从《绝望主妇》各主角看美国家庭问题
从《绝望的主妇》看中美婚姻观和家庭观的不同
从《绝望的主妇》看中美婚姻观和家庭观的不同作者：苏丹来源：《亚太教育》2016年第11期摘要：作为一部曾在许多国家和地区创下惊人收视率的家庭美剧，《绝望的主妇》近年来受到越来越多中国观众的追捧。
本片从一个已故家庭主妇的视角，讲述了美国一个郊外小区紫藤街里四位性格不同的家庭主妇的生活。
透过这样贴近生活的美剧，我们不仅可以了解到美国社会普通老百姓的日常生活，也可以从中领会到许多中美文化的差异。
因此，本文采用个案分析法和归纳法，着重探讨中美两国人民在家庭观和婚姻观上存在的差异。
通过对这些差异的分析与总结，帮助我们了解中美两国独特的文化内涵，同时也有助于两国人民进行有效的跨文化交际。
关键词：绝望的主妇；中美；婚姻；家庭；不同一、前言《绝望的主妇》是一部由美国广播公司出品的家庭伦理电视剧。
故事以一个虚构的美国郊外住宅区紫藤街为背景，描述了四位美国家庭妇女的生活。
他们是单身母亲苏珊，完美主妇布丽，能干主妇丽奈特，迷人但不幸的加布丽尔。
由于其超高的人气，《绝望的主妇》也在国内学术界引发了热烈的讨论。
大多数学者从电视艺术和语言学角度来分析此剧，肯定了其故事发展模式和语言运用的独特性。
然而，作为一部贴近美国人真实生活的电视剧，其背后蕴藏的文化内涵，如婚姻观和家庭观更值得我们讨论。
本文以《绝望的主妇》这部电视剧为出发点，着重探讨中美两国文化在婚姻观和家庭观上的不同。
二、《绝望的主妇》中不同的婚姻观（一）对待婚姻的态度1.中国人对待婚姻的态度对大多数中国人来说，婚姻是人生大事。
婚姻不仅意味着两个人的结合，更意味着两个家庭的结合。
早在结婚前，即将结婚的年轻男女通常会拜访彼此的家庭，以了解家庭情况。
当他们决定结婚的时候，几乎所有的家庭成员都会来帮忙准备婚礼（李信，2003：87）。
虽然有时儿子不想结婚，但父母会以年龄或孝顺父母为借口劝其找一个合适的人结婚。
在这种情况下，婚姻不是建立在个人意愿的基础上，而是基于家庭压力。
结婚有时不是为了自己，而是为了别人。
美国电视剧《绝望主妇》中的社会文化分析
美国电视剧《绝望主妇》中的社会文化分析作者：马晔溶来源：《传播力研究》2018年第01期摘要：针对美国电视剧《绝望主妇》剧情内容予以讨论，从在“极度非道叠化”社会中疯狂的“绝望主妇”及在“看似安全稳定”社会中充满着“未知风险”两个方面进行分析，结合电视剧讨论其中所隐含的社会文化特点。
关键词：美国电视剧；《绝望主妇》；社会文化《绝望主妇》（Desperate house-wives）是继《欲望都市》后美国最热门的电视连续剧之一，自开播后便受到人们的热评，其收视率相对较高，在世界范围内得以传播，为优秀的电视剧作品。
人们在观看电视剧的同时，对与此相关的女性主题、家庭主题作品的热议随之增加，在讨论电视剧中故事情节的同时，也展示出人们对于社会文化的理解，彰显出不同时代背景下人们的思想观念与价值观念。
文章将基于美国电视剧《绝望主妇》的剧情内容加以分析，探究其中所蕴含的社会文化，简单表述观看《绝望主妇》后的想法。
一、在“极度非道叠化”社会中疯狂的“绝望主妇”《绝望主妇》中未应用大量叙事的创作手法，基于“私访”的情况，彰显出各个家庭中所发生的各类秘密事件，展现出工业化时期的社会发展特点以及“主妇们”的生活状态[1]。
《绝望主妇》创作背景在一个寻常的美国郊区小镇中“紫藤街（Wisteria Lane）”。
尽管其小镇没有任何异常，但是每一天却会发生很多不寻常的秘密事件。
各类任意妄为的行为，绝情的离婚事件，夫妻之间铭感的话题以及各类由于性关系所引发的暴力事件等等。
“主妇们”的生活具有凌乱的特点，而频繁发生的谋杀案、凶杀案等等，则彰显出人性丑陋的一面，邻里之间的关系处于紧张与戒备状态下[2]。
尽管电视剧中并没有血腥且暴力的场面，但是却给人以不适的感受。
人们产生不适感受的原因突出表现在两个方面，其一为伦理原则，其二则为家庭理念。
基于伦理学角度而言，接连发生的凶杀案、谋杀案等等，是因为工业化时期人们所产生的自我角度意识，进而使人们的自我意识逐渐膨胀，以自我为中心[3]。
从《绝望的主妇》看美国家庭教育观
从《绝望的主妇》看美国家庭教育观13020210 13商英2班丁海霞《绝望的主妇》作为经典美剧之一，通过一位美国已故家庭主妇的视角，描写了美国一个郊外小区紫藤巷里的几个家庭之间的故事。
这部美剧长达八季，其中不乏跌宕起伏的故事情节，浪漫美丽的爱情故事，但其中令我印象最深刻的还是其中三个主角---布里，苏珊，丽奈特在家庭中的教育观念。
布里-范-德-坎普作为几个家庭主妇中教育观念最重的的母亲，她的行为令我最出乎意料。
她是一个古板严苛的女人，同时也是一个教条化很严重的母亲。
在编剧的叙述中，当布里刚搬到紫藤巷时，因孩子捡到一个邻居家的玩偶，她就毫无怀疑的断定这是孩子偷来了，还一定要带着孩子到邻居家认错，并在大庭广众下羞辱自己的孩子是个“毛还没长齐的小偷”。
当然，及时给孩子纠正错误无可厚非，但是只凭自己的想法而给自己的孩子判刑，并毫不留情的伤害孩子的自尊心，这是不正确的。
她还是一个追求完美达到偏执的女人，为了能在众人面前显得傲然出众是费尽了心计与思量。
她对待孩子是一味的强压与管教，没有给孩子一点选择的权利，没有给孩子一刻喘息的时间，没有和孩子进行过交流，即使把一腔的爱都倾注到孩子身上换来的只有泪水与仇恨。
第二季中，她因为对儿子所作所为的无奈，她硬生生地将儿子扔在街头；因为对女儿的过度的爱与关心，她可以活活的拆散女儿的初恋。
其实布里更像是一个中国母亲，好面子，爱孩子，有着极强的教育观念，希望孩子能够走自己铺好的道路，她的人生不能有偏差与意外。
然而，也就是这种没有沟通交流，过度的爱和管教，反而会出现反效果。
苏珊梅尔，其实没有真正意义上的家庭教育。
她其实在很多方面比她女儿更为敏感胆怯，所以许多时候她反而依赖于她的女儿，当生活与爱情被她处理得一团糟的时候，女儿成了她的主心骨，可以说是苏珊和她的女儿，是真正意义上的情同姐妹的母女，这样的家庭表面上看上去不正常，甚至有点可笑，但实际上这样的家庭环境还算得上是自由与平等，和谐美好的，互相关爱，没有地位上的优越与年龄上的隔阂，没有强迫与压制，分享观点，自由畅谈，所以这样的单亲家庭能维持得这么好，也正是这一点，还有这样家庭中成长的孩子很早熟，能够解决自己的一切，有点小大人的感觉。
（英语毕业论文）从美剧《绝望主妇》中看中美家庭教育的异同
有提示） 英语专业全英原创毕业论文，是近期写作，公布的题目可以用于免费参考（贡献者ID 有提示）最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1 Teleology, Religion and Contexts2 从涉外婚姻分析中西方文化差异从涉外婚姻分析中西方文化差异3 《蝇王》主题之原型解读《蝇王》主题之原型解读4 浅析英语演说中对照与其他修辞格的混合应用浅析英语演说中对照与其他修辞格的混合应用5 分析《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁的人物形象和悲剧意义分析《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁的人物形象和悲剧意义6 浅析星巴克现象中的独特文化浅析星巴克现象中的独特文化7 Naturalism in Sister Carrie8 浅论广告语汉译的美学效果浅论广告语汉译的美学效果9 浅析“翻译文学”的本体认知与功用价值浅析“翻译文学”的本体认知与功用价值10 英汉“悲伤”情感隐喻认知对比分析英汉“悲伤”情感隐喻认知对比分析11 浅谈来自《圣经》的英语习语浅谈来自《圣经》的英语习语12 逆成构词的分类及其认知机制和规律逆成构词的分类及其认知机制和规律13 从英汉习语的翻译看中西方文化差异从英汉习语的翻译看中西方文化差异14 Cultural Influences on Business Negotiation between China and Japan15 试析《弗兰肯斯坦》中的哥特风格试析《弗兰肯斯坦》中的哥特风格16 顺应理论视角下《红楼梦》中委婉语的英译顺应理论视角下《红楼梦》中委婉语的英译17 对《远离尘嚣》中三个男主人公命运的分析对《远离尘嚣》中三个男主人公命运的分析18 Cultural Differences and Translation19 简爱和林黛玉的反叛性格对比分析简爱和林黛玉的反叛性格对比分析20 浅析儿童自然英语教学法的心理学优势浅析儿童自然英语教学法的心理学优势21 圣地亚哥，一位让人敬佩的英雄——海明威《老人与海》中圣地亚哥的人物形象分析22 中英日委婉语语言特征中英日委婉语语言特征23 美国电视剧中双关语的研究－重点关注双关语的汉语翻译美国电视剧中双关语的研究－重点关注双关语的汉语翻译24 从女性主义视角解读《飘》中斯嘉丽.奥哈拉的性格特征奥哈拉的性格特征25 学生写作中中式英语的表现形式及其改进方式学生写作中中式英语的表现形式及其改进方式26 《老人与海》中圣地亚哥人物形象的特点探析《老人与海》中圣地亚哥人物形象的特点探析27 文化负载词的交际翻译论——以《吾国与吾民》为例文化负载词的交际翻译论——以《吾国与吾民》为例28 商标文化特色和翻译技巧商标文化特色和翻译技巧29 浅析霍桑罪恶观在《拉帕西尼的女儿》中的体现浅析霍桑罪恶观在《拉帕西尼的女儿》中的体现30 An Interpretation of China Boy from the Perspective of Post-colonialism31 课外作业对高中英语学习的作用研究课外作业对高中英语学习的作用研究A Feminist Study on Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily”A Southern Elegy-A Feminist Study on Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily”32 A Southern Elegy-33 《土生子》里的象征艺术《土生子》里的象征艺术34 《宠儿》的黑人女性主义解读（开题报告+论）论）35 用批评性语言分析中美主要矛盾用批评性语言分析中美主要矛盾36 英汉谚语互译中的归化与异化策略分析英汉谚语互译中的归化与异化策略分析37 中国跨文化交际学研究存在的不足与建议中国跨文化交际学研究存在的不足与建议38 论奥康纳短篇小说的创作特色论奥康纳短篇小说的创作特色39 浅析“苹果”广告中的文化因素浅析“苹果”广告中的文化因素40 Cooperative Learning in English Interpretation Class41 《晚安,妈妈》中公共汽车和洗衣机的象征寓意妈妈》中公共汽车和洗衣机的象征寓意42 女性主义视角下《傲慢与偏见》的情态意义解读女性主义视角下《傲慢与偏见》的情态意义解读43 《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义44 The Study of Humor in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn from the Perspective of Cooperative Principle45 The Influences of the Bible on Some American Movies46 对比分析英式英语和美式英语的区别对比分析英式英语和美式英语的区别47 分析《华伦夫人的职业》中母女矛盾所折射出的社会问题分析《华伦夫人的职业》中母女矛盾所折射出的社会问题48 人性的救赎——从电影《辛德勒的名单》看美国英雄主义的新侧面人性的救赎——从电影《辛德勒的名单》看美国英雄主义的新侧面49 论广告英语的人际沟通功能论广告英语的人际沟通功能50 中美大学生课堂讨论话语性别差异对比中美大学生课堂讨论话语性别差异对比51 英语商务合同的文体特点及其汉译英语商务合同的文体特点及其汉译52 论夏绿蒂勃朗特与简爱在意识形态上的相似之处论夏绿蒂勃朗特与简爱在意识形态上的相似之处53 以《喜福会》中的母女关系为例试析跨文化交际中的“失语”现象以《喜福会》中的母女关系为例试析跨文化交际中的“失语”现象54 探讨美容化妆品翻译技巧－－以安利雅姿产品为例探讨美容化妆品翻译技巧－－以安利雅姿产品为例55 合作性学习在高中英语写作教学中的应用合作性学习在高中英语写作教学中的应用56 A Study of Humour And Satire in Mark Twain’s Two Famous Adventures57 Analyses of the Morels’Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers58 陶渊明和华兹华斯的共同追求——自然陶渊明和华兹华斯的共同追求——自然59 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》人物性格的宗教色彩剖析《汤姆叔叔的小屋》人物性格的宗教色彩剖析60 简爱和林黛玉不同命运的文化透析简爱和林黛玉不同命运的文化透析61 《魔戒》中的现实主义初探《魔戒》中的现实主义初探62 从语用学角度对英语课堂中委婉语的使用探究从语用学角度对英语课堂中委婉语的使用探究63 《飘》中的家园意识探究《飘》中的家园意识探究64 解读奥斯卡王尔德的《莎乐美》中的女性意识王尔德的《莎乐美》中的女性意识65 中英思维模式比较分析中英思维模式比较分析66 广告标语的语言特色广告标语的语言特色67 从弗洛伊德的精神分析理论浅析《道林格雷的画像》中的主要人物从弗洛伊德的精神分析理论浅析《道林格雷的画像》中的主要人物68 网络英语的构词方式网络英语的构词方式69 论《第二十二条军规》的写作手法论《第二十二条军规》的写作手法70 Pragmatic Empathy and Chinese-English Translation71 高中英语听力课中的文化教学高中英语听力课中的文化教学72 A Superficial Analysis of Religious Consciousness of Jane Eyre73 中美广告创意的文化差异性研究中美广告创意的文化差异性研究74 中西方文化差异对商务谈判的影响中西方文化差异对商务谈判的影响75 An Exploration on Different Cultures in Terms of Flowers76 《喜福会》中隐喻的使用《喜福会》中隐喻的使用77 基于认知语境的英语动物习语的理解策略研究——以“狗”的习语为例基于认知语境的英语动物习语的理解策略研究——以“狗”的习语为例78 Coherence in English-Chinese Translation: A Pragmatic Study79 “合作学习”策略在英语教学中的应用“合作学习”策略在英语教学中的应用80 商标翻译中的文化要素商标翻译中的文化要素81 论《苔丝》中女性意识与社会现实之间的冲突论《苔丝》中女性意识与社会现实之间的冲突82 浅析《我们共同的朋友》中的象征手法浅析《我们共同的朋友》中的象征手法83 浅论英文原声电影在英语教学中的应用浅论英文原声电影在英语教学中的应用84 福克纳小说中的圣经意象福克纳小说中的圣经意象85 论《金色笔记》中的象征手法论《金色笔记 》中的象征手法86 从词汇对等角度看《红楼梦》中“笑”一词的英译从词汇对等角度看《红楼梦》中“笑”一词的英译87 从文化角度探析中英基本颜色词的比较和翻译从文化角度探析中英基本颜色词的比较和翻译88 着魔的猎人——解读《洛丽塔》中的男主人公亨伯特着魔的猎人——解读《洛丽塔》中的男主人公亨伯特89 阅读中的英语词汇教学策略阅读中的英语词汇教学策略90 苔丝的反叛精神苔丝的反叛精神91 女性哥特视角下的《蝴蝶梦》女性哥特视角下的《蝴蝶梦》92 浅析英汉基本颜色词之文化内涵－－以“白”与“黑”为例浅析英汉基本颜色词之文化内涵－－以“白”与“黑”为例93 从三美原则看中国古诗词中酒意象的英译从三美原则看中国古诗词中酒意象的英译94 有关“生命”概念隐喻的英汉对比研究有关“生命”概念隐喻的英汉对比研究95 论《科利奥兰纳斯》的政治悲剧论《科利奥兰纳斯》的政治悲剧96 分析西方末世论在美国电影中的体现分析西方末世论在美国电影中的体现97 从构式视野下对英语图式习语的解读从构式视野下对英语图式习语的解读98 图式理论分析中国网络流行词翻译图式理论分析中国网络流行词翻译99 英语专业本科毕业论文摘要的体裁分析英语专业本科毕业论文摘要的体裁分析100 《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》一文中守旧因素的象征运用《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》一文中守旧因素的象征运用101 Roads to Happy Marriage: a New Conception of Feminism in Doris Lessing’s Novel s102 中美大学生道歉策略对比研究中美大学生道歉策略对比研究103 数字模糊语义的汉英翻译数字模糊语义的汉英翻译104 《新编英语教程》浅析《新编英语教程》浅析105 美国战争电影的人性和文化透视－－以《拯救大兵瑞恩》为例美国战争电影的人性和文化透视－－以《拯救大兵瑞恩》为例106 《名利场》的女性主义解读《名利场》的女性主义解读107 (英语系经贸英语)从“口红效应”看中国文化产业的机遇从“口红效应”看中国文化产业的机遇108 李清照“声声慢”英译本的对比研究李清照“声声慢”英译本的对比研究109 浅谈英语委婉语的作用和原则浅谈英语委婉语的作用和原则110 浅析简.奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中的女性主义奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中的女性主义111 相似的母爱，不同的表达——对比研究《黑孩子》和《宠儿》中的母亲形象相似的母爱，不同的表达——对比研究《黑孩子》和《宠儿》中的母亲形象112 形合与意合对比研究及翻译策略形合与意合对比研究及翻译策略113 对《红字》中完美人性的求索－－浅析海斯特与丁梅斯代尔的自我思想较量与精神升华中完美人性的求索－－浅析海斯特与丁梅斯代尔的自我思想较量与精神升华 114 《爱玛》的三个中译本中翻译策略的比较研究《爱玛》的三个中译本中翻译策略的比较研究115 在冲突与迷茫中凋零－－浅析苔丝悲惨命运的必然性在冲突与迷茫中凋零－－浅析苔丝悲惨命运的必然性116 旅游翻译中的跨文化语用失误旅游翻译中的跨文化语用失误117 埃德加.爱伦.坡小说《黑猫》的写作技巧应用分析坡小说《黑猫》的写作技巧应用分析118 英汉数词的文化对比及其翻译英汉数词的文化对比及其翻译119 中美肥胖问题比较研究中美肥胖问题比较研究120 英语中的汉语外来词英语中的汉语外来词121 论《红字》中的清教主义思想论《红字》中的清教主义思想122 英汉习语的差异及其翻译——对杨、霍译《红楼梦》中习语翻译的研究英汉习语的差异及其翻译——对杨、霍译《红楼梦》中习语翻译的研究123 对《儿子与情人》中的自然环境描写的研究对《儿子与情人》中的自然环境描写的研究124 从以目的为导向的翻译原则看委婉语的翻译从以目的为导向的翻译原则看委婉语的翻译125 初中生英语学习内在动机的激发初中生英语学习内在动机的激发126 语法翻译法与交际法的对比研究语法翻译法与交际法的对比研究127 文化语境视域下英语习语的汉译研究文化语境视域下英语习语的汉译研究128 《德伯家的苔丝》中的象征解析《德伯家的苔丝》中的象征解析129 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉的悲剧根源浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉的悲剧根源130 对《老人与海》中主人公的性格分析对《老人与海》中主人公的性格分析131 任务型教学在高中英语阅读课堂中的应用任务型教学在高中英语阅读课堂中的应用132 从制度文明起源的角度浅谈中西方家庭观念的差异从制度文明起源的角度浅谈中西方家庭观念的差异133 卡森.