(含答案详解)
PartⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay e ntitled Food Contamination. You should write at least 120 words following the outlin e given below:1. 最近常有食品安全的问题出现；2. 食品安全问题危害很大；3. 你认为应该如何解决该问题。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quic kly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the b est answer from the choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8 to10, com plete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Using the mind to fight diseasesPsychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, toget her with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals and research centers, modern methods of therapy see m to focus on the physical disease without considering the patients' mental state. Patients may feel that they are being treated impersonally, like broken machines. S ome doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy with patients to use their own minds to fight their diseases. Because the patient is working with the medicine and the doctors against the disease, his or he r attitude changes. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cur e him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.Mental therapyThe doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient (in this case, a man) changes because of the disease. He is not o nly physically affected, but as the physician knows, he also has an emotional resp onse to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior chang e. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient 's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Car l Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient (in this case, a woma n) has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her s elf-image is poor and she feels self-pity. As a result, her behavior changes. Becau se of her constant depression, she acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctor s, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent the patient from getting well. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change her attitudes. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the whole patient by treating both the body an d the mind.The attitude of a cancer patient who is receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray tr eatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psy chological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤）in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hi tting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Si monton might make another suggestion. This patient, with a different kind of cancer, needs to take capsules and pills several times a day. The doctor asks the patient to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the dis eased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying. His or her blood carries aw ay the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of p sychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves chang e. They become more confident because they use the power within their own mind s to help stop the disease.Suggestion therapyAnother application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of sugg estion therapy. Before making the suggestion, the doctor helps the patient to conce ntrate deeply. The patient (in this case, a man)thinks only about one thing. He bec omes so unaware of other things around him that he seems to be asleep. He is s aid to be in a trance （催眠状态）. Then the physician makes "a suggestion" to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance.. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.Suggestion therapy helpful for both adults and childrenDoctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with t he strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient(in this c ase, a woman) worries about her illness so much That the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Su ch treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘）is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient t o have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fig ht to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treatin g children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated b y it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had excellent r esults. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less fr equently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also fel t better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.Response from the medical worldMany professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psycholo gy because they recognize its value. Nobody knows how suggestion works; howeve r, doctors have learned that psychology has important applications in medicine.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A) How to use the mind against disease.B) How modern methods of therapy focuses on the physical disease.C) Response from the medical world.D) How suggestion therapy benefits to adults and children.2. How does psychological therapy work?A) The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.B) The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient's problems.C) The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.D) The patient uses his minds to cure himself.3. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?A) The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.B)The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.C)The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.D)Few patients have emotional response to the disease.4. The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that .A) the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without itB) the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cellsC) the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changedD) the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them5. , the patient can use his mind to help his body respond to treatment.A) In medical treatmentB) In mental therapyC) In the tumor operationD) In suggestion therapy6. It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to .A) help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseasesB) help the patients with chronic diseasesC) help change bad habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related pr oblemsD) help patient overcome insomnia7. According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?A) Many doctors have recognized the psychological valueB) Suggestion therapy is helpful for both adults and childrenC) Medical researchers have known how suggestion worksD) Doctors have learned that psychology is important in medical treatment注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上作答；8－10题在答题卡1上。
大学英语四级模拟试卷235(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级模拟试卷235(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay “A Letter to the Editor-in- chief about a Newly-published English Magazine “. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 假设你是李明，请你就一本新近出版的英语学习杂志写一封评价信，内容应涉及杂志的版面设计(layout)、文章内容、难易度、实用性、价格等，可以评价其特色和受欢迎之处，也可以提出你的建议、构想和要求。
以下是该杂志的主要栏目，仅供写作时参考：news channel(新闻频道)，humor(幽默故事)，tales of life(人生广角)，classic prose(经典文选)，kaleidoscope(万花筒)，learning aid(教与学)，easy readings(轻松读物)，New CET(Band 4 and 6)(聚焦新四、六级考试)，basic grammar(英语语法ABC)，corner of literature(文学角)，practice in writing(习作园地)等。
正确答案： A Letter to the Editor-in-chief about A Newly-Published English MagazineDear Editor-in-Chief, My name is Li Ming, a regular reader of your English magazine. Young as it is, this magazine has grown in popularity among us students, which is mainly attributed to its outstanding characteristics. Firstly, with quite a few exquisite illustrations, the magazine’s new page layout so impresses me that I cannot help picking it up and looking it through. What’s more important, your magazine offers a huge amount of valuable reading materials for readers at various levels. For example, “news channel” helps us keep track of what’s happening around the world. “classical prose” and “corner of literature” turn out to be the best choice for literature lovers. “CET (Band 4- and 6)”offers practical guidance to prepare us well for the examination, which arouses much concern for many college students. By the way, the reasonable price distinguishes your magazine from others so that we college students can easily afford it. May I put forward a suggestion? Would you mind providing cassettes for the articles of your magazine so that we can practise our listening and oral English as we appreciate the beautiful lines? Wish your magazine a greater success in time to come. Yours sincerely, Li Ming Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.American Karoshi (过劳死) Workaholics(工作狂)in America A thin, 40-something man with scattered white hair and wan(苍白的)complexion looked up from his notebook in a church basement on Manhattan’s Upper West Side. “Hi, I’m Emerson,” he said, “and I’m addicted to work.”