Intercultural Communication
《跨文化交际》_名词解释
名词解释1.Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultureperceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.跨文化交际:指拥有不同文化认知和符号体系的人文之间进行的交际。
2.Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, whichaffect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.文化是习得的一套关于信仰，价值观，规范的公认的解释，这些信仰，价值观，规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。
3.Culture identity refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.文化身份：指有意识地把自己归为某一特定文化或种族群体。
4.Subculture are formed by groups of people possessing characteristic traits that set apart anddistinguish them from others within a larger society or dominant culture.亚文化:具有能在更大的一个社会范围内或主流文化中使自己有别于他人的特点的人类群体所形成的文化。
5.Norms are culturally ingrained principles of correct and incorrect behaviors which, if brokencarry a form of overt or covert penalty.规范指的是正确和不正确行为根深蒂固的文化原则，这种不正确的行为一旦发生，就意味着一种显性或隐性的处罚。
Intercultural communication 1 .ppt
saying “hello”: thousands of components are in operation. Communication becomes even more complex when we add cultural dimensions. Scholars have to focus on one aspect of communication. (2) controversy: intentional or unintentional behavior?
Intercultural Communication
Zeng Xiangmin
September, 2009
1. Intercultural communication: an on
1.1 Defining communication, culture, and intercultural communication
number of participants (3) symbolic • Symbols include words, actions, other sounds,
light, mark, statue, or even a painting. (4) consequence (后果) • When we receive a message, something
• Definition:
• Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings.
• Communication refers to the share or exchange of information, ideas, feelings and so on.
跨文化交流简介(Intercultural Communication)
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1. Intercultural communication as a human activity
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The history of communication between people of different cultural backgrounds is almost as long as human history itself. Can you list any kinds of communication between people with different cultural backgrounds?
What is intercultural communication?
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In the most general sense, intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture. More precisely, intercultural communication is communication between people whose perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.（From Communication Between Cultures by Larry A. Samovar, Richard E. Porter & Lisa A. Stefani)
3. Founders of the Field of ICC
读思研 研究生英语阅读 翻译 unit one 翻译 stumbling blocks in intercultural communication
Unit One stumbling blocks in intercultural communication1．为什么我们与来自其它文化的人们的交流总是充满了误会、让人感到沮丧呢？令很多人奇怪的是，即使怀着良好的愿望、使用自己认为是友好的方式，甚至有互利的可能性，也似乎都不足以保证交流的成功。
有时候，出现排斥现象正是因为一方所属的文化群体团体是“不同”的。
在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
2．相似性的假设为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，发展一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性，因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行动的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
相信“人就是人”和“我们内在本质是相似的，”这让人感到心安理得，但是下定决心去寻找证据却只会令人失望。
3．力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
带来这种情绪感受的情形也因文化而异，例如：由于崇拜的文化信仰不同，一个心爱的人死亡可能带来欢乐、悲哀或其他情感。
4．因为似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
如果我们认识到我们受文化的约束，受文化的改变，那么我们就会受这一现实：因为各自不同，我们确实不太清楚其他人“是”什么样的。
跨文化交际
跨文化交际复习题Translation1.Intercultural communication: 跨文化交际2.Intracultural communication: 主流文化背景下的亚文化交际3.negative transfer of culture: 文化的负迁移municative channel: 交际渠道5.value orientation: 价值取向1)verbal communication: 语言交际①oral form②written form2）non-verbal communication: 非语言交际①body behavior②space and distance③time④silence6.time orientation: 时间取向7.past time and future time orientation: 过去取向与未来取向8.geographical context: 地域环境9.cultural diversity: 文化多元性10.non-verbal communication: 非语言交际11.aesthetic orientation: 审美取向12.cultural equivalence: 文化的等同petitive spirit: 竞争意识14.psychological context: 心里语境/ 环境15.group vs individual orientation: 集体取向vs 个人取向16.inductive vs deductive: 归纳法vs 演绎法17.oneness vs dividedness between man and Nature: 天人合一vs 天人分离18.encoding vs decoding: 编码vs 译码19.ingredients of communication: 交际的要素20.message or behavioral source: 信息源或行为源21.sub-culture: 亚文化22.ethnic culture: 民族文化/ 伦理文化23.stereotypes: 文化定势24.high context culture: 强交际文化环境25.low context culture:弱交际文化环境26.context of situation: 语言环境27.psychological context: 心理环境28.seeking of change vs seeking of stability: 求变vs 求稳29.innately good vs innately evil: 人性本善vs 人性本恶30.interactions rules: 交往规则31.interpretation norms: 解释范围32.ethnocentrism: 民族中心主义municative distance: 交际距离34.spatial setting: 空间场合35.temporal setting: 时间场合36.instrumental type: 工具型37.affective type: 情感型38.parataxis vs hypotaxis: 意合vs 形合39.pragmatic transfer: 语用迁移40.pragmatic failure: 交际失误41.cooperative principle: 合作原则42.politeness principle: 文明原则43.positive face and negative face: 积极面对和消极面对44.gender communication culture: 性别交际文化45.generation communication culture: 代交际文化46.professional communication culture: 职业交际文化47.proxemic behavior: 体距行为48.multicultural communication: 多元文化交际49.globalization vs glocalization: 全球化vs 全球语境下的本土化50.interethnic communication: 跨种族交际True or False1. Usually, the husband serves the cocktails and the wife clears the dishes from the table.—T2. Frequent guests often help the host and the hostess with the daily activities of the family.—T3. The guest may say a short prayer of thanks before dinner begins.—F4. A woman should not have a sustained conversation with a man in a public place in American subways.—T5. Men usually extend their hands and shake hands with women when they meet for the first time.—F6. If a woman invites a man for a date, it is usually “dutch treat”.—T7. In the United Sates, men and women can date a variety of people respectively.—T8. If you are thinking as much of others as of yourself, you won’t made mistakes that annoy others.—T9. It is not proper to talk with another person in a language unfamiliar to the rest.—T10. At the end of a speech it is sufficient to make a very slight bow without saying anything.—T11. In the United States, people find silence uncomfortable, except when it occurs between close friends.—T12. Americans think it is not very good to have acquaintance with members of the opposite sex.—F13. In the United States setting a date to get together must be done quite a few days in advance.