Emily Dickinson , John Clare, Couplet
Emily Dickson
Hope
“Hope” is the thing with feathers — That perches in the soul— (栖息) And sings the tune without the words— And never stops— at all —
And sweetest— in the Gale— is heard; (微风<诗>) 书上
希望
“ 希望” 是物长着羽毛 寄居在灵魂里， 唱着没有词的曲调， 绝无丝毫停息， 微风吹送最为甘甜 暴雨致痛无疑 能够使得小鸟不安 保有此多暖意。 听它越过奇妙大海 飞遍严寒田地 可它不要我面包屑 哪怕饥饿至极。
Discuss in groups. 1. Are you frightened when people mention
Death or Hades? 2. What is your attitude towards death? 3. When you face the calling of death, what will
II. Dickinson’s influence
埃米莉·狄金森与惠特曼一起被誉为19世纪美国文学史上两 位划时代的民族诗人、独立“美国诗风”的创始人。她的1800 首诗歌以突破传统的多样题材、细腻情感和哲学思考则被看作 现代女性的写作典范。
III. Dickinson’s writing style
Emily did not enjoy the popularity and excitement of public life in Amherst. She did not fit in with her father’s religion, and her father began to censor the books she read because of their potential to draw her away from the faith. But being the daughter of a prominent politician, Emily had the benefit of a good education and attended the Amherst Academy. Then she left for the South Hadley Female Seminary where she blossomed into a delicate young woman. She had a demure(coy) manner that was almost fun with her close friends, but Emily could be shy, silent, or even depreciating （自我贬低） in the presence of strangers.
Emily_Dickinson_ppt
Emily Dickinson , born in Amherst, Massachusetts on Dec. 10, 1830, was the best poetess American ever created. She was a daughter of a prominent lawyer and politician. She did not receive much formal education but read widely at home. Actually, during the narrow span of her lifetime, she kept staying at home except for a few short trips to Boston or Philadelphia. Emily Dickinson was a witty woman, sensitive, full of humanity and with a genius for poetry. While she was living in almost total seclusion, she wrote in secret whatever she was able to feel, to see, to hear and whatever she was able to imagine. She wrote whenever and wherever. Although she guarded her poems even from her family, 1775 poems were discovered and published after her death. However, as the only noteworthy woman poet in American literature of the 19th century, she had only seven of her poems published during her lifetime, and it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that her genius was widely recognized.
美国文学EmilyDickinson迪金森
精选完整ppt课件
7
Weird Recluse?
• She would sometimes send her poems to
people as gifts for valentines or birthdays, along with a pie or cookies.
• She often lowered snacks and treats in baskets to neighborhood children from her window, careful never to let them see her face.
• "If fame belonged to me," she told Higginson, "I could not escape her; if she did not, the longest day would pass me on the chase.… My barefoot rank is better." The twentieth century lifted her without doubt to the first rank among poets.
13
What’s the Difference?
BECAUSE I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. We passed the school where children played, Their lessons scarcely done; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.
Emily Dickinson
5.The word “ground” is repeated twice in this stanza, suggesting that the final destination of humankind is in the ground.
In the last stanza, the poet draws a comparison between the transience of man’s life and the eternity of God: centuries in God’s “Eternity” feels shorter than a single day in life.
Emily Dickinson is known for her unusual use of punctuation, spelling and rhyme scheme. She was especially fond of using the dash (“--”)and capitalizing nouns. Because of her individual conception of poetry and her peculiar use of poetic devices, her poetry takes on an unusual form, which has not only exerted great influence on Western modern poetry, but has also made some of her poems difficult to understand.
Questions
1. What is the poet’s attitude towards death in this poem? 2. In God’s eternity, centuries feel shorter than a day in life. How do you understand this ides? How does this idea relate to the poem? 3. Many rhetorical devices are used in this poem. Try to pick out some and explain them.
2013-14 Emily Dickinson
Thomas Wentworth Higginson
- Dickinson‟s intellectual mentor - Corresponded with Dickinson for 25 years. - After Dickinson‟s death, he collaborated with Mabel Todd in
publishing her poems .
literary critic, editor, colonel radical abolitionist and ex-minister
Ralph Waldo Emerson’s influence
- His philosophy -- belief in the transcendence of the oversoul. - Advocated a direct intuition of a spiritual and immanent God in nature - Infinitude of man.
5. Whitman and Dickinson
I. Her life
- In 1830, born in a successful, wellto-do, prominent homestead family, in Amherst, Massachusetts.
garden
Emily Dickinson
- Obscure and ambiguous syntax, making the lines open to different interpretations. - Dash: instead of comma and pauses for breath. - Present tense: meaning of continuing temporal ambiguity, but habitual and repeated actions.
Emily-Dickinson作者及作品简介
Mine – by the Right of the White Election 《我的根据白色选举的权利》
Wild Nights – Wild Nights 《狂风夜—狂风夜》
Death is a Dialogue between
《死是一场对话》 The Soul selects her own Society
第4页，共9页。
Life Experience
Some time around 1850 she began writing poetry. Her first poems were traditional and followed established form, but as time passed and she began producing huge amounts of poetry, Dickinson began experimenting. During her lifetime, she wrote about 1,800 poems.
Emily Dickinson was an American poet. Born in Amherst, Massachusetts, to a successful family with strong community ties, she lived a mostly introverted and reclusive life. As the "Belle of Amherst", she was one of the most highly-regarded
第5页，共9页。
Life Experience
In 1886, Dickinson's health began deteriorating and she found herself slowly becoming an invalid. Dickinson was only fifty-six, but she was suffering from a severe case of Bright's disease. She died on May 15, 1886, and was buried in a white coffin in Amherst. She didn’t Emily Dickinson's tombstone in the family plot marry any man throughout her lifetime.
埃米莉迪金森2
1.it is saying how her soul has selected a single person to love and spend her life with. 2.She is shutting a figurative door. The door represents her affection, and she is keeping her love from the 'divine' majority. By using divine, it shows she shows no affection not only from humans, but also for Gods or religious beings, when compared to this one thing that she loves. 3.Even when chariots, which is a symbol of courtship, are showing up in front of this door, she denies these suitors entrance to her door or heart. Even when the emperor himself kneels before her door, she is unmoved, showing her dedication to this single figure. The author is saying how she has known her own soul for this long time, and she talks about how when her soul finds a mate, she closes this figurative valve of affection (the door) and is as steadfast as stone.
Emily Dickinson 英文介绍
Her family was well known in the local community; their house known as “The Homestead” or “Mansion” was often used as a meeting place for distinguished visitors.
Amherst College History
Emily Dickinson's paternal grandfather, Samuel Dickinson, had almost single-handedly founded Amherst College. In 1813 he built the homestead, a large mansion on the town's Main Street, that became the focus of the Dickinson’s family life for the better part of a century. Samuel Dickinson's eldest son, Edward, was treasurer of Amherst College for nearly forty years.
.
Emily Dickinson Achievements
Emily Dickinson was not well-known during her lifetime, as she lived in seclusion in Amherst, Massachusetts. Dickinson wrote 1,775 poems. Emily Dickinson contributed a great deal to the world of literature, far beyond what her early editors considered unconventional lines. With her contemporary, Walt Whitman, she helped to usher in a new age of poetry. Dickinson had a unique perspective on life, death, love, nature, and friendship. She didn't need titles. Her lines spoke volumes.
