Users Guide XBee XBee-PRO Drop in Networking Accessories
Tobii PCEye Go 用户手册说明书
Tobii PCEye Go 用户手册用户手册Tobii PCEye Go版本2.808/2015版权所有。
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目录内容1简介 (6)1.1关于警示语的说明 (6)1.2符号与标志 (6)1.3预期用途 (6)1.4包装内容 (7)2安全性 (8)2.1安装警告 (8)2.2紧急警告 (8)2.3红外警告 (8)2.4癫痫警告 (8)2.5磁场警告 (8)2.6儿童安全 (8)2.7请勿拆开Tobii PCEye Go (9)2.8Gaze Interaction (9)3开始使用 (10)3.1Tobii PCEye Go安装指南 (10)3.2将Tobii PCEye Go装到您的显示器/笔记本电脑上 (10)3.3Tobii PCEye Go配置指南 (11)3.4软件更新 (13)4使用Tobii PCEye Go (14)4.1定位 (14)4.1.1跟踪箱 (14)4.1.2跟踪状态查看器 (15)4.1.2.1显示跟踪状态 (15)4.1.3定位指南 (15)4.2使用Windows Control (16)4.2.1Windows Control类型 (16)4.2.2启动和禁用Windows Control (17)4.2.3使用Gaze Selection (17)4.2.3.1Gaze Selection任务栏 (17)4.2.3.2任务按钮 (19)4.2.3.3Windows7里的功能重叠 (20)4.2.3.4Windows8里的功能重叠 (20)4.2.3.5Windows10里的功能重叠 (22)4.2.3.6在Windows8.1和Windows10中并排显示窗口/关闭应用 (24)4.2.3.6.1如何并排显示窗口/关闭应用 (24)4.2.3.6.2如何分屏并排更多应用 (26)4.2.3.7选择方法—Gaze（注视）和Switch（外置按钮） (28)4.2.3.7.1让外置按钮执行固定任务和默认左键单击/轻按 (28)4.2.3.7.2不用外置按钮而用键盘按键来激活任务 (28)4.2.3.8注视键盘 (29)4.2.3.8.1键盘任务栏 (30)4.2.3.8.2键盘任务栏的任务按钮 (31)4.2.3.8.3文字预测 (31)4.2.3.9结合基于区域键盘的Gaze Selection (32)4.2.4使用Mouse Emulation (32)4.2.4.1放置Mouse Emulation菜单 (32)4.2.4.2在Mouse Emulation模式下利用Windows Control进行点击 (32)4.2.4.3在Mouse Emulation模式下使用Windows Control进行放大 (33)4.2.4.4选择Mouse Emulation功能 (33)4.2.4.5在Mouse Emulation模式下暂停Windows Control (33)4.2.4.6在Mouse Emulation模式利用Windows Control进行滚动 (33)4.3暂停/继续Gaze Interaction (34)4.4Tobii PCEye Update Notifier (35)5Gaze Interaction设置 (36)5.1访问Gaze Interaction Settings (36)5.2校准 (37)5.2.1开始校准 (37)5.2.2中断校准 (37)5.2.3自定义活动眼 (38)5.2.4改进校准点 (39)5.2.5移除校准点 (40)5.2.6自定义校准 (40)5.2.7自定义校准区域 (41)5.3互动 (42)5.4用户配置文件 (43)5.4.1创建新的配置文件 (43)5.4.2选择当前的用户配置文件 (44)5.4.3删除配置文件 (44)5.5Windows Control (44)5.5.1自动启动 (44)5.5.2Windows Control类型 (44)5.5.2.1Gaze Selection (45)5.5.2.2Mouse Emulation (46)5.5.2.2.1鼠标控制速度 (46)5.5.2.2.2放大镜大小和缩放 (46)5.5.2.2.3自动从“鼠标右键单击”切换为“鼠标左键单击” (46)5.5.2.2.4关闭滚动功能 (46)5.5.2.2.5自定义光标 (46)5.5.2.2.6隐藏菜单 (47)5.6系统设置 (47)5.6.1系统屏幕外沿菜单 (47)5.6.2定位指南 (48)5.7系统信息 (49)5.7.1升级眼动仪固件 (49)6Gaze Selection设置 (50)6.1常规设置选项卡 (50)6.2键盘设置选项卡 (51)6.3任务栏设置选项卡 (52)6.3.1左键单击/轻敲最大化 (52)7产品保养 (53)7.1温度和湿度 (53)7.1.1一般用途 (53)7.1.2运输和储存 (53)7.2清洁 (53)7.3运送Tobii PCEye Go (53)7.4处置Tobii PCEye Go (53)附录A支持和保修 (54)附录B合规信息 (55)附录C第三方配件 (57)附录D技术规格 (58)1简介感谢您选购Tobii Technology公司的Tobii PCEye Go设备！为确保获得此产品的最佳性能，请仔细阅读本手册。
LTE-M Expansion Kit用户指南说明书
UG310: LTE-M Expansion Kit User's GuideThe LTE-M Expansion Kit is an excellent way to explore and evaluate the Digi XBee3™ LTE-M cellular module which allows you to add low-power long range wireless connectivity to your EFM32/EFR32 embedded application.The Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module is an easy-to-use cellular module. The LTE-M Expansion Kit easily integrates and brings LTE-M connectivity to compatible Silicon Labs Wireless and MCU Starter Kits through the expansion header.To get started with the LTE-M Expansion Kit go to /start-efm32-xbee .LTE-M EXP BOARD FEATURES•EXP connector for interfacing Silicon Labs MCU and Wireless Starter Kits •2x10-pin socket supporting Digi XBee™and Digi XBee Pro™ through-hole modules•Digi XBee module can be powered by (W)STK supply rail or on-board DC-DC regulator•U-blox CAM-M8Q GNSS receiver supporting GPS and GLONASSSOFTWARE SUPPORT•Software examples for the EFM32GG11Starter Kit are available in Simplicity Studio™No tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n sTable of Contents1. Introduction................................32. Hardware Overview .. (4)2.1 Hardware Layout . (4)3. Connectors (5)3.1 EXP Header...............................53.1.1 Pass-through EXP Header ........................63.1.2 EXP Header Pinout ...........................63.2 Digi XBee Module Socket ..........................73.2.1 Digi XBee Module Socket Pinout ......................83.2.2 Power Supply ....... (9)4. Using the LTE-M Expansion Kit (10)4.1 Board Identification............................104.2 Digi XBee3 LTE-M Module ..........................104.3 On-Board GNSS Receiver .................. (11)5. Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOM (13)6. Kit Revision History (14)6.1 SLEXP8021A Revision History ..................... (14)7. Document Revision History (15)No tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n s1. IntroductionThis user guide covers the usage of the Silicon Labs LTE-M EXP Board together with the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module. The LTE-M EXP Board is designed to be compatible with all Digi XBee through-hole modules offering a wide array of wireless connectivity op-tions, such as Zigbee, Wi-Fi, 3G and LTE cellular to name a few.Software examples demonstrating how to use the LTE-M Expansion Kit with the EFM32GG11 Starter Kit are available through Simplici-ty Studio™.For more information about the Digi XBee modules see https:///xbee .IntroductionNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n s2. Hardware Overview2.1 Hardware LayoutThe layout of the LTE-M Expansion Kit is shown in the figure below.EXP-header for Starter KitsPower source select switchPass-through EXP-headerNot mountedDigi XBee Module ResetDigi XBee Module SocketDigi XBee Module Breakout HeaderNot mountedDigi XBee Module Breakout HeaderFigure 2.1. LTE-M Expansion Kit Hardware LayoutHardware OverviewNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si n s3. ConnectorsThis chapter gives an overview of the LTE-M Expansion Kit connectivity and power connections.EXP HeaderEXP Header (Not Mounted)(Not Mounted)(Not Mounted)Figure 3.1. LTE-M Expansion Kit Connector Layout3.1 EXP HeaderOn the left side of the LTE-M Expansion Kit, a right-angle female 20-pin EXP header is provided to allow connection to one of Silicon Labs’ MCU or Wireless Starter Kits. The EXP header on the Starter Kits follows a standard which ensures that commonly used periph-erals such as an SPI, a UART, and an I2C bus, are available on fixed locations on the connector. Additionally, the VMCU, 3V3 and 5V power rails are also available on the EXP header. For detailed information regarding the pinout to the EXP header on a specific Starter Kit, consult the accompanying kit user’s guide.The figure below shows how the Digi XBee module socket and the on-board GNSS receiver are connected to the EXP header and the peripheral functions that are available.VMCUXBEE_DINXBEE_DOUT XBEE_DIO4XBEE_RTS GNSS_RXD GNSS_TXD XBEE_PWM15V3V3GNDGNSS_TIMEPULSE XBEE_DTRGNSS_POWER_EN GNSS_VBCKP_EN XBEE_CTSXBEE_RSSI XBEE_ADC1BOARD_ID_SDA BOARD_ID_SCL Reserved (Board Identification)LTE-M EXP Board I/O PinFigure 3.2. EXP HeaderNo tR e co mme nd edf or De si g n s3.1.1 Pass-through EXP HeaderThe LTE-M Expansion Kit features a footprint for a secondary EXP header. All signals from the EXP header, including those that are not connected to any features on the LTE-M Expansion Kit are directly tied to the corresponding pins in the footprint, allowing daisy-chaining of additional EXP boards if a connector is soldered in.Pin 1 of the secondary EXP header is marked with a 1 in the silkscreen printing.3.1.2 EXP Header PinoutThe table below shows the pin assignments of the EXP header.Table 3.1. EXP Header PinoutNo tg n s3.2 Digi XBee Module SocketThe LTE-M Expansion Kit features two 1x10-pin 2mm pitch connectors for inserting a through-hole Digi XBee wireless module. There are also two unpopulated footprint for 1x10-pin 2.54mm (0.1") pitch pin headers which breaks out the signals of the Digi XBee module socket, an ASSOC status LED which indicates the wireless connection status of the Digi XBee module, and a reset button connected to the Digi XBee module's reset signal input.The pinout of the socket is illustrated in the figure below. The pinout of the unpopulated breakout headers are identical to the adjacent Digi XBee module socket connector.B E E _D I N X B E E _C T S B E E _D O U T X BE E _R T S N D B E E _V C CB E E _D I O 12X B E E _A DC 1X BE E _D I O 4B E E _P W M 1B E E _D T R B E E _R E S E T n B E E _R S S I X B E E _A D C 0X B E E _A D C 2X B E E _A D C 3X B E E _A S S O C X B E E _V R EF B E E _B KG O X B E E _O N Figure 3.3. Digi XBee Module SocketNo tR e co mme nd edf or e wDe si g n s3.2.1 Digi XBee Module Socket PinoutThe pin assignment of the Digi XBee module socket is given in the table below.Table 3.2. Digi XBee Module Socket Pin DescriptionsNo tR e co3.2.2 Power SupplyWhen connected to a Silicon Labs MCU or Wireless STK, the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module can either be powered by the VMCU rail present on the EXP header, or through a DC-DC regulator onboard the LTE-M Expansion Kit. If connected to the VMCU rail of the starter kit, the current consumption of the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module will be included in the starter kit's on-board Advanced Energy Monitor (AEM). The DC-DC regulator draws power from the 5V net, and hence, the power consumption of the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module will not be included in any AEM measurements performed by the MCU STK.A mechanical power switch on the LTE-M Expansion Kit is used to select between Low Power (AEM) mode and High Power (DC-DC)mode. When the switch is set to Low Power (AEM) mode, the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module is connected to the VMCU net on the EXP header. For most MCU Starter Kits, the regulator supplying the VMCU net is capable of sourcing up to 300 mA, bearing in mind that the MCU is also powered from this net. The EFM32GG11 starter kit and the Wireless Starter Kit main board are able to source up to 800 mA on the VMCU net (provided that the kit's power source is able to supply this much current). When the switch is set to High Power (DC-DC) mode, the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module is connected to the output of the DC-DC converter, which is able to source up to 2 A (again, limited by the capability of the source powering the starter kit). For applications requiring higher power than what is available from the VMCU net, the power switch should be set to High Power (DC-DC) mode.The on-board GNSS receiver is powered from the same rail as the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module through an analog switch that can be controlled by a GPIO pin on the EXP header.The power topology is illustrated in the figure below.Figure 3.4. LTE-M Expansion Kit Power TopologyNo tR e co mDe si g n s4. Using the LTE-M Expansion KitThe Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module is a wireless module providing cellular connectivity using the low-power LTE-M technology.4.1 Board IdentificationThe LTE-M EXP Board and the starter kit it is connected to are automatically identified by Simplicity Studio when connected to the computer to present the correct documentation and software examples. Note however that Simplicity studio is not able to identify which Digi XBee module is inserted into the LTE-M EXP Board's Digi XBee module socket.4.2 Digi XBee3 LTE-M ModuleThe Digi XBee3 LTE-M module requires an external antenna to enable wireless connectivity. Connect the included patch antenna to the module's u.FL connector labeled 'CELL' and insert the module into the socket as shown in the figure below, before connecting the board to a Silicon Labs MCU or Wireless starter kit.The kit also includes a SIM card, which needs to be activated before being inserted into the SIM slot of the Digi XBee3 LTE-M module.Refer to the LTE-M Expansion Kit Quick Start Guide for information on how to activate the SIM card.Figure 4.1. LTE-M Expansion Kit assembled for useUsing the LTE-M Expansion KitNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n s4.3 On-Board GNSS ReceiverThe LTE-M Expansion Kit is equipped with a U-Blox Cam-M8Q Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver module that allows the user to retrieve position and time information and use it in their embedded application.The U-Blox Cam-M8Q can receive signals from both the GPS and GLONASS GNSS constellations, which provides good worldwide coverage. A reasonably clear view of the sky is required to obtain signal reception, meaning the GNSS receiver will work best outdoors.Indoor operation with reduced position accuracy is possible if the receiver has a reasonably clear view of the sky through a glass win-dow, though the reliability will be unpredictable.The GNSS receiver will output the current time and position (given that a satellite fix has been aquired) as well as satellite fix status over a UART interface using either the NMEA-0183 (default) or proprietary UBX protocol. Configuration commands can be input to the receiver using the same protocols. In addition, the receiver supports input of Differential GPS (DGPS) correction data using the RTCM 10402.3 protocol.For more information about the GNSS receiver refer to the following documents:•U-Blox Cam-M8Q Datasheet•U-Blox M8 Receiver Description Including Protocol SpecificationThe figure below shows how the GNSS receiver is connected to the rest of the board. The table below describes the signals:Figure 4.2. On-Board GNSS Receiver Connection DiagramTable 4.1. GNSS Receiver Signal DescriptionsNo td ed De si g n sThe GNSS receiver can be enabled, disabled or kept in sleep mode with RAM powered and RTC running depending on the state of the GNSS_PWR_ENABLE and GNSS_VBCKP pins according to the table below:Table 4.2. GNSS Receiver Power ModesNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e w5. Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOMSchematics, assembly drawings, and bill of materials (BOM) are available through Simplicity Studio when the kit documentation pack-age has been installed. They are also available from the Silicon Labs website and kit page.Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOMNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n s6. Kit Revision HistoryThe kit revision can be found printed on the kit packaging label, as outlined in the figure below.SLEXP8021A LTE-M Expansion Kit12480204218-10-15A00Figure 6.1. Kit Label6.1 SLEXP8021A Revision HistoryKit Revision HistoryNo tR e co mme nd edf or De si g n s7. Document Revision HistoryRevision 1.0October, 2018•Initial document revision.Document Revision HistoryNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n sSilicon Laboratories Inc.400 West Cesar Chavez Austin, TX 78701USASimplicity StudioOne-click access to MCU and wireless tools, documentation, software, source code libraries & more. Available for Windows, Mac and Linux!IoT Portfolio /IoTSW/HW/simplicityQuality/qualitySupport and CommunityDisclaimerSilicon Labs intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Labs products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "Typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Labs reserves the right to make changes without further notice and limitation to product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Silicon Labs shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied herein. This document does not imply or express copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products are not designed or authorized to be used within any Life Support System without the specific written consent of Silicon Labs. A "Life Support System" is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Silicon Labs products are not designed or authorized for military applications. Silicon Labs products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons.Trademark InformationSilicon Laboratories Inc.® , Silicon Laboratories®, Silicon Labs®, SiLabs® and the Silicon Labs logo®, Bluegiga®, Bluegiga Logo®, Clockbuilder®, CMEMS®, DSPLL®, EFM®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember®, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, "the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers", Ember®, EZLink®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, Gecko®, ISOmodem®, Micrium, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, Simplicity Studio®, SiPHY®, Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo®, USBXpress®, Zentri and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders.No tR e co md edf or N e wDe si g n s。
Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain 用户指南说明书
