托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析1-(31803)(可编辑修改word版)
托福(TOEFL)语法试题及答案详解(4)
D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
答案：A
分析：缺宾语。B语序混乱;C中出现两个谓语动词，错;D中became 仍然没有宾语，so that 多余，错。
参考译文：波士顿在1963年被英国清教徒定址，并曾是马萨诸塞州湾殖民地的首都。
1. All the major cities of the United States， ________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico， began as centers of trade.
A. and to include
8. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short， wet winters followed by long， dry summers.
A. are trees and shrubs
B. how trees and shrubs
C. trees and shrubs have
D. trees and shrubs
答案：D
分析：of 后接名词，首先排除A和B.C中有个动词have， 后半句中有动词follow， 两句之间没有连接词，一定错。
参考译文：丛林由树和灌木组成，短的、潮湿的冬天和随后的长的干燥的夏天阻碍了它们的生长。
A. when a statement
B. as a statement
C. a statement
D. to a statement
答案：C
分析：缺宾语。A，B，D中的when， as， to 多余。
(word完整版)历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案
0308托福试题阅读（55minutes）Question 1-11If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied materialis examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do thesebacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenthcentury, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous(5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonlivingmatter.The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structurespresent in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it hadtrapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteurfound that in ordinary air these exists a variety ofsolid structures ranging in size from0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of thesebodies resembled the reproductive(15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells .As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they couldnot be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originatedfrom the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that these bodies are constantly(20)being deposited on all objects.Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution was sealed in a glass flask and heated toboiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it, it never putrefied .The proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary forspontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way(25)by heating so that it would no longer supportspontaneous generation. Pasteur constructed a swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but aircould reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask..Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy.1,What does the passage mainly discuss?(a)Pasteur’s influence on the development of the microscope.(b)The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation .(c)The effects of pasteurization on food.(d)Pasteur’s argument agai nst the theory of spontaneous generation .2,The phrase “teeming with ”in line 2 is closest in meaning to(a)full of(b)developing into(c)resistant to(d)hurt by3,Which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer?(a)What is the origin of the living organisms are seen on some food?(b)How many types of organisms can be found on food?(c)What is the most effective way to prepare living organisms for microscopic examination?(d)How long can food stand before it putrefies?4,The word “resemble” in line 9 is closest in meaning to。
历年TOEFL考试经典语法错题及答案
收集易错语法题及答案1989年01月语法题 (2)1989年05月语法题 (3)1989年08月语法题 (5)1989年10月语法题 (6)1990年01月语法题 (7)1990年05月语法题 (7)1990年08月语法题 (8)1990年10月语法题 (9)1991年1月语法题 (10)1991年5月语法题 (10)1991年10月语法题 (12)1992年01月语法题 (12)1992年05月语法题 (12)1992年08月语法题 (13)1992年10月语法题 (14)1993年01月语法题 (14)1993年05月语法题 (15)1993年08月语法题 (15)1993年10月语法题 (16)2000年01月语法题 (17)2000年05月语法题 (17)2000年08月语法题 (18)2000年10月语法题 (19)2001年01月语法题 (20)2001年05月语法题 (21)2001年08月语法题 (22)2001年10月语法题 (26)2002年01月语法题 (26)2002年05月语法题 (27)2002年10月语法题 (28)2002年08月语法题 (28)2002年09月语法题 (29)2003年01月语法题 (29)2003年08月语法题 (30)2004年01月语法题 (31)1989年01月语法题12. A historical novel may do more than mirror history; __________future events.(A) even influencing(B) it may even influence(C) may even influence(D) that it may even influence14. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes__________roundshape into a teardrop shape.(A) of the drop(B) the drop’s(C) drop of(D) drops their15.__________modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting topersonalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.(A) If(B) But(C) With(D) Once16. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, whenFrances Perkins became secretary of labor.23. The ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals.28. Benjamin Franklin drew a political cartoon that is credited raising 10,000 volunteers for theAmerican Revolutionary War.lchemists.31. Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat.39. The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.1989年05月语法题libel is printed while slander is spoken,libel文字中伤是写的，诽谤是说出来的。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解语法在托福考试中占重要的位置，整理了托福语法考试模拟题，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _____ was causedby animbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案： B 分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that 引导的宾语从句。
这里that为连接adv,在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. I n 1976 Sarah Caldwell became ________ at the Metropolita n Opera Housein New York City. A. she was the first woman to conduct B. the first womanconductor C. the woman was first conducting D. the woman conducts first 答案： B 分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B， D 可以作宾语，但 D 的语序不对。
参考译文：1976, Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约MetropolitanOpera House演出的演奏家补充：常考the first/second/ …one to do sth3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a majorrole at New York Citys Metropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案： A 分析：缺宾语, C, D 都不能作宾语。
托福真题语法分册_(可编辑)
托福真题语法分册_托福真题语法分册958托福语法1 According to the third law of thermodynamics _____ possible is –27316 degrees centigradeA that temperature is lowestB the temperature is lowerC lowest temperatureD the lowest temperature2 After the First World War the author Anais Nin became interested in the art movement known as Surrealism and in psychoanalysis both _____ her novels and shorts storiesA in which the influenceB of which influencedC to have influenceD its influence in3 Muskrats generally _____ close to the edge of a bog where their favorite plant foods grow plentifullyA stayingB they are stayingC stayD to stay there4 Oliver Ellsworth _____ of the United States Supreme Court was the author of the bill that established the federal court systemA he was the third chief justiceB the third chief justice wasC who the third chief justiceD the third chief justice5 _____ Colonial period the great majority of Connecticuts settlers came from EnglandA SinceB The timeC During theD It was6 A politician can make a legislative proposal more _____ by giving specific examples of what its effect will beA to understandingB understandablyC understandableD when understood7 Playing the trumpet with dazzling originality _____dominated jazz for 20 yearsA Louis ArmstrongB The influence of Louis ArmstrongC The music of Louis ArmstrongD Louis Armstrongs talent8 Before every presidential election in the United States the statisticians try to guess the proportion of the population that _____ for each candidateA are votedB votingC to be votedD will vote9 _____ at a river ford on the Donner Pass route to California the city of Reno grew as bridges and railroad were builtA SettleB To settleC It was settlingD Having been settled10 The air inside a house or office building often has higher concentrations of contaminants _____ heavily polluted outside airA than doesB moreC as some that areD like of11 The decimal numeral system is one of the _____ ways of expressing numbersA useful most worldsB worlds most usefulC useful worlds mostD most worlds useful12 Emily Dickinsons garden was a place _____ great inspiration for her poemsA that she drewB by drawing herC from which she drewD drawn from which13 The mountains surrounding Los Angeles effectively shield the city from the hot dry winds of the Mojave Desert _____ the circulation of airA but they also preventB also prevented by themC and also to preventD and also preventing14 Not only _____ to determine the depth of the ocean floorbut it is also used to locate oilA to use seismologyB is seismology usedC seismology is usedD using seismology15 Nebraska has floods in some years _____A in others droughtB droughts are othersC while other droughtsD others in drought16 Pop Art was a movement of the 1950s and 1960s whom imagerywas based onA B Creadily recognized American products and peopleD17 Because the tachinid fly is a parasite of harmful insectsmuch species have beenA B Cimported into the United States to combat insect pestsD18 All almost the electricity for industrial use comes fromlarge generators driven by steam turbinesA B C D19 The Egyptians first discovered that drying fruitpreserved it made it sweeter andA B Cimprovement its flavorD20 During his twelve year there Ellsi Marsalis turned theNew Orleans Center for theA BCreative Arts into a rich training place for future jazzstarsC D21 Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned withoperations on sets ofA Bnumbers or other elements that are often represented atsymbolsC D22 As her focus changed the love poetry that Edna St Vincent Millay produced inA B Cthe 1920s increasing gave way to poetry dealing with social injusticeD23 When a pearl is cut in half and examined under a microscope but its layers can be seenA B C D24 A conductor uses signals and gesture to let the musicians to know when to playA B C Dvarious parts of a composition25 If a glass lizard loses its tails a new one grows to replace itA B C D26 Many of the recording instruments used in vary branches of science are kymographsA B C D27 It was near end of prehistoric times that the firstwheeled vehicles appearedA B C D28 Martin Luther King Jrs magnificent speaking ability enabling him to effectivelyA B Cexpress the demands for social justice for Black AmericansD29 Designers of athletic footwear finely tune each category of shoe to its particularlyA B Cactivity by studying human motion and physiologyD30 Gothic Revival architecture has several basis characteristics that distinguish itA B Cfrom other nineteenth-century architectural stylesD31 Since rats are destructive and may carry disease therefore many cities try to exterminate themA B C D32 In the United States among 60 percent of the space on the pages of newspapersA Bis reserved for advertisingC D33 Recently in the automobile industry multinational companies have developed toAthe point where such few cars can be described as having been made entirely in one countryB C D34 Scientists believe that by altering the genetic composition of plants it is possible toAdevelop specimens that are resisting to disease and have increased food valueB C D35 The purpose of travelers checks is to protect travelers from theft and accidentalA B Clost of moneyD36 The early periods of aviation in the United States was marked by exhibition flightsA Bmade by individual fliers or by teams of performers at country fairsC D37 The American anarchist Emma Goldman infused her spirited lectures publishesAand demonstrations with a passionate belief in the freedom of the individualB C D38 Being the biggest expanse of brackish water in the world the Baltic Sea is ofA B Cspecial interesting to scientistsD39 The main advertising media include direct mail radio television magazine and newspaperA B C D40 While studying the chemistry of human body Dr Rosalyn Yalow won a Nobel Prize for theA Bresearch she conducted on the role of hormonesC D9510托福语法1 _____ the demands of aerospace medicine and agriculture engineers are creating exotic new metallic substancesA MeetB Being met areC To meetD They are meeting2 _____ James A Bland "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" was adopted is the state song of Virginia in 1940A Was written byB His writing wasC He wrote theD Written by3 Mary Garden _____ the early 1900s was considered one of the best singing actresses of her timeA a soprano was popularB in a popular sopranoC was a popular sopranoD a popular soprano