2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语考试
2009年同等学力英语真题
2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)PartⅠDialogue Communication (10 minutes，10 points，1 for each)（略）PartⅡVocabulary (20 minutes，10 points，0. 5 for each)Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11. The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one appropriate for thiscase can be rather difficult.A. plentifulB. sufficientC. adequateD. countable12. The newly elected president has pledged $ 13 million to the automobile industry for itssurvival.A. preparedB. promisedC. disposedD. delivered13. The Americans recognize that the UN can be the channel for greater diplomatic activity.A. mediumB. placeC. resortD. tunnel14. The growth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women to take advantageof job opportunities.A. catch up withB. make use ofC. cast light onD. get rid of15. Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.A. impressedB. amusedC. puzzledD. attracted16. Senator James Meeks has called off a boycott of Chicago Public Schools, organized to protestIllinois education funding system.A. reclaimedB. proposedC. canceledD. indulged17. The new book focuses on the concept that to achieve and maintain total health, people needphysical, social and emotional well-being.A. attainB. gainC. acquireD. gather18. The 16 percent fare increase would bring Chicago fares in line with those of other big cities.A. in agreement withB. in cooperation withC. in connection withD. in association with19. It is true that London is often sunless, damp and raw, though the occasional sunny days seemall the more attractive by contrast.A. mildB. chillyC. cloudyD. moist20. Like flowers that have been waiting all winter to blossom, tourists are eager to burst forthwith their cameras.A. surviveB. breezeC. bloomD. reviveSection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine- scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. A large______ of the sunlight never reaches the earth while infra-red heat given off by theearth is allowed to escape freely.A. rationB. proportionC. rateD. fraction22. It is amusing that she______ her father's bad temper as well as her mother's good looks.A. inheritedB. retainedC. preservedD. maintained23. ______ the few who have failed in their examination, all the other students in the hall are invery high spirits.A. In spite thatB. But forC. Apart fromD. For the sake of24. The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last______the attention of average Americans.A. clarifiedB. cultivatedC. characterizedD. captured25. Our neighbor Uncle Johnson is a stubborn man. Needless to say，we tried______ to make himchange his mind.A. in shortB. in secretC. in vainD. in danger26. The western media was astonished to see that China’s GDP______ by almost 40% just in twoyears’ time.A. flourishedB. floatedC. soaredD. roared27. Unemployment seems to be the______ social problem in this area and may undermine socialstability.A. prevalentB. primitiveC. previousD. premature28. Many people, when ill, see their doctors and ask them to______ something that will makethem fell better.A. describeB. prescribeC. reviseD. devise29. Facing growing costs and shrinking tax______, the government is now threatening to cutfunding for environmental protection programs.A. budgetB. collectionC. profitD. revenue30. Research shows heavy coffee drinking is______ a small increase in blood pressure, but notenough to increase the risk for high blood pressure.A. compared withB. associated withC. attributed toD. referred toPart ⅢReading Comprehension (45 minutes，30 points，1 for each)Directions:There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe other day my son asked me if he could ride up to his elementary school on his bike and meet his friend. He wanted the both of them to ride back to our house so they could play video games and jump on trampoline (蹦床）.I have to admit, part of me wanted to say no. We can go pick him up or his parents can bring him over here，I thought. But my son is eleven years old now. And after all，I do let him ride his bike to school. But I also drive my daughter to school and I can see him on the way, making sure he is getting there safely.My husband thinks I am too overprotective. I don’t dare to let my children walk anywhere without one of us going along. As you pull out of our neighborhood, there is a shopping center across the street. My son always asks if he can ride his bike or walk over to the drugstore by himself. But crossing that street is just too dangerous. The cars fly around the corner like they’re driving in a car race. What if he gets hit? What if some teenage bullies are hanging out in the parking lot?I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers around every corner. Too many kidnaps，too many sex offenders. I went online and discovered there are 41 sex offenders in my area alone.I honestly don’t think my mom worried about such things when her children were young.Growing up in the 1970s was indeed a different time. I never wore a helmet (头盗）when I rode a bike. We were all over the neighborhood, on our bikes and on foot, coming home for dinner and then back out again until dark. We rode in the back of the truck, didn’t wear seatbelts. I walked to and from school every day....31. What did the author fell reluctant to let her son do?A. Meet his friend.B. Play video games.C. Jump on the trampoline.D. Ride his bike on streets.32. What does the author mean when she says “But my son is eleven years old now”？A. He is old enough to be given some freedom now.B. He is a bit too young to go out alone.C. He has reached the legal age for riding a bike.D. He can’t protect himself from road hazards.33. Given her husband's attitude towards bringing up kids, he would most probably_____.A. drive his son to school to ensure safetyB. follow his son all the way to school and backC. give his son more freedom in deciding what to doD. ask the other boy’s parents to bring him over here34. Which of the following is NOT considered by the author as a potential threat to kids?A. Teenage bullies.B. The drugstore.C. Child abusers.D. Cars racing by.35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The social security back in the 1970s was no better than it is today.B. Today’s children enjoy more freedom than those in the 1970s.C. Children today are more obedient to their parents.D. Children in the 1970s enjoyed more freedom than those today.36. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?A. To compare today's social environment with that of the 1970s.B. To show her concern over the increasing crime rate in her neighborhood.C. To describe her hesitation as to how much freedom she should give her son.D. To express her worries about both safety and security in her area.Passage TwoAbout a century ago more people would not have appreciated the study of a foreign language as they do today. Gone are those days when patriotism towards one’s own language was major obstacle to learning foreign languages, a time when most nations were trying to throw their alien rulers out of their countries in their freedom struggles. Gone are those days when people were proud of their mother or father tongues and considered that their native languages alone will suffice the need to survive. Language skills today have become as important as other business and career skills like IT，vocational or professional skills. Thus learning a foreign language today has become essential for an individual whether it is for careers, growing a business, or even to make an impression.All that one needs to possess these days is a drive to learn a foreign language and there are all kinds of institutes and courses that teach various foreign languages like French, German, Spanish, and Japanese. Today’s world economy has bridged the barriers of race, sex, color and religion and the world has become a smaller place. Today’s businesses also demand language skills to expand and grow in other countries. Tens and hundreds of businesses world wide are expanding and growing their businesses by promoting them in countries other than their countries of origin. The tremendous growth of the Internet has further increased the demand for language skills. In Canada an official rule also says that all commercial establishments must have their websites created both in English and French, the official languages of the country.Language can also ease race and border barriers. You are more welcome in an alien nation if you know the language of the people there and can converse in their tongue. People in these countries immediately respect you and think you care about their culture as much as they do because in any culture language is the key identity.37. One of the reasons for not studying a foreign language in the past is______ .A. it was too difficultB. it was not allowedC. it was seen as disloyaltyD. it was taught by foreign rulers38. According to the article, which of the following is true?A. People’s language skills are better than in the past.B. Foreign language skills are of vital importance.C. It’s easier nowadays to learn a foreign language.D. People today are not proud of their native language.39. What does “to make an impression” (Paragraph 1) probably mean?A. To remember things.B. To express ideas.C. To show respect.D. To be liked by others.40. The world has become smaller because of______.A. business expansionB. the growth of the InternetC. a globalized economyD. the learning of foreign languages41. According to the article, the growth of the Internet requires______.A. more foreign language skillsB. more bilingual websitesC. better command of EnglishD. more commercial establishments42. People in a foreign country will treat you with more respect if you speak their language because______.A. they think you love their countryB. they think you understand their cultureC. it’s easier for them to communicate with youD. they believe you are a good language learnerPassage ThreeYou may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.In the supermarket，it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the “decompression zone”. People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is a bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people fell less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariable placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time”: the length of time people spend in a store.Traditionally retailers measure “footfall” as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays，a piece of technology can fill the gap : the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people’s phones at Gun wharf Quays, a large retail centre in Portsmouth not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1 % sales rose 1. 3%.Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces，involving emotion and memories，are clearly also at work.43. In Paragraph 2，”decompression zone” is the area meant to______ .A. offer shoppers a place to have a restB. prepare shoppers for the mood of buyingC. encourage shoppers to try new productsD. provide shoppers with discount information44. Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers______.A. common senseB. shopping habitsC. concerns with timeD. shopping psychology45. Path Intelligence uses a technology to______.A. count how many people enter a storeB. measure how long people stay at a storeC. find out what people buy in a storeD. monitor what people say and do in a store46. What happened at Gun wharf Quays showed that sales ______.A. was in direct proportion to dwell timeB. was reversely linked to dwell timeC. was affected more by footfall than by dwell timeD. was affected more by dwell time than by footfall47. The author argues that shoppers_______.A. exert more influence on stores than they imagineB. are more likely to make rational choices than they knowC. tend to make more emotional decisions than they thinkD. have more control over what they buy than they assume48. The best title for the passage is______.A. New Technology Boosts Stores’ SalesB. How Shoppers Make Choices in StoresC. Rational and Irrational Ways of ShoppingD. The Science behind Stores，ArrangementsPassage FourA very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control”. You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control”. “Death Control” is something rather different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who，not very long ago，would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce therate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land，we would each have about 50,000 square meters. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the world’s land cannot produce food.Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its “capital”一its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.49. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase?A. Birth explosion.B. Birth Control.C. Death Control.D. Technological innovations.50. The word “incurable” in Paragraph 2 means______.A. commonB. epidemicC. untreatableD. unknown51. There isn’t enough land to support human beings because______.A. there are more seas than land in the worldB. most of the world’s land is unusableC. the world’s land has already been taken upD. the world’s land is not distributed equally52. In Paragraph 4 the writer implies that fertile soils are______.A. limitedB. renewableC. productiveD. nonrenewable53. What does “to limit their reproduction” in the last paragraph mean?A. To control death.B. To produce less goods.C. To increase production.D. To practice birth control.54. What do you think the writer is really concerned about?A. Long life spans.B. Population increase.C. Overuse of resources.D. The success of “Death Control”Passage FiveAll day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices. Instantaneous perceptions set off neutral reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.Over the past few years, scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life. Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to publicattention than Malcolm Gladwell.Gladwell’s new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talented individuals. But in fact, it’s another book about deep patterns. Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who created their own success, he argues. They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.Gladwell’s noncontroversial claim is that some people have more opportunities than others. Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.Gladwell’s book is being received by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age. It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals. It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships, social bonds and cultures of achievement.Yet, I can’t help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries. They’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social forces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.Most successful people begin with two beliefs : the future can be better than the present ，and I have the power to make it so. They were often showered by good fortunes，but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will. These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention. Control of attention is the ultimate individual power. People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them. They can choose from the patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.GladwelT’s social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity. And it doesn’t fully explain the genuine greatness of humanity’s talents. As the classical philosophers understood, examples of individual greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.55. In Paragraph 2, “these deep patterns” refers to all of the following EXCEPT______.A. genesB. social dynamicsC. instantaneous perceptionsD. neutral reactions56. According to the author, GladwelT’s new book Outliers is mainly______.A. a descriptive study of exceptionally talented individualsB. about the importance of social arrangements to personal successC. to discuss why some people have more opportunities than othersD. to explain why Bill Gates is much luckier than others57. It can be seen from Paragraph 5 that Gladwell’s book______.A. has become quite influentialB. is beginning to influence Obama’s policiesC. has received severe criticismsD. assumes that people just pursue maximum profits58. According to the author, the most fundamental individual power is______.A. individual willB. control of attentionC. a good characterD. exceptional creativity59. The author believes that individual greatness is more closely related to______.A. social forces and genesB. good luck and educationC. individual character and creativityD. individual genes and good education60. This passage is probably a______.A. book reviewB. book reportC. political essayD. news reportPart ⅣCloze (15 minutes，15 points，1 for each)Directions:In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Nuclear energy is an efficient and convenient substitute for conventional forms of energy which were found in special geographical locations. Large amounts of 61 and effort are required to 62 these locations. Once the sites are found, men and equipment must be brought to tap and use these sources of energy. However，a large proportion of such sites are found only in far and 63 places. This increases the difficulties of 64 these forms of energy. With nuclear energy, such difficulties are not present. Nuclear reactors can easily be built anywhere，and man does not have to compete with the 65 of nature in order to obtain the energy. For equal amounts of energy, nuclear energy is much more convenient and inexpensive to obtain than conventional sources of energy.With nuclear energy, the amount of pollution is greatly reduced. 66 the production of nuclear energy is based on the fission (裂变）of atoms, pollution is kept to a very low level. The energy produced in the reactors is converted into heat and electricity, and these have 67 or no pollution at all. Conventional forms of fuel，68 ，produce large amounts of pollution.Production of nuclear energy uses the 69 of the fission of atoms；thus, 70 amounts of energy can be obtained from it. The world’s reserves of oil, coal and natural gas are running 71 at a tremendous rate and current estimates predict that 72 of the 21st century, most of these conventional fuels will be used up. Nuclear energy is the exception 73 this gloomy prediction. Through splitting and fusing atoms, large amounts of energy can be produced, and 74 this process can go on and on until all our energy needs are satisfied. The 75 of nuclear energy as a boundless source of energy is indeed great and we must harness it whenever possible as conventional fuels will not be around much longer.61. A. incentive B. capital C. interest D. currency62. A. point B. recognize C. identify D. label63. A. isolated B. single C. sole D. solitary64. A. detecting B. selecting C. harnessing D. concentrating65. A. potentials B. powers C. strengths D. forces66. A. If B. While C. Though D. Since67. A. little B. much C. more D. less68. A. as a result B. in general C. on the other hand D. in effect69. A. process B. rule C. principle D. function70. A. incomplete B. definite C. infinite D. defined71. A. out B. up C. away D. down72. A. at the end B. by the end C. in the end D. to the end73. A. in B. for C. of D. to74. A. substantially B. additionally C. effectively D. theoretically75. A. use B. potential C. popularity D. transformationPaper Two 试卷二(60 minutes)PartⅠTranslation (30 minutes, 20 points，10 for each section)Section ADirections: T ranslate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Third-hand smoke is tobacco smoke contamination that lingers in carpets, clothes and other materials hours or even days after a cigarette is put out. According to a study, a large number of people，particularly smokers have no idea that third-hand smoke is a health hazard for people. Of the 1,500 smokers and nonsmokers surveyed, the vast majority agreed that second-hand smoke is dangerous. But when asked whether they agreed with the statement, “Breathing air in a room today where people smoked yesterday can harm your health,” only 65% of nonsmokers and 43% of smokers answered “yes”.Section B(略）PartⅡWriting (30 minutes，15 points)Directions:In this part，you are to write -within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “My Opinion about Blog”. Your composition should be based on the clues given below. Please remember to write it clearly on the COMPOSITION SHEET.Blog is an on-line diary that one keeps on his frequently updated personal web page. Blog often reflects the personality and experiences of the author.1. Introductory remarks.2. My opinion about blog:For or against, and reasons, ORWhat I think blog can do.3. Conclusion.。
09年同等学力申硕考试时间延期
09年同等学力申硕考试时间延期
从教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心获悉，2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平和学科综合水平全国统一考试将在3月中、下旬开始网上报名，3月底进行现场确认，原定于5月31日的考试时间推迟到6月6日进行。
据悉，今年同等学力人员申请硕士学位全国统一考试报名仍然采用网上报名与现场确认相结合的办法。
报考者要在考试主管部门规定的网报时间内，登录指定网站，填写、提交报名信息，并在规定的现场确认时间内，到指定地点缴纳报名费、照相、确认报名信息，逾期不予办理。
只在网上提交报名信息，未在规定时间内到指定地点办理照相、缴费及确认等相关手续的，本次报名无效。
2009同等学力英语考试阅读真题
09Passage OneThe other day my son asked me if he could ride up to his elementary school on his bike and meet his friend. He wanted the both of them to ride back to our house so they could play video games and jump on the trampoline (蹦床). I have to admit, part of me wanted to say no. We can go pick him up or his parents can bring him over here, I thought. But my son is eleven years old now. And after all, I do let him ride his bike to school. But I also drive my daughter to school and I can see him on the way, making sure he is getting there safely.My husband thinks I am too overprotective. I don’t dare to let my children walk anywhere without one of us going along. As you pull out of our neighborhood, there is a shopping center across the street. My son always asks if he can ride his bike or walk over to the drugstore by himself. But crossing that street is just too dangerous. The cars fly around the corner like they’re driving in a car race. What if he gets hit? What if some teenage bullies are hanging out in the parking lot?I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers around every corner. Too many kidnaps, too many sex offenders. I went online and discovered there are 41 sex offenders in my area alone.I honestly don’t think my mom worried about such things when her children were young.Growing up in the 1970s was indeed a different time. I never wore a helmet when I rode a bike. We were all over the neighborhood, on our bikes and on foot, coming home for dinner and then back out again until dark. We rode in the back of the truck, didn’t wear seatbelts. I walked to and from school every day….31. What did the author feel reluctant to let her son do?A. Meet his friend.B. Play video games.C. Jump on the trampoline.D. Ride his bike on streets.32. What does the author mean when she says “But my son is eleven years old now”?A. He is old enough to be given some freedom now.B. He is a bit too young to go out alone.C. He has reached the legal age for riding a bike.D. He can’t protect himself from road hazards.33. Given her husband’s attitude towards bringing up kids, he would most probably _______.A. drive his son to school to ensure safetyB. follow his son all the way to school and backC. give his son more freedom in deciding what to doD. ask the other boy’s parents to bring him over here34. Which of the following is NOT considered by the author as a potential threat to kids?A. Teenage bullies.B. The drugstore.C. Child abusers.D. Cars racing by.35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The social security back in the 1970s was no better than it is today.B. Today’s children enjoy more freedom than those in t he 1970s.C. Children today are more obedient to their parents.D. Children in the 1970s enjoyed more freedom than those today.36. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?A. To compare today’s social environment with that of the 1970s.B. To show her concern over the increasing crime rate in her neighborhood.C. To describe her hesitation as to how much freedom she should give her son.D. To express her worries about both safety and security in her area.Passage TwoAbout a century ago more people would not have appreciated the study of a foreign language as they do today. Gone are those days when patriotism towards one’s own language was a major obstacle to learning foreign languages, a time when most nations were trying to throw their alien rulers out of their countries in their freedom struggles.Gone are those days when people were proud of their mother or father tongues and considered that their native languages alone will suffice the need to survive. Language skills today have become as important as other business and career skills like IT, vocational or professional skills. Thus learning a foreign language today has become essential for an individual whether it is for careers, growing a business, or even to make an impression.All that one needs to possess these days is a drive to learn a foreign language and there are all kinds of institutes and courses that teach various foreign languages like French, German, Spanish, and Japanese. Today’s world economy has bridged the barriers of race, sex, color and religion and the world has become a smaller place. Today’s businesses also demand language skills to expand and grow in other countries. Tens a nd hundreds of businesses worldwide are expanding and growing their businesses by promoting them in countries other than their countries of origin. The tremendous growth of the Internet has further increased the demand for language skills. In Canada an official rule also says that all commercial establishments must have their websites created both in English and French, the official languages of the country.Language can also ease race and border barriers. You are more welcome in an alien nation if you know the language of the people there and can converse in their tongue. People in these countries immediately respect you and think you care about their culture as much as they do because in any culture language is the key identity.37. One of the reasons for not studying a foreign language in the past is ______.A. it was too difficultB. it was not allowedC. it was seen as disloyaltyD. it was taught by foreign rulers38. According to the article, which of the following is true?A. People’s language skills are better than in the past.B. Foreign language skills are of vital importance.C. It’s easier nowadays to learn a foreign language.D. People today are not proud of their native language.39. What does “to make an impression” (Paragraph 1) probably mean?A. To remember things.B. To express ideas.C. To show respect.D. To be liked by others.40. The world has become smaller because of _________.A. business expansionB. the growth of the InternetC. a globalized economyD. the learning of foreign languages41. According to the article, the growth of the Internet requires _________.A. more foreign language skillsB. more bilingual websitesC. better command of EnglishD. more commercial establishments42. People in a foreign country will treat you with more respect if you speak their language because ______.A. they think you love their countryB. they think you understand their cultureC. i t’s easier for them to communicate with youD. they believe you are a good language learnerPassage ThreeYou may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately i nside the entrance is known as the “decompression zone”. People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is a bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time”: the length of time people spend in a store.Traditionally retailers measure “footfall”, as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people’s phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retail centre in Portsmouth—not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1% sales rose 1.3%.Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.43. In Paragraph 2, “decompression zone” is the area meant to _______.A. offer shoppers a place to have a restB. prepare shoppers for the mood of buyingC. encourage shoppers to try new productsD. provide shoppers with discount information44. Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers’ ________.A. common senseB. shopping habitsC. concerns with timeD. shopping psychology45. Path Intelligence uses a technology to _______.A. count how many people enter a storeB. measure how long people stay at a storeC. find out what people buy in a storeD. monitor what people say and do in a store46. What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales _______.A. was in direct proportion to dwell timeB. was reversely linked to dwell timeC. was affected more by footfall than by dwell timeD. was affected more by dwell time than by footfall47. The author argues that shoppers ______.A. exert more influence on stores than they imagineB. are more likely to make rational choices than they knowC. tend to make more emotional decisions than they thinkD. have more control over what they buy than they assume48. The best title for the passage is ________.A. New Technology Boosts Stores’ SalesB. How Shoppers Make Choices in StoresC. Rational and Irrational Ways of ShoppingD. The Science behind Stores’ ArrangementsPassage FourA very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control”. You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control”. “Death Control” is something rat her different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the wor ld’s land cannot produce food.Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its “capital”— its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.49. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase?A. Birth explosion.B. Birth Control.C. Death Control.D. Technological innovations.50. The word “incurable” in Paragraph 2 means ______.A. commonB. epidemicC. untreatableD. unknown51. Th ere isn’t enough land to support human beings because ______.A. there are more seas than land in the worldB. most of the world’s land is unusableC. the world’s land has already been taken upD. the world’s land is not distributed equally52. In Paragraph 4 the writer implies that fertile soils are ______.A. limitedB. renewableC. productiveD. nonrenewable53. What does “to limit their reproduction” in the last paragraph mean?A. T o control death.B. To produce less goods.C. To increase production.D. To practice birth control.54. What do you think the writer is really concerned about?A. Long life spans.B. Population increase.C. Overuse of resources.D. The success of “Death Control”.Passage FiveAll day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices. Instantaneous perceptions set off neutral reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.Over the past few years, scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life. Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to public attention than Malcolm Gladwell.Gladwell’s new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talented individuals. But in fact, it’s another book about deep patterns. Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who created their own success, he argues. They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.Gladwell’s noncontroversial claim is that some people have more opportunities than others. Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.Gladwell’s book is being r eceived by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age. It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals. It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships, social bonds and cultures of achievement.Yet, I can’t help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries. They’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social f orces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.Most successful people begin with two beliefs: the future can be better than the present, and I have the power to make it so. They were often showered by good fortunes, but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will. These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention. Control of attention is the ultimate individual power. People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them. They can choose from the patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.Gladwell’s social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity. And it doesn’t fully explain the genuine greatness of humanity’s talents. As the classical philosophers understood, examples of individual greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.55. In Paragraph 2, “these deep patterns” refers to all of the following EXCEPT _______.A. genesB. social dynamicsC. instantaneous perceptionsD. neutral reactions56. According to the author, Gladwell’s new book Outliers is mainly _______.A. a descriptive study of exceptionally talented individualsB. about the importance of social arrangements to personal successC. to discuss why some people have more opportunities than othersD. to explain why Bill Gates is much luckier than others57. It can be seen from Paragraph 5 that Gladwell’s book _______.A. has become quite influentialB. is beginning to influence Obama’s policiesC. has received severe criticismsD. assumes that people just pursue maximum profits58. According to the author, the most fundamental individual power is _______.A. individual willB. control of attentionC. a good characterD. exceptional creativity59. The author believes that individual greatness is more closely related to _______.A. social forces and genesB. good luck and educationC. individual character and creativityD. individual genes and good education60. This passage is probably a _______.A. book reviewB. book reportC. political essayD. news reportPart III Reading Comprehension (30 points)31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. C37. C 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. A 42. B43. B 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. D49. C 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. D 54. C55. A 56. B 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. A。
2009年教育硕士考试英语二试卷一A真题及答案
2009英语二试卷一A[供报考学科教学(英语)专业考生使用]Section ⅠUse of English (20 minutes,10%)Section ⅡReading Comprehension (70 minutes,50%)SectionⅠUse of English (20 minutes,10%)Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank from A. B. C or D.Can you “think” yourself younger?Anti-aging may be more than herbs, creams, or exercise. Recently, more and more people are01 towards anti-aging psychology, a major claim of 02 is that anti-aging requires you to learn life 03 attitudes, beliefs. and coping skills that 04 youthfulness and health. It is said only 30% of your aging is predetermined by your genetic code, and the 05 is your decisions and attitude.So can you ―think‖yourself younger? Many people 06 these sorts of attitude adjustments as opposed to 07 your body with countless chemicals. Often, people say mind over matter, and to a degree 08 psychology works when you are looking 09 better performance on sports or other tests, but you cannot use your mind to 10 a physical injury, such as a broken bone, or in our 11 , get a wrinkle out of our forehead. Your attitude can change your 12 personality, and smiling may make other people 13 you more, but I am not sure it is truly anti-aging.14 , your attitudes and believes can change your outward appearance and 15 as a possible effective anti-aging agent 16 by changing your attitude you reduce stress, which is a large 17 in aging. So, indirectly you can ―think‖ yourself younger if your thoughts lead to less stress, but you will never become younger 18 simply thinking about becoming younger. Thinking positively and anti-aging is not 19 , rather thinking positively is correlated with anti-aging 20 it reduces stress and helps you live a more active life.01. [A] moving [B] going [C] turning [D] coming02. [A] that [B] which [C] what [D] who03. [A] enhanced [B] enhance [C] enhancing [D] enhances04. [A] include [B] constitute [C] construct [D] foster05. [A] rest [B] other [C] others [D] opposite06. [A] like [B] prefer [C] enjoy [D] support07. [A] covering [B] checking [C] changing [D] filling08. [A] positive [B] reliable [C] advanced [D] modern09. [A] for [B] to [C] at [D] up10. [A] deal [B] heal [C] reveal [D] recover11. [A] case [B] sense [C] mind [D] time12. [A] major [B] born [C] outward [D] obvious13. [A] to like [B] like [C] liking [D] liked14. [A] Therefore [B] However [C] Although [D] Furthermore15. [A] are [B] find [C] play [D] act16. [A] unless [B] but [C] if [D] after17. [A] problem [B] factor [C] issue [D] question18. [A] when [B] for [C] by [D] with19. [A] cause [B] caused [C] causing [D] causation20. [A] because [B] while [C] whether [D] howSectionⅡReading Comprehension (70 minutes, 50%)Part ARead the following text and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D.The True Meaning of Self-HelpAccording to self-help expert Tony Robbins, walking barefoot across 1,000-degree red-hot coals ―is an experience in belief. It teaches people in the most intuitive sense that they can do things they never thought possible.