CONTENTSIntroduction (3)About the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain Plugin (3)Quick Start (5)Components (6)The WaveSystem Toolbar (6)Interface (7)Modules and Controls (8)Controls Available in All Modules (8)TG12411 Input Module (10)TG12412 Tone Module (13)TG12413 Limiter Module (15)TG12414 Filter Module (19)TG12416 Output Module (21)Abbey Road TG Meter Bridge (23)INTRODUCTIONThank you for choosing Waves! In order to get the most out of your new Waves plugin, please take a moment to read this user guide.To install software and manage your licenses, you need to have a free Waves account. Sign up at . With a Waves account you can keep track of your products, renew your Waves Update Plan, participate in bonus programs, and keep up to date with important information.We suggest that you become familiar with the Waves Support pages: /support. There are technical articles about installation, troubleshooting, specifications, and more. Plus, you’ll find company contact information and Waves Support news.About the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain PluginAbbey Road TG Mastering Chain is a modular plugin for mastering and mixing, modeled after the original EMITG12410 Transfer Console used in all Abbey Road Studios’ mastering suites from the early ‘70s to this day.The plugin can be used for both mastering and mixing – on the master bus, on groups or on individual tracks – to lend them the distinct sound of the original console, as heard on albums from Pink Floyd’s Dark Side of the Moon to Radiohead’s OK Computer and beyond.Like the original EMI TG12410 console, the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin consists of the following modules: 1.TG12411 Input Module – handles all input tasks (phase, L/R balance, etc.)2.TG12412 Tone Module – a musical, versatile 4-band EQ with 5 filter types per band3.T G12413 Limiter Module – includes three compressor/limiter types:OriginalAggressive and ‘dirty’, precision-modeled after the unit’s original Zener diode limiter ModernPristine-sounding, with higher levels of perceived loudness; an original Waves andAbbey Road designL imitBased on the limiter mode of the console’s original Zener diode. The knee is muchharder compared to the “Original” compressor [“Original”]4.TG12414 Filter Module – includes low-pass & high-pass filters and a presence bell5.TG12416 Output Module – complete with a spreader (stereo spread enhancer)The individual modules can be re-ordered (except for the Input and Output modules which remain at the start and end of the chain) and switched on/off, letting you create differently ordered chains and a modular, customizable processing flow.The Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin also comes with the Abbey Road TG Meter Bridge component (a separate plugin), which is based on the original set of PPM, VU and phase correlation meters used by Abbey Road’sengineers in conjunction with the EMI TG12410 Transfer Console.QUICK STARTThis quick start guide suggests the basics of how to use the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin when masteringa track. To learn more about controlling the plugin and how to fine-tune its sound, in mixing as well as mastering sessions, read the “Interface and Controls” section later in this user guide.1.Insert the plugin on the master channel. (If you are using the plugin to mix rather than master, you can of courseinsert it on any individual channel or group.)e the TG12411 Input module to adjust input gain or to handle phase and balance issues (for more on how to dothis, see the TG12411 Input Module section later in this user guide). You may also want to use the module’s Tape Equalizer control for its unique sonic color.3.Open the TG Meter Bridge on any channel.4.Set the Meter bridge to read the instance you are working on.5.Adjust the input level to get a good 0VU input reading on the meter bridge. This will assure enough headroom.6.Experiment with the TG12412 Tone module to get a good frequency balance.7.When mastering a track to meet modern mastering requirements, we recommend you use the Modern mode ofthe TG12413 Limiter module, which is best suited for today’s mastering requirements.8.In the TG12413 Limiter module, experiment with the Recovery control to get the best time-constant results forthe song you are working on. 3, 4 and 5 are the ones we’ve found most suitable for mastering: 3 for more upbeat songs, 5 for slower ones.9.The key to getting a good compression sound is playing with the TG12413 Limiter module’s Ratio and Mix controls,in order to achieve the best compression balance. Try somewhere around Ratio = 30–40 and Mix = 40–50.10.In the Limiter’s expanded view, turn on the high-pass filter and find a good-sounding point anywhere between 120–200 Hz. This will make the compression better correlated to the music (as sub frequencies will tend to suffocate thecompression).e the TG12414 Filter module to clean unwanted frequency ranges and add some presence if needed.12.A/B between the unprocessed and processed signal, using the bypass control. Make sure you adjust the overalllevel of processed signal to match the unprocessed level, so the A/B comparison does not introduce gain changes which might easily throw you off.COMPONENTSThe Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin has four components:>Mono>Stereo>Live Mono>Live StereoThe Live components are optimized fo r live use, where extremely low latency and minimal CPU usage are required. The non-Live components have up-sampling at lower sample rates; the Live components remove the up-sampling in order to reduce latency. The non-Live components use very sharp linear phase FIR sidechain filters that introduce latency; the Live components use non-linear phase IIR sidechain filters to minimize both latency and CPU usage.WAVESYSTEM TOOLBARUse the bar at the top of the plugin to save and load presets, compare settings, undo and redo steps, and resize theplugin. To learn more, click the icon at the upper-right corner of the window and open the WaveSystem Guide.INTERFACEand Filter modules by dragging each to the desired location within the chain.MODULES AND CONTROLSControls Available in All ModulesThe following controls appear at the top of each module (except Output):On/OffEach of the plugin’s modules can be turned on or off by pressing this button. While off, the module does not consume any CPU power. All modules are first turned off by default. To turn each on, click on the individual module’s on/off control. (Please note that in the plugin’s Live components, turning a module off will not change CPU consumption.)Expand/CollapseExpands/collapses the module.ST/DUO/MS (Stereo component only)In the plugin’s stereo component, within each module, you can choose between three modes of processing a stereo signal: Stereo (ST), Duo, and Mid-Sides (MS).Regardless of a module’s stereo mode – ST, DUO, or MS – its output is always stereo. If needed, it will be converted into MS at the input of the next module in the chain. This allows re-ordering of the modules on the fly with no impact on thestereo processing.The collapsed view of each module shows just one control per function (e.g., frequency, gain), regardless of whether the signal is mono or stereo.The expanded view of each stereo module shows each control twice. In Stereo and Duo modes, the left and right control sections are labeled L and R. In MS mode, the labels will change to M and S, for mid and side.LinkIn the collapsed view, the left and right (or mid and side) channels are always linked: that is, both channels are controlled together, and by default, with the same values.The expanded view of each module includes a square Link button at the top. When Link is on, the controls for both sides remain linked. Switches (such as EQ type, filter on/off, SC on/off) remain linked as well: clicking a left or right switch will set both controls to the same value.To decouple the left and right (or mid and side) controls, simply turn the Link button off. This will allow you to adjust each side separately. Once L and R are re-linked, any offset between them will be maintained.Expanded Module NavigationOnce a module is expanded, you can navigate directly to the expanded view of any other module in the plugin by clicking on any of the module navigation buttons at the top.Track NameEach instance of the plugin will show the track name it is instantiated on. You can use this information to move between different meter readings on the TG Meter Bridge.Please note that some DAWs do not support track naming. When working with such DAWs, you can fill in the TrackName manually.TG12411 Input ModuleCollapsed View Expanded View (Stereo)InputControls the input level to the plugin.Range: -24 to +24 dB in 0.1-dB increments.Tape EqualizerApplies a filter to flatten out the frequency spectrum.Originally, in the hardware domain, this was done when playing back the track from NAB or IEC tape machines at either 7.5 or 15 ips, in order to provide the equalization required for playing NAB-equalized tape on an IEC machine and vice versa.In your digital mixes, you will not need to use this control for that historic purpose. We have decided to keep this control, however, due to its great sonic character, and you may find that it gives your tracks interesting sonic characteristics. Options:NAB-to-IEC: 7.5 ips and 15 ipsIEC-to-NAB: 15 ips and 7.5 ipsDefault: FlatPoleFlips the input phase by 180 degrees.The Stereo component includes Pole L and Pole R. Clicking on Pole L will only flip the phase for the Left channel. To flip the overall phase for both channels, you will have to expand the Input module and click on Pole R as well.Default: OffTransposeTransposes the Left and Right channels.Default: OffBalance (BAL)Changes the level relations between Left and Right channels. Moving towards the right side will increase the level on the right and decrease the level on the left, and vice versa.Range: -5 to +5 dB in 0.05-dB increments.Default: 0PhaseShifts the phase of one channel relative to the other by 90 degrees. This is good for stereo tracks that have phase correlation problems between Left and Right.Options: Stereo, L+90, R+90Default: StereoTG12412 Tone ModuleCollapsed View Expanded View (Stereo)The Tone module is a highly musical and versatile 4-band EQ. Each band has 5 fixed cutoff points and 5 filter shapes. FrequencyDetermines the cutoff point for each band:32, 45, 64, 91, 128 HzBand 1Band 2181, 256, 362, 512, 724 HzBand 31.02, 1.45,2.05, 2.6,3.25 kHzBand 44.1,5.8, 8.1, 11, 16 kHzGainDetermines the level for each band.Range: -10 to +10 dB in 0.05-dB increments.ShapeDetermines the filter type for each band:Low A low-shelf filterBL Blunt – a very wide bell filterMED Medium Blunt – a moderately wide bell filterSH Sharp – a very narrow bell filterHigh A high-shelf filterBand On/OffEach band has a dedicated on/off switch, so you can easily monitor the processing of each band.Band Monitoring (expanded view only)Clicking this button will allow you to solo the band and hear its filtering separately.TG12413 Limiter ModuleCollapsed View Expanded View (Stereo)The Limiter module lets you choose between the module’s original Zener compressor and limiter, and a modern compressor designed to meet modern mastering requirements. It is coupled with linear phase filters for super-clean filtering, and phase-coherent sidechain filters.TypeToggles between 3 modes of dynamic processing:Original The TG12413’s original Zener diode compressor.Modern VCA-based compressor, newly designed with low-level compression inmind in order to meet modern-day mastering requirements.Limit This is the limiter mode of the Zener diode. The knee is much hardercompared to the compressor [“Original”]. Please note that this is not abrick-wall limiter: transients are expected to pass.Please note: The Type selector is the only control in this module that cannot be set differently on the L and R stereo channels: for example, if the Type control is set to Modern on the L channel, it will be set to Modern on the R channel as well.RecoverySelects between six recovery times, depending on the Type you use (Original or Modern). These recovery times are very hard to put in terms of exact milliseconds. Think of them in the following terms: the higher the recovery state, the longer the attack/release time. You will need to experiment in order to hear the exact difference.Range: 1-6Default: 3Make UpUse this control to manually adjust the makeup gain of the compressed signal. The plugin does apply automatic makeup gain to the compressed signal, and for most input signals it will do a good job; but sometimes you need a minor tweakto make it perfect.Please note that the makeup gain is applied on the compressed signal only, not on the direct signal. This is importantto know when the Mix control (see below) is set to anything other than 100, meaning that your signal blends both the compressed and the direct signal.Range: -12 to +12 dBDefault: 0 dBRatioSets a ratio to the VCA input/output curve. For example, if for a certain point on the VCA curve an input of -12 dBFS will result in an output of -24 dBFS at 100 ratio, then at 50 ratio the same input of -12 dBFS will result in -18 dBFS. Range: 1–100Default: 50Sidechain Filters (SC Filters)As an original addition to the Waves Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin, we have added three linear phase filters to the dynamics sidechain of the compressor/limiter module. Linear phase filters are important to keep the phase aligned in the sidechain, so that the plugin’s attack/release will work well on phase-aligned signals.(Please note that the linear phase FIR sidechain filters are used only in the plugin’s ‘regular’ Mono and Stereo components, not in the two Live components that are optimized for live use. In the Live components, the linear phase FIR filters are replaced with non-linear phase IIR filters.)The module’s collapsed view includes a red global On/Off switch for all the sidechain filters.The sidechain filters are all off by default. Engage each by clicking the square button next to its name. Once you engage one of the sidechain filters, it will become available for you on both the collapsed and the expanded views. Clicking the global On/Off control will turn all sidechain filters off: this will help you easily monitor the addition of the sidechain filtersto the compression sound.The following sidechain filters are available in the module’s expanded view:High Pass25 Hz–1Khz; 48 dB per octaveBell100 Hz–12 kHz; -40 to +40 dB in 0.1-dB incrementsLow Pass 1 kHz–22 kHz; 48 dB per octaveC licking this button (in the expanded view) will enable you to separately monitor the sidechain, including thePlease note: In the TG12413 Limiter module, the ST/DUO/MS selection determines how the sidechain is processed: StereoLeft and right channels are summed in the sidechain. The sidechain values are the same forleft and right, so dynamic processing will apply equally to both channels.DuoLeft and right channels of the sidechain are processed separately, so dynamic processing maynot be the same for the left and right channels.MSMid and side channels of the sidechain are processed separately, so dynamic processing maynot be the same for the mid and side channels.*MixDetermines the balance between the uncompressed and the compressed signal.GRGain reduction meter.* Please note: Pro Tools allows only a mono sidechain.TG12414 Filter ModuleCollapsed View Expanded View (Stereo)The Filter module is a simple, highly musical 3-band filter with high-pass, low-pass and presence controls.High PassChoose from 4 selected HP frequencies: 40 Hz, 63 Hz, 80 Hz, 110 Hz‘Low’ functions as off.PresenceChoose from 8 fixed cutoff points of a Med Blunt bell: 0.5 khz, 0.8 kHz, 1.2 kHz, 1.8 kHz, 2.8 kHz, 4.2 kHz, 6.5 kHz, 10 kHz dB range: -10 to +10 dB in 0.1-dB increments.Low PassChoose from 5 fixed cutoff points: 20 kHz, 15 kHz, 12 kHz, 10 kHz, 8 kHz‘High’ functions as off.Spreaderthe original EMI TG12416 unit. It applies a Sum and Diff matrix to the signal and manipulates the gain relations between them to provide the stereo image wider or narrower.Range: -5 to +5 dB in 0.1-dB increments.Default: 0MonitoringThis section allows you to easily monitor the output signal in the following ways: L Monitor the Left channel only, keeping the signal on the left side of the speakersStereo The default monitoring option: regular stereo outputR Monitor the Right channel only, keeping the signal on the right side of the speakersM (Mid)Monitor the signal summed to Mid (L+R/2)Mono Monitor the signal summed to monoS (Sides)Monitor the sides, that is, the difference between L and R (L-R/2).Controls the plugin’s overall output level. Range: -24 dB to +12 dB in 0.1-dB increments. Output Fader LinkLinks Left and Right faders in a relative link.Output MeterShows a peak reading of the output level.ABBEY ROAD TG METER BRIDGEThe mastering engineers at Abbey Road Studios rely on a set of three meters when working with the EMI TG12410 Transfer Console:>PPM meter (Genesis Systems DPM 101) for metering peak levels>VU meter for metering averaged signal levels>Phase correlation meterYour copy of the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin comes with a bonus component – a separate plugin, really – which includes all three meters in one. This is the Abbey Road Meter Bridge. Using this plugin, you can easily open all three meters at once, just like Abbey Road’s engineers.We have added three metering options to the Abbey Road TG Meter Bridge:IN InputGR Gain ReductionOUT OutputConnecting the Meter Bridge with the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain PluginOne instance of the Abbey Road TG Meter Bridge can communicate with all instances of the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin, inserted on any track in the same session.If you open the Meter Bridge on a particular track, it will monitor that track by default.To meter a different track in the same session, simply select its name in the “Track Name” window of the Meter Bridge interface; you are now connected to the instance of the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin that is open on thatother track, and can meter its input, gain reduction and output.。
管理 Cisco Umbrella 操作指南说明书
1.Cisco Umbrella – Security Solution∙Secure Internet Gateway∙Ransomware Protection∙DNS and IP layer enforcement∙Intelligent Proxy∙Command and control callback blocking∙Threat Intelligence∙Umbrella Packages2. Implementing Cisco Umbrella∙Cisco Umbrella Overview∙Protect Your Network∙Point Your DNS to Cisco Umbrella∙Custom Policies∙Intelligent Proxy∙Umbrella Policy Tester∙Policy Precedence3. Roaming Client∙Umbrella Roaming Client – Introduction∙Prerequisites∙Downloading and Installing∙Verifying Operation∙Policy Configuration∙Adding IP Layer Enforcement∙Status, States, and Functionality∙Virtual Appliances∙Troubleshooting∙Internal Domains4. Umbrella Roaming Security∙AnyConnect: Cisco Umbrella Roaming Security Client Administrator Guide ∙Cisco Umbrella Dashboard Configuration∙Cisco Certificate Import5. Virtual Appliance Setup Guide∙Deployment Guidelines∙Deploy the VAs∙Setup via VMWare∙Setup via Hyper-V∙Configuring Your VAs∙Local DNS Forwarding∙Reroute DNS∙Sites and Internal Networks∙Sizing6. Active Directory∙Active Directory Setup∙Set Up DNS Forwarding with Your VAs∙Active Directory Environment∙Route DNS Traffic∙Communication Flow and Troubleshooting ∙Multiple Active Directory and Umbrella Sites7. Reporting∙Reporting Basics∙Understanding Security Categories∙Scheduled Reports: Overview and Setup∙Security Overview Report∙Activity Search Report∙Security Activity Report∙Destinations Report∙Identities Report∙Cloud Services Report∙Admin Audit Log Report8. Umbrella Multi-Organization∙Cisco Umbrella Multi-Org Overview∙Centralized Settings∙Centralized Reports: Service Status∙Centralized Reports: Cloud Services。
XBee模块开始指南说明书
