14.12长篇阅读真题二及答案 文档
2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案详解和听力原文第二套
2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题第二套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicants. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D)， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答1.A) At a grocery B) In a parking lot C) In a car showroom D) At a fast food restaurant.2. A) Have a little nap after lunchB) Get up and take a short walk C) Change her position now and then.D) Stretch her legs before standing up.3. A) The students should practice long-distance running. B) He doesn’t quite believe what the woman says.C) The students’ physical condition is not desirable. D) He thinks the race is too hard for the students.4. A) They do not want to have a baby at present.B) They cannot afford to get married right now. C) They are both pursuing graduate studies.D) They will get their degrees in two years.5. A) Twins usually have a lot in common. B) He must have been mistaken for Jack.C) Jack is certainly not as healthy as he is. D) He has not seen Jack for quite a few days.6. A) The man will take the woman to the museum. B) The man knows where the museum is located.C) The woman is asking the way at the crossroads. D) The woman will attend the opening of the museum.7. A) They cannot ask the guy to leave.B) The guy has been coming in for years. C) They should not look down upon the guy.D) The guy must be feeling extremely lonely.8. A) Collect timepieces. B) Learn to mend clocks. C) Become time-conscious. D) Keep track of his daily activities. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) It winds its way to the sea.B) It is eating into its banks. C) It is quickly rising.D) It is wide and deep10. A) Get the trucks over to the other side of the river. B) Take the equipment apart before being ferried.C) Reduce the transport cost as much as possible. D) Try to speed up the operation by any means.11. A) Ask the commander to send a helicopter.B) Halt the operation until further orders. C) Cut trees and build rowing boats.D) Find as many boats as possible.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Help him join an Indian expedition.B) Talk about his climbing experiences. C) Give up mountain climbing altogether.D) Save money to buy climbing equipment.13. A) He was very strict with his children. B) He climbed mountains to earn a living.C) He had an unusual religious background. D) He was the first to conquer Mt. Qomolangma.14. A) They are like humans. B) They are sacred places. C) They are to be protected. D) They are to be conquered.15. A) It was his father’s training that pulled him through.B) It was a milestone in his mountain climbing career.C) It was his father who gave him the strength to succeed.D) It helped him understand the Sherpa view of mountains.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解二
2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解二Passage 3Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur(硫磺)to filter upward.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards.Few people were killed in the New Marid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks wer stopped in Washington, D.C. Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches (倾斜) forward.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some points, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes underthe surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger (触发) earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeastArkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say have no method of predictingwhen a large earthquake will occur.11. This passage is mainly about .A)the New Madrid fault in MissouriB)the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC)the causes of faultsD)current scientific knowledge about faults12. The New Madrid fault is .A) a horizontal faultB) a vertical faultC) a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD) responsible for forming the Mississippi River13. We may conclude