—F14. American people like to drink tea very much after meals.—F15. American people have little concern for social rank.—T16. In conversation people never use each other’s titles.—F17. If you meet a stranger in the West and ask him the way, you should say “Hello, can you tell me the way to the bus station?”.—F18. Supposed you are asked to make a speech, you should address the listeners as “Gentlemen and Ladies” or “Mrs. and Mr.”—F19. In the West, it is not normal for a man to shake hands.—F20. The British don’t normally shake hands when taking leave unless someone is leaving for a fair length of time.—T21. While giving a lesson to your students if you want to go to the “W.C”, you say “I am sorry.”—F22. When you speak you must try to keep the tone light, casual and natural.—T23. The person who extends an invitation is usually expected to pay, though there is no definite answer to the question of who pays.—F24. When you didn’t follow the speaker, it is not polite for you to say “Repeat your words, will you?” to hi m.—T25. When invited to a party or dinner, it is very common for the guest to take bottles of drink there and give them to the host or hostess on arrival.—T26. When the dinner or party is over, you may take leave or say goodbye to the host or hostess as quickly as you can.—F27. When taking a taxi in the West, you have to tip the driver.—T28.The person who makes a call is usually the one to end the conversation on the phone.—F29. Flowers are very lovely and beautiful; you may carry any flowers when taking planes.—F30. It is necessary for you to do shopping with a basket at the supermarket in the West, before you enter the supermarket.—F31. When you dislike the price, you may say“ Sorry, the price is very high.”—F32. If you receive an invitation to a conference, you needn’t reply to it unless you attend it.—F33. For every meeting, there is an opening ceremony and closing ceremony.—F34.Dinner talks are necessary for a formal conference.—T35. Usually a dinner party will be given to the guests after signing a contract. And only the person who signs the contract will present himself.—F36. When signing a contract the assistants from both parties will sign the contract.—T37. In an opening ceremony it is polite to invite some top officer to make a speech.—FChoice1. In America it is considered better to be invited to a person’s house.2. Flowers are not provided in hotels because flowers are too expensive.3. Standing around chatting with one another is the answer to best describe Americans behavior at parties.4. Not to stay too long in one place is the basic rule at a party in America.5. You should move from group to group meeting people if you are alone at a party.6. The best way for women to meet men is in group.7. In the West it is customary for a man to raise his hat slightly off his head when he meets with a girl or a woman.8. An invitation to come to the home for a meal or a longer visit is usually given by the hostess.9. Some invitations bear the letters “R.S.V.P” That means reply as soon as possible.10. If you are waiting for someone in his room, it is all right for you to pick up a newspaper or magazine from the table to read.11. If you find it absolutely necessary to spit, go into a lavatory.12. When a man is with a lady, he usually walks behind her except when for instance, they got off a train , want to open a heavy door , try to find a table in a restaurant. 13. In the western countries when you give something to a person or receive something from a person, you should use one hand only-usually the right hand.14. That a married woman servant is called Mrs. So-and-so is a failure of communication.15. If you eat at a restaurant, you have to give the waiter a tip. You say“Thank you” and put the tip into the waiter’ hand.16. When two persons of the same sex shake hands, the older one puts his( or her) hand out first.17. That you introduce a married woman to an unmarried woman is wrong when you introduce two persons.18. You will spoil the dinner by arriving late because you will both make the other guests unhappy and make the dishes tasteless.19. A woman (not the hostess) should never rise when she is being introduced.20. As a guest at the dinner table you will not feel doubtful about which seat you should take because there is no order of importance of seats.21. If you do not enjoy the party, you must still say something to please your hostess.22. One day, when an American lady accidentally bumped into Wei Lin. Lady: I’m terribly sorry. Wei: That’ all right.23. At a bus stop, Man: Excuse me, do you know which bus to catch for London Road, please? Woman: Sorry, I’ve no idea. Man: Oh.24. Li had something to tell the manager, Mr. Smith, so he went to his place, entering the room and said” Can I have a word with you, Mr. Smith?”25. If you are attending a family gathering and would like to know what the familial relationship is between one member and another, you may ask”Is her your…?”26. When introduced to an older professor or to a friend’s parents, you would say” Hi! Glad to know you.”27. When introducing yourself to someone you don’t know at a party, you would say”Hi, I’m…”28. Jack phones Xiao Song’s office.Jack: Hello, I’d like to speak to Song Hua, please. Song: This is Song Hua speaking.29. Mr. Green’s secretary, Pat Kent, went to the airport to meet Mr. Barnes for her boss. Miss Kent: Excuse me, would you be Mr. Barnes?Q & A1. What have contributed to increased international contacts?A: New technology, growth in the world’s population, and shifts in the global economic arena have contributed to increased international contacts.2. What are the characteristics of culture?A: Culture is learned, transmitted from generation to generation, based on symbols, subject to change, integrated, ethnocentric and adaptive.3. What is interracial communication?A: Interracial communication occurs when the source and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races.4. What is interethnic communication?A: Ethnic groups usually form their own communities in a country or culture.5. What are elements of intercultural communication?A: The interacting elements fall into four general groupings: perception, verbal processes, nonverbal processes, and contextural elements.6. What is perception?A: Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data ina way that enables us to make sense of our world.7. What factors influence human perception?A: Physical factor, environmental factor, and cultural factor influence human perception.8. Why do we say beliefs are important in intercultural communication?A: Belief systems are significant to the study of intercultural communication because they are at the core of our thoughts and actions, and they affect our conscious and unconscious minds, as well as the manner in which we communicate.9. What is value?A: Value is a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts.10. What is cultural value?A: Cultural values tend to permeate a culture and are derived from the large philosophical issues that are part of culture’s milieu.11. What are dominant American cultural patterns?A: Individualism, equality, materialism, science and technology, process and change, work and leisure, and competition.12. What are Hofstede’s value dimensions?A: Individualism—collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance and masculinity and femininity.13. What do cultures differ in their attitudes towards?A: Individualism and collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, masculinity and femininity, human nature, the perception of nature, time, activity, relationships, context, formality and informality, and assertiveness and interpersonal harmony.14. What is world view?A: World view is a culture’s orientation toward God, humanity, nature, questions of existence, the universe and cosmos, life, death, sickness, and other philosophicalissues that influence how its members perceive their world.15. What are religious similarities?A: Sacred writings, authority, traditional rituals, speculation and ethics.16. What are the five main religions of the world?A: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism.17. What different meanings toward life in five religions?A: Christianity—love, Judaism—order, Islam—authority, Hinduism—wisdom and Buddhism—suffering.18. Why is language important?A: Because we employ words to relate to the past, we use words to exercise some control over the present, and use words to form images of the future.19. What is the relation between language and culture?A: It is impossible to separate our use of language from our culture. In its most basic sense, language is a set of symbols and the rules for combining those symbols that are used and understood by a large community of people.20. What are the problems of the translation in linguistic equivalence?A: V ocabulary or lexical equivalence, idiomatic and slang equivalence, grammatical-syntactical equivalence, experiential-cultural equivalence and conceptual equivalence.21. What is nonverbal communication?A: Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver.22. Why is nonverbal communication important?A: We make important judgments and decisions about others based on their nonverbal behavior. We use the actions of others to learn about their emotional states.23. What are the functions of nonverbal communication?A: To repeat, to complement, to substitute for a verbal action, to regulate and to contradict a communication event.24. What are nonverbal messages are communicated by means of?A: Body behavior, space and distance, time, and silence.。
新编跨文化交际英语教程 复习总结
Unit 11.The definition of INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION1.1“Inter-" comes from the Latin word for "between",and dictionaries define communication as exchanging information.Inter-"来自拉丁语，意思是"在之间"，字典把交流定义为交换信息。
Intercultural Communication refers to the exchange of information between people from different cultures.跨文化交际是指来自不同文化的人之间的信息交流。
As the very phrase suggests, Intercultural Communication emphasizes cross-cultural competence rather than language only.正如这句话所暗示的，跨文化交际强调的是跨文化能力，而不仅仅是语言。
1.2 what makes IC a common phenomenon: new technology, innovative communication system,globalization of the economy , changes in immigration patterns 新技术、创新的通讯系统、经济全球化、移民模式的变化2.The definition of globalizationGlobalization is the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through communication, transportation,and trade between nations.全球化是区域经济、社会和文化通过国家之间的交流、运输和贸易而变得一体化的过程。
intercultural communication
Intercultural Communication1.What is intercultural communication?Intercultural communication is a form of global communication. It is used to describe the wide range of communication problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Intercultural communication is sometimes used synonymously with cross-cultural communication. In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them. Many people in intercultural business communication argue that culture determines how individuals encode messages, what mediums they choose for transmitting them, and the way messages are interpreted. As a separate notion, it studies situations where people from different cultural backgrounds interact. Aside from language, intercultural communication focuses on social attributes, thought patterns, and the cultures of different groups of people. It also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. Intercultural communication plays a role in social sciences such as anthropology, cultural studies, linguistics, psychology and communication studies. Intercultural communication is also referred to as the base for international businesses. There are several cross-cultural service providers around who can assist with the development ofintercultural communication skills. Research is a major part of the development of intercultural communication skills.Why is it important to language learners in the world?Intercultural communication refers to messages transmitted between members of two or more different societies. The increasingly international business world must cope with cultural differences in order to succeed and prosper. To that end intercultural communication gains enormous importance as individuals from all over the world start to work in the same office. Effective intercultural communication helps firms avoid conflict, prevent misunderstandings, and foster respect. Understanding the backgrounds is essential if you are to be successful in both your social and professional lives.2.What are the elements of human communication?The first element for human communication is participants - the sender. Another element for human communication is the message. The message is sent to a ‘receiver’ – one of the elements of communication. Channel is the way by which the message is sent. It