in4 In the realm of psychological theory Margaret F Washburn was a dualist _____ that motor phenomena have an essential rolein psychologyA who she believedB who believedC believedD who did she believe5 _____ no real boundary to the part of the ocean referred to as a "deep" because of changing water levels and movement in the sea floorA It isB To beC BeingD There is6 Unlike moderate antislavery advocates abolitionists _____ an immediate end to slaveryA demandedB they demandC that they demandedD in that they demand7 A few animals sometimes fool their enemies _____ to be deadA appearB to appearC by appearingD to be appearing8 _____ of the mourning dove is made only by the maleA That the sad cooing callB The sad cooing callC Is the sad cooing callD The cooing call is sad9 The work of painters in the United States during the early twentieth century is noted for _____ as well as telling storiesA it is representing of imagesB which images representingC the images representingD representing images10 Abraham Lincoln insisted that _____ not just on mere opinion but on moral purposeA to base democracyB for democracy to be basedC democracy be basedD whenever democracy is based11 World trade patterns are indicative of the important economic issues _____ confront the world todayA whatB thatC whoD they12 In the symphony orchestra bass drums are not _____ kettle drumsA as prevalentB that prevalentC so prevalent asD prevalent than13 Most natural ports are located where the shoreline is irregular and _____A deep waterB is the water deepC the water is deepD there is the deep water14 _____ to the reproductive rates of other small mammals that of the bat is very low indeedA ComparedB It is comparedC To be comparingD Have compared15 _____ native to Europe the daisy has now spreadthroughout most of North AmericaA AlthoughB If it wereC In spite ofD That it is16 On Ellesmere Island in the Arctic one fossil forest consists of a nearly hundredA Blarge stumps scattered on an exposed coal bedC D17 The surface conditions on the planet Mars are the more like the Earths than areA B Cthose of any other planet in the solar systemD18 The midnight sun is a phenomenon in which the Sun visible remains in the sky forA B Ctwenty-four hours or longerD19 The Humber River and its valley form a major salmon-fishing lumberingA B Chunting and farmer region in western Newfoundland CanadaD20 Among the parameters that determine whether an environment is suitably for lifeA Bas se know it are temperature water availability and oxygen contentC D21 When eggs of some species of insects hatch the newly born insects look almostA B Clike its adult counterpartsD22 Although there are more than 2000 different variety of candy many of them areA Bmade from a basic boiled mixture of sugar water and corn syrupC D23 The capital of the United States originally New York City was moved toA B CPhiladelphia where stayed until 1800D24 Migration of animals may be initiated by physiological stimuli such asA Breproductive changes external pressures such as weather changes or a combinationCof either types of changesD25 Lawrence Robert Klein received the 1980 Nobel Prize in economics for pioneeringA Bthe useful of computers to forecast economic activityC D26 The strength size and surefootedness of the Hama make it as excellent beast ofA B Cburden in mountainous regions today as it was in the pastD27 Nuclear energy despite its early promise as a sourceof electrical power is stillA B Cinsignificant in compared with older and safer energy sourcesD28 Hawaiis eight major islands and numerous islets form the only state in the UnitedA B CStates that is not lie on the mainland of North AmericaD29 Established about 1300 the Acoma pucblo in New Mexico is believed to be oldestA B Ccontinuously occupied settlement in the United States D30 Nocturnal creatures raccoons forage primarily at night and spend their days restA B C Din their dens31 Marian Anderson in addition to gaining fame as a concert soloist also served as aA B CUnited States delegates to the United NationsD32 Good dental hygiene and a proper diet are necessary for the maintain of sound teethA B C D33 Rice adapt better than other grain crops to areas with unfavorable saline alkalineA B Cor acid sulfate soilsD34 Jeanette Rankin pacifist and lifetime crusader for social and electoral reform wasA Bthe first woman to be a membership of the United States CongressC D35 In the United States Maryland ranks second only to Virginia as a oyster-producing stateA B C D36 The social games of children help to prepare themselves for their adult rolesA B C D37 Algae have been an extremely important link in the food chain after the beginningA B Cof life on Earth as we know itD38 The chorus plays a large part in any oratorio linking areas were sung by soloistsA B C Dwith segments of choral music39 Butte Montana had built above large deposits of silver gold and copper andA Bbecame known as "the richest hill on Earth"C D40 Realistic novels in trying to present life as it actually is have written many worksA B Cthat are notable for their artistry of styleD9601托福语法1 Sociologists have long recognized that social tension _____A elements from group livingB elements of a normal group lifeC living are a group of elementsD are normal elements of group life2 _____ have a very keen sense of hearing although most do not hear sounds audible to the human earA While some insects doB Some insects whichC Some insectsD That some insects3 Although both political parties wanted Dwight D Eisenhower as their presidential nominee in 1952 he became a Republican candidate and _____A President was electingB was elected PresidentC to elect the PresidentD being elected president4 If an act is rewarded many times immediately and with strong reinforces it will rapidly become _____A a habitB into a habitC that which a habitD a habit can be5 Giant pandas resemble bears in shape and in _____A it is a slow clumsy way to walkB the slow clumsy way they walkC they walk in a slow clumsy wayD their slow walk is clumsy6 _____ temperature at which air holds as much water vapor as it can is called the dew pointA It is theB Is theC As theD The7 The earring is one of the oldest known ornaments and _____ pieces of stone bone or shellA was from originally fromB was made originally fromC originally made was fromD from originally made was8 No one knows exactly _____A how did speech beginB how speech beganC how the beginning of speechD of how beginning speech9 _____ mechanical device has ever been invented that can satisfactorily replace teasel flower heads for raising the nap on clothA NoB Not theC Never has aD There is no10 Even as a girl _____ to be her life and theater audiences were to be her best teachersA performances by Fanny Brice wereB it was known that Fanny Brices performances wereC audiences knew that Fanny Brices performances wereD Fanny Brice knew that performing was11 _____ the diffusion of heat upward to the Earths surface the temperature within the Earth remains constantA ThatB DespiteC IfD When12 Noise in a room may be reduced by carpeting draperies and upholstered furniture _____ absorb soundA which they allB of them allC all of whichD of all which13 _____ devised to lessen the drudgery of washing clothes that origin of the washing machine is unclearA Were the inventions so numerousB The inventions so numerousC So numerous were the inventionsD The inventions that were so numerous14 Of the thousands of varieties of bird species in North America _____ bright red plumage like the cardinal are most often designated as state birdA those that haveB who haveC which haveD to have their15 _____ as a territory in 1854 and admitted as a state in 1861 Kansas is at the geographical center of the United StatesA By organizingB Because organizedC OrganizedD He had organized16 Before pioneers cleared the land for farms cities and road forests covered about 40 percentA B Cof what is now the state of IllinoisD17The sea chantey a type of folk music not only described the pleasures of stationsA Blives ashore also but the harsh conditions of life aboard shipC D18 Mount Rushmore National Memorial in South Dakota hasa heads of fourA Bpresidents of the United States carved into its faceC D19 Nest building is much less commonly among mammals than among birdsA B C D20 The Awakening a novel by Kate Chopin shocked readersand cause a storm of criticismA B C D21 The Alaskan Highway was officially opened November 20 1942 although muchA Bmore work needed be done to complete itC D22 Sagebrush flourishes in the dry soil of the western plains where other many plants cannot growA B C D23 Modern directions of Shakespeare are not longer inhibited by earlier traditions of realistic settingsA B C D24 Surveys show that the majority of passengers are pleasing that an agreement hasAbeen reached to forbid smoking on commercial flights within the continental United statesB C D25 Snakes are capable of graceful motion throughout the entire long of their rubbery bodiesA B C D26 Tariffs preventing the most efficient use of the worlds resources by restricting division ofA B Clabor to national boundariesD27 The Aleuts in western Alaska have always depended of the sea for foodA B C D28 Atoms that having different atomic numbers generally behave differentlyA B C D29 Over the past few year many towns in the United States have been joining with neighboringA B Ccommunities to share the costs of governmentD30 What makes for human skeleton hard and strong is the presence of the metallic element calciumA B C D31 Many of Robert Blys poems explore solitude natural vigor and silent in an immediate andA B Cmodern idiomD32 To convert an angle measured in radians for an equivalent angle measured in degreesA Bmultiply the number of radians by 57296C D33 Serving as chief of the United States Childrens Bureau from 1921 to 1934 Grace AbbottAfought for the rights of women and children through the worldB C D34 To people from temperate climates tropical butterflies may seem incredible bigA B C D35 The first railroad in the United States were short wooden tramways connecting mines alsoA B Cquarries with nearby streamsD36 The league of Women Voters of the United Statesidentifies certain local state and nationABissues for study and actionC D37 Fibers can come from plants animals or mineral ores or they may be made from a varietyA B Cchemical substancesD38 Edwin Franko Goldman was the first bandmaster to encourage leading contemporaryAcompositions to write original works for a bandB C D39 The tapir an odd-toed hoofed mammal feed on plants eating such things as grass leavesA Bfallen fruit and moss in large quantitiesC D40 For thousands of years people have used some kind of refrigeration cooling beverages andA B Cpreserve ediblesD9605托福语法1Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by _____ the trails of meteors passing through itA to watchB watchingC watchedD watch2 Thomas Edisons first patented invention was a device_____ in CongressA votes counted forB had been counting votesC for counting voteD be a counted vote3 Clara Bow a popular actress in the 1920s retired _____ she was unable to make the transition from silent films to sound filmsA neverthelessB in spite ofC becauseD and for4 Built in 1882 the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County Pennsylvania is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2058 - foot lengthA whoB to whomC which theyD that which5 A bridge must be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the people and vehicles that use itA as wellB so wellC as well asD so well as6 The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests in California each springA to returnB who returnedC they returnedD for returning7 In the fourteenth century _____ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an ovenA the discoveryB it was discoveredC with the discoveryD if it was discovered8 _____ recurring fear is out of proportion to any real danger it is called a phobiaA WhenB WhereasC WhichD Whether9 Many modern photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographsA than light isB than lightC being lightD light10 For any adhesive to make a really strong bond _____ to be glued must be absolutely clean and free from moisture or greaseA and