“Hi, Emerson,” answered his companions. Emerson is a lecturer at a major university in the New York area. In addition to his course load, he developed two new classes last semester, submitted a book-length manuscript for publication and served as executive director of a small not-for-profit corporation. “In my own eyes I’m a lazy sloth(懒惰的人),” he declared. He even agonized over coming to this evening’s Workaholics Anonymous meeting. He couldn’t shake the thought of running home to update his telephone list. “I just feel compelled to do this,”he said. “It’s insanity.”What makes workaholics of America Emerson is not alone. His condition is a product of the society that surrounds him. Joan Feldman of an investment firm in Tower 2 of the World Trade Center barely got out of the building after the first airliner crashed into Tower 1 on 11 September. While hurrying down the stairs from the 88th floor, she heard an announcement over the Center’s public-address system ordering employees back to work. “I would be dead,” said Ms Feldman when asked what would have happened if she had obeyed. America’s obsession with work has reached epidemic proportions, according to Dr Bryan E. Robinson, family therapist and author of the 1998 book, Chained to the Desk (New York University Press). He believes that workaholism is a disease that kills people and ruins families. In New York, time is money, and since one’s worth is measured by ability to earn, overwork isn’t just a good idea, it’s the law of supply and demand. According to psychiatrist Dr Jay B. Rohrlich, in Hollywood where one’s appearance is paramount(至高无上的), the same problems might manifest themselves in anorexia(厌食症). But in New York, where working excessively to achieve success is the norm, people go overboard. “When your drive controls you, instead of you controlling it, it can be the sign of underlying problems,” he points out. That equation is reinforced by new technologies which make workaholics of all of us. When Marilyn Machlowitz wrote Workaholics in 1980, things were very different. “We didn’t have faxes, cell phones, cell phones with e-mail, beepers, Palm Pilots. Workaholics used to be the people who would work anytime, anywhere. What has changed is that it has become the norm to be on call 24/7. Now that’s something that doesn’t cause anyone to blink. Globalization has really changed a lot of our work habits.” People in the financial industry check in with London when they arrive for work in the morning and don’t stop until the Nikkei(日经指数)starts up at eight or nine in the evening. “The demand has increased to a point where it may be faster than people are hardwired(日经指数) to handle. And we haven’t seen all that high-tech has to offer yet, either.” Twenty years ago we had enforced downtime, noted Ms Machlowitz: “If we had to send a draft of a document to someone, we had time before they received it in the mail, read it and mailed it back demanding changes. That time has collapsed to nothing. ‘Right away’has a new definition.” A study on workaholics A study recently conducted by the health insurer Oxford Health Plans found that one in five Americans show up for work whether they’re ill, injured or have a medical appointment. This same obsession keeps one in five Americansfrom taking their vacation —a failure which has been found to put individuals at risk of early death. “Vacationitis (假日病)” may come from fear of returning to find someone else at your desk, or the idea that everything will collapse in your absence. Workaholics Anonymous(无名氏工作儿) meeting publishes a list of telltale signs including: working more than 40 hours a week; taking work with you to bed, on weekends and on vacation; talking about work more than any other subject; believing its’ okay to work long hours if you love what you do; thinking about working while driving, falling asleep or when others are talking. To New Yorkers, of course, these are simply the habits of successful people. The International Labor Office released findings that after passing the Japanese as the world’s most overworked population in the mid-1990s, Americans have pulled way ahead of the pack. Americans now work an average of 1, 979 hours a year, about three-and-a-half weeks more than the Japanese, six-and-a-half weeks more than the British and about twelve-and-a-half weeks more than their German counterparts. Patrick Cleary of the National Association of Manufacturers told the New York Times, “We don’t see this necessarily as bad news at all,” pointing out that the increase in hours coincided with a strong economic performance. Companies often compensate for America’s chronic shortage of skilled laborers with demands of forced overtime. But while an inflated salary can dull the pains of overwork, excessive job stress can cause permanent degenerative(不断恶化的)damage to the heart. Workaholics deserve more attention In Japan, if a ,salary man” is found slumped over his keyboard in the morning, it triggers survivors to call for a Karoshi investigation to determine whether the death was caused by overwork. In New York the coroner(验尸官)would call the same condition heart failure. Cardiac disease (心脏病)is a complex malady affected by diet, activity, smoking, drinking and stress —and it occurs in epidemic proportions in the US. But coroners and judges refuse to entertain the notion that inordinate work stress can cause death. “If someone is working 14 hours a day, that person is not going to be eating right,” said one physician at New York’s Beth Israel Medical Center, who asked that his name not be revealed. “They’re not going to have time for a nice home-cooked meal. That means fast food and increased cholesterol (胆固醇). Secondly, the time constraints will not permit them to exercise. And if the person is a workaholic, often they’re going to be a smoker or, if they’re really stressed out, a drinker.”An explosion in karoshi cases accompanied Japan’s economic boom in the early 1980s. Since karoshi was legally recognized in the 1980s, 30,000 Japanese have been diagnosed as victims. The large number of work-related deaths spurred Tokyo to legislate a national pension system for surviving members of karoshi victims’ families. But Washington continues to fail to react to such stimuli. US courts give no money to damage claims by overworked Americans. The law seems to suggest that if everyone is overworked to the point of debilitation(虚弱), none therefore warrants compensation. This makes America’s Protestant work ethic a Puritan plague and affirms anthropologist Marshall Sahlins’s comment that the market system has handed down to human beings a sentence of “life at hard labor”.2．From his appearance, we know that Emerson was exhausted by his work.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A3．Besides his work as a lecturer at a major university, Emerson also ran a corporation to earn more money,A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B4．According to the author, there are few people who are so addicted to work like Emerson.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B5．Dr. Bryan E Robinson believes that workaholism is also a disease which can be cured with medicine.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：C6．The author believes that new technologies contribute to the workaholics of modern people.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：A7．People maybe suffer from vacationitis because they don’t want to waste money during vacations.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：B8．According to the findings released by the international Labour Office, the British people occupy the third place among the world’s most overworked population.A．YB．NC．NG正确答案：C9．If a “salary man”is found slumped over his keyboard, his death may be considered ______ in the US.正确答案：heart failure10．One physician at New York’s Beth Israel Medical Center believed that if a person is a workaholic, usually he will be a ______.正确答案：smoker or drinker11．Unlike Japan, the US still fails to legislate a national pension system for ______.正确答案：surviving members of karoshi victims’ familiesPart III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.听力原文：M: Let’s go to see the movie at the student center tonight.W: I’d like to, but I am going to a lecture.Q: What is the man going to do tonight?12．A．Go to a theatre.B．Go to a dance.C．Go to the students’ center.D．Go to a lecture.正确答案：D听力原文：M: Hello, can you tell me if the museum will be open Saturday evening?W: Hold the line, please. I’ll find out.Q: What does the woman tell the man to do?13．A．Find out the place for her.B．