can be verbal or nonverbal. Noise is also an element of human communication. The last one is the feedback.What roles do the verbal and non-verbal languages play in the communication?Verbal communication is using your voice to communicate with otherssuch as a phone call or just talking to someone. Nonverbal communication is communicating with others but not by using your voice such as passing notes or sending a text message.3.How do high-context and low-context cultures influenceintercultural communication?In high-context cultures (Native Americans, Latin Americans, Japanese, Korean as well as Chinese), people are very homogenous with regard to experiences, information networks, and the like.High-context cultures, because of tradition and history, change very little over time. In low-context cultures (German, Swiss as well as American), the population is less homogenous and therefore tends to compartmentalize interpersonal contacts. This lack of a large pool of common experiences means that “each time they interact with others they need detailed background information.”The verbal message contains most of the information and very little is embedded in the context or the participants. This characteristic manifests itself in a host of ways. Because of these differences, high-context people are apt to become impatient and irritated when low-context people insist on giving them information they do not need. Another problem is that people in high-contexts perceive low-context people, who rely primarily on verbal messages for information, as less credible.Difference in this communication dimension can even alter hoeconflict is perceived and responded to.4.What is the relationship between language and culture?Culture and language are intertwined and shape each other.Language and culture evolved and developed together. Culture consists of the products or civilizations of human society, including language, which is deeply embedded in culture. Culture, to a great extent, manifests itself in patterns of language. Language, as part of culture, probably the most important and essential aspect of culture, plays a very important role in it. Language reflects or mirrors almost all the contents of culture, and hence in a broad sense serves culture as the symbolic representation, for all the knowledge and beliefs that constitute a people's culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in the language of the people. So without language, culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and even shaped by culture. It is well recognized that language is not only a scientific system of linguistic symbols, but also a socio-cultural activity. This view can account for the statement that language is culturally transmitted. Cultural transmission is one of the important characteristics of human language. Finally, language is a system of signs that is seen as having itself a cultural value and language symbolizes cultural reality. Culture, on the other hand, refers to what has been grown and groomed5.What are cultural stereotypes and prejudices?A stereotype is a fixed notion about person in a certain category, with no distinctions among individuals. In other words, it is an over generalized and over simplified belief we use to categorize a group of people. We form stereotypes in three ways. First, we may categorize people or things by the most obvious characteristics they process. Second, we may apply a set of characteristics to a whole group of people. Third, we may give the same treatment to each member of the group. Stereotypes may vary along four dimensions: direction, intensity, accuracy, and content. Prejudice varies principally along the dimension of intensity. Five common forms of prejudice can be identified in terms of intensity: verbal abuse, physical avoidance, discrimination, physical attack, and massacre.How can we adapt to a new culture?In fact, adapting to a new culture involves first working through culture shock.1. Do not become over –reactionary. Patience goes a long way; if you control your emotions, you can more easily see yourselves and others.2. Meet new people. Force yourself to go out of your way to meet others. By engaging in these new friendships, you gradually gain personal confidence and ultimately learn a lot more about culture.3. Try new things. Being creative and try new foods, clothes, and so oncan assist you in meeting the stress of the new culture. Trying new things is not easy, but you can try them gradually yet persistently.4. Give yourselves periods of rest and thought. Adapting to a new culture is like being in school for several hours a day – it’s hard, mental work. Like any other serious learning endeavor, you need time to rest properly. Also, you need time to reflect and put your thoughts together.5. Work on our self –concept. Tell yourselves that you are really not so bad, and that most others go through the same experiences that you face during cultural shock.6. Write. Sometimes writing in a diary can release tension and frustration. Also, reflecting at a later time on what you have written can prove insightful to personal growth.7. Observe body language. Part of the frustration of culture shock does not know the culture’s system of body language. By learning the nonverbal rules, we may discover that the behavior of the people of the new culture does not indicate anger or any other dissatisfaction with you personally.8. Learning the verbal language. You should take time to learn as much of the host culture’s language as possible. Not onl y does using the native language compliment people in the host culture, but it obviously aids our survival skills.。
跨文化交际的英文表达
"Cross-cultural communication" 是指在不同文化背景下进行交流和理解的过程。
在许多情境下，人们可能会用以下表达来描述跨文化交际：
1. Intercultural Communication: 跨文化交际的常用术语。
2. Cultural Exchange: 文化交流，表示在不同文化间分享和交流信息。
3. Global Communication: 全球交流，指的是超越国界进行的跨文化沟通。
4. Diversity and Inclusion: 多元性与包容，强调在交际中考虑和尊重不同文化的多样性。
5. Interpersonal Understanding: 人际理解，强调在交流中理解和尊重他人的文化差异。
6. Cultural Sensitivity: 文化敏感性，指的是在交际中考虑并尊重他人的文化背景。
7. Adaptation and Adjustment: 适应与调整，表示在不同文化环境中调整自己的交际方式以融入当地文化。
8. Global Citizenship: 全球公民意识，鼓励个体在跨文化交际中具有开放、包容和全球意识。
9. Cultural Intelligence (CQ): 文化智商，强调个体在不同文化中有效交往的能力。
10. Bridging Cultural Divides: 架桥文化分歧，表示尝试弥合不同文化间的差异。
在任何跨文化交际中，理解文化差异的重要性以及尊重他人文化的价值观是关键。
这些表达可以帮助描述和促进在多元文化背景中的有效交际。
What is Intercultural Communication
In what forms does it appear?
