11. Constrained Plans - Enforce Capacity Constraints with Decision Rules
机务英语试题及答案
机务英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the standard term for a person who maintains aircraft?A. PilotB. MechanicC. Air Traffic ControllerD. Ground Staff答案：B2. Which of the following is not a type of aircraft engine?A. TurbopropB. TurbofanC. TurbojetD. Steam Engine答案：D3. What does the acronym "FAA" stand for?A. Federal Aviation AdministrationB. Free Airline AssociationC. Flight Assistance AgencyD. Fixed Airplane Association答案：A4. What is the term used to describe the process of checking an aircraft's systems before flight?A. Pre-flight InspectionB. Post-flight InspectionC. Aircraft MaintenanceD. Engine Overhaul答案：A5. Which of the following is not a component of an aircraft's landing gear?A. TiresB. BrakesC. GearboxD. Propeller答案：D6. What is the term for the document that contains all the technical details of an aircraft?A. Aircraft ManualB. Pilot's HandbookC. Maintenance LogD. Flight Plan答案：A7. What does the acronym "ICAO" stand for?A. International Civil Aviation OrganizationB. International Commercial Aviation OrganizationC. International Cargo Airline OrganizationD. International Communications Aerospace Organization答案：A8. What is the term used to describe the process of removing an aircraft from service for maintenance?A. GroundingB. ParkingC. DecommissioningD. Maintenance Standby答案：A9. Which of the following is not a type of aircraft fuel?A. Jet A-1B. Avgas 100LLC. DieselD. Kerosene答案：C10. What is the term for the person responsible for overseeing the maintenance of an aircraft?A. Chief PilotB. Aircraft EngineerC. Ground Crew ChiefD. Air Traffic Controller答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The primary function of an aircraft's ____________ is to provide lift.答案：wing2. The term ____________ refers to the ability of an aircraft to fly at a constant altitude without gaining or losing height.答案：cruise3. An aircraft's ____________ is the maximum speed at which it can fly without causing structural damage.答案：never-exceed speed4. The ____________ is the area on an airport where aircraft are parked, maintained, or loaded.答案：apron5. The ____________ is the document that records all the maintenance activities performed on an aircraft.答案：logbook6. The ____________ is the process of cleaning and inspecting an aircraft's exterior after it has landed.答案：wash7. The ____________ is the part of an aircraft that connects the wings to the fuselage.答案：wing root8. The ____________ is the system that controls the direction of an aircraft in flight.答案：rudder9. The ____________ is the process of checking the aircraft's systems and condition after it has landed.答案：post-flight inspection10. The ____________ is the document that contains all the necessary information for the safe operation of an aircraft.答案：aircraft operating manual三、简答题（每题10分，共60分）1. Explain the difference between a turboprop and a turbofan engine.答案：A turboprop engine uses a turbine to drive a propeller directly, while a turbofan engine uses a turbine to drive a fan which provides most of the thrust. Turboprops are more efficient at lower speeds and altitudes, whereas turbofans are more efficient at higher speeds and altitudes.2. What are the main components of an aircraft's electrical system?答案：The main components include the battery, generator, alternator, bus bars, circuit breakers, wiring, and various electrical equipment such as lights, instruments, and avionics.3. Describe the purpose of an aircraft's hydraulic system.答案：The hydraulic system is used to transmit power for various aircraft systems, such as the flight controls, landing gear, flaps, and brakes. It allows for precisecontrol and reduces the weight of the aircraft by using fluid pressure instead of mechanical linkages.4. What are the steps involved in a pre-flight inspection?答案：The steps include checking the aircraft's exterior for damage, inspecting the tires and brakes, verifying the fuel quantity, checking the fluid levels。
国际象棋开局分类号详解
王翼印度，侧翼象无c4 后兵开局 布达佩斯防御拒弃兵 布达佩斯防御 旧式印度防御 旧式印度防御，乌克兰变例 旧式印度防御，主线 别诺尼防御 平科弃兵；伏尔加弃兵 平科接受弃兵 平科弃兵，7.e4 别诺尼防御 别诺尼防御 别诺尼，侧翼象变例 别诺尼，侧翼象变例，9…Nbd7 别诺尼，侧翼象变例，11…Re8 别诺尼，6.e4 别诺尼，兵涛变例 别诺尼，泰曼诺夫变例 别诺尼，四兵进攻 别诺尼，四兵进攻，主线 别诺尼，e4和Nf3古典变例 别诺尼，古典变例，8.Bg5 别诺尼，古典变例无9.O-O 别诺尼，古典变例，9.O-O 别诺尼，古典变例， 9…a6, 10.a4 别诺尼，…a6和10…Bg4古典变例 别诺尼，古典变例，9…Re8 别诺尼，古典变例，9…Re8, 10.Nd2 别诺尼，…Re8和…Na6古典变例 别诺尼，古典变例，11.f3 荷兰防御 荷兰防御 荷兰防御，斯汤顿弃兵 荷兰防御，斯汤顿弃兵，斯汤顿的变化 荷兰防御 2.c4和3.Nc3荷兰防御 2.c4和3.g3荷兰防御 荷兰防御，列宁格勒，主变 荷兰防御，列宁格勒7…c6主变 荷兰防御，列宁格勒Nc6主变 荷兰防御 荷兰防御 荷兰防御 荷兰防御，石墙，鲍特维尼克变例 荷兰防御Ba3石墙 荷兰防御Nc3石墙 荷兰防御，古典变例 荷兰防御，伊尔因-热涅夫斯基变例 荷兰防御，Qc2伊尔因-热涅夫斯基变例 荷兰防御，b3伊尔因-热涅夫斯基变例 中文开局名称
国际象棋开局分号详解
eco A00 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 A29 A30 A31 A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 A38 A39 A40 A41 A42 A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 A48 中文开局名称 不规则开局 尼姆佐维奇-拉尔森进攻 伯德开局 伯德开局 列蒂开局 列蒂开局，2..Nf6 列蒂开局，2..d5 列蒂开局，王翼印度进攻(巴斯扎体系) 列蒂开局，王翼印度进攻 列蒂开局，2..d5 3.c4 英吉利开局；(也可英国式开局，下同) 英吉利，卡罗-卡因防御式体系 英吉利，卡罗-卡因防御式体系 英吉利开局 英吉利开局，新卡塔兰拒弃兵 英吉利，1…Nf6(盎格鲁-印度防御) 英吉利开局 英吉利开局 英吉利，米肯纳斯-卡尔斯变例 英吉利，米肯纳斯-卡尔斯，西西里变例 英吉利开局 英吉利开局 英吉利开局 英吉利开局，布列曼体系，凯列斯变例 英吉利开局，3…g6布列曼体系 英吉利开局，先手西西里 英吉利开局，封闭体系 英吉利开局，三马体系 英吉利开局，四马体系 英吉利开局，四马体系，王翼侧翼象 英吉利开局，对称变例 英吉利开局，对称变例，别诺尼结构 英吉利开局，对称变 例 英吉利开局，对称变例 英吉利开局，对称变例 英吉利开局，对称变例 英吉利开局，对称变例 英吉利开局，对称变例 英吉利开局，对称变例 英吉利开局，对称变例，d4主线 后兵开局 后兵开局 现代防御，阿维尔巴赫体系 旧式别诺尼防御 旧式别诺尼防御 后兵开局 后兵开局 后翼印度防御 王翼印度，东印度防御 英文开局名称 Irregular Openings Nimzovich-Larsen attack Bird's Opening Bird's Opening Reti Opening Reti Opening, 2..Nf6 Reti Opening, 2..d5 Reti Opening, King's Indian attack (Barcza system) Reti Opening, King's Indian attack Reti Opening, 2..d5 3.c4 English Opening English, Caro-Kann defensive system English, Caro-Kann defensive system English Opening English, Neo-Catalan declined English, 1…Nf6 (Anglo-Indian defense) English Opening English Opening English, Mikenas-Carls variation English, Mikenas-Carls, Sicilian variation English Opening English Opening English Opening English Opening, Bremen system, Keres variation English Opening, Bremen system with 3…g6 English Opening, Sicilian Reversed English Opening, Closed system English Opening, Three knights system English Opening, Four knights system English Opening, Four knights, kingside Fianchetto English Opening, Symmetrical variation English Opening, Symmetrical, Benoni formation English Opening, Symmetrical English Opening, Symmetrical English Opening, Symmetrical English Opening, Symmetrical English Opening, Symmetrical English Opening, Symmetrical English Opening, Symmetrical English Opening, Symmetrical, Main line with d4 Queen's pawn Queen's pawn Modern defense, Averbakh system Old Benoni defense Old Benoni defence Queen's pawn game Queen's pawn game Queen's Indian defense King's Indian, East Indian defense
2021届高考英语词汇阅读打卡计划(Day 8)基础版
2021高考英语词汇阅读打卡计划（Day8）基础版一：词汇打卡复习1： contain/kənˈteɪn/vt. 包含；容纳Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.要特别注意广告里所包含的信息。
【派生词】container n. 集装箱；容器2：track/træk/n. [C] （人踩出的）小道，小径；（人、动物或车辆留下的）足迹；轨道；（赛跑、赛车等的）跑道；路径，方向；一首乐曲；v. 追踪；（尤指用特殊电子设备）跟踪The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates.这个研究项目对400名毕业生的事业发展情况进行跟踪调查。
【常用搭配】track and field 田径；田径赛on track 走上正轨1keep track of 记录；与……保持联系3：establish/ɪˈstæblɪʃ/vt. 建立，创立；确立Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.这种试图在公司和公众之间建立积极关系的尝试在当时是不常见的。
【常用搭配】establish a business 创业【派生词】establishment n. 确立，制定；公司；设施4：entire/ɪnˈtaɪə(r)/adj. 全部的；整个的；完全的He spent entire session running around, hitting and kicking and destroying property.整个过程中，他到处乱跑、拳打脚踢、毁坏财物。
mit真题回忆
2011南京师范大学翻译硕士真题回顾作者:xz时间:2011-8-16来源:互联网浏览次数:119翻译硕士英语（B卷）总分100分题型：选择完形阅读理解（3篇），翻译{英翻中一篇小短文，字数在100左右，中翻英5句话都是“子曰：………‟”}英语作文至少250字on whether playing viedo games is learning important life skills or wasting time.自主命题英语翻译基础（A卷）总分150分题型：全卷都是英翻中，前面50% 是5个长句，第一句就是of studies 中的有the meaner sort of books的那句。
后面100%是4个短文，每段字数在150-250不等，其中最后一段是初高中的《荷塘月色》中要求背诵的那段文字的英文版注：前后都各有一题比较难理解，翻译起来显得生硬而理解不了自主命题汉语写作与百科知识（B卷）总分150分题型：仅仅一题据所给的两大段文字理解“物联网”这个百科知识，在此基础上写一篇命题作文“物联网产业与就业机会”，表达“物联网可能增加的就业机会”的个人观点，并提出建议，体裁为论说文，字数1000字，要求通顺，结构合理，文字优美物联网要在无锡预建国家传感网示范区关于这个我从未听说过，读了材料也不理解，就一个字的找信息，可能增加的就业机会有哪些，然后写了。
2011年武汉大学翻译硕士真题回忆作者:xz时间:2011-8-16来源:互联网浏览次数:93翻译硕士英语：一：20分。
单选40个二：10分。
改错一篇文章10个错误（是一篇专八的真题）三：40分。
阅读理解分A,B两部分A：30分。
4篇文章，每篇5个单项选择题，共20个题，每题1.5分B：10分。
1篇文章，5个问答题，每题2分，要求答案不超过10个单词四：30分。
作文讲的是大学教育。
说一部分人认为大学教育的最主要目的是为了找好工作，另一部分人认为是为了个人发展和社会。
2023届浙江省杭州市高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题(解析版)
Week 2 | July 12-16
Week 3 | July 19-23
Week 4 | July 26-30
•Registration begins June 1, 2023 — register for minimum two weeks.
