The Pilgrim
The Pilgrim's Progress 天路历程
天路历程
Author: John Bunyan (1628-1688)
பைடு நூலகம் Author
Introduction
First part Second part
Significance
Evaluation
John Bunyan, the famous writer and lay preacher（布道家） . Born in Bedford(贝 德福德） of England. He had been recruited（征募） into army of parliament of revolution when he was young, and then engaged in missionary activities in his hometown. In 1660 the Stuart finished restoration, the authorities excuse without permission do missionary work, put him in jail twice. He stayed in prison for twelve years, and was again imprisoned for six months in 1695 respectively. He wrote "The pilgrim's progress“ in prison, the content about Christian and his wife has been looking for the kingdom of heaven, The language is concise and easy, known as the most famous fable literature in England.
The Pilgrim’s Progress
• Giant Despair • A terrifying Giant who guards the Doubting Castle, along with his wife, Diffidence. He locks Hopeful and Christian in a dungeon for several days. • Knowledge, Experience, Watchful and Sincere • Shepherds at Immanuel's Land who protect the Lord's sheep. • Ignorance • A boy who comes from the Country of Conceit and encounters Christian and Hopeful. In the end, he is sent to Hell, proof that good intentions are not enough to save a man's soul.
The Pilgrim's Progress
Report of T he Pilgrim’s ProgressCourse: History of British Literature Date: 27th, October 2012Recently I’ve read the Christian allegory The Pilgrim’s Progress, which was written by John Bunyan, an English author, in 1687. It’s regarded as one of the most significant masterpieces of religious English Literature following The Bible. Besides, this novel reflects several aspects of the 17th society in Britain, so it can be called a realistic literature as well. For its perfect mixture of religion and carnal society, I appreciate it very much.This novel told a story combined by two parts, both of which were related to the arduous journeys of Christians. The protagonist in former part was named Christian, who originally lived in the City of Destruction, determined to take off the burden on his back and avoid being destroyed in his hometown, so he set out to seek for the Celestial City. He met with different people and various things on the way, which might guide him, mislead him, hurt him, help him or frighten him. Fortunately, he overcame all the difficulties and temptations,and eventually reached the Celestial City. The latter part wa s about Christian’s family, his wife and children. They also confronted numerous similar challenges, but our heroine succeeded with other’s helps and arrived in the same place as Christian. Bunyan was a Christian, and he wrote to announce his piety. Although the world, not only in the novel but also in the real society, was much wicked and immoral, the religious Christian chose to keep piety and pursue beauty and kindness. They trusted the God and they believed the world would become ideal one day with their sincere prayers and devotion.I chose to read this novel with an intention to learn more about religion, meanwhile I was a little afraid because of cultural difference this theme might be too recondite and hard for me to understand. However, the Pilgrim’s Progress proved my worries were needless by its vivid language and clear structure. I searched the Internet and found the writer Bunyan born in a craftsman’s family wasn’t well_educated. I regarded it as a main reason to his simple writing style, which was quite different from other pedantic authors’. What matteredwa s not one’s educational degree, but his profound understanding of the theme. Bunyan did quite well in this point. He devoted his whole life into the religional career so that he was qualified to produce such an excellent masterpiece. Besides, I supposed the way that the roles in this book were named also contributed a lot to the readers’ understanding. For instance, the man who Christian met on the top of the Hill Difficulty was named Timorous, for his characteristic was timidity. Timorous was so faint-hearted that he was even scared off by the tied lion in the daytime. I could master Bunyan’s intention of this man at the first sight of his name. However, it did n’t mean all the roles were simply signed by their names in the book; on the contrary, they were all derived from flesh and blood in the carnal world,so critics thought highly of the book for its vivid reflection of the real society.In my consideration, another decisive reason for the b ook’s popularity is the innovative structure. In the beginning of the story Bunyan told the readers it happened in a man’s dream, and during the process of story-telling, the dreamer interrupted many times to narrate what he observed in his dream. As we knew, implicit dreams were supposed to foretell something in the future, so Bunyan created a dreaming way to tell the religional allegory, in order to remind readers to think deeply of the story, not just take it for amusement.The Pilgrim’s Progress enjoys my repeated compliments, and it impresses me so much with its concise language, attractive structure and profound contents. I’m an atheist, but I still suppose it’s a suitable approach to know more concerning Christianism, if students feel unsatisfied with some dull religional lectures.。
John Bunyan&The Pilgrim's Progress
情人节最浪漫的9首外国情诗
情人节最浪漫的外国情诗情人节最浪漫的9首外国情诗有关情人节最浪漫的爱情诗，大家知道哪些?下面就是小编收集的8首外国情人节的情诗，欢迎大家阅读!情人节最浪漫的外国情诗篇1《当你老了》威廉·巴特勒·叶芝(爱尔兰)当你老了，头白了，睡意昏沉，炉火旁打盹，请取下这部诗歌，慢慢读，回想你过去眼神的柔和，回想它们昔日浓重的阴影;多少人爱你青春欢畅的时辰，爱慕你的美丽，假意或真心，只有一个人爱你那朝圣者的'灵魂，爱你衰老了的脸上痛苦的皱纹;垂下头来，在红光闪耀的炉子旁，凄然地轻轻诉说那爱情的消逝，在头顶的山上它缓缓踱着步子，在一群星星中间隐藏着脸庞。
《When You are Old》William Butler Yeats(1865-1939)When you are old and gray,and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire,take down this book,And slowly read,and dream of the soft look,Your eyes had once,and of their shadows deep.How many loved your momentsof glad grace,And loved your beautywith love false or true ,But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you, And loved the sorrowsof your changing face.And bending downbeside the glowing bars,Murmur,a little sadly,how love fled,And pacedupon the mountains overhead，And hid his faceamid a crowd of stars.情人节最浪漫的外国情诗篇2《致爱人》威廉·莎士比亚 (英)在那风化了的时代的纪年，我看到对绝代佳人的描述，古老的韵律因美丽而变得绝妙，赞颂着薄命的红颜，多情的`骑士;在这倾国倾城的描绘中，那手脚、嘴唇、眼眸及眉额，这古老笔下的描画都让我感觉，这一切的美貌，如今皆为你所有。
当你老了诗歌原文
当你老了诗歌原文叶芝《当你老了》原文、译文及赏析编辑我是一片云一直很喜欢叶芝的这首《当你老了》。
最初读到的就是袁可嘉翻译的版本。
最近在网络上收集到了这首诗的英文原版，和更多的翻译版本，转载在这里，和朋友们共同分享。
比照英文版，我还是最喜欢袁可嘉翻译的版本，在众多的翻译版本中，您最喜欢谁翻译的版本呢？一、原文：When you are oldWhen you are old and grey and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;How many loved your moments of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false or true,But one man loved the pilgrim Soul in you, And loved the sorrows of your changing face; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fledAnd paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.二、译文：1.当你老了（袁可嘉译）当你老了，头白了，睡意昏沉，炉火旁打盹，请取下这部诗歌，慢慢读，回想你过去眼神的柔和，回想它们昔日浓重的阴影；多少人爱你青春欢畅的时辰，爱慕你的美丽，假意或真心，只有一个人爱你那朝圣者的灵魂，爱你衰老了的脸上痛苦的皱纹；垂下头来，在红光闪耀的炉子旁，凄然地轻轻诉说那爱情的消逝，在头顶的山上它缓缓踱着步子，在一群星星中间隐藏着脸庞。
The Pilgrim’s Progress
Theology of the Cross
These descriptions enough to tell everyone: faith is not a simple thing. The Christian faith are disciples need to pay the price, a belief is not allowed to be tasted, Christian faith required to holistic selfless heart and soul in the whole the life to embrace the beautiful flame. He who does not carry his cross and come after me is not worthy of me.