Emily Dickinson 及作品 I'm Nobody
♥ In the first stanza, it tells how the speaker meets a fellow “nobody”—a friend. Together，the two nobodies can enjoy each other’s company and their shared anonymity. ♥ In the second stanza, the tone of the poem changes. The speaker sounds confident. She realizes that being just like everyone else would be boring and would diminish her individuality .
personal factor
During Dickinson's life,she suffered many unhappy experiences which distracted her futher from public life. Frustrated love Suffering of poor health and the death of her several beloved
• She was born in a Puritan’s family in 1830. Her father was a famous lawyer. • She received college education. • In 1854 she fell in love with a married minister. • She lived a leisure and simple life and kept single all her life. She enjoyed gardening and writing and tried to avoid visitors. • She wrote almost 2000 poems, but only seven of them published in her life time. • Before her death, she asked her sister to burn all her poems. However, her sister published those beautiful poems.
Emily Elizabeth Dickinson
Emily Elizabeth Dickinson (December 10, 1830 –May 15, 1886) Born in Amherst, Massachusetts, to a successful family with strong community ties, she lived a mostly introverted and reclusive life. The Dickinson family was prominent in Amherst. In fact, Emily's grandfather, Samuel Fowler Dickinson, was one of the founders of Amherst College, and her father served as lawyer and treasurer for the institution. Emily's father also served in powerful positions on the General Court of Massachusetts, the Massachusetts State Senate, and the United States House of Representatives. Thought of as an eccentric by the locals, she became known for her penchant for white clothing and her reluctance to greet guests or, later in life, even leave her room. Most of her friendships were therefore carried out by correspondence. Although most of her acquaintances were probably aware of Dickinson's writing, it was not until after her death in 1886 that her younger sister discovered the collections of writing.Dickinson's poems are unique for the era in which she wrote; they contain short lines, typically lack titles, and often use slant rhyme (an inexact rhyme where the final consonant sounds are the same but the vowel sounds are different. “And by his smile, I knew that sullen hall, /By his dead smile I knew we stood in Hell”.), bald images as well as unconventional capitalization and punctuation. Many of her poems deal with themes of death and immortality, two recurring topics in letters to her friends.Death: Dickinson was troubled from a young age by the "deepening menace" of death, especially the deaths of those who were close to her. When Sophia Holland, her second cousin and a close friend, grew ill from typhus (斑疹伤寒)and died in April, 1844, Emily was traumatized. When she was eighteen, Dickinson's family befriended a young attorney by the name of Benjamin Franklin Newton. According to a letter written by Dickinson after Newton's death, he had been "with my Father two years, before going to Worcester – in pursuing his studies, and was much in our family." Although their relationship was probably not romantic, Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master. Newton likely introduced her to the writings of William Wordsworth, and Ralph Waldo Emerson's first book of collected poems. She wrote later that he, "whose name my Father's Law Student taught me, has touched the secret Spring". Newton held her in high regard, believing in and recognizing her as a poet. When he was dying of tuberculosis, he wrote to her, saying that he would like to live until she achieved the greatness he foresaw Biographers believe that Dickinson's statement of 1862—"When a little Girl, I had a friend, who taught me Immortality –but venturing too near, himself –he never returned"—refers to Newton.The Amherst Academy principal, Leonard Humphrey, died suddenly of "brain congestion" at age 25. Two years after his death, she revealed to her friend Abiah Root the extent of her depression: "...some of my friends are gone, and some of my friends are sleeping – sleeping the churchyard sleep – the hour of evening is sad – it was once my study hour – my master has gone to rest, and the open leaf of the book, and the scholar at school alone, make the tears come, and I cannot brush them away; I would not if I could, for they are the only tribute I can pay the departed Humphrey".Love：Until 1855, Dickinson had not strayed far from Amherst. That spring, accompanied by her mother and sister, she took one of her longest and farthest trips away from home. InPhiladelphia, she met Charles Wadsworth,a famous minister of the Arch Street Presbyterian Church, with whom she forged a strong friendship which lasted until his death in 1882. Despite only seeing him twice after 1855，she variously referred to him as "my Philadelphia", "my Clergyman", "my dearest earthly friend" and "my Shepherd from 'Little Girl'hood". Charles Wadsworth is often mentioned as the love of Emily Dickinson’s life. He was 41 years old, married and had a family. There are drafts of three letters to him, which followed his visit to her in 1960, and the words afterwards have been considered ―love poems.‖ When she learned of his impending move to San Francisco, she wrote: ―I had a terror since September, I could tell to none….‖The soul selects her own societyThe soul selects her own society, 靈魂選擇她自己的伴侶Then shuts the door; 接著把門緊閉On her divine majority 在她那神聖的決擇Obtrude no more. 再毋容打擾Unmoved, she notes the chariot’s pausing 此志不移，即使她注意到香車恭迎At her low gate; 在她蓬門前Unmoved, an emperor is kneeling 此志不移，即使一位皇帝皇親跪Upon her mat. 於她門墊上I ’ve known her from an ample nation 我知道她從一個花花世界Choose one; 擇一Then close the valves of her attention 然後關閉心扉再不動容Like stone. 如石。
Emily____Dickinson(1)
2) We find no mention of the war or any other great national event in her poetry. Of all the great writers of the 19th century, she had the least influence on her times. Yet, because she was cut off from the outside world, she was able to create a very personal and pure kind of poetry. Since her death, her reputation has grown enormously and her poetry is now seen as very mode Selected Poems:
Because I Could Not Stop for Death I Heard a Fly Buzz---When I Died My Life Closed Twice before Its Close As Imperceptibly as Grief Mine---by the Right of the White Election Wild Nights---Wild Nights A Narrow Fellow in the Grass Apparently with No Surprise I Died for Beauty---but Was Scarce Tell All the Truth but Tell It Slant I Like to See It Lap the Miles The Brain---Is Wider than the Sky
Emily dickinson
Though
Dickinson often uses perfect rhymes for lines two and four, she also makes frequent use of slant rhyme(斜 韵，不工整韵).In some of her poems, she varies the meter from the traditional ballad stanza by using trimeter for lines one, two and four, while only using tetrameter fily Dickenson
I take a flower as I go My face to justify He never saw me in this life I might surprise his eye I cross the hall with mingled steps I silently pass the door I look on all this world contains-Just his face---nothing more!
Her
style : (1) poems without titles (2) capital letters – emphasis (3) severe economy of expression (4) directness, brevity (5) musical device to create cadence (rhythm) (6) short poems, mainly two stanzas (7) rhetoric techniques: personification – make some of abstract ideas vivid (8) use a lot of dashes.
Emily Dickinson
Style
The extensive use of dashes and unconventional capitalization in Dickinson's manuscripts, and the idiosyncratic vocabulary and imagery, combine to create a body of work that is "far more various in its styles and forms than is commonly supposed". Dickinson avoids pentameter, opting more generally for trimeter, tetrameter and, less often, dimeter. Sometimes her use of these meters is regular, but oftentimes it is irregular.