Is it similar in all cultures? What is necessary for communication?
Communication…
Involves a transmitter, receiver,
Cause and Effect
A person’s behavior is a direct result of
what they assume, value, or believe in Understanding the cause and effect relationship is essential for an effective cross-cultural understanding
What is Culture?
What makes up culture? Can we see culture?
Can we lose culture?
What is Chinese culture? Is there only one Chinese culture?
The Onion
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Communication also…
involves the meeting of minds through
actions, reactions, questions and answers involves the collective activity of sharing experiences at verbal and nonverbal levels
In-Class Activities
跨文化交流Intercultural Communication
"Intercultural Communication" refers to a kind of communication between native speakers and non-native speakers , also between people who have differences in language and culture background of communication. That is when you talk with foreigners, you should konw what problem should note and how to be appropriate to communicate.With the further development of globalization, exchanges between countries is increasingly close. People with different cultural backgrounds will appear obstacles, due to the different cultural backgrounds, isolated space, different backgrounds and different thinking methods, looks in dress and behavior.That contact and understand the English culture is beneficial to our understanding and use of English, is helpful to deepen the understanding of their own culture and cognition, more beneficial to cultivate and improve our ability to cross-cultural communication. Therefore, when learning in daily life, we should be more active, consciously absorb and adapt to the new environment of culture.Because different people have different gender, age, nationality, native place, identity, experience, beliefs, personality, living environment, social background, cultural level,their principle and position to work varies from each other. What we need is the mutual comprehension, try to consider the problem from the perspective of the other, solve problems together to resolve contradictions.Chinese culture is based on Confucianism and Confucian thought is the basic cultural beliefs in East asia. While western culture originated in Greece and Rome, the source of western culture in Greek is rationalism and art, Renaissance, religious reform, the scientific revolution, the enlightenment is the motive force of the development of Western culture. Rationalism emphasizes scientific test, pay attention to the form of argument. The Anglo American countries, people pay more attention to the exact nature of the expression, it is difficult to understand the implication of the Chinese. For example, in Chinese culture, red represents luck, wealth and happiness, while Westerners concept, red is the color of blood, that impulse, provocation. So, Chinese like to wear red clothes in festivals, while the Westerners tend to choose blue, because they feel that blue represents calm and composure.。
跨文化交际重点归纳
跨文化交际重点归纳Unit 1 Intercultural CommunicationWhat is culture?Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.Generally speaking, culture is the way of life.Culture is everything and everywhere.Thanks to culture, without it we can’t survive in societyA metaphor比喻of cultureWe compare culture to iceberg.It suggests that only small part of it is visible while most of it lies concealed.Habits, dress and manners are visible.Worldview, value systems, ways of thinking, national character and any other deep concepts are foundation of visible part.“Where are you going?”in China ,we give a general answer to it.Chinese culture emphasizes on social relationship and theheavy interdependence between Chinese people.In western countries, it may be interpreted as an intrusion into one’s privacy.The underlying individual-oriented relationship is the invisible part of the iceberg.exercise1. If you are a tourist guide, what are you expected to say when you are showing the foreign visitors to another site? A. This way, please. B. Come here, please.C. Follow me, please.D. Move on.2. A visitor stops you in the corridor of your head-office probably to ask for the way. What is your most likely reply to the visitor’s “Excuse me”?A. What’s the matter?B. Yes?C. That’s all right.D. Don’t worry.3. At a fair, a visitor, accidentally having knocked down your poster, says, “I’m terribly sorry.” What should you reply? A. It doesn’t matter. B. Never mind.C. Don’t worry.D. That’s all right.What is Intercultural communication?“Intercultural communication is contact between persons who identify themselves as distinct from one another in cultural terms.” (Collier & Thomas, 1998)intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities. (Samovar & Porter)To further understand “intercultural communication”, please read the section of “Intercultural Communication Reading” on P.2 and answer the questions:1 In the story, why does Pete could not communicate well with Chinese students?Language problemCulture problemThe way Pete handled the intercultural communication situation2 What are the major barriers in intercultural communication? Language difference.