Theology of the Cross
The theology of the Cross (Latin: Theologia Cruets)[1] or staurology[2] (from Greek stauros: cross, and -logy: "the study of")[3]is a term coined by the theologian Martin Luther[1] to refer to theology that posits the cross as the only source of knowledge concerning who God is and how God saves. It is contrasted with the theology of glory[1] (theologia gloriae),[1] which places greater emphasis on human abilities and human reason.
the pilgrim's progress简介
the pilgrim's progress简介
《天路历程》（The Pilgrim's Progress）是英国作家约翰·班扬于1678年所著的长篇寓言小说。
小说讲述的是一个叫基督教的人，在追寻道路、逃离灾难和最终获得拯救的旅程中的故事。
这个故事以寓言形式，描述了人类在追求上帝的真理和救赎过程中所面临的各种诱惑和磨难，并通过主人公的历程，向读者阐述了基督教信仰的理念和价值观。
《天路历程》被认为是英国文学史上最具有影响力的作品之一，曾被翻译成100多种文字，对世界文学和文化产生了深远的影响。
它不仅被视为基督教文学的经典之作，也是英国文学中最重要的寓言小说之一，被誉为英国文学中的奇迹。
约翰.班扬.2PPT课件
-
13
《天路历程》这部英国古典文学名著被誉为 “英国文学中最著名的寓言”。 是班扬在狱中心 血凝成的杰作，被译成多种文字，在世界各地不
断再版，家喻户晓的程度仅次于《圣经》。 约翰·班扬以独特的手法把人内心世界的各种
心理活动人物化，比如在奔走天路的路程上可能 会碰到的“怀疑”、“盼望”、“灰心”“仁爱” 等。本书在你的眼前描画出一个人，他正在把那 永久的赏赐找寻：你会看见他从哪里来，到哪里 去；他撇下什么没有做，他做的又是什么；你看 见他怎样、不停地赶着行程，一直赶到那荣耀的
• 一个人穿着破烂的衣服， 站在一个地方，背对着 自己的房舍，手里拿着 一本书，背上负着一个 沉重的包袱。我正看着， 只见他打开书本一边阅 读，一边流泪，全身颤 抖，后来情不自禁地伤 心起来：我应该做点什 么？
-
16
这个人就是朝圣者基督徒，那本书就是《圣经》，而 背上的包袱就是尘世间的烦恼和忧愁。
约翰.班扬
John Bunyan
-
1
1628---1688 -
2
约翰.班扬简介
• 约翰·班扬(John Bunyan，1628—1688)是 复辟时期最受欢迎的清教散文作家。他生 于贝得福郡附近的一个村庄，祖父和父亲 都是补锅匠，少年时曾继承父业。 16岁 那年，他离开家乡，参加了克伦威尔的军 队。当时在克伦威尔领导下的清教徒与支 持英国国教的国王查理一世的军队之间爆 发了一场内战。国王的军队称为保皇派， 他们为国王的至高统治权而战；克伦威尔 旗下，则是为议会而战的志士。因此班扬
-
3
• 投入的这场战争，具有宗教和政治双重性质。 这一经历很可能使约翰·班扬获得了对战争 的深刻的理解，这反映在他日后所著的《天 路历程》的好几个有关战争的场景中。在他 的另一本书——《圣战普通人的天国之路》， 另一本是《敬虔的生活》，这两本书是班扬 妻子的父亲留给女儿的。她经常向班扬谈起 她的父亲，她的父亲是一个真正敬虔的人。 当时班扬读了这些书，虽然他很喜欢，但仍 然没有因此萌发任何个人的悔罪感。
The-Pilgrim’s-Progress
Context in Christendom （基督教徒，基督教世界）
The explicit（详尽的，清楚地）
Protestant（基督教徒，新教徒） theology
（神学）of The Pilgrim‘s Progress made it
found in it a true personal experience told with strength, interest, humor----in a word, with all the qualities that such a story should possess. Young people have read it, first, for its intrinsic (本质的，内在的) worth, because the dramatic interest of the story lured them on to the end; and second, because
it was their introduction to true allegory. It was the only book having any story interest in the great majority of English and American home for a full century.
much more popular than its predecessors.