surfacesB when surfacesC the surfacesD surfaces that11 Although still underwater Loihi Seamount the newest Hawaiian island _____ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the islandA broughtB to be broughtC being broughtD is being brought12 _____ unstable and explodes as a supernova is not knownA For a star to becomeB How a star becomesC A star becomesD That a star is becoming13 Not until linoleum was invented in 1860 _____ hard - wearing easy - to - clean flooringA any house did haveB did any house haveC house had anyD any house had14 Hiram Revels the first Black member of the United States Senate served as senator from Mississippi an office_____ he was elected in 1870A whichB to whichC and whichD being which15 Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____A to constantly flow into themB is constantly flowing into themC constantly flows into themD constantly flowing into them16 Because of it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell ofA B Cprotein a virus cannot eat or reproduce by itselfD17 The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted smell or colorA B C D18 In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hired by the New York Metropolitan Opera Where herA B Cbecame the star sopranoD19 The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the ground to catches ants and termitesA B C D20 Because of the availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways the locateAof farms has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance from marketsB C D21 The homes created by the legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewedA Bas uniquely innovative and valuableC D22 Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample becauseA B Ccertain assemblages of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periodsD23 Many poets enhance their work by creating a contrast among realism and symbolismA B C Din a given poem24 Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own cropsA B C D25 The fragrant leaves of the laurel plant to sell commercially as bay leaves and areA Bused for seasoning foodsC D26 When contented and occasionally when hunger cats frequently make a purring soundA B C D27 The evolution of fishes is a history of constant adaptation to new possibilities and aA B Crefined of these adaptationsD28 In 1991 Antonia Novello the United States SurgeonGeneral launched several programsA Bto address particular problem that young people haveC D29 Some psychologists believe that those who are encouraged to be independent responsibleA Band competent in childhood are likely more than others to become motivated to achieveC D30 The central purpose of management is for making every action or decision help achieveA BCa carefully chosen goalD31 As a poetry Nikki Giovanni makes effective use of jazz and blues rhythmsA B C D32 Unlike wood paper and fabric which tendency to disintegrate after being buried forA B Cmany years ceramics and glassware although easily brokensurvive well in the groundD33 Margaret Mead achieved world famous through herstudies of child - rearing personality and cultureA BC D34 The discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928 hasnot produced antibiotics useful forA B Cthe treatment of infectious diseases until 1940D35 In the United State the Cabinet consist of a group ofadvisers each of whom is chosenA B C Dby the President to head an executive department of thegovernment36 Colleges in the newly formed United States inrecovering from the adverse effects ofABthe American Revolution inaugurated a broad curriculum in response of social demandsC D37 Humus is formed during soil microorganisms decompose animal and plant materialA Binto elements usable by plantsC D38 Ozone is an unstable faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygenA B C D39 The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to nineteenth centuryA B C D40 Long before his death John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profound influencesA B Con education and thought in the United States and elsewhereD9608托福语法1 A microscope can reveal vastly _____ detail than is visible to the naked eyeA thanB than moreC more thanD more2 Narcissus bulbs _____ at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well drained soilA should be plantedB to plantC must plantingD should plant3 Industrialization has been responsible for _____ most radical of the environmental changes caused by humansA aB theC some of whichD which are the4 In many areas the slope and topography of the land _____ excess rainfall to run off into a natural outletA neither permitB without permittingC nor permittingD do not permit5 Color and light taken together _____ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a buildingA very powerfully influenceB very influence powerfullyC powerfully very influenceD influence powerfully very6 _____ that Rachel Carsons 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticidesA There is likelyB Likely to beC It is likelyD Likely7 Total color blindness _____ is the result of a defect in the retinaA a rare condition thatB a rare conditionC that a rare conditionD is a rare condition8 _____ no conclusive evidence exists many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and then diffused to the rest of the worldA EvenB ButC AlthoughD So9 Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season life is _____ in various formsA abundantB the abundanceC an abundantD it abundant10 In her time Isadora Duncan was _____ today a liberated womanA calling what we wouldB who would be callingC what we would callD she would call it11 _____ around stones that are sun-warmed even the smallest of stones creates tiny currents of warm airA The cool airB If the air is coolC That the air coolsD The cooler the air12 Despite its wide range of styles and instrumentation country music has certain common features _____ its own special characterA give it thatB that give itC give thatD that gives it to13 Most of _____ archaeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of material remainsA theseB whatC whichD their14 According to some critics the novels of William Burroughs demonstrate the major hazard of absurd literature _____ tendency toward over-embellishment and incoherenceA notwithstandingB besidesC is aD its15 Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920s _____ in blues music。
(完整版),历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含,文档
--0308 托福试题阅读〔 55minutes〕Question 1-11If food is allowed to stand for some time, itputrefies .When the putrefied materialis examined microscopically,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do thesebacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenthcentury,many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous(5 ) generation,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonlivingmatter.The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemistand microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteurshowed that structurespresent in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did(10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. Afterthe guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol andether, the particles that it hadtrapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteurfound that in ordinary air these exists a variety of--solid structures ranging in size from0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of thesebodies resembled the reproductive(15)structures of common molds,single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells .As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteenliters of ordinary air ,and they couldnot be distinguished from the organisms found inmuch larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originatedfrom the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that these bodies are constantly(20)being deposited on all objects.Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution wassealed in a glass flask and heated toboiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it,it never putrefied.The proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary forspontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way(25)by heating so that it would no longer supportspontaneous generation.Pasteur constructed a swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but aircould reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask..Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy.--1,What does the passage mainly discuss?(a)Pasteur ’influences on the development of the microscope.(b)The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation .(c)The effects of pasteurization on food.(d)Pasteur ’ sargument against the theory of spontaneous generation .2,The phrase“ teeming with〞in line 2 is closest in meaning to(a)full of(b)developing into(c)resistant to(d)hurt by3,Which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer? (a)Whatis the origin of the living organisms are seen onsome food?(b)How many types of organisms can be found on food?(c)What is the most effective way to prepare living organismsfor microscopic examination?(d)How long can food stand before it putrefies?4,The word “ resemble 〞in line 9 is closest in meaning to(a)benefit from(b)appear similar to(c)join together with(d)grow from5,The purpose of the“ guncotton〞mentioned in paragraph 2 was to(a)trap particles for analysis(b)slow the process of putrefaction(c)increase the airflow to the microscopic slide(d)aid the mixing of alcohol and ether6,The author mention“ 〞in line 14 in describing the(a)thickness of a layer of organisms that was deposited on an object(b)diameter of the fibers that were in the guncotton filters(c)thickness of the microscope slides that wereused (d)size of the particles that that were collected7.The word“ postulated〞line19 is closest in meaning to(a)analyzed(b)doubted(c)persuaded(d)suggested8.The objects that Pasteut removed from the air in his experiment were remarkable because they were(a)primarily single-celled organisms(b)no different from objects found in putrefying materials(c)fairly rare(d)able to live in a mixture of alcohol and ether9.The word “ it 〞 in line 22 refers to (a)anutrient solution(b)a glass flask(c)boiling(d)spontaneous generation10.According to paragraph 3,proponents of spontaneous generation believed that which of the following was important for the process to succeed ? (a)A sealed container(b)Fresh air(c)Heat(d)The presence of nutrients11.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 thatPasteur employed a swam-necked flask to(a)store sterilized liquids for use in future experiments(b)prevent heat from building up in a solution(c)disprove a criticism of his conclusions(d)estimate the number of organisms in a liter of airQuestions 12-20--In the early decades of the United States,the agrarian movement promoted the farmeras society’ shero.In the minds of agrarian thinkers and writers ,the farmer was a person onwhose well-being the health of the new country depended .The period between theRevolution,which ended in 1783,and the Civil War ,which ended in 1865 ,was the age of(5 )the farmer in the United States.Agrarian philosophers ,represented most eloquently byThomas Jefferson,celebrated farmers extravagantly for their supposed centrality in a good society, their political virtue ,and their Superior morality .And virtually all policy makers, whetherthey subscribed to the tenets of the philosophy held by Jefferson or not, recognized agriculture asthe key component of the American economy .Consequently ,government at(10)all levels worked to encourage farmers as a social group and agriculture as economicenterprise.Both the national and state governments developed transportation infrastructure,building canals,roads, bridges, and railroads ,deepeningharbors ,and removing obstructions from navigable streams .The national government imported plant and animal varieties and(15) launched exploring expeditions into prospective--farmlands in the West .In addition ,government trade policies facilitated theexporting of agricultural products.For their part ,farmers seemed to meet the social expectations agrarian philosophershad for them ,as their broader horizons and greater self-respect, both products of the Revolution ,were reflected to some degree in their behavior .Farmersseemed to become(20)more scientific ,joining agricultural societiesand reading the farm newspapers that sprangup throughout the country .They began using improved implements, tried new crops andpure animal breeds , and became more receptive to modern theories of soil improvement .They also responded to inducements by nationaland state governments .Farmersstreamed to the West ,filling frontier lands with stunning rapidity .But farmers responded(25)less to the expectations of agrarians and governmentinducements than to growing marketopportunities.European demand for food from the United States seemed insatiable.War, industrialization,and urbanization all kept demand high in Europe . United States citiesand industries grew as well;even industries not directly related to farming thrived becauseof the market,money ,and labor that agricultureprovided .