1Getting Started GuideThis guide provides instructions for setting up wireless links and testing the XBee module’s ability to transport data over varying ranges and conditions. It covers these tasks:Connect the hardwareInstall the software and drivers Perform a range testSet up a point-to-multipoint network Explore advanced configurationsCreate a long-range wireless link in minutes!Connect the hardware as shown in the following image:XBee ® & XBee-PRO ®802.15.4 Development KitConnect the HardwareInstall the Software and DriversInstall X-CTU SoftwareX-CTU is a stand-alone tool for configuring XBee modules. It can also be used to run a rangetest.To install X-CTU:1. Download X-CTU at /xctu.2. Browse to the folder to which you saved the above install file.3. Double-click on the installer file and follow the X-CTU Setup Wizard.4. When asked if you would like to check Digi's web site for firmware updates, click Yes.5. After the firmware updates are complete, click Close. Updates may take a few minutes; pleasebe patient.6. Start X-CTU by double-clicking on the X-CTU icon on your desktop, or by selecting Start >Programs > Digi > X-CTU.Install USB DriversThe XBee USB interface board is a "plug‐and‐play" device that should be detected by the PCautomatically. If you are using Windows 7 or Vista, the USB drivers should automatically install and a notification will appear in the lower right portion of your screen indicating success orfailure. If the USB drivers fail to install, please follow the USB driver installation instructionsfound here: /support/kbase/kbaseresultdetl.jsp?id=3214.If you are using Windows 2000 or XP, download and install the driver as per the followingdirections.To install the USB driver:1. Download the driver setup file at:/support/driver/FTDI_Windows_Driver_Setup.exe.2. Double‐click on the setup file. A window will pop up during installation and automaticallyclose when the process is complete. The USB interface board may now be connected to thecomputer.2Perform Range TestRun Range Testunch the X-CTU Software: Start > Programs > Digi > X-CTU2.Under the PC Settings tab, select the PC serial COM port that will be used. The USB portswill be labeled as Digi PKG-U Serial Port Adapters and are assigned a number based on yourPC's settings.3.Verify that the baud rate and data settings match the internal settings of the radios. Thedefault settings for the radios are Baud Rate: 9600, Flow Control: HARDWARE, Data Bits:8, Parity: NONE, and Stop Bits: 1.344. Select the Range Test tab.5. (Optional) Check the RSSI checkbox to enable the Received Signal Strength Indicator. The RSSI value indicates the signal strength of the last packet that the radio received.6. Click Start to begin the range test.7. Monitor the link quality by reading the Percent section on the Range Test tab. This section displays the running percentage of good packets sent to the receiving radio and looped back to the base.8. Click Stop to end the range test.Set up a Point-to-Multipoint NetworkRF Module ConfigurationThis section requires changing some of the radio’s internal settings. One simple method forconfiguration is as follows. In the X-CTU Modem Configuration tab, click Read . Select any of the module parameters you wish to change (e.g. Address, Encryption, etc.) and type in or select the desired value. Then click Write to save the changes to non-volatile memory.This is one of several configuration methods. Refer to the product manual for more information. To restore the module back to defaults, click Restore .Point-to-Multipoint AddressingPoint-to-multipoint topologies require one base module to be configured to operate in Broadcastmode (DL= 0xFFFF). This allows the module to broadcast messages to all devices in thenetwork.Remote modules can operate either in Broadcast or Unicast mode. Unicast mode is used whenyou want to send a message directly from one module to another. To do so, you set theDestination Address High (DH) of the sender to zero and the Destination Address Low (DL) ofthe sender to match the 16-bit Source Address (MY) of the recipient. The figure below depicts atypical point-to-multipoint network that contains one base and four remotes and their associated settings.Figure 4. Point-to-Multipoint Settings5Explore Advanced ConfigurationsConfigure Remote ModulesThe XBees can also be configured "over-the-air" using X-CTU. In order to use this feature, your base device must be configured for API mode.To send “over-the-air” commands:1.Go to the Modem Configuration tab and click the Remote Configuration option at the topof the window.2.Click Open Com Port and Discover from the menu bar at the top of the Network window.A list of all of the nodes in the network will populate the screen.3.Select a particular node from the list. You can interact with it as if it was connected to the PCdirectly.4.Click Read, Write, or Restore parameters on the main X-CTU window and those changeswill occur over the air on the remote module selected in the Network window.5.Close the Network window when you have finished with remote configuration.6Change Firmware VersionThese modules can also be set up for mesh communications. In some cases, a mesh solution maybe a better option. DigiMesh TM is better for networks needing routing capabilities. Also,DigiMesh provides the option for all the radios in the network to sleep synchronously. If youwant to try mesh mode, you can simply load different firmware on your XBees.These steps can also be used to update to the latest version of point-to-multipoint firmware.X-CTU is used to load different firmware on a locally connected radio.unch X-CTU and select the corresponding COM Port.2.Set the PC settings back to default. (Baud Rate: 9600, Flow Control: HARDWARE, DataBits: 8, Parity: NONE, Stop: Bits 1)3.Click on the Modem Configuration tab.4.Select the modem type. Choose XB24-DM or XBP24-DM to convert an XBee or XBee-PRO 802.15.4 module into a DigiMesh XBee or XBee-PRO 2.4 module. Leave the modemtype as XB24 or XBP24 to just update the point to multipoint firmware.5.Choose the Function Set and firmware Version desired.6.Click the Show Defaults button. This helps to avoid out of range errors since someparameters have different limits based on the firmware type.7.Check the Always update firmware box.8.Click Write.78End-to-End ConnectivityThese XBee modules are part of a family of cohesive devices. Digi’s Drop -in Networking solutions are designed to provide end-to-end wireless connectivity to distributed electronic devices so those devices can be accessed and managed from anywhere. Specifically Digi offers RF-to-Internet gateways that allow remote monitoring and control of an RF network. For more information about Digi gateways, see /products/wireless-routers-gateways .On a larger scale, multiple gateways controlling separate RF networks can be managed through our iDigi cloud services. The image above shows a secure connection to your devices through an iDigi account. Learn more about managing your remote devices at .Contact Digi InternationalFigure 7. Point-to-Multipoint。
XBee-PRO 900 嵌入式 RF 模块说明说明书
XBee-PRO 900embedded RF modules combine fast point-to-multipoint networking with the RF range advantages of 900MHz technology.Built upon a 156Kbps RF platform,these modules are ideal for applications requiring low latency and increased data throughput.With RF line-of-sight (LOS)distances of up to six miles with a high gain antenna,XBee-PRO 900embedded RF modules are also ideal in applications where devices are distributed over great distances.XBee ProtocolsXBee embedded RF modules are available with different protocols to suit a variety ofapplications and networking topologies.Supported protocols include IEEE 802.15.4,the ZigBee PRO Feature Set,proprietary long range,and DigiMesh™.XBee modules share a common hardware footprint and are modeled after a common software API.Once deployed into an application,OEMs can rapidly change from one protocol to another with minimal time and development risk.Drop-in Networking CompatibilityXBee embedded RF modules are compatible with Digi’s Drop-in Networking adapters,network extenders and gateways that use the same protocol.This allows OEMs to embed XBee solutions into an application and have seamless communication to other devices using USB,RS-232,RS-485,digital I/O,analog I/O,Ethernet,Wi-Fi and cellular IP with plug-and-play ease.XBee-PRO900modules deliver 900MHz extended-range end-point connectivity using a fast point-to-multipoint protocol.Features/Benefits• 1.8miles/3km RF LOS range with 2.1dB dipole antenna •6miles/10km RF LOS range with high-gain antenna •Fast 156Kbps data rate to the end node •Supports sleep modes for increased battery life •Capable of deploying the DigiMesh protocol with a simple firmware change •Over-the-air configuration •Interoperable with Digi Drop-in Networking products utilizing XBee-PRO 900technology,including device adapters and gateways •Common XBee footprint for a variety of RF modules •Multiple antenna options •Industrial temperature rating (-40ºC to +85ºC)Point-to-Multipoint Embedded RF Modules for OEMs Product DatasheetOverviewXBee-PRO ®900Central Fitness ManagementEthernetConnectPort XGateway Wireless Telco NetworkInternet/Frame Relay/VPNFitness CenterCommunication SystemWorkout InfoEquipment Health InfoEntertainmentInfoXBee-PRO Module EntertainmentServicesMaintenance IndicatorTimerPulse GaugeOdometerVibrationPower ConsumptionPort wa yFitness EquipmentCom m CoC mu Sy Sys -P R O ulee91001475A2/708©2008Digi International Inc.All rights reserved.Digi,Digi International,the Digi logo,the When Reliability Matters logo,DigiMesh,XBee and XBee-PRO are trademarks or registered trademarks of Digi International Inc.in the United States and other countries worldwide.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Digi Internationa l11001Bren Road E.Minnetonka,MN 55343U.S.A.PH:877-912-3444952-912-3444FX:952-912-4952email:*************Digi Internationa l France31rue des Poissonniers 92200Neuilly sur Seine PH:+33-1-55-61-98-98FX:+33-1-55-61-98-99www.digi.frDigi Internationa l KKNES Building South 8F 22-14Sakuragaoka-cho,Shibuya-kuTokyo 150-0031,Japan PH:+81-3-5428-0261FX:+81-3-5428-0262www.digi-intl.co.jpDigi Internationa l (HK)LimitedUnit 3206–08A,32/F ,AIA Tower183Electric Road,North Point,Hong Kong PH:+852-2833-1008FX:+DIGI SERVICE AND SUPPORT -You can purchase with confidence knowing that Digi is here to support you with expert technical support and a one-year warranty./supportDigi International ,the leader in device networking for business,develops reliable products and technologies to connect and securely manage local or remote electronic devices over the network or via the web.With over 20million ports shipped worldwide since 1985,Digi offers the highest levels of performance,flexibility and quality.Please visit for part numbers.。
XBee-PRO SX RF Modem 用户指南说明书
XBee Radio Frequency(RF)Modems XBee-PRO SX RF ModemFeedbackTo provide feedback on this document,email your comments to*****************Include the document title and part number(XBee RF Modems User Guide,90001517C)in the subject line of your email.Hardware Front view(RS-232/RS-485variant)CAUTION!The RJ-45port is only for RS-232/RS-485connections.If you plug in any Powerover Ethernet(PoE)connection,it will damage the port.Hardware Front view(Analog/Digital I/O variant) Number FunctionRSSI LEDsRSSI LEDs indicate the amount of fade margin present in an active wireless link.Fade margin is the difference between the incoming signal strength and the modem's receiver sensitivity.3LEDs ON=Very Strong Signal(>30dB fade margin)2LEDs ON=Strong Signal(>20dB fade margin)1LED ON=Moderate Signal(>10dB fade margin)0LEDs ON=Weak Signal(<10dB fade margin)I/O and associate LEDsLEDs indicate RF modem activity as follows:Top LED(Yellow)=Serial Data OutMiddle LED(Green)=Serial Data InBottom LED(Red)=Associate Indicator(blinks when associated)USB Mini-B portThe USB Mini-B is to serve as a configuration port.Note that when the USB is plugged in,all RS-232 and RS-485communications on the RS-232/RS-485variant are disabled.DIP switchFor the RS-232/RS-485variant,these switches control the120Ωtermination for the receiving differential pairs in the RS-485mode.If the switch is in the up position,the RX termination is enabled. Switch1is for2-wire termination and Switch2is for4-wire termination.Do not enable these switches in RS-232mode.For the Analog/Digital I/O variant,these switches control pull-up outputs on pins5and6of the10-pin header.When the switch is in the up position,a10kΩpull-up to3.3V is enabled.If any other voltage besides3.3V is desired,an external pull-up is required.Do not enable these switches when digital inputs are desired.Reset and Commissioning buttonsThe top button is the Reset Button.The reset button resets,or re-boots the XBee RF Modem.The bottom button is the commissioning push button.It provides a variety of simple functions to aid in deploying devices in a network.See Commissioning Pushbutton behavior for information on how to use this.Antenna PortThe antenna port is a50ΩRF signal connector for connecting to an external antenna.The connector type is RPSMA(Reverse Polarity SMA)female.The connector has threads on the outside of a barrel and a male center conductor.Getting started with the XBee RF Modem Kit requirements Kit requirementsSystem requirementsThe software mentioned in this guide is compatible with the following operating systems:n Windows Vista or higher(32-bit or64-bit versions)n Mac OS X v10.6and higher versions(64-bit version only)n Linux with KDE or GNOME window managers(32-bit or64-bit versions)Additional requirementsThis guide assumes the use of at least two XBee RF Modems.It also assumes that you ordered twoaccessories kits along with the modems.Identify the kit contentsIf you ordered the accessories kit,it should include the following:Mini USB cablePower supplyRPSMA antennaDB9to RJ45adapterRJ45cableThis guide describes connecting and interacting with the USB and the RS-232ports on the XBee RFModem.If you want to connect to the RS-485protocol,see Interfacing protocols.Connect to the USB portIn order to properly connect the modem for this guide:Getting started with the XBee RF Modem Connect to the RS-232port1.Connect the antenna to the RPSMA connector on the XBee RF Modem.2.Plug the12V power supply into the power jack.3.Connect the mini USB cable from a PC to the USB port on the RF Modem.Connect to the RS-232portIn order to properly connect the modem for this guide:1.Connect the antenna to the RPSMA connector on the XBee RF Modem.2.Plug the12V power supply into the power jack.3.Connect the DB9to RJ45adapter to the serial port on your PC.4.Connect the RJ45cable from the adapter to the RJ45port on the RF Modem.Getting started with the XBee RF Modem Configure the device using XCTUConfigure the device using XCTUXBee Configuration and Test Utility(XCTU)is a multi-platform program that enables users to interact with Digi radio frequency(RF)devices through a graphical interface.The application includes built-in tools that make it easy to set up,configure,and test Digi RF devices.For full support of the XBee RF Modem,you must use XCTU version6.3.0or higher.For instructions on downloading and using XCTU,see the XCTU User Guide.Click Discover devices and follow the instructions.XCTU should discover the connected XBee RFModems using the provided settings.Click Add selected devices.The devices appear in the Radio Modules list.You can click a module to view and configure its individual settings.For more information on these items,see AT commands.Discover local XBee RF ModemsXCTU can discover radio modules that are connected directly to your computer.You can use thediscovery tool if you do not know the serial configuration of your XBee RF Modem,do not know the port it is connected to,or want to add multiple modules at once.1.Click the Discover radio modules button on the XCTU toolbar.The Discover radiomodules dialog box opens.4.Click Finish to initiate the discovery scan.A new dialog opens,displaying devices found and estimated time remaining.You can clickStop to halt the discovery process at any time.For example,you can stop the process if the modules you were looking for are already found.Getting started with the XBee RF Modem Configure a networkmode.list(Modembutton toGetting started with the XBee RF Modem Software libraries6.Select the DH(Destination Address High)of Modem1and type the SH of Modem2.7.Select the DL(Destination Address Low)of Modem1and type the SL of Modem2.8.Repeat steps6and7for Modem2.9.Click the Write button.This saves the settings to the modem.10.Select Serial console from the Tools drop-down menu on the main XCTU toolbar.Open aserial console for each modem.e the Console log section to type messages.Type Hello in one of the consoles.It shouldappear in the other console.This shows you have a basic network connected. Software librariesOne way to communicate with the XBee RF Modem is by using a software library.The librariesavailable for use with the XBee RF Modem include:n XBee Java libraryn XBee Python libraryThe XBee Java Library is a Java API.The package includes the XBee library,its source code and acollection of samples that help you develop Java applications to communicate with your XBeedevices.The XBee Python Library is a Python API that dramatically reduces the time to market of XBee projects developed in Python and facilitates the development of these types of applications,making it an easy process.WARNING!When operating at1W power output,observe a minimum separation distance of6ft(2m)between devices.Transmitting in close proximity of other devices can damage the device's front end.Operation Commissioning Pushbutton behaviorn Digital inputn Digital sinking driver outputThis section introduces XBee module concepts and commands.See the product manual for your XBee module for additional information.RS-232operationThe RS-232/RS-485variant of the XBee RF Modem defaults to RS-232mode.If the modem is not set to RS-232mode,set D2(DIO2/AD2)to0(default)or4.D3(DIO3/AD3)does not matter,but we recommend setting it to0(default).Set D7(DIO7/CTS)to1(CTS enabled,default).You can use the USB port to configure RS-232mode,but when it is plugged in the RS-232protocol does not function. RS-232wiring diagramsThe following diagram shows an RS-232DTE device wired to a DCE XBee RF Modem.The following diagram shows a DCE XBee RF Modem wired to a DCE RS-232device.The following diagram shows a sample wireless connection:DTE<-->DCE DCE<-->DCERS-485(2-wire)half-duplex operationTo set the RS-232/RS-485variant of the XBee RF Modem to RS-485(2-wire)half-duplex mode,set the D2and D3commands to5and the D7command to7.The USB port can be used to configure the RS-485(2-wire)mode,but while it is plugged in the RS-485(2-wire)protocol will not function.RS-485(2-wire)wiring diagramRS-485(4-wire)full-duplex operationTo set the RS-232/RS-485variant of the XBee RF Modem to RS-485(4-wire)full-duplex mode,set the D2command to5,the D3command to4,and the D7command to7.The USB port can be used to configure the RS-485(4-wire)mode,but while it is plugged in the RS-485(4-wire)protocol will not function.This mode can also communicate with RS-422devices,if desired.RS-485(4-wire)wiring diagramRS-485connection guidelinesThe RS-485/422protocol provides a solution for wired communications that can tolerate high noise and push signals over long cable lengths.RS-485/422signals can communicate as far as4000feet (1200m).RS-232signals are suitable for cable distances up to100feet(30.5m).RS-485offers multi-drop capability in which you can connect up e the RS-422protocol for point-to-point communications.To integrate the XBee RF Modem with the RS-485protocol,we suggest the following:Regulatory information FCC(United States) FCC(United States)FCC Part15Class BRadio Frequency Interface(RFI)(FCC15.105)This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class B digital devices pursuant to Part15Subpart B of the FCC rules.These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment.This equipment generates,uses,and can radiateradio frequency energy,and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual,may cause harmful interference to radio communications.However,there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on,the user isencouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:n Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.n Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.n Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.n Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Labeling requirements(FCC15.19)This device complies with Part15of FCC rules.Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1)this device may not cause harmful interference,and(2)this device must accept any interferencereceived,including interference that may cause undesired operation.Modifications(FCC15.21)Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Digi may void the user’sauthority to operate this equipment.Regulatory information ISED(Innovation,Science and Economic Development Canada) ISEDCAUTION!This equipment is approved for mobile and base station transmitting devices only.Antenna(s)used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of atleast34cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with anyother antenna or transmitter.Attention Cetéquipement est approuvépour la mobile et la station base dispositifsd'émission seulement.Antenne(s)utilisépour cetémetteur doitêtre installépour fournirune distance de séparation d'au moins34cmàpartir de toutes les personnes et ne doitpasêtre situéou fonctionner en conjonction avec tout autre antenne ouémetteur.XBee RF Modems User Guide42XBee RF Modems User Guide43Troubleshooting Reset the XBee RF Modem XBee RF Modems User Guide 44Reset the XBee RF ModemIf the XBee RF Modem loses its connection to the computer,you can attempt a reset.ConditionThe XBee RF Modem loses connection to the computer.SolutionEach XBee RF Modem has a reset button.The following image shows the location of the reset button as 1,the topbutton.Press this button to reset the module.However,this will not clear any changes written to the module.You can also press the reset button to reset the COM port for the board.To reconnect the module after pressing the reset button:1.In XCTU,click the Consoles working mode button on thetoolbar .2.Click the Closebutton .3.Click the Open button to restore theconnection .。
