2018-2019年英语高中学业水平测试课件:专题二名词
山东省2018-2019学年高一下学期期末学业水平诊断英语试题 Word版含答案
2018-2019学年度第二学期期末学业水平诊断高一英语试题说明:本试卷由四个部分组成,共12页,满分150分,考试用时120分钟。
请把答案全部涂写在答题卡上,考试结束后,只交答题卡。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Take a week off.B. Apply for a job.C. Cancel a holiday plan.2. How much does the man need to pay?A. $4.B. $8.C. $12.3. Where does the conversation take place?A. At home.B. In a clinic.C. In a store.4. What is the man doing?A. Looking for a car.B. Visiting a company.C. Picking up the woman.5. Whom has the man sent an invitation to?A. Rosa.B. Laura.C. Maria.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
2018-2019学年高一英语新人教版必修2课件:Unit 2 The Olympic Games2.3
一
二
7.Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事,今日毕。 8.Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁热打铁。 9.Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down. 千古之业非枯坐可等。 10.The pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last. 得意过头终失意,多行夜路必见鬼。 一般现在时态的被动语态: 6,9,10 一般将来时态的被动语态: 3 一般过去时态的被动语态: 1 含有情态动词的被动语态: 4,7
一般将来时的被动语态 语法图解
1.一般将来时的被动语态的结构 一般将来时的被动语态是表示在将来某一时间发生或存在的被 动动作。其肯定结构为:will/shall+be+及物动词的过去分词;否定结 构为:won’t/shan’t+be+及物动词的过去分词。
2.一般将来时的被动语态的用法 (1)表示将要发生的被动动作。 单句语法填空 ①But in all,only 150 cans (use) up over the cat’s lifetime—and we’ll still have 100 left over for the next cat. 答案:will be used ②(2017· 全国Ⅱ)This production of Shakespeare’s Richard Ⅲ (direct) by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying. 答案:will be directed
高中英语会考复习--名词.ppt
呼语 Be quiet, children.
连词 The moment they saw the tower, they cheered.
• 但是,也有例外。海湾农奴信酋长,悬崖 证据上顶房。
在这些词中,由单数变复数时,直接在词 尾加-s构成,即:海湾(gulf - gulfs)农奴 (serf - serfs)信(belief -beliefs)酋长 (chief - chiefs),悬崖(cliff -cliffs)证据 (proof - proofs)上顶房(即房顶、屋顶 roof - roofs)
(2)以f或fe结尾的词:
• 以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为ves, 例knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; scarf(围巾)→scarves
• 树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去杀牛;架后 窜出一只狼,就像小偷逃命忙。 解释:leaf(树叶)half(一半)self(自己) wife(妻子) knife(刀子)calf (小牛) shelf(架子)wolf(狼)thief(小偷)life (生命)
• (6) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when…
(7) I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.
• 1. (waters 改为water,因“水”为物质名词,不可 数)
• 2.(times 改为 time,some time 意为“某时”)
Englishmen, American--
Americans German--Germans.