•Fees: $75 registration fee. $795 per week. Full payment must be made at time of registration.
20. How does keeping a diary help us remember our experiences?
A. By repeating them in our mind.
B. By thinking about them differently.
C. By comparing them with previous ones.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一个科技夏令营的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章中“Registration begins June 1, 2023 — register for minimum two weeks.(注册开始于2023年6月1日——最少注册两周)”以及“Fees: $75 registration fee. $795 per week. Full payment must be made at time of registration.(费用：75美元注册费。每周795美元。报名时须缴付全部费用)”可知，注册费75美元，每周795美元，最少注册两周，故参加科技夏令营最低花费为75+795×2=1665美元。故选D。
高二英语气候外交策略单选题80题(答案解析)
高二英语气候外交策略单选题80题(答案解析)1.In climate diplomacy, the UNFCCC stands for_____.A.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeB.United Nations Forum on Climate ChangeC.United Nations Foundation for Climate ChangeD.United Nations Fund for Climate Change答案：A。
解析：UNFCCC 是United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 的缩写，即《联合国气候变化框架公约》。
选项B“United Nations Forum on Climate Change”是联合国气候变化论坛，并非UNFCCC 的全称。
选项C“United Nations Foundation for Climate Change”是联合国气候变化基金会。
选项D“United Nations Fund for Climate Change”是联合国气候变化基金。
2.The Kyoto Protocol is mainly about_____.A.reducing greenhouse gas emissionsB.increasing renewable energy useC.promoting sustainable developmentD.protecting wildlife答案：A。
解析：《京都议定书》主要是关于减少温室气体排放。
选项B“increasing renewable energy use”是增加可再生能源的使用。
选项C“promoting sustainable development”是促进可持续发展。
全新版大学英语第三册_课后练习答案解析
全新版大学英语第三册_课后练习答案解析全新版大学英语综合教程第三册课后参考答案Unit 1 Changes in the Way We LivePart II Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeText Organization1.Part One Paras 1-3 The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one. Part Two Paras 4-7 Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard.Part Three Paras 8-11 After quitting his job, the writer's income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by.Part Four Paras 12-15 A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country.2.Happy Moments and Events Hardships1)growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables 1)working hard both in winter and in summer2)canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc. 2)harsh environment and weather condition3)keeping warm inside the house in winter 3)anxious moments after the writer quit his job4)writing freelance articles 4)cutting back on daily expenses5)earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life 5)solitudeVocabularyI. insurance 2) On balance 3) aside from resist 4) cut back 5) resist6) haul 7) supplemented 8) sprayed 9) wicked 10) illustrated11) budget 12) digest 13) boundary 14) get by 15) at that point2. 1) cut back / down 2) pickup 3) get by 4) get through5) face up to 6) turn in 7) turning out 8) think up3. 1) While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy.2) Misused words often generate misleading thoughts.3) Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and service.4) A person who thinks that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money.5) A person surely has to face a good many bitter disappointments before he gets through life.4. 1) Seeing that more and more people are concerned about the quality of their indoor environments, John is considering starting an interior decoration business. It seems certain to earna profit, but he does not yet have enough money to invest in it.2) This device is primarily used for the improvement of the sound quality of electronic media. It was invented in the US, but now it is used on a global scale.3) When the first settlers came to America, their household utensils consisted of a few pots, pans and some bowls stacked in one corner of the house. There wasn't much material temptation around them. They never dined out in a restaurant as we often do nowadays.II. Confusable Words1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) household2. 1) doubt 2) suspected 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspectIII. Word Formation1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows, whys6) upped 7) yellowed 8)bottled 9) lower 10) searchStructurewhen it comes to changing your life2) when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy3) when it comes to emotional intelligence4) when it comes to managing minor matters2. 1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong2) but, unfortunately, money isn't everything3) not all Americans like them4) Not all people share the same interestsComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A) 1. gets by 3. get through up5. improvements from 7. suspect9. profit 1. spraying 12. stacking(B) 1. While 2. escape 3. begin As 5 quit 6. start7. on (also) 9. be13. cook/prepareII. TranslationA decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened / set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their lives.But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.Part III Text BComprehension Checkl. a 2. c 4. b 5. a 6. cLanguage Practice1. In addition2. roast3. percentage4. entertainment6. at one time7. get along8. missed out on9. whip up 10. as a result12. rent over 14. make sense16. go with 17. fried 18. dizzy 19. array 20. gaspedPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperRecent Changes in Chinese Family LifeGreat changes have taken place in Chinese family life in the past twenty years. In my parents' words, the difference between their childhood and mine is as vast as that between heaven and earth.When my parents were young, there was no TV, no computers nor any other electronic appliances in their home. Their food was simple and their clothing plain. What is unbelievable to young people today is that they seldom dined out in a restaurant, or traveled to a scenic spot for a holiday.In contrast to family life one generation ago, each family inChina today has at least one TV set and many have been equipped with telephones, computers, even cars. While the senior members of a family watch films on TV at home, the younger members like to play computer games or talk to their friends who may live thousands of miles from them.The changes in Chinese family life mirror the economic development of our country. Without the prosperity of the whole country, our family life would probably be just the same as before. Times have changed, and changed, most would surely agree with me, for the better.Unit Two Civil Rights HeroesPart II Text A THE FREEDOM GIVERSText OrganizationOne Paras 1-5It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America.Part Two Paras 6-23By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Un-derground Railroad to freedom.2. Story 1 (Paras 6-10): After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slavesto escape north to Canada to get freedom.Story 2 (Paras 11-15): Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helpedblack slaves to escape at huge risk to himself.Story 3 (Paras 16-23): By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his desti?nationand became free at last.VocabularyI. 1. 1) decades 2) historic 3) imposed 4) racial 5) slender 6) closing inon7) settlement 8) site 9) mission 10) authorized 11) terminal12) make the best of13) exploits 14) religious 15) on the side2. 1) pass for 2) stood up for 3) laid down 4) take on 5) let (us) down 6) draw on7) come up 8) given up3. 1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measuresto protect the struggling American steel industry.2)Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural,the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.3) There's not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs.4)A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problemsin the long run.4. 1) As for the protection of these endangered species, many countries do not compel fishermen to report accidental capture of small cetaceans (鲸目动物) in their nets, so significant catches may go unnoticed for years. To deal with this problem, animal protectionists have forged an international alliance. On the other hand they have urged the United Nations to lay down morespecific laws to save these animals.2) It was reported that food supplies would soon run out and most of the victims of the earthquake would starve to death. At huge risk, a group of volunteers from the Red Cross took on the mission to transport food, clothes and medicine to the most seriously hit areas.3) A rally was going to be held in honor of the 16th US President Abraham Lincoln who abolished slavery in 1863 and liberated the slaves in the South. In the eyes of many African-Americans, Lincoln was America's greatest president thanks to his outstanding exploits.II. Words with Multiple Meanings'll tell you about my research project in a minute, but first let's hear about your French trip.McDonald's look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs. money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it's always breaking down.your resume you've mentioned everything but one vital point.technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.am sorry, but I think you shouldn't have delayed your homework.bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.III. Usage1. lonely2. friendly3. weekly, monthly 5. cowardly/ saintly 7. lively 8. motherlyStructureA letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.2)Thus encouraged, we made a still bolder plan for the next year.3)Our government has banned imports of cosmetics containing animal products from 18 countries, mostly in Europe, for fear that they could cause mad cow disease.4)Having graduated from St. Mary's College, Joyce applied to the University of California at Los Angeles.Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.2)Some scientists believe that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since theycan increase yields and farmers' incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing countries.3)With repeated hackers' attacks on our system, we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.4)Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to understand that theChinese preferred "teaching by holding the hand".Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A) 1. Underground 2. forged 3. stand up 4. transport 5. compelled 6. convictions7. liberating 8. mission 9. abolish 10. intent on 11. risk(B) 1. who 2. the 4. in 6. through 8. as10. escape 12. If 14. even 16. insteadII. TranslationHenson's painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.Part III Text BComprehension Check 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. bLanguage Practice1. remarkable2. commitment3. flourish4. resulted from5. grave6. In the midst of7. enforce8. recovery9. guarantee 10.remedy11. discriminate 12. with each passing day 13. unlike 14.subjected to 15. at best 16. plays up 17. come a long way 18. do well19. against all the odds 20. In this contextPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperThe Civil-Rights Movement in the U.S.Black Africans were first brought as slaves to what was to become the United States in the seventeenth century. Slavery was strongest in the South, where large plantations grew cotton, tobacco, and other crops. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a growing demand for cotton led to an increase in the demand for slaves in the region. Slavery was less profitable in the North, however, and much of the opposition to slavery came from the northern states. The tension between the North and the South over the issue of slavery led to the Civil War in 1861.With the victory of the North, slavery was abolished. Discrimination, however, did not end. Black Americans were treated as second class citizens, especially in the South. Dissatisfaction with unfair treatment eventually led to the civil rights protests of the 1950s and 1960s that brought about government action aimed at reducing discrimination.As a result, African Americans have come a long way in the last fifty years, but they still find themselves at a disadvantage in comparison with Americans of European descent. Only 17 per cent of the black population are able to finish higher education, in contrast to 28 per cent of whites. Incomes for the average white family were just over $44,000 in 1999. For an average black family, however, the figure was in the region of $25,000. Not one of the chief executive officers of the top 500 companies is black.Anyway, the civil-rights movement in the U.S. still has a longway to go.Unit Three SecurityText A THE LAND OF THE LOCKText Organization1. 1) Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas. Dead-bolt locks, security chains,electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.2) Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.3) Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasantof homes.4) Access cards are required of those who work with medium to large-size companies.5) Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.6) Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to help determine whether the calleris telling lies or not.7) Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.Vocabularytranquil 2) analyze 3) by a small margin 4)civilize 5) rural 6)closedup7) era 8)paste 9) without so much as 10)sideways 11) barricaded 12)hook up to13) error 14)chart 15) Bathed in2. 1) bring about 2) looked back on 3) cut off 4) fit into 5) wear (the other) down 6) lies in 7) put up 8) stand for3. 1) A certain gene which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchersat the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.2) A wardrobe with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger.3) The NBC show's opening shots feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986—killingall seven crew.4) Colds can be held at bay by increasing your intake of fruit and vegetables which are both low in caloriesand rich in Vitamin C.5) Energy difficulties are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that importedoil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.4. 1) Jacob looked back on his summer holidays spent on the Big Island of Hawaii with itsbeautiful landscape and tranquil atmosphere as a rare escape from the madness of urban life.2) I was puzzled by the word "e-mail" when I came across it for the first time years ago. "What is an e-mail What on earth does the letter 'e' here stand for" I asked myself. Later, I got to know that e-mail is a system for communicating messages by electronic rather than physical means3) Mr. Smith has, over the years, established his name as a successful used-car dealer in the minds of local people. He places regular though small advertisements in newspapers fea-turing affordable second-hand cars, vans and trucks. At the back of his premises he owns a used-car lot (停车场) which faces a deserted street.II. Collocation1. away in 3. forward/through 5. off 7. back, down , outIII. Usage1. Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.2. Most men do not look unattractive in them.3. Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.4. This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.5. His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.StructureIt never occurred to me to ask him what was intended by that remark. I thought he was just joking.2) It occurred to me that the names of their children—Rose, Lily and Daisy—were the names of flowers.3) When he heard her say so, it occurred to him that for convenience he also could contact the local travel agency and ask them to take care of everything.4) Has it never occurred to you that the problems in the Middle East are complicated and difficult to solveIf they don't agree to work extra hours for no extra pay, chances are that they will be dismissed.2) Research is being carried out on the disease and progress is being made at present. Chances arethat there will be a cure within the next ten years.3) If you are eating lots of fatty food, chances are that you'll put on several pounds in a matterof weeks.4) He left his office an hour ago but hasn't got home yet.Chances are that he's got stuck in atraffic jam.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. Statistics 2. rural 3. era 4. stood for 5. on the latch 6. vulnerable7. barriers 8. at bay 9. electronic 10. reflection 11. puzzle 12. civilized(B)1. worse / scarier 2. tougher / harder 3. Yes / True 4. barricading5. from6. not7. every8. However9. say 10. back / at bay 11. chances 12. Therefore 13. when 14. leave 15.Don't 16. head/brainsII. TranslationA burglary is reported every 15 seconds in the United States. Statistics show burglars en-tered morethan 2 million homes last year. Actually it is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. Allyou can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity.A light should be fixedin the doorway and switched on at night. Believe it or not, some people, particularly children who happento be the last to come in, leave their doors on the latch at night. Doors of hollow core, even when locked,are vulnerable to break-ins. Thus doors of solid core or steel are much preferred as they make it difficultfor the burglar to pry open. If you decide to buy an alarm device, be sure to ask for its signs and putthem up on both windows and doors. Finally, a word of warning—when you travel, make sure that you havea trusted neighbor collect and keep all the deliveries of newspapers and mail until you return. This is because a collection of newspapers and mail on the front doorstep or in your mailbox is an advertisementthat no one is home.Part III TextBComprehension Check 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. d 5. a 6. dLanguage Practice1. impact2. inflicted3. draw the line at4. recommend5. circumstance6. break into7. take the plunge8. conclude / have concluded9. aggressive 10. confirm11. advocated 12. insure 13. departed 14. in our favor 15. target 16. count on17. head for 18. Under no circumstances 19. on the line 20. aimed atPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paper Why We Are against Gun ControlShould Americans oppose gun control Of course we should.The gun is the great equalizer. It does not matter whether you are a big tough man or a small frail woman. With a gun in your hand you stand at the same 's more, it is the foundation of our nation. Without it there would be no Republic as it is, for we would never have been able to drive the Indians off the land without shooting so many of them down. Nor would the West have been won. Who would have dared venture into lands unpro-tected by the law if they had not been able to protect themselves with a gun The spirit of our nation thrives on aggressive individuals who are ready to stand up for themselves and to fight for their rights. Look at our films. What do we enjoy watching People shooting one another. True, children occasionally get hold of guns and slaughter their classmates. But if only their classmates had been properly armed, they could have fought back. It was gun control that left them defenceless.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100