麦卡勒斯《心是孤独的猎手》福柯式解读麦卡勒斯《心是孤独的猎手》福柯式解读134 从精神分析学角度看哈姆莱特的性格变化从精神分析学角度看哈姆莱特的性格变化135 An Analysis on Characterization in Sense and Sensibility136 伏尼契小说《牛虻》中主人公性格分析伏尼契小说《牛虻》中主人公性格分析137 哥特元素在《宠儿》中的运用哥特元素在《宠儿》中的运用138 浅议《女勇士》中的个人英雄主义浅议《女勇士》中的个人英雄主义139 浅析英语中的性别歧视浅析英语中的性别歧视140 中美民族性格差异及其文化渊源中美民族性格差异及其文化渊源141 试论盖茨比对其梦想生活的追求试论盖茨比对其梦想生活的追求142 不可缺少的书信——《傲慢与偏见》中书信功能的研究不可缺少的书信——《傲慢与偏见》中书信功能的研究143 试论任务型教学法在英语阅读教学中的应用试论任务型教学法在英语阅读教学中的应用144 An Analysis of Self-reliance in Little Women145 浅析好莱坞英雄主义中的传统英雄和反英雄形象浅析好莱坞英雄主义中的传统英雄和反英雄形象146 通过分析《德伯家的苔丝》中主要人物形象分析哈代的宿命论思想通过分析《德伯家的苔丝》中主要人物形象分析哈代的宿命论思想147 高中英语写作前口语活动设计与实施建议高中英语写作前口语活动设计与实施建议148 An American Nightmare: A Naturalistic Approach To Clyde in An American Tragedy149 政治演讲辞中常用修辞政治演讲辞中常用修辞150 澳大利亚英语词汇和澳大利亚文化澳大利亚英语词汇和澳大利亚文化151 论《失乐园》中撒旦的形象及象征意义论《失乐园》中撒旦的形象及象征意义152 浅析中西习俗文化“冲突”浅析中西习俗文化“冲突”153 An Analysis of Tess’s Tragic Fate and the Realization of Hardy’s Fatalism154 《野性的呼唤》中巴克形象分析《野性的呼唤》中巴克形象分析155 大学生上网调查大学生上网调查156 Analysis on the Picaresque Elements in The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnA Comparison of English Vocabulary Learning Strategy Use in Learners of Different Agesocabulary Learning Strategy Use in Learners of Different Ages 157 A Comparison of English V158 《追风筝的人》中阿米尔的性格分析《追风筝的人》中阿米尔的性格分析159 从词汇对等角度看《红楼梦》中“笑”一词的英译从词汇对等角度看《红楼梦》中“笑”一词的英译160 艾米莉.狄金森的死亡观研究狄金森的死亡观研究161 解读艾丽斯.沃克《紫色》中的家庭沃克《紫色》中的家庭162 从文化语境角度分析英汉禁忌语的异同从文化语境角度分析英汉禁忌语的异同163 英语写作中教师的书面反馈英语写作中教师的书面反馈164 Comparing the Reasons for Hester Prynne’s and Tess D’Urbervilles’s Tragedies165 模糊限制语在英语新闻中的语用功能模糊限制语在英语新闻中的语用功能166 从关联理论的角度看《围城》中言语幽默的翻译从关联理论的角度看《围城》中言语幽默的翻译167 《哈姆雷特》中不言而喻的隐喻魅力(开题报告+论文+文献综述文献综述 )168 目的论指导下《页岩》英译汉中的词类转译现象目的论指导下《页岩》英译汉中的词类转译现象169 路易斯——现实世界在非现实世界的投影——解读《夜访吸血鬼》的现代性路易斯——现实世界在非现实世界的投影——解读《夜访吸血鬼》的现代性170 新课标下初中英语教师角色转变的研究新课标下初中英语教师角色转变的研究171 唯美主义与奥斯卡.王尔德的《道林.格雷的画像》格雷的画像》172 对《看得见风景的房间》的象征主义解读对《看得见风景的房间》的象征主义解读173 跨文化视角中中英颜色词的对比及翻译跨文化视角中中英颜色词的对比及翻译174 英汉称谓语的文化差异与翻译－－以《京华烟云》为例英汉称谓语的文化差异与翻译－－以《京华烟云》为例s Predicament and Dreamland175 Rabbit’Rabbit’s Predicament and Dreamland176 从文化价值的角度解读歌王迈克尔.杰克逊的艺术影响杰克逊的艺术影响177 商务信函中委婉语的使用策略商务信函中委婉语的使用策略178 《洛丽塔》悲剧结局因素探析《洛丽塔》悲剧结局因素探析179 论中美商务谈判中的跨文化交际因素论中美商务谈判中的跨文化交际因素180 分析《雾都孤儿》中的讽刺手法分析《雾都孤儿》中的讽刺手法181 从礼貌原则分析发盘的语言技巧从礼貌原则分析发盘的语言技巧182 (英语系经贸英语)贸易壁垒下中国企业跨国经营的突破之路—以华为为例贸易壁垒下中国企业跨国经营的突破之路—以华为为例183 交际教学法在初中口语教学中的应用交际教学法在初中口语教学中的应用184 国际商务谈判及其谈判风格国际商务谈判及其谈判风格185 布什总统演讲词中幽默话语的语用功能分析布什总统演讲词中幽默话语的语用功能分析186 分析《要说出全部真理,但不能直说》中的标记用法但不能直说》中的标记用法187 中美脱口秀会话分析对比研究中美脱口秀会话分析对比研究188 论《海的女儿》的女性自我价值主题论《海的女儿》的女性自我价值主题189 汉语中的英语外来语汉语中的英语外来语190 《觉醒》女主人公-艾德娜追求自我的过程艾德娜追求自我的过程191 论初中生英语学习资源策略培养论初中生英语学习资源策略培养192 人格、环境与命运——以弗洛伊德“人格结构理论”分析《还乡》中的主要人物命运 193 跨文化背景下广告汉英翻译策略研究跨文化背景下广告汉英翻译策略研究194 《觉醒》与《欢乐之家》中的女性形象和女权思想之比较《觉醒》与《欢乐之家》中的女性形象和女权思想之比较195 从死亡委婉语中透视中西方文化差异从死亡委婉语中透视中西方文化差异196 极限环境中的善与恶——浅析《蝇王》中的主要人物人格结构极限环境中的善与恶——浅析《蝇王》中的主要人物人格结构197 福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂的悲剧成因分析福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂的悲剧成因分析198 析《远大前程》主人公性格之路析《远大前程》主人公性格之路199 论中西方时间观念差异对日常生活的影响论中西方时间观念差异对日常生活的影响200 广告英语中的模糊语言及其语用功能广告英语中的模糊语言及其语用功能。
基于《绝望的主妇》看中美家庭价值观 二稿
摘要本论文的重点是根据电视剧《绝望的主妇》对美国家庭价值观进行探讨，并以此与中国家庭的价值观进行对比研究。
众所周知，家庭价值观是文化价值体系的核心，是家庭行为的一个重要组成部分。
电视剧《绝望的主妇》是对美国家庭的真实写照。
本文将通过最直观的方式来比较在《绝望主妇》中的美国家庭与中国的家庭，由于历史、社会、地理以及不同的生存和成长的因素，所形成的不一样的价值观。
本文将通过文献综述法总结出文章研究的学术背景，将通过中西方家庭价值观的对比来展现中西方家庭价值观的差异。
本文由六个部分组成，第一部分是对研究背景、研究目的和研究意义的阐述；第二部分是对《绝望的主妇》中的人物和主题的分析；第三部分是对中国和中国家庭价值观的分析；第四部分是对美国和美国家庭价值观的分析；第五部分是对比中国价值观和《绝望的主妇》中的家庭价值观；第六部分是结论。
关键词：家庭价值观；教育；文化；婚姻AbstractThis thesis is mainly to discuss American family values in the television series Desperate Housewives, and makes a comparative study with the value of Chinese family. As everyone knows, family values are the core value system of culture, which is an important part of the behavior in family. The TV drama Desperate Housewives is a true portrayal of the American family. This thesis will compare American family in Desperate Housewives and the Chinese family in the most direct way, and in the conclusion, the thesis finds out that the different value between Chinese and American family can be due to those historical, social, geographical and different survival and growth factors.Literature review in this thesis provides a clue for the author to carry out this study and it creates an academic background. A major method used in this thesis is the comparative method by which the author compares Chinese with American Family Values. Through the comparative study, the thesis can reveal some differences in Family Values between Chinese and American family.There are six parts in this thesis. In the first part, the background, purpose and significance of the thesis will be introduced. In the second part, the characters and theme of Desperate Housewives will be introduced. In the third part, Chinese family and family values will be analyzed. In the fourth part, American family and family values will be analyzed. In the fifth part, the comparison of family values between Chinese and Americans in Desperate Housewives will be carried. The last part is the conclusion of this thesis.Keywords：family values; education; culture; marriageTable of ContentsOutline (2)Introduction (4)Chapter I The Brief Descreption of the Characters in Desperate Housewives (7)Chapter II Chinese Family and Family Values (9)2.1 Chinese Families ............................................................................................. .92.2 Chinese Family Values (10)Chapter III American Family and Family Values (12)3.1 American Families (12)3.2 American Families Values (13)Chapter IV Comparison of Family Values between Chinese and Americans (15)4.1 Values Different in Marriage (15)4.1.1 Chinese Marriage View (16)4.1.2 American Marriage View (16)4.2 Values Different in Education (18)4.3 Values Different in the Relationship between Parents and Children (20)Conclusion (22)Bibliography (23)Acknowledgements (25)OutlineThesis Statement: When we communicate with foreigners, the most obvious obstacle may be the difference between us and them of values to the world, family and life. That is born with different culture and it is impossible to overcome. So it is indispensable to understand the main value of them when we communicate with them. This thesis analyzes the differences on family value between Chinese women and American women in order to make some contribution to the cultural difference on family value.I. Introduction: We can learn the background of Desperate Housewives so that we can getthe main idea of western family values.A. We should taste the family values through the TV drama to construct the foundation of the thesis.B. After the practice of analyzing the character and relationship of Desperate Housewives, we can get to know the family values of Americans.II. In order to improve the skills that we use to communicate with foreigners, we should understand their family values. We need to talk about our homeland, China. It can be divided into two parts.A.First of all, we will talk about Chinese families. Chinese families pay more attentionto the collective self (family) on the basis of individual and the interests of the wholefamily.B.Secondly, we will talk about Chinese families‘values. It also appeared a morestressed closer family obligations, intergenerational relations trend.III. In order to make the comparison, now we will talk about America, it can also be divided into two parts.A. First of all, we will talk about American families.B. Secondly, we will talk about American families‘ values.IV. We will make the comparison of Family Values between Chinese and Americans in this part.A．We will talk about the marriage values between two sides.1.The marriage values of Chinese.2. The marriage values of American.B. The different values of education on both sides.C．We will discuss values different in the relationship between parents and children in this part. We can notice that Chinese children are more about being ordered bytheir parents but as for American children being like the friend-relationship.V. Conclusion: we can get a whole comprehension of the western and eastern family values through Desperate Housewives. From the discussion we can find that it is found that Chinese families pursue the harmony between family members. But American families have a belief that "Every man for himself, and God for us all".IntroductionThe most obvious difficulty when it comes to us is that different values. Family values is a indispensable part when we get along with them. From 2005, Desperate Housewives has become a TV show in hot pursuit of the hit TV series every year, which mainly tells how to maintain and sublime the friendship among four housewives in the trivial and major events of life, and how they become stronger in the ups and downs. Although it is a soap opera plot and something in it is fiction, the values and world outlook of the characters reflect the status of the contemporary USA women to a large extent. From these housewives, we can see there are certain similarities between Chinese women and American women, but the thoughts, idea, belief and so on also have great differences.This paper selects a new point of view to compare American families in Desperate Housewives with Chinese families in family values, which were analyzed and compared comprehensively, and form a wide coverage and a new research angle.