--12.What does the passage mainly discuss?(a)The agrarian philosophy of Thomas Jefferson(b)The role of the national government in the development of agriculture(c)Improvements in farming techniques(d)The impact of the increased importance of the farmer13.The word “ depended 〞 in line 3 is closest in meaning to(a)improved(b)relied(c)demanded(d)explainedauthor mentions Thomas Jefferson in paragraph 1 as an example of(a)a leader during the Revolution(b)an inventor of new farming techniques(c)a philosopher who believed farmers were essentialto the creation of a good society(d)a farmer who guided the agrarian movement toward an emphasis on economic development15.The phrase“ subscribed to〞in line 8 is closest in meaning to(a)contributed to(b)agreed with--(c)thought about(d)expanded on16.Which of the following statements is supported by the information in paragraph 1?(a)All government policy makers accepted Jefferson’ s views of agriculture and farmers.(b)Agricultural production declined between1783 and 1861.(c)The majority of farmers worked for the government.(d)Agriculture was a vital part of the nation’ s economy.17.According to the passage , the national and state governments did all of the following EXCEPT(a)build roads(b)import new plant varieties(c)give farmers money for their crops(d)develop policies that helped farmers export their products18.All of the following are mentioned as examples offarmers ’ meeting the expectations of agrarian philosophers EXCEPT(a)obtaining information from farm newspapers(b)accumulating personal wealth (c)plantingnew crops(d)becoming more scientific--19.The word“ stunning〞in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a)predictable(b)impressive(c)famous(d)gradual20.Which of the following statements is best supported by paragraph 4?(a)Agricultural development contributed to development in other parts of the economy.(b)European agricultural products were of a higher quality than those produced in the United States.(c)The growing settlement of the West led to a decrease in agricultural production.(d)Farmers were influenced more by government policies than by market opportunities.Question 21-29--The wide variety of climates in North Americahas helped spawn a complex pattern ofsoil regions. In general, the realm’ s soils also reflect the broad environmental partitioninginto“ humid America〞and“ arid America.〞Where annual precipitation exceeds 20 inches(50 centimeters),soils in humid areas tend to be acidic in chemical content, Since crops(5 ) do best in soils that are neither acidic(higher inacid content)nor alkaline(higher in salt content).fertilization is necessary to achieve the desired level of neutrality between thetwo. Arid America’ ssoils are typically alkaline and must be fertilized back towardneutrality by adding acidic compounds. Although many of these dryland soils, particularlyin the Great Plains, are quite fertile,European settlers learned over a century ago that(10) water is the main missing ingredient in achieving their agricultural potential. In the1970 ’ s, certain irrigation methods were perfected and finally provided a real opportunityto expand more intensive farming west from theCentral Lowland into the drier portionsof the Great Plains. Glaciation also enhanced therich legacy of fertile soils in the centralUnited States,both from the deposition of mineral-rich glacial debris left by meltwater(15) and from thick layers of fine wind-blown glacial material, called loess, in and around themiddle Mississippi Valley.Natural vegetation patterns could be displayed on a map of North America, but theenormous human modification of the North American environment in modern times hasall but reduced this regionalization scheme to the level of the hypothetical. Nonetheless,(20) the humid America-arid America dichotomy is still a valid generalization: the naturalvegetation of areas receiving more than 20 inchesof water yearly is forest, whereas thedrier climates give rise to a grassland cover. Theforests of North America tent to makea broad transition by latitude. In the Canadian North, needle-leaf forests dominate, butthese coniferous trees become mixed with broadleaf deciduous trees as one crosses the(25)border into the Northeast United States. As oneproceedstowardtheSoutheast,broadleafvegetation becomes dominant. Arid America mostlyconsists of short-grass prairies orstepper. The only areas of true desert are in the Southwest.21 What aspect of North America does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The wide variety of climates(B)Soil types and vegetation patterns(C)Improved irrigation methods and theexpansion of agriculture(D)The change in precipitation patterns22 The word“ spawn〞in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A)distinguish(B)eliminate(C)protect(D)create23 The word“ partitioning in〞line 2 is closest in meaning to(A)division(B) modification(C) opening(D) circulating24 According to the passage, acidic soils tent to be associated with(A)a high salt content(B)an increase in farming(C)large amounts of rain(D)glacial meltwater25 The word “ enhanced 〞 in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A)implied(B)increased(C)indicated(D)informed26 How did glacial meltdown affect the soil in North America?(A)It redistributed the soil types(B)It added salt to the soil(C)It made the soil more neutral in content(D)It added minerals to the soil27 The phrase“ this regionalization scheme 〞 in line 19 refers to the(A)movements of glacial deposits(B)patterns of natural vegetation(C)human modificationof the North Americanenvironment(D)distinction between humid America and arid America28 The word“ transition in〞 line 23 is closest inmeaning to(A)elevation(B)change(C)advantage(D)condition29 The passage supports which of the following statements?(A)Arid America is not necessarily characterized bythe presence of deserts(B) Most of Canada and the northeastern UnitedStates consists of short-grass prairies wherever natural vegetation has not been modified by humans(C) The accumulation of loess is primarily theresult of irrigation(D)Glaciation removed the fertile layer of soil frommuch of the Mississippi ValleyQuestions 30-40Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed ifan object is lit for a very brief time(less that 1/25 second), the human eye will not reactin time to see the object. A photographic emulsion---that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass---will, however,record much shorter bursts of light. A(5 ) photographic flash can therefore be used tocapture high-speed movement on film as wellas to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting.Photoflash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, first used in 1864, was a paper bag containingmagnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance,such as potassium chlorate. When thebag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense flash.A contemporary observer reported(10)that “ this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room indense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.〞The evolution of the photoflash was slow, flashbulbs, containing fine wire made of ametal,such as magnesium or aluminum,capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pureoxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920’ s. In the earliest type, the metal(15)was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The flash was fired by piercing thebulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contactwith the metal, which ignitedspontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire bypassing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygendifluoride with zirconium, have also been used.In each case enough energy is given out to(20) heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to awhite-hot emission of visible light.The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly;but since they are white,they contribute to the brilliance by reflecting the light from their still-glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger formof the metal will burn for a longer time.30 What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The history of the photoflash(B)Theories about how the eye reacts to light(C)The technology of modern photography(D)The dangers of using the early photoflash31 According to the passage,1/25 second is the minimum amount of time required for the(A)recording of an image on film(B)generation of artificial light(C)creation of a photographic emulsion(D)human eye to react to light32 According to the passage, an advantage of usinga photoflash is that it(A)can produce repeated bursts of light(B)intensities colors in photographs(C)is short enough not to bother human eyes(D)supplements existing lighting33 T he word“ ignited〞in line 9 is closest inmeaning to(A)set on fire(B)cut into(C)opened(D)shaken34Which of the following phrases is defined in paragraph 1?(A)〞appreciable period〞(line 1)(B)〞photographic emulsion〞(line 3)(C)〞high-speed movement〞(line 5)(D)〞odd poses〞(line 11)35 The word“ evolution〞in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A)publicity(B)adoption(C)development(D)manufacture36 The function of the glass in the first flashbulbs was to(A)produce the spark that initiated the flash(B)magnify the light produced by the flash(C) protect the photographer from the heat of theflash(D)keep the metal and oxygen apart before the flash37 The word “ it 〞 in line 18 refers to(A)oxygen(B)battery(C)wire(D)current38 The word“ momentarily〞in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A)effortlessly(B)briefly(C)electronically(D)gradually39 According to the passage, the white color of the smoke particles generated by a flashbulb contributes to(A)rapid cooling(B)bright illumination(C)electrical conductivity(D)intense heat40 According to the passage, a flashbulb can be made to burn longer by using(A)thicker wire(B)more oxygen(C)thinner glass(D)continuous electricityQuestions 41-50The stylistic innovation in paining known as Impressionism began in the1870 ’ s.TheImpressionists wanted to depict what they saw innature,but they were inspired to portrayfragmentary moments by the increasingly fastpace of modern life. They concentrated onthe play of light over objects, people, and nature, breaking up seemingly solid surfaces,(5 ) stressing vivid contrast between colors insunlight and shade, and depiction reflected lightin all of its possibilities.Unlike earlier artists,they did not want to observe the world fromindoors. They abandoned the studio, painting inthe open air and recording spontaneousImpressions of their subjects instead of making outsidesketches and then moving indoors to complete the workform memory.(10)Some of the Impressionists’paintingmethods were affected by technologicaladvances. For example, the shift from the studio to the open air was made possible inpart by the advent of cheap rail travel,which permitted easy and quick access to thecountryside or seashore, as well as by newly developed chemical dyes and oils that ledto collapsible paint tubes, which enabled artists to finish their paintings on the spot.