2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题This crisis will test the Prime Minister’s mettle.问题1选项A.planB.judgmentC.staminaD.knowledge【答案】C【解析】考查同义名词辨析。
A选项plan“计划，平面图”；B选项judgment“判断，裁判，判决书，辨别力”；C选项stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D选项knowledge“知识，学问，知道，认识，学科”。
句意：这场危机将考验首相的勇气。
Mettle“勇气，气质，耐力”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。
2.单选题Even by tightening the purse strings and cutting（）spending other than（）necessities, the average Beijing resident would still need at least 25 years to buy an apartment, the latest report shows.问题1选项A.out, onB.off, onC.out, forD.down, for【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
cut out“删去，割掉，裁剪”；cut off“截止，中断供应，使死亡”；cut down“削减，缩短，砍倒”。
句意：最新的一份报告显示，即便是精打细算，减少生活必需品以外的支出，北京居民平均仍需要至少25年的时间才能买到一套房子。
因此D选项正确。
3.单选题The German company retained a（）position in hormone research.问题1选项A.chairB.poleC.soapD.floor【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语搭配。
大学生课前英语演讲作文（精选19篇）
大学生课前英语演讲作文（精选19篇）大学生课前英语演讲篇1Students,we come from? to hear this question,i am sure you will say thatparents are taken to put us up in the world. yes ah,one day more than a decadeago,our parents happy with tears and smiles to greet the arrival of the u.s..but when we came to the world the moment that many parents have a hard job - wetake care of. this is even though a heavy burden,but has no complaints toparents raising me up.In order to give us a comfortable living environment,they are always sohard,then the effort. small,i always treat this issue as a matter of course,because i do not know,nor do i know the hard work of parents. now,i grew up,and i know with a heart of thanksgiving to appreciate their parents,should takeon,take care of,the responsibility of your parentsThere is an old said："the milk of the sheep have to kneel tu,a feed hasmeaning." bit by bit,our growth can not be separated from their parents to helpwhen the water springs of the tu reported that,therefore,we should know how tofeel gratitude for it,know how to thank their parents .Call us first time parents,first step towards independence,the first towrite a word askew when ... ... are parents around to teach us patience.parents,are giving us god does not require any modification of the sustenanceof the soul.When we are confronted with difficulties,to devote all of us to helppeople,their parents are.When we are wronged,to be patient to listen to our cry of the people,their parents are.When we make mistakes,he will not hesitate to forgive uswho areparents.When we succeed,would like for us to celebrate,to share with us thepleasure,are the parents.And now far away in our field study,it is still concerned about ourparents.Now i left the distant parents,came here,the mother will ask me homesick,i very firmly said："no,certainly not!"But to the school,in the face of unfamiliar faces unfamiliar environment,i want to cry well. are upset when the home to the phone,the mother the rightto ask me please. my tears quickly down,and tried to not let her find.Not familiar with the latter slowly,although it was no longer such ashomesickness,but there are always unhappy when the advent of a lot of times atnight,when feeling lonely,they will naturally think of distant family members,think of it in the remote mountain village in their own lives more than a dozenof the spring and autumn,and a phone call out greetings and listen to thevoices of parents and that kind.大学生课前英语演讲作文篇2Chinese cities should close schools, cut working hours and stop outdoor activities during the most severe spells of air pollution, the ministry of environmental protection has said."Every possible compulsory measure" must be taken to cut emissions during the heaviest smog –including suspending factory production and imposing traffic restrictions.The ministry's guidelines, issued in a circular, come as China grapples with frequent choking smog in its big cities, a consequence of years of breakneck economic growth that has fuelled public anger.State media recently reported that an eight-year-old girl wholived near a busy thoroughfare in the coastal province of Jiangsu had been diagnosed with lung cancer. The case of the girl, believed to be the country's youngest lung cancer patient, has sparked a public outcry.Despite frequent calls for cutting pollution over recent years, and growing public anger, the problem has only got worse. Schools and workplaces typically operate as normal in all but the most severe smog, even when it reaches hazardous levels.Primary and middle schools suspended classes last month in the north-east city of Harbin during a smog emergency. The airport and some bus routes were also closed.China must also toughen anti-pollution measures on industry and reduce its dependence on coal, which produces more than three-quarters of the country's electricity, the environment ministry said.Public security departments should also toughen checks on vehicles, including phasing out older ones, and ensure there are not too many on the roads, it said.China said in September it would slash coal consumption and shut down polluting mills, factories and smelters, though experts have said implementing the measures would prove difficult.Air pollution is expected to worsen this winter because of a chronic natural gas shortage.大学生课前英语演讲作文篇3Hello, everyone. My name is , I come from Shandong Province. As everyone knows, Shandong is the birthplace of football. So, today I want to say something about football.Football is originated in ancient China which was called cuju at that time. Cuju has a long history of over two thousand years. It started from Chunqiu Period and was very popular in SongDynasty. In Song Dynasty, even the women loved play Cuju at that time . As everyone knows, ,Gao Qiu ,the worst government official in the novel of Water Margin , specializes in playing cuju and by coincidence, he met the prince, and then he was promoted to an aga.Unfortunately, due to the limitations of the feudal society ,nobody played cuju any longer in Qing dynasty. And now, cuju is protected as a kind of culture heritage in China .In the 17th century, cuju was spread to Europe and developed into the sport called modern football. In the 18th century, some British soldiers and poor workers began to play a kind of sport by kicking a ball filled of leather , soon, this sport called football became famous all over the Europe.And now. football is one of the most popular sports in the world. There are more than 4 billion of football fans all over the world. People like football ,because it has magnificent skills、fast speed、wonderful goals、perfect teamwork and handsome football players. For example, Beckham、kaka.Now, there are many famous football clubs likes Real Madrid，Barcelona，Manchester and so on. They have the greatest players and coaches in the world. For example, Real Madrid, it has one of the greatest players in the world—— C. Ronaldo.He has strong muscles, superb skills, and fast speed. He has a yearly salary of more than 10 million Euro which means that he is one of the most valuable football player in the world. In 20__, C.Ronaldo won the UEFA Champions League and then he got the FIFA World Player of the year.The FIFA world cup is the most important competition in international football. The World Cup is held every four years, but the qualifying rounds of the competition take place over a three-year period, using regional qualifying tournaments. Only eight nations have won the World Cup. Brazil is the most successful World Cup team, having won the tournament five times. With five titles, Brazil is the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation which have played in every World Cup to date至今, and they will host the 20th World Cup in 20__.Whats more，Ronaldo, who used to be a Brazil player, keeps the record of the most goals for the World Cup.The World Cup Trophy , is made of pure gold. The bottom of trophy is made of two layers of malachite , which can be carved 17 champion countries. The FIFA set a new rule that the new champion can’t have the trophy forever and it should be given back to the FIFA. What’s more, every champion country just can keep it till next world cup while their name is carved on the trophyFootball is a sport. Through sports, we can become stronger, and smarter. However, football is not just a sport. Sometimes, football is a kind of religion or a kind of belief. It could uintes us together to overcome any difficulties. In some poorcountries, football is the only joy which the children could afford. And sometimes, football could heal the wound. The War could destroy a country, but never a boy’s football dream. In 20__ , Iraq won the Asian cup.Sometimes, football is violent, sometimes, football can be complicated, sometimes, football could hurt the players. But no matter how it transforms, it still helps people to believe themselves, find happiness and hold to their dreams. What’s more, football is a part of life forever.大学生课前英语演讲作文篇4Never Give Up“If I could reach higher, j ust for one moment to touch the sky…”---this is from my favorite song Reach.When we are appreciating the passionate melody of Gloria Estefan, we could hardly imagine that she could return to the stage after her paralysis. In the year 1990, this Cuban singer was knocked down in a traffic accident, and the doctor declared that she might never walk again. But Gloria did not give up and kept up constant exercising. Just one year after the disaster, she stood up again and presented this encouraging song at the Atlanta Olympics.Whenever I think of Gloria, I can’t help recalling my memory seven years ago, when I first entered university. Naturally shy, ordinary looking, average scores in study, just like an ugly duckling, I seemed to be the least outstanding one in my class. And the successive failures in the beginning led me into despair. “Am I destined to take the back seat to others?” Unwilling to submit to the fate, I paid more efforts on my study as well as many other activities, film dubbing, recital, drama…cause I just want to catch every little opportunity to prove myself. Constant effort yields sure success. Thanks to the competition, I received some awards and most of all, I gained the courage and confidence to face any difficulties in my life journey.Life is just like farming, and what you can reap depends a lot on your sowing and dedication. Once you have a dream, don’t be hesitant. Your next difficult step may be the one to the top. Keep going forward, even in the toughest time, and never give up.永不放弃“如果我能到达更高的地方，哪怕只有碰触天空的一刹那…”---选自我所喜爱的歌曲《到达》。
