英语典故2
英语文学作品中典故
浅析英语文学作品中的典故摘要典故是文学作品中语言的精华,是一个民族的历史和文化的浓缩。
英语蕴藏的典故数量很多,它的典故的形成是以整个西方文化为基础,其中许多典故来源于《圣经》、希腊罗马神话、寓言童话、历史事件或故事、文学作品等。
本文从英语典故的文化本原、词语形成的理据性进行分析,从而了解到它所包含的丰富的意义和生动的内容,并能恰当地运用典故来进行描述,增加了英文作品的内涵。
关键词:英语文学作品典故文化中图分类号:h059 文献标识码:a英语中的典故相对应的词是“allusion”。
《牛津高级英汉双解词典》(第六版)的解释是:“something that is said or written that refers to or mention another person or subject.”翻译为中文是:“间接提及;暗引;影射;典故”。
换句话说,不是直接就事论事,而是用过去出现过的人、事、物等,即用典故含而不漏地表达、间接地来说明或影射现在的人和事等。
典故是民族文化中的精华,它深深地烙上了不同民族的色彩。
“引经据典”是人们喜闻乐见的一种语言形式,也是常见的语言现象。
因此,对民族特色的典故充分认知是不可缺少的文化基础知识。
一英语文学作品中典故的文化本原古希腊文化和古希伯来文化是形成整个西方文化的基础。
英语典故所体现的是西方的文明,反映的是西方的民族文化特色,在其历史发展过程中不同程度地受到这两种古文化的影响,是英语中最古老典故形成的主要来源,文艺复兴时期开始的文学创作方面成就中,大量的名著在引用众多的来自这两种古文化中的典故同时,还为英语世界提供了无数的新典故。
欧洲文学中的主要体裁如诗歌、戏剧、散文中的历史、文学评论、传记、传奇和寓言等,都创始于希腊。
罗马文学是受希腊文学影响发展起来的,由于希腊文学作品都已失传,而罗马文学保存得非常完好,因此罗马文学成为了希腊和后世欧洲文学的中介,罗马文学在发展希腊文学的同时,也有了自己的独创性,如维吉尔的史诗使古代欧洲文学中的诗史得到定型。
中国典故英语简单
中国典故英语简单01 凿壁偷光Kuang Heng was born in a poor family. He liked reading books very much. He needed to work at daytime, so he had to read books during night. But he was too poor to buy a candle.One day, he found his neighbour had candles, but the light couldn’t go through his room. So he dug a small hole on the wall so that he could use the light to read books. From that day, he read books every night until the light went out. However, he finished reading all his books and there were no books for him to read. Then he went to a rich man’s house and worked for him without payment. The rich man asked: “ Why don’t you want the money?” Kuang Heng said: “ Because I only want to borrow your boo ks.” The rich man agreed. Kuang Heng read the books one by one.Finally, he became a great scholar.匡衡勤奋好学,但家中没有蜡烛。
邻家有蜡烛,但光亮照不到他家,匡衡就在墙壁上凿了洞引来邻家的光亮,让光亮照在书上读书。
英语中的希腊神话典故
英语中的希腊神话典故宁波的Lydia问:Tom,你好,我是一名英语系的学生。
在一次考试中,我碰到了“Achilles' heel”这个词组,当时怎么也猜不出它的意思,只好空在那里。
后来经老师讲评才得知这个词源于希腊神话。
后来,我留心地注意了一下,发现在英语中类似的词汇好像还真不少,所以想请你帮忙总结一些英文中比较常用的这类词语。
Tom:英语中有很多词语都源于希腊神话故事。
应Lydia的要求,本次,我就讲讲其中一些最为常用的表达法,以及它们背后的故事。
如果你能在别人面前讲出这些典故,相信大家都会对你刮目相看的。
Theseus & the MinotaurTheseus was the Athenian king's son who travelled to Crete and killed the terrible Minotaur, a monster that was half-man, half-bull. The Minotaur lived in a complex underground maze called the Labyrinth. Today, a labyrinth means a difficult maze, or anything that is very convoluted and confusing (e.g. "a labyrinth of rules and regulations").特修斯和弥诺陶洛斯特修斯是雅典国王之子,曾前往克利特岛杀死了可怕的半人半牛怪物——弥诺陶洛斯。
弥诺陶洛斯生活在一个名叫拉比林特斯(Labyrinth)的复杂地下迷宫里。
而今“labyrinth”的意思是一个难解的迷宫,或者那种非常令人费解与迷惑的事情(例如“a labyrinth of rules and regulations”)。
有关地名的英语成语典故
有关地名的英语成语典故To meet Waterloo(倒霉,受毁灭性打击,灭顶之灾)滑铁卢是一代天骄拿破仑遭受残败的地方。
遭遇滑铁卢,对一个人来说,后果不堪设想。
无怪据说二战期间,在准备诺曼底反攻时,温斯顿·丘吉尔和随员冒雨去某地开会,其随员因路滑而摔了一跤,脱口说一句“To meet Waterloo!”丘吉尔竟联想到拿破仑兵败滑铁卢的典故,恼怒地斥责他:“胡说!我要去凯旋门呢!”It's Greek to me.(我不知道)英国人一般都不懂希腊语。
这句话的直译是:对于我这是希腊语。
自然是不明白的意思。
Greek Kalends(幽默,诙谐方式表达的永远不)Kalends是罗马日历的第一天。
古希腊不用罗马日历,永远不会有这一天。
Castle in Spain(西班牙城堡,幻想,梦想。
相当于汉语中的空中楼阁)中世纪某一时期,西班牙是一个颇富浪漫色彩的国家,这句成语是和Castle in air(空中城堡)相齐名的。
Set the Thames on fire(火烧泰晤士河,这是何等伟大的壮举)但是这句成语经常是反其义应用,指那些人对某事只是夸下海口,而不是真正想去做From China to Peru(从中国到秘鲁)它的意义非常明白,指从世界的这一边到世界的那一边,相当于汉语的远隔重洋。
Between Scylla and Charybdis(锡拉和卡津布迪斯之间———在两个同样危险的事物之间:一个人逃出一种危险,而又落入另一种危险)锡拉是传说中生活在意大利岩石的怪兽,卡津布迪斯是住在海峡中一端经常产生旋涡的另一个怪兽。
水手为了躲避其中一个的危害,而常又落入另一个灾难。
意大利这一方的海角叫凯尼斯(Caenys),西西里岛那一方的海角叫皮罗鲁姆(Pelorum)。
Spoil Egyptians(掠夺埃及———迫使敌人提供自己所需要的东西)源于圣经:上帝答应摩西,埃及人必须借给以色列他们所需要的东西。
英语知识15个常见的英文典故
英语知识:15个常见的英文典故柏拉图式爱情Platonic Love柏拉图(公元前427~公元前347),古希腊著名哲学家。
苏格拉底的学生,亚里士多德的老师。
其哲学思想对唯心主义在西方的发展影响极大,代表作有《理想国》、《法律》等。
他主张人的绝对精神,而忽视肉体感受。
“柏拉图婚姻”即是没有肉体性欲,而是绝对精神的男女爱恋。
诺亚方舟Noah’s Ark出自《圣经》。
上帝对人类所犯下的罪孽非常忧虑,决定用洪水消灭人类。
而诺亚是个正直的人,上帝吩咐他造船避灾。
经过40个昼夜的洪水,除诺亚一家和部分动物外,其他生物都被洪水吞没了。
后来人们常用此语比喻灾难中的避难所或救星。
滑铁卢Waterloo1815年,在比利时的滑铁卢,拿破仑率领法军与英国、普鲁士联军展开激战,法军惨败。
随后,拿破仑以退位结束了其政治生涯。
因此,“滑铁卢”常常被用来比喻惨痛的失败。
第二十二条军规Catch-22本是名著《第二十二条军规》的书名,作者为英国的约瑟夫·海勒。
军规规定:面临真正的、迫在眉睫的危险时,对自身安全表示关注,乃是头脑理性活动的结果;如果你认为你疯了,可以允许你停止飞行,只要你提出请求就行。
可是你一提出请求,就证明你不是疯子,就得继续飞行。
此语常用来比喻圈套、枷锁等。
它虽看不见,摸不着,但却无处不在,无所不包。
自相矛盾的一套诡辩逻辑,任何人也逃不出它的手心。
皮格马利翁效应Pygmalion Effect皮格马利翁是古希腊神话中的塞浦路斯国王,善雕刻。
一次他雕刻了一座美丽的少女像,在夜以继日的工作中,皮格马利翁把全部的精力,全部的热情,全部的爱恋都赋予了这座雕像。
后来,爱神阿佛洛狄忒见他感情真挚,就给雕像以生命,使两人结为夫妻。
于是“皮格马利翁效应”成为一个人只要对艺术对象有着执著的追求精神,便会发生艺术感应的代名词。
缪斯Muse缪斯是希腊神话中九位文艺和科学女神的通称。
她们均为主神和记忆女神之女。
她们以音乐和诗歌之神阿波罗为首领,分别掌管着历史、悲剧、喜剧、抒情诗、舞蹈、史诗、爱情诗、颂歌和天文。
37个有用的英语成语典故
37个英语成语典故(一)源自古希腊罗马神话传说的13个成语典故1.An Apple of Discord争斗之源;不和之因;祸根An Apple of Discord直译为“纠纷的苹果”,出自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事传说希腊阿耳戈英雄(Argonaut)珀琉斯(Peleus)和爱琴海海神涅柔斯的女儿西蒂斯(Thetis)在珀利翁山举行婚礼,大摆宴席。
他们邀请了奥林匹斯上(Olympus)的诸神参加喜筵,不知是有意还是无心,惟独没有邀请掌管争执的女神厄里斯(Eris)。
这位女神恼羞成怒,决定在这次喜筵上制造不和。
于是,她不请自来,并悄悄在筵席上放了一个金苹果,上面镌刻着“属于最美者”几个字。
天后赫拉(Hera),智慧女神雅典娜(Athena)、爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂(Aphrodite),都自以为最美,应得金苹果,获得“最美者”称号。
她们争执不下,闹到众神之父宙斯(Zeus)那里,但宙斯碍于难言之隐,不愿偏袒任何一方,就要她们去找特洛伊的王子帕里斯(Paris)评判。
三位女神为了获得金苹果,都各自私许帕里斯以某种好处:赫拉许给他以广袤国土和掌握富饶财宝的权利,雅典娜许以文武全才和胜利的荣誉,阿芙罗狄蒂则许他成为世界上最美艳女子的丈夫。
年青的帕里斯在富贵、荣誉和美女之间选择了后者,便把金苹果判给爱与美之神。
为此,赫拉和雅典娜怀恨帕里斯,连带也憎恨整个特洛伊人。
后来阿芙罗狄蒂为了履行诺言,帮助帕里斯拐走了斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯的王后---绝世美女海伦(Helen),从而引起了历时10年的特洛伊战争。
不和女神厄里斯丢下的那个苹果,不仅成了天上3位女神之间不和的根源,而且也成为了人间2个民族之间战争的起因。
因此,在英语中产生了an apple of discord这个成语,常用来比喻any subject of disagreement and contention;the root of the t rouble;dispute等意义这个成语最初为公元2世纪时的古罗马历史学家马克·朱里·尤斯丁(Marcus Juninus Justinus)所使用,后来广泛的流传到欧洲许多语言中去,成为了一个国际性成语。
管鲍之交典故英语作文