(15)Impressionism acquired its name not from(完满版),历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含,文档--supporters but from angry art lovers whofelt threatened by the new painting.The term“ Impressionism〞was born in 1874,whena group of artists who had been workingtogether organized an exhibition of theirpaintings in order to draw public attention totheir work. Reaction from the public andpress was immediate, and derisive. Among the165 paintings exhibited was one called(20)Impression:Sunrise,by Claude Monet(1840-1926),Viewed through hostile eyes,Monet ’ s painting of a rising sun over a misty,watery scene seemed messy, slapdash,and an affront to good taste. Borrowing Monet’ s title,art critics extended the term“ Impressionism〞to the entire exhibit.Inresponse, Monet and his 29 fellow artists inthe exhibit adopted the same name as a badge oftheir unity, despite individual differences.(25)From then until 1886 Impressionism had all thezeal of a“ church〞, as the painter Renoirput it. Monet was faithful to the Impressionist creed untilhis death, although many of theothers moved on to new styles.41 What aspect of painting in the nineteenth century doesthe passage mainly discuss?(A)The impact of some artists’ resistance to the fast pace of life---(B)The differences between two major styles of art(C)A technological advance in the materials used by artists(D) A group of artists with a new technique and approachto art42 The word “ depict 〞in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A)reorganize(B)deform(C)represent(D)justify43 According to the passage, which of the followingwas one of the distinguishing characteristics of Impressionist painting?(A)The emphasis on people rather than nature scenes(B)The way the subjects were presented from multipleangles(C)The focus on small solid objects(D)The depiction of the effects of light and color44 Which of the following is a significant way in which Impressionists were different from the artiststhat preceded them?(A)They began by making sketches of their subjects(B) They painted their subjects out-of-doors(C) They preferred to paint from memory---(D)They used subjects drawn from modern life45 The word“ advent〞in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A)achievement(B)acceptance(C)arrival(D)advantage46 The exhibition of paintings organized in 1874 resulted in all of the following EXCEPT(A)attracting attention from the public(B) a negative reaction from the press(C)an immediate demand for the paintings exhibited(D)creating a name for a new style of painting47 The word“ affront〞in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A)insult(B)encouragement(C)return(D)credit48 The rejection of the Impressionist exhibition by critics was caused by which of the following?(A)The small number of paintings on display(B)Lack of interest in exhibitions by young artists(C) The similarity between all the paintings---exhibited(D)Anger about seemingly poorly painted art49 The author mentions Renoir in line 25 to givean example of an artist who(A)became as famous as Monet(B)was consistently praised by art critics(C)described the enthusiasm of theImpressionists for their work(D)was in favor of a traditional style of painting50 The word “ others 〞 in line 27 refers to (A)artcritics(B)fellow artists(C)individual differences(D)new styles0308 答案ABADB CCCBA BDDCC DCDBA DACCB DBCAC DACBA BABDC BCAAD CDABACACCB CDBCB DACCC ABCDA CDCDC BDCDC BCDDC DBACBDAABA DDBAB CDBCB DCBBA BDACB DDBAA DDABC DCBBA DCDBC CADCB专业资料可更正可编写范文模范可行性研究报告指导范文---。
托福(写作)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)
托福（写作）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.jpg /> Question Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.正确答案：The reading passage takes a skeptical approach to the authenticity of the famous “Maine penny”found at an ancient Native American excavation known as the Goddard site, and argues that any claim of this coin being a Viking relic is false. The professor disagrees entirely, and counters each argument against the coin’s legitimacy. First, the reading points out that no other coin like this was ever found anywhere near the site in Maine. In fact, it was probably brought there by Native American trade many years later. The professor rebuts that just because no other coins like this have been found does not mean Vikings were not in the area. He describes their world travels and various proven trips they made to North America at that time. The next problem, according to the reading, is that if this penny was really brought by Vikings, why have no others of its type been discovered anywhere north or west of Iceland? The professor’s answer is that the coins were far too valuable to the Vikings, even treasured as highly as gold. The Vikings probably took most of the coins back with them when they returned home. Finally, the author cites that Kolbjorn Skaare of the University of Oslo determined the coin was circulated in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. However, Native Americans at the time had no concept of money or the value of silver coins. Therefore, there would have been no reason for the Vikings to bring silver coins to America. However, the professor says that even though the natives did not use silver coins as currency, they still loved the shining, attractive quality of silver, and some evidence even suggests they used this coin as a necklace or pendant.解析：针对著名的“缅因硬币”，阅读文章认为这枚硬币不可能是维京人带到美国的。
托福语法词汇经典试题解析
托福语法词汇经典试题解析托福语法词汇经典试题解析人生最宝贵的是生命，人生最需要的是学习，人生最愉快的是工作，人生最重要的是友谊。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的托福语法词汇经典试题解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!1. Groups of muscles in the head direct the actions necessary for _____.(A) chew and swallow(B) to chew and to swallow(C) being chewed and swallowing(D) chewing and swallowing答案：D测试点：介词宾语动名词。
分析：介词for要求后接名词性成份，故选动名词(D)。
2. In the Osage tribe of Oklahoma, beaded belts _____ who held a high social status.(A) only by women were fashioned(B) by women were fashioned only(C) were fashioned only by women(D) were by women fashioned only答案：C测试点：谓语动词。
分析：空格前为句子主语，所缺为谓语部分。
空格后为who引导的`定语从句，说明从句前紧接名词。
正确答案(C)既有谓语动词，其中的名词women又可作who引导的定语从句的先行词。
3. _____ commonly chosen as the first step to a career in public office.(A) Why legal training is(B) Legal training is(C) Legal training that is(D) It is legal training答案：B测试点：主谓结构。
托福语法解析整合
托福语法解析整合托福语法解析：全真题解析这一部分囊括了1998年1月至2000年10月托福考试的所有考题。
笔者对其每道题进行了包括试题解析，思路分析，考生易犯错误，必要或是不必要知识点(必要知识点为那些为了解题而必需知道的知识点;不必要知识点为那些即使考生不知道这些知识点，根据我们介绍的解题技巧和方法也可以做对题目，这些知识点的忽视并不对解题造成威胁)，句子中文翻译等详细阐述，其目的在于具体告诉学生如何运用我们的方法解题。
在阅读这部分的时候，要抓住解题分析的思路和具体思想，尽快熟练作题正确的方法，为以后自己高效率高质量做题打下基础。
1998年1月TOEFL 语法考题分析1. Between 1870 and 1890 the total population of tile United States_____.(A)that doubled(B)doubled(C)It doubled(D)when doubledKey： B分析：第一步考虑句子的完整性。
发现题干部分没有动词，所以可以确定，空里面要填的是谓语动词，而非从句，由此得出B选项。
必要的知识点：考点是主谓结构(句子基本结构)。
本句题干部分没有一个动词，所以可以确定，空里面要填的肯定是谓语动词，而非从句，由此直接得出B。
参考译文：在1870到1890年期间，美国的总人口数量翻了一倍。
2. Intended to display the work of twentieth century artists, ____ in 1929.(A) the opening of the Museum of Modern Art(B) so the Museum of Modern Art opened(C) why tile Museum of Modern Art opened(D) the Museum of Modern Art openedKey：D分析：还是句子的完整性问题，从第一步的分析即可得出答案。
历年托福考试语法题汇编
2000年01月语法题16. The outer layer of the heart, called the pericardium, forms a sac in what the heart lies.17. Wood from the ash tree becomes extremely flexibly when it is exposed to steam.18. The ability to talk is one of the skill that make humans different from the rest of the animalworld.19. In plane geometry, the sum of the internal angles of any triangle has always equal to 180degrees.20. Polar bears are bowlegged and pigeon-toed, adaptations that enable this massive animalsto maintain their balance as they walk.21. Caves are formed by the chemical or action mechanical of water on soluble rock, byvolcanic activity, and by earthquakes.22. Celery, an edible plant is having long stalks topped with feathery leaves, grows best in coolweather.23. The first fiction writer in the United States to achieve international fame was WashingtonIrving, who wrote many stories, included “ Rip Van Winkle〞and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow〞.24. Three fundamental aspects of forest conversation are the protection of immature trees, theuse of proper harvesting methods, and provide for an environment that supportsreproduction.25. For each enzyme reaction there is an optimum temperature which maximum efficiency isachieved.26. Adolescence is a transitional stage in human development from the beginning of puberty tothe attainment of the emotion, social, and physical maturity of adulthood.27. The people native to the northwest coast of North American have long be known for woodcarvings of stunning beauty and extraordinary quality.28. Colonial efforts to manufacture glass at Jamestown---- and later attempts nearPhiladelphia and Boston---failed despite the abundant of fuel and good raw materials.29. The orbit of a celestial body is usually in the shape of ellipse.30. Chicago is the third largest publishing center in the United States, exceeding only by NewYork City and San Francisco.31. North American bison differ from domestic cattle in have 14 rather than 13 pairs of ribs.32. Female sea turtles, before laying her eggs, swim as much as 2,000 kilometers to return tothe beaches where they themselves were hatched.33. Water is the only substance that occur at ordinary temperatures in all three states of matter:solid, liquid and gas.34. Despite the growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state ofTexas has remained heavily dependence on oil and gas.35. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President who oath of office wasadministered by a woman Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes.36. It took more than fourteen years to carve the faces of four United States Presidents into thegranite cliffs to Mount Rushmore, South Dakota.37.Charles Bullfinch was the architect who design the original red brick core of the StateHouse in Boston.38.Rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on as much aspects ofsocial, economic, and cultural development as the growth of electronics.39. Lowell, Massachusetts, known as the “Spindle City〞since 1822 when its first textile millswere built, attracted worldwide attention as textile center.40.Strange Victory, Sara Teas dale’s smallest and most perfect collection of poems, appear inprint in 1933.2000年05月语法题16.More and 90 percent of the calcium in the human body is in the skeleton.17. Perhaps the most popular film in movie history, Star Wars was written and direction byGeorge Lucas.18. Some animal activities, such as mating, migration, and hibernate, have a yearly cycle.19. Geographers were once concerned largely with exploring areas unknown to them and fromdescribing distinctive features of individual places.20. In his animated films, Walt Disney created animals that talk and act like people whileretaining its animal traits.21. The first city in the United States that put into effect major plan for the clustering ofgovernment buildings was Washington, D.C.22. In a microwave oven, radiation penetrates food and is then absorbed primarily by watermolecules, caused heat to spread through the food.23.The cultures early of the genus Homo were generally distinguished by regular use of stonetools and by a hunting and gathering economy.24. Dolphins are sleek and powerful swimmers that found in all seas and unlike porpoiseshave well defined, beaklike snouts and conical teeth.25. The velocity of a river is controlled by the slope, the depth, and the tough of the riverbed.26. The phonograph record was the first successful medium for capturing, preservation andreproducing sound.27. Generally, the pattern of open space in urban areas has shaped by commercial systems,governmental actions, and cultural traditions.28. A liquid that might be a poor conductor when pure is often used to make solutions thatreadily transmits electricity.29.The initial discovery by humans almost 10,000 years ago that they could exploit metallicmineral deposits was an important milestone in the development civilization.30. In 1989 Tillie Fowler a Republican, became the first member of her party to serving aspresident of the city council of Jacksonville, Florida.31. General anesthesia, which is usually used for major surgery, involves