‖I’ve done three fire walks myself, without chanting ―cool moss‖or thinking positive thoughts. I didn’t get burned. Why? Because charcoal is a poor conductor of heat, particularly through the dead calloused skin on the bottom of your feet and especially if you walk across the bed of coals as quickly as fire walkers are likely to do. Physics explains the ―how‖ of fire walking. To understand the ―why,‖ we must turn to psychology.In 1980 I attended a bicycle industry trade convention whose keynote speaker was Mark Victor Hansen, well known coauthor of the wildly popular Chicken Soup for the Soul book series. I was surprised that Hansen didn’t require a speaker’s fee, until I saw what happened after his talk; people were lined up out the door to purchase his motivation tapes. I listened to those tapes over and over during training rides in preparation for bicycle races.The ―over and over‖ part is the key to understanding the ―why‖ of what journalist Steve Salerno calls the Self-Help and Actualization Movement (SHAM). In his recent book: How the Self-Help Movement Made America Helpless, he explains how the talks and tapes offer a momentary lift of inspiration that fades after a few weeks, turning buyers into repeat customers. Surrounding SHAM is a builetproof shield: if your life does not get better, it is your fault--your thoughts were not positive enough. The solution? More of the same self-help--or at least the same message repackaged into new products. Consider the multiple permutations of John Gray’s Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus. SHAM takes advantage by cleverly marketing the dualism of victimization and empowerment. SHAM experts insist that we are all victims of our wild and cruel ―inner children‖ who are produced by painful pasts that create negative ―tapes‖ that replay over and over in our minds. Liberation comes themselves, for prices that range from $500 one-day work-shops to Robbins’s $5,995 ―Date with Destiny‖ seminar. Do these programs work? No one knows. According to Salerno, no scientific evidence indicates that any of the countless SHAM techniques—from fire walking to 12-stepping—works better than doing something else or even doing nothing . The law of large numbers means that given the millions of people who have tried SHAMs. Inevitably some will improve. As with alternative, ineffective medicine, the body naturally heals itself and whatever the patient was doing to help gets the credit. Patient, heal thyself—the true meaning of self-help.21. What does Tony Robbins say about fire walks?[A] Fire walkers are actually cheaters.[B] Fire walkers should have experience.[C] Fire walking is a special experience.[D] Fire walking requires much self-confidence.22.‖…turning buyers into repeat customers‖ implies[A] SHAM may lead to a dramatic shopping inspiration.[B] SHAM believers buy more books of similar content.[C] usually SHAM will only last for several weeks.[D]tapes of Steve Salerno’s talks are sold at different time.23.the advantage that SHAM takes is possibly the[A] economic benefit.[B] scientific advances.[C] public indulgence.[D] believers’ vulnerability.24. What is the author’s attitude towards SHAM?[A] Critical.[B] Understanding.[C] Admiring.[D] Indifferent.25. The purpose of mentioning the prices (for prices that range from $500 … to …$5,995 …) is to[A] tell readers the actual cost of such activities.[B] satirize the high cost and a not-much-useful activity.[C] recommend some of the worthwhile soul trainings.[D] show the quality discrepancy among such activities.26. Which of the following statements would the author agree with?[A] SHAM will work together with certain medicine.[B] SHAM techniques are better than other techniques.[C] SHAM may work for only a small number of people.[D] SHAM works as effectively as physical healing.Part BYou are going to read an extract about the work of the Master of Ceremony. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (27-32). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use .Preparation for the Master of CeremonyThe Master of Ceremony (MC) performs a variety of duties during a program. As theMC you are responsible for getting things started, keeping the program moving, and closing the meeting. All that occurs between the opening and closing is your responsibility.27As in preparing for any speaking situation, it may work to your advantage to outline the program and then the ―body‖of the presentation before you prepare your introduction and conclusion. In some instances, however, your welcome may be an established custom, and is preparation may well be your first and easiest task.28In preparing the welcome, remember to start on time. Then, greet your guests and fellow members. Briefly make your remarks welcoming all present. Never let your welcome be presented impromptu. Plan ten wording carefully as your beginning is likely to set the mood for the entire program. If you are serious or humorous, the atmosphere will have thus been set for the occasion.29On the other hand, you don’t want people waiting for a speaker long after they have completed their dessert. It is best to prepare a time schedule for your entire program, check it with your caterer and speakers, and then stick to it as closely as you can.3As you arrange the program, have a reason for putting one event or speaker first, another second, and so on. This will help you provide continuity and will help the audience to see connections between speakers. In some instances, you may need to provide impromptu remarks to tie one speaker’s presentation to the next speaker.31Finally, as you prepare for the closing, review the suggestions in chapter 33 for the farewell speech. While the two are not exactly the same, there are similarities. Even the best program needs some sense of finality. Don’t simply dismiss your audience; you need to take a few seconds and thank the audience and tie the program to them one final time. Plan a way of tying the program to something in the future, and point out the benefits of having attended meeting.32As you can see, the preparation for being an MC is very extensive and needs to be planned carefully. Nothing should be left to chance. On the other hand, you should also prepare to speak, change, and adapt to the circumstances of the situation at hand. Adapt to the specific remarks of the speakers.[A] Next, prepare your introductions and transitional remarks so they tie your programtogether and provide continuity. When you speak, make your comments brief and related to the speeches or events that have just occurred or are about to take place.[B] It is essential that you keep a constant reminder that your purpose as MC is to; get thingsstarted, keep the program moving, and close the meeting. Resist any temptation during your preparation to think the audience has come to hear you. Whatever the occasion, you are not the featured speaker, so you will not want to ―spotlight‖ your speeches.[C] As you introduce speakers, remember, it is your responsibility in introducing speakers toarouse interest in the speaker and the speaker’s topic. Again, try to avoid lengthy or toobrief introductions. Otherwise, you may find yourself in a predicament by having used too much of the speaker’s time or not have properly prepared the audience for the speaker.[D] As a follow-up, stop and shake hands and thank all of your guest speakers again. Let themknow that you are pleased with their performance and appreciate their help in making your job easy and enjoyable. Wait until all guests have departed before leaving. It is generally rude and impolite for the MC to leave the banquet or dinner before the special guests.[E] Sometimes the MC has other responsibilities within the organization. These duties mustalso be maintained. Handle these first, so the duties do not interfere with your responsibilities as MC. Once you have accounted for your official duties, you can begin to prepare for the responsibilities of being MC.[F] Once the program is under way, it is your responsibility to see that things keep moving.Try to avoid long gaps of time between events, but you don’t want to rush things too quickly either. If it is a dinner or banquet, you don’t want to have people eating their main course while the guest is speaking.[G] On some occasions, you may also need to prepare yourself for either presenting orreceiving awards or gifts. As in the other speeches by the MC, these speeches are generally brief. All you need to do is to highlight the honoree and stimulate the audience to appreciate the person being honored.Part CYou are going to read a passage about habits. From the list of headings A – G. choose the best one to summarize each paragraph (33-38) of the passage. There is one extra heading that you do not need to use.Habits are bad only if you can’t handle them33We are endlessly told we’re creatures of habit. Indeed, making this observation as if it were original is one of the most annoying habits of pop psychologists. The psychologist William James said long ago that life ―is but a mass of habits …our dressing and undressing, our eating and drinking. our greetings and partings. our giving way for ladies to precede are things of a type so fixed by repetition as almost to be classed as reflex actions.‖What pop psychology can’t decide, though, is whether this state of affairs is good or bad. Are habits, properly controlled, the key to happiness? Or should we be doing all we can to escape habitual existence?34This isn’t a question of good versus bad habits: we can agree, presumably, that the habit of eating lots of vegetables is preferable to that of drinking a three-litre bottle of White Lightning each night. Rather, it’s a disagreement about habituation itself. Since habit is so much more powerful than our conscious decision-making. What are needed are deliberately chosen routines. No matter how hard you resolve to spend more time with your spouse, it’ll never work as well as developing the habit of a weekly night out or of doing the hardest task first each morning.35You on the other hand, as we know all too well, habits lose their power precisely because they’re habitual. An expensive cappuccino, once in a while, is a life-enhancing pleasure; an expensive cappuccino every day soon becomes a boring routine. Even proven therapeutic techniques. such as keeping a diary, work better when done occasionally, not routinely.36I don’t have an answer to this dilemma. But there is one way to get the best of both worlds: develop habits and routines that are designed to disrupt your habits and routines, and keep things fresh. One obvious example is the ―weekly review‖, which time-management experts are always recommending: a habit, yes, but one that involves stepping out of the daily habitual stream to gain perspective. Or take Bill Gates’s famous annual ―think week‖, in which he holes up in the mountains with a stack of books and journals, to reflect on future paths of action. You don’t need a week in the mountains, though: an hour’s walk in the park each week might prove as beneficial.37A smaller-scale kind of routinised disruption is a method known as burst working, involving tiny, timed sprints of 5 to 10minutes, with gaps in between. Each burst brings a microscopic but refreshing sense of newness, while each tiny deadline adds useful pressure, preventing a descent into torpor. Each break, meanwhile, is a moment to breathe – a miniature ―think week‖, to step back, assess your direction, and stop the day sliding into forgetfulness. 38All these techniques use the power of habituation to defeat the downsides of habituation. Like jujitsu (柔道). You’re turning the enemy’s strength against him; unlike jujitsu, we physically malcoordinated types can do it, too.[A] Breaking routines does not need a lot of time[B] Things done too much lose their value.[C] Psychologists are not sure about the value of habits.[D] It is possible to change habits deliberately.[E] Disrupting habits and routines may lead to fresh ideas.[F] There is a way out from habituation.