‖ A certain space exists in the academic value and the development of this study.Desperate Housewives is a TV play launched by American Broadcasting Company. Since the launch, Desperate Housewives is definitely a rare screen works to thousands of thousands of viewers, compact plot, gripping suspense, exquisite scene props and first-rate acting made the play have a strong appeal, resulting in the play the ball in more than 130 countries and regions, which become a ratings winner in Australia, Britain and Singapore.Desperate Housewives has created a myth in American TV screens. Light and shade staggered Wisteria town for years, with the things changed, the housewives appearance haschanged dim from glowing with health on their face, but the whole drama has been presented the emotional story of marriage and family that in the further away but can not give up , at the same time, It also appear warm among the people.―Desperate Housewives is to reveal a fully and delightfully screen display of a realistic suburban middle-class life (李朝阳13)‖. The article reveals a kind of trivial and dark life that makes people broken-hearted by ironic expression from the angle of a dead housewife Marie. Perhaps, the black comedy is from the despair in the deep heart of contemporary people for life in the society, In fact, everyone has the bitterness and happiness, while we always blame everyone and everything, and think that others is joyful than ourselves, but did not think about how to make yourself happier tomorrow. The writer reveals the profound truth through the story of the characters in Desperate Housewives that people should take a positive attitude to face life and create a happier future life for ourselves.Desperate Housewives is so successful because the dark base that is attributed in part to screenwriter adjustable -- natural mode, which can break a light tone, then deep into the agency deep life.―Some people choose to be single in order to avoid trouble. Susan's mother and the real estate broker Addie are on behalf of the two kinds of housewives who are not in the aspiration for marriage‖(Houlgate 339). But there are more people still eager to love and believe in marriage, however, the real life often make people suffocated. Desperate Housewives amplifies this unfortunate aspects in the life, for example, the perfect woman is unable to create a perfect life, instead that her husband and children left from her, and a beautifulwoman married with a millionaire without avoiding emptiness, and women with the perfect family turned to be a single mother because she was abandoned by her husband over 30 years. These unfortunate stories were very depressed, but Desperate Housewives adhere to use the American humor method to dilute the plot, which brings the audience to an unforgettable depression, and enable the audience to think about these problems in a relaxed humor, so the play can meet the audience's sympathy and be accepted by them.Of course, if the Desperate Housewives shows only the endless troubles and dark, it is difficult to become a masterpiece. Surprisingly, the purpose of this play is to make a kind of hope in the desperate life of the housewives. The biggest bright of Desperate Housewives is the theme of hope and tolerance. Because both how tangled the plot structure , no matter how thrilling suspense, and Desperate Housewives will let you know that the conflict will ultimately have to compromise and harmony, selfish and mean idea finally will be get the correction of the conscience.Chapter I The brief Descreption of the Charactersin Desperate HousewivesNow, we will discuss the main relationship of Desperate Housewives. Susan Mayer—Susan is a divorced single mother who lives with her daughter Julie Mayer. She is a little bit silly but very Kind and sensibility. And she is committed to looking for loyalty and long lasting love. When she met Mike, a new plumber of Wisteria Lane, She thought that Cupid's arrow finally shot to her. After many twists and turns, she and Mike got married and gave birth to a son.Lynette Scavo—Lynette used to be a successful career woman. But now Four Naughty to tiresome children occupies her life. Moreover, Lynette sadly found that although she is Invincible in work, she could not get along well with the neighbors in the community. Then she get back to work, Leaves the housework to her husband, and cause the contradiction between husband and her. After adjustment they were able to put aside their differences and restore their relationship.Bree Van De Kamp—Bree tries to rule her family as a dictator rules a nation. From the garden to her husband all is under her control. Through Bree was shocked to found that her husband having an affair. Her reign of this family began to fall apart. Family chemist George who has psychological disease in order to get Bree love, he set Bree's husband Rex up and Led to his death. Bree‘s son Andrew foun d that his father's death was relevant to his mother and George, then cause Andrew‘s psychological distortion happens, and became a gay man.The youngest housewife—Gabrielle Solis, Gabrielle is young and beautiful. She married a wealthy man and lives in Luxurious house. All of these are enviable. However, these are unable to fill with her spiritual emptiness. She is interested in a 17 year old gardener, and having sex with him, and finally discovered by her husband Carlos. Then Carlos went bankrupt and blind. Gabrielle's life has undergone radical changes and become a living toiling housewife.Edie Britt—Edie are always seducing man. Firstly she hook-up with Susan's ex-husband. When she saw Susan dating with Mike, She seduced Mike. Edie are always proud of having gossip with men.There are five characters in the TV play, and they are five different kinds of housewife. They are the perfect housewife Bree who can be classified into the kind of Chinese housewife, the superman housewife Lynette who is regret for asking her husband to seek for high social status, the Single housewife Susan who keeps on carving love, the beautiful housewife Gabby who is a empty woman in the beautiful appearance, the coquettish housewife Edie who is view seducing men as interest.The four characters are neighbors. Every housewife considers things from their own interests. So they are often involved in conflicts from which a story will happen around a certain theme. And the next sector will make a detailed introduction of the theme for this play.Chapter II Chinese Family and Family Values2.1 Chinese FamiliesFirstly, from the view of the family structure, more and more Chinese families have only one child. Chinese family systems tend to be simpler, and the relations faced by family members are relatively simple. With the development of contemporary Chinese society, family structure and relationship is gradually changing, the traditional family extended into the core family. The one-child families are the smallest core family in our country, which is the typical family structure.On the relationship between family members, this model has the characteristics that it is simple. From the angle of family communication pattern, the differences between social culture and the values of the East and West results in the differences in family. In Chinese family, due to the influence of conservative ideas, most of the children do not discuss about sex with their parents. And the sex is considered a taboo topic. But, even if there is no communication, we can also send a very clear message.From the view of the family, Chinese families attach great importance to their children's education, and there is the larger investment and expectations to cultivate children's intellectual culture. In addition, they pay attention to self-discipline and etiquette, which will treat others like oneself as the basis of morality between person and person, and it makes the family members to get a complete unify of the personality and characters. Therefore, Chinese families pay more attention to the collective self (family) on the basis of individual and the interests of the whole family.2.2 Chinese Family ValuesChinese culture is a typical representative of eastern culture. America is a fusion of western culture, thus these two different cultural entities must embody different core cultural values. Chinese cultural values emphasize collectivism as the core, and personal interests must be subordinated to the interests of the collective. Family values of our current view shows a Chinese traditional "obvious closely intergenerational rel ationship‖ and the "intimate relationship is becoming more and more pure phase