a complete loss ofconsciousness and a relaxed of the muscles.32. After first establishment subsistence farms along the Atlantic seaboard, European settlersin North America developed a maritime and shipbuilding industry.33.The legs of a roadrunner are enough strong that it can run up to 24 kilometers per hour tocatch lizards and small rodents.34. For the immune system of a newborn mammal to develop properly, the presence of thethymus gland is essentially.35. Physicians working in the field of public health are mainly concerned with theenvironmental causes of ill and how to eliminate them.36.By 1850, immigration from distance shores, as well as migration from the countryside, hadcaused New York City’s population to swell.37.By identifying similar words or structures in different languages, we find evidence that thoselanguages are related and may be derived from same ancestor.38. Astronomers use photography and sighting telescopes to study the motions of all of thebright stars and many of the faint one.39.In the nineteenth century a number of Native American tribe, such as the Comanche, liveda nomadic existence hunting buffalo.40. The average elevation of West Virginia is about 1,500 foot above sea level.2000年08月语法题16. Painters of the early twentieth century who were known primarily for they colorfullandscapes, the Group of Seven changed is name to the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933.17. Most animals have nervous systems, sense organs, and specialized modes of locomotion,and are capable of securing, ingesting, and to digest food.18. The cork oak tree has a layer of cork several inches thickness that can be stripped everyten years.19. Inflation, interest rates, and overall economic active can be governed by the United StatesFederal Reserve’s decision to adjust the supply of money to the economy.20. Free radicals of oxygen, which common by-products of metabolic processes in the body,are capable of causing tissue damage.21. By 1830 the glass industry in the United States had become too well established that thecountry no longer needed to depend on imported glass.22. Free land, cheaply transportation, and powerfully persuasive railroad advertising all helpedflood the western part of the United States with farmers in the nineteenth century.23. Coral formations have known as fringing reefs are located close to shore, separated fromland only by shallow water.24. For a seagoing, cargo-carrying sailing vessels, the clipper ship was remarkably fast.25. Visibly only through large telescopes, Pluto has a yellowish color, which indicates thatthere is very little atmosphere.26. Diamond is the hardest known substance, so diamonds can be cut only by anotherdiamonds.27. The International Monetary Fund was created in a effort to stabilize exchange rates withoutinterfering with the healthy growth of trade.28. Butterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis, them changing from caterpillar toadult via one intermediate stage, the pupa.29. Thousands of meteorite hit Earth each year, but most fall into the sea or in remote areasand are never recovered.30. Alaska become the forty-ninth state in 1959,and Hawaii became the fiftieth state lately thatyear.31. A sponge feeds itself by drawing water through tiny pores on its surface, filtering out foodparticles, and then expel the water through larger vents.32. Toward the end of his life, John Singer Sargent returned to the painting of landscapes andthe use of watercolors, of which he excelled.33. Pythons differ than most other snakes by having two well developed lungs rather than amuch smaller left lung or no left lung at all.34. Weighing among two to five kilograms in adults, the skin is the largest organ of the humanbody.35. Rodents dwell in various habitat, some species being aquatic, some terrestrial.36. The nectar of flowers are ingested by worker bees and converted to honey in special sacsin their digestive systems.37. Lucid dreaming, the ability dreamers to become aware of and to control their dreams whiledreaming, is the focus of some current psychological research.38. The sensation of sound is produced how vibrations transmitted through the air strike theeardrum.39. The musical tone of an electric guitar is created not by the resonance of the body of theguitar but by electronically amplification.40. Considered one of the most beautiful of the fine art, ballet is a combination of dance andmime performed to music.2000年10月语法题16．The pear tree has simple, oval leaves that are smoother and shinier than them of the apple.17．In the orbit of a planet around the Sun, the point closest to the Sun is called it the perihelion.18．In the early 1900’s, Roy Harris created and promoted a distinctly American style of classical music and greatly influenced a number of composer in the United States. 19．The eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of North American ports, particular Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, as major commercial centers within the Britishempire.20．Guitarlike instruments have exist since ancient times, but the first written mention of the guitar itself is from the fourteenth century.21．The law of biogenesis is the principle what all living organisms are derived from a parent or parents.22．Onyx is a mineral that can be recognized its regular and straight parallel bands of white, black, or brown.23．There are as many as 200 million insects for every human beings, and in fact their total number exceeds that of all other animals taken together.24．Native to South America and cultivated there for thousands of years, the peanut is said to have introduced to North America by early explorers.25．Originally canoes were made by the hollowing out of logs and used were for combat as well as transport.26．Among the symptoms of measles, which takes about twelve days to incubate, are a high fever, swelling of glands in the neck, a cough, and sensitive to light.27．Ice crystals in a glacier tends to melt and recrystallize within a brief moment of travel on a downhill glide.28．Photograph was revolutionized in 1851 by the introduction of the collodion process for making glass negatives.29．The piano is a stringed musical instrument in which the strings are strike by felt-covered hammers controlled by a board.30．The sounds used in human languages to create meaning consist of small variation in air pressure can be sensed by the ear.31．The mountains, especially the Rocky Mountains, formerly constituted a seriously barrier to east-west trade in British Columbia.32．Telescope are frequently used in astronomy to collect light from a celestial object, bring the light into focus, and producing a magnified image.33．Diamond is the hardest known substance, so diamond can be cut only by another diamonds.34．There are about 350 species and subspecies of birds in danger of become extinct, with a large number of them, 117 in all, found on oceanic islands.35．The nineteenth-century romantic movement in art was partially a reaction to what was perceived as overemphasis on reasonable and order in neoclassicism.36．Like triglycerides, cholesterol is a type of fat that is both consumed in the diet but manufactured by the body.37．Both the United States silver dollar and half-dollar, first minted in 1794, had a figure of Liberty on one side and a eagle on the reverse side.38．For an advertisement to be effective, its production and placement must to be based on a knowledge of human nature and a skilled use of the media.39．While photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.40．The Democratic Party, the most oldest existing political party in the United States, has played a vital role in the nation’s history.2001年01月语法题16. A variation of collodion photography was the tintype, which captured images on a black ordark brown metal plate instead from on glass.17. In cases of minor injury to the brain. Amnesia is likely to be a temporarily condition.18. The system of chemical symbols, first devised about 1800. gives a concise and instantlyrecognizable description of a element or compound.19. The fact that white light is light composed of various wavelengths may be demonstrating bydispersing a beam of such light through a prism.20. Over the course of history, much civilizations developed their own Number systems.21. In the United States during the Second World War, each trade unions and employersavoided federal limits on wages by offering employees Nontaxable medical benefits. 22. Philosophy is the study of the nature of reality, knowledge, existent, and ethics by meansof rational inquiry.23. Poems vary in length from brief lyric poems to narrative or epic poems, which can be asbroad in scope than a novel.24. The population of California more than doubled during the period 1940-1960, creatingproblems in road-building and provide water for its arid southern section.25. Although based it on feudal models, the colony of Pennsylvania developed a reputation fora progressive political and social outlook.26. Hard and resistant to corrosion, bronze is traditionally used in bell casting and is thematerial used widely most for metal sculpture.27. The Appalachian Mountains formation a natural barrier between the eastern seaboard andthe vast lowlands of the continental interior of North America.28. The United States census for 1970 showed that the French-speaking residents ofLouisiana were one of the country’s most compact regional linguistic minority.29. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils from become rancid whenexposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.30.liquid will flow and take the shape of their container.31. Copper was the first metallic used by humans and is second only to iron in its utility throughthe ages.32. Despite the fact that lemurs are general nocturnal, the ring-tailed lemur travels by day inbands of four to twelve individuals.33. The Western world is beset with the range of problem that characterize mature,postindustrial societies.34. Acrylic paints are either applied using a knife or diluted and spreading with a paintbrush.35. Some marine invertebrates, such as the sea urchin and the starfish, migrates from deepwater to shallow during spring and early summer to spawn.36. Marshes, wetland areas characterized by plant grassy growth, are distinguished fromswamps, wetlands where trees grow.37. Wampum, beads used as a form of exchange by some Native Americans, was made ofbits of seashells cut, drill, and strung into belts.38. Kangaroos use their long and powerful tails for balance themselves when sitting upright orjumping.39. Proper city planning provides for the distribution of public utilities, public buildings, parks,and recreation centers, and for adequate and the inexpensive housing.40. Most traditional dances are made up of a prearranged series of steps and movements, butmodern dancers are generally free to move as they choice.2001年05月语法题16. A gene is a biological unit of information who directs the activity of a cell or organism duringits lifetime.17. The flowering of African American talent in literature, music, and art in the 1920’s in NewYork City became to know as the Harlem Renaissance.18. The symptoms of neumonia, a lung infection, include high fever, chest pain, breathingdifficult, and coughing.19. The rapid grow of Boston during the mid-nineteenth century coincided with a large influx ofEuropean immigrants.20. In 1908 Olive Campbell started writing down folk songs by rural people in the southernAppalachian mountains near hers home.21. The thirteen stripes of the United States flag represent the original thirteen states of theUnion, which they all were once colonies of Britain.22.In 1860, more as 90 percent of the people of Indiana lived rural areas, with only a few citieshaving a population exceeding 10,000.23.Gravitation keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth and the planets other of the solar systemin orbit around the Sun.24.Photograph was revolutionized in 1831 by the introduction of the collodion process formaking glass negatives.25. After flax is washed, dry, beaten, and combed, fibers are obtained for use in making fabric.26. A fever is caused which blood cells release proteins called pyrogens, raising the body’stemperature.27. Because