Works
Nobody knows this little rose
A narrow Fellow in the Grass Blazing in the Gold and quenching in Purple I taste a liquor never brewed Success is counted sweetest
Major Themes
Dickinson left no formal statement of her aesthetic intentions and, because of the variety of her themes, her work does not fit conveniently into any one genre. She has been regarded, alongside Emerson (whose poems Dickinson admired), as a Transcendentalist. However, Farr disagrees with this analysis, saying that Dickinson's "relentlessly measuring mind ... deflates the airy elevation of the Transcendental". Apart from the major themes discussed below, Dickinson's poetry frequently uses humor, puns, irony and satire.
emily dickinson
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no fire ever can warm me, I know that is poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know that is poetry.—Emily DickinsonThe past is not a package on can lay away.--Emily Dickinson过去不是一个可以甩掉的包袱。
——狄金森Hope is the thing with feather that perches in the soul. -- Emily Dickinson希望是栖息于灵魂中的一种会飞翔的东西。
——狄金森●I. Biographical Introduction●II. Dickinson’s View and Theme●III. Features of Dickinson’s Poetry●IV. Because I Could Not Stop for Death—●V. Appreciating Because I Could Not Stop for Death—A famous 19th century American poetess, enjoys equal popularity with Whitman and is conferred the pioneer of the 20th century English and American Imagist Movement. The best poetess America ever created.Lead-in QuestionsDo you think that Dickinson is a strange poetess? Please give us some examples. Emily Dickinson is called ―a nun of Amherst‖ (阿姆斯特修女), what are the reasons for her recluse ?Their house known as “The Homestead”or “Mansion”was often used as a meeting place for distinguished visitors including, Ralph Waldo Emerson. The Dickinson Homestead as it appears today. In 2003 it was made into the Emily Dickinson Museum.Facts to be known:She always wore white.She often lowered snacks and treats (零食）in baskets to neighborhood children from her window, careful never to let them see her face.Known for being a recluse, she didn’t leave her family’s homestead for any reason after the late 1860’s.Being felt painful from unrequitted love (单相思的), she remained isolated and single. After 1862, affected by an unhappy love affair with Reverend Charles Wadsworth, she became a total recluse, living a normal New England village life that was outwardly almost eventless and remained single to the end of her life.Two Men Who Influenced her LifeBenjamin Newton, a young lawyer, who improved her literary and cultural tastes. She refers to him “a friend, who taught me immortality.‖He may have been the individual responsible for introducing her to Emerson and other literary influences which began to direct her to intellectual independence and ultimately to poetry. Charles Wadsworth, a married-aged minister who provided her with intellectual challenge and contact with the outside world. Dickinson felt an affection for him that he could not return, and when he moved to San Francisco in 1862, she removedherself from society even more than she had before. She may have loved in her imagination: it was an emotional turmoil which may have sparked her frenzied poetic creativity in 1862.I. Biographical IntroductionSamuel DickinsonEdward DickinsonAustin EmilyEmily NorcrossLaviniaFamilyHer father, a prominent lawyer and Congressman, played a big role in her life. Her mother was a good and virtuous woman. Her grandfather had established an academy and college. Emily’s family was very closely knit. She has a brother and she and her sister remained at home and did not marry.1) Emily was born in 1830 into a Calvinist family of Amherst, Massachusetts. Her father was a Whig lawyer, and later in her life, treasurer of Amherst College and Congressman. This old Puritan, with a heart “pure and terrible,”influenced her in no small way. Emily enjoyed a normal and vivacious girlhood. From her family she had love, though not always understanding. She was shy, sensitive, sometimes rebellious.2) For two years she studied at Amherst Academy and spent one more at the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. The school was strongly congregational, but she refused to observe its religious customs.3) At the age of 17 she settled into the Dickinson home and turned herself into a competent housekeeper and a more than ordinary observer of Amherst life. She lived a leisure and simple life and kept single all her life. She enjoyed gardening and writing and tried to avoid visitors.4) She began writing seriously during her twenties. She wrote 1775 poems, but only seven of them were published in her life time. Dickinson called this stream of tiny, aphoristic poems a continuous fragmented “letter to the world,”a way to bridge her private world with the public.After her death in 1886, her poems were discovered by her sister Lavinia. With the help of Mrs. M. L. Todd and Thomas Wentworth, the first volume of 115 poems appeared in 1890. After her poetry continues to be issued, her fame has kept rising. She is now recognized not only as a great poetess on her own right but as a poetess of considerable influence upon American poetry of the present century.5) On June 16, 1874, Edward Dickinson suffered a stroke and died. on June 15, 1875, Emily's mother also suffered a stroke.6) Dickinson died on May 15, 1886. The cause of death was listed as Bright's disease (nephritis肾炎).III. Dickinson’s View and ThemeQuestion: What did she write?•She wrote about love and a lover, whom she either never really found or else gave up.•She wrote about nature.•She wrote about mortality and immortality.(500 or more poems are about death)•She wrote about success and failure.Dickinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her little lyrics she addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which include religion, death, immortality, love and nature. 她的诗都是根据自己的经历和悲欢而创作的，在她的短篇抒情诗里所涉及到的问题却是有关人类的，包括宗教、死亡、不朽、爱情和自然。
Emily Dickson
And sore must be the storm—
（疼痛的，恼火的）
That could aቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱash the little Bird
(使窘迫)
That kept so many warm—
I’ve heard it in the chillest land —
And on the strangest Sea—
As a result of Emily Dickinson’s life of solitude, she was able to focus on her world more sharply than other authors of her time. Emily was original and innovative创新立异的 in her poetry, most often drawing on the Bible, classical mythology, and Shakespeare for allusions and references. When her poetry was published, editors took it upon themselves to group them into classes: friends, nature, love and death.
Yet, never, in Extremity,
(极窘迫的境地)
It asked a crumb— of Me. （点滴，少许，面包屑）
希望栖息于灵魂，无条件地给人带来温暖和慰藉；它 无所不在，历经磨难却永不消灭，困境之中愈发彰显 可贵。然而，艰难困苦给希望带来的打击和重创并不 亚于暴风雨对柔弱小鸟造成的威胁和摧残。
emily Dickinson介绍
One possible candidate is Reverend Charles Wadsworth, with whom she corresponded.
Minister of the Arch Street Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia.
Thomas Wentworth Higginson
A word is dead When it is said, Some say. I say it just Begins to live That day.
有人说，有一个字 一经说出，也就 死去。
我却说，它的生命 从那一天起 才开始。
My life closed twice before its closeIt yet remains to see If Immortality unveil A third event to me
if I am frightened; I never see strangers and hardly know what to say’—but she
talked soon and thenthforth continuously…”
Emily Dickinson
The Homestead 1813
Charles Wadsworth: Source of
Inspiration
Dickinson‘s emotional life remains mysterious,
despite much speculation about a possible disappointed love affair.