《经济学人》英中对照翻译版(考研英语必备)
来源于/wordpress/（The Economist《经济学人》中文版）和/（《The Economist》《经济学人》中文版）11月10, 2008[2008.11.08] 美国大选：无限期望America's election：Great expectationsNO ONE should doubt the magnitude of what Barack Obama achieved this week. When the president-elect was born, in 1961, many states, and not just in the South, had laws on their books that enforced segregation, banned mixed-race unions like that of his parents and restricted voting rights. This week America can claim more credibly that any other western country to have at last become politically colour-blind. Other milestones along the road to civil rights have been passed amid bitterness and bloodshed. This one was marked by joy, white as well as black (see article).相信无人质疑奥巴马于本周取胜的重要意义。
这位新总统出生于1961年，那时美国很多州的法律都要求强化种族分离、禁止像奥巴马父母那样的跨族通婚、限制选举权利；这些不仅限于南部地区，而出现在全国范围内。
指定计划英文短语
指定计划英文短语Planning is the cornerstone of success. It helps us to set goals and outline the steps needed to achieve them. Whether it's for a school project or personal development, a well-thought-out plan is essential."Map out your path" is a crucial step in the planning process. By visualizing the route to your objective, you can anticipate challenges and prepare for them in advance."Set achievable targets" is another key phrase. It's important to aim high, but the targets must be realistic to maintain motivation and prevent disappointment."Prioritize tasks" ensures that you focus on what's most important first. This helps in managing time effectively and prevents last-minute scrambling."Stay flexible" is a reminder that plans can change. Being adaptable allows you to adjust your plan as new information or opportunities arise."Monitor progress" is vital for keeping on track. Regular check-ins help to identify if you're moving forward or if you need to make changes."Celebrate milestones" is about acknowledging achievements along the way. This boosts morale and keeps themomentum going."Revisit and revise" your plan as needed. Life is dynamic, and so should be your approach to achieving your goals."Execute with excellence" encapsulates the final push towards your plan's completion. It's about putting in yourbest effort to see your plan through to fruition.。
法国自由教师工作计划英文
Introduction:As a freelance teacher in France, my primary goal is to provide high-quality education to students from diverse backgrounds while maintaining flexibility and autonomy in my teaching practices. This work planoutlines my strategies, objectives, and activities to ensure aproductive and fulfilling teaching experience.1. Establishing My Teaching Philosophy and Goals:- Define my educational philosophy, emphasizing student-centered learning, creativity, and critical thinking.- Set clear and achievable goals for each academic term, focusing on student progress and personal growth.2. Identifying Target Audience and Curriculum:- Determine my target audience, including age groups, subjects, and specific educational needs.- Develop a comprehensive curriculum that aligns with the national curriculum standards in France and caters to the unique requirements of my students.3. Building a Strong Online Presence:- Create a professional website and social media profiles to promote my teaching services.- Engage with potential clients through online platforms, offering free resources, and showcasing my expertise.4. Teaching Methodologies:- Utilize a variety of teaching methods, such as interactive discussions, project-based learning, and multimedia resources, to cater to different learning styles.- Incorporate technology tools and platforms to enhance the learning experience, such as educational apps, online collaboration tools, and video conferencing.5. Lesson Planning and Delivery:- Design well-structured lesson plans, including clear learning objectives, activities, and assessments.- Conduct engaging and interactive lessons, ensuring activeparticipation and collaboration among students.- Provide regular feedback and support to students, monitoring their progress and addressing any challenges they may face.6. Continuous Professional Development:- Attend workshops, webinars, and conferences to stay updated with the latest educational trends and techniques.- Seek feedback from students, parents, and colleagues to improve my teaching methods and curriculum.- Explore opportunities for cross-cultural exchange and collaboration with other educators.7. Marketing and Networking:- Network with educational institutions, parents, and students through local events, workshops, and online communities.- Collaborate with other freelance teachers to share resources, exchange ideas, and support each other's growth.- Offer personalized educational services, such as tutoring, private lessons, and specialized workshops.8. Financial Management:- Set a reasonable fee structure based on the market rates and the value of my services.- Develop a business plan to manage finances, including budgeting, invoicing, and tracking expenses.- Establish partnerships with educational institutions and organizations to secure steady income sources.9. Time Management and Work-Life Balance:- Create a balanced schedule that allows me to focus on teaching, while also allocating time for personal and professional growth.- Prioritize tasks effectively, ensuring that I meet deadlines anddeliver high-quality work.- Take regular breaks and engage in stress-reducing activities to maintain a healthy work-life balance.Conclusion:As a freelance teacher in France, I am committed to providingexceptional educational experiences to my students. By following this work plan, I aim to achieve my goals, develop my skills, and build a successful career in the field of education. With dedication, creativity, and continuous improvement, I am confident in my ability to make a positive impact on the lives of my students.。
曾经确定并且实现的目标英语作文
曾经确定并且实现的目标英语作文Title: Achieving a Goal: The Journey of DeterminationSetting a goal is the first step towards turning the invisible into the visible. It was once said by Tony Robbins, a renowned motivational speaker, that setting an ambitious goal and working towards it with determination is the key to success. In my personal journey, there was a goal that I had set for myself, and after months of hard work and dedication, I finally realized it.The goal I had set for myself was to run a marathon. As someone who had never been particularly interested in physical activities or sports, this goal seemed daunting and almost impossible to achieve. However, deep down, I knew that I wanted to challenge myself and push my limits. I wanted to prove to myself that with determination and hard work, anything is possible.The first step towards achieving my goal was to start training.I began by running short distances every day, gradually increasing the mileage as I built up my stamina. It was not easy, and there were many days when I felt like giving up. However, I reminded myself of the goal I had set and pushed through the pain and exhaustion.As the months went by, I noticed a significant improvement in my running abilities. I could run longer distances without feeling tired, and my speed had increased as well. The progress I was making motivated me to keep going, despite the challenges I faced along the way.Finally, the day of the marathon arrived. Standing at the starting line with hundreds of other runners, I felt a mix of nerves and excitement. As the race began, I focused on maintaining a steady pace and conserving my energy for the long journey ahead.The marathon was grueling, to say the least. Despite my months of training, I found myself struggling to keep up with the faster runners. There were moments when I felt like giving up, but I pushed through the pain and fatigue, reminding myself of the goal I had set and the months of hard work I had put in.As I crossed the finish line, I was overwhelmed with a sense of accomplishment and pride. I had achieved a goal that once seemed impossible, and in that moment, I realized the power of determination and hard work.Setting and achieving a goal requires dedication, perseverance, and a strong belief in oneself. It may not be easy, and there will be obstacles along the way, but withdetermination and a clear vision, anything is possible. The journey towards achieving a goal is not just about reaching the destination, but also about the lessons learned and the personal growth that comes with it.In conclusion, setting and achieving a goal is a powerful experience that can transform not only your life but also your mindset. It is a testament to the strength of the human spirit and the potential we all possess to overcome challenges and achieve greatness. My journey towards running a marathon taught me valuable lessons about resilience, perseverance, and the importance of setting ambitious goals. It is a journey that I will always cherish and look back on with pride.。