Wait while she gets the information he wants.C．Hang up the telephone.D．Ask someone else.正确答案：B听力原文：M: I liked Mr Johnson’s speech, it’s exciting and humorous.W: So did I, but Mr White’s talk was even better.Q: What did the woman think of Mr Johnson’s speech?14．A．She didn’t like it.B．She thought it was better than Mr White’s.C．She thought it was not as good as Mr White’s.D．She thought it was as good as Mr White’s.正确答案：C听力原文：M: There’s a limit of three books for each.W: Fine. I’ll return them on time.Q: Where does this conversation take place?15．A．At the library.B．At the restaurant.C．At the office.D．At the airport.正确答案：A听力原文：M: Didn’t you go to the party last night either?W: No, I caught a cold.Q: What do you know from this conversation?16．A．That the man went to the party, but the woman did not.B．That the woman went to the party, but the man did not.C．Neither of them went to the party.D．Both of them went to the party.正确答案：C听力原文：M: How much does this shirt cost?W: Oh, they are on sale today. 30 dollars each or 50 dollars for two.Q: How much does the man pay for two shirts?17．A．30 dollars.B．55 dollars.C．60 dollars.D．50 dollars.正确答案：D听力原文：M: What time is your friend arriving?W: She was supposed to catch the morning bus but she called to say she missed it. So she plans to take the noon bus which will get her here about dinner time.Q: When will her friend arrive?18．A．In the morning.B．At noon.C．In the evening.D．At night.正确答案：C听力原文：M: My typewriter doesn’t work.W: Why not ask Peter?Q: What does the woman mean?19．A．She doesn’t want to ask Peter herself.B．She thinks Peter can fix the typewriter.C．She thinks Peter can buy him a new typewriter.D．Peter’s typewriter doesn’t work either.正确答案：B听力原文：M: Hello, everyone. We’re talking about Stella Hampton, famous Hollywood actress. Before the break, we were talking about your life, Stella, before you became a big star.W: Yes... Oh, but do we have to?M: Well, I think it’s interesting. And I think our listeners will find it interesting, too. I mean, you didn’t become a big star overnight. You struggled for many years.W: You can say that again.M: Tell us a little about it.W: Oh, yes. I think I must have worked twenty or thirty different jobs.M: Really?W: Sure! I couldn’t find work as an actress for many years, so I had to do something. You have to eat, right?M: What kind of jobs did you have?W: A little bit of everything: I worked as a waitress, in a department store, painting houses... I think I got fired from most of those stores.M: Oh, yeah? Come on, tell us a few stories.W: This is so embarrassing... Well, I remember I worked for a big department store in the hats department. It was so boring. We never had any customers during the day, and that’s when I worked. When I got sleepy, I used to lie down under the hat racks and take an occasional nap.M: What happened?W: Well, one day I got caught by my boss.And I got fired on the spot. Then there was the time I decided to paint house. It turned out that I was allergic to the paint. And my body was so sore after working the first day that I could hardly get out of the bed the next day. I couldn’t take the physical work. I got fired again.M: Any other war stories?W: Well... you are not going to believe this, but I actually drove a taxi for a few days. I got hired as a cab driver.M: No! You?W: Yes. I was desperate and thought I could make good tips. I needed the money at the time. Unfortunately, it didn’t lust.M: Fired?W: Yes. How did you guess? On my third day, I hit a pole. No one was hurt in the accident —my passenger was fine —but it scared me to death. That was the end of my career as a driver.M: Well, Stella, thank you for sharing those details with us. It’s a good thing you made it as an actress! After the commercial break, we’ll talk more with Stella about her new movie that’s being released in September.20．A．When she was working in a department store.B．When she was working for a painting house.C．When she was working in a taxi company.D．When she was working as an actress in Hollywood.正确答案：A21．A．Because she couldn’t stand the paint and therefore couldn’t do the job any more.B．Because she got up late and therefore wasn’t in time for work.C．Because she was not strong enough to do physical work.D．Because she felt bored and didn’t show due enthusiasm.正确答案：A22．A．She made good tips.B．She was fined because she drove desperately.C．She hit a pole and was fired again.D．Her passenger was badly hurt in an accident.正确答案：C听力原文：Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome. I’m sure we have all heard the expression, “Think Green’. Tonight we are going to talk about ways we can “Act Green” in our everyday life. The best place to start, of course, is in the home. Every day, people all over the world are hurting the environment without even knowing it. For example, busy families buy paper napkins and plastic food wrap at the supermarket. This helps them save time on housework, but after these things have been used, what happens to them? They go into the garbage heap. In manyplaces, especially in North America, big cities are running ont of places to throw the garbage. What can we do about it? How can we cut down on garbage? Well, we can start using cloth napkins and cloth towels instead of paper towels. When we go grocery shopping, we can choose products that are not “over-packaged”. For example, lust week I bought a package of cookies. The cookies were in a bag. There was a plastic tray inside the bag, and then each cookie was in its own little package on the tray in the bag! That’s over- packaging! We should also take our own bags to the grocery store to carry things home in.23．A．Food processing.B．Environmental protection.C．Shopping habits.D．Over-packaging problems.正确答案：B24．A．They help people save time on housework.B．They go into the garbage heap.C．They are harmful to the environment.D．They make products more expensive.正确答案：C25．A．Take their bags to the grocery store.B．Buy things that are over-packaged.C．Not buy cloth towels.D．Not throw away their cloth towel.正确答案：A听力原文：M: Hi, Mary! Do you want to start writing a lab report after we finish this experiment?W: I can’t. In fact I need to finish early because I’m going over to the psychology department to talk to Professor Smith about a job opening.M: You mean a job on campus.W: Yeah. And it sounds pretty interesting. It involves study and learning styles. You know, about how some people learn best by sight while others learn best by hearing or touch.M: Yeah. I know that’s an area of expertise.W: Right. Anyway, for her study she’s taking some high school students who aren’t doing very well in their classes and testing them to find out what their learning styles are. Then tutors, people like me, will work with them presenting material to them in their particular learning style.M: Hey. That is interesting. Now will you mostly do the testing or the tutoring?W: Both I hope. I want to be involved from start to finish.M:Are you getting paid for this?W: I’m sure we’ll get something, though, probably not much. Anyway, it doesn’t matter to me. I just want to have some hand-on experience.M: Yeah. And it’ll be nice to help those high school students, too.W: That’s what I thought when I saw the ad. You know you could do it, too. You don’t have to be in her classes to work on the study.M: Really? Do you have any idea what the schedule is like?W: Late afternoon then evening for tutoring I think. After all the kids are in regular classes until three thirty.M: Actually that’s perfect for me.W: Then come along. We will save the lab report for later. But we’d better make sure we do a good job on our experiment first.M: Yeah. First thing’s first.26．A．Chemistry assignment.B．A study that their chemistry professor did.C．A class that the woman is taking.D．A job possibility.正确答案：D27．A．She wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab.B．She wants to get practical experience.C．She’s interested in becoming a psychology major.D．She wants to earn extra money.正确答案：B28．A．Employ them as lab assistants.B．Teach classes at their high school.C．Help them with their studies.D．Pay them for participating in the study.正确答案：C29．A．Write their lab reports.B．Find out Professor Smith’s schedule.C．Interview some high school students.D．Finish their chemistry experiment.正确答案：D听力原文：For years, children in the industrial areas of Europe and America seldom left their smoky cities to see the beauties of the countryside. This was not because the woods and fields were always far away, but because they were too farfrom the city to permit people to make a day trip between morning and nightfall. In 1907, a young German schoolmaster had an idea which changed this state of affairs. He decided to turn his little schoolhouse into a dormitory for the summer holidays. Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the schoolhouse was much too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle nearby. This was the first Youth Hostel. Today, young students and workers of every country can meet in the hostels and get to know each other. When young people arrive at a hostel, they have only to show their card of membership in a hostel organization in their own country. This card will permit them to use the facilities of hostels all over the world for a very low price.30．A．Because industrialization had damaged the beauties of the countryside.B．Because the woods and fields were too far away to be visited.C．Because they found it impossible to make a trip within one day.D．Because their parents did not permit them to go to far away places.正确答案：C31．A．He changed his school into a dorm for the young.B．He allowed young holiday makers to use his schoolhouse as a dorm during the summer.C．He built a small house for his students to stay in during the summer holidays.D．He set up a Youth Hostel nearby an old castle for young travelers.正确答案：B32．A．A membership card.B．A sleeping bag.C．A letter of introduction.D．Cooking equipment.正确答案：A33．A．An economical way of traveling for the young.B．Importance of physical training to students.C．Effects of industrialization on tourism.D．The origin of the Youth Hostel.正确答案：DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.34．A．It means “rich land” .B．It means “merchants’ harbor”.C．It means “beautiful garden”.D．It means “motherland”.正确答案：B35．A．Set fire to it.B．Moved in it.C．Besieged it.D．Withdraw from it.正确答案：C听力原文：Glasgow’s history stretches back almost two thousand years and has been rich and varied. Originally a small salmon-fishing village at a crossing point on the River Clyde, Glasgow has been shaped by Battles, World Wide Trade and Heavy Industry to become a truly International City. Founded by a Christian missionary (St Mungo), Glasgow became a major religious centre. Mungo’s original church was destroyed by the wars which swept the country in the years after his death. Today’s Cathedral dates from the 12th Century and has been added to in the years which followed. Provand’s Lordship, the oldest house in Glasgow was built over 500 years ago for the Lord of Provan, an official of the Cathedral. The house still welcomes visitors today to view its proud history. In 1451 Glasgow became a University City. Glasgow University was originally built in the High Street area of the city, but was moved to its present site in Glasgow’s West end in 1870. Glasgow has also been the site of many battles. Bishop’s Castle once stood on the site now occupied by Glasgow’s Royal Infirmary. Here, in 1300, William Wallace (of “Braveheart” fame) with 300 men defeated an army of 1000 English Knights who had taken possession of the castle under the English Bishop of Durham. Two centuries later the castle was again the scene of battle when two opposing forces fought for control of the Crown of Scotland then in the possession of the baby, Mary Queen of Scots. Due to its location on the west of the country, Glasgow was well positioned to send shipping to the West Indies and America. By the 18th century many merchants had acquired great wealth by importing sugar, rum and tobacco. Thus were born theTobacco Lords who built fabulous mansions in the city.36．A．An official of the Cathedral.B．A Christian missionary.C．Lord of Provan.D．Some English knights.正确答案：B37．A．In 1451.B．In 1870.C．In 1300.D．In 1735.正确答案：A38．A．In the 12th century.B．By the 18th century.C．In 1451.D．In 1870.正确答案：D39．A．Because it had fabulous mansions in the city.B．Because there were many wealthy merchants there.C．Because it is located on the west of the city.D．Because Glasgow has also been the site of many battles.正确答案：CSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the You don’t find many people these days who would keep a bee in their purse. But catching the first bee seen in the spring was once 【B1】______ the height of good luck, and if you kept it in your purse, you were certain never to be short of money. Probably because you would be too afraid to 【B2】______ it! This is just one of themany superstitions surrounding bees. Next time a bee flies in through your window, expect a visitor very shortly. Take a closer look at the bee: if it has a 【B3】______ tail, your visitor will be a man, a white tail means a woman. If the bee happens to be buzzing at the living-room window, make sure there’s an 【B4】______ supply of food-your visitor is 【B5】______ intending to stay a while. 【B6】______ you do, don’t drive the bee out of the house. That would bring 【B7】______ bad luck. And were you 【B8】______ hat bees dislike bad behavior? 【B9】______ . A hive or two would provide some honey in the summer months and it wasn’t unusual to have a few hives in the back garden. You would never consider owning a hive of bees if your family was quarrelsome. 【B10】______ . Bad languages should never be used near beehives as it disturbs the bees, affecting their honey-making. Bees, it seems, are paragons of virtue. And make sure you have had a bath if you are going to collect honey from a hive. Bees are fussy about cleanliness. 【B11】______ . Bees also have mixed feelings where water is concerned because tradition has it that if you move a hive of bees, they must never be taken across a stream or river because they will all die.40．【B1】正确答案：considered41．【B2】正确答案：open42．【B3】正确答案：red43．【B4】正确答案：ample44．【B5】正确答案：probably45．【B6】正确答案：whatever46．【B7】正确答案：increasingly47．【B8】正确答案：aware48．【B9】正确答案：Years ago, bee-keeping was much more common49．【B10】正确答案：A magazine of the 1850s declared that ‘if a man and his wife quarrel, the bees will leave them’50．【B11】正确答案：And it was once advised that the person who took the honey should be well washed and cleanPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The provision of social care is among the most labor-intensive occupations. BS Social Care has experts in the field and so is sensitive to the varied and highly specific needs of the Care community. BS Social Care specializes in providing both temporary and 【S1】______ social care staff to organizations which are part of local authorities within the National Health Service, voluntary bodies, charities and private 【S2】______ care providers. Our clients are always looking for staff that have experience in working with people in the following fields: childcare, youth work, older people, mental health, learning 【S3】______ , physical disabilities and vulnerable(脆弱的) adults. BS Social Care offers both work that will fit in with your own personal 【S4】______ . So, if you are looking for part-time work with 【S5】______ hours, full time work whilst looking for a permanent job, your first locnm (临时代理) position after qualifying or even extra hours alongside your own job, we will search for the right position to meet your individual needs. Our in-depth knowledge of local companies will give you that extra advantage when looking for work. Staff seeking permanent placements will benefit from our。
大学英语四级考试综合分类模拟试卷(有答案)
大学英语四级考试综合分类模拟试卷Part ⅠWritingDirections: Write a composition based on the following instructions.1、Have you ever heard the saying "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" (只工作,不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻). How do you interpret it and how are you going to act it out? Write a composition titled Let's Learn to Relax. You should write at least 120 words.文中应包括以下要点：(1)我对这一谚语的理解；(2)人们可以选择多种方式放松自己；(3)我打算怎样做。