Major Themes
1. Death – What it is, means, feels like, and how we deal with it and react to it. #280 “I felt a Funeral, in my Brain” #712 “Because I could not stop for Death”
美国文学史之填空题
填空题Part 1 Early American Literature: Colonial Period to 1815Chapter 1 The Literature of the New World1. Origin stories are those dramatizing ______of how the earth originated or of how people established relationships with plants, ______ and the cosmos.(tribal interpretations, animal)2. Trickster tales are humorous tales featuring______. (trickster characters)3. Historical narratives are diverse in kinds. Some of them are tribal records of historical events. Many other narratives feature ______ that move in recognizable historical settings. (legendary figures)4. The name of Captain John Smith is now associated with the English expedition that founded the ______ in 1607. (Jamestown colony)Chapter 2 The Literature of Colonial America: 1620-17631.The colonial period covers almost the entirety of ______ and a great portion of ______. (the 17th century,the 18th century)2.The year 1620 saw the Pilgrims settling in the tiny colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts which, due toWilliam Bradford’s influential work ______, is now regarded as a symbol for Puritan culture during colonial settlement. (Of Plymouth Plantation)3.In the earlier colonial period, much of the literature was produced by ______ and ______. (Puritan,Pilgrim writers)4.The term “Puritan” was first applied to those ______ who rejected Queen Elizabeth’s religious settlementsof 1560 because they were determined to “purify” their religion. (Protestant reformers)5.Calvinism is a specific and rather rigid brand of Puritanism. Calvinists are those who follow the teachingsof ______, a religious reformer in France. (John Calvin)6.Anne Bradstreet’s “domestic” poems and ______ are today recognized as her best literary achievement. Inthem, she conveyed her personal feelings for New England and ______. (the Contemplations, family life) 7.In general, meditative poetry is a contemplation of self and expression of hoped-for union with God orwith a ______. But Edward Taylor’s poetry also shows an anguished search for God, an intense personal struggle with his ______ and with ______. (transcendent reality, spirituality, Satan)8.Cotton Mather’s most important book is ______. (Magnalia Christi American a)9.Of the quarrels with Puritan beliefs in the 17th century, the cases of Anne Hutchinson and ______ are ofparticular significance. (Roger Williams)10.Jonathan Edward was a complex theologian in whom the fervor of the ______ and the thinking of ______converged, if not coexisted, in contradiction. (Great Awakening, Enlightenment)11.Today, Jonathan Edward is generally regarded as a pioneering philosopher and the greatest mind of the______ period. (colonial)12.The Middle colonies are ______ and ______ more diverse. (culturally, ethnically)Chapter 3 Literature and the American Revolution: 1764-18151.Literature in the period of American Revolution (before, during and after) was predominantly public and______. (utilitarian)2.The emergence of Deism in the 18th century America came directly from the ______. (Enlightenment)3.In his lifetime, Benjamin Franklin was an inventor, scientist, ______, ______, ______, an exemplaryself-made man, a revolutionary hero, and, of course, an ______. (printer, political statesman, diplomat, author)4.With his restless energy, his optimism and his innovative spirit, Franklin exemplifies the Age of ______ orwhat Franklin himself called the Age of Experiment. (Enlightenment)5.Partly because he was very good at promoting himself, Franklin established for the public the image of a______ man, and an archetypal American success story that has since become part of American popular culture. (self-made)6.Although Poor Richard’s Almanacs are not really in the vein of fiction, ______ could be the earliestcharacter of fiction created by an American author. (Poor Richard)7.Perhaps the best-known portion of Franklin’s Autobiography is where he speaks of the ______ heembraced and how he translated them into daily practices. (13 virtues)8.______, drafted in June, 1776, is at once a national symbol of liberty and a monument to Jefferson as astatesman and author. (The Declaration of Independence)9.William Hill Brown’s novel ______ followed the sentimental mode and its characteristic theme ofseduction. (The Power of Sympathy)Part 2 American Romanticism: 1815-186Chapter 1 The Age of American Romanticism1.Nationalism often goes hand in hand with ______. But the special psychological make-up of Americannationalism also gave American ______ its own particular characteristics. (romanticism, romanticism) 2.American romanticism was influenced by European romanticism, particularly German, ______ and______. While showing characteristics of European romanticism, American romantic writers differed from their European counterparts in that they did not show the kind of ______ as seen in European romanticism. (English, French, political radicalism)Chapter 2 Early Romanticism1.______ was the first American storyteller created in a literary text, and as a storyteller he resembles hisauthor, Washington Irving. (Rip)2.______ and ______ are today two of Irving’s best known stories. Both are included in ______, acollection of sketches and stories. (Rip Van Winkle, The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow, The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. )3.The Leather-stocking Series consists of five novels which, in the order of publications, are: ______,______, ______, ______, and ______. (The Pioneers, The Last of the Mohicans, The Prairie, The Pathfinder, The Deerslaye r)4.“Leather-stocking”is the nickname for ______ who is in the habit of wearing long deerskin leggings.(Natty Bumppo)5.Natty Bumpoo is both the friend and foe of ______. He seems to respect them, but he retains his ______superiority while living with them. (American Indians, Christian)6.Starting with ______, Copper wrote 11 sea stories. Among them, ______ is a tale of the adventure ofCaptain Heidegger who gives up privacy in order to aid the Americans. (The Pilot, Red Revor)7.______, one of Bryant’s best poems, served as a bridge over which the young poet moved towards hisfather’s religious liberalism (Deism and Unitarianism) and towards Wordsworth’s nature.(“Thanatopsis”)Chapter 3 Transcendentalism and Symbolic Representation1.The transcendental Club sponsored two major activities. First, they published 16 issues of ______, aquarterly, between 1840 ad 1844. ______ was the first editor. (The Dial, Margaret Fuller)2.______ is today regarded as the “Father” of American literature. (Emerson)3.As the leading spokesman for Transcendentalism, Emerson once explained that this philosophy meant______. (a little beyond)4.“The Over-Soul” presents the more mystical side of Emerson ad the basis of ______. The “Over-Soul”refers to the profound and all-encompassing ______ to which each individual soul should lie upon.(Transcendentalism, spiritual nature)5.Today Thoreau is primarily remembered by two of his works: ______ and the essay ______. (Walden,Civil Disobedience)Chapter 4 Hawthorne, Melville and Poe1.Hawthorne wrote well over a hundred stories, essays and sketches, and is the author of four remarkablenovels: ______, ______, ______and ______. (The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven Gables, The Blithedale Romance, The Marble Faun)2.In Hawthorne’s writings there is a consistent concern with the psychological currents beneath the ______.______ is a typical Hawthornian metaphor for this concern. (conscious, A dream-like journey at night) 3.Hawthorne depicts “sin” not for its own sake. He allows us to study the effects of sin on the ______ andon people related to them. (sinners)4.Many of Hawthorne’s male characters live in ______. It seems extraordinarily difficult for them to knowsomeone else and to disclose themselves to another person. (isolation)5.If there was anything in the 19th century close to being the American epic, it was ______, published oneyear after The Scarlet Letter. (Moby Dick)6.The novel Moby Dick tells the strange story of the possessed and implacable Captain ______ risking hislife, those of his crew and his ship on the rough seas in search of a monstrous ______. (Ahab, white whale)7.Poe is a critic, poet and short story writer, and he is important in all three aspects. His contribution toFrench symbolist poetry was made not primarily through his ______ but his ______. (poetry, stories andcriticism)8.