• 极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。
2018-2019年英语高中学业水平测试阅读理解:第Ⅱ题专题二主旨、要义、作者的意图产、观点和态度类题目
专题二主旨、要义、作者的意图、观点和态度类题目[命题特点]针对文章的主要内容、中心思想、段落大意以及文章的标题进行设问。
(1)设题关键词:①general idea/main idea/mainly tells...②main meaning/attitude towards...③intention/intend to.../tend to.../have a tendency...(2)设题切入点:从文章中的名词、动词、形容词、副词可推断作者的意图与态度。
态度、观点、赞同的关键词:approval/approve/be in favour of,argue,believe,suppose,think,be convinced that...[考查重点](1)对文章的归纳总结能力。
(2)对标题关键词的提炼能力。
[方法技巧](1)利用信息词(如all in all,in a word,there-fore,It shows...等)确定主题句、总结句的位置。
(2)对于主题隐含的段落,先弄清问题的意思,然后快速通读全文,逐项排除,确定主旨。
(3)记叙文:“何人何时何地何法干何事”。
(4)议论文:多在首段或尾段。
(5)夹叙夹议:多在尾段。
Passage 1Over 70 percent of the “double single-child couples”in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids, according to a recent survey.Women of China magazine and a consulting company carried out a survey recently on young couples of the “single-child”generation, the Morning Post reports. The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average, with university education and monthly income of 4,000 yuan($531). Among them, 43.5 percent have kids.Results show that 71.9 percent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids.Grown up as the “single-child”,the only child in a family since the family planning policy which was adopted in 1979, this generation depends much on their parents.The parents of the “single-child” generation focused more on their children's physical well-being rather than their attitudes and values, according to some psychologists.The research also found that the “double single-child couples” follow a rather traditional value system.Survey shows that 27.5 percent of them got married after dating for one to two years, 25.2 percent two to five years, and 20 percent didn't tie the knot until dating for five years. Also, 30 percent of the couples were schoolmates, while 43.8 percent were introduced bysomeone.Since their marriage is based on enduring relationships, 65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise(妥协)and tolerance(宽容) are necessary in their marriage. Meanwhile, 21.7 percent of the husbands and 37.1 percent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了让父母照顾孩子的社会现象。
2018-2019年英语高中学业水平考试模拟测试卷(二) Word版含解析
学业水平考试模拟测试卷(二)(时间:90分钟满分:100分)Ⅰ.情景交际(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下列简短对话,从A、B、C和D中选出最佳答案,将对话补全。
1.—I'd like to choose yellow as the colour of our bedroom.—________.The colour brings me a warm and comfortable feeling.A.No wayB.Sounds greatC.In your dreamsD.I can't decide答案:B2.—My robot has caught a virus and it has gone wrong.—________.You'd better have it checked.A.Don't mention it B.No problemC.I'm sorry to hear thatD.That's OK答案:C3.—Would you mind asking Jenny to show me around Mei Lanfang Park?—________.She's busy with her work.A.Better not B.Yes,please C.Never mind D.Not at all答案:A4.—I think RunningMan is the most popular TV game show now.—________.A.I can't agree more B.That's all rightC.Never mind D.I'm glad to hear that答案:A5.—Reading is the best way to pass time on the train.—________.I never go travelling without a book.A.You are joking B.That's trueC.I don't think so D.It sounds like fun答案:BⅡ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,掌握其大意,然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
2018-2019学年人教版高中英语必修四课件:unit 2 section 2
课前 自主预习
课内 研析探究
课后 拓展提升
[思维拓展]
hungry adj.饿的 go hห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ngry 挨饿
If crops are destroyed,thousands of people may go hungry. 如果庄稼被毁了,成千上万的人可能要挨饿。
英语 必修4
Unit 2 Working the land
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的粮食。
英语 必修4
Unit 2 Working the land
课前 自主预习
课内 研析探究
课后 拓展提升
课内 研析探究
英语 必修4
Unit 2 Working the land
课前 自主预习
课内 研析探究
课后 拓展提升
struggle n.& vi.斗争,拼搏,努力 (教材P10)Indeed,his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers,for
英语 必修4
Unit 2 Working the land
课前 自主预习
课内 研析探究
课后 拓展提升
2._A__lt_h_o_u_g_h__he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer,___fo_r___he works the land _t_o_d_o__h_is__re_s_e_a_r_ch__.
英语 必修4
2018-2019学年高中英语外研版必修一课件:Module 2 Section Ⅰ Reading
教 材 语 篇 细 研
4.scientific 5.organised
返 首 页
新 生 词 汇 初 识
6.impression 7.serious 8.wave 9.summary
F.adj.严肃的 G.vt.欣赏;感激 H.adj.精力充沛的 I.adj.科学的 J.n.总结;摘要;提要
.Hale Waihona Puke 教 材 语 篇 细 研D.the differences between the senior high school and junior high school teachers
课 时 分 层 作 业
【答案】 1-4 BCAC
返 首 页
新 生 词 汇 初 识
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息 细读 P12 教材课文,选择最佳答案 1.The first impression of Mrs Li on the writer is A.nervous and shy .