from the passage that .A) it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB) the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC) California will become an island in futureD) A big earthquake will occur to California soon14. This passage implies that .A) horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults.B) Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC) Earthquakes occur only around fault areasD)California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake15. As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word essentially means .A) greatlyC) basicallyB) extremelyD) necessarilyPassage 4Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into fulldaylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.16. All boys and girls in large families know that .A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are togetherB) people tend to be together more than they used to beC) a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD) Railway leads the world to peace17. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except .A) the railway enables people travel fastB) the railway brings comfort to peopleC) the railway makes the world peacefulD) the railway leads the world to war as well.18. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but .A) tunnels are dangerous to public healthB) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nervesC) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungsD) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die19. We may safely conclude that .A) the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB) the author belongs to the for-railway groupC) the author speaks highly of the railwayD) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers20. What is the tone of this passage?A)PracticalB)SatiricalC)HumorousD)Exaggerated相关推荐：2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解（汇总）。
2014年高考全国2卷语文(含参考答案)
2014年高考全国2卷语文（含参考答案）2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注蕙爭项，1. 木试卷分笫［卷（阅读龜）和第II卷（表达遞》两部分.答卷前，考生务必櫛自己的姓名r准考证号填写在答題卡上。
£作答时，将答案写祀答题卡上°写在本试卷上无效.r考试站束肩.将本试老和答题卡一并交冋・第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，毎小题3分》闽读下面的文字.完成1~3题*周代，尽管关干倉品安仝爭件钓记玮不爭，倡我也还是看刘，由于食品窖仝关系霄X7统厝君对此非常璽观卅作电了特别规冏牝的食爲交易是以直接收貌呆塘的軌圾农产岛为至*所以对农产品杓版熟度十分关注.携爲L记汹记我”周代对食品史易的规逼有：“五笛不时.足实未熟，不需于市* "这足我国历史上放早的关于食品安全管理的记录.汉唐时期，您品交易潘动非常頻緊‘交葛品#申十分丰富.为社纯有垂有窘食品浪入市场,国家在法律上作出了棚应的规定.汶朝《二年律令》#見良："谣食膻弘脯肉崩亲、伤，捕人粘亟尽就塲其余.……坐瞪弗煤及吏主者，皆坐歸肉胜，与盖同鼠B 即囱类因腐蟀等因素可能导疑申毒者’鯉华侯笑旣，否则将处罚当事人爪相美官盘*慮朝黑詹肄3规定：宀稠肉有毒，曾蛭病人.冇余汩速焚之，违才枝九十*蒞故芍人食并出矣，舒人病者，茯一年；以故我死弄|蛟.胛人自食致死若，从过光杀人递* "从«唐律》申可與着到，在鳶代，扣肺肉有奉环連焚而构成的刑爭紀罪分％隔种怙况，处罚各乘相同：一是得题哺向有毒时，食爲茄所有者总狞立刻焚5L所剌冇再仗殆，仪罐后崽，習则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立和焚毁.致人中秦.则祝情节及后爰加以科飾.免代，或食市场空前緊荣.鱼元老衣《糸京爭华录》中，追述了北宋弄咸开井騎的城市凤戦u幷且以此量笔聲商到饮仑业約骂盛，书中英炎到一盲多家龙编以及相关行金. 商品市场的繫荣*不可避免地帝袁一兹问題.旷塗商獗呵愉市于人.敝悲之册J,饰为瞬奇；假伪之才氛饰为真尖・品絹常之用胶棚、来麦之堵澧润”询僉之建以水*药材之昜以他物1* 製傀世范》）.疽妁不法介孑韭車秉用坞皇沙.昭好、卖盐餵以灰之羌仗啊车取別润亠为了新强对食品播僱，莎次充好辔現象前卑督和管理，宋代褪定从北者必麵加入行会「而行会妙闕对商器质堂贸廿.饰卑谓卷行着，因官府畔索岛得此缶不以其嵋小丸.但含克厠者，皆貶为行，虽医卜序有醍.”（w城配胜:n商人帕依绘营粪型组成行僉，商铺，手工业和#他服务性行业的相关人灵関轨加八杆会俎炽，舟按甘业畳记在鞠，否则就不能从业经营*各伞押会甘生产经晉的商需嚴量进斤把搓.浙•罢的酋锁作为担像人’贯责评屯松价和监慕不法行为.除了曲行会把关外.宋代法律也魅承了疇唐律$的规定，对有奉有害禽岳的饰售者子以严絹上述覇札对倉為必通的尖全管理及有关涣律舉据.可以翳我们很多忌耒.也可臥为现今我囚食品质童談安全监管複式妁仔逼构建提決新的爲路剌酪律遶拝.（摘编自张炜达舟古代您品安全监管述略》）J.下列关丁原文第一、二两段内零的表迷*不正确的一项是A. 闹代统涓者严禁未成熟旳渠实和谷物进入流適市场’収防止此类初级农产品引起食品安全才面的问题，H. I二年律令〉与《唐律P都规罡，凡握现国肺肉宥毒丽致人生病的情况#酋品所有希衣当立刻焚毀剩余的肉食•C. I二年律皆〉中的规毘注巫的主便官员资任的迴轧而则更加强调对伪書生命的犯聲行为的迟究-D-《唐律I规定，明料脯肉有蹋而不立刻焚毁，井故意将脯肉给人吃我出會・而敷人隹病考*要判处徒刑一年亠2. 下列理解和分析，不符合厲文意皑的一顶是A. 宋优政府注意到食制摻假、U1次充好等各神頂量周题*进一步脚强了直品安全的监普和管理工作*氐随着城市民问丄商哑的第柴发揺+宋代统治者出MA业肴曲管的需要，设立了暫会这一政府机构。
2014年高考全国卷二语文试题及答案详解