of various gift-giving holidays, most stores clothing in the United Sates do almostas much business in November and December as they do in the other ten monthscombined.28. The United States National Labor Relations Board is authorized to investigation allegationsof unfair labor practices on the part of either employers or employees.29. The Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1840’s caused an unprecedented numbers ofpeople from Ireland to immigrate to the United States.30.The particles comprising a given cloud are continually changing, as new ones are addedwhile others are taking away by moving air.31. Political parties in the United States help to coordinate the campaigns of their membersand organizes the statewide and nationa conventions that mark election years.32. The lemur is an unusual animal belonging to the same order than mon’s and apes.33. Cheese may be hard or soft, depending on the amount of water left into it and thecharacter of the cuting.34. The carbon-are lamp, a very bright electric lamp used for spotlights, consists of two carbonelectrodes with a high-current arc passing between it.35. At first the poems of E.E. Cummings gained notoriety to their idiosyncratic punctuation andtypography, but they have gradually been recognized for their lyric power as well.36. The mechanism of human thought and recall, a subject only partly understood by scientists,is extraordinary complicated.37. While the process of photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used toconvert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds.38.The globe artichoke was known as a delicacy at least 2,500 years ago, and records of itscultivation date from fifteenth century.39. Humans do not constitute the only species endowed with intelligence: the higher animalsalso have considerably problem-solving abilities.40. Many of species of milkweed are among the most dangerous of poisonous plants, whileothers have little, if any, toxicity.2001年08月语法题16. Modern societies are such complex that they could not exist without a well-developedsystem of law.17. Altitude, climate, temperature, and the length of the growing season both determine whereplants will grow.18. The bathyscaphe, a free-moving vessel designed for underwater exploration, consists of aFlotation compartment with a observation capsule attached underneath it.19. Water constitutes almost 96 percent of the body weight of a jellyfish, so if a jellyfish were todry out in the sun, it would virtually disappeared.20. The most important parameters affecting a rocket’s maximum flight velocity is therelationship between the vehicle’s mass and the amount of propellant it can carry.21.There were once only eight major lakes or reservoirs in Texas, but today there are over 180,many built to storing water against periodic droughts.22. All harmonized music that is not contrapuntal depends from the relationship of chords,which are either consonant or dissonant.23. Expressionist drama often shows the influence of modern psychology by reflecting thefrustrations inner of the dramatist.24. It is the number, kind, and arrange of teeth that determine whether a mammal is classifiedas a carnivore not the food that the animal actually eats.25. The sea otter is well adapted at its marine existence, with ears and nostrils that can beclosed under water.26. Petroleum, which currently makes up about four-tenths of the world’s energy production,supplies more commercial energy than any another source.27. Someone may refuse to recognize the seriousness of an emotionally threatening situationand perceive as less threatening.28. Through experiments with marine organisms, marine biologists can increase ourknowledge of human reproductive and development as well as our understanding of the nervous system.29. When swollen by melting snow or heavy rain, some rivers routinely overflow its banks.30. In 1884 Belva Lockwood, a lawyer who had appeared before the Supreme Court, becamethe first woman was nominated for President of the United States.31. The taller of all animals, a full-grown giraffe may be eighteen feet or more high.32. Physicists have known since the early nineteenth century that all matter is made up of tinyextremely particles called atoms.33. Rain is slight acidic even in unpolluted air, because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere andother natural acid-forming gases dissolve in the water.34. In a stock company, a troupe of actors performs in a particular theater, presenting playsfrom its repertory of prepare productions.35. Established in 1860, the Government Printing Office prints and binds documents for alldepartment of the United States government.36. Ethnology, usually considered a branch of cultural anthropology, is often defined as thescientifically study of the origin and functioning of humans and their culture.37. The one-fluid theory of electricity was proposing by Benjamin Franklin, a man famous forhis wide interests and great attainments.38. Probably not speech of so few words has ever been as celebrated as Lincoln’s GettysburgAddress.39. Generally, Abstract Expressionist art is without recognizable images and does not adherethe Limits of conventional form.40. Although complete paralysis is rare with neuritis, some degree of muscle weaknesscommon.2001年10月语法题16．By the end of the nineteenth century, organic chemistry had develop new methods for the synthesis of dyes, perfumes, explosives, and medicines.17．The Dinee, a Native American people of the southwestern United States, were once seminomadic hunters who practiced a few agriculture.18．The earliest successful sewing machines were powered by turn a hand crank.19．Early signs characteristic of the acute phase of viral hepatitis in adults are abdominal pain, nausea, and feverish often accompanied by chills.20．The Guggenheim Museum in New York City is one of the major center for the collection and display of works of abstract art in the United State.21．With the discovery of gold in the Klondike in Canada’s Yukon Territory in 1896, people flocked soon there from all parts of the world.22．The right side of the brain is mostly concerned with pictorial, intuitive, musically and spatial ablilities.23．A uniform mingling of molecules, which it occurs in homogeneous chemical compounds, results from the chemical constituents melting, dissolving, or diffusing into one another.24．Many dinosaurs were so much heavy that they spent most of their lives in swamps and shallow lakes where water could support them.25．With little nor no mass and no electric charge, neutrinos can penetrate a solid object such as the Earth as if it were not there.26．Georgia O’Keeffe is known for hers use of organic, abstract forms painted in clear, strong colors.27．Until the George Washington Bridge was built, modern suspension bridges were stiffened with steel trusses and beams to limited their motion in traffic and wind.28．First reported by Spanish explorers in 1796, the asphalt in California’s La Brea Tar Pit was mined commercial for many years.29．Independence political of newspapers became a common feature of journalism in the United States of the 1840’s and 1850’s.30．Transistors exhibit a high amplification factor, operate without distorted over a wide frequency range, and can be made extremely small.31．In most cases of epilepsy, cerebral electrical activity, also known as brain waves, demonstrates a characteristically abnormal rhythms.32．New York City’s theatrical district was concentrated the Bowery from 1860 to 1875, and around 1900 the avenue became a center for the Yiddish theater.33．Most female lizards lay eggs, but the females of a number of lizard species bear her young alive.34．Recently archaeologists have strived to develop theories, based on archaeological evident, that explain societal changes such as the development of farming..35．One of the most impressive cultural achievements of the United State during the 1920’s was a vastly outpouring of serious literature.36．The chemical element chlorine is a corrosive, greenish-yellow gas that has sharp odor and has 21/2 times heavier than air.37．Hair grows more quickly in summer than in winter and more slowly at the night than during the day.38．Different fourteen crops were being grown 8,600 years ago by some of the wo rld’s earliest farmers.39．Between 1905 and 1907, floodwaters from the Colorado River poured into a salt-covered depression and creating the Salton Sea.40．Saturn takes almost 30 Earth years to make one trip around the Sun, during Jupiter takes about twelve Earth years to complete one solar revolution.2002年01月语法题16.Fog and mist, like clouds, can formed only in the presence of dust particles.17.The Spanish claiming title to all of North America and established the oldest city in theUnited States, St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565.18.The federal system of government in Canada is similar to it of the United States.19.It may be argued that genetics, the study of heredity and variation, underwent the mostrapid development of any science biological in the twentieth century.20.Music involves the interaction of three elements: rhythm, melodic, and harmony.21.The Medicare program was established in 1965 to helping elderly United States citizenspay the increasing cost of health care.22.Researchers have found subtle neurological differences between the brains of men andwomen either in physical structure and in the way they function.23.Scientists have traditionally classified plants by grouping them according to similarities intheir overall appear, their internal structure, and the form of their reproductive organs. 24.Geometric figures first appeared more than 15,000 years ago in both practically anddecorative forms, such as shapes of buildings,cave paintings, and decorations on pottery.25.In the early nineteenth century, the Cherokee nation of American Indians was adopted awritten constitution based on that of the United States.26.The able of writers to precisely record observations made about others enables them toinclude in their work a great deal of material outside their own experience.27.In Connecticut, hundreds of houses dating from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuriesare preserved by more as 100 local or national historical societies.28.In 1899 Mary Elizabeth Brown donated hers collection of over 200 musical instruments tothe Metropolitan Museum of art.29. Four different types of remembering are ordinarily distinguished by psychologists:recollection, recall, recognize, and relearning.30.Harbors are protected areas of water that can be used the transfer of passengers andcargo between ships shore.。
TOEFL语法考点分析与真题分类
TOEFL语法部分应试思路和考点汇编一、选择填空部分语法部分前15题是选择句子残缺成份填空，以组成完整句子的题型。
这一部分侧重的是句子成份的划分和句子结构的分析，要求考生能从整个句子的角度来把握，分离出主干成分和修饰成分并判断相应的符合语态和时态的选项。
因此简单来说，第一部分考的是应试者对句法的掌握程度，包括主谓宾，定状补各个部分在句子中的分布和顺序。
当然，其中不可避免的也涉及了英语的一些固定搭配和表达，但这些仍然体现了考生对句子结构的把握和理解。
（一）句子结构句子基本结构指的是构成句子的基本组成部分，一般来说，主语和谓语是唯一且必不可少的句子基本成份，而宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语这些成份视句子的具体结构和需要而定。
这里所提的句子包括主句和从句，即主句和从句均需含有主谓的基本结构。
考点1：主语单一原则主语单一指必须有主语而且必须唯一，这一原则在主句和从句中均是适用的。
考点2：谓语单一原则考点3：主谓结构（句子基本结构）考点4：宾语成份常考类型包括：及物动词后的宾语成份，介词后需加的宾语成份，某些词或词组带双宾语的固定用法。
考点5：定语成份句子定语成份一般是指做句子主语和宾语成份的修饰词，一般为形容词和形容词短语，也有分词形式的定语，一般把它归为分词结构这一考点中。
考点6：表语成份常考内容包括名词、形容词短语和介宾短语。
考点7：状语成份常考的状语成份为：介宾短语作状语，形容词短语作状语，分词短语作状语，不定式作状语等。
（二）名词性从句名词性从句是指在完整的句子中以名词性质出现的从句成份，主要包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，补语从句。
考点8：主语从句动名词/ 不定式/ 从句+谓语考点9：宾语从句主语+谓语+从句做宾语考点10：表语从句主语+谓语（系动词）+表语（名词，形容词，介宾短语）（三）同位语考点11：同位语同位语是toefl语法每次必考的内容之一，一般做主语或是宾语的同位语，句子的主干已经完整，同位语作为一个插入成份作补充说明之用。
托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)