Part ⅡError correctionDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In, this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧)in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank.Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? Thesixth is a muscular sense responsible for direction your muscles 1. ______intelligently -- to the exact extent necessary for each action youperform. For example, when you reach an object, the sensory 2. ______nerves link the muscles to the brain stop your hand at the collect 3. ______spot. This automatic perception of the position of your musclesin relation to the object is your muscular sense in action.Muscles various from one five-thousandths of an inch to 4. ______about three inches. They have three unique characteristics: theycan become shorter and thicker, they can stretch; and they canretract to their original positions. Under a high-power 5. ______microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with agrainy texture as wood. 6. ______More than half of a person's body is composed of musclefibers, most of them are involuntary --in other words, work 7. ______without conscious direction. The involuntary muscles, those that 8. ______we move consciously to perform particular actions, numbering 9.______more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 4 percent asmany muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an 10. ______average woman can't lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard asan average man.Part ⅢTranslationDirections: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.12、Due to falling house prices, our apartment is __________ (比一年前价值低了).13、The doctor has got used to __________ (用医生的目光观察病人).14、we __________ (本来不必叫邻居帮忙) yesterday, because we actually had enough hands.15、Nothing in the world is difficult for one ____________ (下定决心去做).16、There is one thing I dislike about him: he will never _____________(承认犯了错误).答案:Part ⅠWriting1、Let's Learn to Relax"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" is a popular saying in English. There is much truth in it. It means that in order to keep ourselves in good health, we must take sufficient recreation.Everyone has his own way of relaxing. For people who sit much of the time at work cycling is said to be a economical means of exercise. A good brisk walk is one of the finest forms of exercise, too. For people engaged in outdoor work, reading is an excellent change if suitable books are chosen.I like sports and enjoy participating in them. My favorite sport is table-tennis because it brings the whole body into action. In fact, it doesn't matter whether I play a fast game of ping-pong or concentrate on the bridge table. It is important for me to relax from time to time.Part ⅡError correction2、direction→directing3、reach ∧an→to4、link→linking5、various→vary6、high-power→high-powered7、as→like8、them→which9、involuntary→voluntary 10、numbering→number 11、many→muchPart ⅢTranslation12、worth less than it was a year ago 13、observing his patients witha medical eye 14、needn't have asked a favor of our neighbors 15、who is determined to do it 16、admit having committed/made a mistake。
英语四级考试模拟测试题合集一篇
英语四级考试模拟测试题合集一篇英语四级考试模拟测试题 12、Questionsare based on the following passage.As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic and ideas about how to address this issue.Simultaneously, the liberal arts e more important than ever. In a know.ledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positio~_s that may not even exist yet,the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime.Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (恶化) by parental involvement in the college years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but learning where and when to intervene (干预) will help students take more ownership of the es of these increasingly costly educations.What kind of education does the author think is ideal?A.It benefits the great majority of the general population.B.It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.C.It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.D.It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.3、回答题：Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve the care andupbringing of children. Marriage is not necessary to have children, but it has been of enormous importance in the rearing of children.With the sharp declines in birth rates since 1970 in Western and other rich countries, including much larger fractions of adults who do not have any children, both men and women have significantly increased their ages marriage, and sharply raised their tendencies to divorce. In 1950, a typical woman and man married at ages 20.3 and 22.8 respectively, whereas now the typical marital ages are 26.0 and 27.7. These changes in age at mariage are related to reduced demand for many children, increased college education of both men and women but especially of women, much greater labor force participation of married and divorced women, and the narrowing of the gender gap in earnings.The most important economic and social concerns due to low marriage rates are the effects on roaring of children. These effects are not due to lower marriage rates alone, but rather to the close connection between these low rates and high divorce rates, and to the greater tendency of women to have children without being married, or without living with the fathers of their children.Although many single mothers do an absolutely wonderful job in raising their children, mon sense and most academic findings suggest that having a father present during the raising of children generally has a positive effect on the development of non-cognitive ( 非认知性) traits ofchildren, These include a general respect for authority and reduced rebelliousness in school, and the avoidance of gangs and other criminal activities. It also appears that the absence of fathers has a greater effect, on the non-cognitive traits of sons than daughters, although that is a less well-established finding.I am not claiming that children are worst oft“ when their parents divorce if their parents were fighting a lot, or ff they bad abusive (粗暴的) fathers. Rather, it, appears that up to a significant point, children are, better off in intact families even when their families are not ideal.。
2023年大学英语四级模拟真题及答案
6月英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections： In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise， whether at school or on their own，26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 ， investigators found that the more children moved， the better their grades were in school，29 in the basic subjects of math， English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the . 31 in recent years， some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show，exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain， fueling memory，attention and creativity，which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress， which can also help learning. So while it may seem as ifkids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.A）attendanceB）consequentlyC）currentD）depressingE）droppingF）essentialG）feasibleH）flowI）moodJ）mutuallyK）particularlyL）performanceM）reviewN）surviveO）tendSection BDirections： In this section， you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment， Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home， or has the industry simply hired better interior designers？ Are nursing homes as bad as people fear， or is thatan out-moded stereotype （固定见解）？Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places？ It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care， let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies， published in The journal of Applied Gerontology， surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living， nursing homes and smaller residential care homes （known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes）. Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality oflife， emotional well-being and social interaction， as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types，” said the lead author of the study， Julie Robison， an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffe r real guilt if they can’t？[F] In the initial results， assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities， for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables， such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type，they found，that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the cha racteristics of the specific environment they are in， combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are， their age and marital status，” Dr.Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health，therefore， might be no less depressed in assisted living （even if her children preferred it） than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home， other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place， not the sort of place in itself， that leads t o better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say，‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off，” Dr. Robison said. What matters，she added，“is a combination of what people bring in with them，an d what they find there.”[I] Such findings， which run counter to common sense， have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living， for instance， University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type， size or age； whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms ofillness， mental decline， hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.[J] As I was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact， consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities， the lowest rated， than with the five-star ones. （More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.）[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing？—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane， a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way， that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course， sons and daughters want to visit the facilities，talk to the administrators and residents and other families， and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloan e said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas， too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant， inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived， though the visit had been planned； nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room， they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there， and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research， that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.it helps for children to investigate care facilities，involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence（AI）becomes increasingly sophisticated， there are growing concerns that robots could becomea threat. This danger can be avoided， according to computer science professor Stuart Russell， if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example， if a robot does chores around the house， you would n’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example， mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences，but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space，you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave， it has the opportunity to stop， send out beeps（嘟嘟声）， and ask for direc tions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision， we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral， and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer， robots could be good for humanity.does the author say about the threat of robots？A）It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B）It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C）It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D）It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author？A）They are aggressive.B）They are outgoing.C）They are ignorant.D）They are ill-bred.do robots learn human values？A）By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B）By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C）By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D）By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？A）keep a distance from possible dangers.B）Stop to seek advice from a human being.C）Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D）Do sufficient testing before taking action.is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？A）Determine what is moral and ethical.B）Design some large-scale experiments.C）Set rules for man-machine interaction.D）Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others？ You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise， etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）？Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives？ A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic （神经质旳） than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory： those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly， however， other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participantswere likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined，for instance， were no more likely to live to be very old. Also，being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life， which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life， you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately，another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious， depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults， which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运）， and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that longlife isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A）to see whether people’s personality affects their life span B）to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health C）to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life D）to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people？A）They have a good understanding of evolution.B）They are better at negotiating an agreement.C）They generally appear more resourceful.D）They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？A）Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B）Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C）Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D）Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show？A）Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B）People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C）Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D）Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect the ir children’s life spans.can we learn from the findings of the two new studies？A）Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B）Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C）Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D）Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 2.功夫（Kong Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）旳俗称.中国武术旳来源可以追溯到自卫旳需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国旳军士训练.它是中国老式体育运动旳一种，年轻人和老年人都练.它已逐渐演变成了中国文化旳独特元素.作为中国旳国宝，武术有上百种不一样旳风格，是世界上练得最多旳武术形式.有些风格模仿了动物旳动作，还有某些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说旳启发四级写作：第一版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目旳. (体现感谢)第二段: 论述感谢旳原因.第三段:再次体现感谢,并可表述但愿有机会可以给对方回报.Dear Mary,I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week. When I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject. With your help, I didn’t fall behind others.Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touch with you. I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can exchange more viewpoints on study.Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whenever you are in this part of the world.Very sincerelyPeter第二版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目旳. (体现感谢)第二段: 论述感谢旳原因.第三段:再次体现感谢,并可表述但愿有机会可以给对方回报.Dear sir,I am writing to you to express my thanks for your help in learning English. You are one of the best teachers who I have ever met .There are many good points that I learn from you.During these days in your class, I have acquired much knowledge from you and it really helps me a lot. Firstly, you let me know what the west thinking pattern is —straight thinking pattern. As an English learner, it is important for me to understand the difference between them. There is no denying the fact that this can help me with my examination and interaction with foreigners. What’s more, I’m glad to be your student, and I am very happy to learn the course under your guidance. English is an important tool, through which we can share our experience with the world. I treasure the chance of learning English, and I enjoy the happiness from your course.The last not the least, please forgive those mistakes I have made which may upset you. What I have learned from you will help me pass the coming examinations and also be useful for my further education in abroad. It is not only a progress of learning, but also a cultivation of my ability.May everything go well around you.Your student,Li ling第三版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目旳. (体现感谢)第二段: 论述感谢旳原因.第三段:再次体现感谢,并可表述但愿有机会可以给对方回报.Dear parents,This letter is to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every day, I still feel it not enough to let you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated what you’ve done for me.In the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me. Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I know how hard you've being working in the past. I can imagine how many difficulties and obstacles you've conquered. Second, I want to thank you for your good education on me. There is an old saying goes like this “parents are the first teachers to their children”. Both of you are the typical ones. The most important thing that I want to say “thank you” is for your great admiration on my own freedom. You told me to look over the horizons and to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation.I really feel that my pen fails me when I am writing this thank you letter. The only thing I hope you can do for me is to take good care of yourselves and you will be always proud of me.Yours belovedSon四级翻译（功夫）：功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）旳俗称.中国武术旳来源可以追溯自卫旳需要,狩猎活动以及古代中国旳军事训练，它是中国老式体育运动旳一种.年轻人，老年人都练，它已逐渐演变成了中国文化旳独特元素，作为中国旳国宝，功夫有上百种旳风格，是世界上练得最多旳艺术形式，有些风格模仿了动物旳动作.还有某些则受到中国哲学思想，神话和传说旳启发.Kung Fu is the folk name of Chinese martial arts, which dates back to the need of self-defense, hunting, and military drill in ancient China. It is one of China’s traditional sports, and all people, old and young, would participate in. It has gradually evolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, it has hundreds of styles. Meanwhile, it is also the most practiced art form in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while others are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myth and legend.