中考语法名词复习讲练

中考语法复习一、名词考点1：不可数名词的用法(1)不能与a/an或数字连用，没有复数(s /es)形式，但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。

(2)通常与量化词组连用。

如：a cup of tea一杯茶，two bottles of water两瓶水注意：区别two boxes of chalk与two boxes of apples。

(3)只能修饰不可数名词的词有：a little(一点), little(几乎没有), much / a great deal of (许多)考点2：可数名词的用法(1)可数名词单数与不定冠词a /an连用。

英语中凡是超过一个以上的东西都要用复数：3 apples；2 hours；one and a half hours ＝one hour and a half(2)只与可数名词复数连用的单词：few(几乎没有)，a few(一些), many / a great many (许多)(3)既能与可数名连用也能与不可数名词连用的单词：some, any, a lot of/lots of, plenty of如：There is some / a lot of milk in the bottle.There are some / a lot of flowers in the garden.(4)名词复数的变化规律：①一般在词尾直接加s：book—books chair—chairs②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的单词通常在词尾加es：class—classes box—boxes brush—brushes watch—watches③以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，把y改i，再加es：family—families factory—factories但以元音＋y结尾的词，则直接在词尾加s：key—keys monkey—monkeys④以o结尾的词，有生命的名词加es，如：potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes hero—heroes但无生命名词则直接加s，如：radio—radios photo—photos zoo—zoos⑤以f或fe结尾的词，改f或fe为v 加es：eaf—leaves thief—thieves⑥单数名词变复数的不规则变化：a－e如：man－men, woman－women, policeman－policemen, oo－ee 如：foot－feet, tooth－teeth，goose－geese,单复数同形，如：sheep－sheep, deer－deer，fish－fish 但child－children, mouse－mice，⑦表示“某国人”的名词单复变化如下：单复数相同：Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese将man 改为men：Frenchman—Frenchmen Englishman—Englishmen其余在后面加s：German—Germans American—Americans Indian—Indians Australian—Australians⑧有的名词只有复数形式。

如：people, police, clothes。

⑨由两个名词组成的名词词组，通常只变后面一个名词为复数：an appple tree－two apple trees a girl student－many girl students a shoe shop－a few shoe shops但如果前面名词是man或woman时，则两个名词都要变成复数A man teacher－some men teachers a woman doctor－ten women teachers⑩有些名词虽然是以s结尾，却是不可数名词。

如：news, maths, grass, physics等。

考点3：名词所有格的用法名词所有格表示人或物的隶属和拥有关系，译成“……的”。

(1)有生命名词的所有格①单数名词的所有格，直接在词尾加's。

如：Kate's bag, my friend's bike②以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加'。

如：Teachers' Day students' books③不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加's。

如：Children's Day Women's Day④表店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时，所有格后面的名词常常省略。

如：at the doctor's⑤两人共同拥有的人或物，在后一个人名后加's 。

如：Lucy and Lily's mother⑥两人分别拥有的人或物，则两个名词后都要加's 。

如：Tom's and Jim's books⑦双重所有格：用“of ＋名词所有格/ of ＋名词性物主代词”表示。

如：A friend of my father's a book of mine2)无生命名词的所有格，用“of ”表达：the door of the room, the color of the clothes但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词，也可加's构成所有格：today's newspaper今天的报纸eight days' holiday ＝an 8－day holiday八天的假期five minutes' walk ＝a five－minute walk 五分钟的步行路程名词易混词辨析：(1)sound，voice，noise①sound “声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音。

I heard the sound of the bell.②voice “声音”，主要指人的声音。

She has a beautiful voice.③noise 指“噪音”。

词组有：make a noise等。

1.The ____made me feel annoyed. I want to be in a quiet place2.The teacher said in a loud_____，“Please keep silent.”3. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the ________of the running water.(2)job, work①job “工作”，是可数名词。

②work “工作”，可以作名词或动词；作名词表示“工作”时是不可数的；作名词表示“著作”时是可数的。

练习：1. He has lost three ________，because he doesn't ________ hard.2.Do you want to ________late? We will have a ________for you as a waiter.(3)problem, question①problem指需要解决或讨论的“问题、难题”及数学方面的“问题、习题”。

常做think about, solve, work on, work out等的宾语。

如：solve the problem, work out the math problem等。

②question 通常与“疑问”有关，指有待回答的一般的或简易的“问题”。

常做ask, answer等的宾语。

如：answer the question等。

1.The_______ now is that we have lots of __________ to ask2. The__________is so hard that nobody can work it out.(4)road, way, street①road 指“公路；马路”，指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。

“在马路上”一般用on the road。

“穿过马路”用cross the road (或go across the road)。

②way意为“路线；路途；方法”等，统指从一地到另一地的路途。

常用固定词组有in this way(用这种方式)；on the way to (在去……的路上)；get in the way of (挡道)等。

③street 表示“街道”，其两边有建筑物。

“在街上”一般用in the street。

“穿过街道”一般用go through the street。

1. Excuse me，can you tell me the ________ to the post office?2. When he went home, he saw an old woman lying in the ________.3. The ________ in this village is wider than before.(5)people, person, member①people是集体名词，表示“人们”，只有复数形式。

但是做“民族”解时，表单数。

如：56 peoples(56个民族)②person意为“人”，强调单个的人，是可数名词，复数形式为persons。

③member表示“成员；会员”，是可数名词。

练习：1. My brother joined the Party last year, so he is a party________ now.2. I don't know the______ who is wearing a hat.3. There are so many____________ in the mall that we can't move easily.(6)house, family, home①house 表示“住宅”，指的是具体的房子或建筑物。

②family 表示“家；家庭”，也可指全体家庭成员。

③home 意为“家”，带有眷恋等感情色彩。

练习：1. I bought a new ________ in Zhongshan.2. Tom has a big ________. There are six people in his ________.3. She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years. Shenzhen has become her second ________.(7)idea, advice①idea 表示“主意”，是可数名词。