mixing trend with the influence of modernity and post modernity.We can explain the Chinese family value from the following three aspects. At first, Chinese people seek for living in harmony. The harmony is the core in the Chinese family value as the society advocate the harmony value in the modern China. From the ancient time to modern time, Chinese people almost think that the harmonious relationship between the wife and the husband, between the parents and children is the key factor for the happiness in the families. Secondly, Chinese families advocate caring for the young, respecting the old, and pursuing a lover for the whole life. So it is very common for people in China to see that the young people let their seats to the old people in the bus, and many people pay more attention to the young children.In modern China, there are some trends in the family value, and it can be explained from the following aspects. On the one hand, with the general improvement in educational degree and of the city, our family values development has revealed obvious characteristics of modernity, that is people put more emphasis on the solution of human nature and the pursuitof realization of self value, and the view of marriage is tend to more independent and individual with an equality and freedom, democracy and modern ideas. The sexual attitudes of the young people is gradual opening, the more consciousness of the value subjectivity on premarital sex make people tolerant on the cohabitation. Compared with other people who born in other period, the later generation‘s attitude on premarital cohabitation and homosexuality is in great acceptance, and the whole society obviously reveals more conservative trend in the concept of marriage.On the other hand, from the view of family values, our country has not reveals the post modern trend of a western style for atomic family with the demise of ties among family members. On the contrary, it also appeared a more stressed closer family obligations, intergenerational relations trend.Chapter III American Family and Family Values3.1 American Families―Family studies of western researchers believe that, with the influence of theguidance for the modern social and cultural values which emphasizedindividual rights, freedom, people take a more tolerant attitude to thoseproblems of divorce, equality and cohabitation. That is not accepted by peopleand the family structure is becoming diversified day by day‖ (Andrew 98).We can see American diversified family at present from Desperate Housewives, American families have more children. The typical representative is the couple Lynette and Thomas Scavo along with their five lively children. American family has more divorced families, families of reorganization and adoptive phenomenon. For example, Susan and Mike Delfino are combined in all the blessings of a new family.―There are obstruction resulted from less communication for brothers andsisters in the family, when they encounter emotional exchange, interaction willbecome more complex. In American families, fathers usually decideeverything‖ (Ahlburg 97).At the same time, the Father is also often the family's main source of income. Most of the power is in the hands of the fathers, they have more autocracy in family decision making. The family communications are very few. Overall, the decision model of America family tends to be more democratic, and the communication pattern is smooth and effective.Desperate Housewives reveals the second theme of an American free emotional balance, which refers to a kind of exaggerated humor mixed by dark and oppressive phenomenon, and it can make people enjoy both mentally and physically point of balance. The play not only tells the change of America middle-class life in times of change and ideology, but also countries to show a genuine American scene of life to others. On one hand, the director use Marie satirical vision to express his resentment and anger to certain aspects for the USA and Americans. on the other hand, using a variety of skills transfer American excellent aspects, such as ridicule each other in despair, the humor unconscious be revealed in the argument which cause people to think of and can make people laugh at the same time. Understanding optimistic to face difficult in life, and selective attention of the sun dilemma in social life, which is the American way of thinking, as the drama transmitted to us, in desperation, there is always hope, and this is not fiction story and selective attention of the housewife, but after the trials of life, they learn to smile and use love to face everything, and they also know what is most important, what really worth their brave.3.2 American Family Values―From America TV show Desperate Housewives, there are more equality, independence and respect, fewer obligations and responsibilities between members of American families‖(王恩铭27).Compared with Chinese families, these two kinds of different value orientation also show the difference between the ideal and reality in TV drama aesthetic style. ―Look at theAmerica concept of marriage and family in the following two aspects. ―In the Desperate Housewives, it take more attention to the individualism, the housewives emphasize individual rights, their attention is the independence and non nepotism‖ (朱永涛205).For example, Susan in order to date with Mike for convenience, tries various devices to make the lover to leave from her, in order to date with John again, when shopping with her Mother-in-law, Gabrielle put the unpaid goods into her handbag to make she was arrested, thus successfully she can get rid of her mother-in-law's monitoring. Susan ask her ex husband to apologize for termination of their marriage, the husband said that he want to conform the heart, and he fell in love with someone else. ―It is visible to see that the individual will meet more than about family and marriage responsibility‖(朱永涛74). Second, in the Desperate Housewives, personal power is more revealed. The rights consciousness in Americans family is very strong. American family rights consciousness refers to each member to themselves as the center rather than to the family as the center. Everyone in the family enjoys inviolability of personal rights in their own things, and other members have no right to interfere. If people in America fall in love, marriage, family, and job, they will make the choice by themselves alone, and others have no right to replace their choices.Chapter IV Comparison of Family Values betweenChinese and Americans4.1 Values Different in Marriage―The relationship between husband and wife is the most close and the mostlong interpersonal relationship, which is the most basic relationship in family.Understanding the fundamental difference between American cultural valuesand Chinese cultural values is very necessary for the understanding of the twodifferent views of marriage‖ (周英莉10).For Chinese marriage view, people tend to ―friendly‖ and they pay compassionate in dealing with sexual relations. When they encountered marital crisis, they will choose to take a tolerant attitude for the other side in order to maintain the whole family, although the crisis also still exist in the marriage. In a word, Chinese families pay more attention to ethics that the complete family is advocated by the society , while for American marriage view, they advocate the extreme individualism, which include the individual rights, freedom, and personal independence, and they emphasize innovation and enterprising. When they encountered marital crisis, they will choose the positive attitude to resolve the crisis, for example, in the Desperate Housewives, when Lynette Scavo who have four children finds that the marriage is tedious, and the marriage faces a crisis form the Ex- girlfriend of her husband, she choose take the positive attitude that using sexy clothes and dressing to enhance the temperament in the marriage in order to resolve the marriage crisis.4.1.1 Chinese marriage viewFor most Chinese couples, marriage is the most important question. With the end of a marriage, both spouses will be hurt greatly. Marriage is not a personal thing and it is entangled with various factors such as morality, responsibility and honor. In the influence of collectivism, Chinese couples will not put personal interests in the most important position, and they focus on their families. The establishment of a harmonious and happy family is the common goal of husband and wife in China. Because of this goal is the most important question in the marriage relationship, and this goal will not be achieved by emphasizing the vital interests of each member of the family, , everyone in the family should be humanized, tolerant and patient.The three values which are of equality, independence and right are throughout the America families. Harmonious and happy