Bunyan’s gifts and plain style breathe life into the abstractions（抽象概念） of the anthropomorphized（人性化） temptations （诱惑） and abstractions that Christian encounters and with whom he converses（认 识，谈话） on his course to Heaven. Samuel
The Pilgrim’s Progress
救赎与恩典观念传达
救赎观念的体现
小说中基督徒的朝圣之旅实际上 是一次寻求救赎的过程，通过信 仰和虔诚，他最终获得了上帝的
救赎和拯救。
恩典观念的传达
在基督徒的旅程中，他不断领受到 上帝的恩典和眷顾，这些恩典不仅 帮助他克服困难，也让他更加坚定 自己的信仰。
救赎与恩典的关系
小说通过基督徒的经历展示了救赎 和恩典之间的密切关系，即救赎是 上帝对人类的拯救，而恩典则是上 帝对人类的爱和关怀。
清教徒思想影响
强调个人信仰
清教徒认为个人与上帝之间的直接关系是信仰的核心，强调个人 对《圣经》的解读和理解。
反对繁文缛节
清教徒反对教会中的繁文缛节和形式主义，主张简化宗教仪式，注 重内心的虔诚。
提倡勤奋节俭
清教徒提倡勤奋工作和节俭生活，认为这是实现个人价值和社会进 步的重要途径。
作者个人经历及信仰转变
遇见的人物及事件
“福音使者”
基督徒在逃离“毁灭之城”前，遇到了一位名叫“福音使者”的人，他向基督徒传授了 信仰和救赎的知识。
“忠信”与“盼望”
基督徒在旅途中结识了两位同伴——“忠信”与“盼望”，他们共同经历了许多艰难 险阻。
与“世界王子”的斗争
在穿越“狭谷”的过程中，基督徒遇到了代表世俗诱惑的“世界王子”，经过一场激烈 的斗争，基督徒最终战胜了“世界王子”，坚定了自己的信仰。
结局与寓意
结局
基督徒及其同伴最终抵达了“天城”，获得了永恒的救赎和幸福。
寓意
通过基督徒的历程，作品传达了对信仰、救赎和人生意义的深刻思考。它告诉人们，只有坚定信仰、 勇敢面对人生中的困难和挑战，才能最终获得真正的幸福和救赎。同时，《天路历程》也揭示了人性 的复杂性和世俗世界的诱惑，提醒人们要时刻保持警惕和自省。
The Pilgrim's Progress(β vision)
The Pilgrim's Progress was written during the period of the English Revolution. Also, it belongs to Puritan literature.
This period was one of confusion in literature due to the breaking up of the old ideals. Puritanism disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry written in the previous period. Literature was as divided in spirit as were the struggling parties
About writer: John Bunyan
John Bunyan is one of the great writers and evangelists o f the period of the English bourgeois revolution on the 1 8th century.
At that time, the Puritan believed in simplicity of life, many simple pleasures were forbidden and an austere(简朴的) standard of living was forced upon unwilling people.
Impression（万子豪）
As a tinker in a poor family , he experienced a lot , which laid his foundation for his thinking pattern ,confirmed him in his calling as a writer , made him realize that following Jesus may have difficulties. Influenced by Renaissance and his experience, he expressed his love for people .So, we can see that time and social degree can shape one’s character. In the book ,one chapter tells us that the person who did not understand the Bible was regarded as disappointment and will not gain entry to the Celestial City . Reading is important.
武汉理工大学英语试题(工程硕士)
武汉理工大学英语试题(工程硕士)work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR武汉理工大学考试试题纸Part Ⅰ. Vocabulary (0.5 × 30)Directions: In this section there are 10 sentences. Each of the sentences has an underlined part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A,B,Cand D. Choose the one that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.The market management in this city needs to be reinforced by an effective law.A.investigatedB.resistedC.strengthenedD.operated2.This airport is notorious for its bad security.A.appealingB.memorableC.conversingD.infamous3.Further investigation conducted by a group of experts revealed previously hiddenfacts.A.uncoveredB.explainedC.behavedD.encouraged4.Real-life impressions of nature are more memorable than any lesson children canextract from a book.A.evaporateB. deriveC.rewardD.exhort5.Students will find how wind direction and intensity shift at different attitudes.A. enjoyB.exploreC.removeD.change6.She suddenly recalled that her blanket had been taken away.A. releasedB.rememberedC.reassuredD.relieved7.When he checked in a hotel ,it was already nine o’clock in the evening.A. inspectedB.registeredC.realized D .departed8.He expressed his gratitude to her for her favorable help with the experiment.A. congratulationsB.sphereC.thanksD.sympathy9.They spent 3 days in the desert without water, and they could not endure muchlonger.A. faceB.sufferstD.survive10.His concern forbids him to leave the house at such a time.A. persuadesB.permitsC.suspendD.prohibits11.If these bad weather conditions persist ,the game will be cancelled.A. stayB.continueC.permitD.insist12.Steps must be taken to reduce administration costs.A. governmentB.managementanizationD.instruction13.The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980 owing to a boom in world trade.A. a birthB.an improvementC.a beginnigD.an increase14.The play was a great success, and it was all thanks to the effort and commitmentof everyone involved.A.because ofB.despite ofC.subject toD.attribute to15.Approximately 113,000 bicycles were reported stolen last yeat.A.TotallyB.ExactlyC.RoughlyD.Actually16.In many Russian cities basic foodstuffs are unavailable.A.not obtainableB.not eatableC.not suitableD.not producible17.You are legally entitled to take faulty goods back to the store where you boughtthem.A.have the right toB.have the title toC.have the honor toD.have the pleasure to18.He came out with such a(n) elaborate excuse that I didn’t quite believe him.A.goodB.beautifulC.detailedD.fine-sounding19.Everything will ultimately depend on what is said at the meeting with thedirectors next week.A.practicallyB.mainlyC.repeatedlyD.finally20.In theory ,the journey ought to take three hours ,but in practice it usually takesfour because of roadwork.A.FactuallyB.In factC.TheoreticallyD.In practice21.As more mations acquire nuclear weapons ,the necessity for preventing warbecomes imperative.A.exigentB.superiorC.statisticD.effective22.Some stores make a survey of all goods and materials in their stock once a monthso as to speed up their inventory liquidating.A.inventionB.stockC.discoveryD.capital23.It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the future .A.aspectB.respectiveC.abilityD.outlook24.Because of his mischievous deeds towards his classmate,the child was hauled up before the principal.A.calledB.shoutedC.beatenD.scolded25.He lived in the most penurious manner,and denied himself every indulgence.A.luxuriousB.pitifulC.strictD.frugal26.He has committed such a blunder,no one can save him this time.A.madeB.metC.ceasedD.created27.Sophisticated edit facilities allow complicated musical forms to be created.A.ExpensiveB.High qualityC.Cleverplicated28.He was escorted by a group of soldiers under the command of Sarsfield.A.safe-guardedB.capturedC.arrestedD.lead29.The young man dreamed that a rich relative would die and leave him a legacy.A.heritageB.willC.houseD.lot of money30.Joy was now having her hair done,seated on a mat on the floor.A.chairB.benchC.small carpetD.stoolPart Ⅱ. Multiple Choices(0.5×20)31.He walked into the restaurant it had belonged to him.A.likeB.as ifC.so thatD.if32.Don’t eat that fruit it is ripe .A.unlessB.in caseC.ifD.so that33.He insured his car he had an accident.A.unlessB.ifC.in caseD.since34. we can make laws to protect certain animals,we are frequently incapable of controlling the enviroment.A.Ever ifB.WhateverC.AfterD.However35. you understand this rule ,you’ll have difficulty.A.WhileB.OnceC.ThoughD.Unless36. inspected this radio,he should have put his identification number on the box.A.ThatB.No matter whoC.WhaterverD.Whomever37.Although happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction,itcould occur elsewhere in the world.A.whatB.whichC.howD.itst week he promised today ,but he hasn’t arrived yet.A.that he would comeB.what would he comeC.which he came D .that he would have come39.His family had almost forgotten like.A.how his face wasB.which was his faceC.what his face wasD.that his face was40.It is obvious on more important things.A.which the money should we spendB.what the money should we spendC.that the money should we spendD.that we should spend the money41.At about the same time ,doctors began to understand together.A.which went dirt and diseaseB.what went dirt and diseaseC.that dirt and disease wentD.that did dirt and disease go42.These exercises are different fromA.that you expectB.what do you expectC.what you expectD.which you expect43. will be known tomorrow.A.If the flower will be blackB.When will the flower beC.Whether the flower is blackD.Whether is the flower black44.Not one of us has a clear idea about to do.A.that the others wantB.what the others wantC.which do the others wantD.what do the others want45.I will let you know the meeting will be held.