管鲍之交典故英语作文English: The ancient Chinese saying "管鲍之交" (guǎn bào zhī jiāo) refers to the friendship between two famous historical figures, Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya. Guan Zhong was a talented politician and strategist who served under Duke Huan of Qi during the Spring and Autumn period. Bao Shuya, on the other hand, was a wealthy merchant. Despite their differing social status, the two men formed a deep and meaningful friendship. Guan Zhong recognized Bao Shuya's business acumen and invited him to work for Duke Huan. Bao Shuya's economic expertise greatly benefited the state of Qi, and their partnership led to great prosperity. This story is often used to illustrate the mutual benefit that can arise from friendships between people from different backgrounds, as well as the importance of recognizing and valuing each other's strengths.中文翻译: 这句古老的中国谚语“管鲍之交”指的是两位著名历史人物管仲和鲍叔牙之间的友谊。
friends典故2
第十九集Earl Grey,English Breakfast,Cinna mon St ick,Camomile,Mint Medley,Blackber ry瑞秋给一个客人端上了茶,她想考验自己的记忆,把一个一个茶名说来:伯爵茶(Earl G rey),这是英国一个伯爵从中国卸任后带回的红茶和佛手柑油调和在一起后配成的,就以这个伯爵的名字命名,English Breakfast是指英国早餐红茶;Cinnamo n Stick则是指肉桂茶;Camomile是指甘菊茶;Mint Medley是薄荷混合茶,Blackberry是黑莓茶:Lemon So other则是将柠檬和药草混合的一种安神茶。
尽管瑞秋将这一系列繁复的茶名都记住了,但却记错了顾客。
Regis Philbin老友们去找走失了的猴子,楼下的海克尔先生答非所问地说:他没有见过猴子,但见过里吉斯·菲尔宾(Regis Philbin),这是著名的电视节目主持人,曾主持《百万富翁》节目。
Fort Trapp莫尼卡给大家展示高中毕业年鉴中她的照片,并说这是她在出演《音乐之声》时拍的。
莫尼卡问菲比又没有看到剧中冯特拉普(Von Trapp)一家的孩子,菲比说没有,莫尼卡说那是因为我在前面。
莫尼卡在中学里是以肥胖出名的,所以钱德勒开玩笑说:“天哪,我还以为那是阿尔卑斯山。
”《音乐之声》中一家人就是从阿尔卑斯山逃走的。
第二十集Mr.Peanut, Mr.Salty花生先生和咸味先生,这又是两个卡通人物。
剧中钱德勒和乔伊便吃着根据这个形象做的玉米果小吃,边在争执两个角色哪个比较好。
Russian Tea Room,Bendall's瑞秋巧遇前未婚夫巴里,巴里带他去了“Russian Tea Room",这就是世贸中心大楼里著名的“俄罗斯茶室”餐厅。
然后巴里又和她到本多尔(Bendall's)公司买了香奈尔(Chane l)香水。
四十个英语习语典故来源
四十个英语习语典故来源1. a wolf in sheep’s clothing此语源自<<伊索寓言>>,直译为“披着羊皮的狼”,也可表示这些意义“伪装成朋友的敌人;貌善心毒的人,伪君子”等. 该成语涉及这样一则故事:一只狼披着羊皮混到羊群里去了,欺骗了羊羔,并把羊羔吃了.又见<<新约.马太福音>>第七章有如此一说: “你们要防备假先知.他们到你们这里来,外面披着羊皮, 里面却是残暴的狼.”例句:Mrs Martin trusted the lawyer until she realized that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing.马丁太来很信任那个律师,后来才认清他是个披着羊皮的狼。
Mr Black was fooled by the salesman’s manner until he showed that he was really a wolf in sheep’s clothing,by selling Mr Black a car that was falling apart. 布莱克先生被推销员愚弄了,后来才发现原来推销员貌善心毒的人。
他卖给布莱克先生的是一辆要垮的小汽车。
2. a dog in the manger此成语源自<<伊索寓言>>,含贬义.该成语涉及这则故事:一只狗躺在马槽里,马或牛来吃食时,它却不让,但狗自己又不能吃.LDC认为该成语指“自己不能享用又不让别人享用的人”. 我们一般选择此译法: “占着茅坑不拉屎(的人)。
例句:I’d like to ask you to consider it again and not to be a dog in the manger . 我劝你还是再考虑考虑,不要干那既损人又不利己的事。
3. to carry coals to Newcastle此语与法国谚语“运水入河”相当,可译为“多此一举”.纽卡斯尔(Newcastle)是英国的产煤基地.例句:It would be like carrying coals to Newcastle if another bank opened in this street ; there are three here now .如果再在这条街上开一家银行,那可真是多此一举,因为这条街目前已经有三家银行了。
2023年中考英语热点时文阅读17 中国历史故事(二)
2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-中国历史故事(二)01(2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。
There are many great stories in Chinese history. This is one of the most educational stories.Kuang Heng was a very famous person in the Western Han Dynasty, and he was born in a ____1____ family. He liked reading very much. He needed to work in the daytime, so he had to read books during the night. But he was too poor to buy a ____2____.One day, he found his neighbor had candles, but the light couldn’t go ____3____ the wall. After thinking for a while, he had an idea. He ____4____ a small hole in the wall in his house so that he could use the light from his neighbor’s house to read books. From that day on, he read books every night ____5____ the light went out. After some days, in his house there were no books for him to read. Then he went to a rich man’s house and worked for him without ____6____ any money. Hearing this, the rich man thought that Kuang Heng was ____7____ but still asked, “You meant you would work for me for free. But why?” Kuang Heng replied, “Well, I only want to ____8____ your books to read. That’s enough.”The rich man was deeply moved and he ____9____. Kuang Heng read the books in the rich man’s house one by one. ____10____, he became a great scholar (学者). If you are still worried about reading books, it’s necessary for you to learn from Kuang Heng.1.A.rich B.small C.poor D.big2.A.candle B.house C.book D.match3.A.by B.over C.across D.through4.A.found B.hung C.dug D.put5.A.if B.until C.although D.after6.A.asking for B.giving back C.paying for D.laying out7.A.simple B.smart C.serious D.stupid8.A.lend B.borrow C.buy D.keep9.A.advised B.agreed C.achieved D.argued 10.A.Suddenly B.Certainly C.Finally D.Unluckily02(2022年辽宁省沈阳市沈河区中考二模英语试题)During the Han dynasty, there was a general named Ban Chao. One day, he was sent to visit Shanshan state(鄯善国)(near modern Xinjiang) in the western regions.The ____11____ of Ban’s trip was to establish(建立) good relations with the state. He brought only about 30 soldiers ____12____ him. The Shanshan king received them kindly and treated them well.At that time there was a nation called Xiongnu or Hun in the north. It often fought against Han’s army.A few days after Ban’s team had ____13____ Shanshan, Xiongnu also sent messengers(使者) and a group of soldiers to the state. They spoke ____14____ of Ban to the king of Shanshan. The king was almost convinced(说服) by them. He began to show a cold attitude(态度) towards Ban’s group.When Ban saw this, he called together his soldiers and said to ____15____, “Now we are in a very dangerous situation. The Shanshan king is no longer treating us in a ____16____ manner(态度). If we don’t do anything, he may ____17____ us over to the Huns. In this case, we will neither be able to complete our task nor return alive.“What should we do now?” asked the soldiers.“We will all ____18____ you!The general said, “The Huns have ____19____ soldiers than we do and the Shanshan king is likely to support them. Our task is as difficult as stealing a ____20____ tiger from a group of adult tigers. If we don’t venture(冒险) into their cave, how can we achieve our goal? We have no ____21____ but to attack and kill all of the soldiers at the Huns army camp when they slept."