zigbee技术XBEE模块使用说明书
XBee和XBee - PRO OEM RF模块的设计，以ZigBee协议内运作，支持低成本的独特需求，低功耗无线传感器网络工程。
模块只需要最小的功率，就能提供远程设备之间的数据传输的可靠性。
这两个模块内运作的ISM 2.4 GHz频段，且引脚对引脚相互兼容。
1.1 主要特点先进的网络和安全重试和确认。
DSSS（直接序列扩频）每一个序列频道，可使用超过65000个唯一的网络地址点至点，点对点，点对多点和点对点的对等拓扑支撑自行安排，自我修复和故障容错网络易于使用没有配置必要的外箱射频通信AT和API命令模式配置模块参数小尺寸广泛的命令集免费的X - CTU软件（测试和配置软件）免费及无限技术支持1.1.1. 全球认证FCC认证（美国）参见附录A [p34要求]。
系统包含的XBee / XBee-PRO射频模块继承MaxStream的认证。
ISM（工业，科学和医疗）2.4吉赫频带的ISO 9001:2000认证机构认证下制造的注册标准的XBee / XBee-PRO射频模块列表被优化用于在美国，加拿大，澳大利亚，以色列和欧洲。
1.2.描述表1-01，XBee/XBee‐PRO OEM RF 模块(简述)当在欧洲运用时：XBee - PRO RF模块必须被配置为运行在一个最大发射功率为10 dBm的输出水平。
电源输出级别设置使用PL 命令。
PL参数必须等于“0”（10 dBm）。
此外，欧洲法规规定，EIRP最高功率为12.86 dBm的（19毫瓦），对于XBee – PRO的12.11 dBm和XBee时高增益天线天线选项：指定的范围内使用时是典型的集成块（1.5 dBi的）和偶极子（2.1 dBi的）天线。
该芯片天线选项提供要素优势，它的形式，但它通常会产生更短的选择范围比带和偶极子天线发射时，在户外。
1.3.机械尺寸图1 - 01 XBee / XBee - PRO OEM RF模块的机械尺寸（天线选项未显示）The XBee and XBee‐PRO RF Modules are pin‐for‐pin compatible.XBee和XBee - 专业射频模块的引脚- 为- 引脚兼容。
XBee中文说明
X B e e Z N e t2.5射频模块用户手册翻译济南鑫银博郭雷1.概述XBee/XBee-Pro ZNet2.5 OEM(以前所说的2代与2代Pro)被设计成运行在ZigBee协议下,支持低成本,低功耗的无线传感器网络.这些模块只需要很少的电源,就提供了远程设备间可靠的数据传递.这些模块运行在ISM 2.4GHz频率下,并能兼容:XBee RS-232适配器XBee RS-232 PH(能源采集)适配器XBee RS-485适配器XBee模拟I/O适配器XBee数字I/O适配器XBee传感器适配器XBee USB适配器ConnectPort X系列网关XBee Wall 路由1.1关键词高性能,低成本l室内:300英尺(100M)l室外可视:1英里(1.6KM)l发射功率输出:100mW(20dBm)EIRP l接收敏感度:-102dBml射频速率:250Kbps 低功耗XBee Pro ZNet2.5l发射电流:295mA(@3.3V) l接收电流:45mA(@3.3V) l关机电流:<1μA@25℃先进的网络与安全性l确认与重传机制l DSSS直序扩频l每个指令序列信道拥有超过65000个独一无二的可用的网络地址l支持点对点,点对多点,对等的拓扑结构l自动路由,自动愈合以及容错Mesh网络易用性l无需配置为外在的射频通信l使用AT或API命令模式配置射频模块参数l丰富的命令组合l免费的X-CTU软件(测试和配置软件)l免费,无限的技术支持1.2技术规格室内距离133英尺(40米) 300英尺(100米) 室外可视距离400英尺(120米) 1英里(1.6千米)输出功率2毫瓦(+3dBm)增强模式启用1.25毫瓦+1dBm)增强模式禁用63毫瓦(+18dBm) 10毫瓦(+10dBm)射频数据速率250,000bps 250,000bps串口数据速率(软件调节) 1200~230,400bps(支持非标准速率) 1200~230,400bps(支持非标准速率)接收敏感度-96dBm增强模式启用-95dBm增强模式禁用-102dBm 供电电压 2.1~3.6伏 3.0~3.4伏工作电流(发射,最大功率) 40毫安(@3.3伏增强模式启用)35毫安(@3.3伏增强模式禁用)295毫安(@3.3伏)工作电流(接收) 40毫安(@3.3V增强模式启用)38毫安(@3.3V增强模式禁用)45毫安(@3.3V)空载电流(接收关闭) 15毫安15毫安关机电流<1微安@25℃<1微安@25℃运行频段ISM 2.4GHz ISM 2.4GHz尺寸 2.438厘米x 2.761厘米 2.438厘米x 3.294厘米操作温度-40~85℃(工业级) 40~85℃(工业级)天线选择鞭状,芯片式,RPMSA,UFI连接器鞭状,芯片式,RPMSA,UFI连接器网络拓扑结构点对点,点对多点,对等,网状网点对点,点对多点,对等,网状网信道数16个直序信道13个直序信道寻址选项PAN ID和地址,簇ID和端点(可选) PAN ID和地址,簇ID和端点(可选)1.3安装注意事项XBee模块被设计成针脚式(插座)的,因此与电路板连接时无需任何焊接.XBee Pro ZNet2.5开发包包括RS232和USB接口板,使用双排20针插座来连接模块.Digi建议在母版上画出模块的轮廓线,以指示模块的安装方向.1.4针脚信号针脚号名称方向描述1 VCC 电源供应2 DOUT 输出UART数据输出3 DIN/CONFIG 输入UART数据输入4 DIO12 任意数字量输入输出125 RESET 输入模块重启(重启间隔不能小于200纳秒)6 PWM0/RSSI/DIO10 任意PWM输出0/接收信号强度指示/数字量输入输出107 PWM/DIO11 任意数字量输入输出118 空9 DTR/SLEEP_RQ/DIO8 任意针脚休眠控制/数字量输入输出810 GND 接地11 DIO4 任意数字量输入输出412 CTS/DIO7 任意CTS流控/数字量输入输出713 ON/SLEEP/DIO9 输出模块工作状态指示/数字量输入输出914 空15 Associate/DIO5 任意连接指示/数字量输入输出516 RTS/DIO6 任意RTS流控/数字量输入输出617 AD3/DIO3 任意模拟量输入3/数字量输入输出318 AD2/DIO2 任意模拟量输入2/数字量输入输出219 AD1/DIO1 任意模拟量输入1/数字量输入输出120 AD0/DIO0/Commissioning Button 任意模拟量输入0/数字量输入输出0/测试按钮备注:l最小连接方式:VCC,GND,DOUT&DINl支持固件升级的最小连接方式: VCC,GND,DOUT,DIN,RTS&DTRl信号方向指的是模块指向的方向l模块的RESET包括一个30K欧的电阻器l空针脚可以不连接l针脚20可以连接一个功能测试按钮1.5电气特性XBee Pro ZNet 2.5(VCC=3.0~3.4VDC)参数条件最小典型最大单位低电压输入全输入0.2*VCC 伏高电压输入全输入0.8*VCC 伏低电压输出VCC<=2.7V 0.18*VCC 伏高电压输出VCC<=2.7V 0.82*VCC 伏输入漏电流每个针脚0.5微安微安2.射频模块操作2.1串口通信XBee ZNet 2.5 OEM射频模块通过一个逻辑异步串口与主机设备连接.通过这个串口,模块可与任何逻辑和电压兼容的UART通信;或通过一个电平转换器与任何串口设备通信(例如通过Digi的RS232或USB母板)2.1.1U A R T数据流拥有UART接口的设备可以直接连接到模块的相应针脚,如图:串行信号数据作为异步串行信号通过针脚3进入模块的UART.当没有数据传输时,信号置为高电平.每个数据字节包含一个起始位(低电平),八个数据位和一个停止位(高电平).下图模拟了串行信号通过模块时的情形.2.1.2串口缓存XBee ZNet 2.5拥有小缓存区来收集串行或射频数据.串行接收缓存区收集输入的串行字符,直到它们被处理. 串行发送缓存区收集经由射频连接的将要被发送的数据.内部数据流图解:串行接收缓存区当数据通过针脚3进入模块,它会被存贮在串行接收缓存区中,直到被处理.某些条件下,模块不允许串行接收缓存区一接收到数据就进行处理.当大量数据发送至模块时,CTS流控是防止串行接收缓存溢出所必须的.下列情况可导致串行接收缓存区溢出:1.当模块接收到连续不断的射频数据流, 串行接收缓存区中的数据未传出直到模块不再接收射频数据.2.当模块接收到一个射频数据包,它需要找到目的地或一个通向目的地的路由.数据发送完成后,如果未收到接收确认,则需重传数据包,或者它传输的是广播包.这些问题都会使串行接收缓存区数据的处理延迟.串行发送缓存区当接收到射频数据,它将被移至串行发送缓存区,送出UART.当串行发送缓存区被占满,以至于所有接收到的射频数据包都无法写入,就会丢包.下列情况可导致串行接收发送缓存区被占满而丢包:1.当射频数据的速率设置的比模块高时,模块接收数据比它发送出去的更快.2.当主机由于软件流控而阻止数据从串行发送缓存区中发出.2.1.3串口流控模块的RTS和CTS针脚可用于提供RTS和/或CTS流控.CTS流控为使主机停止发送串口数据提供指示.RTS流控允许主机给模块传达信号,使它不从UART中发出串行发送缓存区中的数据.RTS和CTS流控使用D6和D7命令开启.CTS流控当CTS流控启用(D7命令),串口接收缓存区在距溢出还有17字节时,模块的CTS信号置高,示意主机设备停止发送串口信号.当串口接收缓存区拥有34字节以上的空间时,CTS信号复原.RTS流控当RTS流控启用(D6命令),RTS信号置高会使串口发送缓存区不再通过DOUT针脚发送数据.主机设备通过RTS,避免了了串口发送缓存区被占满.当接收到一个射频数据包,而串口发送缓存区没有足够的空间时,则整个射频数据包会被丢弃.2.1.4串口协议XBee模块支持透传模式和API(应用程序接口)模式.透传操作当运行在透传模式下,模块就像被一根串口线所代替.所有来自DIN针脚接收的UART数据将列队通过射频传输.当接收到射频数据,它们通过DOUT针脚送出.模块的参数设置为使用AT命令.数据被缓冲在串口接收缓存区,直到下一个数据的打包和传输:1.无串行字符的接收的时间多少取决于RO(分包超时)参数.当RO=0时,一收到字符就立即进行分包.2.最大字符数适应接收到的射频包(74字节).3.接收到命令模式顺序(GT+CC+GT)后,任何串口接收缓冲区内的字符将被继续缓冲,直到命令发送完毕.射频模块的固件支持下列透传模式:1.0xx(协调器)和1.2xx(路由/终端)API操作API操作是透传操作的一种替代方式.模块的联网能力可以通过基于帧架构的API进行扩展,从而与主机的应用程序互动.在API模式下,所以进出模块的数据都被包含在帧内,它的运行与事件定义在模块之内.发送数据帧(通过针脚3接收的)包括:l射频发送数据帧l命令帧(类似于AT命令)接收数据帧(通过针脚2发送的)包括:l射频接收数据帧l命令响应l事件通知,如重启,联机,脱机等等.API提供了一种在主机应用层进行模块配置与数据路由选择的方式.主机的应用程序可以发送包含了地址与载荷空间的数据帧,以替代使用命令模式来修改地址.模块发送包含状态的数据帧给应用程序,既包括接收到的源,也包括接收到的载荷空间.选择API可以实现下列操作:Ø发送数据给多个目的地而不需要进入命令模式Ø接收每个射频包的发送情况(成功或失败)射频模块的固件支持下列API模式:1.1xx(协调器)和1.3xx(路由/终端)2.2工作模式2.2.1空闲模式当无发送或接收数据时,射频模块处于空闲模式.在这个模式下,模块仍然检查有效的射频数据.模块在下列情况时会转换到其他模式:l发送模式(串口接收缓冲区内的数据等待被封包)l接收模式(天线接收到有效的射频数据)l睡眠模式(仅终端)l命令模式(命令模式序列发布)2.2.2发送模式当串行数据被接收到,准备进行分包,模块会退出空闲模式,试图发送数据.目的地址决定了哪个节点会接收到数据.在发送数据之前,模块要先保证一个16位的网络地址和到达目标节点的路由已经建立.如果这个16位的目的网络地址未知,会进行网络地址搜索.如果路由未知,会进行路由搜索,以建立一个通往目标节点的路由.如果未找到与模块匹配的网络地址,这个包会被丢弃.一旦确立了路由,数据就会被传出.如果建立路由的搜索失败,这个包同样会被丢弃.当数据从一个节点传递到另一个节点,会发送一个网络级的确认包,沿着已经建立的路由传回源节点.这个确认包告诉源节点,数据已经成功的被目标节点接收.如果未收到网络确认,则源节点会进行数据重传.可能在罕见的情况下,目标节点接收到了数据包,但是源节点未收到网络确认.这种情况下,源节点的重传数据,会导致目标多次接收到同样的数据包.XBee ZNet2.5不能过滤出相同的数据包.应用程序中应包含这种争论的处理规则.2.2.3接收模式当接收到一个有效的射频数据包,它就会被转移到串口发送缓冲区.2.2.4命令模式为了更改或读取模块参数,模块必须进入命令模式——一个把输入的串行字符解读为命令的模式.命令模式进入命令模式:发送连续3个”+++”字符,并注意在字符的开始和结束之间要遵循保护时间.默认的AT命令模式序列(为了向命令模式过渡):l一秒[GT(保护时间)参数=0x3E8]无字符传出l一秒[CC(命令字符序列)参数=0x2B]内输入三个加号l一秒[GT(保护时间)参数=0x3E8]无字符传出一旦AT命令模式序列发出,模块会从DOUT针脚发出一个”OK\r”.如果模块尚未发送完接收到的串行数据,这个”OK\r”会被延迟.当进入命令模式以后,命令模式计时器开启(CT命令),模块被允许从DIN针脚接收AT命令.所有序列内的参数值都可被修改.备注:进入AT命令模式失败最大的可能是由于波特率不匹配.默认情况下,BD(波特率)参数=3(9600bps)发送AT命令发送AT命令和参数要遵循下面的语法:读取模块寄存器内的参数值,忽略参数段这个示例改变了模块的目的地址(Low)为”0x1F”.新命令保存在非易失性存储器(长周期)里,随后发送WR( Write)命令.为了使修改后的参数在模块重启后仍能保持,必须使用WR(Write)命令写入到非易失性存储器中.否侧模块在重启后,参数会恢复到先前的值.命令响应当命令送达模块,它会分析并执行命令.成功执行命令之后,模块返回一个”OK”的消息.如果执行时候出错,则返回一个”ERROR”消息.应用更改命令任何通过AT命令进行的更改,在它应用之前不会生效.例如,发送BD命令改变波特率,在它应用之前并不会改变实际的波特率.更改的应用有以下两种办法:l发出AC(应用更改)命令l退出AT命令模式退出AT命令模式:1.发送ATCN(退出命令模式)命令,回车.或2.在CT(命令模式超时)命令指定的时间内接收不到有效的AT命令,模块自动返回到空闲模式2.2.5休眠模式休眠模式允许模块在不工作时进入一个低功耗的状态.XBee ZNet 2.5射频模块支持针脚休眠(根据针脚信号变化休眠)和周期休眠(模块在设定好的时间内休眠)3.Z i g B e e网络3.1Z i g B e e网络架构ZigBee网络被称为个人区域网(PAN).每个网络包含一个10位的标识符,叫PAN ID.ZigBee定义了三种不同的设备角色——协调器,路由,和终端.一个典型的网络如下:协调器(Coordinator)——负责选择信道和PAN ID. 协调器启动一个新的PAN.启动之后, 协调器允许路由,和终端连接到PAN中.它可以发送和接收射频数据,也可以参与网络的数据路由. 协调器不能使用电池供电,因为它是允许连接设备和/或路由数据所必须的,应使用电源供电.路由(Router)——路由在运行前必须连接到一个ZigBee PAN中.连接到PAN之后, 路由允许其他路由和终端连接到其中. 路由同样可以发送和接收射频数据,也可以通过网络路由数据包. 路由允许连接设备和参与路由数据,因此它不能休眠, 应使用电源供电.终端(End Device)——同路由一样, 终端必须连接到一个ZigBee PAN.但是终端不能允许其他设备连接PAN,也不能参与网络的数据路由. 终端可以发送和接收射频数据. 终端可以被设计成电池供电的设备.因为终端可以休眠,所以协调器或路由必须收集所有发往终端的数据,并在终端唤醒和能接收之前缓冲数据. 协调器或路由允许终端连接和代表终端处理射频数据,被称为终端的父级. 终端被认为是它们的子级.3.2Z i g B e e P A N当协调器选择了一个信道和PAN ID,ZigBee网络就成型了. 协调器启动PAN之后, 路由和终端就可以连接至其中. PAN ID在协调器启动网络的时候就已经选择好. 路由和终端连接PAN之后,就成为了它的一部分(继承了协调器的PAN ID).ZigBee支持网络的Mesh路由,允许数据穿越多个节点(跳),以抵达目标节点,这能使ZigBee节点覆盖一大片区域,并能支持网络中设备的通信.所有ZigBee网络中的设备,在加入之后都会获得一个16位的网络地址.协调器的网络地址总是0.3.2.1启动一个P A N当协调器负责启动一个ZigBee网络,所有的ZigBee网络单元都具有协调器的初始值.为了启动一个新的PAN, 协调器执行一系列的扫描,以发现不同信道之间的活动射频信号水平(能量扫描),及搜索附近运作的PAN(PAN扫描).能量扫描当协调器启动,它会在不同的信道(频段)执行能量扫描,以检测各个信道的信号水平.检测到拥挤的信道后,它就将其从可用信道列表中去掉.执行能量扫描可以使协调器在启动时避免选择了拥挤的信道.PAN扫描当能量扫描完毕, 协调器扫描剩余安静的信道中的其他PAN. 协调器首先发出一个广播,标记为一跳的请求.任何附近的协调器或路由会发送一个信标帧给它,来响应这个请求. 这个信标帧包含这个PAN的标识符(PAN ID),无论设备是否被允许连接.(PAN扫描一般也叫活动扫描或信标扫描)一旦协调器完成了能量扫描和PAN扫描,它会分析所接收到的信标,试图用一个未使用的PAN ID和信道来启动. 协调器启动PAN之后, 路由和终端于是就可以加入了. 协调器保留信道和PAN ID属性,来应对电源开关循环和重启.3.3连接到一个P A N路由和终端必须搜寻和连接一个PAN.它们首先发起一个PAN扫描,如同协调器所做的那样.从PAN扫描中,它们接收到附近ZigBee设备返回的信标列表.它们分析这个列表,并选择一个有效的ZigBee网络来连接.路由和终端可被配置为连接任何ZigBee PAN,或者只依据一个确定的PAN ID连接.然而,这仍然需要协调器或路由的许可.一旦正在进行连接的设备(路由或终端)找到了一个允许它连接的,运行在有效Zigbee网内的设备,它会发送一个连接请求给这个设备,来尝试连接.3.3.1连接许可协调器和路由都能准许新的路由和终端的连接. 协调器或路由是否允许新设备连接,取决于两点:l它的连接许可属性(如果连接被允许)l它已有的终端子设备号连接许可属性协调器和路由都有一个连接许可属性. 协调器和连接的路由中的这个属性,可以被设置为总是允许连接,短时间的连接,或者禁止连接.为了使一个新的设备连接网络,周围设备的这个属性必须被设置为允许连接.终端子设备既然终端可以依赖协调器或路由实现对射频数据包的缓冲,那么协调器和路由就要给它一个有限的终端子设备号.一旦这个编号的终端连接了一个协调器或路由,它就不再允许其他设备的连接.3.3.2安全如果安全被启用, 协调器会启用一个128位的AES加密.只有具备相同密钥的设备才能在PAN上通信. 路由和终端要加入,必须获得当前的密钥.密钥有两种获得方法: l预安装l连接的时候通过无线接收密钥3.4Z i g B e e网络通信ZigBee支持设备寻址与应用层寻址. 设备寻址指定了包将发往的目的设备地址. 应用层寻址指明了一个特殊的接收程序.通常所说的ZigBee终端,与一个消息类型字段被一起称为一个Cluster ID(簇ID).3.4.1Z i g B e e设备寻址建立在802.15.4协议之上的ZigBee协议指定了两种地址:l16位网络地址l64位地址16位网络地址当一个节点连接后,16位网络地址就被分配给它了.网络中每个节点的地址都是独一无二的.然而网络地址不是静态的,它可以被改变.下面两种情况会使节点改变地址:1.如果一个终端无法与它的上一级通信,而不得不离开并寻找一个新上级.2.如果设备的角色从终端变为路由,或者反之,它会离开网络并以新身份连接.ZigBee需要数据被发往的目的设备的16位网络地址.这就需要在发送数据之前先找到16位网络地址.64位网络地址每个节点包含一个独一无二的64位网络地址. 64位网络地址是永久的,可以用它找出一个特定节点.3.4.2Z i g B e e应用层寻址ZigBee应用层定义了端点和簇标识符(Cluster ID),用来表示设备上单独的服务或应用程序.每个端点就是ZigBee设备上的一个特定任务或应用程序,类似于一个TCP端口.每个ZigBee 设备能支持一个或更多的端点. Cluster ID定义了设备上的一个特定函数或动作.ZigBee家庭照明控制的Cluster ID包含了一些例如”开灯”,”关灯”,”微光”这样的动作.假设使用单独的无线指令控制一盏灯光调节器,同时一盏或多盏灯开关.调节器和开关会被分配给不同的端点值.为了发送消息给调节器,远程无线端发送一个无线消息给调节器的那个端点.在这个例子中, Cluster ID可以支持”开灯”,”关灯”或”微光”.因此,设备A为了关闭设备B 的一盏灯,设备A会发送灯光开关端点给设备B,使用”关灯”这个Cluster ID.如下图所示.3.3.4数据传输与路由所有数据包都被设备和应用层寻址字段进行了编址.数据可以被广播或者单播.广播广播传输在ZigBee协议中被设计为遍及整个网络,每个节点都能接收到.为了达到这个目的,所有接收到广播的设备会重传数据包三次.每个节点在发送广播时,会在局部的广播表上登记.这个登记被用来记录每个被接收到的广播包,以确保数据包不会被无穷尽的传输下去.每个登记被保持8秒.广播表能保存8个记录.为了能够广播,ZigBee协议栈需要保留一个数据包副本的缓冲空间.这个副本用来在需要时重传数据包.大的广播包需要更多的缓冲空间.因为广播需要网络中的每个设备都进行重传,请尽量少用广播.单播ZigBee的单播传输总是需要目标设备的16位网络地址.然而,只有设备的64位网络地址是永久的, 16位网络地址会改变.因此ZigBee设备需要搜索网络地址来识别当前的16位网络地址是否符合已知的64位网络地址,及使用路由搜索来建立一个路由.网络地址搜索传输的数据总是需要发往目标设备的16位网络地址.然而,64位地址是独一无二和被熟知的,ZigBee设备在传输数据前必须找到加入时分配给特定设备的网络地址.为了实现这个目的,设备发送一个遍及网络的网络地址搜索的广播包.这个包里包含需要发送数据的发起者的64位网络地址.设备接收到广播包后,检视广播包中的64位网络地址是否符合自己的64位网络地址.如果地址符合,设备发送一个响应数据包给发起者.当接收到响应数据包,发起者就开始传输数据了.路由搜索ZigBee使用Mesh路由选择来建立一个源设备与目标设备之间的路由. Mesh路由选择允许数据包穿越网络内的多个节点(跳),来实现源到目标的路由. 协调器和路由使用一个叫路由搜索的过程来建立一条源到目标的路径. 路由搜索的过程是基于AODV(无线自组网按需平面距离矢量路由)协议的.AODV(无线自组网按需平面距离矢量路由)路由算法要完成AODV协议下的路由选择,每个节点需要存储下一跳(源节点和目标节点之间的中介节点)到目标节点的一个表.如果下一跳未知,必须进行路由搜索以找到一个路径.因为路由只能存储有限数量的路径,路由搜索经常性的发生在一些拥有许多不同节点的大型网络内.目标地址下一跳地址R3 路由6 协调器C 路由6 路由5R5 路由6 路由6当一个源节点必须找到一条通往目标节点的路径时,它发送一个广播路由请求命令. 路由请求命令包含源地址,目标地址和路径消耗(一种测量路由质量的标准).当路由请求命令穿过网络时(涉及广播传输),每个节点重新广播更新后的路径消耗信息,并在搜索路由表上创建一个临时登记.当目标节点接收到一个路由请求,它与先前接收的路由请求命令的”路径消耗”值比较.如果这个路由请求的路径消耗比任何先前接收的路径消耗都好,目标节点会发送一个路由响应包给发起请求的节点.中间节点接收并转交路由响应包给源节点(发起路由请求的节点).备注:R6如果发现了更好的路由,可能会发送多个响应.重传与确认ZigBee在MAC层和应用支持层(APS)都包含确认数据包.当数据到达远程设备,它可能经过多跳才到达目的地.就像数据被从一个节点传到它的邻居一样,一个表示传输成功完成的确认数据包(ACK)沿反方向传送了回去.如果未收到ACK,发送设备会重传数据最多4次.这个ACK 被称为MAC层确认.另外,发起传输的设备期望收到来自目标设备的确认数据包(ACK).这个ACK会穿过数据所走过的路径,但是方向相反.如果始发设备未收到这个ACK,它会重传数据最多2次,直到接收到ACK. 这个ACK被称为ZigBee APS层确认.4.X B e e Z N e t2.5网络4.1X B e e Z N e t2.5网络架构XBee ZNet 2.5模块不同于EmberZNet 2.5.x软件栈.这个栈的很多地方类似于标准的ZigBee 2006,但是增加了维持一个强大的Mesh网所必须的特征.这一章节讲述了如何配置模块的联网,安全性,以及创建Mesh网的寻址参数.为了创建一个ZigBee网络,协调器必须以一个信道和PAN ID为开始.一旦协调器启动, 路由和终端就可以连接网络了.SC(搜索信道),ID(PAN ID),SD(搜索持续时间)和NJ(节点连接时间)命令被用来管理这个网络的架构.SC和ID设置应被写为WR命令,以保护网络架构和连接信息.4.1.1一个协调器的启动为了组成一个网络, 协调器必须选择一个未被使用的运行信道和PAN ID.XBee ZNet 2.5支持使用User-settable命令来控制这个选择信道和PAN的过程.命令说明ID 用来指定PAN ID.设为0xFFFF则允许选择任何ID.SC 选择一个能量扫描和PAN扫描的信道列表SD 指定对SC信道进行能量扫描和PAN扫描的持续时间。
基于XBee-Pro模块组建的ZigBee网络的实际应用
本身不需要较高的传输带宽 ， 但需要较低的功率消 耗和较低的传输时延 ， 这样能够使用户拥有较长 的
电池寿命和较多的器件阵列 。Ｚ Ｂ ｅ ｉ ｅ 具有通信效率 ｇ 较高 、 速率和功耗较低、 成本低 、 安全性高及全数字 化等优点。这些优点使 Ｚｇｅ ｉ ｅ和无线抄表系统完 Ｂ 美地结合在一起…。
中， 它的终端节点主要是将数字仪表通过 Ｒ ２２ Ｓ一 ３ 连接到 Ｍ Ｐ ３ Ｓ ４０低功耗单 片机上。Ｍ Ｐ ３ Ｓ４０单片机 负责控制数字仪表读取数据 ， 封装成 Ｘ ｅ — ｒ 能 Ｂｅ Ｐｏ 够发送 的帧结构 ， 然后转交 Ｘ ｅ —Ｐ 模块发送给 Ｂｅ ｒ ｏ
目 标协调器。如果距离太远或者其他原因数据可以
Ｐｒ ｃｉａ ｐ ｌ ａ ｉ ｎ ｏ ｇ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｒ ｏ ｏ ｅ ａ ｔｃ ｌａ ｐ ｉ ｔｏ ｆＺｉＢｅ ｅ ｗｏ ｋ ｃ ｍｐ ｓ ｄ ｃ ｂ ｓｄ ｏ ａ ｅ ｎ ＸＢｅ ． ｏ ｍ ｏ ｕ ｅ ｅ Ｐｒ ｄ ｌｓ
ＧＵＯ ｎ － ｕ， ＺＨＯＵ ｎ — ｉ ｇ Ｈａ ｇ ｙ Ｆｅ ｇ ｘ ｎ
（ 武汉科技大学冶金 自动化及 检测技术教育部工程研究 中心 ， 武汉 ４ ０ ８ ） ３０ １
摘 要 ：无线抄表 系统主要是将 多个 Ｘ ｅ — ｒ 模块配置成一个 Ｚｇｅ Ｂ ｅ Ｐｏ ｉ ｅ网络 结构。每个数据终 Ｂ 端利用一个 Ｍ Ｐ３ 低功耗的 Ｍ Ｕ将数字仪表和 Ｘ ｅ — ｒ 连接。然后利用 Ｍ Ｐ３ Ｓ ４０ Ｃ Ｂ ｅ Ｐｏ Ｓ４０单片机控制
调器 （ Ｂｅ Ｐｏ Ｘ ｅ — ｒ 配置成协调器 ｃ ｒ ｎｔ ） ｏ ｄ ａ ｒ在接受 ｏｉ ｏ 到数据帧之后通过 串口将接收到的数据移交到 由 Ｖ Ｂ编写的软件 系统 ， 析出数 字仪表的数据 存储 解 到相应的数据库中完成仪表数据 的读取。Ｖ Ｂ中相 应的控件控制数据仪表何时将待读取的数据发送至 数据库中， 以此来达到无线抄表系统的实现 。 】
XBee S2C DigiMesh 2.4 Kit RF 模块入门指南说明书
XBee S2C DigiMesh2.4Kit Radio Frequency(RF)ModuleSet up your XBee devices Step1:Assemble the hardware StepMake sure the board is NOT powered by either the micro USB or a battery when youplug in the XBee module.WARNING!Never insert or remove the XBee device while the power is on!Set up your XBee devices Step2:Download and install XCTUAfter you plug the XBee module into the board,connect the board tomicro USB cables provided.Ensure the loopback jumper is in the UART position.Make sure the board is not powered when you remove the XBee module.StepSet up your XBee devices Step2:Download and install XCTUStepbutton.button.select the7.Click Add selected devices once the discovery process has finished.You should see something similar to the following example in the Radio Modules section:8.Click Finish.button. XBee SMT Grove Development Boardbutton.button.initials in the Search boxexample:button.button. button.Check the networkOnce both XBee modules are configured,use XCTU to check that they are in the same network and can see each other.1.Click the Discover radio nodes in the same network button of XBEE_A.The device searches for devices in the same network.When the discovery process is finished,XCTU lists discovered devices found within the network in the Discovering remote devices dialog.2.Click Cancel.There is no need to add the remote device that has been discovered.Send messages through XCTUUse the XCTU console to have your two XBee modules send messages to each other.1.Switch both XBee modules to the consoles working mode.2.Open a serial connection for each XBee.a.Select XBEE_A and click.b.Select XBEE_B and click.button toopen forStep4:Create a mesh networkThis section describes how to add a third XBee module to create a mesh network.Establish a meshnetwork any time you want to create a network that is larger than the range of each individual device.In these instructions,you first connect a loopback jumper to an XBee module in preparation fortesting your network.If you get stuck,see Troubleshooting.Connect a loopback jumper to an XBee moduleConnecting a loopback jumper to an XBee module lets you send a message to another XBee moduleand have the message loop back to the sender.1.Connect the loopback jumper on XBEE_B so it bridges the pin marked"loopback"and themiddle pin on its development board.2.In the XBEE_A console,click the Clear session button to clear your previous conversation.3.Type"Hello!"Each character loops back in the XBEE_A console log,which indicates that XBEE_A successfullysent the message to XBEE_B.You are now ready to use the loopback jumper to help you test a mesh network consisting ofthree XBee modules.Set up a third XBee module to create a mesh networkTo create a mesh network,move XBEE_B away from XBEE_A until communication is lost.Then,add XBEE_C to relay messages between XBEE_A and XBEE_B.The network automatically adjusts and redirects communications when a pathway becomes available.1.Move XBEE_B out of range of XBEE_A:a.Disconnect XBEE_B from your computer and remove it from XCTU by clicking theRemove the list of remote modules button.b.Connect XBEE_B to a power supply(or laptop or portable battery)and move it awayfrom XBEE_A until it is out of range.The approximate indoor range is100ft(30m),and the approximate outdoor rangeis300ft.