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that46.I would gladly have attended your wedding if youA.would have invited meB.invited meC.could have invited meD.had invited me47.Jean would go to New York City, but she money mow .A.hadn’t haveB.would not haveC.has noD.would have48. ,he would help us without any hesitation.A.Were he hareB.Was he hereC.If he is hereD.Is he here49.But for the rain,we our destination before 5 yesterday.A.would have reachedB.reachedC.had reachedD.should reach50. Without water ,there no plants on the earth.A.would haveB.would beC.were to beD.werePart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (2 × 20)Passage 1Two men on a touring holiday of Britain were injured by an explosion in their motor van in the center of Norwich yesterday.Shoppers ,traders and businessmen in Red Lion Street were shocked by a loud bang,and seconds later the two men jumped over from the vehicle. Several people rushed to give assistance and helped to put out the fire inside the vehicle.“I heard this explosion .It was pretty loud. I thought it could have been a bomb.”said Mr.Leslie Webster, manager of the market ,who was working in his office in Red Lion Street.”I looked out of the window and saw this lad leap from the van and roll on the ground. Then another lad came out of the van. He seemed to be in a worse state--parts of his trousers were hanging below his knee.”Anyhow they two just got minor burns.“I came downstairs to get a fire extinguisher, but by the time I got outside someone from the bank was in the van with an extinguisher.”Mr.Webster, who lives at 71,Trinity Sereet,Norwich ,said both victims were shocked. One was taken into the market’s office to await an ambulance.”The second man insisted on going back into the van to see if everything was all right,and five minutes later he came out with a drawer that was blazing.”he added.The explosion was also heard inside the bank. Staff provided a fire extinguisher and telephoned for an ambulance.Although a plastic window was blown out ,damage inside the vehicle was mainly superficial.The two men have spent the last six months touring the Continent and has traveled to Norwich from Snetterton.At the time of the accident their wives were shopping in the city.51.The two men in the vanA.were unhurtB.were slightly hurtC.wer shocked and badly injuredD.needed a long-time treatment52.The word “leap” (Para. 3) most probably meansA.jump overB.step upC.fall downD.get out53.In Mr.Webster’s opinion ,the explosionA.was almost a bombB.wasn’t a bombC.was like a bombD.was a bomb54.In the accident .A.the bank was blown outB.the van was completely destroyedC.everything in the van was all rightD.the van was burned55.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.Mr.Webster saw what had happened.B. Mr.Webster helped to put out the fire.C..Mr. Webster didn’t take a fire extinguisher to the van.D. Mr.Webster wanted to help in the accident but he didn’t have a chance. Passage 2It was September of 1620 when their ship ,called the “Mayflower” left port with 102 men,women and children on board.This was the worst season of the year for an ocean crossing ,and the trip was very uneven.After sixty-five days at sea,she landed in Provincetown Harbor,Massachusetts.The Pilgrim(清教徒) leaders knew that they were in unsettled territory which had no governing body.They also knew that in order to survive,every society needed a means of establishing and enforcing proper rules of conduct .Partly to protect themselves from others ,forty-one men aboard the ship held a meeting to choose their first governor and sign the historic Mayflower agreement,the first one for self-government in America.For about a month longer,the Pilgrims lived aboard ship and sent out parties to explore the costline of the bay. They found a harbor ,and cleared land ,which was an Indian village,but a disease a few years earlier had killed the entire Indian ing ashore in their small boat ,the Pilgrims landed on a large rock later named Plymouth Rock.This was the beginning of the second permanent English settement in America.The Pilgrims were poorly trained and poorly equipped to cope with life in the wilderness.During their first winter in the new land ,they suffered a great deal.Poor food ,hard work,diseases,and bitterly cold weather killed about half of them.By the end of this terrible first winter,only about fifty Plymouth colonists remained alive.One spring morning in 1621,an Indian walked into the little village of Plymouth and introduced himself in a friendly ter he brought the Indian chief ,who offered assistance.The Indians taught the Pilgrims how to hunt fish ,and grow food.Because of this help from the Indians ,the Pilgrims had a good harvest.Then the first Thanksgiving dinner was cooked and served out –of –doors ,and the holiday wasa great success.56.Which of the following well describes their trip?A.Happy and smoothB.Uncomfortable and roughC.Uncomfortable but smoothD.Uneven and exciting57.They decided to sign an agreement because .A.they needed rules for self-protectionB.they wanted everyone to be a good personC.they needed a governorD.it was unsettled country58.They stayed aboard for a month because .A.they were waiting for some helpB.they were afraid of IndiansC.they had to make some preparations ashoreD.they needed to make small boats59.In the first winter,the PilgrimsA.had a good timeB.had a big harvestC.had a fight with IndiansD.had a hard time60.The relationship between the Pilgrims and the Indians could be best described as .A.very hostileB.indifferentC.friendlyD.impartialPassage 3The early days of 1942 were dark ones.American troops were bravely trying to hold the Philippine Islands .But island after island fell to the Japanese.The Americans were driven back until all they held was the small island of Corregidor,where was the Philippine government’s gold and lions upon millions of pesos piled up there.It soon was clear that Corregidor was going to fall..The money could not be left there for the enemy.Hastily the gold and some of the silver were loaded on a small ship.Then a strange job was begun:two hundred million dollars of paper money were burned.Nearly sixteen million silver pesos were left,and there was no way to get it to the United States.So it was decided to dump it into the ocean.A ship made trip after trip back to the dock to pick up the silver and dump it in the south Channel.Only three men knew the exact spot where the pesos were dumped.Unfortunately the men were killed in the war.In 1945,the U.S.armed forces decided to find the silver.For a month ,the divers went over the site where most of the silver was thought to have been buried.They covered the bottom inch by inch and found no pesos.Then came a hint.A group of men had gone on an illegal treasure hunt of their own.They had found some five thousand pesos.A Filipino who had led the group was caught ,and he showed where he found the silver.The search went on day after day for ten months.By then the pesos were getting too hard to find. The Army and Navy decided they had done well enough.Some one third of the total had been recovered.In 1946 the new Philippine government gave licenses to anyone who wanted to search for the missing pesos.Some treasure hunters brought up hundreds and hundreds of pesos for their own.Now 1,678,000 pesos are still in the channel mud .The search is probably going on right at this moment.But ,as one of the divers said,“They’ll likely be diving for those pesos for a hundred years to come.”61.Why was the Corrigidor Island important?A.Because the American