[G] Habits are indication of laziness.Part DYou are going to read a passage about productive postponement. Decide whether the statements in the box agree with the information given in the passage. You should choose from the following:A Yes = the statement agrees with the information in the passageB No = the statement contradicts the information in the passageC NOT GIVEN = there is no information on this in the passageProductive postponementIt’s frustrating irony of the universe that the way to get something you really want is often not to want is so badly. Worry too hard about a task and the anxiety will prevent you performing your best: stop looking for love, goes the cliché, and that’s when you’ll find it. Try too hard to be happy and you’ll find yourself on a misery-inducing treadmill (单调的工作) of self-improvement efforts, contradictory advice and motivational seminars conducted by exceptionally dubious men in hotel ballrooms.The solution is to ―leg go‖ of worry, of seeking happiness. But implementing that advice is close to impossible: it’s a tall order just to stop feeling anxious or to stop wanting something you want. Mercifully, some authors offer a far more palatable alternative: instead of getting embroiled in trying to let go of thoughts and emotions that get in your way, postpone them instead.Understandably, putting things off has often been considered as undesirable: see the bestseller Excuse Me, Your Life Is Waiting and similar warnings not to ―postpone your dreams‖. But there’s a flipside –a technique you might call productive postponement. The psychiatrist Robert Leahy, for example, recommends ―worry postponement‖; writing down your worrier as they arise, and scheduling time to fret. It sounds strange, but there’s researchevidence for it, and logic: we worriers derive huge payoffs from worrying – we believe, on some level, that it makes things go better – and so the idea of giving if up can be terrifying. Just putting it off, safe in the knowledge that you can return to it later, is easier. (If you’re worried you’ll forget to worry, consider an email reminder service, and if worrying you’ll forget to worry strikes you as absurd, well. consider yourself lucky and welcome to my world.)Psychotherapists call techniques such as postponement ―metacognitive‖, meaning that they make you aware of your habitual thought processes, and therefore work more lastingly than, say, trying to relieve a particular worry by addressing its specific content. Postponement works with perfectionism, too. If you can’t get rid of the notion that some task must be done perfectly, can you suspend that requirement just for now, resolving to revert to your perfectionism at some predetermined point in the near future? The essayist Anne Lamott, in her book Bird By Bird, calls this the principle of ―shitty first drafts‖. but, like so much of her counsel, it applies beyond writing.NotNo givenYes39 The more we try to get something, the more difficult if[A] [B] [C]becomes.40 It is advisable to give up what we are looking for. [A] [B] [C]41 Temporarily postponing things may be a good way to[A] [B] [C]get what we want.42 If you forget your worries. They will disappear. [A] [B] [C]43 Most people forget about their worries if they[A] [B] [C]postpone worrying about them.44 If you want to do things perfectly, you have to[A] [B] [C]postpone.45 Sometimes things can be done better when postponed. [A] [B] [C]。
同等学力申请硕士学位外国语全国统一考试试题及答案
同等学力申请硕士学位外国语全国统一考试试题及答案一、综合能力测试综合能力测试是同等学力申请硕士学位外国语全国统一考试的重要组成部分，考察考生在语言运用、阅读理解、写作等方面的能力。
下面是一套典型的综合能力测试试题及答案供考生参考。
第一节语言运用阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
Some animals, such as camels and desert snakes, are incredibly good at surviving in the desert. Their adaptations (适应) 1 them to live in conditions that other creatures couldn't cope with.Camels are known for their humps, which are a store of fat that can be converted into water and energy when food and water are scarce. Their wide, tough feet help them to walk easily on sand, and their long legs allow them to take big steps to avoid sinking.Desert snakes have a special way of moving across the hot desert sand. Unlike most snakes, which push themselves off the ground with their stomach muscles, desert snakes do the opposite. They lift their stomachs off the ground to the point where they almost stand up and then they throw themselves forwards. This way of moving is very quick and allows the snake to spend less time in contact with the burning sand.1. The main topic of the passage is __________.A. adapting to desert conditionsB. the humps of camelsC. the movement of desert snakesD. the features of camels and desert snakes答案：D2. According to the passage, camels can __________.A. store water in their humpsB. convert fat into foodC. walk easily on sandD. take big steps to avoid sinking答案：C3. How do desert snakes move across the hot sand?A. By lifting their stomachs off the ground.B. By pushing themselves off the ground with their stomach muscles.C. By throwing themselves forwards quickly.D. By spending less time in contact with the sand.答案：A二、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
同等学力申请硕士学位英语水平考试
同等学力申请硕士学位是指没有本科学位，但通过其他途径具备了相当于本科学位水平的申请者。
对于同等学力申请硕士学位的申请者，通常需要进行硕士研究生入学考试，其中包括英语水平考试。
英语水平考试的要求可能因学校、专业和地区而有所不同，但一般包括以下几种考试：
1. 英语四六级：
-在中国，英语四六级考试是一种常见的英语水平证明方式。
对于同等学力硕士申请者，通常需要提供英语四级或六级成绩，要求根据学校和专业的不同而有所变化。
2. 雅思（IELTS）：
-雅思考试是一项国际性的英语水平考试，被广泛接受。
大部分学校要求硕士研究生申请者提供特定分数的雅思成绩。
要求的分数取决于学校和专业，一般要求在6.0到7.5之间。
3. 托福（TOEFL）：
-托福考试是一项由美国教育考试服务机构（ETS）主办的英语水平考试。
一些学校接受托福成绩作为英语水平的证明。
要求的分数通常在80到110之间。
4. GRE或GMAT：
-一些学校可能要求同等学力硕士申请者参加GRE（研究生入学考试）或GMAT（管理研究生入学考试），这两者都包含英语部分。
请注意，不同学校和专业对于英语水平的要求有所不同，因此在申请前建议仔细阅读所申请学校的招生要求，并了解具体的英语水平考试要求。
同等学力人员申请硕士学位 外国语水平全国统一考试 英语试卷一及
同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷一及同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷一及参考答案解析IntroductionThe national unified Foreign Language Proficiency Examination in English, commonly known as English Test Paper One, is a crucial component for individuals with an equivalent educational background who are seeking to pursue a master's degree. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the examination, covering various sections and offering detailed explanations of the answers.Section One: Listening ComprehensionIn the Listening Comprehension section of the English Test Paper One, candidates are required to listen to a series of recordings, including dialogues, speeches, and interviews. The objective is to assess their ability to understand spoken language in different contexts. This section aims to evaluate candidates' listening skills, including their comprehension of main ideas, specific details, and logical relationships.To excel in this section, candidates should practice active listening techniques, such as focusing on keywords, identifying the speaker's tone, and recognizing the overall purpose of the conversation. Additionally, being familiar with different accents and speech patterns will enhance candidates'listening abilities. It is advisable to engage in regular practice exercises and mock tests to develop proficiency in this area.Section Two: Reading ComprehensionThe Reading Comprehension section assesses candidates' ability to understand written English, including academic essays, newspaper articles, and literary texts. This section primarily tests candidates' comprehension of main ideas, vocabulary, and the ability to draw inferences.To perform well in this section, candidates should employ effective reading strategies, such as skimming and scanning to quickly identify the key points and relevant details. Creating a mental framework and making notes while reading can help in grasping the overall structure of the passage. Additionally, expanding one's vocabulary and improving reading speed will greatly contribute to success in this section.Section Three: TranslationThe Translation section evaluates candidates' translation skills from English to Chinese and from Chinese to English. It assesses their understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions. In this section, candidates are required to translate passages accurately while maintaining the original meaning and style.To excel in translation, candidates should enhance their understanding of sentence structures, idiomatic expressions, and cultural nuances in both English and Chinese. Regular practice in translating various types of texts, including legal documents, scientific articles, and literary works, is essential for developing proficiency. Utilizing online resources, dictionaries, andseeking feedback from experts can also significantly contribute to improvement.Section Four: WritingThe Writing section evaluates candidates' ability to express thoughts and ideas effectively in written English. This section typically includes tasks such as essay writing, letter writing, or report writing. Candidates are assessed based on their organization of ideas, coherence, grammar accuracy, vocabulary usage, and overall writing proficiency.To excel in this section, candidates should practice writing regularly, focusing on enhancing their grammar and vocabulary. Developing a clear and concise writing style, and structuring the essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion, is essential. Utilizing various writing techniques, such as providing examples, comparing and contrasting, and supporting arguments with evidence, can greatly improve the overall quality of the written response.ConclusionThe English Test Paper One is a crucial examination for individuals with equivalent educational backgrounds who aspire to pursue a master's degree.A comprehensive understanding of each section's requirements, along with consistent practice and dedication, is crucial for success. By honing their listening, reading, translation, and writing skills, candidates can increase their chances of achieving a satisfactory result in this examination, thereby opening doors to further academic pursuits and professional growth.。
2009年某校硕士研究生入学考试英语专业水平考试试题
2009年某校硕士研究生入学考试英语专业水平考试试题/gwyjs/article_list.php?id=34&col_parent_id=89&col_idI.Cloze (30 points, 1 point for each)Read the following passage and choose a proper word from the Word List to fill in each of the blanks in the passage. Each word can be used only once. Write the words you choose for each blank on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way: ExampleI. Cloze1. paper2. continuously3. …Now, do the Cloze.WORD LISTMost of Mark Twain‘s books bubbled out 1 him like water out of a fountain.2 of his gifts was the capacity to take a scene and fill it3 every sparkling detail of nature and of human action, to put in every spoken word and accompanying gesture, and to slowly exaggerate the successive moments4 the whole episode reached a climax of joyous, sidesplitting laughter.5 he had trouble weaving his incidents into meaningful plot patterns. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Mark Twain‘s masterpiece, came into __6 slowly.7 in 1876, immediately after he had dashed off The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, he wrote 400 manuscript pages quickly and8 stalled; in disgust he meditated9 the work. __10 the winter of 1879-1880 he penned further sections; again the spark of enthusiasm died. __11 taking a journey down the Mississippi River in April, 1882, he quickly completed Lift on the Mississippi(1883) and with unabated zest 12 the novel. The trip had reawakened his boyhood memories and suggested new episodes; the two books became 13 , the weaker travel account serving as scaffolding for the great edifice. __14 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was 15 in 1884, it met a mixed reception. A Brooklyn lady protested 16 its presence in the children‘s room of the public library; the librarian reshelved the volume in the adult area to 17 Huck‘s and Tom‘s ―mischievous and deceitful practices which made them poor examples foryouth.‖ Today the novel is among the world‘s 18 and vies with Nathaniel Hawthorne‘s The Scarlet Letter (1850) for the position of American‘s _19 artistic work of fiction.The reader is reminded at the outset that in 1850 Huck Finn had been a playmate of Tom Sawyer in St. Petersburg, Missouri, the 20 name of Mark Twain‘s native village of Hannibal. For three months Huck had lived with the lady 21 life he had saved, the Widow Douglas, ―fair, smart, and forty‖; her hill mansion was ―the only palace in the town, and the most hospitable and much the most lavish in the matter of festivities‖ that the town could boast.The lad 22 had run away from elegance was again a candidate for the major role in a rags-to-riches tale. Huck wanted it otherwise. Like Tom, whose name turns up throughout the __23 . Huck wanted adventure. For six months Huck endured starched clothes and virtual imprisonment within the mansion. When Pap returned on April 1 and took Huck 24 from the Widow, Huck came to prefer his slovenly island home. 25 against Pap‘s cruelty led Huck to plan his own ―murder‖ and to decamp about two months later. H e discovered Jim 26 June 4 and started the rafting trip down the river on June 22. On July 7 he reached the Grangerfords and stayed __27 about a month. On August 10 the Duke and Dauphin came 28 the raft; their shenanigans ended at Pikeville on September 18. The 29 at Aunt Sally‘s lasted twenty-six days, until October 15. Then Huck decided to light out for Indian Territory and forever depart from a ―civilization‖ that he30 .II. Proofreading and Error Correction (30 points, 2 points for each) The following passage contains fifteen errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way:For a wrong word, write the correct one on Y our Answer Sheet.For a missing word, write the missing word with a ―∧‖ sign before it on Y our AnswerSheet.For an unnecessary word, write the unnecessary word with a deleting line on it on Y ourAnswer Sheet.ExampleWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, it 31. _____never buys things in finished form and hangs 32. _____them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it.33. _____Write on your Answer Sheet:II. Proofreading and Error Correction31. ∧an 32. never 33. exhibitNow, do the Proofreading and Error Correction.Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in theworld average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, [31] ___ecologists have turned to historical datum in relation to [32] ___especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect that volcanoesaffect weather changes that are similar to air pollution. [33]___One source of informations is the effect of the eruption [34]__of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indies, inApril 1815. The largest recorded volcano eruption, Tambora [35]___threw 150 million tons of fine ash into the stratosphere. Theash from a volcano spreads around worldwide in a few days [36] ___or remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming [37] ___solar radiation into the space and thus cool the earth. For [38]___example, records of weather in England shows that between [39] ___April and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen4.5 F. During the next twenty-four months, England sufferedone of the coldest periods of their history. Farmers‘ records [40]___from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughoutthe spring and summer and sharp decreases at crop and [41]___livestock markets. Since there was a time lag of several yearsbetween cause and effect, by the time the world agriculturalcommodity community had deteriorated, no one realizes the [42]___cause.Ecologists today warn that we face a twofold menace. Theever-present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as those [43]___of Mt. St. Helens in Washington, added man‘s pollution of [44]___the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other pollutingsubstances, may bring us increasingly colder weather. [45]___III. Gap-filling (30points, 2 points for each)Fill in the following banks with the correct words and the correct forms of the words given according the meanings of the sentences. Write the answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET in the following way:Example46. prolong, refuse, delay, postpone, lengthenI hope the __________ of the appointment will not cause you much inconvenience.Write on your Answer Sheet:III. Gap-filling46. postponement 47. … 48. …Now, do the Gap-filling.46. affect, influence, effect, impactWe have tried our best to ________ a reconciliation between the two parties. 47. attain, acquire, obtain, gain, secure, procureChrysler, including sales of newly ________ American Motors, delivered 1.01 million cars, down 17.7 percent and amounting to 9.6 percent of the market. 48. ensure, assure, guaranteeThe Labor Department issued guidelines to_________ equal job opportunities for women on work paid for by federal funds.49. ability, capability, competence, capacity, aptitudeResearchers using the new measuring technique found the skull to have a ________ of only about 515 cubic centimeters (about 31 cubic inches).50. take part in, attend, participate in, enter for, joinTo the amazement of the organizing committee, so many professional singers ________ the singing competition to be held next month.51. insist on, persist in, stick/adhere to, persevere inDue to the bankruptcy of the company, they failed to ________ the original agreement.52. stable, secure, steady, firm, durablePolitical ________ and wars in many sub-Saharan countries have also contributed to poverty. As a result of such factors, the number of people living in extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa grew from 217 million in 1987 to more than 300 million in 1998.53. manager, director, headmaster, proprietor, governorAs one of the four ________ of the company, he often had to attend Board meetings.54. permit, allow, approve, accept, consent, endorseEligible paper, as defined in 1951, is a negotiable note, draft, or bill bearing the ________ of the member bank, the proceeds of which have been or are to be usedin producing, purchasing, carrying, or marketing goods in one or more steps of the process of production, manufacture, or distribution55. income, wages, dividend, salary, earnings, pensionNow that he has retired, he lived partly on his ________ and partly on the interest on his post office savings account.56. complain, grieve, reclaim, grumbleThe peasants‘ many ________ resulting from ill-treatment by their landlords led finally to rebellion.57. renew, renovate, refresh, recreateHe had been completely exhausted but felt considerably ________ after a meal and a good rest.58. view, scene, scenery, sight, natureSwitzerland is well-known for its impressive mountainous ________.59. nevertheless, accordingly, however, yet, eventuallyHe has impressed his employer considerably and ________ he is soon to be promoted.60. gap, pause, space, interruption, intervalDuring the ________, the audience strolled and chatted in the foyer.IV. Reading Comprehension （60 points, 2 points for each）In this section, there are six reading passages followed by a total of thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then write your answers on YOUR ANSWER SHEET.ExampleWrite on your Answer Sheet:IV. Reading Comprehension61. A 62. B 63. …Now, do the Reading Comprehension.Text ATommy Albelin, a Devils defenseman, was the team‘s most effective performer the night the Stanley Cup champions played their best game of the young season.Playing left wing instead of defense against the Detroit Red Wings last Thursday night, Albelin scored the second goal of the game and made the pass that set up the fourth one.Albelin played so well in the 4-2 victory that Coach Jacques Lemaire said, ―Tommy, you lost your job.‖―I was kind of surprised,‖ Albelin said today. ―When he saw the look on my face, he said very quickly ‗as a defenseman‘ and I knew then he was joking.‖Lemaire had Albelin right back on defense in the next game, last Saturday‘s 4-1 triumph over the Ottawa Senators. Albelin responded just as well, making the pass for the winning goal.With Brian Rolston leaving today‘s practice because of a foot problem and ready to join Bobby Holik and Bob Carpenter as injured Devils, look for Albelin to return to left wing when New Jersey plays the V ancouver Canucks Wednesday night at the Meadowlands.This season, the 31-year-old Albelin has played left wing three times and defenseman four. In addition, because Albelin is so adept at skating and puck-handling, Lemaire has been using him for penalty killing and the power play.―It‘s a big advantage to have a player like him,‖ Lemaire said after today‘s practice. ―When you don‘t have the necessary player to play against a player, you can use Abbey because he adjusts very well. He listens to all the things I tell the defensemen and all the things I tell the forwards. ―Lemaire‘s decision to shuttle Albelin is not prompted by a desire to find the best position for him. Rather, it is testimony to Albelin‘s versatility.Albelin was used as a left wing for the first time by Herb Brooks, the man whom Lemaire replaced after Brooks resigned three summers ago, but he played only a handful of games in that position.The Devils changed coaches frequently in Albelin‘s early years with the team. As a result, Albelin contemplated returning home to Sweden several times. But he said today he was glad he never did.Albelin came to the Devils from Quebec in 1988 and has been a solid player. Year after year, despite coaching changes, injuries and the presence of marquee names like Scott Stevens, Slava Fetisov, Stephane Richer and Claude Lemeiux, Albelin‘s dedication and consummate professionalism have made him an integral part of the team.―My philosophy has always been to play where the team needs me,‖ Albelin said. ―I don‘t question the decisions by the coaches. As long as I‘m out there on the ice, I don‘t care what position I play.‖Albelin has performed effectively at wing and on defense despite the different responsibilities. Judging by the way Albelin described them, it is clear he prefers to play defense.―There are a lot of adjustments you have to make as a forward,‖ Albelin said, ―Y ou have to be a little more creative, do more things with the puck. Improvise somewhat, but to a point. As a defenseman, you can get by most of the time by givingthe puck to your forwards and support the play.‖Albelin said today that the uncertainty over whether he will play defense or offense on any given night was not much of a concern in terms of preparing himself.―I don‘t mind as long as I know before the warm-ups,‖ he said.61. Tommy Albelin is _______ defenseman.A. Red WingsB. CanucksC. DevilsD. Brooks62. Albelin has played defenseman _______ this season.A. three timesB. four timesC. two timesD. five times63. Coach Lemaire shuttles Albelin because he _______.A. is versatileB. is a solid playerC. is very dedicatedD. is docile64. The Devils changed coaches frequently ________.A. in the late 1980sB. in Albelin‘s years with th e teamC. as many of them resignedD. during Albelin‘s stay in the team65. Albelin prefers to play _________.A. forwardB. left wingC. defenseD. offense66. Among the following titles, ________ is suitable for the article.A. The Defenseman Albelin in Red WingsB. The Best Player in DevilsC. The V ersatile Albelin in CanucksD. V ersatile Albelin Brings Devil VictoriesText BThe effect of any writing on the public mind is mathematically measurable by its depth of thought. How much water does it draw? If it awaken you to think, if it lift you from your feet with the great voice of eloquence, then the effect is to be wide, slow, permanent, over the minds of men; if the pages instruct you not, they will die like flies in the hour. The way to speak and write what shall not go out of fashion is,to speak and write sincerely. The argument which has not power to reach my own practice, I may well doubt, will fail to reach yours. But take Sidney‘s maxim: —―Look in thy heart, and write.‖ He that wr ites to himself writes to an eternal public. That statement only is fit to be made public, which you have come at in attempting to satisfy your own curiosity. The writer who takes his subject from his ear, and not from his heart, should know that he has lost as much as he seems to have gained, and when the empty book has gathered all its praise, and half the people say, ―What poetry! What genius!‖ it still needs fuel to make fire. That only profits which is profitable. Life alone can impart life; and though we should burst, we can only be valued as we make ourselves valuable. There is no luck in literary reputation. They who make up the final verdict upon every book are not the partial and noisy readers of the hour when it appears; but a court as of angels, a public not to be bribed, not to be entreated, and not to be overawed, decides upon every man‘s title to fame. Only those books come down which deserve to last. Gilt edges, vellum, and morocco, and presentation-copies to all the libraries, will not preserve a book in circulation beyond its intrinsic date. It must go with all Walpole‘s Noble and Royal Authors to its fate. Blackmore, Kotzebue, or Pollok may endure for a night, but Moses and Homer stand forever. There are not in the world at any one time more than a dozen persons who read and understand Plato: —never enough to pay for an edition of his works; yet to every generation these come duly down, for the sake of those few persons, as if God brought them in his hand. ―No book,‖ said Bentley, ―was ever written down by any but itself.‖ The permanence of all books is fixed by no effort friendly or hostile, but by their own specific gravity, or the intrinsic importance of their contents to the constant mind of man. ―Do not trouble yourself too much about th e light on your statue,‖ said Michelangelo to the young sculptor; ―the light of the public square will test its value.