____22____, Ban led his soldiers secretly to the Huns’ camp. There, he set fire and beat the war drums loudly. The Hun soldiers were very ____23____. After a fierce battle(激战), Ban’s army killed more than 100 ____24____.The next day, Ban met with the king of Shanshan. The king admired(钦佩) Ban’s bravery ____25____ he feared Ban at the same time. He immediately signed a peace treaty(条约) with Ban.11.A.experience B.method C.trouble D.purpose12.A.behind B.with C.about D.under13.A.arrived in B.went through C.walked past D.returned from 14.A.badly B.highly C.warmly D.coldly15.A.us B.him C.you D.them16.A.deadly B.silly C.friendly D.lovely17.A.hand B.look C.get D.think18.A.listen to B.hear from C.look at D.make friends with 19.A.less B.more C.fewer D.weaker20.A.silk B.baby C.paper D.crayon21.A.chance B.change C.choice D.challenge22.A.In the morning B.In the afternoon C.At noon D.At night23.A.relaxed B.excited C.frightened D.interested 24.A.enemies B.horses C.guests D.teams25.A.and B.but C.or D.so03(2022年重庆市第一中学校中考三模英语试题)In the Warring States Period, there were many shining names in the river of the history. Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were among them. Both of them were generals of the State of Zhao. They both contributed a lot to their country. Lian Po was good at fighting against enemies in the war while Lin Xiangru was strong in providing wise suggestions for the king.One day, Lin Xiangru took a lot of trouble to get a valuable jade(璧) back for the king.Then the king highly praised him. Lian Po feIt unhappy and said, “I’ll make Lin Xiangru feel ashamed and foolish the next time I meet him.” Lin Xiangru heard of this from others. In order not to cause trouble, he tried his best to avoid meeting Lian Po. Because Lin Xiangru put benefit of the country first, he thought that any trouble between him and Lian Po would be used by the enemy of their country. So he kept silent.Later when Lian Po realized his mistake, he was so ashamed that he went to Lin Xiangru’s home carrying brambles on his back and asked for punishment. Lin Xiangru welcomed him warmly and considered him as his best friend.26.Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were both ________.A.kings B.soldiers C.generals D.enemies27.After hearing what Lian Po said from others, Lin Xiangru ________.A.said sorry to Lian Po B.told the kingC.kept silent D.visited Lian Po28.According to the passage, it is TRUE that ________.A.the king preferred Lian Po to Lin XiangruB.Lian Po didn’t realize his mistake at lastC.Lian Po got a valuable jade back for the kingD.Lin Xiangru put benefit of the country first29.Which picture best describes the story? ________A.B.C.D.04(2022年江苏省盐城市滨海县第一初级中学中考三模英语试题)During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister(宰相)Feng Deyi to recommend talented people. However, several months passed. Feng didn’t recommend anyone.“I tried my best, but there are not unusual and well-rounded(全面发展的)people at all.”Feng said. “People are like utensils(器物). What we need to do is to make good use of their strengths. You should blame yourself for not noticing talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our era?”said the emperor.Indeed, each utensil or tool has a specific function. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to pick up food. We can’t use a knife as a chopstick. Like a utensil, each person has a particular strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything.With this idea in mind, Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He offered them important positions, which helped them make the most of their talents. His talented peoplehelped the society develop and created a “golden age”.A good example is Ma Zhou, who grew up in a poor family. Ma gave a lot of useful advice, so Emperor Taizong offered him a position and promoted(晋升)him many times. Ma helped the emperor deal with complicated issues and became a well-known person in history.As long as a person is talented in one aspect, we should give them a chance. The same idea can be found in the Analets of Confucus(《论语》). Treating people as utensils shows not only good leadership, but a sincere and inclusive attitude.30.Why couldn’t Feng Deyi find any talented people at first?A.There were no talented people then.B.He was afraid of being replaced.C.He tried to find well-rounded people.D.He was dissatisfied with the emperor.31.Ma Zhou is a good example of people who ________.A.have no talent but are still useful B.are unusual and well-roundedC.know when to take a chance D.show talent in the right field32.What can we learn from the story?A.Chance favors only the prepared mind.B.Many hands make light work.C.Where there is a will, there is a way.D.Talented people should be valued and led to the right place.05(2022·辽宁鞍山·三模)阅读短文,选择方框里的词并用其适当的形式填空,使短文意思完整,通顺。
中国古代有名故事英文版