(90km).c.Make sure the loopback jumper is connected to XBEE_B.See Connect the loopbackjumper.d.In the XBEE_A console,click to clear your previous conversation with XBEE_B.e.Type"Are you out of range?"In the illustration below,the message does not loopback,which means XBEE_B did not receive it and it is out of range of XBEE_A.f.If the message loops back,move XBEE_B farther away until it no longer loops back.2.Add and configure another XBee module:a.Connect another XBee module to your computer.b.Click the Configuration working modes button.c.Click the Add a radio module button.d.In the Add a radio module dialog,select the USB Serial Port for this XBee moduleand click Finish.e.Configure this XBee module as follows:ID:D161NI:XBEE_Cf.Click the Write radio settings button.XBEE_B:mode.removebutton.insteadtoBefore you perform other tasks,change the loopback jumper on XBEE_B so it no longer bridges the two pins on its development board.It should look like this:Step5:Use API mode to talk to XBee modulesThis section shows you how to configure an XBee module in API mode,which gives you flexibility,speed,and reliability in your data transmissions.If you get stuck,see Troubleshooting.For more information on API mode,see the XBee S2C DigiMesh2.4User Guide.Configure an XBee module in API mode1.Select XBEE_A and click the Configuration working modes button.2.Add this configuration:AP:API Mode13.Click the Write radio settings button.The Port indicates XBEE_A is in API mode.Send an API Tx frame from an XBee module to another moduleAPI Tx frames are the instructions that allow one XBee module to send data to another XBee module.In these instructions,XBEE_A uses the API frame type"Transmit Request"to send some text data to XBEE_B.1.Reconnect XBEE_B to your computer.2.Make sure the loopback jumper on XBEE_B no longer bridges the two pins on its developmentboard.3.In XCTU, rediscover XBEE_B.4.Switch XBEE_A and XBEE_B to console mode:a.Select XBEE_A and click.Then click to open a serial connection.b.Select XBEE_B and click.Then click to open a serial connection.5.Select XBEE_A.6.In the Send a single frame area,click the Add new frame to the list button.7.In the Add API frame to the list dialog,click the Create frame using'Frames Generator'tool button.8.In the XBee API Frame generator dialog,configure the following parameters:Protocol:DigiMeshMode:API1Frame type: 0x10-Transmit Request64-bit dest.address:MAC address of XBEE_BRF data:Type"Hello XBee_B!"in the ASCII tab9.Click OK.10.In the Add API frame to the list dialog,type a name for your frame.11.Click Add frame.12.In the Send frames area,make sure your frame is selected.13.In the Send a single frame area,click Send selected frame.14.In the Frames log area,select Transmit Request and then Transmit Status to look at theFrame details for each.For example,select Transmit Status and scroll down in the Frame details area to see that your Delivery status is a success.15.In the Radio Modules area,select XBEE_B."Hello XBee_B!"appears in the Console log.Do more with your XBee devices Update the firmware of your XBee modules Update the firmware of your XBee modulesRadio firmware is the program code stored in the device's persistent memory that provides thecontrol program for the e XCTU to update the firmware.1.Click the Configuration working modes button.2.Add local and remote XBee modules to your computer.See Add XBee modules to XCTU andConfigure remote XBee modules.3.Select a local or remote XBee module from the Radio Modules list.4.Click the Update firmware button.The Update firmware dialog displays the available and compatible firmware for the selectedXBee module.5.Select the product family of the XBee module,the function set,and the latest firmware version.6.Click Update.A dialog displays update progress.Configure remote XBee modulesYou can communicate with remote devices over the air through a corresponding local device.Configure the local device in API mode because remote commands work only in API mode.Configure remote radio modules in either API or transparent mode.These instructions show you how to configure the LT(Associate LED blink times)parameter on aremote module.Do more with your XBee devices Configure remote XBee modules1.Add two XBee modules to XCTU.See Add XBee modules to XCTU.2.Configure the first XBee module in API mode and name it XBEE_A.See Configure an XBeemodule in API mode.3.Configure the second XBee module in either API or transparent mode,and name it XBEE_B.See Configure the first two XBee modules in transparent mode.4.Disconnect XBEE_B from your computer and remove it from XCTU by clicking the Remove thelist of remote modules button.5.Connect XBEE_B to a power supply(or laptop or portable battery).Your Radio Modules area should look something like this.6.Select XBEE_A and click the Discover radio nodes in the same network button.7.Click Add selected devices in the Discovering remote devices dialog.The discovered remotedevice appears below XBEE_A.8.Select the remote device XBEE_B,and configure the following parameter:LT:FF(hexidecimal representation for2550ms)9.Click the Write radio settings button.The remote XBee module now has a different LED blink time.10.To return to the default LED blink times,change the LT parameter back to0for XBEE_B.Set up and perform a range testThis section shows you how to set up two XBee modules to perform a range test,which demonstrates the real-world RF range and link quality between two XBee modules in the same network.Performinga range test gives an initial indication of the expected communication performance of the kitcomponents.When deploying an actual network,perform multiple range tests to analyze varyingconditions in your application.Configure the XBee modules for a range testFor XBee modules to communicate with each other,you configure them so they are in the samenetwork.You also set the local device to API mode to obtain all possible data of the remote XBeemodule.1.Add two XBee modules to XCTU.See Step3:Add the XBee modules to XCTU.2.Select the first XBee module and click the Load default firmware settings button.3.Configure the following parameters:ID:D161NI:XBEE_AAP:API enabled[1]4.Click the Write radio settings button.5.Select the other XBee module and click.6.Configure the following parameters:ID:D161NI:XBEE_BAP:API disabled[0]button.computer button.work in menu and window opens.2.Select XBEE_A and click the Discover remote devices button.The discovery of remote devices starts.When the discovery process finishes,the other device (XBEE_B)appears in the Discovering remote devices dialog.3.Click Add selected devices.4.Select XBEE_B from the Discovered device drop-down menu in the Device Selection area.5.For Range Test type,select Cluster ID0x12.6.Click the Start Range Test button.7.If a notification dialog asks you to close the loopback jumper in the remote device,click OK.8.Test the signal interference by doing one of the following:n Place your hands over one of the XBee modules.n Block line-of-sight with your body.n Place a metal box over an XBee module.n Move the remote XBee module to a different room or floor of the building.The Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI)value will decrease and some packets may even be lost.9.Observe how XCTU represents the retrieved data:n Range Test chart represents the RSSI values of the local and remote devices during the range test session.The chart also shows the percentage of total packets successfullysent.n Local and Remote bar graphs represent the signal strengths of the local and remote XBee modules.These values are retrieved for the last packet sent/received.RSSI ismeasured in dBm.A greater negative value in dBm indicates a weaker signal.Therefore,-50dBm is better than-60dBm.n Packets sent and Packets received area shows the total number of packets sent, packets received,transmission errors,and packets lost.The percentage bar graphindicates the percentage of packets that are successfully sent and received during arange test session.In the following illustration,the percentage of packets successfully sent is69%and received is 64%.The actual percentage of packets successfully sent or received may be higher.10.Click the Stop Range Test button to stop the process at any time.11.When you have completed the range test,click the Remove the list of remote modulesbutton to remove the remote XBee modules from XCTU.Troubleshooting Cannot find the serial port for the module Cannot find the serial port for the moduleYou can remove the XBee Grove Development Board from the USB port and view which port name no longer appears in your port list.The name that no longer appears is your XBee board.To use XCTU to determine the correct serial port:1.Open XCTU,Click the Discover radio modules button.2.Select all ports to be scanned.3.Click Next and then Finish.Once the discovery process completes,a new window notifies you of the devices discovered and the details.The serial port and the baud rate appear in the Port label.Cannot identify XBee modulesTo identify modules you have added to XCTU,read the device settings of each module and check the Rx and Tx LEDs of the XBee Grove Development Boards.The LEDs indicate that the XBee module isreceiving(Rx)or transmitting(Tx)information through the serial port.When you read or write the settings of a module,the Rx and Tx LEDs blink so you can identify whichmodule is connected to each serial port.The following example shows the LED for a port already inuse.The serial port where the local XBee module is connected can only be in use by one application.Check to make sure the connection with the module in the XCTU console is closed and there are no otherapplications and no other instances of XCTU using the port.Cannot install device driverThe device driver software was not successfully installed.Potential causeSometimes when you connect an XBee Grove board to your computer,the operating system does not install the driver.Troubleshooting Use LEDs to identify XBee modulesResolutionTry the following,in order.If one of the steps resolves the issue,you're done.1.Remove and re-insert the XBee module into your computer.2.If the OS is still unable to install the driver,remove and re-insert the XBee module into anotherUSB port.3.If your computer fails during the driver initialization problem and you are still unable to installthe drivers,complete the following steps:a.Open the Device Manager.b.In the Other Devices section,right-click on the device T232R USB UART and clickuninstall.c.Plug in your device and allow your system to reinstall the drivers.Use LEDs to identify XBee modulesYou want to force LEDs to blink so you can easily locate an XBee module.ResolutionTo locate an XBee module using LEDs:1.In XCTU,select one of your XBee modules and click the Read radio settings button.2.Observe which XBee module has the Rx and Tx LED lights blinking green and yellow on itsdevelopment board.No remote devices to select for a range testIf there are no remote XBee modules to select in the Radio Range Test dialog,try one of the following resolutions.Check cablesThe USB cables should be firmly and fully attached to both the computer and the XBee development board.When attached correctly,the association LED on the adapter is lit.Check that the XBee module is fully seated in the XBeedevelopment boardWhen the XBee module is correctly installed,it is pushed fully into the board and no air or metal isvisible between the plastic of the adapter socket and the XBee module headers.Also,check that all ten pins on each side of the XBee module are in a matching hole in the socket.Check the XBee module orientationThe angled"nose"of the XBee module should match the lines on the silk screening of the board and point away from the USB socket on the XBee development board.Troubleshooting Port in usePortXCTU cannot discover devicesIf XCTU doesn't discover an XBee module or doesn't display any serial ports,try the followingresolutions.Check the configuration of your USB serial converter1.On the Start menu,click Computer>System Properties>Device Manager.2.Under Serial Bus controllers,double-click the first USB Serial Converter to open the USB SerialConverter dialog.3.Click the Advanced tab,make sure Load VCP is selected,and click OK.4.Repeat steps2and3for each USB Serial Converter listed in the Device Manager.Check cablesDouble-check all cables.The USB cable should be firmly and fully attached to both the computer and the XBee development board.When attached correctly,the association LED on the adapter will be lit.Check that the XBee module is fully seated in the XBeedevelopment boardWhen the XBee module is correctly installed,it should be pushed fully into the board and no air ormetal should be visible between the plastic of the adapter socket and the XBee module headers.Also, double-check that all ten pins on each side of the XBee module made it into a matching hole in thesocket.Check the XBee module orientationThe angled"nose"of the XBee module should match the lines on the silk screening of the board and point away from the USB socket on the XBee development board.Check that the XBee modules are in the same networkCheck that the Network ID(ID)and the Channel(CH)settings have the same value for both XBeemodules.Check driver installationDrivers are installed the first time the XBee development board is plugged in.If this process is notcomplete or has failed,see Cannot install device driver.Check if the modules are sleepingThe On/Sleep LED of the Grove Development Board indicates if the XBee module is awake(LED on)or asleep(LED off).When an XBee module is sleeping,XCTU cannot discover it,so press the Commissioning button to wake it up for30seconds.XBee TH Grove Development BoardXBee SMT Grove Development BoardCheck the loopback jumperThe loopback jumper should not be connected when XCTU is trying to find the module.Make sure the loopback jumper is not connected to the loop-back pins.defaultbutton. In theandRegulatory information Europe(CE) Europe(CE)The XBee S2C DigiMesh2.4Kits have been tested for European compliance and CE markedaccordingly,refer to /resources/certifications.If the XBee S2C DigiMesh2.4Kits are incorporated into a product,the manufacturer must ensurecompliance of the final product with articles3.1a and3.1b of the Radio Equipment Directive2014/53/EU.An EU Declaration of Conformity must be issued in accordance with the Radio Equipment Directive2014/53/EU and supplied with the product when it is placed on the European market.A copy of the EU Declaration of Conformity must also be kept on file as described in the Radio EquipmentDirective.Furthermore,the manufacturer must maintain a copy of the XBee S2C DigiMesh2.4Kit user manual documentation and ensure the final product does not exceed the specified power ratings,antennaspecifications,and/or installation requirements as specified in the user guide.Maximum power and frequency specificationsFor the through-hole device:n Maximum power:9.82mW(9.92dBm)Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power(EIRP)at normal condition.n Frequencies:5MHz channel spacing,beginning at2405MHz and ending at2480MHz.For the surface-mount device:n Maximum power:12.65mW(11.02dBm)EIRP.n Frequencies:5MHz channel spacing,beginning at2405MHz and ending at2480MHz.。
FUJITSU Software Interstage XWand V13 产品说明书
Datasheet FUJITSU Software Interstage XWandDatasheetFUJITSU SoftwareInterstage XWand V13Interstage XWand is a complete solution for creating, validating, reading and enriching XBRL.Interstage XWand V13Interstage XWand V13 marks the first commercial implementation of the Table Linkbase specification, which has been adopted in new taxonomies provided by EBA and EIOPA. Interstage XWand V13 also includes the improved, high-performance Formula processor to handle large instance documents. This release provides application developers with more power and flexibility while providing the tools users greater usability and agility in working with XBRL.About Interstage XWandInterstage XWand is a complete solution that allows you to create, review, modify, validate and convert XBRL taxonomies and instances. Interstage XWand is for everyone –users wanting to start quickly working with XBRL through the packaged tools as well as application developers wanting to create XBRL based solutions through a rich API. Interstage XWand allows users to create business rules and multiple views of their XBRL documents and automatically manage changes. Interstage XWand facilitates organizations to make XBRL in integral part of their reporting process through:∙Support for the complete XBRL specification ∙Creating and viewing of Inline XBRL (including native support of upcoming ESMA filing requirements)∙Tagging of MS Excel and MS Word documents∙EDGAR Filer Manual, Global Filer Manual and ESMA Filer Manual validation∙High-performance Formula engine ∙Table Linkbase support∙business user-friendly XBRL reportcreation for all Table Linkbase-basedtaxonomies like those of EBA/EIOPA by GUItools and via auto-generated Excel forms –perfect alternative for T4U users.PRODUCT FEATURESGuranteeing XBRL ComplianceInterstage XWand V13 builds on thecapabilities of previous versions to extendits enviable reputation in complying with thelatest XBRL specification requirements.Interstage XWand V13 supports the TableLinkbase specification and provides data modelAPI that represents the rendered tablesaccording to the definition of Table Linkbase.Table Linkbase specification is built on theexisting XBRL specifications such asDimensions and Formula, which Interstage XWandcompletely supports from earlier versions;making our Table Linkbase implementation veryreliable.Adherence to Complex RulesInterstage XWand V13 provides high-performance Formula processor, which canprocess large instance documents. This allowsusers to define their own business rules tovalidate documents irrespective of complexityand size; ensuring complete adherence to theneeds of the regulators and the business.Interstage XWand V13 supports automatedvalidation based on the Global Filing Manual,which defines the common rules filers mustpass before submitting their reports.Interstage XWand V13 supports the latest EDGARFiler Manual rules, so companies can ensuretheir documents comply with the SEC'srequirements completely.Integration with Business SystemsThe powerful and robust XBRL processor and APIof Interstage XWand V13 are available for .NETand Java platforms; allowing organizations tofully integrate XBRL into their existingbusiness systems. It also allows softwarevendors to build fully compliant XBRLapplications.Cloud PlatformInterstage XWand ToolkitUsers can select from a complete range of XBRL tools which best suit their requirements. Windows 10, Windows 10 x64 – Pro or EnterpriseWindows 8.1 , Windows 8.1 x64 – Pro or EnterpriseWindows 7, Windows 7 x64 – Enterprise, Ultimate or ProfessionalInterstage XWand Application DeveloperAn Application Programming Interface (API) which allows organizations and solution providers to XBRL-enable applications in Java or .NET environments. Windows 10, Windows 10 x64 – Pro or EnterpriseWindows 8.1 , Windows 8.1 x64 – Pro or EnterpriseWindows 7, Windows 7 x64 – Enterprise, Ultimate or ProfessionalInterstage XWand RuntimeEnables applications developed using Interstage XWand Application Developer to be deployed to multi-user environments. Windows Server 2016 - Standard or Datacenter Edition Fujitsu Global Cloud Platform Windows Server 2012 R2 – Standard or Datacenter EditionOracle Solaris 11, 10Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, 6, 5Datasheet FUJITSU Software Interstage XWandNEW IN XWAND V13XBRL REVIEW⏹ Easy XBRL report creation for Table Linkbase-based taxonomies like those ofEBA/EIOPA by GUI tools and Auto-generated Excel forms⏹ Taxonomy creation including Formula and Table Linkbase by integrated GUI tools ⏹ Performance improvement of the Formula processing for large instance documents ⏹ API for rendered table based on Table Linkbase definition ⏹ Support for the Global Filing Manual validationXBRL CREATION⏹ Best environment to reliably and completely create XBRL taxonomies and theirextensions including Dimensios, Formula, and Table Linkbase⏹ Enhanced support to create XBRL and Inline XBRL instances in full compliancewith the guidelines of the respective regulators⏹ Strong integration with the latest Microsoft Word and Microsoft Exceldocuments expedites and automates the largely repeatable creation of reports⏹ Customizable user interface gives users total control over the look & feel ofthe tools⏹ Powerful search, multiple views and customizablereports provide full XBRLaccess for the accountant, the financial report expert as well as the uninitiatedXBRL VALIDATION⏹ Check the form as well as content of the XBRL documents incorporating theXBRL 2.1, Dimensions and Inline XBRL specifications⏹ Use Formula for defining custom, business specific rules for validatinginstances⏹ Support for validating large instance documents⏹ Regulator specific validations including the EDGAR Filing Manual from the SEC(US)and the Inline XBRL Guidelines from the HMRC (UK)⏹ Support for compliance with best practices through the incorporation of FRTAand FRIS rules as well as the Global Filing Manual validation⏹ Additional support for creating custom validations through Fujitsu's own Querylanguage⏹ Support viewing of documents based on the schema order or one of the linkbases in a well-structured tabular format⏹ Allow users to review inline XBRL documents along with the detail information of taxonomies ⏹ Support for the SEC Previewer provides access to the regulator (SEC)- specified viewingguidelines⏹ Allow users to define and customize reporting views for transforming the XBRL documentsinto HTML and/or Excel spreadsheets⏹ Allow users to define their own custom filters and views of the documents using Fujitsu'spowerful Query interface⏹ Facilitate collaboration between users through the support of user comments to eachcomponent of XBRL dataUSER BENEFITS⏹ Novice and power users alike can create, extend and validate taxonomies and financialreports with a minimum of time and effort⏹ Users can easily create XBRL reports for EBA, EIOPA, or Table Linkbase-based taxonomiesby user friendly GUI tool supporting Excel import/export.