troops were stationedB.Because it was a part of the Japanese island.C.Because there were millions of pesos there.D.Because it was the last island for the Philippines62.What was the decision for the silver pesos?A.They were to be shipped to the United States.B.They were to be buried in the islandC.They were to be hidden in a Japanese island.D.they were to be dropped in the sea.63.Who first discovered the spot of dropped pesos?A. A FilipinoB.An AmericanC.A diverD. A Japanese64.How much of the silver was found by the American armed forces?A.40%B.30%C.60%D.90%65.Which of the following is true?A.Since 1946,no one is allowed to hunt for the silver.B.Nobody has found pesos since 1945.C.After 1946,people could find the silver by themselves.D.Searching for the silver is illegal.Passage 4Regular child care provided outside home or by someone other than the mother does not in itself undermine (削弱)healthy emotional connections between mothers and their 15-month –old infants ,according to a long-term national study.The finding holds even if care begins during the first 3 months after birth and runs for 30 hours or more per week.Among infants who receive unkind and unresponsive care from their mothers,,however,the mother-child relationship may be damaged.“This research helps us put apart complexities regarding child care that have not previously been studied in detail,”contends Jay Belsky,a psychologist at Pennsylvania State University.Belsky and several of his colleagues announced their findings last week at the international conferenece.The investigation consists of 1,153 children and their families living in or near Boston.The youngsters ,no more than 1month old when they entered the study in 1991,will be tracked until the age of 7.Experimenters administered questionnaires to mothers in their homes and videotaped baby caretakers interacting with the kids at ages 1,6,and 15 months. Independent observers rated the quality of each child care efforts and noted infant nervousness.Unlike most previous studies ,this one allows researchers to observe each caretaker’s personality at child nursing ,and kids’emotional reaction by the equipment.After taking family factors into account,other psychologist state that the researchers found no relation between the quality of child care and infants’response.But the experimenters contend that the boys who spent more than 30 hours per week in child care exhibited more emotion for their mothers than other boys who didn’t ,and the girls who spent the same hours per week in child care showed a modest rise in this emotion.Therefore ,quality of child care outside home plays an important role in the connection between mothers and infants.66.From the first paragraph we know that .A.mother care is the best according to a national studyB.child care outside home is the best in accordance with the studyC.regular child care outside home may play a role as a motherD.connections between mothers and infants are damaged by outside care67.Accordign to the passage,unresponsive care from a mother may .A.ruin a kid’s growthB.harm the mother--child tieC.injure a baby’s emotional reactionD.spoil a child’s personality68.Jay Belsky implies that the study of child care .A.was never carried out in the pastB.was not much done in detail in the pastC.was greatly ignored by psychologists and researchersD.was interesting ,but very difficult to make discovery69.The main difference between the investigation and the previous ones is that .A.the researchers started with only one month old infantsB.the observers could rate the quality of child care efforts and analyzed them soonC.the researchers were able to give the questionnaires to mothers in their homesD.video equipment enabled researchers to observe what was happening directly70.The girls who received the same hours of child care outside home as the boysdemonstrated .A.a little more emotion for their mothersB.less emotion for their mothersC.a modest rise in the mental developmentD.a slight decline in the personality developmentPartⅣ.Cloze(10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C),D)on the right side of the paper,You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.It’s an annual back-to–school routine.One morning you wave goodbye,and that 71 evening you’re burning the late-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards, 72 are throwing the books at kids. 73 elementary school students are complaining of homework 74 .What’s a well-meaning parent to do? As hard as 75 may be , sit back and chill,experts advise. Though you’ve got to get them to do it , 76 helping too much, or even examing 77 too carefully ,you may keep them 78 doing it by themselves.“I wouldn’t advise a parent to check every 79 assignment ,”says psychologist John Rosemond ,author of Ending the Tough Homework.“There’s a 80 of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children 81 the grade they deserve.”Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their 82 .But “you don’t want them to feel it has to be 83 ,”she says.That’s not to say parents should 84 homework –first,they should monitor how much homework their kids 85 .Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in 86 four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior –high students it should be “ 87 more than an hour and a half”, and two for high-school students.If your child 88 has more homework than this ,you may want to check 89 other parents and then talk to the teacher about 90 assignment.71. A)very B)exact C)right D)usual72. A) officials B)parents C)experts D) schools73. A)Also B) Even C)Then D) However74. A)fatigue B) confusion C)duty D)puzzle75. A)there B) we C) they D)it76. A)via B) under C) by D) for77. A)questions B) answers’ C)standards D) rules78. A)off B)without C)beyond D) from79. A)single B) piece C) page D)other80. A)drop B)short C) cut D) lack81. A)acquire B) earn C)gather D) reach82. A)exercises B) defects C) mistakes D)tests83. A)perfect B) better C) unusual D)complete84. A)forget B)refuse C)miss D)ignore85. A)have B) prepare C)make D) perform86. A)classes B) groups C)grades D)terms87. A)about B)no C)much D)few88. A)previously B) rarely C)merely D) consistently89. A)with B)in C)out D)up90. A)finishing B) lowering C)reducing D) decliningPartⅤ: Translation(10%)Section A (5% )Directions :Read the following passage carefully. Then translate it into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.在过去的10年中，中国的经济发生了巨大的变化。
英美文学选读第二章笔记Neoclassical-period
I.Multle choice1.The 18th century England is known as the Enlightenment in thehistory英國的十八世紀也同時是啟蒙主義時代，或曰理性時代, 啟蒙運動是進步的知識分子運動，興盛於法國，後來席卷整個歐洲2.The Pilgrim’s progress is the most successful religious allegoryin the English language天路歷程是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言，它的主旨是讓人們遵循基督教教義3.The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to beconcerned with the search for spiritual Salvation4.Among the representative of the Enlightenment, who was the firstto introduce rationlism to England?Alexander Pope 亞歷山大.蒲柏作為啟蒙主義時期的代表人物，蒲柏第一個將理性主義引入英國,他將現行的社會制度奉為理想的制度，但依然能看透那嚴重的道德，政治及文化上的腐朽沒落5.An essay on criticism , written in heroic couplet by Pope, isconsidered manifesto of English neoclassism論批評是用英雄雙韻體寫的說教詩, 倡導了古典主義標準，在英國普及了新古典主義6.Alexander Pope stongly advocated neoclassicism,emphasizing thatliterary works should be judged by classical rules of order,reason , logic , restrained emotion, good taste and decorum蒲柏是當時最偉大的詩人，他大力倡導新古典主義，強調文學作品的優劣應由古典的秩序尺度，理性，邏輯，情感的克制，高雅的品位及是否體面，正派來衡量7.The Dunciad is generally considered to be Pope’s best satiricwork群愚史詩是蒲柏最優秀的諷刺作品，他花了十年心血才將其完成8.Daniel Defore describes as a typical Englishmiddle-class man of the eighteen century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonistMoll Flanders 莫爾。
The-Pilgrim’s-Progress
just this side of the River of Death.