(If we understand others’ language or dialect, but not their communication rules, we can made fluent fools of ourselves.) Nonverbal communication: gestures, postures, facial expression etc.Stereotypes: like culture, religion, idea, value, etc.Watch a video and get a deeper understanding.Classifications of Communicationverbal /nonverbalDirect /indirectInterpersonal / interorganizational / mass media-based Intracultural /interculturalIntrapersonal / interpersonal/…Case studyRead the passage of “ an Intercultural Classroom”. This is the beginning of this passage:It was a hot day. Since it was still too early to use the air-conditioner, according to the regulations of the university, every class kept its door open to make the classroom cooler. While I was lecturing on Chinese grammar in Class 4, waves of laughter came from the neighboring Class 5. A German student named Stephen raised his hand and stood up. “The laughter from Class 5 is bothering us. I think we should go to their class to protest,” he said….1 How many different solutions did Class 4 propose?2 what is the mode of communication favored by Asians? What cultural values underlie it?Asian people are very courteous and indirect in their communications. They put great emphasis on group harmony, they are very tolerant, even when they are offended. These collectivistic values, shaped by Confusion teachings, were spread from China to many Asian countries.3 what is the mode of communication favored by Westerners? What cultural values underlie it?Westerners are generally very direct and frank in their mode of communication. And they have a strong sense of protecting their own rights. Individualistic values are the underlying principles governing their behavior.Classroom activity 11. Read the story on P1 and answer: Why do you think the driver is asking for $50 instead of $32.5?2. Work in groups and write down 5 ways to deal with the situation.Some likely interpretationsThe taxi driver is trying to cheat Lee.extra charges for luggage that Lee doesn’t know about. Extra charges for tolls that Lee doesn’t know.There is an honest misunderstanding.L ee misunderstood what the driver said, or didn’t hear whathe said clearly.The driver has included a tip for himself –an unreasonably large one.Culture NoteTaxi charges: in taxis in the us, it is quite normal to have a small extra charge for each of luggage. In the us there are also sometimes tolls for bridges, tunnels and certain roads. and the taxi driver will pay these first and then add them to the cost of the ride.Tipping: in the us it is normal to add a tip of 10%-15% to the cost of a taxi ride. (tipping is not normal in fast-food restaurants where customs get their own food.Taxis in the Us: while taxis can often be found at Us airports, taxis are rare in all but the largest American cities, and to get a taxi people often need to call a taxi company. This is because most Americans drive their cars. (in large cities, taxi drivers are often immigrants form other countries who do not speak English as their first language.)Classroom activity 2Read Letter to Fran: Not Eating and answer the following questions.1. Why did Nancy eat so little?2. Tell the possible reasons for Nancy’s problem.Possible reasonsOn the whole, American cooking tends to be somewhat more bland than the cooking in most parts of China.Some westerners have allergic reactions to MSG（often used in Chinese cooking) and get headaches if they eat food containing it.Some Christians won’t drink alcoholic beverages.Read Fran’s Response: Not Eating after class and get more information.Discuss the differences of table manners between Chinese and Westerners.Chinese people often use words like color 、smell 、taste、shape to describe the food.Westerners usually pay more attention to the calories、vitamins、proteins and so on.we would invite many people “the more the better”If the host respect you ,he will give you a seat at first and sit on the left chair .The host will prepare all the things ready. The host will get delicious food into the guest’s bowl .Westerners would like to keep quiet. They regard the right asa symbol of respect.The host will let the guests choose what to eat or drink. Individualist and CollectivistWhat are the characteristics of Individualist and Collectivist? Classroom activity 3Read the passage Individualist and Collectivist Cultures and finish the following tasks.What are some differences between an individualist culture and a collectivist one?find out ways of how do Chinese show individualism and how do westerners show their collectivism. You may need to supply your points with examples.Assignment:Review unit 1 and Preview unit 2Work in teams of 6 and deliver a presentation on following topics:What are differences between an individualist culture and a collectivist one?find out ways of how do Chinese show individualism and how do westerners show their collectivism. You may need to supply your points with examples.Unit 2Review: Interpretation解释、翻译of greetings上哪去？Where are you going?It’s none of your business!去哪啦？Where have you been?吃过了吗？Have you had your meal?Are you going to invite me to dinner?Acceptable Greetings 中文出去呀？吃饭去？回来了？忙着呢？忙什么呢？在洗车呀？这衣服真漂亮，新买的吧？你看起来气色不错。
《跨文化交际》_名词解释
名词解释1.Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whoseculture perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter thecommunication event.跨文化交际:指拥有不同文化认知和符号体系的人文之间进行的交际。
Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.文化是习得的一套关于信仰，价值观，规范的公认的解释，这些信仰，价值观，规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。
Culture identity refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.文化身份：指有意识地把自己归为某一特定文化或种族群体。
Subculture are formed by groups of people possessing characteristic traits that set apart and distinguish them from others within a larger society or dominant culture.亚文化:具有能在更大的一个社会范围内或主流文化中使自己有别于他人的特点的人类群体所形成的文化。
Norms are culturally ingrained principles of correct and incorrect behaviors which, if broken carry a form of overt or covert penalty.规范指的是正确和不正确行为根深蒂固的文化原则，这种不正确的行为一旦发生，就意味着一种显性或隐性的处罚。
《跨文化交际》教学大纲
跨文化交际、基本信息二、课程描述本课程是为英语专业本科生开设的一门专业选修课程，是一门社交礼仪的实用性课程, 包括礼仪的概论、社交礼仪、涉外礼仪以及不同场合的礼节和规范。
三、教学目标通过本课程的理论教学和相关实验训练，使学生具备如下能力：1、通过对现代礼仪以及外事礼仪和商务礼仪的学习，帮助学生了解人们在不同场合的得体的举止，学会如何有效地展现个人的教养、风度和魅力；2、体现出个人对社会的认知水准、个人学识、修养和价值。
能使学生们在今后的工作中更好地发挥自身的能力。
四、课程目标对毕业要求的支撑五、教学内容Unit 1Language Tools: Suggesting PossibilitiesEncounter: The TaxiIntercultural Communication Reading: Intercultural Communication and UnderstandingProjected Cultural Similarity六、教学安排该课程每周32学时，16周，16学时为课堂授课教学时间，14学时为课内实验教学时 间,2学时为期末复习答疑。