中国古代有名故事英文版1. "The Butterfly Lovers" (梁山伯与祝英台)Once upon a time in ancient China, there were two young individuals named Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai. Liang was a scholar from a poor family, while Zhu was a wealthy girl who disguised herself as a man to attend school. They became close friends and studied together for three years.During this time, Liang developed strong feelings for Zhu without realizing she was a girl. As they prepared to part ways, Zhu finally revealed her true identity and told Liang about her love for him. However, their love was forbidden due to their different social statuses.Liang later became seriously ill and passed away. On the day of his funeral, Zhu came to his grave and begged for it to open. As she laid down on the grave, it split open, and Zhu jumped into it, embracing Liang's body. The two spirits transformed into a pair of beautiful butterflies, never to be separated again.2. "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl" (牛郎织女)In ancient China, there was a young cowherd named Niu Lang, who lived alone with a cow and an old buffalo. One day, the cow revealed itself to be an immortal being, and Niu Lang was granted a pair of magical cowhide shoes that could enable him to fly. Meanwhile, in the heavens, the heavenly king's seventh daughter, Zhinü, also known as the Weaver Girl, was tired of her divine duties. She decided to escape to Earth disguised as a human. There,she met Niu Lang, and they fell deeply in love. They got married and had two children.However, when the heavenly king discovered Zhinü's escape, he was enraged. He ordered his soldiers to bring her back to the heavens, but Niu Lang was determined to follow her. With the help of his magical cowhide shoes, Niu Lang chased after the soldiers.The heavenly king, moved by their love, allowed them to meet once a year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. On this day, magpies form a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, symbolizing their eternal love.3. "Journey to the West" (西游记)"Journey to the West" is a famous Chinese novel written during the Ming Dynasty. It tells the story of a Buddhist monk named Xuanzang and his disciples' journey to retrieve sacred Buddhist scriptures from India.The monk, accompanied by three infamous disciples – Sun Wukong, the Monkey King; Zhu Bajie, the pig demon; and Sha Wujing, a reformed river ogre – faces numerous challenges and battles against various demons and mythical creatures along the way.Throughout their treacherous journey, the monk and his disciples learn valuable lessons about friendship, loyalty, and personal growth. They overcome their flaws and become true heroes, contributing to the spread of Buddhism in China.These are just a few of the many beloved ancient Chinese stories. Each tale teaches important morals and values while capturing the cultural essence of ancient China.。
十个中国成语故事的典故英文版
十个中国成语故事的典故英文版十个中国成语故事的典故英文版一郑人买履A man of the state of Zheng wanted to buy a pair of shoes. He measured his foot and put the measurement on a chair. When he set out for the market he forgot to bring it along. It was after he had found the pair he wanted that this occurred to him.I forgot the measurement, said he.He went home to get it but when he returned the market had broken up and he did not get his shoes after all.Why didn't you try on the shoes with your feet?He was asked.I 'd rather trust the measurement than trust myself.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版二东施效颦Xi Shi, a famous beauty, had a pain in her bosom(胸部) , so she had a frown on her face when she went out. An ugly girl who lived nearby saw her and thought she looked very beautiful. therefore when she went home, she also put her hands on her bosom and had a frown on her face.When a rich man in the neighbourhood saw her, he shut his doorstightly and did not go out. When a poor man saw her, he took his wife and children and gave her a wide berth(保持安全距离) .She only knew Xi Shi's frown looked beautiful but she did not know the reason for its beauty.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版三专心致志Yi Qiu was known as the most famous expert at chess throughout the land. Once he gave lessons on chess to two men. One of them was netpletely absorbed in his teaching, listening attentively to Yi Qiuwhile the other, who seemed to be listening, had his mind on something else. In fact, he was having a fancy that a swan was flying towards him and he had in his hands a bow and an arrow, ready to shoot. As a result, though he was having the same lesson together with the first man, yet he turned out a much inferior(差的,自卑的) pupil.If one does not give single-hearted devotion to it, no skills will be learned.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版四买椟还珠A man from the state of Chu wanted to sell a precious pearl in the state of Zheng. He made a casket(小箱,棺材) for the pearl out of the wood from a magnolia(木兰) tree, which he fumigated(熏制) with spices. He studded the casket with pearls and jade, ornamented it with red gems and decorated it with kingfisher(翠鸟) feathers. A man of the state of Zheng bought the casket and gave him back the pearl.Too luxuriant(丰富的,奢华的) decoration usually supersedes(取代) what really counts. This man from Chu certainly knew how to sell a casket but he was no good at selling his pearl. And the man of Zheng didn't know which is really valuable.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版五万事俱备只欠东风China has been divided into three kingdoms historically: Wei in the north, Shu in the southwest and Wu in the southeast.Once Cao Cao from Wei led a 200,000 strong army down to the south to wipe out the kingdoms of Wu and Shu. Therefore, Wu and Shu united to defend his attack. Cao ordered his men to link up the boats by iron chains to form a bridge for the Cao's passing from the north bank of Yangtze River to the south bank. The General Commander of the allied army was Zhou Yu. He analyzed the situation carefully. Then he got a good idea. He decided to attack the enemy with fire. So he began to prepare for the neting battle. Suddenly he thought of the direction of wind. He needed the east wind to blow strongly in order to acnetplish his scheme. However, the wind did not nete for days. Thus Zhou Yu was worried about it. At that time, he got a note from Zhuge Liang, the military adviser of the State of Shu, which reads:"To fight Cao CaoFire will help you winEverything is readyExcept the east wind"Quickly he turned to Zhuge Liang for help. Zhuge told him not to worry and there would be an east wind in a couple of days. Two days later, the east wind helped Zhou acnetplish his scheme. At last, the allied army won the war.Later, people use it to say "All is ready except what is crucial".