‖In like manner the effect of every action is measured by the depth of the sentiment from which it proceeds. The great man knew not that he was great. It took a century or two for that fact to appear. What he did, he did because he must; it was the most natural thing in the world, and grew out of the circumstances of the moment. But now, every thing he did, even to the lifting of his finger or the eating of bread, looks large, all-related, and is called an institution.67. T he following statements are wrong EXCEPT _________.A. Only the thing that is profitable profits.B. If the pages do not instruct you, they will not die like flies in the hour.C. Only the statement, which you have come at in attempting to satisfy yourreader‘s curiosity, is fit to be made public.D. He that writes by himself writes to an eternal public.68.―How much water does it draw?‖ means__________.A. How much content does it have?B. How much influence does it exert?C. How much value does it have?D. How important is it?69. A writer‘s fame is decided upon by __________.A. partial and noisy readersB. a court of angelsC. an angel-like public not to be bribedD. a public to be bribed70. At any time in the world Plato‘s work are read and understood by__________.A. less than a dozen personsB. more than a dozen personsC. many peopleD. no one71. The permanence of all books is fixed by__________.A. no effortB. friendly effortC. hostile effortD. their own specific gravityText CPsychologists study memory and learning with both animal and human subjects. The two experiments reviewed here show how short-term memory has been studied.Hunter studied short-term memory in rats. He used a special apparatus which had a cage for the rat and three doors. There was a light in each door. First the rat was placed in the closed cage. Next one of the lights was turned on and then off. There was food for the rat only at this door. After the light was turned off, the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage. Then, if it went to the correct door, it was rewarded with the food that was there. Hunters did this experiment many times. He always turned on the lights in a random order. The rat had to wait different intervals before it was released from the cage. Hunter found that if the rat had to wait more than ten seconds, it could not remember the correct door. Hunter‘s results show that rats have a short-term memory of about ten seconds.Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 students at the University of California in Los Angeles. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking students.To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the samemeaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Some of them had four unrelated choices. For instance, weather, method, love, result could be used as four unrelated words. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning‘s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their shot-term memory.72. In hunter‘s experiment, the rat had to remember_________.A. where the food wasB. how to leave the cageC. how big the cage wasD. which light was turned on73. Hunter found that rats_________.A. can remember only where their food isB. cannot learn to go to the correct doorC. have no short-term memoryD. have a short-term memory of one-sixth a minute74. Henning tested the students‘ memory of _________.A. words copied several timesB. words explainedC. words heardD. words seen75. Henning concluded that beginning and advanced students________.A. have no difficulty holding words in their short-term memoryB. differ in the way they retain wordsC. have much difficulty holding words in their short-term memoryD. hold words in their short-term memory in the same way76. The following statements are wrong EXCEPT_________.A. The rat could find the correct door when the light of the next door was turned offB. The rat could find the correct door to get the food whenever it was released fromits cageC. Each of the three doors had a light that was turned onD. The rat could remember where to find the food if it waited for less than tensecondsText DA Frenchman, the psychologist Alfred Binet, published the first standardized test of human intelligence in 1905. But it was an American, Lewis Terman, a psychology professor at Stanford, who thought to divide a test taker‘s ―mental age‖, as revealed by that score, by his or her chronological age to derive a number that he called the―intelligence quotient‖, or IQ. It would be hard to think of a pop-scientific coinage that has had a greater impact on the way people think about themselves and others.No country embraced the IQ –and the application of IQ testing to restructure society –more thoroughly than the U.S. Every year millions of Americans have their IQ measured, many with a direct descendant of Binet‘s original test, the Standford-Binet, although not necessarily for the purpose Binet intended. He developed his test as a way of identifying public school students who needed extra help in learning, and that is still one of its leading uses.But the broader and more controversial use of IQ testing has its roots in a theory of intelligence – part science, part sociology – that developed in the late 19th century, before Binet‘s work and entirely separate from it. Championed first by Charles Darwin‘s cousin Francis Galton, it held that intelligence was the most valuable human attribute, and that if people who had a lot of it could be identified and put in leadership positions, all of society would benefit.Terman believed IQ tests should be used to conduct a great sorting out of the population, so that young people would be assigned on the basis of their scores to particular levels in the school system, which would lead to corresponding socioeconomic destinations in adult life. The beginning of the IQ-testing movement overlapped with the eugenics movement –hugely popular in America and Europe among the ―better sort‖ before Hitler gave it a bad name – which held that intelligence was mostly inherited and that people-deficient in it should be discouraged from reproducing. The state sterilization that Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes notoriously endorsed in a 1927 Supreme Court decision was done with an IQ score as justification.The American IQ promoters scored a great coup during World War I when they persuaded the Army to give IQ tests to 1.7 million inductees. It was the world‘s first mass administration of an intelligence test, and many of the standardized tests in use today can be traced back to it: the now ubiquitous and obsessed-over SAT (Study Ability Test); the Wechler, taken by several million people a year, according to its publisher; and Terman‘s own National Intelligence Test, originally used in trac king elementary school children. All these tests took from the Army the basic technique of measuring intelligence mainly by asking vocabulary questions (synonyms, antonyms, analogies, reading comprehension).77. According to Terman‘s theory, a twelve-year-old boy‘s mental age is 10, then hisIQ number is about __________.A. 0.8B. 0.9C. 1.0D. 1.278. IQ test is originally used to ___________.A. find out the students who need extra help in learningB. assign young people to different majorsC. select the acceptable recruits for armyD. select the leaders for society79. The viewpoint that intelligence was mostly inherited and people deficient inintelligence should be discouraged from reproducing was held by ___________.A.IQ-testing movementB. Eugenic movementC.HitlerD.both IQ-testing and Eugenic movements80. What does the author probably mean by ―scored a great coup‖ (see Para. 5)?A. FailedB. SucceededC. CriticizedD. AdvocatedText EHistorical developments of the past half century and the invention of modern telecommunication and transportation technologies have created a world economy. Effectively the American economy has died and been replaced by a world economy.In the future, there is no such thing as being an American manager. Even someone who spends an entire management career in Kansas City is in international management. He or she will compete with foreign firms, buy from foreign firms, sell to foreign films, or acquire financing from foreign banks.The globalization of the world‘s capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. An international perspective has become central to management. Without it managers are operating in ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms.Partly because of globalization and partly because of demography, the work forces of the next century are going to be very different from those of the last century. Most firms will be employing more foreign nationals. More likely than not, you and your boss will not be of the same nationality. Demography and changing social mores mean that white males will become a small fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance. All of these factors will require changes in the traditional methods of managing the work force.In addition, the need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels of education and skills. Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control; production workers must be able to do just in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a ―don‘t think, do what you are told‖ to a ―think, I am not going to tell you what to do‖ style of management.This shift is occurring not because today‘s managers are more enlightened than yesterday‘s managers bu t because the evidence is rapidly mounting that the second style of management is more productive than the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and motivating the work force both become more central and require different modes of behaviour.In the word of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They don‘t have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understa nd when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they don‘t understand what is going。
2009年同等学力申硕教育学真题及答案
绝密★启用前2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试教育学试卷考生须知1.本试卷满分100分。
2.请考生务必将本人考号最后两位数字填写在本页右上角方框内。
3.第一题的答案一律用2B铅笔填涂在指定的答题卡上，写在试卷上或答题纸上的答案一律无效。
4.在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为在答案所代表的字母上划线，如[A][B][C][D]。
5.第二至第四题一律用蓝色或黑色墨水笔在答题纸指定位置上按规定要求作答，未做在指定位置上的答案一律无效。
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否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。
教育学试卷第1页共4页一、单项选择题（每小题1.5分，共30分）1．教育名著《民主主义与教育》的作者是（）。
A．洛克B．夸美纽斯C．布鲁纳D．杜威2．马克思主义经典作家对于教育学的最重要、最直接的贡献是他们提出了（）。
A．人的全面发展学说B．人的自由发展学说C．人的个性发展学说D．人的和谐发展学说3．我国正式颁布并推行的第一个现代学制是在（）。
A．1840年B．1902年C．1904年D．1922年4．学生运用知识的主要目的在于（）。
A．引起求知欲B．理解知识C．巩固知识D．形成技能技巧5．提出“要尽量多地要求一个人，也要尽可能地尊重一个人”观点的教育家是（）。
A．卢梭B．马卡连柯C．赫尔巴特D．苏霍姆林斯基6．唐代“六学二馆”是指（）。
A．地方官学B．图书馆C．中央官学D．私学7．“教也者，长善而救其失者也”的思想出自（）。
A．《论语》B．《学记》C．《孟子》D．《师说》8．察举制产生于（）。
A．周代B．秦朝C．西汉D．隋朝9．主张“教育的目的是为完满生活做准备”的教育家是（）。
A．柏拉图B．赫尔巴特C．陶行知D．斯宾塞10．义务教育制度最早诞生于（）。
A．19世纪的美国B．20世纪的俄国C．16世纪的德国D．18世纪的英国11．世界上第一本《教育心理学》的作者是（）。
关于2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平和学科综合水平全国统一考试报名工作的通知
关于2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平和学科综合水平全国统一考试报名工作的通知各有关学院：根据国务院学位办[2009]1号文件和陕学位办[2009]3号文件要求，现将2009年外国语水平和学科综合水平全国统一考试工作的有关事项通知如下：一．外国语水平考试的语种和学科综合水平考试的学科范围1．外国语水平考试的主要语种为：英语、俄语、法语、德语和日语。
以同等学力申请硕士学位人员参加外国语考试的语种，必须与接受其申请硕士学位相应学科全日制在校硕士研究生培养方案规定的语种相同。
申请外国语专业硕士学位的同等学力人员须参加外国语水平考试。
对于获学士学位时为外国语专业的同等学力人员申请外国语专业的硕士学位，参加外国语考试的语种，须与申请硕士学位的外国语专业全日制在校硕士研究生培养方案中规定的第二外国语语种相同。
全国统一组织的外国语水平考试不含听力测试。
2．学科综合水平考试的学科范围：全国进行学科综合水平考试的学科有：哲学、经济学（含理论经济学、应用经济学）、法学、政治学、社会学、教育学、心理学、中国语言文学、新闻传播学、生物学、历史学、地理学、机械工程、动力工程及工程热物理、电气工程、电子科学与技术、信息与通信工程、控制科学与工程、计算机科学与技术、建筑学、作物学、临床医学、管理科学与工程、工商管理、农林经济管理、公共管理和图书馆、情报与档案管理。
凡申请上述学科硕士学位的同等学力人员必须参加相应学科综合水平考试。
二．考试时间: 2009年5月31日（星期日）外国语上午9：00至11：30 学科综合下午2：30至5：30三．考试地点：西安交通大学西校区（西安市雁塔西路74号）四．报名程序：1.报考资格:(1)参加外国语水平考试或学科综合水平考试的考生，必须是学士学位获得者，并在获得学士学位后工作三年（即2006年3月底以前获学士学位）以上，且已通过我校的考试资格审查。
(2)参加外国语考试或学科综合水平考试的考生，应是我校2005级～2008级的在职同等学力人员，并且必须在我校参加报名和考试。
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析2