feelings of Americans are based on the three values. Americans emphasize the independence and equality among family members, to promote the independence of the individual and all on their own principle, which embodies the great individualism. "Every man for himself, and God for us all" is the American national faith, "individualism" is the starting point of American family values.4.1.2 American Marriage ViewAmerican couple spoke highly of individualism, and they use the rational principle of treatment of family members and family affairs. They respect each other's privacy and they rarely interfere with each other's affairs. Marriage life occupies a large part of their daily life,and both husband and wife focus on each other, but they seldom make blood relations involved. The husband will not be forced to succumb to his wife in the relationship between husband and wife, and he wanted his wife to have the independent personality, at the same time, in order to get his recognition of their independence. In American families, if both the husband and wife lose their individuality, it will mean the loss of their charm, however, emphasis on individuality and independence does not mean lack of emotional exchange between couples. Compared with Chinese couples, America couples pay more attention to the feelings between husband and wife to communicate, and they emphasize the mutual understanding, mutual trust, mutual benefit, which embodied by the chores and children's education problem.In Desperate Housewives, we dig out more of the self as the starting point of the individualism, the housewives emphasizes individual right and the duty, and pay attention to independence. The members in the marriage often take positive measures to deal with the marriage crisis. Although Mary is firmly for a divorce in the discovery of her first husband having an affair, because she still loves her husband, and finally she chooses to conform her real feelings to get together with her husband again, and she fell very happy, then she takes a positive attitude to get the key problem between her and her husband in order to solve the marriage crisis.The Male and female in America marriage plays the role of independent and equal. There are different expectations the roles of men and women in plays of different culture. In Desperate Housewives, as a housewife, they are industrious, delicate, sentimental, and inpursuit of perfection and pleasure. But when they encounter marriage crisis, they not hesitate to show a stronger than men: in the face of regret and derailed husband, Bree changed the past elegant style, rejected him to stop the divorce proceedings cold firmly, and to continue the revenge to the husband, the full-time wife Lynette instead her husband to return the workplace, she feel just like a fish in water, more prosperous. Even knowing Tom's daughter felt in love with Lynette, she still supports and trusts her husband. Gabrielle who can not do nothing past and resolutely refused to mother, after the love affair with young person to fill the empty, experienced a sudden turn for the worse social status to care for the blind husband, and decided to transition to have two daughters housewife image to tide over the difficulties. Therefore, the core of American marriage values is equal gender status. In order to maintain the stability of marriage and happiness, not necessarily a masculine men, women are not necessarily a feminine, and the independent and equal play roles in marriage will make sail voyage.4.2 Values Different in Education―In American dramas, we often see in the morning some children riding a bicycle to send the newspapers, and the car ride very fast, many Americanchildren go to work, such as delivering newspapers, milk, mowing the lawn,cleaning out the garage, in the restaurant playing as the waiter. They are doingso, not because their families are poor, but because they want to earn moremoney and to cultivate the ability through one's own efforts‖ (付晓雪137).。
《绝望主妇》布里论美国中产阶级女性自由观
《绝望主妇》布里论美国中产阶级女性自由观作者：苗慧来源：《知识文库》2019年第01期美剧《绝望主妇》通过对四位美国中产阶级家庭主妇生活经历的描述，使读者对美国中产阶级女性有了深刻的理解。
本文通过对《绝望主妇》布里一角的分析，向人们介绍了美国中产阶级女性的价值观，从而促进人们思想上的进步以及鼓励越来越多的家庭主妇们去勇于追求她们自己的生活。
美剧《绝望主妇》描写了四位美国中产阶级女性在美丽的中产阶级郊区紫藤巷的生活。
但是平静的外表下实则波涛涌动，八年间每一位主妇都隐藏了她们各自的秘密，好在她们彼此相互帮助和支持，最后克服了生活中的困难。
《绝望主妇》一经播出便引起了巨大轰动，一大批反应美国中产阶级女性自由观的文学作品，电影电视等也纷纷涌现并崭露头角。
剧中四位主妇不同的自由观也竞相成为了大家研究讨论的话题。
本文则着重从布里入手，浅谈美国中产阶级女性自由观在她身上的展现。
1 布里人物性格介绍和分析Bree（布里）是典型的美国中产阶级精致主妇的代表，她是整个社区女性的典范，力争在所有的事情上做到完美，例如她会将自家草坪打理成全社区最好的草坪，做的食物是全社区最美味的，把孩子也是教育的全社区最好的。
然而她的老公和子女却并不对此心存感激，相反，他们会责备她像机器一样的事无巨细的完美。
她希望去维持一个完美家庭的形象，绝对不能让任何人窥探到她家里弥漫在空气中的紧张氛围。
她无法相信自己的儿子是同性恋，更无法接受老公对她提出离婚，导致最后她的家人一个又一个离她而去。
Bree（布里）是一个简单而又神秘的女人。
可能很多人都不喜欢她的洁癖，强迫症和完美主义。
但事实上可和她的童年是密切相关的。
她之所以“带着面具”是因为她的妈妈从小就告诉她只有这样，你才不会受到伤害。
但是她并没有意识到“带着面具”不仅仅是件劳累的事，还拉远了她与家人之间的距离。
她之所以追求完美是因为想让人们喜欢她。
在她的内心深处渴望美满的婚姻和和睦的家庭，可讽刺的是，现实总是理想存在巨大差距。
浅析美国人日益变化的家庭观_美剧_绝望的主妇_的家庭人物分析
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五、对孩子观念的变化
在传统观念的家庭中 , 孩 子们的 成就和 幸福被 多数妇 女视 为生活 的最高目标。母亲们不愿送 孩子去 幼儿园 , 因为他 们认为 孩子 们太年 轻了。现在 , 学龄前儿童受 到社 会机构 的影响 比家庭 的影响 更多。幼 儿园帮助孩子成长得更独立、 更社会化 , 特别 是在成员较少 的家庭里的 孩子。与此同时 , 父母不遗 余力 地努力 工作。母亲 通常是 有自 己的工 作 , 超过三分之二的学龄前儿童的母亲是职 业女性 , 她们在 下班之后更 加珍惜与孩子们共度的时间。在剧中 , 苏珊、 加 布里埃和林内 特家中都 有小孩子。加布里埃起初选 择在家 里教她 的女儿 , 但结果 并不 令人满 意。而当孩子们 被送 到学校 , 母亲 可以 出外 工作或 者 做自 己的 事情。 孩子们可以在学校得到更 多的知 识。由于 妇女进 入劳动 大军 , 其生育 率却在不断降低。许多年轻夫妇不计划要 孩子。因为在一天 繁忙的工 作之后 , 他们需要为自己营造全部时间 和空间的休息。此外 , 无论在经 济和情感方面 , 养育儿女会带来更大的压力。 一般来说 , 我们已经看到 美国人 在婚姻 和家庭 关系观 念上 的巨大 变化。进入新的千年以来 , 美国 人的家 庭观念 的变化 仍在继 续。这种 变化是美国高速的经济和 社会发 展的必 然结 果。 同时 , 美 国城 市化也 加快了这种变化。核心家庭已发展为多种多 样的越来越被 普遍接受的 替代模式, 如单亲家庭、 同居家 庭、 再婚 家庭 , 甚至同 性恋家 庭。此外 , 人们对家庭情感交流付出 的更多 的关注。 他们关 心婚姻 的现状 , 珍惜 家庭成员的关系。因此 , 当婚姻生活有矛盾 难以解决时 , 夫妻 双方会选 择去看婚姻顾问来解决问 题。在剧 中 , 林内 特和布 雷都去 看分 别与她 们的丈夫都找婚姻顾问以 挽救自 己的婚 姻。虽然 , 可能未 必是 挽救婚 姻本身 , 至少对夫妇之间的情感交流是有帮助的。
从美剧《绝望主妇》中看中美家庭教育的异同Word版
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从《喜福会》看美国华裔女作家身份探求164 英语商务合同的语言特征及其翻译策略165 归化、异化翻译策略比较研究：以《简•爱》两个汉译本为例166 The Blindness in King Lear167 从文化角度分析《穿普拉达的恶魔》所反映的职业观168 如何提高小学生对英语学习的兴趣169 Purity and Doom: on Thomas Hardy’s Tess’s of the d’Urbervilles170 经贸英语中的缩略语现象及其应用171 Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Greetings172 关于商务英语教材编写的几点思考－－基于教材特点的比较分析173 文化语境对中西商务谈判的影响174 American Individualism as Shown in Forrest Gump175 A Study on the Role of Parents in Primary School English Learning176 On Metaphor Translation Strategies from Cultural Perspective177 论英语新闻标题中修辞的汉译178 从违反合作原则的角度解读会话含义179 情感范畴在转喻中的认知体现180 国际货物销售合同的文体特征及翻译181 The Influence of Cross-Cultural Communication on Translation182 哥伦布和郑和航海的对比研究——两次航海所反映出的中西方文化差异183 从弗洛姆的社会过滤理论看中国诗词翻译中的文化传递184 从《暴风雨》看凯特•肖班的自由派女性主义思想185 商务谈判中的模糊语的使用186 解读《纯真年代》中的女性主义187 天鹅的涅槃——以跨文化交际的角度解读《喜福会》中母女关系188 对《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳的悲剧性分析189 英语委婉语的语用分析190 从社会习俗角度分析中西方文化差异191 《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的女性主义形象分析192 从批评话语分析角度看奥巴马就职演说中的感召力193 中小学辅导机构英语教学模式——一对一教学与小班课堂教学教案的比较分析194 A Comparative Study of Women in Fortress Besieged and Pride and Prejudice 195 Christ Love in Uncle Tom’s Cabin196 论马克•吐温的种族观－－以《哈克贝利•芬历险记》为例197 从《嘉莉妹妹》看本性与理性的斗争198 中西文化心理差异分析—以饮食习俗为视角199 美国价值观在电影《当幸福来敲门》中的体现200 走出精神的困境：论托尼.莫里森小说《爵士乐》中维奥莱特的自我救赎（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
从《绝望的主妇》看现代美国女性的婚姻
从_绝望主妇_看现代美国家庭危机_余梅
[ 作者简介 ] 余梅, 天津理工大学外国语学院硕士研究生 , 研究方向 究
的比率也直线上升。家庭中夫 妻、 亲子 的角色关系 也产生相 当的混淆。在一 个社区 凝固 力减低 的新 社会 , 家庭 孤立 , 毫 无后盾与保障的安全 网。传统 的价值受到极大的威胁。 1. 单 亲家 庭多。美 国的单 亲家 庭主要 是高 的离婚 率和 未婚先育造成 的。美 国是 个具 有多 元文 化的 国家 , 美 国人 崇尚个人自由 , 崇尚自力更生 , 个人重 大问题 的解决 不是靠 亲友的协助而是 直接 依赖 政府机 关。由于 美国 的社会 制度 造成了人与人之间没有太多的 互相依赖 , 因而美国 人的人际 关系变得比较冷漠 , 而婚姻生活 是一种 情感生 活 , 在 两口子 的生活里 , 夫妻反目或口角都是在所难免的。在美国 , 人与 人之间的情感交 流比 较受 限 , 夫妻 间的 冲突 所产 生的 情绪 障碍就不易获得疏导 , 日积月累很容易造成双方不和 , 情感 上就会出现创伤、 裂缝。当然由 于社会 习俗的原 因 , 双方都 不易得到向别人 宣泄 的机 会 , 这种 情感 上的 伤痕 便无 法弥 合而全面崩溃 , 最 终离 婚也 就不 可避 免了。 同时 由于 美国 人崇尚性自由 , 很多 女性很 早就 做了未 婚妈 妈 , 现在美 国大 学里为未婚 妈妈 提 供了 补助 , 这无 疑助 长 了单 亲家 庭 的增 加 , 而单亲家庭的孩 子 , 尤其是 男孩 子在成 长过 程中由 于缺 少男性楷模 , 其性格上难免会有缺陷。 绝望主妇 里的苏珊是个典型的例子 , 其母亲年亲的时 候与小区的杂货店老板生下了 她却没有结婚 , 苏珊 从小生活 的单亲家庭使她养成了爱管闲 事的性格 ; 其女茱莉 也是生活 在只有母亲的单 亲家庭 , 从 小缺 少父爱 , 这 也是 茱莉后 来找 了一个与自己父亲年龄差不离 的男友的原因 ; 同样 苏珊与迈 克的儿子 , 在他们离婚后也生活在了那 样一个只有 母亲的单 亲家庭里 , 这也是他 胆小的 根源 , 当 加布丽 尔的 女儿将 他推 倒在地时他都没有勇 气还击。由此可见 , 单亲家庭 环境对子 女的性格发展造成严 重障碍 , 成为美国的家庭危机之一。 2. 家庭关系紧张。造成美国 家庭关 系紧张 的原因 很多 , 有因为家长的教 子方 法有 误造成 的。布丽 总是 以强硬 的铁 腕风格治家 , 对孩子 的教育 上她 也采取 很强 硬的风 格 , 孩子 无法与她沟 通 , 说 出自 己 的想 法 , 布 丽甚 至怀 疑 孩子 嗑 药。 致使孩子们对她 产生 排斥 逆反心 理。最后 安德 鲁成为 一个 没有责任感和同情心的同性恋 少年 , 而 这些都是安 德鲁报复 自己的母亲手段 , 最 后布丽 只好 将安德 鲁送 走 , 自己进 了疗 养院 ; 还有因为工作、 子 女教育 和婚 外情引 起的 夫妻关 系紧 张。丽奈特为了 养活四 个孩 子 , 不得不 出去 工作 , 其丈 夫充 当了保姆和家庭 主妇的 角色 , 然 而丈 夫并不 适合 家庭工 作 , 总是无意识地将孩子 至于危险中 , 这样 便促成了夫 妻双方的 矛盾。此外其丈夫还有个私生 子 , 这无 疑给他们的 夫妻关系 造成了很大的障碍。因此 , 家庭关系紧 张也成了美 国家庭危 ( 上接第 85 页 ) [ 3] ( 法 ) 安德烈 纪徳 . 关于 陀思 妥耶夫 斯基 的六次 讲座 [ M ]. 余中先 , 译 . 广西师范大学出版社 , 2006. [ 4] ( 苏 ) 巴赫金 . 陀思妥耶夫斯基 史学问 题 [ M ]. 白春 仁 , 顾 亚玲 , 译 . 三联书店出版社 , 1988 . [ 5] 世界文论 编 辑委 员会 . 陀思 妥耶 夫斯基 的上 帝 [M ].