“The Raven” captures the mourning of the narrator for the loss of his beloved when a raven monotonouslyrepeats the word ______. (Nevermore)Chapter 8 Whitman and Dickinson1.______ and ______ were two major poets in the late 19th century. (Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson)2.Technically speaking, Whitman’s poetry is “free verse” in that the lack of ______ and ______ is known ashis major technical innovation. (meter, rhyme)3.The speaker in many of Dickinson’s poems is in ______ and ______. Frequently, the speaker speaks of a______. (anguish, pain, recurring pain)4.______ is the longest and one of the best in Whitman’s canon. (“Song of Myself”)5.Emily Dickinson wrote nearly ______ poems, although fewer than 20 of them were printed in her lifetime.(2000)Chapter 9 A House Divided: Writing Against Slavery1.______ boosted abolitionist sentiments and shook the conscience of the South. (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)2.the novel’s appeal comes from the extreme sentimentality that derives from the deaths of little Eva St.Clare and ______ as well as from melodramatic events such as ______’s escape across the ice of the Ohio River. (Uncle Tom, Eliza)3.Frederick Douglass wrote the powerful autobiography ______. (Narrative of the Life of FrederickDouglass, an American Slave)4.Harriet Ann Jacob’s first-person account, ______, is the only slave narrative written by a woman.(Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl)Part 3 American Realism: 1865-1914Chapter 1 The Age of Realism1.Realism reacts against romanticism’s emphasis on intuition, ______, a dreary (or innocent) sense ofwonder, ______, ______, and general optimistic belief in the goodness of things. (imagination, idealism, faith in nature )Chapter 2 Regional and Local Color Writings1. ______ and ______ writings may be considered the early stage of literary realism. They were instances of realism insofar as they depicted contemporary life, used the speech of ______ and avoided, in general, fantastic plotlines. (Regional, local, the common people)2.Ernest Hemingway once remarked: “All modern literature comes from on Book by Mark Twain called______.” (Huckleberry Finn)3.As an ironist, Mark Twain allows us to see the adult through the eyes of a ______, and to see the childthrough an ______’s perspective. (child, adult)4.Tom Sawyer is the story of the boy Tom Sawyer and his friends ______ and ______. (Huckleberry Finn,Joe Harper)5.“The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavera County” is a “tall tale” filled with the kind of exaggerationand comedy that characterize ______life. (the frontier)6.There were many other regionalists and local colorists. Some of the prominent ones include _____ in NewEngland, ______ and ______ in the deep South, and ______ who wrote of the far West mining camps.(Sarah Orne, George Washington Cable, Kate Chopin, Brett Harte)Chapter 3 Henry James and William Dean Howells1.In Henry James’s texts, ______ and ______ are two different societies and cultural forces brought intocontact. (Europe, America)2.Henry James wrote 36 volumes of fictional works. A dozen or so are longer novels. The more completeversions of three of the best--______, ______, The Golden Bowl—were published posthumously. (The Wings of Dove, The Ambassadors)3.Henry James had a liking for the short-story form. However, his elaboration on details often led to theexpression of short story themes into short novels or novellas. The two best-known novellas are: ______ and ______. (Daisy Miller, The Turn of the Screw)4.While William Dean Howells was a journalist for the Ohio State Journal he wrote ______, a book whichhelped Lincoln become elected and which brought Howells recognition and an appointment as American Counsel in Venice. (The Campaign Life of Abraham Lincoln)5.In The Rise of Silas Lapham, Lapham is a sturdy country-bred man who becomes successful as a paintmanufacturer and has an opportunity to rise in ______ society. (Boston)Chapter 4 Literary Naturalism1.Under the influence of European writers such as Emile Zola, Thomas Hardy, George Eliot, Americanliterary ______ emerged in the 1890s as an outgrowth of American realism. (naturalism)2.In naturalist fiction, the characters are often ______ in the social stratum. (the lowest)3.The naturalist stories are often about those rendered helpless by uncontrollable forces. The mood is darkand _____. (pessimistic)4.Jack London’s masterpiece ______ is somewhat autobiographical. (Martin Eden)5.Norris’s novel ______ has been called “the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel”and “aconsciously naturalistic manifesto”. (McTeague)6.The first novel of Theodore Dreiser was ______. (Sister Carrie)7.The protagonist of Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire is ______. (Frank Cowperwood)Chapter 5 Women Writing on the “Woman Question”1.In literature, writing on the “woman question” mostly meant critiquing the Victorianist cultural code andpromoting ______. (women’s liberation)2.The Awakening presents the story of ______’s doomed attempt to find her own fulfillment through passion.(Edna Pontellier)3.The Awakening is simultaneously a ______ novel, a ______novel, a ______ novel, and a ______ novel.(local color, realist, romantic, feminist)4.Like Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, Kate Chopin’s______was condemned not because it was sexy butbecause it deviates from the sexual codes of “good society.”(The Awakening)5.As a fictionalized version of “rest cure,”“The Yellow Wallpaper” is a powerful feminist indictment of thenorms in a ______ culture. (patriarchal)6.Thematically, Edith Wharton’s novels reflect the struggles of the individual members of ______in theirattempts to actualize themselves within the rigid behavioral mores of their______. (elite societies, class)Part 4 American Modernism: 1914-1945Chapter 15 Modernism in the American Grain1.In its most apparent sense, “modernism”indicates an impulse towards creating something ______.(new)2.In modern fiction, ______ point of view—representing a given perspective—is used more often. (the firstperson)3.If American Romanticism was the first flowering of American literature, American ______ was the secondflowering. (modernism)4.Freud boldly and naturalistically explained that human behavior is largely the result of instinctual drives,such as______ and ______ urges. If the individual wished to enjoy the benefits of civilization, he/ she must control these urges. (sexual, aggressive)Chapter 16 The Evolution of Modernism1.Edwin Arlington Robinson created the ______ and ______ characters who believe they have failed. Hismain theme seems to be the agony of life and a hopeless wish for ______. (alienated, disillusioned, happiness)2.______ is the most popular modern poet in America. Towards the end of his life, he received more literaryawards, government recognitions, and institutional honors than any other poet of the 20th century. (Robert Frost)3.It was in England that Robert Frost published his first collection of poetry ______ in 1913. Ezra Pound,whom he met in England, helped him publish his second volume ______ which contains some of Frost’s most stunning poems, including ______, ______, ______and ______. (A Boy’s Will, North of Boston, “Mending Wall,”“Home Burial,”“The Road Not Taken,”“Apple-Picking.”)4.Willa Cather’s major novels fall into three groups. In three of her novels--______, ______ and ______--Cather explores the pioneer experience in the landscape of Nebraska, the Midwest and Colorado. (O Pioneers! The Song of the Lark, My Antonia )5.We can get better acquainted with Cather’s literary style by reviewing ______, and it was with this novelthat Cather made craft. (My Antonia)6.Sherwood Anderson is primarily remembered as the author of ______, Gathered into a loosely connectednovel are stories of ______ or ______ characters. (Winesburg, Ohio, grotesque, twisted)Chapter 17 American Modernism in Europe1.In 1936, Gertrude Stein remarked, “America is my country and Paris is my hometown and it is as it hascome to be.” She spoke not just for herself but also for a generation of _____. (American expatriates) 2.As evidence of her originality, Stein was the first American writer to try to transcribe banal daily speechinto literature. Specifically, in ______ and in ______, she used this kind of “natural” conversation in prose narrative. (Three Lives, The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas)3.