• The River of Death死亡河, the dreadful river
that surrounds Mount Zion, deeper or shallower depending on the faith of the one traversing it.
• MERCY宽容, CHRISTIANA's neighbour, who goes with her on pilgrimage and marries MATTHEW.
• MR. GREAT-HEART伟大的心先生, the guide and body-guard sent by the INTERPRETER with CHRISTIANA and her companions from his house to their journey's end. He proves to be one of the main protagonists in the Second Part.
• River of God or River of the Water of Life上帝 之河, a place of solace for the pilgrims. It flows
through a meadow, green all year long and filled with lush fruit trees.
Main Characters
• CHRISTIAN基督, whose name was Graceless at some time before, the protagonist in the First Part, whose journey to the Celestial City is the plot of the story.
The Pilgrim《朝圣者》
and an impression of an invisible man
next to it.
■
马格利特想发展出一种绘 画 技 巧， 避 免 像 大 多 数
现代绘画那样受风格所累。
2 对马格利特来说，重复是
一 个 重 要 的 策 略， 这 不 仅 体
现在他对个别画作主题的处理
上，还促使他多次复绘自己最
egy for Magritte, informing not only
his handling of motifs within individual
pictures, but also encouraging him to
produce multiple copies of some of his
This masterpiece attracts the eye with its
colours: red for the tie, blue for the suit
and white for the shirt. It also attracts at-
tention because it shows a floating head
also provoke unsettling thoughts. They
seem to declare that they hide no mys-
tery, and yet they are also marvelously
strange.
4 The Pilgrim was created in 1966.
greatest works.
3 The illustrative quality of Magritte’s
骑鹅旅行记(节选)概括英语作文
骑鹅旅行记(节选)概括英语作文The Pilgrim's Adventures Abroad: A Compendium of Extraordinary Encounters and Peculiar Observations, as Chronicled by a Peripatetic Gentleman of the Victorian Era.Within the annals of literature, few accounts have captured the spirit of adventure and the transformative power of travel with such vividness and humor as "The Pilgrim's Adventures Abroad." This delightful chronicle, penned by an anonymous Victorian gentleman, recounts the extraordinary experiences of a world-weary Englishman as he embarks on a quixotic journey to the far-flung corners of the globe, accompanied by his loyal companion, a humble goose named Donald.From the bustling streets of Cairo to the serene temples of Kyoto, the pilgrim encounters a kaleidoscope of cultures and customs that both enchant and bewilder him. Along the way, he encounters a cast of unforgettable characters, including:A sardonic Bedouin guide who leads him through the treacherous sands of the Sahara Desert.A mischievous Japanese innkeeper who treats him to a night of traditional kabuki theater.A garrulous American inventor who demonstrates his latest contraption, a steam-powered flying machine.As the pilgrim immerses himself in these foreign lands, he gradually sheds his preconceptions and embraces the unexpected. He learns to appreciate the beauty in the unfamiliar, the wisdom in ancient traditions, and the enduring power of human connection.However, his journey is not without its challenges. He braves treacherous storms at sea, encounters hostile tribes in the African jungle, and even finds himself locked in a duel with a haughty French nobleman. Yet, through it all, he maintains his indomitable spirit, using his keen wit and charm to navigate the most precarious situations.One of the most remarkable aspects of the pilgrim's adventures is his unwavering companionship with Donald, the goose. Far from being a mere pet, Donald proves to be an invaluable asset, providing both emotional support and practical assistance throughout their travels. He serves as the pilgrim's confidant, his guardian against danger, and even his translator in some of the more exotic locales.As the pilgrim and Donald continue their odyssey, they face not only physical obstacles but also profound questions about the nature of existence. Through encounters with philosophers, mystics, and ordinary people from all walks of life, the pilgrim grapples with issues of faith, morality, and the meaning of life.Ultimately, "The Pilgrim's Adventures Abroad" is not merely a travelogue but a profound meditation on the human condition. It is a testament to the transformative power of travel, the importance of embracing the unknown, and the enduring bonds that can be forged between people from all corners of the globe.As the pilgrim and Donald finally return to their homeland, they are forever changed by their experiences. They have gained a deeper understanding of themselves and the world around them, and they carry with them a treasure chest of memories that will sustain them for a lifetime.In the words of the pilgrim himself: "I have traversed continents, beheld wonders, and encountered souls both extraordinary and ordinary. This journey has been acrucible that has forged my character anew, leaving me with a profound appreciation for the beauty and complexity of the human experience. And though I may now bid farewell to the distant lands I have explored, I shall carry the lessons I have learned within my heart, forever gratefulfor the privilege of having embarked on this extraordinary adventure."。