十个中国成语故事的典故英文版六相敬如宾During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), there was a high official in the State of Jin. He once saw a farmer working in the field and his wife bringing his lunch to him in a very respectful manner. He showed great interest in the matter. He took the farmer back to Jin with him, and said to the King of Jin, "Respect is a demonstration of virtue. If one is respectful, he must be virtuous. We should educate our people with virtue." But the King asked, "His father is guilty, is it wise to do so?" He replied, "Guan Zhong had been enemy to the Duke Huan of Qi, but the duke appointed Guan Zhong prime minister and finally acnetplished his hegemony. Shun exiled Gun but promoted his son Yu. You just make use of his strong points." At last, Duke Wen took his advice and put the farmer in an important position.Later, this idiom means a couple treats each other with respect like guests.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版七入木三分Wang Xi-zhi is one of the most famous calligraphers(书法家) during the Eastern Jin Dynasty of China. When he was very young, he practiced his art every day and never stopped.Later he absorbed the strong points of all the other schools of calligraphy, and developed his own unique style of writing. Becauseof his achievements, he has been honored as one of China's sages of calligraphy. One time, Wang Xi-zhi sketched in wood for an engraver to cut. Then the engraver found the ink had penetrated one centimeter into the wood."Ru Mu San Fen" is got from this story, which means the calligraphy is penetrating.Now it is often used to describe expressing sharp ideas or profound views.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版八一技之长Gong sun Long , is a famous scholar lived in the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period (475-221BC). He had kept a circle skilled people around him. He often said, "A wise man should welnete anyone with a specialty."One day, a man dressed in tattered(破烂的) and dirty clothes came to see him and said to him:" I have a special skill. "Gong asked: "What is it?""I have a loud voice and I'm good at shouting."Then Gong turned to his followers and asked," Who is good at shouting?" But none of them answered "Yes ". So the scholar took the man in.Some days later, Gong and his followers went on a trip. They came to a wide river and found the ferryboat was on the other side of the river. All of them had no idea. Suddenly, Gong thought of the shouting expert and turned to him, "Can you have a try?" The man realized it was the chance to show his skill. He shouted to the ferryman as loud as he could, "Hey, ferryman, nete here, we want to cross the river." As his voice ended, the ferryman came to fetch them. Gong was very satisfied with the new follower.Later, people use it to describe anyone who has a special professional skill.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版九叶公好龙In the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived in Chu a person named Chu Zhuliang, who addressed himself as "Lord Ye".It's said that this Lord Ye was very fond of dragons. The walls had dragons painted on them. The beams, pillars, doors and the windows were all carved with them. As a result, his love for dragons was spread out. When the real dragon in heaven heard of this Lord Ye, he was deeply moved. He decided to visit Lord Ye to thank him.You might think Lord Ye was very happy to see a real dragon. But, actually, at very the sight of the creature, he was scared out of his wits and ran away as fast as he could.From then on, people knew that Lord Ye only loved pictures or carvings which look like dragons, not the real thing.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版十望梅止渴Among the outstanding figures of Chinese history, famous either for their intelligence or treachery(背叛,变节), Cao Cao is one of the foremost.One hot day, he marched out his troops under a burning sun in a mountainous area. Bewilderingly(令人困惑地) he lost the way. The journey was long and the sun was scorching. After their fruitless and tiresome march, all voiced their great dissatisfaction with the leadership of Cao Cao. They bitterly complained of their great thirst. The antagonism(对抗) of the soldiers was growing fast and they were on the verge of staging a mutiny(兵变). The subordinate officers were helpless to cope with the situation.Cao Cao, however, in the nick of time cleverly and treacherously gave orders to his troops to march to the nearby plum trees for a rest and announced that soldiers would be allowed to eat the juicy sour(酸的) fruit as much as they desired.At the thought of the sour fruit the soldiers' complaint of great thirst as well as the antagonistic feeling were quickly forgotten.Based on the story the later generation formed the proverb "to quench one's thirst by looking up at plums", to illustrate a case where one takes comfort in believing that they have already attained that which was expected or desired.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版。
管鲍之交典故英语作文