通过《绝望主妇》看美国多元家庭模式
通过《绝望主妇》看美国多元家庭模式作者：王磊来源：《资治文摘》2016年第01期【摘要】《绝望主妇》是一部自2004年开播以来就风靡全球的美剧。
该剧全面展示了美国的多元家庭模式，如核心家庭、单亲父母、同性婚姻、同居伴侣等，与此同时向观众展示了美国中产阶级家庭生活的状况和追求自由、平等、快乐的家庭观念。
通过一代又一代家庭成员的成长与变化，家庭模式变化对孩子的影响也日益明显，同时对也有一些启发。
【关键词】《绝望主妇》；多元家庭模式；影响；启发《绝望主妇》是一部从2004年到2011年播出的季播剧，全剧共8季，以四个美国中产阶级家庭生活为主线，以虚拟的美景镇紫藤巷为背景，以家庭主妇为主角，通过一位已逝主妇的第三人称全知视角，用轻喜剧的方式向观众展示了丰富多彩、悲欢交织的美国家庭生活和自由开放的美国文化。
此剧的女主角为Susan、Bree、Lynette和Gaby，她们四位的家庭生活占据了全剧的大部分篇章，当然剧中还不断有新成员加入，如Bob和Lee这一对同性夫妻等，观众可以一览无余地观赏紫藤巷居民的喜怒哀乐。
邪恶背后的难言之隐以及光明背后的不堪都通过一家一家的生活展示出来，告诉人们生活一直是绝望的，却也一直是充满希望的。
随着美国社会的不断发展，美国的家庭模式也日益多元化。
一般认为，这种趋势从20世纪六十年代开始出现。
除了美国传统的核心家庭，单亲父母、同性婚姻、同居伴侣关系和丁克家庭也日益成为美国常见的家庭模式。
所以，传统意义上的家庭的概念被打破。
通常人们认为家庭是由婚姻和血缘关系连接的社会单位，但是结合多元的家庭模式，家庭的定义当有所改变。
美国海关申报表上将家庭定义为“因血缘、婚姻、同居伴侣关系或领养而在同一住户的家庭成员”。
这种新的家庭概念更能够准确描述美国当代的家庭状况。
结合《绝望主妇》，我们会对美国多元的家庭模式有更形象、更深刻的认识。
一、多元家庭模式1.传统核心家庭美国的核心家庭由父母和未成年子女组成。
从绝望的主妇看美国家庭教育的特点及对我国的启示
从《绝望的主妇》看美国家庭教育特点及对我国的启示【摘要】本文主要根据美剧《绝望的主妇》看美国家庭教育方式的特点，主要为：注重培养子女的独立意识和适应能力；建立民主平等的亲子关系；注重子女自信心的培养和树立明确的经济观念和经济独立意识。
据此来分析美国家庭教育方式对我国家庭教育的启示，主要包括：将孩子看成平等、自主的独立个体；转变“从众”观念，树立个性教育观及给孩子锻炼的机会三个方面。
【关键词】家庭教育；美国；特点；启示一、背景《绝望的主妇》是如今最受中国女性喜爱的美剧之一。
故事通过一个已故的家庭主妇的视角讲述了美国一个郊外小区紫藤巷里几个家庭之间的故事，故事情节跌宕起伏，其中有悲欢离合，也有钩心斗角；有爱情，也有亲情。
剧中演员们幽默的语言和夸张的表演已将当今美国人的家庭生活展现得淋漓尽致，该剧就像一面镜子，反射出了美国现代人们的生活状况。
本文就《绝望的主妇》中所表现的美国家长在教育子女的观念和做法方面做一些粗浅的介绍，以期能对中国的家长有所启示，为中国的家长们更好地培养孩子提供一点儿可借鉴的资料。
二、美国家庭教育方式的特点(一)注重培养子女的独立意识和适应能力美国家庭普遍认为，孩子的成长必须依靠自己的力量，为了让孩子更好地适应社会，在竞争中获胜，大多数的美国家庭不溺爱孩子，从小就要求他们独立自主，让他们承担一些力所能及的工作。
他们鼓励孩子从小就要自己拿主意，明白只有自己才知道自己需要什么、应该做什么，而不是大人让做什么就做什么。
孩子摔跤时，父母从不去管，都是鼓励孩子自己爬起来。
父母还要求几岁的孩子做家务劳动，如洗碗、扫地、洗衣服等，目的是培养孩子的自理能力，Tom在他的双胞胎儿子大概只有6,7岁的时候就让他们割花园里的杂草。
在美国，十八岁的孩子就开始独立生活、交友，不再依赖父母。
同时，他们鼓励孩子们参加各种实践活动，有意识的培养子女的独立意识和适应能力。
(二)建立民主平等的亲子关系在美国父母有养育子女的责任，但他们之间的关系是比较平等的。
透过《绝望主妇》,洞悉美国女性如何应对家庭危机
透过《绝望主妇》，洞悉美国女性如何应对家庭危机作者：郭彩来源：《新一代》2013年第10期摘要：《绝望主妇》，是一部描绘美国中产阶级家庭主妇们的私生活以及邻里间轶闻趣事的热播剧。
剧中的主妇每个人都有自己“肮脏的小秘密”和各种需要应对的难题，富有悬念和黑色幽默的故事情节将美国家庭主妇光鲜生活背后的痛苦与绝望展现得淋漓尽致。
本文通过解析四类代表性的主妇如何应对婚姻生活中各种危机来给喜爱此剧的中国女性观众提供一些参照和借鉴。
关键词：《绝望主妇》；美国女性；应对；家庭危机中图分类号：G642 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-2851（2013）-10-0286-02相关资料显示，《绝望主妇》热播以来，在中国约有1.3亿忠实观众，其中六成左右为在校女学生和年轻白领，其影响力不容小觑。
该剧以生活在美国一个虚构的郊外住宅区紫藤街的几个中产阶级家庭以及邻里之间的故事为主线，展示了主妇们在爱情、亲情、友情道路上的探索与挣扎。
她们的生活表面上富足幸福，平静祥和，实际上自杀、谋杀、吸毒、绑架、纵火、性变态、家庭暴力、婚外恋等各种不堪的社会现实就充斥在身边。
睿智的编剧将不计其数的主妇形象拆解整合，塑造了四位风格各异的中产阶级女性代言人。
传统的束缚与她们独立自由的要求之间的矛盾不断激化，让她们各自面临着绝望。
精明强势的Lynette在如何平衡家庭和事业不断地尝试，对于五个调皮叛逆的孩子的教育以及与工作繁忙的丈夫苦苦维持大家庭成为她生活中的重心。
做事糊涂有时又自作聪明、滑稽可爱的单身母亲Susan在追求真爱的道路上屡试屡败，屡败屡试。
经历过婚外情，离婚，复婚的漂亮物质少妇Gabrielle不断探索着婚姻中的责任与义务，奉献与索取。
被美国传统价值观牢牢束缚的优雅主妇的Bree处处苛求完美却被家庭生活中的各种不完美折磨得心力憔悴。
本文旨在通过分析这四位主妇在绝望与希望中挣扎的生活，来反思当代女性应如何应对各种危机，获取生存空间。
从《绝望主妇》透视人本主义思想主导下的西方社会
２ ０ １ ４年 ９月
从 《 绝望主妇 》透视人本主义思想
主导下的西方社会
杨 笨
（ 中南林业科技 大学，湖 南 长沙 ４ １ ０ ０ ０ ０ ）
［ 内容提要］ 人本主义思想是 当代西 方社 会的主导价值观 ，它反对 肉体 与灵魂 分离 的二元论和神 学论，承 认 人 的社会活 动属性，提倡 自由平等博 爱，鼓励人们通过 自我努 力实现 个人价值 。作 为近 年来炙手可热 的电视 剧， 《 绝望主妇 》在人物 刻画与剧情 内容上都蕴含着丰 富的人本主义 思想 ，通过对 这一思想 的整理与分析 ，让观众 充 分深入地理解 人本主义思想主导下 的当今 西方社会景况 ，意识 到人本主义思想驱动 下的社会进步与弊端 。 ［ 关键词】 《 绝望主妇》 ；人本主义 ；西方社会 ［ 中图分类号］ Ｊ ９ ０ ５ ［ 文献标 识码］ Ａ ［ 文章编号］ １ ０ ０ ８ — ７ ４ ２ ７（ ２ ０ １ ４ ）０ ９ ． ０ ０ ７ ６ ． ０ ２ 美 国 电视业 近年 来在 电视 剧产 品方面 形成 了一 种特殊 的创作氛 围—— 边写边播 ， 编 剧者的剧本往往只 比观众所 看 到 的电视剧情 早一两个星期 出来 ， 电视剧也是采取边演边播 的形式 ， 每一 周只 出来一集剧情 ，这对编剧者 的才 能是 极大 的挑 战， 稍 不留神 ， 作 品就容 易陷入 “ 情节 简单 、 语言平庸 ” 的口水 骂战。然而 《 绝 望主 妇》系列 电视剧却创造 了一 个不 灭 的影视神话 ，编剧匠心独运 ，令其每一集都 出色地完 成了 征服观众 视听享受的任务 ，语 言幽默诙谐 ，剧情环环相扣 ， 人物 写实典型，社会 问题入木三 分。从 ２ ０ ０ ４年拍摄第 一季 开始 ，至今 已延续到第八季 ，在此期 间，它囊括 了包括 金球 奖、艾美 奖、美国青 少年选择奖 、全美人 民选择奖 及美国演 员工会奖在 内的多项大奖 。 其作品影响力 已经 从美 国本地扩 大 至世界各 国，是近几年 美 国影 视业 界不可 多得 的经 典作 品 。该 剧主 要 通过 一 位过 世 的 主妇 Ｍａ ｒ ｙ 的视 角 ，讲 述 Ｆ ａ ｉ ｒ ｖ ｉ ｅ ｗ小镇上 四位性 格迥异的主妇 Ｂ ｒ ｅ ｅ 、 Ｇａ ｂ ｒ ｉ ｅ ｌ ｌ ａ 、 Ｓ ｕ ｓ ａ ｎ 和Ｌ ｙ ｎ ｅ ｔ ｔ ｅ 各 自的生活遭 遇，同时穿插 了对现 实社 会中有关 婚姻 、事业 、家庭 、伦理 、种族 等热点 问题 的深入剖 析，内 容发人深思 ， 耐人 寻味，让观众深刻体会 到生活的幸福与不 幸， 童话世界里 王子公主般幸福生活 的念 头只 会在 现实 的残 酷 斗争中土崩瓦解 。除了巧妙的情节设计 、生动的人物角色 和社会热点 的深 入剖析外 ，《 绝望主妇 》所折 射出来 的西方 主导思想也是值得深入讨 论的主题 ，因此 ， 本 文试 以该剧 的 人本主 义思想 为线索 ，揭示 当代 西方 社会在 生产力迅 速扩 张、高科技飞速发展 的大背景下如何实践人本主 义思想观 ， 以及 由此带来 的社会进 步与滞后 。 人本主义 人本主义是现代西方 文化的重要元素之 一，它是 １ ４世 纪下半 期发源 于意大 利并传 播到欧洲 其他 国家的哲 学和文 学运动 ，以 １ ９世纪德 国的费尔 巴哈和俄 国的车尔尼雪夫斯 基为代表 。 它基 于对人 自身 的探索 ，反对 肉体与灵魂分离 的 二元论和神学论 ，承认人的社会活动 属性 ，提倡 自由平等博 爱 ，鼓励人们通过 自我努 力实现个人价值 。纵观历史 ，人本 主义思想可 以说发端 于古希腊 ， 它们 兴起 是与古希腊和罗 马 的古典主义传统密 不可分的 ， 公元前 ５世纪智者派哲学 中的 普罗泰戈拉就 曾提 出 “ 人是万物 的尺度 ，是存在者存在 的尺
探析《绝望主妇》中美国人的价值观
艺术品鉴YI SHU PIN JIAN价值观是一个社会中辨别个人言行标准的抽象概念，是存在于人们头脑中不成文的法律，它处于文化的深层。
它既指一个人的处世态度，也包括一个人的信仰和爱好，希望与恐惧……一个人内心的价值观念无论多么错综复杂，都不可避免会在他的生活方式中表现出来。
《绝望主妇》就是一部反映家庭生活的伦理剧，这体现生活的方方面面。
笔者分析《绝望主妇》语言表象，发现了其中所体现的美国个人主义价值观。
自2004年《绝望主妇》在美国ABC电视网播出以来，在短短两个月内，该剧成为全美l0年来收视率攀升最快的剧集。
与传统的家庭剧相比，《绝望主妇》拥有家庭剧全新的切入点，即完美表象下的巨大遗憾。
虽然背景是一处比较富裕的小区，展现了美国中产阶级的大量日常生活片段，但这部系列剧的核心内容是“每一个家庭都有黑暗的小秘密”，阳光下的罪恶不断地在每一栋房子里上演。
在熟悉的场景范围内，该剧引导观众对社会价值进行反思。
一、国内外关于价值观研究的发展国外价值观的研究开始于20世纪30年代，至今已有80多年的历史。
20世纪50年代，由美国人类学家克拉克洪和斯乔贝克提出的价值观定义在西方心理学界确立了支配地位，从操作层面对价值观的各种定义进行了整合。
20世纪70年代，罗克奇把价值观理解为一种信念，更重要的是，他把价值观分为终极价值观和工具性价值观两方面，开始了从维度上对价值观的分析和测量，使价值观的研究进一步走向深入。
20世纪70年代末，霍夫斯泰德进行了一次迄今世界上最大规模的文化价值调查研究，用20多种语言从态度和价值观方面，对50多个国家和地区的1.6万名IBM进行了文化价值观调查和分析。
国内价值观的研究开始于20世纪60年代，至今已有50多年的历史。
国内价值观的研究最初源于使用外来的量表或理念，我国港台学者多倾向于直接引用西方学者的定义，这其中尤以克拉克洪大罗、罗克奇、施瓦茨的定义最为流行。
改革开放以来，中国社会转型时期的社会变动引发了人们价值观念的激烈变动。
《从绝望的主妇分析美国家庭教育的特点》
《从绝望的主妇分析美国家庭教育的特点》本科生学年论文论文题目：从<<绝望的主妇>>分析美国家庭教育的主要特点姓名：余娟娟学号：201320500108班级：1325001班年级：2013级专业：英语学院：外国语学院指导教师：王可可完成时间：2016年1月10日摘要《绝望的主妇》是如今最受中国女性喜爱的美剧之一。
前人已经从女权主义，美国女性的婚姻，中美文化对比等角度对美剧《绝望的主妇》进行了分析研究。
但鲜有从美国家庭教育方式的角度对《绝望的主妇》进行分析。
家庭教育，是教育的重要组成部分之一，也是学校教育和社会教育的基础。
故本文主要从流行的美国电视连续剧《绝望的主妇》来分析美国家庭教育方式的主要特点。
最后得出以下四个主要特点：建立民主平等的亲子关系；培养子女的独立个性和适应能力；培养子女的自信心和教育子女树立明确的经济观念和经济独立意识。
并据此来分析美国家庭教育方式对我国家庭教育的一些启示，主要包括：将孩子看成平等、独立自主的个体；给孩子锻炼的机会；经常鼓励孩子。
关键词：绝望的主妇；美国家庭教育；主要特点；CONTENTSChapter 1 Introduction (1)Chapter 2 Main traits of American family education............................. (3)2.1 establishing democratic and equal parent-child relationship (3)2.2 fostering filial personality of independence and ability to adapt (4)2.3 cultivating filial confidence……………………………………………….. .52.4 educating children set up explicit economic idea and awareness ofeconomicindependence (6)Chapter 3 Enlightenments to Chinese family education (8)3.1 regarding children as equal, independent individuals (8)3.2 offering children opportunities of anneal (8)3.3 encouraging children frequently (9)Chapter 4 Conclusion (10)References (12)Analysis of the main traits of American family education fromDesperate HousewivesChapter 1 IntroductionDesperate Housewives is one of the most popular American televisiondrama .The main setting of the show was Wisteria Lane, a street in the fictional American town of “Fairview” in the fictional “Eagle State”.The show followed the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of a dead neighbor who committed suicide in the very first episode. Susan, a single mother, took a fancy to her new neighbor -the plumber, Mike. Lynette returned from her successful career to be a full-time housewife, taking care of her four children. Bree pursued perfection in everything, but her children disliked her and her husband betrayed her. Gabriell, who married a rich man, had an affair with young gardener as she was alone mentally. Now while trying to deal with their own all kinds of hectic problems and romantic lives, each year brings on a new mystery and more dark and twisted events to come. Life behind closed doors is about to be revealed as suburban life takes a funny and dark turn. The humorous words and exaggerate performance of the actors revealed modern American family life vividly. This television drama is just like a mirror which reflects the life condition ofAmerican people. Observing carefully, there are many family education patterns revolved in the plot. So this thesis paper analyzes the main traits of American family education from the popular American television drama Desperate Housewives.Zhang Na has analyzed Desperate Housewives from the perspective of feminism.Her article pointed that this TV series totally focus on the life of women life, which perfectly highlighted the theme of pure feminization. Her points were a little extreme, this TV does not totally describe women life, education and life of man also involved. Liang Tingting has given analysis of Desperate Housewives from the perspective of American women marriage. Her study indicated that the four housewives entered a Fortress Besieged of marriage pattern and they bounded their fate with marriage in name of love tightly. The description of A Fortress Besieged of marriage is very vivid and realistic to marriage life. From the perspective of cultural contrast between China and America, Fu Lei in his papers studied Desperate Housewives and pointed out the cultural differences between China and America in the aspect of family, social interaction and society. But few analyze Desperate Housewives from the aspect of American family education.Most people including some parents may say that family education simply m eans