英国文学各个时期流派
英国文学史各个时期中的文学流派古英语和中古英语时期古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期.最早的文学形式是诗歌, 以口头形式流传,主要的诗人是吟游诗人.到基督教传入英国之后,一些诗歌才被记录下来.这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》,用头韵体写成.古英语时期(1066?1500)从1066年诺曼人征服英国,到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语.文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇,民谣和诗歌.在几组骑士传奇中,有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事,其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就.中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣,最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣.3,最重要的诗人是被称为"英国诗歌之父"的乔叟,代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》,取得了很高的艺术成就.他首创了诗歌的双韵体?每两行压韵的五步抑扬格,后被许多英国诗人采用.乔叟用伦敦方言写作,奠定了用英语语言进行文学创作的基础,促进了英语语言文学的发展.文艺复兴时期的英国文学得到了空前的发展,在诗歌,散文和戏剧方面尤其兴盛.诗歌方面,新的诗体形式如十四行诗,无韵体诗被介绍到英国.重要的诗人有Philip Sidney,他不仅写了许多优美的十四行诗,还创作了最早的诗歌理论作品之一《诗辩》.Edmund Spenser用斯宾塞诗节创作了着名长诗《仙后》.莎士比亚除了戏剧创作之外也是一位伟大诗人,着有两部叙事诗,两部长诗和154首十四行诗.英文的《圣经钦定本》作成于1611年,不仅具有重大的宗教意义,也是一部伟大的文学作品,并且对英国的语言文化产生了深远的影响.它的纯朴,平易,明晰的散文风格奠定了英国散文的传统.一个着名的哲学家兼散文家是Francis Bacon,他的文学着作主要有《随笔》,收录了他在各个时期发表的58篇随笔,思想深刻,文笔简洁,富有警句格言.戏剧代表文艺复兴时期英国文学的最高成就.主要戏剧家有马洛(Christopher Marlowe), 莎士比亚(W. Shakespeare).17世纪的英国文学17世纪是英国社会剧烈动荡的时期之一,由于君主专制和资产阶级之间的矛盾,爆发了1642年的内战并导致了1688年的"光荣革命".与政治斗争和资产阶级革命思想紧密相连的是宗教斗争和清教徒思想.因此这一时期的文学和艺术多展示革命思想的发展与成长,并带有浓厚的清教主义倾向.两个代表作家是弥尔顿和班扬.弥尔顿的代表作〈失乐园〉和班扬的代表作〈天路历程〉都取材于〈圣经〉.〈天路历程〉是一部寓言作品,用"基督徒"到达天国的历程象征人类追求美好未来的进程.18世纪的英国文学18世纪产生了一种进步思潮?启蒙运动,这一时期的思想家和作家们崇尚理性,认为启蒙教化是改造社会的基本手段,因此18世纪又被称为"理性的时代".在文学领域体现为18世纪上半期的新古典主义,代表作家有诗人蒲伯(A. Pope)和期刊随笔的创始人斯梯尔(R.Steele)和艾迪生(J.Addison).18中期兴起了英国现代小说,出现了大批有影响的小说家.理查逊(Samuel Richardson)的小说〈帕美拉〉(Pamela)采用书信体形式对人物的心理活动进行细致的描写,大大丰富了小说的创作方法.哥尔德史密斯(Oliver Goldsmith)的〈威克菲牧师传〉(The Vicar of Wakefield)是英国文学史上着名的感伤小说之一.劳伦斯斯特恩(Laurence Sterne)打破传统的叙事方法,创作了〈项迪传〉,而被认为是英国现代派文学的先驱.迪福(Daniel Defoe)是英国文学史上第一个现实主义小说家,代表作是〈鲁滨逊漂流记〉.讲述故事情节并分析鲁滨逊这一人物形象.斯威夫特是英国文学史上着名的讽刺小说家,以犀利的文笔对教会和社会的虚伪腐败进行了辛辣的讽刺.代表作是〈格列佛游记〉菲尔丁是英国最杰出的小说家之一,在理论与实践上都为英国小说的发展作出了贡献.在他的代表作〈汤姆?琼斯〉中,他塑造了众多栩栩如生的人物,展示了错综复杂的社会矛盾.讲述故事情节,分析主题和主要人物形象19世纪的英国文学19世纪英国文学主要包括上半期的浪漫主义时期和中后期的批判现实主义小说.布来克和罗伯特?彭斯属于前浪漫主义诗人.布来克的代表作品有〈天真之歌〉和〈经验之歌〉.彭斯是着名的苏格兰民族诗人,写了很多脍炙人口的歌颂友谊,爱情,自由,平等的诗歌,其中〈一朵红红的玫瑰〉广为流传.浪漫主义全盛时期以华滋华斯与柯律维治联合发表〈抒情歌谣集〉为开始,到瓦尔特斯各特的逝世为止,主要文学成就为诗歌,涌现了华滋华斯为代表的"湖畔派"诗人和拜伦,雪莱,济慈等富有革命理想,颂扬自由与解放的诗人.19世纪中后期的批判现实主义作家真实地描写了英国资产阶级的社会生活,暴露和批判了资产阶级社会的罪恶,对人民群众寄予了深刻的同情.狄更斯是英国最杰出的批判现实主义小说家,善于描写社会底层人们的生活和思想,作品题材广泛,思想深刻;萨克雷则善于描写上层社会形形色色的人物.批判现实主义女性小说家及她们的代表作品:Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Mrs. Gaskell, George Eliot.分析简?爱这一人物形象并分析小说的主题思想.托马斯?哈代是19世纪末20世纪初英国最伟大的现实主义小说家,他称自己的作品是"性格与环境的小说".代表作品是〈德伯家的苔丝〉.20世纪的现代派作家人们对西方文明的危机感和第二次世界大战的恶果促成了西方现代派文学的形成.主要表现为意识流小说,代表作家有詹姆斯乔伊斯和弗洁尼亚沃尔夫.乔伊斯的小说〈尤利西斯〉描写的是现代都市居民庸俗,猥琐的精神生活.弗洁尼亚的〈到灯塔去〉则运用了娴熟的象征手法和意识流技巧.英国文学发展史及每个阶段的特点毋庸置疑，英国小说是世界艺术之林中的一大景观。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
•
《天路历程》不仅仅是一个宗教寓言，还具有深刻的历史寓意，影射了当时社会的历史现实，例如 最明显的浮华集市。在浮华集市的描写中，班扬向我们展示了复辟时期伦敦的景象，以及当时的封 建资产阶级社会。在这里一切都是可以买卖的，包括国土、荣誉、头衔、欲望、快乐、甚至生命等 等。欺骗、谋杀在这里都是正常的。《天路历程》展示了复辟时期复杂的英国社会，表现了班扬对 当时的社会历史的看法，也反映了基督徒在当时社会中的窘境，一方面是对清教的虔诚，一方面是 世俗世界的自私和道德堕落。 《天路历程》除了对文学寓言体的运用，另一文学特色是借助了梦境的形式。班扬把“基督徒”的 旅程置于梦境的框架之中。“基督徒”看到了其他人没有看到的东西，因而矢志远行，寻找天国的 拯救。正是这种能够看到无形的真理世界的能力使基督徒能够经受住各种艰难险阻，并最终达到目 标。在《天路历程》中，班扬依靠这一视觉的隐喻，将那些只能看到眼前事物的人，同那些通过信 仰能够看到真理的人区分开来。
•
•
第二部分最早于1684年出版，写的是基督徒的妻子 “女基督徒”和孩子们在一个叫做“无畏”的人的指 引下，前往天堂的朝圣过程。同基督徒的历程一样， 他们也从毁灭城出发，在到达天国城的大门之前，遇 到了同样的艰难险阻。然而这两个旅程却又很不相同。 基督徒是自己上路，他在路上会受到这样那样的帮助， 有时也有一个两个同伴，但基本上是他独自一人行进 在通往漫漫的天国道路上。而女基督徒却是与他人结 伴而行，而且他们的同伴一路上不断壮大，相互帮助， 相互支持。 The Second Part of The Pilgrim's Progress presents the pilgrimage of Christian's wife, Christiana; their sons; and the maiden, Mercy. They visit the same stopping places that Christian visited. By using heroines, Bunyan, in the Second Part, illustrates the idea that women as well as men can be brave pilgrims.