2014年高考全国卷二语文试题及答案详解2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一(新课标卷二)语文注意事项：1.本试卷分第I卷(阅读题)和第II卷(表达题)两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2.作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第 I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分，每小题3分)阅读下面的文字，完成1?3题.周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记载不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并作出了特别规定.周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注.据《礼记》记栽，用代对食品交易的规定有：“五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市.”这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录.汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富.为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定.汉朝《二年律令》规定：“诸食脯肉，脯肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余•……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐脯肉赃，与盗同法.即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚毁，否则将处罚当事人及相关官员.唐朝《唐律》规定：“脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十.若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年;以故致死者，绞.即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。
”从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚毁所剩有毒食品，学科网以绝后患，否则杖九十;二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果以科罚。
宋代，饮食市场空前繁荣。
孟元老在《东京梦华录》中，追述了北宋都城开封府的城市风貌，并且以大量笔墨写到饮食业的昌盛，书中共提到一百多家店镝以及相关行会. 商品市场的繁荣，不可避免地带来一些问题，一些商贩“以物市于人，敝恶之场，饰为新奇;假伪之物，饰为真实.如绢帛之用胶糊，米麦之增温润，肉食之灌以水，药材之易以他物(《袁氏世范》)有的不法分子甚至采用鸡塞沙，鹅羊吹气、卖盐杂以灰之类伎俩谋取利润，为了加强对食品掺假，以次充好现象的监督和管理，宋代规定从业者必须加入行会，而行会必须对商品质量负责，市肆谓之行者，因官府料索而得此名，不以其物小大，但合充用者，皆置为行，虽医卜亦有职.”(《都城纪胜》商人们依经营类型组成行会，商铺，手工业和其他服务性行业的相关人员必领加入行会组织，并按行业登记在籍，否则就不能从业经营.各个行会对生产经营的商品质量进行把关，行会的首领作为拉保人，负责评定物价和监察不法行为.除了由行会把关外，宋代法律也继承了《唐律》的规定，对有毒有害食品的销售者予以严惩。
2014年12月英语四级真题答案及解析（长篇阅读）
2014年12月英语四级真题答案及解析（长篇阅读）紧张的考试已经落下帷幕，为大家准备了2014年12月英语四级长篇阅读真题及答案，供大家参考!原文：Bike store owners put their spin on new bikeNew Yorkers, albeit many of them grudgingly, aregradually getting used to more pedaling passengers on those blazingblue Citi Bikes.But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up riders attheir expense?At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, a manager who gave his name as “Ben W.”said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales due to thebike-share program.“It’s getting more people on the road, more people learning aboutthe sport and getting involved,” he said.An employee at Danny’s Cycles in Gramercy said Citi Bike is a goodoption for people to ease into biking in a city famed for itsvehicular congestion and aggressive drivers.“They can try out a bike without committing to buying one,” JamesRyan said. “It makes a more comfortable biking environment in thecity because there are a lot more bikes, too.”Busi ness at Danny’s Cycles has increased as well since the adventof bike-share.“A lot of people come in for bike gear, and we’ve sold a lot ofhelmets,” he noted.Rentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikesor Danny’s Cycles. But for Frank’s Bike Shop, a small business thathas been at its current Lower East Side location on Grand St. since1976, the bike-share program has been bad news.Owner Frank Arroyosaid that his rental business has decreased by 90 percent since theCiti Bikes were rolled out last month.Arroyo’s main rental customers are European tourists, a demographicthat has since been drawn away by Citi Bikes. Initially, abike-share station was sited a few doors away from Frank’s BikeShop on the corner of Grand and Henry Sts. But a petition to relocate the bike station gatheredmore than 1,000 signatures. The Citi Bike dock was eventuallyremoved — but only temporarily, according to the Citi Bike Twitteraccount, for utility construction in the street.“I was grateful, and i t was quite an honor to see how many peopleresponded on my behalf,” Arroyo said of the petition effort. “Itwas really nice to see that people care. But they have flooded theplace with them,” he said of the Department of Transportation,which installs the bike racks.Removing one station does little since the area is overloaded withCiti Bike stations, said Arroyo.“If you put it in front of a hotel, customers are going to walk ofthe hotel and use it,” he said.However, Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at hisshop.“People have used the bike-share and realized how great it is tobike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer forthemselves,” he noted.Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. justnorth of Christopher St., said initially he was concerned aboutbike-share, though, he admitted, “I was happy to see people onbikes.”Consisting of equal parts tourists and locals, his customers get abetter rental deal at his shop because, despite charging only$10for a daily rental, the bike-share program requires cyclists tocheck their bikes in at a bike station every half hour. His store,on the other hand, charges $10 for the first hour, $5 for thesecond, and $2.50 per hour after that.“Six hours with Waterfront Bicycle Shop will costa customer $25,” he said. “With Citi Bike, a six-hour rental willcost $126 [if the rider doesn’t re-dock his or her bike at astation every half hour]. Our rentals always include a helmet, abasket and a lock.”Several dozen rental bikes were lined up on Weehawken St. lastSunday behind the store. Benny, who was watching over them, saidanother advantage over the Citi Bikes is that Waterfront’s bikesare all in good working order.Farrell’s early concerns were echoed by Andrew Crooks, owner of NYCVelo, at 64 Second Ave.“It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult toimplement,” Crooks said of Citi Bike. He said he worried aboutinexperienced riders’ lack of awareness of biking rules andbacklash from non-cyclists. However, he said, it’s st ill too earlyto tell if his business has been impacted.The actual Citi Bikes themselves have been criticized as “heavy,”“clunky,” even “ugly.” In comparison, Crooks said NYC Velo hasbikes that are “lighter, faster and tend to bemore comfortable.” Farrell of Waterfront also said his bikes are of“better quality” than the bike-share two-wheelers.While it’s possible bike-share will cause a drop in business in thelong run, Crooks allowed that the idea, as a whole, is good for thecity.“I believe that the progr am is a positive step forward for New YorkCity,” he said, “and will prove to benefit New York City cyclingconditions —in terms of greater acceptance, safetyandaccessibility.”。
(完整word版)2014高考语文全国新课标2卷+答案解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注意事项：1．本试卷分第I卷（阅读题）和第II卷（表达题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2．作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第 I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1〜3题.周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记载不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并作出了特别规定.周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注.据《礼记》记栽，用代对食品交易的规定有：“五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市.”这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录.汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富.为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定.汉朝《二年律令》规定：“诸食脯肉，脯肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余•……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐脯肉赃，与盗同法.即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚毁，否则将处罚当事人及相关官员.唐朝《唐律》规定：“脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十.若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年；以故致死者，绞.即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。
”从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚毁所剩有毒食品，以绝后患，否则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果以科罚。
宋代，饮食市场空前繁荣。
孟元老在《东京梦华录》中，追述了北宋都城开封府的城市风貌，并且以大量笔墨写到饮食业的昌盛，书中共提到一百多家店镝以及相关行会. 商品市场的繁荣，不可避免地带来一些问题，一些商贩“以物市于人，敝恶之场，饰为新奇；假伪之物，饰为真实.如绢帛之用胶糊，米麦之增温润，肉食之灌以水，药材之易以他物（《袁氏世范》）有的不法分子甚至采用鸡塞沙，鹅羊吹气、卖盐杂以灰之类伎俩谋取利润，为了加强对食品掺假，以次充好现象的监督和管理，宋代规定从业者必须加入行会，而行会必须对商品质量负责，市肆谓之行者，因官府料索而得此名，不以其物小大，但合充用者，皆置为行，虽医卜亦有职.”（《都城纪胜》商人们依经营类型组成行会，商铺，手工业和其他服务性行业的相关人员必领加入行会组织，并按行业登记在籍，否则就不能从业经营.各个行会对生产经营的商品质量进行把关，行会的首领作为拉保人，负责评定物价和监察不法行为.除了由行会把关外，宋代法律也继承了《唐律》的规定，对有毒有害食品的销售者予以严惩上述朝代对食品流通的安全管理及有关法律举措，可以给我们很多启示•也可以为现今我国食品质量和安全监管模式的合理构建提供新的思路和路径选择.(摘编自张炸达《古代食品安全监管述略》>1.下列关于原文第一、二两段内容的表述，不正确的一项是A周代统治者严禁未成熟的果实和谷物进入流通市场，以防止此类初级农产品引起食品安全方面的问题。
2014年高考语文全国卷II
2014年高考（全国卷II）语文试题（详解）2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记载不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并作出了特别规定。
周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注．据《礼记》记栽，周代对食品交易的规定有：“五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市。