管鲍之交典故英语作文Title: The Friendship of Guan and Bao - An Ancient Chinese TaleIn the annals of history, few tales of friendship are as revered and celebrated as that of Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya. This enduring story, which originates from ancient China, not only exemplifies the virtues of loyalty and mutual support but also serves as a timeless lesson on the essence of true friendship.The narrative unfolds during the turbulent times of the Spring and Autumn period in Chinese history. Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya were two individuals whose lives were intertwined by fate and circumstance. Despite their different social standings, with Guan being of humble origin and Bao coming from a wealthy family, they forged a bond that transcended societal norms and economic disparities.Their friendship was put to the test when they both vied for the same official position. Jealous competitors sought to drive a wedge between them, but their plots only served to strengthen the bond between Guan and Bao. In one notable episode, GuanZhong was captured by enemy forces. Undeterred by personal risk, Bao Shuya single-handedly rescued his friend from certain death, thereby proving his unwavering loyalty and commitment to their friendship.Perhaps the most poignant demonstration of their camaraderie occurred when Bao Shuya fell gravely ill. Moved by concern for his friend's well-being, Guan Zhong offered to care for Bao, understanding the depth of his illness. Legend has it that Guan Zhong, out of compassion, tasted Bao's pus-filled boils to ascertain their ripeness for drainage, thereby ensuring his friend's suffering was minimized. This selfless act underscored the depth of their friendship and Guan's willingness to go beyond conventional boundaries to support his companion.The bond between Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya is not merely a relic of the past; it resonates with timeless relevance. Their story illustrates that true friendship endures through trials and tribulations, overcoming obstacles with courage and compassion. It teaches us that genuine connections are forged not by superficial similarities or convenience but by mutual respect, understanding, and a willingness to go to great lengths for each other's sake.In conclusion, the friendship of Guan and Bao stands as an eternal beacon of trust and brotherhood. Their story, while rooted in ancient Chinese lore, holds universal appeal and continues to inspire people across cultures and generations. As we navigate the complexities of our own relationships, the example set by Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya reminds us of the transformative power of friendship and the unyielding spirit it kindles within the human heart.。
英语典故80个
英语典故80个1.Achilles'heel-A person's weak point.(Achilles was a hero in Greekmythology,only his heel was vulnerable.)2.Adam's apple-The lump in the throat.(Related to the story of Adamin the Bible.)3.Bury the hatchet-To make peace.(Native American custom ofburying a weapon as a sign of peace.)4.Castle in the air-An unrealistic or impractical plan.5.Catch-22-A situation where one is trapped by contradictory rules.(From the novel"Catch-22".)6.Cry wolf-To give false alarms.(Aesop's fable about the boy whocried wolf.)7.Damocles'sword-An impending danger.(In Greek legend,Damoclessat under a sword suspended by a single hair.)8.Don't count your chickens before they are hatched-Don't be toooptimistic prematurely.(Aesop's fable.)9.Eat crow-To be forced to admit one's mistake.10.Eleventh hour-The last moment.(Biblical reference.)11.Fool's paradise-A state of false happiness.12.Go the extra mile-To make an extra effort.(Biblical reference.)13.Good Samaritan-A person who helps others in need.(Biblicalparable.)14.Gordian knot-A difficult problem.(In Greek myth,the knot thatcould only be cut.)15.Herculean task-A very difficult job.(Referring to Hercules in Greekmythology.)16.In the limelight-In the public eye.(Originated from the use oflimelight in theaters.)17.Judas kiss-A betrayal.(Referring to Judas'kiss to identify Jesus inthe Bible.)18.Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs-To destroy a source ofwealth.(Aesop's fable.)19.Let the cat out of the bag-To reveal a secret.20.Man Friday-A loyal servant or helper.(From"Robinson Crusoe".)21.Nest egg-Savings.22.Open Pandora's box-To cause many problems.(In Greek mythology,Pandora opened a box releasing all evils.)23.Penelope's web-Endless work.(In Greek myth,Penelope undid herweaving each night.)24.Procrustean bed-Forcing someone or something to fit into anunnatural standard.(In Greek myth.)25.Rain cats and dogs-To rain heavily.26.Red-letter day-A special or important day.27.Scapegoat-A person blamed for the mistakes of others.(Biblicalreference.)28.Screw one's courage to the sticking-place-To summon up one'scourage.(From Shakespeare.)29.Sour grapes-Pretending not to want something one can't have.(Aesop's fable.)30.Stick to one's guns-To hold firmly to one's beliefs.31.Take the bull by the horns-To face a difficult situation bravely.32.The apple of one's eye-Something or someone very precious.(Biblical reference.)33.The Midas touch-The ability to make money easily.(In Greek myth,King Midas turned everything he touched to gold.)34.Throw in the towel-To give up.(Boxing term.)35.Titanic struggle-A huge and difficult struggle.(Referring to theTitans in Greek mythology.)36.Trojan horse-A deceptive trick.(In Greek myth,the wooden horseused to enter Troy.)37.Turn a blind eye-To pretend not to see.38.Under the rose-Secretly.(Symbol from Roman mythology.)39.Wet blanket-A person who spoils the fun.40.White elephant-Something useless and costly.(In Thai culture,awhite elephant was a burden.)41.All Greek to me-Something that is completely incomprehensible.(Referring to the complexity of the Greek language.)42.Augean stables-A place or situation full of corruption or filth.(InGreek mythology,Hercules had to clean the Augean stables.)43.Baker's dozen-Thirteen.