______ is so far the only writer in the Western culture who has been able to turn the characteristics of theChinese language into a specific and “new” component in English/ American poetry. (Pound)4.Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the ______ movement. (Imagist)5.Ezra Pound’s major work of poetry is the long poem called ______. (The Cantos)6.Hilda Doolittle always signed her name ______. (H.D.)Chapter 18 Modern Fiction between the Wars1.It is generally believed that the modernist innovativeness in American poetry was exemplified by ______,______ and a few others whose paradigmatic texts exerted a powerful influence on fiction writers. (T. S.Eliot, Wallace Stevens)2.Under Anderson’s guidance, William Faulkner published his first novel ______, but his first major successwas ______. (Soldier’s Pay, The Sound and the Fury)3.The first three sections of The Sound and the Fury are narrated by three Compson brothers: ______,______, ______. (Benjy, Quentin, Jason)4.As I Lay Dying is a comedy with a profoundly ______. The novel is also Faulkner’s attempt to translate______ in painting into a fictional form. (tragic center, cubism)5.In Light in August Faulkner makes an indictment of racism in the South by offering a profound analysis ofthe “truths”in a cultural discourse that mingles religious fanaticism, ______ and ______, a discourse shared by Southerners at various levels. (sexism, racism)6.“A Rose for Emily” seems to be a ______ story, at least initially. (detective)7.Hemingway’s trip to Africa on a hunting expedition in 1933-14 became the basis for ______. He went toSpain twice to cover the Civil War in 1936-37, which provided material for his novel ______. (Green Hills of Africa, For Whom the Bell Tolls)8.“The Big Two-Hearted River”, included in ______, shows ______who, bearing traumas of the war withinhim, has returned to a small town where he finds the river and trout as he remembers them. (In Our Time, Nick Adams)9.______ is the most important work Fitzgerald wrote. The title character, ______ is a very rich man whofought in World War I. (The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby)10.Tender is the Night is Fitzgerald’s ______ novel and it is a novel about ______. (mature, maturity)11.The best-known work by Dos Passos is ______, a trilogy consisting of ______, ______, and ______.(U.S.A. The Forty-Second Parallel, 1919, The Big Money)12.John Steinbeck is a modern writer, no doubt, but he can also be regarded as a ______ and a ______.(regionalist, naturalist)13.Today, Steinbeck is primarily remembered by three of his many novels: ______, ______, and ______.( In Dubious Battle, Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath )14.Steinbeck consciously uses stylistic devices of the ______ and attempts to create his new ______.(folk tale, folklore)Chapter 19 Modern American Poetry1.The charm of Eliot’s poetry lies not only in the ______ but also in the ______ he has created. (images,mellow cadence)2.The “waste” in the title is not only a reference to the devastation and bloodshed of ______, but also to theemotional and spiritual sterility of the ______. (World War I, Western man)3.Eliot wrote seven plays, the best of which is ______, a verse play on an ancient historical subject, writtenin 1935. (Murder in the Cathedral)4.Eliot’s last important work was ______, a profound meditation on time and timelessness, written in fourparts. (Four Quartets)5.“Sunday Morning” is one of the best-known poems by Stevens. The poem introduces a woman who doesnot go to church on Sunday morning but stays at home to enjoy ______ and to contemplate ______.(the sunshine, what divinity is )6.The themes of William Carlos Williams’s poems are broad ranging, including the emergence of life,______, ______ in its many guises, sexuality and the erotic, the richness of everyday experience, and, last but not least, the realities of industrial America. (the nature of poetry, the unfortunate humanity)7.The odd appearance of E.E. Cummings’ verses on the page is meant as an aid to oral reading or, morespecifically, as a guide to timing, accentuation, syllabus stresses. To indicate stress, for example, he would ______ or _______. (break lines, capitalize key words)Chapter 20 African American Literature and Modernism1.Jean Toomer, poet and novelist, was for some time regarded as the most talented writer in the _______.(Harlem Renaissance)2.Between 1922 and 1929, Toomer wrote several plays in which he experienced with _______ techniques.(impressionist)3.The most important stage in Langston Hughes’s development was when he discovered Harlem, New York,and the cultural and literary circle of the ______ writers. (“New Negro”)4.Their Eyes were Watching God, Hurston’s best work, tells of Janie’s story, a young black woman’s searchfor ______. (self-knowledge)5.Native Son is a novel that explores the complex ______and ______ factors involved in a black boy’shorrendous crimes. (social, psychological)6.Black Boy is subtitled ______. This is an autobiographical novel that begins with ______’s Childhood andstops at the point when he leaves the South to head for the North. (“A Record of Childhood and Youth”, Wright)7.The Men Who Lived Underground appeared in its final form in a collection of short stories, ______.(Eight Men)Part 5 American Literature Diversified: 1945 to the New MillenniumChapter 21 Literature Diversified Under New Conditions1.Contemporary American literature is inclusive of ______, ______ and what is covered under the broadtitle “postmodern literature.” (ethnic literature, postcolonial literature)2.Existentialism is, strictly speaking, a philosophy formulated in the first half of the 20th century, with______, ______ and ______ being the three main representatives. (Heidegger, Sartre, Camus)3.In general, the distinction between postmodernism and modernism is perhaps less a matter of stylisticdifferences than a matter of attitude towards ______ and ______. (culture, literature)4.Derrida cites three thinkers as the precursors of deconstruction: ______, ______ and ______.(Nietzsche, Heidegger, Freud)5.The father of deconstruction is the French thinker ______ who did not specifically concern himself withliterature or literariness. (Jacques Derrida)6.Reading and writing are bound in the signifying process which is multilayered, continuous andnever-ending. For this insight, Derrida coined the word ______. (différence)Chapter 22 American Theater: Three Major Playwrights1.______ was America’s first dramatist of world renown. In the course of a long and prolific career, he wonfour Pulitzer prizes, gained international recognition, and in 1936 won the Nobel Prize. (Eugene O’Neil) 2.As an expressionist play, The Hairy Ape makes a protest against the ______ and______ in theindustrialized world. (dehumanization, alienation)3.______ was the most important dramatist that emerged after world War II. Like Arthur Miller, he adoptedmany of the experimental devices from the ______ and other avant-garde dramatists of the 1920s, but he integrated them into a entirely individualized. (Tennessee Williams, expressionists)4.Indeed, ______ is Tennessee Williams’s autobiographical play based on the family circumstances in1935-1936. (The Glass Menagerie)5.As seen in the majority of his plays, Miller’s favorite material is the conflict in the American middle-classfamily, with the tension often anchored on the father-son relationship as in ______ and ______ or, sometimes, on the strained relationship between a father and his stepdaughter, as in ______. (All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, A View From the Bridge)Chapter 23 Major Fiction Writers: 1945 till the 1960s1.If there was a tradition of novels that studied the waste of war and madness of war mentally, NormanMailer appeared to be a leader, with his ______ and ______ being the representative works. (The Naked and the Dead, Armies of the Night)2.Until he died in 1994, Ellison published one epic-scope novel, ______, and collections of short stories andessays. (Invisible Man)3.Baldwin is both a brilliant fiction writer and a brilliant essayist. His best-known novel is ______,published in 1953. (Go Tell It on the Mountain)4.O’Connor’s first novel Wise Blood consists of many gratuitous ad unrelated incidents. But it does have afocus on ______. (Hazel (Haze) Motes)5.The differences among Bellow’s works show the versatility of his talents. His earlier works include______, a comic and mordant existentialist tale set in wartime America, and ______, a parable of Gentile and Jew, and an unsentimental study of ______. (Dangling Man, The Victim, anti-Semitism)6.To speak of Salinger is to speak of ______. (The Catcher in the Rye)7.The phrase, “Catch-22,” is today a metaphorical expression in the English language, meaning a ______dilemma. The expression originates from ______’s novel. (self-contradictory, Heller)Chapter 24 Poetic Tendencies Since 19451.Confessional poems are conversational, bleak, brooding, showing a clear sense of alienation. Therecognized confessionals include ______, ______, W. D. Snodgrass, Anne Sexton, ______and others.