raising and educating. However, it is never the case. Family education is mo re than raising and educating. A General Introduction of Chen Heqin’s Thoug hts onPreschool Education defines family education as “Family education is a society u se to educate new generation with aims and systems”. Therefore parents need to know how to carry out family education with right aims and system.This article combines the plot of Desperate Housewives and the real situation of modern American family education to analyze the main features of American family education from the popular American television drama Desperate Housewives. In the end, finding out the following four main traits:establishing democratic and equal parent-child relationship; emphasizing fostering filial consciousness of independence and ability to adapt; paying attention to the cultivation of filial confidence and educating children set up explicit economic idea and awareness of economic independence. According to these traits of American family education pattern, summarizing some enlightenment to our country’s family education.Chapter 2 Main Traits of American Family EducationAccording to the analysis of Desperate Housewives, There are four main traits of American family education. They are establishing democratic and equal parent-child relationship, emphasizing fostering filial personality of independence and ability to adapt, paying attention to the cultivation of filial confidence and educating children set up explicit economic idea and awareness of economic independence.2.1 Establishing Democratic and Equal Parent-child RelationshipAmerican family education emphasize on democracy and equality. In America, parents take the responsibility of raising their children. But parents and children share an equal relationship. Children are supposed to respect their parents, while parents also need to respect their children. In the aspect of salutation, children can call their parents’name directly, just like call their friends. In Desperate Housewives, Susan and her daughter are relatively free, equal and harmonious. They are not superior to each other in the aspect ofposition. There is also no enforce and suppress exists between them. On the contrary, they often talked freely and share opinions with each other. Even the daughter, Julie, often give advices to her mother, Susan. Julie was always a supporter and adviser to accompany her mother when Susan’s life and marriage were in a great mess. Therefore a harmonious family atmosphere is created in her family. Actually American parents pay much attention to children’s thoughts and opinions. It gives children an opportunity to express their ideas. In America, parents will not enter the private space of their children without their permission. To some extend, it is a kind of respect towards children. When children make mistakes, parents always tend to explain patiently and bring out the facts and reasons to them rather than blaming them directly. Polite words are often used when parents talk to their children. For instance, when they ask children for help, they will say like this “Could you help me with the rubbish?’’. Growing in this kind of democratic atmosphere, children can feel other people’s respect. It will naturally make them be aware of respecting others. In America, when faced with problems, parents will respect children’s opinions. Even sometimes parents will ask for children’s suggestion forwardly. Children are welcomed and encouraged to join the discussion of family affairs decision. In Desperate Housewives, Lynette says to her child:“Honey, you are old enough now. You should make your own decision rather than always depending on us to provide suggestions. Democratic and equal family education pattern indeed gives American children an opportunity to express their thoughts and make decisions by themselves. This kind of family education also greatly cultivates the characteristics of children to considerate independently, dare to try and equipped with the pioneering spirit.2.2 Fostering Filial Personality of Independence and Ability to AdaptAmerican family education aims to cultivate children to be a “social person”, “independent person”. Parents hope their children are equipped with the abilityto adapt to all kinds of social environment and live independently. They believe that tutoring study is the business of school and teacher, the aim of education is not to prepare for making a living but prepare for living. They pay more attention to the value built for mood not related to career or utility. It is commonly believed in American families that children have to depend on themselves to grow up. In order to make their children adapt to society better and win in the fierce competition, most American families do not spoil children. On the one hand, they demand their children to be independent and encourage them to take some work that they are able to finish. Parents help children with the work beyond their ability. American parents always encourage children to express their thoughts and make their own decisions. Children are supposed to realize that only them, themselves know clearly what they really need and what should they do rather than acting by parents’ willing or decision. Only thinking independently can they be independently. When child fall down, parents never interrupt, but encouraging him to get up by himself. Parents often ask children from an early age to do some simple housework, such as cleaning dishes, sweeping the floor, washing clothes and so on. Parents do these aims to cultivate children the self-care ability. So that children can be able to take care of themselves independently and adapt to the society better. In Desperate Housewives, Tom asked his twins brother sons to cut the grass in the garden when they are about six or seven years old. Maybe they can not do it well, but at least they experience it and realize independence gradually. In America, children aged eighteen have begin to live and make friends independently. They are not supposed to rely on their parents any more. In Desperate Housewives, Lynette asked her son to move out from the house after he made girlfriend and prepared to get married. So his son rented his neighbor’s house. And also he made money by himself. On the other hand, parents encourage children to take part in various practical activities. Children engage in all kinds of activities and get to be familiar with all kinds of things. At the same time, they can accumulate some experience through the activities they involved. So that it can be more easily toadapt themselves to the society. In this way, parents develop children the consciousness of independence and the ability of adjustment.2.3 Cultivating Filial ConfidenceNo doubt, confidence plays an important role in people’s whole life development no matter intellectually or physically. Confidence also has influence on the ability of dealing with all kinds of things. People who lake confidence will suffer deficiency of activeness in any ability development. Actually activeness of people has crucial impact on the stimulation of people’s sense organ and its function as well as its comprehensive ability. So it is a very wise action that American family education pays great attention to the development of filial confidence. Actually praise and encouragement occupy a large proportion in ways of American family education. For example, American parents often encourage children to join football team, volleyball tem as well as softball team and so on. It often happens that the coach is the parents of students. Parents often come to cheer or serve when children have a contest. In Desperate Housewives, in order to make her son gain confidence, Lynette accompanied his son to practice play balls even chose to bribe a child, the opponent of her son in this match, with money to make him lose the game deliberately. Although her action is not so favorable, the aim is to build confidence for her child. Unlike many Chinese patents, America parents always praise their children for even a little progress. They often say words like this “You are great, I am very proud of you!’’ to their children to make them feel their value, build confidence and make further progress. Making children believe that parents are their firm supporter on the journey of their life. Once children realize their words and efforts are recognized and worthy, they naturally feel the value of themselves and build up their confidence.2.4 educating children set up explicit economic idea and awareness ofeconomic independenceThere is no doubt that explicit economic idea and awareness of economic independence play a very important role in one’s whole life. So it’s the same with child. That is why parents try to educate their children to build up clear