四级翻译（木匠）：在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座都市文化旳标志.潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已经有将近24放飞风筝旳历史.传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞旳第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了，也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明旳.听说他旳风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地.In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not only for entertainment. It also symbolizes the culture of the city. Weifang is known as the “capital of kites” with a history of nearly 2,400 years in flying kites. It is said that the ancient Chinese philosopher Motze took three years to make the first kite right in Weifang. It fell and broke, however, on its first day of flying. Some also belives that it was the carpenter LuBan that fist invented the kite. It’s said that his kite was made of wood and bamboo and it landed after three days’ flying.四级翻译（乌镇）乌镇是浙江旳一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔.这是一处迷人旳地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆.在过去一千年里，乌镇旳水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明旳博物馆.乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造.数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市.无数宽阔漂亮旳庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜旳发现.Wuzhen, an ancient water town of Zhejiang province, is located near the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is a charming place. Many ancient bridges, Chinese style hotels and restaurants dwell there. In the past one thousand years, the water system and the way of life there haven't changed much, so it is a museum of ancient civilizations. All rooms in Wuzhen are made of stone and wood. Over hundreds of years, the locals have built houses and markets along the riverbank. Numerous spacious and pretty courtyards hide in those houses, serving as surprises and waiting to be found by the tourists.四级阅读选词填空26. 对旳选项 O tend27. 对旳选项 M review28. 对旳选项 L performance29. 对旳选项 K particularly30. 对旳选项 N survive31. 对旳选项 E dropping32. 对旳选项 J mutually33. 对旳选项 H flow34. 对旳选项 F essential35. 对旳选项 I mood段落匹配36. 对旳选项 E37. 对旳选项 L38. 对旳选项 B39. 对旳选项 H40. 对旳选项 N41. 对旳选项 J42. 对旳选项 F43. 对旳选项 C44. 对旳选项 I45. 对旳选项 G仔细阅读Passage one46. 对旳选项C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47. 对旳选项 D. They are ill-bred.48. 对旳选项 C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. 对旳选项 D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.50. 对旳选项 A. Determine what is moral and ethical.Passage Two51. 对旳选项 A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span52. 对旳选项 D. They are more likely to get over hardship.53. 对旳选项 C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.54. 对旳选项 D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans..55. 对旳选项 B. Longevity results form a combination of mental and physical health.听力部分1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.12. A) He wants to change his job assignment.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.16 A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life17 C) They get less and less sleep18 D) Their blood pressure will rise19. B) What course you are going to choose20. D) The personal statement21. C） Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject22 B) It was built in the late 19th century.23 D) They often broke down.24 A) They were produced on the assembly line.25 C) It marked a new era in motor travel.。
大学英语四级分类模拟题350
大学英语四级分类模拟题350(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、(总题数：5，分数：100.00)An industrial society, especially one as centralised and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services, for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbours. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries" economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labour force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain"s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions fight for their members" disappearing jobs to the point where the jobs of other unions" members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs. Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be reelected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" in many unions, "shop stewards" are workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.（分数：20.00）(1).The trade union power is important in Britain because ______.（分数：4.00）A.the economy is very interdependent √B.unions have been established a long timeC.there are more unions in Britain than elsewhereD.there are few essential services解析：[解析] 细节题。
大学英语四级分类模拟题233
大学英语四级分类模拟题233Writing1、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay abouta book that interested you most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.2、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about an ideal campus that you wish you could study in. You should state what an ideal campus should be like and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.3、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about an experience that made you happiest. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.4、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about what you treasure most in your life. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.5、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay abouta friend that helped you most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.答案:Writing1、[参考范文]As far as I am concerned, Journey to the West is superior to anyother book I have ever read. Actually, it is a very famous romantic myth novel in China. It was adapted for television in 1986, and since then, this book has become more popular.There are three reasons for my preference for Journey to the West. Firstly, there are many wonderful stories in the book which made great impression on me. In addition, the contents and the meaning it conveys also attract my attention. Thanks to this book, I have learned that perseverance is the key to success. Last but not least, the structure of the novel is excellent. The whole novel is presented to readers through a series of independent but coherent stories.For the reasons given above, I took great interest in this fantastic novel which has been listed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. 2、[参考范文]Campus is where students study. Different students long for different kinds of campuses. Some prefer a big campus with grand buildings while others are fond of a campus with a large playground. I have my own dream about an ideal campus.In my opinion, an ideal campus should have the following characteristics. Firstly, a modern library with an abundant collectionof books is a must for my ideal campus. Books are the main sources ofknowledge, and numerous books can offer rich knowledge to students. Secondly, sports facilities mean a lot to me, as I pay equal attentionto both academic achievement and physical health. If you want to put what you have learned from books into practice, good health isessential. It is not rare that many famous universities pay great attention to sports. Last but not least, highly qualified teachers are the core competitiveness of universities. A great teacher is one of the most important assets for an excellent university.One more thing I would like to mention is that I hope all thestudents in the campus have a positive learning attitude. 3、[参考范文]When it comes to my happy experiences, countless scenes run through my mind. But, what impressed me most is my first time to be a teacher.At that time, I was still a student who longed for a success to encourage myself. Nervous and uneasy, I began my first class with my foreign students who were of the same age as me. Although I was once stumped by their odd questions, I managed to lift myself out of the embarrassing situation. With a smile on my face, I solved their problems in a humorous way. When the class ended, I received a thunderous applause. As an extra bonus, many of those lovely foreign peers have become my friends since then. As a teacher, I think that nothing can boost my confidence more than gaining acceptance of my students.As time went by, lots of memories faded away without being noticed, the happiest feeling, however, survived. The happiness and confidence I gained from that unforgettable experience will always be with me.4、[参考范文]What is the most valuable thing in life? Different people hold different opinions. Some value money most, while some others treasure beauty. However, I do believe in the saying, "Friendship is one oflife's greatest treasures". So, I cherish friends most.People always say that a life without a friend is a life without a sun. My opinion coincides with this idea. Man is a social animal. Wefind fulfillment in association with others, especially those who share the common interests with us. Besides, all of us, at certain moments of our lives, need to take advice and receive help from other people. A good friend is like a mirror. It shows you not only your shining points but also your shortcomings so as to help you become a better person.Of course, another saying goes that a friend in need is a friend indeed. Those who share only the happy moments are not the friends that I have in my mind, and those who are willing to share both happiness and hardship are true friends we should treasure. 