(Robert Lowell, John Berryman.)2.In the term “beat generation” the word “beat” means: ______ and ______. (beat down, beatific)3.Allen Ginsberg’s best and most influential poem is ______. (Howl)4.Synder’s poetic power has much to do with his interest in ______. In Chinese and Japanese poetry, in theculture of ______, and in the natural landscape details of America. (Buddhism, American Indians) Chapter 25 Fictional Inclinations Since the 1960s1.In John Barth’s first novel, The Floating Opera, the narrator ______ spends ten years analyzing the day hecontemplated and decided against suicide. (Todd Andrew)2.American “postmodern” writers such as John Barth often write what is known as ______, namely, a pieceof fiction that is concerned with revealing the devices and conventions of making fiction and the process of making fiction. (metafiction)3.Simply speaking, meta-fiction is fiction about ______. Meta-fictional elements can also be found in suchmodernist writers as ______ and______. (Henry James, Marcel Proust)4.Pynchon wrote a short fiction titled ______ in which he used the whole range of meanings of ______.(Entropy, entropy)5.Joyce Carol Oates’s first novel ______, depicts an intense and violent love affair between a 17-year-oldgirl and a 30-year-old car racer, exposing emotional derangements, compulsive behaviors, and tragic love.(With Shuddering Fall)6.______ is perhaps the most accomplished short fiction writer since the 1960s. his fiction shows theadmired qualities of such short fiction masters as Hemingway and Anderson. (Raymond Carver) Chapter 26 Contemporary Multi-ethnic Literature and Fiction1.______’s The Woman Warrior, published in 1976, marked the beginning of Asian American writersbreaking into the mainstream. Amy Tan’s _______was another astonishing success commercially.(Maxine Hong Kingston, The Joy Luck Club)2.Morrison is praised for her powerful ______, her provocative ______, sophisticated narrative techniques,and poetic language. (fictional style, themes)3.______ is perhaps Morrison’s best novel, certainly her best-known. (Beloved)。
英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末
英美文学试卷AI.Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).(10 x 1’=10’)1.( ) Chaucer is the first English short-story teller and the founder of English poetry as well as the founder of English realism.His masterpiece The Canterbury tales contains 26 stories.2.( ) English Renaissance is an age of essay and drama.3.( ) The rise of the modern novel is closely related to the rise of the middle class and an urbanlife.4.( ) The French Revolution and the American War of Independence were two big influencesthat brought about the English Romantic Movement.5.( ) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longingfor life and love.Her novels are more or less based on her own experience and feelings and the life as she sees around.6.( ) The leading figures of the naturalism at the turn of 19th century are Thomas Hardy, John Galsworthy and Bernard Shaw.7.( ) Emily Dickinson is remembered as the “All American Writer”.8.( )The Civil War divides the American literature into romantic literature and realist literature.9.( ) Mark Twain is the first American writer to discover an American language and Americanconsciousness.10.( ) In the decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new diversity and reached itsgreatest heights.II.Fill in the blanks.(20 x 1’=20’)11.The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ___________.12.The War of Independence lasted eight years till__________.13.Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay__________ has been regarded as "America's Declaration of Intellectual Independence". It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.14.The American ___________ writers paid a great interest in the realities of life and described the integrity of human character reacting under various circumstances and pictured the pioneers of the Far West, the new immigrants and the struggles of the working class.The leading figures were ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, etc.15.No period in American history is more eventful than that between the two world wars.The literary features of the time can be seen in the writings of those ________ writers as Ezra Pound, and the writers of the Lost Generation as ___________.16.Two features of English Renaissance are the curiosity for ___________ and the interest in the activities of _____________________.17.Shakespeare’s earliest great success in tragedy is ____________, a play of youth and love, with the famous balcony scene.18.There are three types of poets in 17th century English literature.They are Puritan poets, ___________ poets and ______________ poets.19.Pope’s An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in ___________________.20.___________ has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel”for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.21.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty”is an epigrammatic line by _______________.wrence’s most controversial novel is ___________, the best probably _________.III.Multiple choice.(20 x 1’=20’)23.Among the three major works by John Milton ________ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.A.Paradise RegainedB.Samson AgonistesC.LycidasD.Paradise Lost24. Francis Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and __________.plicityplexityC.powerfulnessdness25.As one of the greatest masters of English prose, _______ defined a good style as “proper words in proper places”.A.Henry FieldingB.Jonathan SwiftC.Samuel JohnsonD.Alexander Pope26.The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for _________.A.material wealthB.spiritual salvationC.universal truthD.self-fulfillment27.“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”The quoted part is taken from _________.A.Jane EyreB.Wuthering HeightsC.Pride and PrejudiceD.Sense and Sensibility28.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry?A.Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”by William WordsworthC.“Remorse”by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD.Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman29.The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens’works is his _________.A.simple vocabularyB.bitter and sharp criticismC.character-portrayalD.pictures of happiness30.“My Last Duchess”is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning’s ________.A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue31.________ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with ______as hisencyclopedia-like masterpiece.A James Joyce, UlyssesB.E.M.Foster, A Passage to Indiawrence, Sons and loversD.Virginia Woolf, Mrs.Dalloway32.Which of the following comments on Charles Dickens is wrong?A.Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Modern PeriodB.His serious intention is to expose and criticize all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy andcorruptness he sees all around him.C.The later works show the development of Dickens towards a highly conscious artist of themodern type.D.A Tale of Two Cities is one of his late works.33._____was known as “the poets’poet”.A.William ShakespeareB.Edmund SpenserC.John DonneD.John Milton34.Which of the following poet belongs to the active Romantic poet?A.KeatsB.SoutheyC.WordsworthD.Coleridge35.______ is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A.BeowulfB.The Canterbury TalesC.Don JuanD.Paradise Lost36.