羽毛球比赛安排英语作文
I remember it vividly, the excitement that pulsed through my veins as I prepared for the schools annual badminton tournament. It was a moment of pride and anticipation, a chance to showcase not just my skills but also the camaraderie and spirit of our team.The tournament was scheduled to take place over the course of a week, with preliminary rounds leading up to the finals. Our school had a rich history of badminton excellence, and every year, the competition was fierce. The organizing committee had meticulously planned the event, ensuring that each match was strategically placed to maximize excitement and fairness.The first day of the tournament was a whirlwind of activity. The gymnasium was transformed into a battleground of nets and rackets, the air thick with the scent of fresh sweat and determination. Our team gathered early, each of us donning our school colors with a sense of pride. We warmed up with a series of drills, our coach barking out instructions and encouragements.The matches began promptly at 9 AM, with the sound of the referees whistle cutting through the air like a sharp blade. I was scheduled to play in the second match of the day, and as I watched my teammates take to the court, I felt a mix of nerves and adrenaline. Each point scored was met with cheers from the crowd, each missed shot with a collective sigh.When it was finally my turn, I stepped onto the court with a deep breath. The lights were bright, the eyes of the audience upon me. My opponent was a formidable player, known for her agility and precision. The first fewpoints were a test of nerves, a dance of feints and parries as we sized each other up.As the game progressed, I found my rhythm. Each smash and return felt like an extension of my will, my body moving in sync with the flight of the shuttlecock. The crowd roared with every rally, their energy fueling my own.I could see the determination in my opponents eyes, but I was relentless, pushing forward with every ounce of strength I had.The final point was a blur of movement. A high serve, a swift return, and then a moment of stillness as the shuttlecock arced towards the net. It was a splitsecond decision, a lunge forward with my racket outstretched. The sound of the shuttlecock hitting the net was like a victory song, the crowd erupting into applause as I secured my place in the next round.The days that followed were a testament to the spirit of the tournament. Each match was a battle of skill and endurance, the players pushing themselves to their limits. The camaraderie among the teams was palpable, with players offering words of encouragement and advice even to their competitors.The final day of the tournament was a culmination of weeks of preparation and hard work. The atmosphere was electric, the anticipation building with each passing minute. As I stepped onto the court for the final match, I felt a sense of calm. It was not just about winning or losing, but about the journey and the lessons learned along the way.The final match was a display of raw talent and sheer determination. Every point was hardfought, every rally a testament to the skill of the players. In the end, it was a close game, but I emerged victorious, my heart pounding with a mix of relief and elation.As I stood on the podium, the medal around my neck, I couldnt help but reflect on the journey. The badminton tournament was more than just a competition it was a celebration of sportsmanship, resilience, and the unyielding spirit of our school. It was a reminder that in the face of adversity, it is our determination and passion that truly define us.。
2025版高考英语一轮复习核心素养测评七必修2Unit2TheOlympicGames含解析新人教版
核心素养测评七必修2 Unit 2 The Olympic Games(限时35分钟)Ⅰ. 阅读理解ABreakdancing is set to make its debut(首次亮相) as an Olympic sport at Paris 2024, Tony Estanguet, head of the Paris organizing committee, said on February 21. Skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing which have already been added to the 2024 Tokyo Olympics, have been invited to return in Paris.Estanguet said the choices responded to a need to make the Olympics “more urban” and “more artistic”. “We have chosen to present the International Olympic Committee (IOC) with the four sports because they are creative, appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision. They reflect perfectly Paris 2024’s identity. ”Breakdancing is an example of a sport “which can be played anywhere and anytime in urban and other environments. ” It appeared at the 2024 Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires in the form of head-to-head “battles”. In competitive breakdancing, breakers face off in “battles” against each other, either as individuals or teams. Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics(杂技).The IOC had announced that the number of competitors at Paris 2024 would be restricted to 10, 500, which limited the opportunity to add sports. But the organizers said the inclusion would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities and would involve just 248 competitors, including 32 breakdancers. The surfing events are likely to be held in established surf center such as Biarritz or Lacanau in southwest France.The inclusion still needs to be rubberstamped by the IOC, which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris after next year’s Tokyo Games.【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。
坚定的执行计划英语
坚定的执行计划英语English:An unwavering commitment to executing a plan is crucial for achieving any goal, be it personal or professional. Such determination involves several key components. Firstly, a clear and comprehensive understanding of the plan itself is essential. This requires not only knowing the end goal but also the steps needed to reach it. Secondly, discipline plays a vital role in maintaining focus and adhering to the schedule, even when faced with distractions or setbacks. Consistency is another important factor; regularly checking progress and making necessary adjustments can help keep the plan on track. Additionally, flexibility is needed to adapt to unforeseen circumstances without compromising the core objectives. Effective communication within a team ensures that everyone is aligned and working towards the same goal. Feedback and open dialogue can foster a collaborative environment, allowing for continuous improvement. Moreover, accountability is vital; taking responsibility for both successes and failures helps maintain a results-oriented mindset. Finally, intrinsic motivation—such as passion for the goal—serves as a powerful driving force. An unwavering execution plan integrates all these elements, providing a solid foundation for success.中文翻译:坚定的执行计划对于实现任何目标都是至关重要的，无论是个人目标还是职业目标。
超实用高考英语冲刺复习：语法填空三年真题研读- 三年真题研读暨考前冲刺练(教师版)
语法填空三年真题研读-决战新高考距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【真题解析】2022年新高考I卷The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___56___(cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___(be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate___62___(population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
怎么提升防守强度英文作文
怎么提升防守强度英文作文Title: Enhancing Defensive Strength。
In the realm of sports, defense is often the unsung hero, the backbone that upholds a team's success. Whetherit's basketball, soccer, or any other sport, a solid defense can make or break a team's performance. So, how can one elevate their defensive prowess? Here, we delve into the strategies and principles that contribute to bolstering defensive strength.1. Understanding Defensive Fundamentals:At the core of effective defense lies a profound understanding of defensive fundamentals. This entails mastering the art of positioning, anticipation, and communication. By positioning oneself strategically on the field or court, a defender can thwart the opponent's advances and minimize scoring opportunities. Anticipation involves reading the game, predicting the opponent's moves,and reacting swiftly. Effective communication among teammates ensures seamless coordination and coverage, leaving no gaps for the opposition to exploit.2. Developing Physical Fitness:Physical fitness forms the cornerstone of a robust defense. Endurance, agility, speed, and strength are essential attributes that enable defenders to outmaneuver their opponents, maintain intense pressure, and sustain peak performance throughout the game. A comprehensive fitness regimen comprising cardiovascular exercises, strength training, plyometrics, and flexibility drills is imperative for enhancing defensive capabilities.3. Embracing Tactical Strategies:Tactical acumen is instrumental in outsmarting the opposition and neutralizing their offensive threats. Coaches often devise defensive strategies tailored to counter the opponent's strengths and exploit their weaknesses. This may involve adopting man-to-man marking,zone defense, pressing tactics, or employing defensive traps to disrupt the flow of play and regain