”这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录．汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富。
为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定。
汉朝《二年律令》规定：“诸食脯肉，脯肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐脯肉赃，与盗同法。
”即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚毁，否则将处罚当事人及相关官员。
唐朝《唐律》规定：“脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十。
若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年；以故致死者，绞。
即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。
”从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚毁所剩有毒食品，以绝后患，否则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果以科罚。
宋代，饮食市场空前繁荣。
孟元老在《东京梦华录》中，追述了北宋都城开封府的城市风貌，并且以大量笔墨写到饮食业的昌盛，书中共提到一百多家店铺以及相关行会。
商品市场的繁荣，不可避免地带来一些问题，一些商贩“以物市于人，敝恶之物，饰为新奇；假伪之物，饰为真实。
如绢帛之用胶糊，米麦之增温润，肉食之灌以水，药材之易以他物”（《袁氏世范》）。
有的不法分子甚至采用鸡塞沙，鹅羊吹气、卖盐杂以灰之类伎俩谋取利润。
为了加强对食品掺假，以次充好现象的监督和管理，宋代规定从业者必须加入行会，而行会必须对商品质量负责。
2014高考英语真题试卷全国二卷(含答案和解析)
2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
AArriving in Sydney on his own from India,my husband,Rashid,stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay,he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers,including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in strange city,thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening,the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out,although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.21.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A.Go shoppingB.Find a houseC.Join his familyD.Take his family22.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from.A.a friend of his familyB.a Sydney policemanC.a letter in his papersD.a stranger in Sydney23.What does the underlined word“restored”in the last paragraph mean?A.Showed B.Sent out C.Delivered D.Gave back24.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.From India to Australia.B.Living in a a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure.D.In Search of New Friends.BSince the first Earth Day in1970,American have gotten a lot“greener”toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment,let alone that there was a problem with it,”says Bruce Anderson,president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many,many times,”says Gaylord Nelson,the former governor from Wisconsin,who thought up the first According to US government reports,emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from10.3million tons a year to5.5tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from40to9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with,the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of“Green thinking”has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In1988there were only600recycling programs;today in1995 there are about6,600.Advanced lights,motors,and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty-five years ago,there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today,it’s hard to find a public school,university,or law school that does not have such a kind of program.”Until we do that, nothing else will change!”say Bruce Anderson.25.According to Anderson,before1970,Americans had little idea about.A.the social movementB.recycling techniquesC.environmental problemsD.the importance of Earth Day26.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A.The grass-roots levelB.The business circleernment officialsD.University professors27.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B.They have settled their environmental problems.C.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures.28.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?cationB.PlanningC.Green livingD.CO reductionCOne of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair in Stamford,for example,has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around4,000since2004. And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age”Joseph Stocke,the managing director of s company,says of his2-year-old son.