建议教学进度如下：难点内容: Ethnocentrism 教学内容: Unit 5, Unit 6 第7, 8章 Dealing with Conflict （支撑课程目标1、2、3）重点内容: K'ar Stories 难点内容: Dealing with Conflict 教学内容: Unit 7, Unit第9, 10章 Friendship Pa tterns （支撑课程目标4、5）重点内容: Friendship Patterns 难点内容: Friendship Patterns 教学内容:Unit 9, Unit 10第1, 2章Intercultural Communica tion and Understanding Wes terners（支撑课程目标1、2、3）重点内容: Individualist and Collectivist Cultures 难点内容: Individualist and Collectivist Cuiturcs教学内容: Unit 1, Unit第3, 4章 Generalizations and stereotypes （支撑课程目标1、2、3）重点内容: Di fference in Rank and Power 难点内容: Difference in Rank and Power教学内容: Unit 3, Unit 4第5, 6章 Conformity in Wes torn Cui turcs （支撑课程目标4、5）重点内容:li'osterncrsUnit 1Language Tools: Suggesting PossibilitiesEncounter: The TaxiIntercultural Communication Reading: Intercultural Communication and UnderstandingUnit 6Letter To Fran: CarsFran's Response: CarsCulture Difference Reading: Family Relationship in the USUnit 7Language Tools: Acknowledging Other Points of ViewEncounter: The English ClubTntercultural Communication Reading: Tn^groups and Out-GroupsUnit 7Letter To Fran:：CriticsFran's Response: CriticsCulture Difference Reading: In / Out-Groups in Collectivist and IndividualistUnit 8Language Tools: Conceding a PointEncounter: BorrowingIntercultural Communication Reading: War StoriesUnit 8Letter To Fran:：ExceptionsFran's Response: ExceptionsCulture Difference Reading: Dealing with ConflictUnit 9Language Tools: Checking and ClarifyingEncounter: Left out of the ConversationsIntercultural Communication Reading: War StoriesUnit 9Letter To Fran:：An American FriendFran's Response: An American FriendCuiture Difference Reading: Friendship Patterns七、课内实验内容、要求及学时无课内实验内容。
5. Intercultural Communication
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In short, in regard to the contents of intercultural communication, we are concerned with the similarities that unite us as well as the differences that divide us.
1. Definition
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Barnlund states that “the individual and society are antecedent and consequent of each other: every person is at once a creator of society and its most obvious product.” Intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture. Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are different.
Unit 5 Intercultural Communication
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1. What is intercultural communication? 2. How to classify intercultural communication? 3. What should people pay attention to in intercultural communication?
跨文化交际课件 L 3 Intercultural Communication
Culture A is a square. Culture B is an octagon. Culture C is a circular.
Within each represented culture is another form similar to the shape of the influencing parent culture. It represents a person who has been molded by his or her culture.
7. The first academic journal International Journal of Intercultural Relations was published in 1977.
什么是跨文化交际英语回答
什么是跨文化交际英语回答Intercultural Communication: Bridging the Cultural Divide.Intercultural communication, often referred to as cross-cultural communication, involves the exchange of ideas, information, and messages between people from different cultural backgrounds. It is a dynamic process that requires an understanding of the diverse cultural norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape how individuals perceive and interpret the world.In today's globalized world, the importance of intercultural communication cannot be overstated. With the increasing interconnectedness of nations and the growth of international businesses, it has become crucial for individuals and organizations to have the ability to effectively communicate across cultural boundaries.The foundation of intercultural communication lies inthe recognition that culture plays a pivotal role inshaping an individual's communication style, language use, and social norms. Culture encompasses a wide range of elements, including but not limited to traditions, customs, values, beliefs, art, music, and food. Each culture has its unique way of viewing the world and interpreting situations, which can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts when individuals from different cultures interact.To ensure successful intercultural communication, it is essential to develop a cultural awareness and sensitivity. This involves understanding the values and norms of other cultures, recognizing the differences in communication styles, and appreciating the unique perspectives that different cultures bring. By doing so, individuals canavoid cultural mishaps, such as misinterpreting nonverbal cues or violating social taboos, which can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.Effective intercultural communication also requires the ability to adapt and flexibly communicate in different cultural contexts. This involves being able to adjust one'scommunication style, language use, and behavioral norms to fit the cultural norms of the other party. For example, in some cultures, directness and assertiveness are valued, while in others, a more indirect and polite approach is preferred. By adapting one's communication style to the cultural context, individuals can establish trust, build rapport, and foster meaningful relationships.Moreover, intercultural communication goes beyond simple language translation. It involves understanding the deeper cultural meanings and implications behind the words and actions of others. This requires a high level of empathy and the ability to put oneself in the shoes of the other party, understanding their perspectives, needs, and expectations. By doing so, individuals can create a more inclusive and respectful communication environment where everyone's voice is heard and valued.In conclusion, intercultural communication is a crucial skill in today's globalized world. It requires an understanding of the diverse cultural norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape how individuals perceiveand interpret the world. By developing a cultural awareness and sensitivity, adapting one's communication style to different cultural contexts, and fostering empathy and respect, individuals and organizations can bridge the cultural divide and create meaningful connections across the globe.。
【跨文化交流-外教】1 - What is Intercultural Communication
What is Communication?