possession. By executing tactical plans with precision and adaptability, defenders can assert their dominance on the field and thwart the opposition's scoring attempts effectively.4. Cultivating Mental Resilience:Defense is not merely a physical endeavor; it is also a test of mental resilience and fortitude. Defenders must possess unwavering focus, concentration, and determination, especially during high-pressure situations. They should exhibit composure in the face of adversity, learn from mistakes, and maintain a positive mindset throughout the game. Developing mental toughness enables defenders to bounce back from setbacks, stay disciplined in their defensive duties, and inspire confidence among teammates.5. Analyzing Opponents and Self-Reflection:A proactive approach to defense involves studyingthe strengths, weaknesses, and tendencies of opposing teams and individual players. By conducting thorough scouting reports and video analysis, defenders can gain insightsinto their adversaries' playing styles, set-piece routines, and offensive patterns. Furthermore, engaging in self-reflection allows defenders to assess their own performances critically, identify areas for improvement, and refine their defensive techniques accordingly.6. Practicing Drills and Simulations:Repetition is key to mastery, and defensive drills and simulations offer invaluable opportunities for defenders to hone their skills in a controlled environment. From one-on-one duels and interception exercises to defensive shape drills and simulated game scenarios, purposeful practice sessions enable defenders to sharpen their defensive instincts, reactions, and decision-making under pressure. By simulating game-like situations, defenders can develop muscle memory and refine their defensive reflexes, thereby enhancing their overall defensive strength.In conclusion, the quest to enhance defensive strength demands a multifaceted approach encompassing technical proficiency, physical conditioning, tactical astuteness, mental resilience, strategic analysis, and diligent practice. By embracing these principles and continually striving for improvement, defenders can elevate their performance, solidify their team's defense, and contribute significantly to their team's success on the field.。
全国大学生英语竞赛 C 类资料整理
全国大学生英语竞赛C 类资料整理Part I 听力特别注意：听力内容均是只播放一遍！Section A 5 段短对话，分别1 个小问题。
Section B 2 段长对话，分别5 个小问题。
前两部分的长短对话难度其实不是很大，主要是尽快让自己进入状态，听力只有一遍，上一题没听到，就赶紧猜一个，千万不要影响后面的题目。
Section C 5 段短新闻，分别1 个小问题，内容均是摘自BBC 或VOA 的新闻。
现在只剩下一个月时间，要大家一直对着BBC 或是VOA 广播听也不是办法，建议大家上沪江英语学习的BBC 或VOA 小组，里面的内容一般都是筛选过的，每天听一些，熟悉一下英美人士的发音就好。
Section D 1 段长文章，共有10 个空格，注意要填写的可能是单词也可能是短语。
最后就是关于考听力的一些提示，毕竟英语竞赛的听力考试是播放录音的，各考场分配到的带子质量不一，考场环境有好有坏。
假设你实在太倒霉了，带子播放不清晰，环境吵杂（监考老师也很可能帮不了你，因为大多监考老师不是英语老师），也不要心慌，冷静下来尽量听到关键词，加上自己的大胆猜测，蒙对的概率也是很大的。
情景词汇大归纳在学校：grade 等级；mark 分数；semester 学期；assignment 作业；lecture 演讲，讲稿；scholarship 奖学金；test 测试；vacation 假期；credit 学分；quiz 小测验；top student 优等生在医院：medicine 药；injection 注射；diagnose 诊断；prescription 处方；patient 病人；ache 疼痛；stomachache 胃疼，肚子痛；toothache 牙痛；headache 头痛；high fever 发高烧；sore throat 嗓子痛；mumps 腮腺炎；measles 麻疹；lung cancer 肺癌；liver cancer 肝癌；heart attack 心脏病发作；physician 内科医生；surgeon 外科医生；pediatrician 儿科医生；vet 兽医；recovery (from) （病后）痊愈，恢复；operation 手术; doctor 医生；nurse 护士；ward 病房;emergency-ward 急诊病房；cough 咳嗽; temperature 体温；blood pressure 血压；在宾馆: reception desk 接待处；front desk 前台；vacant room 空房；single room 单人间；double room 双人间；reserve/book 预定；check in 登记住入；check out 结帐离开；porter 行李搬运工；tip 小费；full 客满；room service 房间服务部，服务到屋在商店：bargain 便宜货；receipt 收据；cashier 出纳；shop assistant 售货员；salesclerk 店员；fake commodities 假冒伪劣商品；size 尺寸；color 颜色；style 式样; price 价格；guarantee 保修; expiration period 保质期；after-sale service 售后服务；fashion 时髦，时尚；cheap 便宜的；expensive 昂贵的；counter 柜台在机场：flight 航班；passport 护照；visa 签证；board 登机；reservation 预约；airhostess 空中小姐；pilot 飞行员；duty-free shop 免税店；airport 机场在餐馆：waiter 服务员；waitress 女服务员；order 点菜；menu 菜单；bill 帐单；drink 饮料；soft drink 不含酒精的饮料；salad 色拉；soup 汤；dessert 甜点；roast beef 烤牛肉；pork 猪肉；mutton 羊肉；lamb 羔羊肉；chicken 鸡肉；fish 鱼肉；steak 牛排；go Dutch 各付各的，AA 制；on the house 免费；It is my treat (it’s on me)我请客在法院：sue 控告；legal 合法的；accuse 控告；the accused /defendant 被告；the plaintiff /accuser 原告；charge 控诉；convict 宣告有罪；client 委托人，当事人；judge 法官；sentence 判刑；imprisonment 关押，监禁；capital punishment 死罪；death penalty 死刑在邮局：postage 邮资；letter 信件；postcard 明信片；stamp 邮票；envelope 信封；parcel 包裹；registered mail 挂号信；air mail 航空邮件；ordinary mail 普通邮件；express mail 快件；telegram 电报；money order 汇款在银行：current/checking account 活期帐户；deposit account 定期帐户；savings account 储蓄帐户；balance 余额；check 支票；bank clerk 银行职员；interest rate 利率；cash 现金；dollar 美圆；pound 英镑；open an account 开户；withdraw some money 取出一些钱和旅行有关的词汇：package tour 由旅行社承包一切的旅行；travel agent 旅行代理人，旅行代办人；travel agency 旅行社；travel map 旅游图；traveler’s check 旅行支票；brochure 小册子；place of (historical) interest 历史名胜；seaside resort 海边度假胜地和体育有关的词汇：gymnastics 体操；high jump 跳高；long--jump 跳远；discus 铁饼；shot put 铅球；aerobics 健美操；power walking 竞走；figure skating 花样滑冰；surfing 冲浪；jogging 慢跑；canoeing 划船；fencing 击剑；judo 柔道；cricket 板球；roller skating 旱冰；weight –lifting 举重；rowing 赛船；badminton 羽毛球；sumo(-wrestling) 相扑与新闻相关的词汇Negotiations 谈判, delegate 代表, delegation 代表（团）, summit 峰会, declaration 宣布sponsor 发起者（倡议者）, resolve their differences 消除分歧, promote peace 促进和平, boost economic co-op 加强经济合作make concession/compromise 作出妥协,pass a resolution 通过决议veto a bill 否决议案break the deadlock 打破僵局a scientific breakthrough 科学突破an unexpected outcome 出乎意料的结果sign/ratify an accord/deal/treaty/ pact/agreement 签署协议diplomatically isolated country 在外交上被孤立的国家diplomatic solutions 外交解决方案military option 军事解决途径(动用武力) escalating tension 逐步升级的局势military coupe 军事政变forced from office 被赶下台step down/aside 下台on the brink of war 处于战争边缘hot spot 热点,take hostilities toward..对..采取敌对态度sporadic fighting 断断续续的战斗rebels 叛军wounded, killed, injury, death, casualties 伤亡heavy fighting 激战, genocide 种族灭绝relief effort 救济工作humanitarian aid 人道主义援助ethnic cleansing 种族排斥broker/mediate a ceasefire/truce 促成停火refugee 难民illegal aliens 非法移民mediator 调解员end the bloodshed 结束流血事件special envoy 特使peace-keeping forces 维和部队national convention 国民大会guerrilla war 游击战争,border dispute 边境争端armed conflict 武装冲突reconciliation 调解fight corruption 反腐败corrupted election 腐败的选举peace process 和平进程give a boost to...促进booming economy 促进经济发展civil war 内战mutual benefits/interests 双赢cruise missile 巡航导弹come to a conclusion 达成一致coalition forces 联合军队interim/transitional government 过渡政府sluggish economy 萧条的经济on high alert 处于高级戒备状态rebellion 叛乱rebel forces 叛军Defense Minister 国防部长evacuate 疏散Pentagon 五角大楼impose/break a deadline 规定/打破最后期限retaliate 报复banking reform 金融改革commissioner 代表go bankrupt 破产file for bankruptcy 提出破产deputy 代表sensitive 敏感hostage 人质kidnapped French nationals 被绑架的法国人rescue 救援release 释放invade 入侵US-led invasion 美国领导的入侵right-wing extremists 右翼极端分子external forces 外部力量warring factions 交战各方topple the government 推翻政府disarmament agreement 裁军协议mandate 托管，命令boycott 抵制embargo 禁运，禁止通商impose sanctions against...实施制裁dismantle 销毁the implementation of an accord 执行决议germ warfare 介子战争to ease the ban on ivory trade 缓解对象牙贸易的禁令to harbor sb.保护animal conservation 动物保护threatened/endangered species 濒危物种illegal poaching 非法捕猎face extinction 濒临灭亡stagnant/ recession 萧条financial crisis 金融危机deflation 通货紧缩inflation 通货膨胀retail prices 零售价格whole sale prices 批发价格suicide bombing 自杀性袭击事件dispute 纠纷crisis 危机conflict 冲突holy war 圣战administration 管理regime 制度claim responsibility for...声称负责suspend 停止resume 继续, Gallup/opinion/exit poll，survey 民意调查provocation 挑衅,rule out the possibility of...排除可能性stand trial 受审put ....on trial 审判某人sue，file suit against...状告radioactive 放射性radiation 辐射uranium enrichment program 铀浓缩计划suspect, arrest, detain, in custody 被囚禁on human rights abuse charges 反人权罪名HIV positiveHIV 阳性malaria, diabetes, hypertension,lung cancer, breast cancer 疟疾，糖尿病，高血压，肺癌，乳腺癌fight poverty/starvation/hunger/disease/virus 抗击贫困，饥饿，疾病，病毒stop the spread of...停止传播? crack down on...严打illegal drug trafficking 毒品贩运piracy, pirated products 盗版产品fake goods 假货notorious 臭名昭著bloody tyrant 血腥独裁者, execute/execution 处决death penalty 死刑seminar 研讨小组forum 论坛peace conference 和会national convention 全国代表大会his counterpart 同等级别的人my predecessor/successor 我的前任/后任coalition party 联合政党post-war reconstruction 战后重建pre-war intelligence 战前情报radar 雷达espionage 间谍spying activity 间谍行为,electronic warfare 电子战争chemical/biological/nuclear warfare 化学/生物/核战争Part II 词汇和结构一共15 小题，考的语法知识不是太难，四六级之间的程度。
高考英语高频词汇清单(C部)