⏹ Users can easily build a system or an application based on the Table Linkbase using APIthat represents rendered tables⏹ Business rules created with Formula ensure that reporting organizations can fully validatetheir documents, even if they are very large, before filing with full transparency and visibility into the rules⏹ Users can continue to create financial reports in a format (Microsoft Word and MicrosoftExcel) that they are familiar with and then automatically generate XBRL documents from these documents⏹ Organizations submitting filings can validate their filings against all the automatableSEC rules, the Inline XBRL guidelines for submissions to the HMRC, and the Global Filing Manual⏹ Users can automatically migrate their instances from previous filings and previoustaxonomies to the new regulatory taxonomies and extensions alike by utilizing VersioningIn addition to Interstage XWand, Fujitsu provides a range of platform solutions. They combine reliable Fujitsu products with the best in services, know-how and worldwide partnerships.Dynamic InfrastructuresWith the Fujitsu Dynamic Infrastructures approach, Fujitsu offers a full portfolio of IT products, solutions and services, ranging from clients to datacenter solutions, Managed Infrastructure and Infrastructure-as-a-Service.Software/software/⏹ Interstage: Application infrastructure softwareComputing products/global/services/computing/⏹ PRIMERGY: Industrial standard server ⏹ SPARC Enterprise: UNIX server⏹ PRIMEQUEST: Mission-critical IA server ⏹ ETERNUS: Storage systemLearn more about Interstage XWand, please contact your Fujitsu sales representative, Fujitsu business partner, or visit our website. /interstage/Fujitsu Green Policy Innovation is our worldwide project for reducing burdens on the environment. Using our global know-how, we aim to resolve issues of environmental energy efficiency through IT. Please find further information at: /global/about/environment/ContactCenter of Excellence for EMEA Region FQS Poland Ltd. (FUJITSU Group) Address: Parkowa 11 Street 30-538 Krakow, PolandEmail:***********Tel. (+48 12) 429 43 45Website: www.fqs.pl/en/finance/products© Copyright 2017 FUJITSU Limited. Fujitsu, the Fujitsu logo, Interstage, and XWand are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of Fujitsu Limited in Japan and other countries.XBRL is a trademark or service mark of XBRL International, Inc., registered in the United States and in other countries. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Technical data is subject to modification and delivery is subject to availability. Any liability that the data and illustrations are complete, actual or correct is excluded. Designations may be trademarks and/or copyrights of the respective manufacturer, the use of which by third parties for their own purposes may infringe the rights of such owner.。
XBee XBee-PRO OEM 远程无线链路快速启动指南说明书
Quick Start GuideCreate long range wireless links in minutes!XBee™/XBee-PRO™ OEM Development KitsIntroductionRange Test SetupPoint-to-point Range TestPoint-to-multipoint NetworksAddressing ConsiderationsIntroductionThis Quick Start Guide provides step-by-step instruction on how to setup wireless links and test the modules’ ability to transport data over varying ranges and conditions. This guide illustrates how to setup and run a point-to-point range test; then how to expand into a point-to-multipoint topology.Required Components(2) OEM RF Modules (any combination of XBee & XBee-PRO Modules)(1) USB Interface Board* (for interfacing between an RF module & host PC)(1) RS-232 Interface Board (for looping data back to the base from a remote)(1) PC (Windows 2000 or XP) with an available USB (or RS-232*) port.Required installations: X-CTU Software & USB drivers (Note: Drivers for LINUX and Mac OS X are provided on the CD, but the X-CTU Software will only run on Windows.)Accessories (1 USB Cable, 1 Serial Loopback Adapter [RED] & 1 power supply)* XBee Professional Developer Kits (XB24-PDK) contain four RS-232 boards. An RS-232 board (w/ RS-232 cable & power supply) can be used in lieu of the USB option.Range Test SetupInstall X-CTU SoftwareThe X-CTU Software interface is divided into the four following tabs:•PC Settings - Setup PC serial com ports to interface with the RF module •Range Test - Test the range of wireless links under varying conditions •Terminal - Read/Set RF module parameters and monitor data communications • Modem Configuration - Read/Set RF module parametersSoftware InstallationsSoftware Installations (continued)Install USB Drivers (Hardware USB Bus & Virtual Com Port drivers)Hardware SetupSetup Point-to-point Wireless Data LinkPoint-to-point Range TestRun Range TestUse the “PC Settings” and “Range Test” tabs of the X-CTU Software to:• Setup a PC Serial Com Port for communications with the BASE module assembly • Determine the range capabilities of the XBee/XBee-PRO ModulesThe out-of-box default configuration of the module is optimal for running this range test.Point-to-multipoint NetworksPoint-to-multipoint topologies require that one BASE module be configured to operate in Broadcast Mode [see ‘Addressing Considerations’ section]. REMOTE modules can operate either in Broadcast or Unicast Mode. The figure below depicts a typical point-to-multipoint network that contains one BASE (Broadcast Mode) and four REMOTES (Unicast Mode).RF Module ConfigurationTo configure RF module parameters:• Install X-CTU Software (& USB drivers if connecting to the host via a USB port)• Setup a USB or RS-232 connection between the module and host PC [page 2]• On the X-CTU “PC Settings” tab [Figure 2]: Verify com port and module settings match; then select the PC com port that will be used to connect to the BASE • On the X-CTU “Modem Configuration” tab: Select the ‘Read’ button, modify parameters, then select the ‘Write’ button.This is one of several configuration methods. Refer to the manual for more information. Addressing ConsiderationsUnicast ModeBy default, XBee/XBee-PRO Modules are configured to operate in Unicast Mode -retries are enabled and receiving modules send an ACK (acknowledgement) of RFpacket reception to the transmitter. If the transmitting module does not receive anACK, it re-sends the RF data packet up to three times or until the ACK is received.Default addressing parameters:MY (16-bit Source Address) = 0DL (Destination Address Low) = 0DH (Destination Address High) = 0Broadcast ModeFor one RF module to communicate to many modules, one module (BASE) must beconfigured to operate in Broadcast Mode. When in Broadcast Mode, retries andacknowledgements are disabled. Broadcast Mode is enabled by setting DestinationAddresses as follows:DL (Destination Address Low) = 0x00000000DH (Destination Address High) = 0x0000FFFFRefer to the product manual for more information regarding addressing.Contact MaxStream (Office hours are 8am – 5pm U.S. Mountain standard time) Phone:(801)765-9885,LiveChat:,E-mail:***********************。
Digi XBee3 Zigbee 迁移指南说明书
Digi XBee3 Zigbee Migration Guide Migration from XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) toDigi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0November 2017900022591Introduction (3)2What’s new (3)3Specification considerations (3)4Part number migration guide (5)5Micro options - new to Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 (5)6Pin signals (5)7Configuration (6)8Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 functional migration considerations (6)9Examples (7)9.1OTA firmware update (7)9.2Security (9)Introduction1Digi has updated and ported its XBee Zigbee firmware from the XBee/XBee-PRO ZB(S2C) hardware based on the SiLabs EM357 SoC, to the Digi XBee3 (Micro)hardware based on the SiLabs EFR32 SoC.This guide will assist you with migration to the new platform. While basic functionalityand communication are similar and compatible, there are some differences toconsider. This newer platform provides several major advantages over the existingplatform, which we describe in this guide, along with other migration considerations. 2The Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 introduces some new features such as:•Addition of the “Micro” form factor•Introduction of Zigbee 3.0 support•New, more reliable and secure, over-the-air (OTA) firmware update process with image signature and verification support•Capable of firmware migration to DigiMesh™, Digi 802.15.4, and Threadprotocols, when available•Lower operating receive current•Power on channel 26 is increased on the PRO and power cap on channel 26 is removed for non-PRO3XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) to Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 (Micro)Indoor/urban range Up to 60 m (200 ft) Up to 60 m (200 ft) SameOutdoor RF line-of sight Up to 1200 m (4000 ft) Up to 1200 m (4000 ft) SameTransmit power output 6.3 mW (+8 dBm), boostmode3.1 mW (+5 dBm),normal modeChannel 26 max poweris +3 dBm 6.3 mW (+8 dBm) No power cap on channel26Receive sensitivity -102 dBm, boost mode-100 dBm, normal mode -103 dBm Comparable to boostmodeSpecification considerationsOperating current (transmit) 45 mA (+8 dBm, boostmode)33 mA (+5 dBm, normalmode)40 mA @ +3.3V, +8dBm Lower operating current vsboost modeOperating current (receive) 31 mA (boost mode)28 mA (normal mode)15 mA ImprovedSupply voltage 2.7 – 3.6 V 2.1 - 3.6 V Larger voltage range FCC ID MCQ-S2C MCQ-XBEE3 Customer will need tochange the label on theend product to show theappropriate regulatory IDfor the XBee3Industry Canada (IC) ID 1846A-XBS2C 1846A-XBEE3Indoor/urban range Up to 90 m (300 ft) Up to 90 m (300 ft) SameOutdoor RF line-of sight Up to 3200 m (2 mi) Up to 3200 m (2 mi) SameTransmit power output 63 mW (+18 dBm)Channel 26 max poweris +1 dBm 79 mW (+19 dBm)Channel 26 max poweris +8 dBmPower on channel 26 isincreasedReceive sensitivity -101 dBm -103 dBm Better sensitivityOperating current (transmit) **********,+18dBm135 mA @ +3.3 V, +19dBmComparableOperating current (receive) 31 mA (Boost mode)28 mA (Normal mode)15 mA ImprovedSupply voltage 2.7 – 3.6 V 2.1 - 3.6 V Larger voltage range FCC ID MCQ-PS2C MCQ-XBEE3 Customer will need tochange the label on theend product to show theappropriate regulatoryID for the XBee3 Industry Canada (IC) ID 1846A-PS2CSM 1846A-XBEE3Part number migration guide4The following table shows which Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 to migrate to depending onwhich XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) module you are currently using.XB24CZ7SIT-004XBee3, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, SMA Ant, TH MT(coming soon) XB3-24Z8ST-J XB24CZ7UIT-004 XBee3, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, U.FL Ant, TH MT (coming soon) XB3-24Z8UT-J XB24CZ7PIT-004 XBee3, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, PCB Ant, TH MT (coming soon) XB3-24Z8PT-J XBP24CZ7SIT-004 XBee3 PRO, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, SMA Ant, TH MT (coming soon) XB3-24Z8ST XBP24CZ7UIT-004 XBee3 PRO, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, U.FL Ant, TH MT (coming soon) XB3-24Z8UT XBP24CZ7PIT-004 XBee3 PRO, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, PCB Ant, TH MT (coming soon) XB3-24Z8PT XB24CZ7RIS-004 XBee3, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, RF Pad Ant, SMT XB3-24Z8RS-J XB24CZ7UIS-004 XBee3, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, U.FL Ant, SMT XB3-24Z8US-J XB24CZ7PIS-004 XBee3, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, PCB Ant, SMT XB3-24Z8PS-J XBP24CZ7RIS-004 XBee3 PRO, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, RF Pad Ant, SMT XB3-24Z8RS XBP24CZ7UIS-004 XBee3 PRO, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, U.FL Ant, SMT XB3-24Z8US XBP24CZ7PIS-004 XBee3 PRO, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, PCB Ant, SMT XB3-24Z8PS5XB3-24Z8RM-J XBee3, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, RF Pad Ant, MMTXB3-24Z8UM-J XBee3, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, U.FL Ant, MMTXB3-24Z8CM-J XBee3, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, Chip Ant, MMTXB3-24Z8RM XBee3 PRO, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, RF Pad Ant, MMTXB3-24Z8UM XBee3 PRO, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, U.FL Ant, MMTXB3-24Z8CM XBee3 PRO, 2.4 GHz ZB 3.0, Chip Ant, MMT6The Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 will be released initially in two different form factors, SurfaceMount (SMT) and the newly introduced XBee3 Micro (MMT). The SMT version is pincompatible with existing XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) SMT hardware. This hardware is drop-in replaceable. In order to fit all necessary pin connections on the XBee3 Micro, three pins on the SMT were removed and the remaining pins were shifted. These pins were unused on the SMT module. See the XBee3 Hardware Reference Manual for more information.Configuration7The Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 family of modules will enable the user to reconfigure thefirmware as new protocol support is released. Future protocols supported on theXBee3 hardware may include Digi’s proprietary implementation of the IEEE 802.15.4protocol, DigiMesh 2.4, and Thread. Using XCTU, you can load the appropriatefirmware to fit your current needs within the regulatory guidance of the region ofdeployment. See the XBee3 Zigbee User Guide for more information.8The Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 module was designed to provide support for the Zigbee3.0 specification. Some of the default configurations have changed to comply withZigbee 3.0 requirements. See the XBee3 Zigbee User Guide for details. Some ofthese changes include:•Over-the-air firmware updates now use ZCL frames. The firmware image will store and only boot to the new image, if it is complete. Firmware images will only boot ifthey are authentic, signed images from Digi. Firmware updates are no longerhandled exclusively in the bootloader. There is no requirement for neighbor nodesin order to perform the update.•The ATEO command now defaults to 2 to act as a Centralized Trust Center network. For increased security, when encryption is enabled (ATEE=1), themodule will default to Centralized Trust Center.•The ATNJ command now defaults to 0xFE. This will limit the module’s ability to allow other devices to join to 254s. The Zigbee 3.0 standard does not allow for anopen network. To always allow joining, you must set ATNJ=FF explicitly.•The ATDO command now defaults to 0x40 to enable a high RAM concentrator.This effectively does what the XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) was already doing forsmall networks. Use this setting for networks of 40 nodes or less. When usingSource routing, routes will be stored on the module instead of requiring the use ofan external micro to store route records.•In Zigbee 3.0, NULL Transport keys are no longer allowed. As such, ATDO bit 3 is deprecated.•The Enable Best Response Joining option moved from ATDO bit 2 to ATDC bit 3.•Coordinator operation is no longer supported in a Distributed Trust Center(ATEE=1, ATEO=0) security model. This means that the 64-bit default address of0x0000000000000000 should not be used to communicate to the “Coordinator”.Use the full EUI64 bit address instead.• A new ATKT command lets you set the Trust Center link key registration timeout.• A new ATI? command provides a random install code for the device to use during Trust Center registration to generate a link key.•Enable Joiner Global Link Key (ATDC bit 0) has been removed for Zigbee 3.0 security, and this bit now enables using the install code as link key.•The ADC voltage reference changed from 1.2 V to 1.25 V.•Mark Parity UART support has been removed.•Some parameters have changed position in XCTU for usability.•The SPI operation is not currently supported.•Please see the firmware release notes for additional details.99.1 OTA firmware updateThe firmware update process has changed on the Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0. TheXBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) module required a source, updater, and target node.Under certain circumstances, nodes could be put in bootloader mode, and weretherefore unavailable on the network. Additionally, if the firmware upload wasinterrupted at any point in the update process, the target module would then need tobe “recovered”. This can be very taxing on a network, especially across multiple hops.The OTA firmware update process has been improved on the Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0module. First, the firmware update requires only the use of a server (node sending thefirmware file), and a client node (node receiving the firmware file).The firmware image is sent in blocks using standard Zigbee Cluster Library (ZCL)frames. These frames are supported using the 0x11 Explicit Transmit Frame. Theclient device never goes offline. The image is simply stored in an internal flash slot ofthe module’s memory. Once the entire firmware file has been uploaded, the client canswitch to the new firmware image. If at any point in the process the transfer wasinterrupted, the image will simply not pass a security check and the module will notboot into the new image.The radio serving up the firmware image can be either a Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 orXBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C). However, since the XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) requiresthat another XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) be a nearest neighbor to act as the updaternode, there is some limitation as to how nodes can be updated in a mixed network.The image below describes how it is determined whether nodes in a mixed networkarrangement can be updated from a single firmware image server. The image servercan be either Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 or XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C). S2C modulesmust be within range of another S2C module to be updated.9.2 SecurityDigi makes it easy to find the right level of security for your specific application,ranging from a completely open and unencrypted network, to a high security model with out-of-band commissioning. The Zigbee 3.0 standard default requires a higher security model than what is currently default on the XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C). Inorder to better support Zigbee 3.0, the default configurations have changed.An open network is one in which other Zigbee devices are allowed to join. Joining is enabled using the ATNJ command. The XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) for the ATNJcommand is NJ=0xFF. This setting indefinitely enables joining to other nodes which pass the security model settings used. However, Zigbee 3.0 does not support anopen joining model. To meet this requirement, the ATNJ command has a new default setting of NJ=0xFE. This generous joining window still allows other devices to join to the network through that node, while closing the window after 254s. The join window can be reopened again at any time with an ATCB2. If the joining window must beopened indefinitely, ATNJ can be configured to the old default, but this is notrecommended.The ATEE command controls enabling encryption on a network. In a completely open network, ATEE is not enabled, and no security is employed. The ATNJ commandrestricts the join time to this type of network, but no other changes will affect a Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 joining and communicating in this type of network.Once encryption is enabled via the ATEE=1 command, the level of security employed will primarily depend on the ATEO setting. The Digi XBee3 Zigbee 3.0 default forATEO has changed to 2, which enables a Centralized Trust Center for keymanagement.The default for XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) is ATEO=0, which is a Distributed Trust Center model. If no ATEO option was used in XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C), then ATEO must be explicitly set to match the XBee/XBee-PRO ZB (S2C) default.With the XBee 3, in a “Distributed Trust Center” model,the network forms on thedevice that has ATCE=1, and there is no coordinator on the network. (The deviceforms the network as a router.) This means any traffic should be directed to the actual EUI64 address.。