教 材 语 篇 细 研
C.he is the best teacher of all the students' teachers D.he has a very special teaching method
返 首 页
新 生 词 汇 初 识
4.What's the writer's attitude to his new teachers? A.He likes his teachers very much. B.He likes Mrs Li and Mr Wu and dislikes Mrs Chen. C.Most of the students don't like Mrs. Chen. D.Mrs Li is better than the rest of two.
2018-2019学年高一英语新人教版必修2课件:Unit 2 The Olympic Games2.4
Writing
概要写作
针对训练
该题型提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一 篇60词左右的内容概要。该题型有以下特点: 1.原文以说明文、议论文为主。 2.概要,基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括,或者两段一个大 意,最多用两句话概括。 3.要着重训练自己对文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括 能力。
概要写作
针对训练
[写作步骤] 1.仔细阅读原文,掌握文章的主旨大意。在阅读过程中,要注意搜 寻要点,如议论文中的论点、论据,记叙文中的发展、高潮、结局 等。 2.列出文章的要点和各段落的主题句。可以用下划线标记,也可 做笔记,将要点逐一列出。 3.分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述,并注意在结构上 的顺序。 4.写出初稿。根据列出的要点和对原文的理解,用自己的语言组 织内容,尝试写出概要。 5.修改、定稿。认真阅读初稿,对照原文,检查是否漏掉重要内容。 检查并确定拼写、语法、标点正确无误。检查是否符合规定的词 数要求。
概要写作
针对训练
[方法技巧] 在掌握一定的解题步骤后,为了顺利完成概要写作,学生在写作 时还需要注意以下方法技巧。 1.要点齐全。概要写作主要考查学生概括文章主旨大意和准确 获取关键信息的能力,关键信息获取不准确往往导致所写概要要点 不齐全。要点全面是评分的重要方面,因此学生要训练自己的语篇 能力和阅读能力,既要把握文本的整体和部分又要把握它们之间的 逻辑关系。 2.精练简洁。精练指的是概括的内容要高度浓缩。学生可以利 用概括的方法对文本内容进行提炼,用删略的方法去换不重要或者 不必要的细节。简洁指的是所使用的语言简练。学生可以用抽象 的、概括性的语言代替具体形象的语言。
概要写作
针对训练
A lot of people share information online to picture their true self to the outside world. Some people, especially those who are shy and not comfortable talking about their areas of interest in the presence of others, find it extremely convenient to share that information online with others. According to the study, 78% of the people said they shared information online because it helps them develop better relationships. Today, people are so busy that they do not have the time to meet each other personally. A lot of people now“meet” each other online, rather than in places like restaurants and pubs.
2018-2019学年黑龙江省高中学业水平测试英语试题Word版含答案
2018年黑龙江省高中学业水平测试英语试题(时间:120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分,满分7,5分)听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从題中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置,听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题,每段对话仅读一遍1. What will the woman do today?A. Have lunch with the man B Buy a pair of glasses C. See a doctor2.What are the speakers probably talking about?A. Fred's faultB.A careless mistakeC.A car accident3. Where is the man now?A. At homeB. In the officeC. In a restaurant4. Why don't the jeans suit the woman?A. She bought the wrong size.B.She isn't as strong as before.C. She gained much weight.5. What are the speakers doing?A. Looking around an apartment. B Doing the laundry(洗衣服) C. Shopping第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22,5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟。
听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间,每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
2018-2019学年高中英语外研版必修2课件:Module 2
背景e站链接
• 如果有人邀请你去喝酒或吸毒,知道如何拒 绝吗?读一读下面的文章,它一定会对你有 所帮助的。 • Ways teens can say no to alcohol and drugs • Many teens will be asked to try alcohol or drugs by friends or classmates. As parents, the best thing we can do is to give them ways to say no.