(Originated from bakers adding an extraitem to a dozen to avoid penalties.)44.Between Scylla and Charybdis-Caught between two equallydangerous situations.(From Greek mythology.)45.Blue moon-A rare occurrence.46.By the skin of one's teeth-Just barely.(Biblical reference.)47.Can't see the forest for the trees-Focusing too much on details andmissing the big picture.48.Cross the Rubicon-To take an irrevocable step.(Julius Caesar's actof crossing the Rubicon river.)49.Dead as a doornail-Completely dead.50.Devil's advocate-A person who argues against something just for thesake of argument.51.Dutch courage-False courage gained from alcohol.52.El Dorado-A place of great wealth.(Mythical city in SouthAmerica.)53.Fiddle while Rome burns-To be indifferent in a time of crisis.(Referring to Nero in Rome.)54.Flea market-A market selling second-hand goods.(Originated fromthe French"marchéaux puces".)55.Fly in the ointment-A small problem that spoils something.56.Gild the lily-To add unnecessary ornamentation.57.Go to Davy Jones'locker-To die at sea.(Davy Jones is a mythicalfigure in nautical lore.)58.Grin like a Cheshire cat-To smile broadly.(From"Alice inWonderland".)59.Half-baked-Not fully developed or thought-out.60.Happy-go-lucky-Carefree.61.Hobson's choice-No real choice at all.(From Thomas Hobson,whooffered only one option.)62.In the doldrums-In a state of inactivity or depression.(Referring tothe doldrums in the ocean.)63.Jack-of-all-trades-A person who can do many different things butmay not be an expert in any.64.Jekyll and Hyde-A person with two very different personalities.(From the novel"The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde".) 65.Jump the gun-To start too early.(Originated from track and fieldevents.)66.Keep one's powder dry-To be prepared.(Referring to gunpowder.)67.Kick the bucket-To die.dy Macbeth effect-The feeling of guilt after immoral behavior.(From"Macbeth".)zy Susan-A rotating tray.70.Left-handed compliment-A compliment that is actually an insult.71.Lock,stock,and barrel-Entirely.72.Make a mountain out of a molehill-To exaggerate a small problem.73.Mumbo-jumbo-Nonsense.74.Narcissus complex-Excessive self-love.(Referring to Narcissus inGreek mythology.)75.Odd man out-The person or thing that is different from the others.76.Olive branch-A symbol of peace.(Biblical reference.)77.Pandora's hope-A glimmer of hope in a difficult situation.(Incontrast to Pandora's box.)78.Pie in the sky-An unrealistic hope or promise.79.Primrose path-A path of ease and pleasure that may lead to trouble.80.Raining buckets-To rain very heavily.。
英语典故中文版(超全)
1、Adam’s apple亚当的苹果男人的喉结the protruding part in a man’s throatAccording to the Bible, when deceived by the serpent, Eve and Adam ate the apple and the latter was choked by the forbidden fruit. Since then, there has been a protruding part in men’s throat, which is one of the primary physical differences between males and females.据《圣经·旧约·创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)第2章记载,上帝按自己的模样造了亚当(Adam),见亚当孤单,就趁亚当熟睡从他身上取下一根肋骨,造成成一一个女人——夏娃(Eve),亚当和夏娃从此无忧无虑地生活在伊甸园里(Garden of Eden),后来夏娃禁不住化身为蛇(serpent)的魔鬼撒旦(Satan, the Devil)的诱惑,偷吃了知善恶树上的果子,她也让亚当吃了,亚当从来没吃过这样的果子,来不及细嚼慢咽,结果果核卡在喉咙里,吐不出咽不下,从此果核就留在亚当的喉咙里,这就是男人的喉结,从此,亚当的子子孙孙无一幸免,只有女儿家没有。
所以,在英语里,人们用“亚当的苹果”(Adam’s apple)表示“男人的喉结”。
上帝怕亚当和夏娃像他一样聪明和长寿,怕他们再吃生命树上的果子,就把他们逐出伊甸园。
上帝罚男人常年劳作,却收获极少;罚女人忍受分娩的痛苦;罚蛇用肚皮在地上爬,终生吃土。
2、Adam’s profession亚当的职业;园艺业;农业。
agriculture, gardening据《圣经·旧约·创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)第2章记载,上帝在东方的伊甸设立了一个园子,称为伊甸园(Garden of Eden),把他造的人(亚当)安置在里面,让他照料看守这园子(And the Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to tend and keep it.)。
三十六计英语小故事
三十六计中的小故事1. Empty city meter:During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang invaded the north to the Central Plains, but the food and grass were insufficient, so he came up with an empty city. He asked people to open the gate on the wall and then sat on the wall. Sima Yi's army saw this and thought there was an ambush in the city, so they withdrew.2. Beauty trap:During the Spring and Autumn Period, Goujian, the king of Yue, was defeated by Fu Chai, the king of Wu. He sent Xi Shi to the king of Wu with a beautiful plan to kill Fu Chai's energy and make him indulge in beauty. Finally, Goujian slept on brushwood and tasted gall, successful revenge.3. Take the top:During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Xian of the Jin Dynasty wanted to attack the State of Yu, but he worried that the journey was long and the military supply was insufficient. At this time, someone suggested finding out the three ways to attack the state of Yu from the map, one of which was throughTu Shan, but needed to pass the temple of the king of the Xia Dynasty. Duke Xian of Jin thought this was unlucky, so he chose the other two roads. Later, Duke Xian of Jin learned that Tu Road was the best route, but because he had announced the other two roads, he did not change. At this time, someone reminded Duke Xian of Jin that he could use the best trick. Duke Xian of Jin adopted this suggestion and finally succeeded in attacking the State of Yu.。
英语里关于星期的典故故事
智课网SAT备考资料
英语里关于星的典故故事
在英语里,一周七天各有其名,除了星期六(Saturday)来源于罗马 的萨图恩神(saturn)以外,其余六天的名字都来源于北方诸神。 在中国,一周七天,我们分别称之为星期一、星期二……或者周一 、周二……是以数字来表示的,而在英语里,七天各有其名,这是盎格 鲁萨克森人为纪念他们崇拜的神而命名的。盎格鲁萨克森人——公元五 世纪,原居北欧的日耳曼部落入侵不列颠,他们当中包括盎格鲁人(Ang les)、萨克森人(Saxons),朱特人(Jutes)。而盎格鲁人定居的地方就是 现在的英格兰。 除了星期六(Saturday)来源于罗马的萨图恩神(saturn)以外,其余 六天的名字都来源于北方诸神。 星期日:Sunday,the day of the Sun,“太阳日”。对基督徒而 言,星期日是“安息日”,因为耶稣复活的日子是在星期日。约在西元 三百年左右,欧洲教会和政府当局开始明订星期日为休息的日子,直到 今日,世界上大多数的国家都以Sunday为星期例假日。 星期一:Monday,the day of the Moon,从Moonday发展至现在的Monday,“月亮日”。 星期二:Tuesday,源于Tiwesday,“战神日”。Tiw是北欧神话 里的战神,正如同罗马神话里的战神Mars一样。在北欧神话中不叫Tiw 而叫Tyr。相传在他的那个时代,有一狼精经常出来扰乱世界,为了制 服狼精,Tyr的一只手也被咬断了。 星期三:Wednesday,源于Woden’s day,“Woden”是风暴 之神,“风神日”。Woden是北欧诸神之父。为制服狼精而牺牲自己 一只手的Tyr,就是他的儿子。 Woden领导神族跟巨人族作战,他曾牺牲自己锐利的右眼,跟巨 人族换取“智慧”的甘泉。他也曾深入地层,从巨人族那里偷取“诗” 的美酒。西方人为了追念这位主神,就根据他的名字创造了Wednesda y这个字。 星期四:Thursday,是为了纪念雷神(Thor)而命名的。故星期四又 称为“雷神日”。红头发的雷神索尔(星期四的来源)是主神奥丁的儿子 ,他戴着一副特殊的绶带和手套,具有超人的力量,能够把岩石击碎。