托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Listen to a conversation between a student (S) and her architecture professor (P).S: Yesterday I happened to be flicking through one of my roommate’s magazines when a striking digital image of an urban building caught my attention. The unusual form of the building, specifically the way its roof was shaped into several steep, sharp points, it was really unique. Kind of futuristic, you know? When I stopped and actually read the article describing it, I was even more intrigued! The team that’s proposing the design calls it an “iceberg.”P: Yes, I’ve heard about that. The iceberg design is a fascinating concept. Are you considering using that for your model project?S: Yes, that’s exactly what I mean! It’s really cutting-edge.P: It is. What you’re working with, essentially, is a building that really boils down to two components: a steel skeleton and also a flexible high-tech plastic fabric that encases the steel skeleton.S: Yeah! I remember reading that. It’s supposed to function pretty much like a tent, right?P: That’s correct! It uses hardly any building materials as a result. Fewer materials mean that it’s more environmentally friendly. Now, do you know why the iceberg was proposed?S:No.P: Well, it was the designer’s mission to create buildings that could be very quickly assembled to provide attractive retail space.S: Hmm..., interesting.P: You see, undeveloped city sites need to be effectively used; otherwise they might become a huge financial burden to the property owner. The owner has to continue to pay taxes on the land, even when it’s nothing more than an empty lot. So with their vision, they thought of putting up an iceberg. The property owner would rent out the space and that would help generate income for the owner.S: Awesome! I’m pretty sure that the iceberg concept would be ideal for the project now.P: Seems so. And you read about air beams in the magazine article, right?S: Actually, I saw the term used a couple of times, but I didn’t quite understand the details.P: Well, one reason that this type of building is able to morph into such unusual shapes and lean its walls at such extreme angles is that empty sections of plastic are sewn in, and these sections are then inflated with air. These inflated air beams make it possible to have different types of extensions on each building, like the pointed sections of the roof you mentioned. And they’re sturdy, solid, and still very light weight.S: Ahh...I guess this is why they’re nicknamed “inflatable buildings.”P: That’s right, so they’re a feature critical to get right, ok?S: Got it. I’ll make sure to get up to speed on that then.P: Great! Oh, by the way, before you head off, are you going to be able to join the group for the field trip to the Frank Lloyd Wright house? I have to submit the names to the dean. It’s on the 20th, remember?S: Oh, yes, the 20th. It’s on the syllabus, but you said that it was voluntary, right?1．Why does the student speak with the professor?A．To discuss an architectural concept she would like to work with.B．To review her work on a project she recently submitted.C．To ask for assistance coming up with an idea for her assignment.D．To go over an article the professor had assigned.正确答案：A解析：目的主旨题。
托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析1-(31803)
托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析1-(31803)托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析1-(31803)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析1-(31803)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析1-(31803)托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析1. The flexibilityof film allows theartist __________unbridled imaginationto the animation ofcartoon characters。
（A） to bring（B） bringing（C） is brought托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析1-(31803)答案: A测试点：不定式。
分析： allow+sb ．十不定式为固定结构.4 个答案中只有（ A） to bring 是不定式。
2。
Traditionally, __________in NewEngland on Thanksgiving Day。
（A) when served is sweet cider（B） when sweet cider is served（C） is served sweet cider(D) sweet cider is served答案： D托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析1-(31803)测试点：主谓结构。
分析：原句主、谓俱缺，应选一完整的主语+谓语的结构，即（ D）.（A)、（C）不通，（ B）则是从句，不适合此句。
托福语法解析汇总
托福语法解析汇总语法在托福考试中始终很重要，我整理了托福语法解析的技巧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福语法解析：填空题做题方法一、填空题的特点填空题的特点是句子给的很长，句中挖一个空(缺少一部分内容)，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个正确的选项(选项内容填到句中使句子语法结构意思都正确)。
在托福语法部分的40道题目中，填空题占15道。
二、填空题的解题步骤填空题的解题步骤分为两步：读题和解题。
下面我们把读题和解题分开来讲解。
(一)读题做填空题，读句子是首当其冲的事情。
这里需要先解决一个问题，看到的填空题解题时，是只读空格四周的内容，还是整句全读?有些同学认为那些结构很简单的句子没有必要全读，怕这样铺张时间，影响做题的速度。
由于句子中缺少的只有一个部分，只要读这个空前后的一段话就可以推断出来。
其实，这种做法虽然可以解决一些简洁的问题，但是得不偿失的。
由于主谓不全的句子在填空中特别多，所以只读空格及四周的信息是不合适的。
肯定要全句通读，从全句的角度来看空中缺少的成分。
在托福考试中，填空题的特点是：难度比改错题小，但信息量比改错题大。
因此，在解题前，一般而言，填空题要从头到尾先读一遍。
但是第一次读句子的目的并不是为了把句子的内容全读懂，而是要读出句子的也许结构来。
这里需要一种力量：不管给你一个多长的句子，立刻快速找出它的主干，即找出句子的主语，谓语动词和宾语。
这里主要是针对填空题来说的，改错题不是这样读。
改错题的具体解题步骤我们下一章会具体说明。
填空比改错读的应当多。
(二)详细的解题步骤在读完题后，就要进行正式的解题过程了。
填空题的解题步骤共有三步。
但并不是每一道题目三个步骤都要用到。
这三个步骤就像三个解题法宝一样。
先用第一步去解，假如不灵了，再用其次步。
还不行，就要用第三步杀手锏了。
这种做题方法的优点是在保证正确率的前提下最大限度地节约了思索时间并加快了做题的速度。
1.第一步：考虑句子完整性问题考虑句子的完整性，换句话说就是看句子主谓宾全不全。
托福试题全部及答案
托福试题全部及答案1. Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:In the realm of environmental conservation, the concept of sustainable development has gained significant traction over the past few decades. It is predicated on the idea that economic growth and environmental protection are not mutually exclusive but can coexist harmoniously. The key to achieving this balance lies in the efficient use of resources, the implementation of eco-friendly practices, and the promotion of policies that prioritize both economic and ecological health.Question 1: What is the primary focus of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Efficient use of resourcesD) Both A and BAnswer: D) Both A and BQuestion 2: According to the passage, what is essential for achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental protection?A) Inefficient use of resourcesB) Implementation of eco-friendly practicesC) Neglect of policiesD) Overexploitation of resourcesAnswer: B) Implementation of eco-friendly practices2. Directions: Listen to the following conversation and answer the questions that follow.Conversation:Speaker 1: "I've been learning about the history of the internet and it's fascinating how it has transformed our lives."Speaker 2: "Absolutely, it's hard to imagine life without it now. It's become an integral part of our daily routines."Question 1: What are the speakers discussing?A) The history of the internetB) The future of the internetC) The impact of the internet on daily lifeD) The disadvantages of the internetAnswer: C) The impact of the internet on daily lifeQuestion 2: What does Speaker 2 imply about the internet?A) It is a new inventionB) It is a luxuryC) It is an essential part of daily lifeD) It is a hindrance to daily routinesAnswer: C) It is an essential part of daily life3. Directions: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words from the list provided.List of words:a) accelerateb) diminishc) enhanced) mitigatee) prosperSentence 1: The introduction of new technologies has the potential to _____ the economy.Answer: c) enhanceSentence 2: The company's profits have _____ significantly due to poor management.Answer: b) diminishSentence 3: The government is implementing policies to _____ the effects of climate change.Answer: d) mitigateSentence 4: The new highway will _____ traffic congestion in the city.Answer: a) accelerateSentence 5: The small business _____ after receiving a large investment.Answer: e) prosper4. Directions: Write an essay on the following topic: "The Role of Education in Promoting Social Equality."In your essay, you should:- Discuss the importance of education in reducing social inequalities.- Explain how education can empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds.- Provide examples of educational policies or programs that have been successful in promoting social equality.Essay:Education plays a pivotal role in promoting social equality by providing individuals with the tools and knowledge necessary to succeed in life. It is a powerful equalizer that can break the cycle of poverty and empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. By offering equal access toquality education, societies can reduce social inequalities and create a more level playing field for all.One of the ways education can empower individuals is by providing them with the skills and qualifications needed to secure better job opportunities. For instance, vocational training programs can equip individuals with practical skills that are in high demand in the job market, thus increasing their chances of employment and improving their economic prospects.Moreover, educational policies and programs that focus on inclusivity and accessibility have proven successful in promoting social equality. For example, scholarship programsfor underprivileged students can ensure that financial constraints do not hinder their pursuit of education. Similarly, affirmative action policies in higher education institutions can provide equal opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds.In conclusion, education is a cornerstone of social equality. It has the potential to transform lives and societies by fostering a more inclusive and equitable world. By investing in education, we invest in the future of our communities and the well-being of all individuals.Note: The essay provided is a sample response and should be tailored to the specific requirements of the prompt.。
考托福真题答案大全及解析
考托福真题答案大全及解析托福考试是世界各地很多学生都选择参加的一项英语语言能力测试。
对于参加托福考试的考生来说，真题是他们复习备考中必不可少的资源之一。
本文将为大家提供一份，希望能够帮助考生们更好地备考和提升自己的托福成绩。
一、听力部分真题答案及解析托福听力部分是很多考生容易失分的地方，因此对于这部分真题的解析尤为重要。
题目1：听力材料提到一个学生出去度假，然后回来后需要给朋友写一封信，谈谈他的假期经历。
请问他都做了哪些事情？解析：听力材料中会提到学生的假期计划、活动安排以及感受等等。
根据这些信息，我们可以将听到的关键信息点整理出来，然后把握住关键词语，将其翻译成自己的语言，以方便理解。
题目2：听力材料中提到一个游客去了布拉格旅游，然后在城市中心遇到了一个导游，请问导游给了游客什么建议？解析：这类题目主要考察考生对关键信息的把握能力。
在听力材料中，导游会提到一些布拉格的旅游景点，如城市广场、教堂、博物馆等等，然后给出自己的建议。
考生在听的时候可以将关键信息都标记出来，然后理解导游的建议。
二、阅读部分真题答案及解析托福阅读部分是考生需要解读大量文章的地方，因此对于这部分真题的解析也非常重要。
题目1：阅读材料中提到了一个研究，该研究是关于大学生与社交媒体的关系的，请根据短文回答以下问题：大学生在使用社交媒体时是否会影响他们的学习成绩？解析：对于这类题目，首先需要考生仔细阅读短文，理解研究中的重点以及结论。
然后，在问题中关注关键字，如"影响学习成绩"，然后再回到短文中寻找相关信息进行解答。
题目2：阅读材料中提到了一种新型的能源，它可以有效解决环境问题。
请问该能源的原理是什么？解析：这类题目主要考察考生对阅读材料的理解能力。
在阅读材料中，往往会提到一些科学原理、技术细节等等。
考生需要仔细读懂这些信息，并进行概括和解读。
三、口语部分真题答案及解析托福口语部分是很多考生感到紧张的地方，因此对于这部分真题的解析同样非常重要。
托福语法指导－谓语动词及真题要点解析（2）
4. 根据特定的时间状语使⽤正确的动词时态 解题要点⼀般过去时和完成式是常考的两个有关动词时态的命题。
请特别注意相关的时间状语。
如阿拉伯数字表⽰的年代，介词since和for＋⼀段时间等等。
全真例题分析 (1) Considered one of America*s greatest playwrights, Eugene O*Neill win the Nobel Prize of literature in 1936. (93.10) [答案] C 时间状语in 1936表明谓语动词应⽤⼀般过去时won。
(2) Since the turn of the century,the number of Native Americans living in Canada is increased. (93.8) [答案] D 句⾸介词sina 要求⽤完成式，故is increased 改为has increased。
(3) The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. (89.1) [答案] B 时间状语in the nineteenth century要求谓语动词⽤⼀般过去时was。
(4) For centuries large communities of people have living on houseboats in parts of the world where the climate is warm and the waters are calm. (90.5) [答案] A 句⾸介词短词For centuries 表明此句应⽤完成式，⽽have living是错误的形式，应改为have been living。
5. 复合句或并列句中的谓语动词时态应前后统⼀ 全真例题分析 (1) Before the plains were settled prairie dog towns in many places stretch as far as the eye could see. (93.5) [答案] B 这是个含有时间状语从句的复合句。
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托福考试之历年托福语法真题全面解析
1. The flexibility of film allows the artist
unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
（A）to bring
（B）bringing
（C）is brought
（D）brings
答案： A
测试点：不定式。
分析：allow+sb ．十不定式为固定结构。
4 个答案中只有（A）to bring 是不定式。
2. Traditionally ，in New England on Thanksgiving Day.
（A）when served is sweet cider
（B）when sweet cider is served
（C）is served sweet cider
（D）sweet cider is served
答案： D
测试点：主谓结构。
分析：原句主、谓俱缺，应选一完整的主语+谓语的结构，即（D）。
（A）、（C）不通，（B）则是从句，不适合此句。
3. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ，or pronghorn.
（A）it is the American antelope
（B）the American antelope is
（C）is the American antelope
（D）the American antelope
答案： C
测试点：倒装句。
分析：Typical of 放在句首的句子，要用倒装句。
Typical of, 短语是表语，应在答案中选择“系动词+主语”的结构，即（C）。
解题要点：遇倒装句在 4 个答案中寻找以系动词（be）开始的结构。
4. Lillian D. Wald ，public health nurse and ，was born in Cincinnati Ohio ，in 1867.
（A）reforming society
（B）social reformer
（C）who reformed society
（D）her social reform
答案： B
测试点：并列结构。
分析：本句and 前后都应是说明身份的名词性成份，故应选（B）social reformer 与nurse 并列。
（A）为动词性的分词词组；（C）是从句；（D）虽是名词性的，但不说明身份。
5. Copper sulfate ，spread in judicious amounts ，kills algae
harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.
（A）does not
（B）but does no
（C）except
（D）without
答案： D
测试点：介词。
分析：空格后的harming 是动名词，前面应加介词，故选（D）。
（A）是谓语动词的否定式，而farming 不是谓语动词：（B）可以说does no harm （to ），但不能说does no harming ；（C）虽为介词，但意思不对。