XBee Grove Development Board 用户指南说明书
XBee Grove Development BoardFeedbackTo provide feedback on this document,email your comments to*****************Include the document title and part number(XBee Grove Development Board User Guide,90001457-13V)in the subject line of your email.Overview Development board variants Development board variantsThe THT and SMT are the two variants of the board.XBee THT Grove Development BoardXBee SMT Grove Development BoardXBee surface-mount(SMT) Grove development board This picture shows the XBee SMT Grove development board and the table that follows explains the callouts in the picture.Overview XBee through-hole(TH)Grove development board XBee through-hole(TH)Grove development boardThis picture shows the XBee TH Grove development board and the table that follows explains thecallouts in the picture.Overview XBee through-hole(TH)Grove development boardOverview Mechanical MechanicalThere are two variants of the XBee Grove Development Board:n THT variant is48.8mm x66mmn SMT variant is53.68mm x72.60mm with a shape similar to a regular XBee module.The board provides four3.2mm assembly drills.XBee THT Grove Development Board variantXBee SMT Grove Development Board variantOverview Power supply XBee SMT Grove Development BoardOverview XBee connectorUSBThe XBee Grove Development Board includes a micro USB connector and an FT232RL USB to RS-232 converter to communicate with the serial port of the XBee.A green LED and a yellow LED show the status of the TX and RX lines.The hardware flow control signals of the XBee(XBee_RTS and XBee_CTS)connect to the FT232RLdevice.Two serial or resistors disconnect the flow control of the chip if this functionality is not needed.The XBEE_DTR_N signal is also connected to the FT232chip.XCTU uses this signal to enter in the boot loader and recover the module from incorrect firmware.A configurable OR resistor disconnects thissignal if the functionality is not needed.A three-pin jumper configures the serial port in a loopback mode,connecting the RX and TX linestogether.When you close positions1and2,the serial port is configured in normal mode and the serial port of the XBee is connected to the micro USB connector.If you close positions2and3,the serialport works in loopback mode and the data transmitted by the XBee connects to the RX pin.The USB connector also powers the board through the VBUS line.XBee THT Grove Development Board USBXBee SMT Grove Development Board USBUSB VBUS lineThe following graphic illustrates how the USB powers the board through the VBUS line.Overview Reset button Reset buttonThe XBee Grove Development Board has a reset button to reboot the XBee module.XBee THT Grove Development Board Reset buttonXBee SMT Grove Development Board Reset buttonCommissioning buttonThe XBee Grove Development Board has a push button connected to the commissioning pin of the XBee module.The commissioning pin of the XBee is also connected to the Grove AD0connector.You can use the commissioning push button in Zigbee or DigiMesh to help deploy devices in a network.XBee THT Grove Development Board Commissioning buttonXBee SMT Grove Development Board Commissioning buttonCommissioning pin and Grove AD0connectionOverview Association led Association ledThe XBee Grove Development Board provides an LED connected to the association pin of the XBeemodule.XBee THT Grove Development Board Association LEDXBee SMT Grove Development Board Association LEDRSSI ledThe XBee Grove Development Board provides an LED connected to the RSSI/PWM0pin of the XBee module.The RSSI/PWM signal is also connected to the PWM Grove connector.If the PWM0pin(P0)is configured as RSSI,the brightness of this LED displays the signal strength of the last packet received.XBee THT Grove Development Board RSSI LEDXBee SMT Grove Development Board RSSI LEDPWM0RSSI configurationUserAlthough the user LED and user button share the same pin,you can use only one at a time.XBee SMT Grove DevelopmentUser LED and User Button connectionThe following graphic illustrates the connectionDIO4.On/sleep LEDThe XBee Grove Development Board provides an LED connected to the On/Sleep pin(DIO9).This LED is on when the XBee module is awake,and off when it is asleep.XBee THT Grove Development Board On/Sleep LEDXBee SMT Grove Development Board On/Sleep LEDOn/sleep LED connection to DIO9The following graphic illustrates the connection between the on/sleep LED and the On/sleep pin,DIO9.PotentiometerThe XBee Grove Development Board provides a10K potentiometer to generate analog signal between3.3V and0V.You can use the jumper to disconnect the3.3V supply from the potentiometer to save power when not in use.XBee THT Grove Development Board PotentiometerThe output of the potentiometer is connected to the AD3pin(D3)of the XBee in the THT board.XBee SMT Grove Development Board PotentiometerThe output of the potentiometer is connected to AD2pin(D2)of the XBee in the SMT board.I2CThe XBee Grove Development Board provides an I2C bus that you can use with XBee programmable modules.XBee THT Grove Development Board I2C busXBee SMT Grove Development Board I2C busXBee/XBee-PRO connection to Grove sensorRegular XBee/XBee-PRO modules do not provide an I2C bus,but you can connect a digital Grovesensor.Grove ConnectorsThe XBee Grove Development Board provides several Grove connectors connected to the XBee pins: n THT boards include six Grove connectors:l Two connectors to digital I/O pinsl Two connectors to two digital/analog I/O pinsl One connector to the RSSI/PWM0pinl One connector to the I2C bus of the microcontroller placed in the socket(programmable XBee)n SMT boards include eight Grove connectors:l Four connectors to digital I/O pinsl Two connectors to two digital/analog I/O pinsl One connector to the RSSI/PWM0pinl One connector to the I2C bus of the microcontroller placed in the socket(programmable XBee)For more information about Grove sensors and actuators for use with these connectors see the Seed Studio wiki.Overview Loopback jumper Loopback jumperThe XBee Grove Development Board provides a three-pin jumper to connect the UART to the USB(normal mode)or to make a loopback connection between the RX and TX signals of the UART.In loopback mode,connect the RX line to the TX line,which transmits back any data received.You can use loopback in transparent mode to check the signal strength and perform a range test.XBee THT Grove Development Board Loopback jumperXBee SMT Grove Development Board Loopback jumperXBee Grove Development Board User Guide41。
杰迪 XBee 应用指南：从 XBee-PRO XSC(S3) 迁移到 XBee-PRO XSC(S
Digi XBee Application NoteMigration from XBee-PRO XSC (S3) to XBee-PRO XSC (S3B)This guide will assist you with migrating from the XBee-PRO XSC (S3) to the XBee-PRO XSC (S3B). Even though the function of these radios is basically the same; the following sections list some of the basic hardware and software differences between the radios. In addition, the guide lists what you need to consider when migrating from the XBee-PRO XSC (S3) to the XBee-PRO XSC (S3B).Hardware ConsiderationsThe following chart lists the major hardware differences between the XBee-PRO XSC (S3) and the XBee-PRO XSC (S3B).Software ConsiderationsThe following chart lists the major software differences between the XBee-PRO XSC (S3) and the XBee-PRO XSC (S3B).ConfigurationThe XBee-PRO XSC (S3B) has all of the same features as the XBee-PRO XSC (S3) plus some new features such as:∙MY (Source Address)∙MD (RF Mode)∙PK (RF Packet Size)∙PL (RF Power Level)∙RB (Packetization Threshold)∙RZ (DI Buffer Size)Use of the new features may cause incompatibility between S3 and S3B modules in a network. If full backward compatibility is required with your S3 network, keep these new features at default. All of these new features are described in more detail in the XBee-PRO XSC product manual.。
xbench用法 -回复
xbench用法-回复XBench是一款广泛用于软件本地化和质量管理的工具。
它为翻译者和本地化团队提供了一种有效的方式来评估翻译质量、术语一致性和语法准确性。
本文将逐步介绍XBench的使用方法和功能，帮助读者更好地了解和使用这个工具。
第一步：下载和安装XBench要使用XBench，首先需要下载并安装它。
在XBench官方网站上，可以找到针对Windows和macOS操作系统的安装程序。
选择适合自己操作系统的版本，下载并按照安装程序的指示进行安装。
第二步：启动XBench安装完成后，可以在计算机上找到XBench的快捷方式或者在开始菜单中搜索“XBench”来启动它。
双击快捷方式或者单击搜索结果即可打开XBench主界面。
第三步：设置工作目录启动XBench后，首先需要设置工作目录。
点击主界面上方的“文件”菜单，选择“设置工作目录”。
在弹出的对话框中，选择一个文件夹作为工作目录。
XBench将在该文件夹中创建一个新的文件夹，用于存储所有相关文件和项目。
第四步：创建一个新项目在主界面的左侧窗格中，可以看到一个“项目”选项卡。
点击它，然后单击窗口右侧的“新建”按钮，创建一个新项目。
在弹出的对话框中，可以为项目命名，并选择源语言和目标语言。
此外，还可以选择项目类型和其他相关设置。
完成设置后，点击“确定”按钮创建项目。
第五步：导入资源一旦项目创建成功，接下来就需要导入要处理的资源。
资源可以是软件的界面文本、帮助文件、文档、甚至是网站内容等。
要导入资源，点击主界面上方的“资源”菜单，选择“导入资源”。
在弹出的对话框中，选择要导入的文件或文件夹，并设置相关选项。
点击“确定”按钮开始导入资源。
第六步：设置检查规则一旦资源导入完成，就可以开始进行质量检查了。
点击主界面上方的“检查”菜单，选择“规则管理器”。
在弹出的对话框中，可以看到已经加载的所有检查规则。
根据需要，可以启用或禁用规则，并进行其他相关设置。
点击“确定”按钮保存设置。
Digi XBee 模块操作说明
Digi XBee 模块操作说明digixbee模块操作说明本文旨在帮助初次使用digi公司的xbee无线模块快速熟悉产品和操作配置方法。
模块操作以zigbee协议为例，其它无线协议方法类似，具体请查看相关模块的产品说明书。
一、采用前的准备工作工作请选择yes，以下载digi模块产品的固件库，这样在操作不同模块时，x-ctu能识别最新固件的模块，并显示相应的at命令集。
下载过程较长，大约需15-30分钟。
采用digi的底板调试程序，其中usbUSB的xbib－u研发底板需装驱动程序，如果操作系统没自动识别，恳请至下面地址浏览：安装好驱动后，将模块产品接上电脑，打开x-ctu，在pcsettings标签下，就可以看到对应的串口，就可以对模块进行at命令或api命令帧方式操作。
二、两种工作模式at模式at模式也叫做透传模式，就是硝普钠按签订合同的方式步入命令模式外，xbee模块的串行口总是工作在传输模式下，将所接到的数据通过无线的方式播发往目标地址。
工作在at模式下，用户可以通过输出+++去步入命令模式，在命令模式下，输出at命令可以被立即继续执行，并回到继续执行结果。
在命令模式expected过一定时间没任何存有命令，则可以回到传输模式。
该超时时间可以通过at命令设置。
api模式api模式是xbee模块的最主要工作模式，在该模式下通过向xbee串行口发送包含地址和数据的命令帧，从而转为无线的方式发往目的地址。
api模式中数据输入方式，api模式中有个at命令参数ao，同意如何表明接到的命令帧，可以就是仅输入0x90发送帧格式数据（对应0x10发送数据命令帧），也可以输入完备的0x91发送帧格式（对应0x11明晰串行发送数据命令）。
这样，在zigbee协议中，可以将aps应用领域积极支持子层的数据从串口中以获取，从而积极支持相同的profile应用领域。
对zigbee模块的i/o口操作方式，也就可以通过api方式。
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XBee® Drop-in Networking AccessoriesUser’s GuideXBee RS-232 AdapterXBee RS-485 AdapterXBee Analog I/O AdapterXBee Digital I/O AdapterXBee USB AdapterXStickXBee Wall RouterXBee Smart PlugXBee Sensors90000891_C©2009 Digi International Inc. All Rights Reserved.Digi, Digi International, the Digi logo, ConnectPort, Watchport, XBee, and XBee-PRO are trademarks or registered trademarks of Digi International, Inc. in the United States and other countries worldwide.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Digi International.Digi provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or changes in this manual or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time.This product could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes may be incorporated in new editions of the publication.C o n t e n t s Chapter 1General information (4)About this guide (4)Additional product information and resources (5)Hardware changes between 9-30V and 3-6V adapter models (6)Powering options for adapters (6)Antenna considerations (7)Product compatibility and differences among XBee RF protocols (8)Compatibility (8)Product support and availability by XBee RF protocol (8)Network association (9)Commissioning and identity behaviors (10)Power levels of XBee radios (13)Duty cycle for XBee 868 module (15)Chapter 2XBee RS-232 Adapter (16)Chapter 3XBee RS-485 Adapter (19)Chapter 4XBee Analog I/O Adapter (23)Chapter 5XBee Digital I/O Adapter (31)Chapter 6XBee USB Adapter (39)Chapter 7XStick (41)Chapter 8XBee Wall Router (43)Chapter 9XBee Smart Plug (46)Chapter 10XBee Sensors (51)Chapter 11Configure XBee RF module settings (54)Configuration with a ConnectPort X gateway (54)Configuration without a gateway (59)Chapter 12Hardware specifications (60)XBee Adapters (60)XStick (62)XBee Wall Router (64)Integrated sensors for XBee Wall Router (65)XBee Smart Plug (66)Integrated sensors for XBee Smart Plug (67)XBee Sensors (68)Integrated sensors for XBee Sensors (68)Chapter 13Safety statements (69)Chapter 1G e n e r a l i n f o r m a t i o n This section includes information that applies to allXBee®Drop-in Networking Accessories.About this guideThis guide describes the features and functions of allXBee Drop-in Networking Accessories for all XBee module protocols,including adapters, routers, sensors, and associated products.It includes connection and setup information, pinouts, configuration, dataretrieval, and LEDs and buttons.Software programming for XBee Drop-in Networking Accessories iscovered on product pages within the Digi Developer Community Wiki; seenext page for more information and location of these pages.Questions and technical supportFor technical assistance with your product, contact Digi Technical Supportat: 877-912-3444 or make an online support request at:/support/index.jspAdditional product information and resourcesProduct data sheets, user’s guides, and product manualsLocate more information, including datasheets, XBee product manuals,ConnectPort X gateway product information, etc. on these pages:/products/wirelessdropinnetworking//din/docsSoftware development resourcesDigi provides several resources to help you get started developing softwaresolutions in Python:Digi Developer Community WikiThe Digi Developer Community Wiki is a place to learn about developingsolutions using Digi's communications portfolio, software and services,including Python, iDigi Platform, iDigi Dia, and more./wiki/developer/index.php/Main_PageEach product’s chapter shows the link to the Wiki page for programmingthe product. For an index page for all XBee Drop-in NetworkingAccessories, go to:/wiki/developer/index.php/Category:Drop-in_Networking_ProductsDigi Python Custom Development Environment pagePython is a dynamic, object-oriented language for developing softwareapplications, from simple programs to complex embedded applications.Python functions can be used to obtain data from attached and integratedsensors on XBee Drop-in Networking Accessories. Find this page at:/technology/drop-in-networking/python.jspDigi Python Programming Guide (90000833)This guide introduces the Python programming language by showing howto create and run a simple Python program. It reviews Python modules,particularly modules with Digi-specific behavior. It describes how to loadand run Python programs onto Digi devices, either through the command-line or web user interfaces, and how to run several sample Pythonprograms. Find this guide at the Digi Python Wiki page--in the Start Heresection, click the link titled Digi Python Programmer's Guide/wiki/developer/index.php/Python_WikiPython Support Forum on Find answers to common questions and exchange ideas and exampleswith other members of the Digi Python development community at:/support/forum/forum.jspa?forumID=104Hardware changes between 9-30V and 3-6V adapter modelsXBee Adapters have undergone some hardware changes since first beinglaunched. Most of the these changes are minor and will have no impact onyour application. However, one important difference relates to supplyvoltage.Originally, XBee Adapters were designed to accept 9-30VDC. In an effort toimprove battery performance, this voltage range has been changed to 3-6VDC.Power supplies used on 9-30VDC XBee Adapters will not work with3-6VDC XBee Adapters, and vice versa. Your XBee Adapter’s propervoltage is printed next to its power port.Plugging in a power supply with the incorrect voltage will damage yourdevice and void your warranty.Several other changes have been implemented in the 3-6VDCXBee Adapter models, including an improved screw-lock connector forXBee RS-485, XBee Digital I/O, and XBee Analog I/O Adapters, andexternal antennas for XBee-PRO Adapters. Contact Technical Support formore details.Powering options for adaptersSome Drop-in Networking Accessories; including the XBee Sensor, XBeeSmart Plug and XBee Wall Router all have necessary powering optionsincluded.XBee Adapter products can be powered by an external power supply orbatteries, purchased separately. To determine how to power your XBeeAdapter, please refer to the specification printed on the side of theenclosure , close to the power port:For additional information, see "Power requirements" on page 60. SpecificationPower Options 3 to 6 VDC Power supply: must be rated 3 to 6 VDC. Digi part number for 5V power supply: XA-ACC-PS5-NRBattery: uses custom lithium battery pack; Digi part number: XA-ACC-CS-L Replacement batteries available for purchase; contact Digi at 952-912-3444.9 to 30 VDCPower supply: must be rated 9 to 30 VDC.; Digi part number for 9V power supply: XA-ACC-PSBattery: uses quantity 3 of 1.5V “N-Cell” alkaline batteries. Can use standard, off-the-shelf, batteries, or Digi part number: XA-ACC-BATTTo install batteries, insert a screwdriver in the slots in the side of the adapter case and twist to snap off the cover. Insert the batteries following the polarity diagram on the board.Warranty exception for batteriesSome XBee Drop-in Networking Accessories ship with alkaline batteriesthat must be replaced by the user when discharged.Lithium batteries must be installed or replaced by qualified servicepersonnel.Alkaline and lithium batteries are not covered under the terms andconditions of the Digi warranty.Antenna considerationsProducts with external antennas should be mounted with the antennaoriented vertically to maximize the range.Products with