•
• 《天路历程》对寓言体这 一古老文学体裁的运用， 对梦境的形式的借用、生 动的现实主义描写、和谐 的结构安排、戏剧性的对 话，以及简洁平易的语言 风格，都使它不仅仅是一 本宗教著作，而是一部文 学经典。
•
•
《天路历程》现行的版本包含两部分，第一部分出版于1678 年。它借用了寓言和梦境的形式，书中的叙述者在梦中看到 一个叫做“基督徒”的人正在读一本书，知道了自己居住的 城市将遭天火焚毁，惊恐不已。这时一个叫“传道者”的人 指点他必须逃离自己的故乡，前往天国。基督徒背负着世界 的重担，从此踏上了艰难而勇敢的历程，为自己、也为他人 寻找救赎。从毁灭城出发，他经历了许多考验，遇到了各种 阴险人物的诱惑和凶险。一路上，基督徒学会了如何抵制诱 惑，战胜困难，最终达到了自己的目标，天堂的大门向他敞 开。 Christian, an everyman character, is the protagonist of the allegory, Christian is weighed down by a great burden, the knowledge of his sin, which he believed came from his reading "the book in his hand" (the Bible). This burden, which would cause him to sink into Hell, is so unbearable that Christian must seek deliverance. Christian leaves his home, his wife, and children to save himself: he cannot persuade them to accompany him.
•
•
•
《天路历程》是英格兰基督教作家、布道家 约翰·班扬的著作，于1678年2月出版，是一 首基督教的寓言诗（Allegory），后来也被 认为是小说。它被认为是最重要的英国文学 作品之一，被翻译成200多种文字。被誉为 “英国文学中最著名的寓言”,家喻户晓的程 度仅次于《圣经》。 本书讲述了一个坚韧的基督徒为寻求永生而 踏上荆棘遍布的漫漫长旅，充满危险，诱惑 与灾难的尘世被他一步步抛弃，只为负罪的 灵魂在高天之上得到迎接。小说人物形象丰 满，想像奇特，故事生活化，对人性弱点的 观照尖锐而深刻，理想主义的热情震撼人心， 因而超越了时间和宗教的局限，在成书三百 多年后的今天依然光彩夺目。 The Pilgrim's Progress is a Christian allegory written by John Bunyan and published in 1678. It is regarded as one of the most significant works of religious English literature and has been translated into more than 200 languages.
•
班扬怀着向世人阐明神谕的心情来写作 《天路历程》，即便在监狱中也没有放 弃。他以一个宗教徒的眼光来看待自己 生活的世界，发现了这个世界中太多的 丑恶，因此他会彷徨、会苦闷、会无助。 然而他又从自己的信仰中获得了信心， 他要告诉人们，在通往天国的路上，也 就是人们在世间经历的日子里，基督徒 的历程也象征着人类追求美好未来的进 程。一个善良的旅行者披荆斩棘，绝路 逢生，有多少令人失望或者蒙蔽愚昧的 事情，也有多少令人感动和春冰消融的 故事。每种文化都需要批判者。 肖伯纳评价约翰·班扬说：“这是生活 真正的乐趣，小车不倒尽管推，要做大 自然的一股力量，而不做那种极端自私 的渺小的可怜虫，百病缠身，牢骚满腹， 总是抱怨这个世界不能全力以赴地为你 造福。”班扬在经历了诸多的苦难后没 有抱怨人生，而是以宁静之心回报世人。
•
• 约翰·班扬以独特的手法把人内心世界的各种心理活动人物 化，比如在奔走天路的路程上可能会碰到的"怀疑"、"盼望 "、"灰心""仁爱"等。本书在你的眼前描画出一个人，他正 在把那永久的赏赐找寻：你会看见他从哪里来，到哪里去； 他撇下什么没有做，他做的又是什么；你看见他怎样不停 地赶着行程，一直赶到那荣耀的门。
The Pilgrim's Progr源自ss——John Bunyan
•
约翰·班扬(1628-1688)，是英国文学史 上著名的小说家和散文家。他1628年生 于英国，父亲是一个补锅匠。由于家境 拮据，班扬所受教育有限。他少年时加 入克伦威尔的军队，从军生涯是他一生 的转折点。班扬在军队中听浸礼派时道， 并对《圣经》和马丁·路德的著作刻苦 钻研。他于1647年加入了不奉国教的新 教，开始传教生涯，因在传教时没有获 得国教教会的批准，先后两次入狱。他 的代表作、英文作品中最成功的宗教寓 言《天路历程》就是在狱中完成的。班 扬的语言具体生动，情节鲜明真实，简 单易懂。