Why do we need communication?
What is the goal of communication?
In what forms does it appear?
Is it similar in all cultures? M a c in to s h P IC T
Understanding the cause and effect relationship is essential for an effective cross-cultural understanNOT?
a continuum of human behavior
universal
Universal – the ways that all people in all groups are the same
cultural
Cultural – What a particular
group of people
have in common with each other and how they are different from
Do you agree?
Culture is the shared assumptions, values, and beliefs of a group of people which result in characteristic behaviors
Cause and Effect
A person’s behavior is a direct result of what they assume, value, or believe in
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A more comprehensive definition is offered by Lustic Koester ―Intercultural communication is a symbolic , interpretive（理解性的）, transactional （转 换式的），contextual （根据上下文的） process in which the degree of difference between people is large and important enough to create dissimilar interpretations and expectations about what are regarded as competent behaviors that should be used to create shared meaning‖ (Lustig & Koester 1993).
4. A Definition of Intercultural Communication
In the most general sense, intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message for consumption by a member of another culture. More precisely, intercultural communication is communication between people whose perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.（From Communication between cultures Larry A. Samovar ,Richard E. Porter & Lisa A. Stefani)
Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keeps them apart. (CONFUCLAN SAYING) Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet.
Grading Policy:
20%
Completion of assignment on time;
60%
•Examination.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Intercultural Communication
1. Intercultural communication as a human activity The history of communication between people of different cultural backgrounds is almost as long as human history itself.
The mergence and conflicts between the primitive nomadic tribes, the visits of sailors to alien lands, the bargains of merchants along the silk roads during Tang Dynasty, they are all examples of intercultural communication, not to say the ever-heated interaction of high officials at the United Nations since the establish of the organization and the ever-growing wave of tourists into all corners of the world. In deed, intercultural communication as a human activity has existed for centuries.
Originated in the U.S diplomats at the Foreign Intercultural Service. Gained acceptance through training and testing practice in the 1960’s and 1970’s Made great achievement in the theory and practice in the 1980’s both inside and outside of U.S.
*First introduced to China in the 1980s by some English teachers; * China has successful organized 5 international conferences on intercultural communication since 1995 when China Association of Intercultural Communication was set up; * A booming of teaching materials and course work along side more in-depth research into intercultural communication can be expected in the near future.
课程的目的和主要任务
本课程主要介绍跨文化交际学的基本概念和基本理 论，重点学习东西方文化在感知方面（包括价值 观、世界观、和宗教观等）、言语方面（包括言
语交际模式、交际风格、交际策略及思维方式）
和非言语交际方面（包括体态语言等）异同。宗
旨是培养学生跨文化交际意识，了解和掌握跨文
化交际基本理论和基本内容，提高跨文化交际能
LOGO
Intercultural
Communication
跨文化交际
Objectives
This course aims at leading students to a general understanding of the complexities of intercultural communication and providing them with a cultural perspective in dealing with the common problems in intercultural communication. With the help of the this course the learners will:
Chapter 2. Communication & Culture
Section 1. Communication 1. Essential of Human Communication Communication--- your ability to share your beliefs, values, ideas, and feelings—is the basis of all human contact. Whether you live in a city of China, a village of India, or the Amazon jungles of Brazil, you participate in the same activity when you communicate. The results and the methods might be different, but the process is the defined
Over 30 years ago, Dance and Larson canvassed ( try to find out.详细调查) the literature on communication and found 126 definitions of communication; since then, countless others have been added to their list. Isolating the commonalities of those definitions of communication, we hold to the definition advanced by Ruben and Stewart: “ Human communication is the process through which individuals--- in relationships, groups, organizations, and societies----respond to and create messages to adapt to the environment and one another.”
3. The subjects of study
How culture and communication influence one another in the process of intercultural communication and how we can predict and solve the problems.
力。
推荐教材
关世杰,《跨文化交际学》,北京:北京大学出版社，1995
胡文仲，《文化与交际》，北京外研社 •胡文仲，《跨文化非言语交际》，北京外研社 •Samovar & Porter. Intercultural Communication