“I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.”After only six months of being cared by25-year-old woman from China,the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions,his dad says.Li Drake,a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband,had another reason for looking for an au pair from China.She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese,my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触)the language and culture.”she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,”says Suzanne Flynn,a professor in language education of Children.“But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce plete mastery demands continued learning until the age of10or 12.”The popularity if au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.29.What does that term“au pair”in the text mean?A.A mother raising her children on her own.B.A child learning a foreign language at home.C.A professor in language education of children.D.A young foreign woman taking care of children.30.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them.A.to live in China some day B.to speak the language at homeC.to catch up wit other childrenD.to learn about the Chinese culture31.What can we infer from the text?A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.cated woman do better in looking after children.C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.DMetro Pocket GuideMetrorail(地铁)Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to$5in change.Get one ticket of unlimited Metrorall rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro e it after9:30a.m.until closing on weekdays,and all day on weekends and holidays. Hours of serviceOpen:5a.m.Mon.---Fri.7a.m.Sat.---Sun.Close:midnight Sun.---Thur.3a.m.Fri.---Sat.nightsLast train times vary.To avoid missing the last train,please check the last train time posted in the station.MetrobusWhen paying with exact charge,the fare is$1.35.When paying with a SmarTripⓇcard,the fare is $1.25.Fares for the senior/disabled customersSenior citizens65and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus,use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripⓇcard.For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards,farecard or SmarTripⓇcards and passes,please visit or call 202-637-7000and202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorallservices by calling202-962-1100.Travel tips(提示)•Avoid riding during weekday rush periods---before9:30a.m.and between4and6p.m.•If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station,please call Lost&Found at202-962-1195.32.What should you know about farecard machines?A.They start selling tickets at9:30a.m.B.They are connected to change machines.C.They offer special service to the elderly.D.They make change for no more than$5.33.At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?A.At midnightB.at3a.m.C.at5a.m.D.at7p.m.34.What is good about a SmarTrip®card?A.It is convenient for old people.B.It saves money for its users.C.it can be bought at any time.D.it is sold on the Internet.35.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?A.202-962-1195B.202-962-1100C.202-673-7000D.202-673-8000第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国II卷语文真题(含答案解析)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试课标全国卷Ⅰ语文本卷满分150分,考试时间150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1—3题。
悲剧产生于社会的矛盾、两种社会力量的冲突。
冲突双方分别代表着真与假、善与恶、新与旧等对立的两极,却总是以代表真、善、新等美好的一方的失败、死亡、毁灭为结局,他们是悲剧的主人公。
因为他们的力量还比较弱小,还无法与强大的旧势力或邪恶力量抗衡,正义的要求不能实现,于是形成了悲剧。
古希腊学者亚里士多德指出,悲剧描写了比现实中更美好同时又是“与我们相似的”人物,通过他们的毁灭“引起怜悯和恐惧来使感情得到陶冶”,即产生净化的作用。
然而,悲剧不仅表现冲突与毁灭,而且表现抗争与拼搏,这是悲剧具有审美价值的最根本的原因。
鲁迅说过:“悲剧将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看。
”这种毁灭是抗争、拼搏以后的毁灭,抗争与拼搏体现了人的一种精神。
古希腊神话中普罗米修斯为了人类从天上盗取火种,触怒了主神宙斯,被锁在高加索山崖上,每日遭神鹰啄食肝脏,但普罗米修斯毫不屈服,最后坠入深渊。
罗丹的大理石雕塑《马身人首》中,人臂绝望地扑向一个它所抓不到的目标,而马足则陷于尘土不能自拔,表现出人性与兽性的冲突,象征着灵与肉的斗争,具有强烈的悲剧性。
可以说,没有抗争就没有悲剧,冲突、抗争与毁灭是构成悲剧的三个主要因素。
悲剧的审美价值的载体只能是文学艺术。
因为人生有价值的东西、美好事物的毁灭是令人伤悲的,因此现实中的悲剧不能作为直接的审美对象来欣赏,否则人就是泯灭了人性的人了。
现实中的悲剧只能激起人的同情、义愤,迫使人采取严肃的伦理态度和实践行动。
民主革命时期,在演出歌剧《白毛女》的过程中,曾多次出现扮演地主黄世仁的演员被打甚至险遭枪击的事件,这是人们以实际的道德评价代替了审美活动。