2则关于英语名言引喻的典故
2则关于英语名言引喻的典故推荐文章有关英语名言引喻的典故热度:关于等待的英语名言引喻典故热度:关于安全用电的名言警句热度:励志名言周恩来的爱国名言名句热度:关于创新的名言句子_创新的名言警句热度:运用典故,是古诗词中常用的一种表现方法,其主要特点是借助一些历史人物、神话传说、寓言故事等来表达自己的某种愿望或情感。
典故用得适当,可以收到很好的修辞效果。
以下是店铺给大家整理的英语名言引喻的典故,希望能帮到你!all i know is that i know nothing我只知道我什么都不知道出处与含义:出自古希腊哲学家苏格拉底(Socrates,公元前470-399)。
最初用于哲学上的不可知论,后来人们用此表示谦虚或幽默的表示自己不了解某一情况。
例句:Pierre again said to himself."all we can know is that we know nothing,and that's the height of human wisdom."彼尔又自言自语道,“我们所能知道的不过时我们什么也不知道,这是人类智慧的顶点。
”(托尔斯泰《战争与和平》)all i know is what i read in the paper我所知的一切都是我在报上读到的出处与含义:这是美国幽默作家威尔.罗杰斯(will rogers 1897-1975)于1923年在《纽约时报》上说的一句名言。
1926年5月21日他写给总统的信里也使用了这一说法。
使用这一说法的人表示自己是个很可靠的人,一个都有根有据。
一个人想推卸责任,“别怪我!资料上是这么写的!”也可以这么说。
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Helen of Troy 直译“特洛伊的海伦”,源自源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。
Helen是希腊的绝世佳人,美艳无比,嫁给希腊南部邦城斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯(Menelaus)为妻。
后来,特洛伊王子帕里斯奉命出事希腊,在斯巴达国王那里做客,他在爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂的帮助下,趁着墨涅俄斯外出之际,诱走海伦,还带走了很多财宝此事激起了希腊各部族的公愤,墨涅俄斯发誓说,宁死也要夺回海轮,报仇雪恨。
为此,在希腊各城邦英雄的赞助下,调集十万大军和1180条战船,组成了希腊联军,公推墨涅俄斯的哥哥阿枷门农(Agamemnon)为联军统帅,浩浩荡荡,跨海东征,攻打特洛伊城,企图用武力夺回海轮。
双方大战10年,死伤无数,许多英雄战死在沙场。
甚至连奥林匹斯山的众神也分成2个阵营,有些支持希腊人,有些帮助特洛伊人,,彼此展开了一场持久的恶斗。
最后希腊联军采用足智多谋的奥德修斯(Odusseus)的“木马计”,里应外合才攻陷了特洛伊。
希腊人进城后,大肆杀戮,帕里斯王子也被杀死,特洛伊的妇女、儿童全部沦为奴隶。
特洛伊城被掠夺一空,烧成了一片灰烬。
战争结实后,希腊将士带着大量战利品回到希腊,墨涅俄斯抢回了美貌的海轮重返故土。
这就是特洛伊战争的起因和结局。
正是由于海轮,使特洛伊遭到毁灭的悲剧,真所谓“倾国倾城”,由此产生了Helen of Troy这个成语。
特洛伊战争的真实性,已为19世纪德国考古学家谢里曼在迈锡尼发掘和考证古代特洛伊古城废墟所证实。
至于特洛伊城被毁的真正原因,虽然众说纷纭,但肯定决不是为了一个美女而爆发这场战争的,与其说是为了争夺海轮而打了起来,毋宁说是为了争夺该地区的商业霸权和抢劫财宝而引起战争的。
所谓“特洛伊的海伦”,实质上是财富和商业霸权的化身。
中国历史上也有过“妲己亡商”,“西施沼吴”等传说,以及唐明皇因宠杨贵妃而招致“安史之乱”,吴三桂“冲冠一怒为红颜”等说法。
汉语中有个“倾国倾城”的成语(语出《汉书·外戚传》:“一顾倾人城,再顾倾人国‘。
)这里的”倾“字一语双光,既可指美艳非凡,令人倾倒;也可纸倾覆邦国。
其含义与Helen of troy十分近似。
在现代英语中,Helen of Troy这个成语,除了表示a beautiful girl or woman;a beauty who ruins her country等意义外,还可以用来表示a terrible disaster brought by sb or sth you like best的意思。
g:It is unfair that historians always attribute the fall of kingdoms to Helen of Troy.She didn't think of the beautiful umbrella bought the day before should become a Helen of Troy in her family.Because of this she and her husband quarreled for a long time.To meet Waterloo(倒霉,受毁灭性打击,灭顶之灾)滑铁卢是一代天骄拿破仑遭受残败的地方。
遭遇滑铁卢,对一个人来说,后果不堪设想。
无怪据说二战期间,在准备诺曼底反攻时,温斯顿·丘吉尔和随员冒雨去某地开会,其随员因路滑而摔了一跤,脱口说一句“To meet Waterloo!”丘吉尔竟联想到拿破仑兵败滑铁卢的典故,恼怒地斥责他:“胡说!我要去凯旋门呢!”It's Greek to me.(我不知道)英国人一般都不懂希腊语。
这句话的直译是:对于我这是希腊语。
自然是不明白的意思。
Greek Kalends(幽默,诙谐方式表达的永远不)Kalends是罗马日历的第一天。
古希腊不用罗马日历,永远不会有这一天。
Castle in Spain(西班牙城堡,幻想,梦想。
相当于汉语中的空中楼阁)中世纪某一时期,西班牙是一个颇富浪漫色彩的国家,这句成语是和Castle in air(空中城堡)相齐名的。
Set the Thames on fire(火烧泰晤士河,这是何等伟大的壮举)但是这句成语经常是反其义应用,指那些人对某事只是夸下海口,而不是真正想去做。
From China to Peru(从中国到秘鲁)它的意义非常明白,指从世界的这一边到世界的那一边,相当于汉语的远隔重洋。
Between Scylla and Charybdis(锡拉和卡津布迪斯之间———在两个同样危险的事物之间:一个人逃出一种危险,而又落入另一种危险)锡拉是传说中生活在意大利岩石的怪兽,卡津布迪斯是住在海峡中一端经常产生旋涡的另一个怪兽。
水手为了躲避其中一个的危害,而常又落入另一个灾难。
意大利这一方的海角叫凯尼斯(Caenys),西西里岛那一方的海角叫皮罗鲁姆(Pelorum)。
Spoil Egyptians(掠夺埃及———迫使敌人提供自己所需要的东西)源于圣经:上帝答应摩西,埃及人必须借给以色列他们所需要的东西。
Do in Rome as Romans Do(在罗马,就按罗马人的方式办)和我们的入乡随俗的意思一样。
Carry Coals to Newcastle(把煤送到纽卡斯尔)把某种东西送到一个人们根本不需要的地方。
纽卡斯尔盛产煤,送煤到那里,岂不是多此一举。
有趣的是法国也有类似的成语“del'eau a la riviere(送水到大河里)。
”A Penelope's Web亦作The Web of Penelope故意拖延的策略;永远做不完的工作A Penelope's Web或The Web of Penelope,直译为“珀涅罗珀的织物”,典故出自荷马史诗《奥德赛》卷2.这部史诗的主人公奥德修斯是希腊半岛西南边伊大卡岛(Ithaca)的国王,他有个美丽而忠诚的旗子,名叫珀涅罗珀。
奥德修斯随希腊联军远征特洛伊,十年苦战结束后,希腊将士纷纷凯旋归国。
惟独奥德修斯命运坎坷,归途中又在海上漂泊了10年,历尽无数艰险,并盛传他已葬身鱼腹,或者客死异域。
正当他在外流浪的最后三年间,有一百多个来自各地的王孙公子,聚集在他家里,向他的妻子求婚。
坚贞不渝的珀涅罗珀为了摆脱求婚者的纠缠,想出个缓宾之策,她宣称等她为公公织完一匹做寿衣的布料后,就改嫁给他们中的一个。
于是,她白天织这匹布,夜晚又在火炬光下把它拆掉。
就这样织了又拆,拆了又织,没完没了,拖延时间,等待丈夫归来。
后来,奥德修斯终于回转家园,夫妻儿子合力把那些在他家里宴饮作乐,胡作非为的求婚者一个个杀死,终于夫妻团圆了。
由于这个故事,英语中的Penelope一词成了a chaste woman(贞妇)的同义词,并产生了with a penelope faith(坚贞不渝)这个短语。
而A Penelope's Web这个成语比喻the tactics of delaying sth on purposel;the task that can never be finished的意思eg:Mr Jones made a long speech at the meeting.Everyone else thought it a Penelope's web.My work is something like the Penelope's web,never done,but ever in hand.Swan Song最后杰作;绝笔Swan Song字面译做“天鹅之歌”,源于希腊成语Kykneion asma.天鹅,我国古代叫鹄,是一种形状似鹅而体形较大的稀有珍禽,栖息于海滨湖畔,能游善飞,全身白色。
因此,英语成语black swan,用以比喻稀有罕见的人或物,类似汉语成语“凤毛麟角”之意。
在古希腊神话中,阿波罗(Apollo)是太阳神、光明之神,由于他多才多艺,又是诗歌与音乐之神,后世奉他为文艺的保护神。
天鹅是阿波罗的神鸟,故常用来比喻文艺。
传说天鹅平素不唱歌,而在它死前,必引颈长鸣,高歌一曲,其歌声哀婉动听,感人肺腑。
这是它一生中唯一的,也是最后的一次唱歌。
因此,西方各国就用这个典故来比喻某诗人,作家,作曲家临终前的一部杰作,或者是某个演员,歌唱家的最后一次表演。
即 a last or farewell appearance;the last work before death之意;偶尔也可指某中最后残余的东西。
Swan Song是个古老的成语,源远流长。
早在公元前6世纪的古希腊寓言作家伊索(Aisopos)的寓言故事中,就有“天鹅临死才唱歌”的说法。
古罗马政治家、作家西塞罗(Cicero,公元前106-前43)在其《德斯肯伦别墅哲学谈》等论文中,就使用了“天鹅之歌”来比喻临死哀歌。
在英国,乔叟,莎士比亚等伟大诗人、剧作家,都使用过这个成语典故。
如:莎翁的著名悲剧《奥噻罗》(othello)中塑造的爱米莉霞的形象,她在生死关头勇敢得站出来揭穿其丈夫的罪行。
她临死时把自己比做天鹅,一生只唱最后一次歌。
eg:All the tickets have been sold for the singer's performance in London this week——the public clearly believes that this will be her swan songThe Tempest was W.Shakespeare's swan song in 1612 .8.Win/Gain Laurels获得荣誉;赢得声望Look to One's Laurels爱惜名声;保持记录Rest on One's Laurels坐享清福;光吃老本Laurel(月桂树)是一种可供观赏的常绿乔木,树叶互生,披针形或者长椭圆形,光滑发亮;花带黄色,伞形花序。
laurels指用月桂树叶编成的“桂冠”。
古代希腊人和罗马人用月桂树的树叶编成冠冕,献给杰出的诗人或体育竞技的优胜者,作为奖赏,以表尊崇。
这种风尚渐渐传遍整个欧洲,于是laurels代表victory,success和distincion.欧洲人这种习俗源远流长,可上朔到古希腊神话。
相传河神珀纳斯(Peneus)的女儿达佛涅(Daphne)长的风姿卓约,艳丽非凡。
太阳神阿波罗为她的美所倾倒,热烈追求她,但达佛涅自有所爱,总是逃避权利很大的太阳神的追求。
一天,他俩在河边相遇,达佛涅一见阿波罗,拔腿就跑,阿波罗在后边穷追不舍,达佛涅跑得疲乏不堪,情急之下只好请她父亲把她变成一株月桂树。