5、[参考范文]Without a doubt, Marco is the one who has helped me most in college. As my partner in the community, he encourages others in a positive way and sticks to everything all the time.It was Marco who kept teaching me how to overcome difficulties when facing challenges. I still remember that I felt so frustrated at theloss of a key sponsorship that I even wanted to quit the community. However, Marco reminded me, "Victory and defeat are both common in battle. Never give up and keep trying. If you hesitate, your opportunity to succeed will go away." With his help, I finally regained myconfidence and secured a sponsorship for my community after several strenuous attempts.Thanks to Marco, I have realized the importance of courage and confidence, which are essential for a successful life. Whenever I feel upset, his voice will echo in my ear: Never give up and keep trying.。
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大学英语四级分类模拟题235Writing1、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay according to the following instructions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.A recent survey shows that 73% students favor flexible educational system. How do you see flexible educational system? Do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons.2、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay according to the following instructions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Dama square dance culture has generated some controversy recently. On the one hand, Dama square dance reflects social progress and the increasingly colorful life of senior citizens. On the other hand, many citizens who live near the square are disturbed by the noise of Dama square dance. What's your opinion of Dama square dance? What's your suggestion toward the problem?3、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay according to the following instructions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.It has become a routine for freshmen to receive military training in almost every college around China. Many people take it for granted that college students should receive military training while some think there are disadvantages for every freshman to undergo such training. What's your opinion?4、Write a short essay according to the following instruction. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Recently, a university in China has tried a new policy—"students' autonomous cleaning". That is to have the students themselves instead of special cleaners clean the campus. What's your opinion of this newpolicy'? Give your reasons.5、Write a short essay according to the following instructions. Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.It is reported that a non-governmental organization in China has set up a fund to reward local students enrolled by Tsinghua University or Peking University with one million yuan each. What do you think of the incentive measure? Give your reasons.答案:Writing1、[参考范文]Flexible educational system refers to a teaching mode in which students can be selective about the learning content and the length ofstudy is controllable. I consider that the flexible educational systemis to meet the demand of students who hope to have personalized and diversified educational system.In the first place, a major advantage of the flexible educational system is the elastic learning time. We can decide the length of studyby ourselves, which can offer us the chance to learn at our own pace. Furthermore, it combines practice with learning process, that is to say, learning while working. It also solves the problem of tuition forpoverty-stricken students. Third, learners can be selective about the learning content and mode. There are both required and optional courses for each subject. There are both face-to-face and network-based learning in terms of learning mode. So we have more options to decide what andhow we learn.In conclusion, flexible educational system profoundly reflects the "people-oriented" principle, which will contribute to comprehensive and coordinated development of people. 2、[参考范文]Dama square dance culture has generated some controversy recently. In my opinion, square dance has exceptional advantages of enriching senior citizens' lives.First of all, there is no doubt that Dama square dance can play an important role in improving the elderly's health. Doing square dance may help cure some chronic diseases, thus lowering the costs of health care for the elderly. Secondly, this group activity has a social function for the lonely and helpless senior citizens, especially those from other cities. It offers a golden opportunity to make friends and communicate with each other. Finally, Damas have to spend little money on square dance.In order to avoid disturbing people in the neighborhood, we should impose some restrictions on the "timing" and "music volume" of square dance. For instance, square dance should finish before 7 p.m., and music volume should be turned down to such an extent so as not to affect other people's life. Government should also draft relevant regulations as soon as possible. 3、[参考范文]There is no denying that it has been a hotly debated topic whether college freshmen should receive military training as a routine. Yet opinions of it vary from person to person.Some people claim that military training offers many advantages to college students: the training can not only build up students' bodiesbut also temper their willpower. Besides, through the training, students can develop their team spirit and sense of discipline. However, others strongly object to military training for every freshman, who should instead lay emphasis on his/her daily exercise and activities. What's more, a sudden increase of intense physical exercise, especially during summer, does harm to students' health.So far as I am concerned, military training not only makes students' bodies and minds stronger, but also is an effective way to enhance their sense of national defense and foster their patriotism. Despite somecases of death during the training, we should not give up eating forfear of choking. Meanwhile, measures should be taken to ensure that the least harm is done to the trainees. 4、[参考范文]Recently, a university in China has tried a new policy—students' autonomous cleaning. That means the university will stop hiring special cleaners and students will have to do the cleaning. There have been different opinions and even complaints about this policy.Supporters say having students do autonomous cleaning is a good wayto motivate them to achieve independence and acquire a sense ofresponsibility. But critics of this approach say that the policy will have a negative influence on students' daily study. Moreover, as their parents' apples of eyes, students seldom do housework at home, let alone at school. Therefore, the policy is impractical.Personally, I don't think it is an awful policy. I believe theoriginal intention of the university is to foster a love for work and develop students' self-reliance. I support the policy if it can becarried out in a rational way. 5、[参考范文]"You will be rewarded with one million yuan as long as you are enrolled by Tsinghua University or Peking University!" This promise made by a non-governmental organization which set up an incentive fund for local students has caught much attention. As far as I am concerned, I can't agree with the measure.Although a reward of one million yuan can motivate some students to work harder, this measure will do more harm than good. Firstly, it's unfair for other examinees and universities. Students enrolled by other universities may be as good as those enrolled by Tsinghua University or Peking University, which are not the only top universities in China. Secondly, high school students are still young and immature. With such a reward, they may become highly motivated learners who fall into the trap of money worship. So the measure may turn out to be counterproductive.Every student should realize that the purpose of study is to acquire knowledge and fulfill his/her aspirations. Neither your study nor your professional career should become the means of making money.。