现实的悲剧只在客观上具有悲剧的审美性质,它们必须以文学艺术的形式表现出来,才能成为欣赏的对象,美学上所谓的“以悲为美”才能实现。
2014年高考语文全国卷2及答案
语文试卷 第1页（共10页）语文试卷 第2页（共10页）绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国新课标卷2）语文使用地区：海南、宁夏、黑龙江、吉林、新疆、云南、内蒙古、青海、贵州、甘肃、西藏本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
考生注意：1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2. 答题时请按要求用笔。
3. 请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第Ⅰ卷 阅读题甲 必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记载不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并做出了特别规定。
周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注。
据《礼记》记载，周代对食品交易的规定有：“五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市。
”这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录。
汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富。
为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定。
汉朝《二年律令》规定：“诸食脯肉，脯肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余。
……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐脯肉赃，与盗同法。
”即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚毁，否则将处罚当事人及相关官员。
唐朝《唐律》规定：“脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十。
若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年；以故致死者，绞。
即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。
”从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚毁所剩有毒食品，以绝后患，否则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果加以科罚。
2014年高考语文全国卷2-答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）语文答案解析第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读1．【答案】C【解析】“《二年律令》中的规定注重对主使官员责任的追究”错，应是对“当事人及相关官员”都进行责任追究。
2．【答案】B【解析】“设立了行会这一政府机构”错，“行会”组织不属于政府机构，是政府为加强对民间工商业者的监管而批准成立的民间组织。
3．【答案】B【解析】由原文“各个行会对生产经营的商品质量进行把关”可知，“对生产经营的商品进行质量把关”的不是宋代政府，而是相应的行会。
二、古代文诗文阅读4．【答案】D【解析】著：记录，登记。
5．【答案】C【解析】首先明确人物，也就是号称“八虎”的刘瑾等八人。
这是一个判断句，“八虎”后应断开，故排除A、B两项。
然后说的是“八虎”的一系列罪恶行为，即每天带领皇帝不务正业。
“不亲万几”是不理政务的意思。
另外，“文每退朝对僚属语及辄泣下”这句的意思是韩文每次退朝的时候，和下属说起这件事情，就会痛哭，“辄”前应断开。
采用排除法，故选C项。
6．【答案】B【解析】“着手压缩编制”于文无据。
7．【答案】（1）淳安公主受赐田地有三百顷，又想强夺任丘民众的产业，（因）韩文尽力相争才停止。
（2）随即与各位大臣一道拜伏宫阙上奏，奏章呈进，皇帝惊哭不食，刘瑾等人大为恐惧。
8．【答案】诗人是用衬托的方法来表现感情的。
诗人虽然到处漂泊，但好像对此并不在意，认为这是“等闲”之事；而客中一觉梦醒，思家乡、念亲人的惆怅之情不禁油然而生。
9．【答案】韦诗中，“灯前”表现了诗人旅途漂泊中的凄清、失神、怅惘之情；郭诗中，“灯前”表现了诗人住宿渔家所感受到的温暖、愉悦之情。
（意思对即可）10．【答案】（1）朝菌不知晦朔蟪蛄不知春秋（2）长风破浪会有时直挂云帆济沧海（3）舳舻千里旌旗蔽空乙选考题三、文学类文本阅读11．【答案】ACE【解析】B．“小说善于使用对比手法”错，守明的形象主要是通过心理描写凸显出来的。
2014年高考语文全国II卷真题及答案
精心整理2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文全国二卷第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
周代，尽管关于食品安全事件的记载不多，但我们还是看到，由于食品安全关系重大，统治者对此非常重视并作出了特别规定。
周代的食品交易是以直接收获采摘的初级农产品为主，所以对农产品的成熟度十分关注．据《礼记》记栽，周代对食品交易的规定有：“五谷不时，果实未熟，不鬻于市。
”这是我国历史上最早的关于食品安全管理的记录．汉唐时期，食品交易活动非常频繁，交易品种十分丰富。
为杜绝有毒有害食品流入市场，国家在法律上作出了相应的规定。
汉朝《二年律令》规定：“诸食脯肉，脯肉毒杀、伤、病人者，亟尽孰燔其余……当燔弗燔，及吏主者，皆坐脯肉赃，与盗同法。
”即肉类因腐坏等因素可能导致中毒者，应尽快焚毁，否则将处罚当事人及相关官员。
唐朝《唐律》规定：“脯肉有毒，曾经病人，有余者速焚之，违者杖九十。
若故与人食并出卖，令人病者，徒一年；以故致死者，绞。
即人自食致死者，从过失杀人法。
”从《唐律》中可以看到，在唐代，知脯肉有毒不速焚而构成的刑事犯罪分为两种情况，处罚各不相同：一是得知脯肉有毒时，食品的所有者应当立刻焚毁所剩有毒食品，以绝后患，否则杖九十；二是明知脯肉有毒而不立刻焚毁，致人中毒，则视情节及后果以科罚。
宋代，饮食市场空前繁荣。
孟元老在《东京梦华录》中，追述了北宋都城开封府的城市风貌，并且以大量笔墨写到饮食业的昌盛，书中共提到一百多家店铺以及相关行会。
商品市场的繁荣，不可避免地带来一些问题，一些商贩“以物市于人，敝恶之物，饰为新奇；假伪之物，饰为真实。
如绢帛之用胶糊，米麦之增温润，肉食之灌以水，药材之易以他物”（《袁氏世范》）。
有的不法分子甚至采用鸡塞沙，鹅羊吹气、卖盐杂以灰之类伎俩谋取利润。
为了加强对食品掺假，以次充好现象的监督和管理，宋代规定从业者必须加入行会，而行会必须对商品质量负责。
2014考研英语二真题及答案之阅读题【2】
2014考研英语二真题及答案之阅读题【2】24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh o f themselves’from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deli beration”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are dep ressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray a n idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions。
应用型长篇阅读二答案
应用型长篇阅读二答案微波是一种高功率电磁波，可以用特殊的天线汇聚成方向性极强、能量极高的波束，在空中以光速沿直线传播。
所谓微波武器，指的是利用微波束的能量直接杀伤目标或使目标丧失作战效能的武器。
微波武器主要由高功率发射机、大型高增益天线和瞄准、跟踪、控制等系统构成。
微波武器可以用作炮弹人员。
其炮弹机理可以分成“非热效应”和“热效应”两种。
“非热效应”就是由强微波电磁辐射引发的，它可以并使人疲倦、头痛、神经失调、记忆力消退。
而“热效应”则就是利用弱微波电磁辐射反射人体，通过短时间内产生的高温发热，导致人员伤亡。
另外，微波武器除了两大绝招，即为它能够沿着大于其波长的所有缝隙以及玻璃等绝缘体，步入目标内部，炮弹里面的人员，甚至连半封闭工事及装甲车辆内的战斗人员也容易脱逃它的“魔爪”。
微波武器好可以干扰和烧毁武器系统中的电子设备及元器件。
当其发射的微波束在目标区的能量密度达至0.01微瓦/厘米2，—1微瓦/厘米2时，可以并使适当波段的雷达和电子系统无法工作；当微波一束在目标区的能量密度减少至10瓦/厘米2—100瓦/厘米2时，则可以焚毁任何工作波段的电子元器件。
