主语从句

3.当谓语动词是seem,appear,be a pity.be a wonder,be likely等时，使用形式主语It ，而将 真正的主语放在句尾，这时从属连词that可省
略。
• It appeared to scientists on earth (that) the stars had moved. 在地球上的科学家看来，这些星体已经移动了。 • It’s a wonder you recognized me. 你能认出我来，真是奇怪。
无论谁 What caused the accident which happened yesterday remains unknown. 什么 Whatever you did is right. =Anything that you did is right. 无论什么
让步状语从句 “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义 为“……都……；不管……都……” 它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law. =Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。
主语从句：充当主语的句子叫主语从句。
从属连词基本用法
一、that 引导 主语从句
1.that引导主语从句，起连接作用， 不充当成分。 2.主语从句置于句首时, 不能省略连接词。
That he likes books of this kind is very interesting.
他喜欢这种书，这件事非常有趣。
if, whether都可表示“是否”, 但if不能引 导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导 位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。
3. That What the professor said is of great importance.
2、who,whatever, whoever, whose, whom 可引导主语从句，在从句中充当成分。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. (无论什么,主语) who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 谁，主语 Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. (无论谁，主语)
主语从句的特殊用法
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主 语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从 句置于句末。 It is a pity that you don’t like him .
常见结构：
1）It + be + n. (a pity · · · )+ that 2）It + be + adj.（ obvious / possible · ）+ that 3）It + be + p.p. （ said /reported ） + that 4）It + vi. （ happens ） + that
【改错练习】下列各句均有一处错误， 请改正并分析错误的原因。 1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge. That that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于
句首时不能省略。
2. Whether If she’s coming or not doesn’t matter much.
• Whether we’ll go to camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 明天我们是否去野营取决于天气情况。 It is doubtful whether he has received your letter. = It is doubtful if he has received your letter
他喜欢这种书，这件事非常有趣。 He likes books of this kind. It’s very interesting. =That he likes books of this kind is very interesting. =It’s very interesting (that) he likes books of this kind.
难点2： wh-词和wh-ever的区别
wh-ever 往往含有强调作用，意思是“无论---” Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. =Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
难点3:It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
• It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 主语从句 • It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 主语从句 It is John that broke the window. 强调句 去掉强调句型、各个成分各归其位以后， 该句子是否还成立。
什么是名词性从句?
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾 语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫 名词性从句。 主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)
名 词 性 从 句
宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause) 同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)
难点1：that与what的区别
What you said about him makes him sad. That you don’t like him makes him sad.
What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. It was true (that )Alice did surprised her mother . 1、都起引导作用，放在句首都不可以省略 2、that不充当成分；what在从句中充当成分 3、that无词义；what表示“· · · 的东西/事情/ 话”
注意：
主语从句要采用陈述句的语序。 • 一个主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数 ，但也不一定，要根据句子的意义而定。 What I need is money. What I need are books.
主谓一致
• 如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句 作主语时，谓语动词用复数； • 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句， 谓语动词用单数。 • When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. • When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided .
Noun clause
名词性从句
Step1：Related Conception (相关概念)
1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。 2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分? Mr. Li , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English . 主语 同位语 宾语
The boy is Li Ming. 主语 表语 名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表 语和同位语。
二、Whether / if引导主语从句
1、表不确定的主语从句位于句首的时候则必须用 whether，不能用if. 2、如果用It 作形式主语时 ,whether和If都可以引导 主语从句。 3、whether和If不充当句子成分，含有“是否”的 意思时可以加上or not，但经常用whether.
“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句 ， 而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。
1、You may give the film ticket to _______ you think needs it. A. no matter who B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter whom
连接代词 基本用法
what 引导主 语从句
1、what 引导主语从句，在从句中 充当主语、宾语。
He often holds a dictionary in his hand.
What he often holds in his hand is a dictionary.
(1)、The boy said that he missed his mother very much. what the boy said was that he missed his mother very much. (2)、He wants to see his mother’s smile. What he wants to see is his mother’s smile.
A.What; what
C. That; that
B. What; that
D. That; what
［解析］ 名词性从句what we can’t get和what we have中what都充当宾语， 都属于关系代词 型的what， 本身不表示疑问而表示泛指相关的 事物。 “what we can’t get”相当于包含定语从句 的“things that we can’t get”; “what we have”相当 于包含定语从句的“things that we have”。
1、___ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. A. Because B. That C. / D. What
2、____we can’t get seems better than ____we have. (NMET1996)
这里缺少主语，you think是插入语。 2、--- ______ helps others will be helped. --- So I’ll be thankful to and try to help ______ has helped us. A.Whoever; whomever B. Whoever; whoever C. Who; whoever D. Who;whomever
• It is a pity that he was ill at that moment. • It is obvious that he is wrong. • It is said that Tom will come back tomorrow. It happened that he met his teacher in the street.
连接副词 基本用法
Where/when/how/why也可引导主语从句， 在从句中充当状语。
Where he came frowenku.baidu.com still puzzles all of us.
When the plane is to take off has not been announced. How this happened is not clear to anyone.
在It is known…, It is said…, It is hoped…, It is believed…,等这些惯用的被动结构中。
It is reported that American President Obama will pay a visit to China next month.