___________ is the first modern American novel.A.Tom SawyerB.Huckleberry FinnC.The Sketch BookD.The Leatherstocking Tales37.Which of the following statements is NOT true of American Transcendentalism?A.It can be clearly defined as a part of American Romantic literary movement.B.It can be defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively”.C.Ralph Waldo Emerson was the chief advocate of this spiritual movement.D.It sprang from South America in the late l9th century.38.The theme of Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle is _________.A.the conflict of human psycheB.the fight against racial discriminationC.the familial conflictD.the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past39.The Nobel Prize Committee highly praised ________ for “his powerful style-forming mastery of the art”of creating modern diction.A.Ezra PoundB.Ernest HemingwayC.Robert FrostD.Theodore Dreiser40.Who exerts the single most important influence on literary naturalism?A.EmersonB.Jack LondonC.Theodore DreiserD.Darwin41.________ is NOT true in describing American naturalists.A.they were deeply influenced by DarwinismB.they were identified with French novelist and theorist Emile ZolaC.they chose their subjects for the lower ranks or societyD.they used more serious and more sympathetic tone in writing than realists42.Henry James’s fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with ________.A.international themeB.national themeC.European themeD.regional themeIV.Explain the following literary items.(4x 5’=20’)43.Spenserian Stanzake Poets45.Humanism46.BalladV.Questions.(3x 10’=30’)47.“Robinson Crusoe”is usually considered as Daniel Defoe’s masterpiece.Discuss why it became so successful when it was published?48.What is "Byronic hero"?49.Mark Twain and Henry James are two representatives of the realistic writers in American literature.How is Twain’s realism different form James’s realism?参考答案:I.Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).(本题共10空，每空1分，共10分)1-5: FFTTT 6-10: FFTTFII.Fill in the blanks.(本题共20小题, 每题1分, 共20分)11.(American) Puritanism12.178313.The American Scholar14.realistic; Mark Twain; Henry James; Jack London; Theodore Dreiser.15.Imagist; Hemingway.16.the classical literature; humanity.17.Romeo and Juliet18.Cavalier; Metaphysical19.heroic couplet20.Henry Fielding21.John Keatsdy Chatterley’s lover; The RainbowIV. Ex pla in the foll owi ng lite rar y ite ms.（本题4小题,每小题5分,共20分）43.Spenserian Stanza: it refers to a verse form created by Edmund Spenser for his poems.Each stanza has nine lines.Each of the first eight lines is in iambic pentameter, and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter line.The rhythm scheme is ababbcbccke Poets: it refers to those English romantic poets at the beginning of th e19th century, William Wordsworth, for example, who lived in the heart of the Lake District in the north-western part of England and enjoyed the experience of living close to nature, and these poets were the older generation of Romantic poets who had been deeply influenced by the French Revolution of 1789 and its effects.In their writings, they described the beautiful scenes and the country people of the area.45.Humanism refers to the literary culture in the Renaissance.Humanists emphasize the capacities of the human mind and the achievements of human culture.Humanism became the central theme of English Renaissance.Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.46.Ballad: a story told in songs, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth rhymed. V.Questions.（本题3小题,每小题10分,共30分）47.A: Robinson Crusoe is supposedly based on the real adventure of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone on the uninhabited island for five year4s.Actually, the story is an imagination.B: In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a naïve and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.C.In the novel, Robinson is a real hero and he is an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England.Robinson is a true empire-builder, a colonizer and a foreign trader, who has the courage and will to face hardships and who has determination to preserve himself and improve his livelihood by struggling against nature.D.Robinson Crusoe is an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time.Because of the above reasons, when it was published, people all liked that story, and it became an immediate success.48.Byronic hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.With immense superiorityin his passions and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules wither in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.The conflict is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions.Such a hero appeared in many of his works, for example, "Don Juan".The figure is somewhat modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.49.A.Mark Twain’s realism is tainted with local color, preferring to have his won region and people at the forefront of his stories.B.James’s realism is concerned with the “inner world”of man and the international theme.C.Twain’s language is simple and colloquial and he employs humor in his writing.D.James’s language is elaborate and refined with lengthy psychological analyses.。
Emily Dickinson 生平简介
Middle life
Dckinson was “bereaved”twice when she lost her “tutors”, Benjamin Newton and Charles Wadsworth.
Later life
Dressed in white and avoiding visitors as much as possible,she stayed almost all her life in the same house and the same yard except for a visit of few weeks to Washington D.C..
Complete poetic works
Emily wrote more than 1775 poems through out her life,of which only seven appeared in print in her lifetime. Best work was written in the four years period(1858 -1862 ). Poetry books: Poems, Series 1 Poems, Series 2 Poems, Series 3
Poetic Works
Famous Poems
I Die For Beauty 《我为美而死》 I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died 《我死时听到一只 苍蝇叫》 I am Nobody,Who are You 《我是无名小卒!你是 谁!》 Because I Could Not Wait For Death 《因为我不能 等待死神》 Her preoccupation with death amounted to an obsession so that about one third of her poems dwell on it.
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Again, watch for the slant rhyme When roses cease to bloom, dear, And violets are done, When bumble-bees in solemn flight Have passed beyond the sun, The hand that paused to gather Upon this summer's day Will idle lie, in auburn,-Then take my flower, pray!
Because the rhyme scheme comes so quickly in rhyming couplets, it tends to call attention to itself. Good rhyming couplets tend to "snap" as both the rhyme and the idea come to a quick close in two lines. Chinese couplets are referred to as duilian.
Most of her poems were found by her sister after she died. Most of her works had no titles. Much of her life was troubled by the death of others. She said, "The dyings have been too deep for me ,and before I could raise my heart from one another has come. "
1793-1864
Considered to be among the great 19th century British poets. Was commonly known as the Northhamptonshire Peasant Poet Was ill and malnourished much of his life Had to split his time between working in the fields an other common labor to provide for his family and writing poetry.
His mental health deteriorated and he lived in mental hospitals for the last 27 years of his life. He often used forms such as the rhyming couplet and sonnet.
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Oh, some scholar! Oh, some sailor! Oh, some wise man from the skies! Please to tell a little pilgrim Where the place called morning lies!
John Clare British oet
Hope is a thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune without the words, And never stops at all, And sweetest in the gale is heard; And sore must be the storm That could abash the little bird 'That kept so many warm.
Emily Dickinson American Poet 1830-1886
Born in Amherst, Massassacutes
She was very introverted and spent much of her life alone. Wrote nearly 1,800 poems but fewer than a dozen were printed in her lifetime. Her poems regularly had short lines and often used slant rhyme. She is considered to be a major American poet.
Couplet
While most couplets rhyme, not all do. A poem might use a white space to mark out couplets if they do not rhyme. Rhyming couplets are one of the simplest rhyme schemes in poetry.
I've heard it in the chillest land, And on the strangest sea; Yet, never, in extremity, It asked a crumb of me.
Will there really be a morning? Is there such a thing as day? Could I see it from the mountains If I were as tall as they? Has it feet like water-lilies? Has it feathers like a bird? Is it brought from famous countries Of which I have never heard?
Look for the slant rhyme in this poem. I had no time to hate, because The grave would hinder me, And life was not so ample I Could finish enmity. Nor had I time to love; but since Some industry must be, The little toil of love, I thought, Was large enough for me.