微波武器可以反击的目标非常多，从洲际导弹、巡航导弹、飞机、坦克、军舰，至雷达、计算机、通讯器材，只要就是处在弱微波的全面覆盖区内，就可能将受反击而失去登陆作战效能。
微波武器还是隐形武器的克星。
隐形武器能够隐形的关键是广泛采用了能吸收雷达波的材料和涂料。
微波武器发射出的高能量微波束能使隐形武器因升温而受到破坏，轻则瞬间被加热，导致机毁人亡；重则即刻融化，变成轻烟一缕。
12、这篇文章表明的中心就是什么？（3分后）答：13、详述微波武器的形成及炮弹对象。
（4分后）构成：炮弹对象：14、在文中找出两种说明方法。
试举一例简要分析其作用。
（4分）①表明方法：②举例分析：15、第四段画线句中的“可能将”一词若想删掉？为什么？（3分后）答：答案：（二）12、说明了微波武器的杀伤力（请问“促进作用“或”反击促进作用“也给分后）（3分后）13、形成：主要由高功率发射机、大型高增益天线和对准、追踪、掌控等系统形成。
2014高考英语阅读理解二轮专题训练精品题(2)及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解二轮专题训练精品题（2)及答案阅读理解—-—-—BCan dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight。
A recent research has found a new recipe of success。
According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog，and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats，a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two—thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.However, it wasn’t all sweetness and light。
There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes，while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example，when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission。
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[G]The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on the biological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher who specializes in positive emotions at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, andSteve Cole, a genetics and psychiatric researcher at UCLA, examined the self-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 research subjects.
[L]Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meaning in their lives - proverbially, simply here for the party - have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronic adversity. That is, the bodies of these happy people are preparing them for bacterial threats by activating the pro-inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with major illnesses like heart disease and various cancers.
“26页：长篇阅读真题及答案
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraphmore than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
[C]But a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers thought. It might even be bad.
[D]Of course, it’s important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece called“There’s More to Life Than Being Happy”about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really means to people. It specifically explored the differencebetween a meaningful life and a happy life.
Meaning Is Healthier Than Happiness
[A]For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy-People-Pills For All, and, for those just starting out, Happinessfor Beginners.
[F]"Happiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desire are easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entanglements are avoided," the authors of the study wrote. "Ifanything, pure happiness is linked to not helping others in need.” While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, "Partly what we do as human beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it does not necessarily make us happy.”
[E]It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish“taking”behavior and that having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless “giving” behavior.
[J]After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Cole, with their research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each of the participants. Like neuroscientists who use fMRI scanningto determine how regions in the brain respond to different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning.
[I]Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self. They measured meaning by asking questions like“How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?”,“How often did you feel that you had somethingto contribute to society?”, and “How often did you feel that you belonged to a community social group?” The more people endorsed these measures of “eudaimonic well-being” - or, simply put, virtue - the more meaning they felt in life.