economic idea and awareness of economic independence from an earlyage .American parents seem to be “mean” in many people’s eyes. Although many American families are rich enough, parents have strict regulations on children’s pocket money. It is surveyed that about fifty-four percent teenagers have no pocket money and about sixty-eight percent teenagers do some part time job to earn pocket money. Actually American parents never satisfy children’s requirements casually but to encourage them to earn money by their own labor. Even the underage children need to earn some pocket money through doing some simple housework. Elder children will work on some manual labor to make some money for their own expenses during vacations. After eighteen, basically children do not accept parents’ finance any more. In Desperate Housewives, Andrew, son of Bree, serve as a waiter to make some pocket money in Tom’s pizza restaurant rather than ask pocket money from his mom. American fathers usually refuse to give children rights of inheritance of their property. Gatsby acclaimed that he only left each child ten millions in his property of eighteen point five billion. He will contribute the left to philanthropy. It’s commonly accepted by the American parents that it is the worst thing in life to make children sit idle and enjoy the fruits of other’s work. It will rob children the opportunity of experiencing success and failure. Children are taught to consume with plan, to spend pocket money with limit and to earn money with efforts. In this way, educating children set up explicit economic idea and awareness of economic independence.Chapter3. Enlightenments to Chinese family educationThis chapter will introduce some enlightenment to Chinese family education according to the features of American family education obtaining from Desperate Housewives and the real American family education situation. Given that there still some malpractice exists in Chinese family education pattern.3.1 regarding children as equal, independent individualsIt’s true that everyone is unwilling to accept the decision that forced on them. Neither do children. They hope to make choice by their own willing. Children would like to share equal position with families on the basis of respect and understanding. That means parents are supposed to regard children as equal and independent individuals rather than their subsidiary. Nowadays many Chinese parents do not regard children as independent individuals but a tool to realize the dreams of parents. They help children choose their hobby, majors, friends, jobs even marriage. To some extent, it greatly deprives children of right of equality and independence. So for some parents, it’s time to change their thoughts and way of education. What parents need to act is guide not decide. They need to identify children as a person who is equal to them, respect children and try to create democratic family atmosphere. As for the affairs related to children, parents need to give children rights of freely choose and respect, support the decision made by children. Let children choose and plan their own life. Let children themselves be the master of their own life.3.2 offering children opportunities of annealMany Chinese parents are afraid of children suffer difficulties. They try their best to provide as good living environment as possible, making meals for them, cleaning up rooms for them even bring meals to classroom for them. They try to arrange and do everything for children. However they ignore the importance of experiencing life anneal. They do not realize the importance of anneal for children’s development. Actually in order to make children equipped with the ability and courage to face and solve the difficulties they will embody in all kinds of situation, they should get proper anneal through life. Parents do not need to deal all the things for children. In daily life, parents can demand children take part of housework, something they are capable to do, such as washing dishes or clothes. Also they can encourage children to do some part jobs and takepart in all kinds of activities in and out schools. These things indeed can offer opportunities for children to get to know the society better and gain some experience through the things they engage.3.3 encouraging children frequentlyEncouragement actually plays a crucial role in family education. American parents always encourage and praise their children to cultivate children’s confidence. However, many Chinese parents tend to blame children and make comparison between their children and other children. They seldom praise children even if children make progress or behave well. It will discourage children greatly and influence their behavior. Parents need to praise and encourage children more frequently so that children can gain confidence gradually. Actually confidence can make great contribution to one’s success and development.Chapter4 conclusionThe analysis of the main traits of American family education from the popular American television drama Desperate Housewives Turn out that American education emphasis on democratic and equal parent-child relationship, filial personality of independence and ability to adapt as well as filial confidenceand explicit economic idea and awareness of economic independence . Family education is the basic of school education and social education. It can not be replaced by school education and social education. While family is first school for children as well as an eternal school where education can exists during person’s whole life. Parents are the first teacher and an eternal teacher that can not be replaced. So the education view of parents means a lot to the development of children. Recent years, our government has always advocated educational reform. Quality-oriented education has been mentioning in education circles. But quality-oriented education can not be accomplished well only by counting on school education. It calls for the joint effort of school, family and society. Therefore parents are supposed to set up right and proper educational view to cultivate their children to be a competitive person in the society. Chinese parents can learn something from the traits of American education to adjust their way of family education properly.Due to the author’s lack in chance to grow in an American family and experience American family education personally, and to some extent, the author’s knowledge of American family education and Desperate Housewives is limited, some points in this paper were not so perfect. Also, if access to American family education in real life for a long time and studying Desperate Housewives deeper, the effects will be much clearer.ReferenceSegarra, J.A. &Dobles, R.R. (1999).Family Education in Western Countries, MA: Harvard Educational ReviewSuarez-Orozco,M.M&Qin-Hilliard,DB.(2004)Globalization: Culture and Education. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press贾尚姝.2013.The Difference Between Chinese And American Family Education.科教导刊（中旬刊）艾琳. 2005.美国式家庭教育.中央编译出版社.管晓静.2005.当今家庭教育存在的主要问题.山西高等学校社会科学学报.冯静.2010.中美家庭教育比较及对我国家庭教育的启示.新西部黄小勇&黄菜方.2002.中美家庭教育的比较与启示.武汉大学理工学报：社会科学版.李盈.2010.美国家庭教育的启示当代教育论坛.王丽.2010.中国和美国的家庭教育比较研究.内江科技。
《绝望的主妇》中的中美家庭价值观的比较研究
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and Lin Daiyu 198 从“看上去很美”和“Little Miss Sunshine”两部影片浅析中美儿童教育观念的差异199 人文主义思想在《皆大欢喜》中的运用200 《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的资产阶级特征。
从《绝望的主妇》中丽奈特的教育观／家庭观看中西方文化的差异
宏杰（内蒙古财经大学外国语学院，内蒙古呼和浩特010050）[摘要]东西方文化自古以来由于地域环境、人文、风俗的差异而呈现出各种各样的差别，这些差别表现在社会以及生活的各个方面，比如家庭、教育、社会文化、风俗习惯等方面。
本文针对电视剧《绝望的主妇》中呈现出来的西方国家生活文化的态势，让我们从剧中丽奈特的家庭观、教育观等不同方面去看西方文化，并针对剧中体现出来的教育观、家庭观同中国的教育观及家庭观进行适当对比，以便我们从中受到启发，了解一下中西方文化的差异。
[关键词]教育观；家庭观；中西方；文化；差异中图分类号：J905文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-8610（2013）9-0042-02不同的国家、地域以及不同文化环境中的人们，对于家庭观和教育观有着不一样的理解和诠释，因此，中西方在各个领域存在着较大差异，其家庭观、教育观也存在着较大差异。
众所周知，《绝望的主妇》2004年开播以来，陆续用了8年时间才播完，一部电视剧能连续8年时间，在全球风靡一时，在说明这部电视剧成功的同时，也必然有其独到之处。
在《绝望的主妇》中由赫夫曼饰演的丽奈特之所以那么出众，在肯定赫夫曼演技的同时，最重要的一点或许是剧中的丽奈特身上不仅表现出了女性固有的温柔、体贴和贤惠，还表现出了现代职场女性特有的干练和果敢，可以说剧中的丽奈特和现实生活非常接近，她几乎和我们生活中的家庭主妇没有两样，但又不完全是真正意义上的家庭主妇，她是一个现实与理想的混合体。
下面我们就针对《绝望的主妇》中丽奈特的一些故事，看看当今世界中西方在教育观和家庭观上的一些区别：一、从《绝望的主妇》中看中西方教育观的差异（一）从《绝望的主妇》中丽奈特教育倾向看中西方文化的差异在《绝望的主妇》中的四位家庭主妇中有一位伊娃，她是新一代美国移民的代表，其他三位都是母亲，剧中的丽奈特从不打骂、强迫孩子，她尊重孩子的选择，理解孩子的心理，并且，丽奈特能给孩子提供一个独立自主的成长环境，培养孩子的独立生存能力，她可以根据孩子的成长、变化和特点不断调整教育方式。
从《绝望的主妇》看中美婚姻观和家庭观的不同
从《绝望的主妇》看中美婚姻观和家庭观的不同
苏丹
【期刊名称】《亚太教育》
【年(卷),期】2016(000)011
【摘要】作为一部曾在许多国家和地区创下惊人收视率的家庭美剧，《绝望的主妇》近年来受到越来越多中国观众的追捧。
本片从一个已故家庭主妇的视角，讲述了美国一个郊外小区紫藤街里四位性格不同的家庭主妇的生活。
透过这样贴近生活的美剧，我们不仅可以了解到美国社会普通老百姓的日常生活，也可以从中领会到许多中美文化的差异。
因此，本文采用个案分析法和归纳法，着重探讨中美两国人民在家庭观和婚姻观上存在的差异。
通过对这些差异的分析与总结，帮助我们了解中美两国独特的文化内涵，同时也有助于两国人民进行有效的跨文化交际。
【总页数】2页(P109-110)
【作者】苏丹
【作者单位】福建江夏学院公共外语部
【正文语种】中文
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