• 知识点击 • ①stuff事情 ②die from 死于 ③do good to 对……有益 ④tend to 倾向于……
• 自主探究 • Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. • What does the underlined word“it” in the text refer to? • A. Alcohol. • B. Doing drugs. • C. Following a strong leader among them. • D. Arguing with someone about alcohol or drugs.
• Once your teens have given their answers, they should be ready to leave. It hardly does any good to③ argue with someone about alcohol or drugs, and it might make it difficult for your teens to stick with their answer if they stay. • Kids should be confident in their answers. By giving a firm(坚定的) “no”, your teens can actually influence their friends in a good way. Teens tend to④ follow a strong leader among them, and sometimes all it takes is a positive teen that says no to drugs to keep
【同步课件】2018-2019学年高中英语(牛津版)必修3课件:Unit2《Writing》
2.How did you find the information?
On the internet
3.What have you found out or proved in
thห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ report?
Some words can be used to help us to be polite.
Task
Writing on body language
Revision: Formulating written questions
•Get to the point!
•Give all necessary background information.
•Use simple language
your report. 4. Conclusion—A summary of the report. It
sometimes includes advice.
Self-guidance (2)
Please go through the notes, organize the notes below into a proper order, write the correct numbers in the boxes.
Learning objectives
1.Master the writing skills about a report on body language.
2. Write a report about the daily average amount of time of the students ‘after -class activities.
Self-study guidance (1)
专题二 名词 语法课件 2020-2021学年高中英语学业水平测试(合格性) (共21张PPT)
三、常见的转换名词辨析
后缀
形式
含义
例词
新
ation/
graduation毕业
智 慧
ition/ sion/
与动词结合
行为;状 态
competition竞争 conclusion结论
教 育
(t)ion
contribution贡献
出 品
ar/er or
与动词结合
动作的发 出者
writer作家 director导演
人;物;行为
arrival到达 approval同意
新
ness
与形容词结 性质;状态;
合
特点
illness疾病 awareness意识 silliness愚蠢
智 慧 教 育
age
与名词或动 结果;状态 词结合
package包裹 marriage婚姻
出 品
ing 与动词结合 产物;结果
painting绘画(作品) saying格言
育 出
2.名词与动词常见搭配。
品
catch sight of 瞥见
make use of 利用
make a fool of 愚弄
pay attention to 注意
set foot in 进入,访问
新
take notice of 注意到
智 慧
find fault with 挑……的错
教 育
keep pace with 与……同步
Negro→Negroes
hero→heroes
而其他一般在词尾加-s。如:
zoo→zoos radio→radios
新
4.复合名词前面的名词是 man 或 woman,变复数
广东省普通高中高中英语学业水平测试 Unit 2 The Olympic Games课件 新人教必修
the host
will host
14
语法精讲
一般将来时的被动语态1.一般将来时的被动语态的构成(以动词ask为例)
15
语法精讲
2.一般将来时的被动语态的用法(1)表示根据计划或者安排将要发生的被动动作。 The meeting is to be held on April 10th. 会议将于4月10日举行。(2)表示有固定性条件就有规律性的被动结果。 If you speak in class,you will be punished. 如果你在课堂上讲话,你将会被惩罚。
to stand for
represent
8
考点过关
4.admit vt. & vi. 容许;承认;接纳拓展:【派生词】admission n. 承认;入场费搭配:① be admitted to / into 接受进入;录取 ② be admitted as 被接受为练习:(1)It was painful__________ __________ that I was wrong. 要自己认错,是件很痛苦的事。(2)Now more middle school graduates__________ __________ __________ __________ universities.现在更多的中学毕业生将被大学录取。
高中英语 ②
必 修
Unit2 The Olympic Games
2
单词
1. compete vi.比赛;竞争2. admit vt.& vi.容许;承认;接纳 3. host vt.做东;主办;招待 n. 主人 4. replace vt.取代;替换;代替
will be invited
2019-2020年英语高中学业水平测试课件:第二部分 专题二 名词和主谓一致
第二部分基础语法突破专题二名词和主谓一致名词一、可数名词单数变复数规则1.规则变化。
一般情况下,在词尾直接加s;以s, x, sh, ch结尾的,在词尾加-es;以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变成i,再加-es;以f或fe结尾的,多数变f或fe为v再加-es。
2.不规则变化。
(1)变内部元音。
foot—feet脚man—men男人woman—women女人tooth—teeth牙mouse—mice老鼠goose—geese鹅gentleman—gentlemen绅士(2)单复数同形的名词。
sheep绵羊deer鹿spacecraft太空船aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人Swiss瑞士人means方法crossroads十字路口headquarters总部series连续species种类works工厂head头(量词)(3)常以复数形式出现的名词。
clothes衣服glasses眼镜chopsticks筷子trousers裤子goods商品,货物contents目录sands沙滩woods森林,树林times时代lines台词surroundings环境belongings财产earnings收入arms武器manners礼貌forces军队(4)有两种复数形式的名词。
people人民—people 民族—peoples fish鱼(条数)—fish 鱼(种类)—fishes(5)集体名词的数。