高考英语高频词汇（C部）（一）1.calligraphy [kə'lɪgrəfɪ] n.书法；书法艺术2.calendar [ˈkælɪndə(r)] n.日历；历法3.campaign [kæmˈpeɪn] n.运动，活动；（military）战役 vt.发起运动；作战4.campus [ˈkæmpəs] n.（大学、学院的）校园，校区(on)5.candidate [ˈkændɪdət] n.候选人, 申请人 (applicant, seeker)6.capable [ˈkeipəbl] a.有能力的，有才能的 (able, petent) [反] incapable7.capacity [kəˈpæsiti] n.容量；能力(ability, capability, petence)8.capture [ˈkæptʃə] vt.战领；捕获；表现 (感情、气氛)；拍摄; 得到9.career [kəˈrɪə] n.职业生涯；职业10.carve [kɑːv] vt.刻；雕刻carving ['kɑːvɪŋ] n.雕刻品；雕刻图案；雕像11.cast [kɑ:st] vt.选派……扮演角色（as）；投射；抛12.casual [ˈkæʒʊəl] a.非正式的; 偶然的；不经意的13.catalog/catalogue [ˈkætəlɒɡ] n.目录14.category [ˈkætɪɡərɪ] n.类别, 种类（class，classification，categorization，group）15.caution [ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n] n.谨慎, 小心；警告 vt.警告cautious [ˈkɔːʃəs] a.小心的；谨慎的16.cease [si:s] v.（使）停止，终止ceaseless [ˈsi:slɪs] a.不停的（continual）17.ceremony n.典礼, 仪式, 礼节18.certificate [sərˈtɪfɪkət] n.证书；合格证书；电影放映许可证v.发给证明书19.challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n.挑战vt.向...挑战challenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] a.挑战性的；考验能力的20.champion [ˈtʃæmpɪən] n.冠军, 优胜者；捍卫者，提倡者 vt.支持21.channel [ˈtʃæn(ə)l] n.频道；通道；水渠 vt.为…引资；引导；贯注22.characteristic [kærɪktəˈrɪstɪk] a.典型的, 独特的（of）n.特征；特点【C】23.characterize [ˈkærəktəraɪz] vt.描绘…的特性；具有…的特征 (typify)24.charge [tʃɑːdʒ] vt.收费；将(电池)充电; 指控 n.费用；主管；照管；职责25.charm [tʃɑːrm] n.魅力，吸引力；魔力vt.使陶醉；行魔法vi.有魔力；用符咒charming ['tʃa:mɪŋ] adj.令人着迷的；迷人的；吸引人的26.chase [tʃeɪs] vt.追赶；追逐；追求；努力获得27.cherish [ˈtʃerɪʃ] vt.珍爱；怀有（感情等）；抱有（希望等）28.chip [ˈtʃɪp] n.缺口；碎片；薯条；芯片 vt.把……弄出缺口29.chronic [ˈkrɑːnɪk] adj.慢性的；长期的；习惯性的30.circle [ˈsɜːk(ə)l] n./vt.圆圈将…圈起来31.circulate [ˈsɜːkjʊleɪt] vi.（液体或气体）环流, 循环32.cite [saɪt] vt.引用，引述；表彰33.civil [ˈsɪvl] adj.公民的；民用的；文职的civilian [sɪˈvɪlɪən] n.平民, 老百姓civilization [sɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n] n.文明34.claim [kleɪm] vt.(根据权利)要求, 主张 n.(根据权利提出) 要求, 主张35.clarify [ˈklærɪfaɪ] vt.澄清, 阐明clarity[ˈklærɪtɪ] n.清晰的思维（或理解）能力36.classic [ˈklæsɪk] a.（风格或设计）典雅的，古朴的; 一流的classical [ˈklæsɪk(ə)l] a.传统的；古典的37.classify [ˈklæsɪfaɪ] v.分类, 归类classification [ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n.分类；类别，等级38.coach [kəʊtʃ] n.教练；马车；长途车 vt.训练39.code [kəʊd] n.密码；规范 vt.将……编码40.collapse [kəˈlæps] vi.倒坍；崩溃，瓦解 n.倒塌41.colleague [ˈkɔliːɡ] n.同事42.collective [kəˈlektɪv] adj.集体的；共同的；共有的43.column [ˈkɑːləm] n.列；专栏；圆柱44 bine [kəmˈbaɪn] vt.使联合；使结合bined adj.共同的（joint）45 mand [kəˈmɑːnd] vt.命令; 赢得, 值得 n.命令；掌握46 ment [ˈkɔment] n.评论 vi.评论47 mercial [kəˈməːʃl] a.贸易的；商业的 n.广告（s）48 mit [kəˈmɪt] vt.使承诺；耗费；犯（罪, 错）;mitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺；责任感；花费49 mittee [kəˈmɪtɪ] n.委员会50 mute [kəˈmjuːt] vi.（搭乘车、船等）通勤n.通勤（口语）51 panion [kəmˈpænɪən] n.同伴；同事acpany [əˈkʌmpən ɪ] vt.陪同, 陪伴；伴随，与…同时发生pany n.公司；陪伴52 pare [kəmˈpeə(r)] vt.比较, 对照parable [ˈkɑːmpərəbl]adj.类似的，可比较的；同等的，相当的parison [kəmˈpærɪsn] n.比较；对照；比喻；比较关系53 pensate [ˈkɔmpenseɪt] vi.补偿, 弥补（for）=make up54 petence [ˈkɔmpətəns] n.能力,胜任（capability）55 petitor [kəmˈpetɪtə(r)] n.竞赛者, 比赛者petitive a.好竞争的；有竞争力的（二）1 plex [ˈkɔmpleks] adj.复杂的 n.建筑群plexity [kəmˈpleksɪti] n.复杂2 plicate [ˈkɑːmplɪkeɪt] vt.使复杂plication [ˌkɑːmplɪˈkeɪʃn] n.难题；并发症；错综复杂3 pliment [ˈkɑːmplɪmənt] n.恭维；称赞 vt.恭维；称赞4 pose [kəmˈpəuz] vt.撰写（信函、讲稿、诗歌等）；组成，构成（一个整体）ponent [kəmˈpəʊnənt] n.组成部分, 部件position [kɔmpəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n.作文；作曲5 pound [kəmˈpaund] n.化合物; 复合物；混合物6 prehension [kɔmprɪˈhenʃ(ə)n] n.理解力；领悟能力prehensive [ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv] adj.综合的；有理解力的7 pulsory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] a.强制的, 必须做的8.conceal [kənˈsi:l] vt.把…隐藏起来9.concentrate [ˈkɔnsəntreɪt] vi.集中；全神贯注concentration[ˈkɔnsəntreɪʃən] n.浓度；专注10.concept [ˈkɔnsept] n.概念；观念11.concern [kənˈsɜːn] vt.担忧；关于；n.担心（对人、组织等）重要的事情12.concrete [ˈkɔŋkriːt] a.具体的；混凝土制的13.confirm [kənˈfɜːm] vt.证实；确认14.conflict [ˈkɔnflɪkt] n./vi.冲突, 争执, 争论15.conquer [ˈkɔŋkə] vt.占领；克服16.conscience [ˈkɔnʃəns] n.良心, 良知17.conscious [ˈkɑːnʃəs] a.意识到的subconscious [sʌbˈkɒn(t)ʃəs] a.潜意识的 n.潜意识18.consequence [ˈkɔnsɪkwəns] n.结果, 后果19.conserve [ˈkɔnsəːv ] vt.保护；保藏conservation [kɔnsəˈveɪʃ(ə)n] n.（对自然环境的）保护；节约20.considerable [kənˈsɪdərəbl]adj.相当大的；重要的，值得考虑的considerate[kənˈsɪdərət]adj.体贴的；考虑周到的considering [kənˈsɪdərɪŋ] prep.考虑到；鉴于(given)21.constantly [ˈkɔnstəntlɪ] adv.始终；不断地22.construct [kənˈstrʌkt] vt.建造, 建设construction [kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n.建造, 建设建筑物23.consult [kənˈsʌlt] vt./vi.咨询, 商量consultant [kənˈsʌltənt] n.顾问24.consume [kənˈsʌltənt] vt.吃，喝；消耗, 耗费（燃料, 能量, 时间等）consumption [kənˈsʌm(p)ʃn] n.消费；消耗25.contain [kənˈteɪn] vt.容纳；抑制26.contemporary [kənˈtempərərɪ] a.同时代的；当代的 n.同时代的人27.content [kənˈtent] a.甘愿的,满意的 n.内容 vt.使满意28.contract ['kɒntrækt] n.合同；契约 vi.订立合同29.contrary [ˈkɔntrərɪ] n.相反 a.相反的30.contrast [ˈkɑːntræst] vt.使与...对比 vi.和...形成对照 n.对比31.contribute [kənˈtrɪbjuːt] vt.捐献 vi.是……的原因（to）contribution [kɔnˈtrɪbjuːʃən] n.贡献；作用32.controversy [ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi] n.争论（disagreement，dispute）controversial [kɔntrəˈvɜːʃ(ə)l] a.有争议的33.convention [kənˈvenʃən] n.习俗，惯例conventional [kənˈvenʃən(ə)l] a.依照惯例的34.converse [ˈkɒnvɜːs] n.相反的事物 a.相反的 vi.交谈conversely [ˈkɔnvə:sli] ad.相反地35.convert [kənˈvə:t] vt.（使）转变（change，transform）36.convey [kənˈveɪ] vt.表达, 传递（思想, 感情等）37.convince [kənˈvɪns] vt.使确信；使相信；使信服convincing adj.有说服力的（persuasive）38.coordinate [kəuˈɔdinit] vt.使协调，调节 n.坐标39.cooperate [kəʊˈɑːpəreɪt] vi.合作corporation [ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃn] n.大公司；法人（团体）40.correspond [kɔrɪˈspɔnd] vi.相一致；相符合（with）41.costly [ˈkɒstli] adj.费钱的；昂贵的42.counter [ˈkaʊntə(r)] n.（厨房的）操作台；（商店、银行等的）柜台43.coverage [ˈkʌvərɪdʒ] n.新闻报道44.craft [krɑːft] n.航天器；工艺；骗术 vt.熟练制作crafty adj.巧妙的；（尤指）狡诈的，诡计多端的craftsman n.手艺人craftsmanship n.做工；技艺45.crawl [krɔːl] vi.爬；爬行；匍匐行进46.credit [ˈkredɪt] n.称赞；信用制 vt.把某事物归功于某人/某事物47.criminal [ˈkrɪmɪn(ə)l] n.罪犯48.crisis [ˈkraɪsɪs] n.危机 adj.危机的49.criterion (pl.criteria) [kraɪˈtɪərɪən] n.标准, 准则, 原则50.critic ['krɪtɪk] n.批评家；评论员critical [ˈkrɪtɪkl] adj.批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的criticism [ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm] n.批评criticize ['krɪtɪsaɪz] vt.批评；批判；挑剔51.crown [kraun] n.王冠，冕；花冠 vt.为……加冕；覆盖在……顶部52.crucial ['kru:ʃəl] adj.至关重要的；关键性的(critical)53.cucumber [ˈkjuːkʌmbər] n.黄瓜；胡瓜54.cue [kjuː] n.提示，暗示 vt.给…暗示55.cultivate [ˈkʌltiveit] vt.种植；培养56.curious [ˈkjʊərɪəs] a.好奇的；奇异的curiosity [ˌkjʊərɪˈɒsɪti] n.好奇心；求知欲57.current [ˈkʌrənt] adj.当前的 n.（海洋或江河的）水流；气流58.currently [ˈkʌrəntlɪ] adv.当前59.curriculum [kəˈrɪkjələm] n.课程；总课程 (pl.curricula)60.curtain [ˈkɜːt(ə)n] n.（舞台上的）幕，幕布，帷幕; 窗帘。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Constrained with or Enforce demand due dates (EDD) decision rules
-May be Enforce capacity constraints (ECC) - Substitutes/alternates selected based on decision rules
1. 2. 3. 4. Capacity Constraints Decision Rules Profile Options Plan Settings
11 - 9
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Quiz
With Enforce Capacity Constraints plans, demands may be late.
Topic Overview: Constrained Plans
• • • •
Enforce capacity constraints Enforce demand due dates Decision rules Plan type comparison
11 - 4
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enforce Capacity Constraints
Balanced supply and demand…
…across the supply chain
Respects constraints…
11 - 5
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
11 - 23
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserve09, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Quiz
Additional instructions to the planning engine on using substitutes and alternates to produce the supply with fewer constraint violations are called:
1. True 2. False
11 - 10
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Topic Overview: Plan Options
Decision rules tabbed region
11 - 11
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Decision Rules Tabbed Region
11 - 12
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Topic Overview: Decisions
• End-item substitution • User-defined alternate decision rules • User-defined alternate decision rules: Alternate resources • User-defined alternate decision rules: Substitute components • User-defined alternate decision rules: Alternate bill of material/routing pairs • User-defined alternate decision rules: Alternate sources • Decision rule hierarchy
Primary
Resource
Alternate
Resource
Component
Component
Routing
Bill of Material
Routing
Bill of Material
Source
Source
11 - 15
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
- Demands may be late - Resource capacity,supplier capacity respected - Lead time, planning time fence respected
Constrained - - Demands on time Enforce demand - Resource capacity,supplier capacity violated - Lead time, planning time fence violated due dates
11 - 2
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Module Overview: Topics
• Constrained plans • Plan options • Decisions
11 - 3
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Quiz
The planning engine uses the primary component instead of a substitute as long as the primary component is available.
11 - 13
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
End-Item Substitution
A
X
B
C
D
11 - 14
E
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
User-Defined Alternate Decision Rules
11 - 20
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Quiz
You can define alternate resources for both operations, and routings.
1. True 2. False
11 - 21
1. True 2. False
11 - 22
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Summary
In this you should have learned how to: • Describe constrained plans • Describe plan options • Describe decisions
Balanced supply and demand…
…across the supply chain
Respects constraints…
11 - 7
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Plan Type Comparison
Constrained Enforce capacity constraints
Constrained Plans - Enforce Capacity Constraints with Decision Rules
Advanced Supply Chain Planning Fundamentals
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
User-Defined Alternate Decision Rules: Alternate Resources
Primary
Resource
Alternate
Resource
11 - 16
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
User-Defined Alternate Decision Rules: Substitute Components
Primary
Alternate
Source
Source
11 - 19
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Decision Rule Hierarchy
The planning engine attempts to make decisions in the following order: • End-item substitution • Alternate resource decision rules • Substitute component decision rules • Alternate bill of material/routing pair decision rules • Alternate source decision rules
Primary
Alternate
Routing
Bill of Material
Routing
Bill of Material
11 - 18
Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
User-Defined Alternate Decision Rules: Alternate Sources