external antennas use RPSMA antenna connectors.Products without external antennas can be mounted in any orientation.Product compatibility and differences among XBee RF protocolsXBee Drop-in Networking Accessories contain an XBee or XBee-PROmodule, an RF module that performs the wireless communications for yourproduct. Certain RF module behaviors vary by XBee RF protocol. Thissection describes those differences and how they affect product operation.CompatibilityDrop-in Networking Accessories that a particular XBee RF protocol arecompatible with other products that use the same XBee RF protocol only.XBee ZB products will only work with other XBee ZB products, XBee802.15.4 products with other XBee 802.15.4 products, and so on. Thisapplies to gateways as well: ConnectPort X gateway products with anXBee ZB module are compatible with other such gateways, 802.15.4gateways with other such gateways, and so on. Users must standardize onone XBee RF protocol series for operability.Product support and availability by XBee RF protocolProduct availability varies by XBee RF protocol. The table shows the XBeeDrop-in Networking Accessories available for each XBee platform.XBee-PRO 868 availabilityXBee-PRO 868 adapters are available for use in Europe only. Please seethe XBee-PRO 868 OEM RF Modules Product Manual from moreinformation.ProductXBee ZB XBeeZNet2.5a XBee 802.15.4XBee 868XBee DigiMesh900XBee RS-232 Adapter33333XBee RS-485 Adapter33333XBee Analog I/O Adapter33333XBee Digital I/O Adapter33333XBee USB Adapter33 XStick333XBee Wall Router33XBee Smart Plug33XBee Sensors33 XBee Display 33a.New customer deployments should not use the ZNet 2.5 protocol. Instead, use the ZigBee-certified ZB protocol. ZNet, an older protocol based on a “Designed for ZigBee” stack, should only be used where required forcompatibility with previously deployed ZNet 2.5 products.Network associationThe Assc LED indicates the network association status for anXBee Drop-in Networking Accessory in an XBee network.XBee ZB / XBee ZNet 2.5Products used in networks that use a coordinator for network association,the Assc LED indicates network association status as follows:XBee 802.15.4 / XBee 868Products used in networks that do not use a coordinator for networkassociation are not set up to associate, but are configured with a defaultPAN ID and destination address. To maintain LED consistency, onpower-up, these products immediately indicate association by blinking.For more information regarding association options, see the productmanual for the XBee module in your product.XBee DigiMesh 900Products that have been configured in a cyclic sleep-compatible mode usethe Assc LED to indicate the status of the nodes synchronization with thesleeping network. Products that are not configured for sleep use the AsscLED to indicate that they are operating properly.LED statusNetwork association On, solid greenNot associated On, blinking green Successfully joined Sleepcompatible?LED Status Meaning NoOn, blinking green Product is powered and operating properly.YesOn, solid green Product has not synchronized with the network or has lost synchronization with the network.YesOn, slow blinking green (500 mSec blink time)Product is acting as the network sleep coordinator and is operating properly.Yes On, fast blinking green (250 mSec blink time)Product is properly synchronized with the network.Commissioning and identity behaviorsThe Ident button, or, on some products, a combined Reset/Ident button,performs multiple functions to identify and configure the product in an XBeenetwork. The location of this button is shown in each product’s chapter.Button presses and actions for each XBee RF protocol vary follow. Thesedescriptions introduce XBee module concepts and commands. Foradditional information on these concepts and commands, see the productmanual for your XBee module.Consecutive button presses must occur within 800 milliseconds of eachother to perform the desired action.XBee ZB / XBee ZNet 2.5Button pressNetworkassociationAction1Associated If XBee module is asleep, wakes unit for 30 seconds. Sends a Node Identificationbroadcast transmission. All devices that receive this transmission will blink theirAssociate LED rapidly for 1 second. All API devices that receive thistransmission will send a Node Identification frame out their UART (universalasynchronous receiver/transmitter) (API ID 0x95).Unassociated If XBee module is asleep, wakes unit for 30 seconds, then blinks the AI code, anumeric error code on the Assc LED indicating the cause of join failure.1 blink: Scan found no networks (PANs) to join.2 blinks: Scan found no valid PANs based on current settings forSC(Scan Channel) and ID (PAN ID).3 blinks: Valid coordinator or routers were found, but they are not allowingjoining, because the permit join or NJ command expired.7 blinks: Network joining attempt failed.10 blinks: Coordinator Start attempt failed.2Associated Depends on the setting for the permit join (NJ) command for the XBee module.If the XBee module’s NJ command setting is less than 255, two button pressestemporarily enable joining on the XBee module and on the entire XBee networkfor 1 minute.If joining is permanently enabled on a module (NJ = 255), joining remainspermanently enabled, and two button presses have no effect.4Associated/Unassociated XBee module leaves PAN, if associated, and issues a factory reset to restore default parameters in the XBee module.For XBee ZNet 2.5, the default PAN ID is 0x234.For XBee ZB, the default PAN ID is 0 (join any network).XBee 802.15.4Button pressNetworkassociationAction1Associated Cannot wake module, but causes module to remain awake for 30 seconds ifpressed during a sleep interval.Sends a Node Identification broadcast transmission. All devices that receive thistransmission will blink their Associate LED rapidly for 1 second.Unassociated Blinks a numeric error code returned by the ATAI (Association Indication)command on the Assc LED. The AI code indicates the cause of the join failure.See the 802.15.4 XBee module’s Product Manual for descriptions of thesecodes.1 blink: Active scan timeout.2 blinks: Active scan found no PANs.3 blinks: Active scan found PAN, but the Coordinator Allow Association bit is notset.4 blinks: Active scan found a PAN, but Coordinator and End Device are notconfigured to support beacons.5 blinks: Active scan found a PAN, but Coordinator ID (PAN ID) value does notmatch the ID of the End Device.6 blinks: Active Scan found a PAN, but Coordinator CH (Channel) value doesnot match the CH of the End Device.7 blinks: Energy scan timeout.8 blinks: Coordinator start request failed.9 blinks: Coordinator could not start due to invalid parameters.10 blinks: Coordinator Realignment is in progress.11 blinks: Association request not sent.12 blinks: Association request timed out - no reply was received.13 blinks: Association request had an invalid parameter.14 blinks: Association request channel access failure - Request was nottransmitted - CCA failure.15 blinks: Remote Coordinator did not send an ACK after Association Requestwas sent.16 blinks: Remote Coordinator did not reply to the Association Request, but anACK was received after sending the request.17 blinks: [reserved].18 blinks: Sync-Loss - Lost synchronization with a beaconing coordinator.19 blinks: Disassociated - No longer associated to coordinator.2Associated Not supported.4Associated/UnassociatedPerforms an ATRE command to reset the parameters in the XBee module.XBee DigiMesh 900XBee 868Button pressSleepConfiguration and Synch StatusAction1Not configured for sleepImmediately sends a Node Identification broadcast transmission. All devices that receive this transmission will blink their Associate LED rapidly for 1 second. All API devices that receive this transmission will send a Node Identification frame out their UART (API ID 0x95)1Configured for sleepWakes the module for 30 seconds, or until the entire network goes to sleep. Queues a Node Identification broadcast transmission to be sent at the beginning of the next network wake cycle. All devices that receive this transmission will blink their Associate LED rapidly for 1 second. All API devices that receive this transmission will send a Node Identification frame out their UART (API ID 0x95).2Not configured for sleep Not supported.2Configured for sleepCauses a node which is configured with sleeping router nomination enabled to immediately nominate itself as the network sleepcoordinator. For more information on this action, see the description of the ATSO sleep options command in the XBee module’s Product Manual.4EitherIssues an ATRE command to restore module parameters to default values.Button PressAction1Immediately sends a Node Identification broadcast transmission. All devices that receive this transmission will blink their Associate LED rapidly for 1 second. All API devices that receive this transmission will send a Node Identification frame out their UART (API ID 0x95).2Not supported.4Issues an ATRE command to restore module parameters to default values.Power levels of XBee radiosThe transmit power level (PL setting) varies among XBee RF protocols.XBee ZB / XBee ZNet 2.5XBee moduleXBee-PRO moduleXBee-PRO ZB and ZNet 2.5 modules have a fixed power level that cannot be changed.Power LevelConducted power in dBmLowest (0) -8 dBm Low (1) -4 dBm Medium (2) -2dBm High (3) 0 dBm Maximum (4)+2dBmProduct variantFixed conducted power in dBmNorth American +17 dBm International+10 dBmXBee 802.15.4XBee moduleXBee-PRO moduleXBee DigiMesh 900Output power is always: 17 dBm.XBee 868Power LevelConducted Power in dBmLowest (0)-10 dBm Low (1)-6 dBm Medium (2)-4 dBm High (3)-2 dBm Maximum (4)0 dBmPower LevelNorth AmericanvariantInternational variantLowest (0)+10 dBm -3 dBm Low (1)+12 dBm -3 dBm Medium (2)+14 dBm +2 dBm High (3)+16 dBm +8 dBm Maximum (4)+18 dBm+10 dBmPower LevelConducted Power in dBmLowest (0) 0 dBm Low (1) +13.7 dBm Medium (2) +20 dBm a a.These products are currently set to not exceed this power setting:XBee RS-232 Adapter, XBee RS-485Adapter, XBee Analog I/O Adapter,XBee Digital I/O Adapter.High (3) +22 dBm b b.XBee USB Adapter is currently set to not exceed this power setting.Maximum (4)+25 dBmDuty cycle for XBee 868 moduleThe XBee 868 module has constraints regarding the amount of data it cantransmit during a given time period. The duty cycle of this module is 10%averaged over the period of 1 hour. This means that if the nexttransmission will push the running average duty cycle over the 10% limit,the module will not transmit until enough time has elapsed to stay under theduty cycle. Because of heat restraints of the module, a 10% duty cycle overthe period of 1 second will be enforced after the measured temperature ofthe module rises above 60°C.Chapter 2XBee RS-232 Adapter OverviewThe XBee RS-232 Adapter provides short-range wireless connectivity toany RS-232 serial device. Unlike an embedded wireless module, whichrequires design integration and development time, these off-the-shelfadapters provide instant wireless connectivity to existing RS-232 serialdevices. All XBee adapters can be used with Digi's ConnectPort Xgateways for data aggregation and IP connectivity.Connection and power-on1.Connect the desired device to the RS-232 port of the adapter.2.Connect the power supply to the adapter or insert batteries.PinoutsThe RS-232 connector is an industry-standard DB9 male connector with aDTE configuration, similar to a PC serial port.To connect the XBee RS232 Adapter to another DTE device, use astandard DB9 crossover serial cable similar to Digi part number 76000642.To connect the XBee RS232 Adapter to a DCE device, use astraight-through null modem cable similar to Digi part number63000066-01.Pin 1 is in the leftmost pin on the upper row of pins; pin numbers incrementfrom left to right, continuing left to right on the second row.Pinouts for the connector are:Pin Function Data direction1CD Input2RXD Input3TXD Output4DTR Output5GND6DSR Input7RTS Output8CTS Input9+12VDC switched power out OutputSoftware programming and data retrievalThere are several avenues for programming the adapter.To get started on developing solutions with the XBee RS-232 Adapterusing iDigi, see the iDigi web page:/For details on programming the adapter and retrieving data from it, see theXBee RS-232 Adapter product page on theDigi Developer Community Wiki:/wiki/developer/index.php/XBee_RS-232_Adapter LEDs and buttonsLED/Button FunctionPower LED Indicates that power is on. Illuminated only when adapter is connected to external power only, not when powered by batteries. Not available in lithium-battery models.Assc LED Indicates the adapters’s network association status. This LED functions differentlydepending on the XBee RF protocol for the product. See "Network association" on page9 for more information.Reset button Recessed button on underside of the adapter. Performs equivalent of a power-cycle.Use a small non-conductive tool with a blunt end to press gently and hold down button.Ident button Recessed button on power end of the adapter between Assc and Power LEDs.Performs multiple functions for identifying and configuring the adapter in a wirelessnetwork. Button presses and actions vary by XBee RF protocol; see "Commissioningand identity behaviors" on page 10.Consecutive button presses must occur within 800 milliseconds of each other to performthe desired action.OverviewThe XBee RS-485 Adapter provides short-range wireless connectivity to any RS-485 serial device. Unlike an embedded wireless module, which requires design integration and development time, these off-the-shelf adapters provide instant wireless connectivity to existing RS-485 serial devices. All XBee adapters can be used with Digi's ConnectPort X gateways for data aggregation and IP connectivity.Connection and power-on1.Connect the desired device to the RS-485 port of the adapter.2.Connect the power supply to the adapter or insert batteries.Chapter 3XBee RS-485 AdapterPinoutsThe connector for the adapter is a 6-position wire terminal block. The figure shows Pin 1 of the connector when the adapter is oriented with the mounting tabs, facing upwards (the underside of the adapter).The adapter is switch-selectable between RS-422 half duplex,RS-422full duplex, and RS-485 modes (see "DIP switches" on page 21). The function for several pins varies between RS-422 and RS-485 modes. Using the orientation in the above figure, pin 1 is the right-most pin and pin numbers increment from right to left. Pinouts for the connector are:The connector accommodates wire gauges from 16AWG to 30AWG. To insert wires, insert the wires into the removable screw-lock connector and tighten the screws associated with the wire slots.To remove wires, loosen the screws associated with the wire slots and remove the wires.PinFunction in RS-422 modeFunction in RS-485 mode1TxD+ (RS422)TxD+ and RxD+ (RS485)2TxD- (RS422)TxD- and RxD- (RS485)3RxD+ (RS422)Not used.4RxD- (RS422) Not used.5GroundGround6+12VDC 50mA max switched power out+12VDC 50mA maxswitched power outDIP switchesThe XBee RS-485 Adapter has several DIP switches on the underside of the unit. DIP switch 1 is the leftmost switch. Switch settings are:Software programming and data retrievalThere are several avenues for programming the XBee RS-485 Adapter.To get started on developing solutions with the XBee RS-485 Adapter using iDigi, see the iDigi web page:/For details on programming the XBee RS-485 Adapter and retrieving data from it, see the XBee RS-485 Adapter product page on the Digi Developer Community Wiki:/wiki/developer/index.php/XBee_RS-485_AdapterDIP SwitchSwitch settings1Not used. It is covered up by the case and is not accessible.2, 3, 4 together ON = RS485 OFF = RS4225, 6 togetherON = RS485 bias and line termination on.OFF = RS485 bias and line termination off.Note: Bias and line termination feature can be used only when powering from the external power supply.LEDs and buttonsLED/Button FunctionPower LED Indicates that power is on. Illuminated only when adapter is connected to external power only, not when powered by batteries. Not available in lithium-battery models.Assc LED Indicates the adapters’s network association status. This LED functions differentlydepending on the XBee RF protocol for the product. See "Network association" on page9 for more information.Reset button Recessed button on underside of the adapter. Performs equivalent of a power-cycle.Use a small non-conductive tool with a blunt end to press gently and hold down button.Ident button Recessed button on power end of the adapter between Assc and Power LEDs.Performs multiple functions for identifying and configuring the adapter in a wirelessnetwork. Button presses and actions vary by XBee RF protocol; see "Commissioningand identity behaviors" on page 10.Consecutive button presses must occur within 800 milliseconds of each other to performthe desired action.OverviewThe XBee Analog I/O Adapter provides short-range wireless connectivity to any analog device. Unlike an embedded wireless module, which requires design integration and development time, this off-the-shelf adapterprovides instant wireless connectivity to existing analog devices. All XBee adapters can be used with Digi's ConnectPort X gateways for data aggregation and IP connectivity.The XBee Analog I/O adapter allows for several interfaces to analogdevices. It provides greater flexibility and uses than XBee Sensors, in that it can be used with a variety of off-the-shelf sensor products and in situations when the item being measured or analyzed must be separated from the sensor/measuring device itself.Chapter 4X B e e A n a l o g I /O A d a p t erDeployment decisionsDeploying the XBee Analog I/O Adapter in a solution involves answeringseveral questions:•What is the analog mode of the sensor you plan to attach to theadapter?•How do you want to retrieve measurement data from the adapter?•How will the adapter be powered? Mains or battery?Analog modesThe XBee Analog I/O Adapter has three modes in which it can measureinput on its four terminal lines:•0-10 volt mode: measures voltage on a scale of 1 to 10 volts, andtranslates it into a 10-bit scale from 0 to 1023 as possible values.•Current Loop (4 mA to 20 mA) mode: measures amperage on a scaleof 4 to 20 mA, and translates it into a 10-bit scale from 0 to 1023 aspossible values.•Differential input mode: measures paired terminals (1 and 2 paired, 3and 4 paired) and translates the difference in voltage between the twolines to into a 10-bit scale from 0 to 1023 as possible values.Measurement retrieval optionsThere are several ways to retrieve data collected by the XBee module inthe adapter.•Through the iDigi Dia (Device Integration Application) framework.iDigi Dia software that simplifies connecting devices (sensors, PLCs,etc.) to communication gateways. iDigi Dia includes a comprehensivelibrary of plug-ins that work out-of-the-box with common device typesand can also be extended to include new devices.•By using existing Python modules provided by Digi•By using your own custom Python programs•By issuing remote AT commands from another XBee device。