①只表示复数意义的集体名词。
people人,人们police警察cattle牛②侧重成员时表示复数意义,侧重整体时表示单数意义的集体名词。
这类集体名词侧重于成员时,表示复数意义,不再变复数形式;侧重整体时表示单数意义,表示多个这样的整体时有复数变化形式。
class班级family家庭team队public大众army军队government政府二、名词所有格1.'s所有格。
2018-2019学年度第二学期高二级英语
2018-2019学年度第二学期高二级英语一、阅读理解(共两节,满分100分)第一节(共15小题:每小题3分,满分45分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.AKing Midas used to love gold.One day he met a fairy who all owed him to make a wish for something.The king replied at once , “I love gold .I want everything I touch(触摸) to change into gold”.“Very well , tomorrow morning, ever ything you touch will turn into gold .”Saying this, the fairy disa ppeared.The king waited excitedly till the next morning.To his joy ,ev erything he touched changed immediately into gold.“I’m the richest man in the world now.” He shouted.Soon Midas became hungry.He sat down at his table.All th e foods and drinks turned into gold in his hand .“I’m dying of hunger.” He cried.Just then his daughter came running in .“Why are you so sa d , dad ?” she asked, putting her arms around him.There an d then she became a golden statue.The king loved his daug hter very much .Seeing this ,he began to cry.He looked up a nd suddenly saw the fairy before him.“Don’t you like the gold en touch?” asked the fairy.“Please take it away,” begged the king,“give me back my daughter.”“Well, you have learned you r lesson.Go and wash in the river.Then the golden touch w ill be gone.” The king ran quickly to the nearby river.1.The fairy allowed the king to make a wish because_____ A.she hoped to make the king the richest in the world.B.She loved gold too.C.She wanted to teach the king a lesson.D.She wanted to turn the king’s daughter into gold. 2.When the foods and drinks turned into gold the king was _ ____A.excited B.hungry C.worried D.hap py3.Which of the following might have happened afterwards?A.The king died in the river.B.The king’s daughter changed back from gold to a lovely gi rl.C.All the things the king had touched changed back into real ones.D.Both B and CBA young woman carrying a three-year-old child got on a bus. The conductor(售票员) hurried to give her a warm welcome and then kindly ask ed the other passengers to make more room for the woman a nd her child. On seeing this, people began to talk. "You know this conductor used to be very rude. Now suddenly he has ch anged his bad behavior , "said a middle-aged man."Yes, he should be praised and we must write a letter to the c ompany," said a second passenger. "That's right," another lad y said, "I wish a newspaper reporter were here so that more p eople could learn from this conductor. "Just then a gentleman who looked like a teacher turned to the conductor and said , "Excuse me, but can I know your name, please? Your excellent service must be praised..."Before he could open his mouth, the three-year-old child sitting on the young woman's lap interrupted, "I know his name. I call him Dad."4. One passenger suggested writing a letter to the company t o ________A. make a demand for more busesB. thank the conductor for his good serviceC. criticize the conductor for his rude behaviorD. invite a newspaper reporter to write about the conductor5. What was the gentleman?A. A teacher.B. A newspaper reporter.C. Not known from the story.D. The conductor's friend from his company.6. The word "he" in the last paragraph refers to_______.A. the gentlemanB. the conductorC. the middle-aged manD. the three-year-old child7. It is clear from the story that the conductor _______.A. has changed his attitude towards his workB. has now been kind and polite to all passengersC. has not changed his rude behavior to passengersD. has now been kind and polite to women with childrenCHave you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing when yo u are happy.Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time ju st because they are happy. However, they sing most of the ti me for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warn ing to other birds to stay out of their territory.Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that a n animal, usually the male, claims (声称) as its own. Only he and his family are welcome there. No other families of the same species are welcome. Your house i s your territory where only your family and friends are welcom e. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, y ou might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.If so, you have actually frightened the stranger away without h aving to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting (筑巢) season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can s ee an outsider or not. This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.Some scientists believe that most of the time bird’s singing is actually ________.A.an expression of happinessB. a way of warningC. an expression of angerD. a way of greeting9. What is a bird’s“territory”?A. A place where families of other species are not accepted.B. A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.C. An area for which birds fight against each other.D. An area which a bird considers to be its own.Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season?A . Because they want to invite more friends.B. Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away.C. Because they want to find outsiders around.D. Because their singing helps get rid of their fears.How does the writer explain birds’ singing?A By comparing birds with human beings.B. By reporting experiment results.C. By describing birds’ daily life.D. By telling a bird’s story.DWhat will man be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be differen t from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time .Let us take an obvious example.Man, even five hundred year s ago, was shorter than he is today.Now, on average, men ar e about three inches taller.Five hundred years is a relatively s hort period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal.Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of th e brain's capacity.As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need l arger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to t he head, in particular the forehead, which will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use.In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses.But over a very long period of time it is likely tha t man's eyes will grow stronger.On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs.These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker.At the sametime, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because t hey are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the bo dy altogether in course of time because it does not serve a us eful purpose any longer.In the future, then, both sexes are like ly to be bald.Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not b e a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true.Al l the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still h ave a lot in common with us.He will still be a human being, wit h thoughts and emotions similar to our own.12.The passage mainly tells us that ________.A.man's life will be different in the futureB.future man will look quite different from usC.man is growing taller and uglier as time passesD.man's organs' functions will be on the wane13.What serves as the evidence that man is changing? A.Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had. B.Man's hair is getting thinner and thinner.C.Man's arms and legs have become lighter and weaker. D.Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.14.Which is TRUE about a human being in the future? A.He is hairless because hair is no longer useful.B.He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.C.His fingers grow weaker because he doesn't have to mak e use of them.D.He thinks and feels in different ways.15.It is implied that ________.A.human beings will become less attractive in the future B.less use of a bodily organ may lead to its degeneration (退化)C.human beings hope for a change in the future life D.future life is always predictable第二节:七选五(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
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(3)复合名词的复数形式 ①有些以名词为中心的复合名词,把该名词变为复 数形式;有的复合名词没有名词中心词,则在该词的最 后加-s。 looker-on→lookers-on grown-up→grown-ups ②man 和 woman 作定语时, 其本身的单复数形式与
被修饰词的单复数一致。 a man doctor→two men doctors a woman teacher→three women teachers
第二部分 基础语法突破
专题二 名词
一、名词的分类 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词叫作名 词。名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。具体情况见 下表:
例词 April,China,the 表示特定的人、 Great Wall,the 专有名词 地点、事Negro→Negroes
有些名词是以 s 结尾,看似复数,但并非复数,而是 其本身的词尾就是 s,实为不可数名词,如 news(新闻), maths(数学),physics(物理),politics(政治)。有些以 s 结 尾,实为单复数同形,如 means(方法),works(工厂)。 ②有些抽象名词加 s 意思改变,如 woods(森林), sands(沙漠),waters(海洋),works(著作)
three boy students(boy 用单数) ten girl workers(girl 用单数)
三、名词的功能 1.名词在句中可以作不同成分,可以作主语、宾语、 补足语、表语、同位语、称呼语、状语、定语和介词的 宾语。 2.名词作定语往往是说明被修饰词的材料、用途、 类别等,作定语的名词通常用单数。 gold chain 金链子 mountain village 山村 coffee cup 咖啡杯 winter holiday 寒假
(1)名词复数的规则变化
变化 例词 一般情况下在词尾直接加-s map→maps park→parks 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的,在 bus→buses box→boxes 词尾加-es brush→brushes watch→watches 以f,fe 直接加s belief→beliefs safe→safes 结尾的 变f,fe为v,再加 leaf→leaves wife→wives -es
(2) 以 - ment 结 尾 , 表 示 “ 行 为 或 结 果 ” 。如 achievement,management,amusement,requirement, statment , development , equipment , disagreement , advertisement,appointment 等。 (3)以-er/or 结尾,表示“……的人” 。如 reporter, waiter,interviewer,player,winner,farmer,learner, actor,visitor,collector,director,inventor 等。 (4)以-ant 结尾,表示“……的人” 。如 assistant, attendant,servant,merchant 等。
分类
含义
可数 表示某类人或 名词 个体名词 事物中的个体
普 表示若干个个 集体名词 通 体组成的集体 名 不可 表示构成各种 词 数名 物质名词 物体的物质或 词 材料的词 表示状态、品 质、行为、感 抽象名词 情等抽象概念 的词
dictionary,actor, student,window,table, book,bike,ball family,police,class, group,team rice,glass,mutton, paper,air,wood, wool,wheat,steel
(5)以-ist 结尾,表示“……专家,从事……的人” 。 如 tourist,violinist,pianist,artist,scientist 等。 (6)以-ian/-an 结尾,表示“有……特征的,专长 于……的人” 。如 musician,historian,physician 等。 (7)以-ice 结尾, 表示 “行为, 性质, 状态” 。 如 notice, justice,service,choice 等。 (8)以-dom 结尾,表示“集体,领域,状态” 。如 freedom,kingdom,wisdom 等。
(2)名词复数的不规则变化
变化 oo→ee a→e 词尾加-en或-ren 特殊变化 不变化
例词 foot→feet tooth→teeth goose→geese man→men woman→women ox→oxen child→children mouse→mice sheep deer Chinese fish Japanese
以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y
family→families
为i,再加-es
以字母o 结尾的 加-s(无生命的)
baby→babies
zoo→zoos photo→photos volcano→volcanoes hero→heroes potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes
加-es(有生命的)
knowledge,danger, health,life,kindness, interest,love
二、名词的数 在英语中,普通名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分 为可数名词与不可数名词。 1.可数名词的单复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数可数名词前 面一般要用不定冠词 a 或 an;复数可数名词是在单数名 词后面加-s 或-es,其变化如下:
常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数;man 和 woman 作定语时,其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数而变 化。 sports meeting 运动会 men doctors 男医生们 sales manager 销售经理 women teachers 女教师们
四、名词构词法 在英语学习中名词很重要,在词类中占的比例也很 大,而且有些词,如动词、形容词等通过形式上的变化 会成为名词。下面是动词变名词时主要的几种后缀。 (1)以-(t)ion 结尾,表示“行为或状态” 。如 action, collection , suggestion , invitation , information , instruction, exhibition, attraction, pollution, solution 等。