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7— instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to8.Is there an adaptive value to9intelligence? That's the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance10at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real11of our own intelligence might be. This is12the mind of every animal I've evermet.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17, not merely how much of it there is.18, they would hope to study a 19question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C] inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive[C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads."The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of "The Open Mind" and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. "But we are taught instead to 'decide,' just as our president calls himself 'the Decider.' " She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book "This Year I Will..." and Ms. Markova's business partner. "That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being ________.A. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be ________A. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23. "ruts"(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to ________A. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova's comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ________?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Trey Duster, a NewYork University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's ___________.[A] easy availability[B] flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A] locate one's birth place[B] promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A] trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A] disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building[C] excessive sample comparison[D] lack of patent evaluation30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It's problems[C] DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts -- a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain whyeducation isn't developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system__________.[A] challenges economists and politicians[B] takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that__________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C] the U.S workforce has a better education[D] the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged__________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standardhistory of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "So much important attached to intellectual pursuits " According to many books and articles, New England's leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: "come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . "Our main end was to catch fish. "36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders wereoften __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave newdirection to anthropology. 43._____________.Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Émile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, hada single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known asdiffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas becameskilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the"survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's socialstructure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families,forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F] Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that worktogether to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perryincorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section ⅢWritingPart A2009年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46. 虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考研英语一考试真题
2009 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.- wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans isreally 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they livein? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind”and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers inthe late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. T he view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. T he researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23. ” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. M s. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ? A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. R yan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to thepublic , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than$2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA. But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by peopleclaiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents. Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on thecompany that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. I n paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s .[A]easy availability[B] flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] p opularity with households27. P TK is used to . [A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] c hoose children for adoption28. S keptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to. [A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] a chieve the claimed accuracy29. I n the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is . [A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. A n appropriate title for the text is most likely to be. [A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems [C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enoughpeople through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford moreeducation. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. T he author holds in paragraph 1 that the important ofeducation in poor countries.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] h as been overestimated32. I t is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system . [A]challenges economists and politicians[B] takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] r equires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that .[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C] the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. T he author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] a s a result of pressure on government35. A ccording to the last paragraph , development of education .[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] c annot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understoodideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as oneclergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world forreligion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. T he author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England .[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] i ntellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. I t is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] w ere obsessed with religious innovations38. T he early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay .[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] c reated a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. T he story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] f rustrated with family earnings40. T he text suggests that early settlers in New England.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] l eft few formal records for later referencePart B Directions:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41- 45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41. .American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to showhow all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42. .In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43..Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44. .Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45. .Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed fromsociety to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of humanbiology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] T hey also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F] Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] F or example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part C Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude andhabits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we maywell believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ Writing Part A51. D irections:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaperto1) give your opinions briefly and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Youdo not need to write the address.Part B52. D irections:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题（3）
Text 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social， political and intellectual development of these and all other societies； however， the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it， because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and， as a result， radically higher standards of living. Ironically， the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago， with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was， and remains， the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan， and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts —— a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job. More recently， while examining housing construction， the researchers discovered that illiterate， non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston， Texas，consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work. What is the real relationship between education and economic development？ We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all， that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10，000 years ago， they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things. As education improved， humanity's productivity potential， they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary， but not a sufficient， condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education， however， doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary，constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A] challenges economists and politicians[B] takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C] the U.S workforce has a better education[D] the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph ， development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy， nowhere else in colonial America was "So much important attached to intellectual pursuits " According to many books and articles， New England's leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding， dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life. To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life， we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity. The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629，There were political leaders like John Winthrop， an educated gentleman， lawyer， and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively， reaching both New World and Old World audiences， and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget ， however， that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers， let alone dependents and servants， left literary compositions to be analyzed， The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane， who emigrated in the late 1630s， left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion， economic frustrations ， and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible， told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate，and read the magical words： "come out from among them， touch no unclean thing ， and I will be your God and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched. Meanwhile， many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane's， as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . "Our main end was to catch fish. "36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later reference。
2009年同等学力英语真题解析
2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题Paper One 试卷一PartⅠDialogue Communication(略）PartⅡVocabularySection A11. 【答案】A【解析】abundant:丰富的，充裕的。
A项“丰富的，充足的，多的”；B项“足够的，充足的，充分的”；C项“足够的，充足的”；D项“可数的”。
因此正确答案为A项。
【译文】基因工程技术的应用非常丰富，选择一种适合这种情况的相当困难12. 【答案】B【解析】pledge:保证，发誓。
A项“准备”；B项“答应给予、C项“（以处置、送人、出售等方式）把……处理掉”；D项“投递，交出”。
因此正确答案为B项。
【译文】新当选的总统承诺要投入1300万美元拯救汽车工业。
13. 【答案】A【解析】channel：渠道，途径。
A项“媒介”；B项“地方”；C项“常去的地方”；D 项“隧道，地道”。
因此正确答案为A项。
【译文】美国承认联合国会成为更大外交活动的渠道。
14. 【答案】B【解析】take advantage of:利用。
A项“赶做，补做，抓紧处理（某事)”；B项“利用”；C项“使……显得更加清楚，使……更易于理解”；D项“去掉，排除，除去（某物)”。
因此正确答案为B项。
【译文】增长的业余时间以及灵活的工作模式允许更多的妇女好好利用工作机会。
15. 【答案】D【解析】fascinate:迷住；强烈地吸引住。
A项“给……留下深刻印象，使钦佩，使感动”；B项“（使）觉得有趣，使发笑，使高兴”；C项“使迷惑不解，使困惑，使伤脑筋”；D项“吸引”。
因此正确答案为D项。
【译文】没有人能够忍住不被科幻小说迷人的世界所吸引。
16. 【答案】C【解析】call off：停止，放弃。
A项“要求归还，收回”;B项“提议”；C项“取消”;D项“纵容”。
因此正确答案为C项。
【译文】参议员詹姆士·米克取消了芝加哥公立大学的一场联合抵制。
2009年同等学力申硕英语考试真题解析
大家下午好！紧张的09年同等学力申硕统考刚刚结束，大家一定想在第一时间了解到试题答案及整体试卷难度分析，学苑教育集团第一时间为大家进行视频真题解析。
下面有请学苑教育集团英语试题研究组核心成员，独家主讲曹书畅老师，为大家带来09年同等学力英语真题解析内容。
曹老师：大家好！今天在这里和大家相见很高兴。
在这里我把今年也就是上午6月份同等学力考试的内容给大家做一个简单的分析，因为时间有限，我们今天主要分析的部分是在卷子的一个整体的分析。
另外就是突出大家所关心的阅读部分和相应的二卷部分。
大家知道，今年考试大纲有所变化，去掉了改错部分题型，随之增加阅读部分，它的每篇文章增加了一道题，这样的话比原来的分值增加了5分，所以这部分应该是我们考生关注的重点，而且今年我们看到，我们所看到的文章中有难的文章，也有简单的文章，所以我会待会儿给大家做一个详细的讲解。
其他的部分题型，比如说口语交际和语词部分，还有完形部分，应该说跟往年基本相似，你像口语交际部分，应该没有大的变化，语词也是如此，在翻译和写作部分，我们可以看到，今年翻译的特点，英译汉，比较容易一些，涉及到的难词和难句都比较少一些，我在看到英译汉的时候比较高兴，它在第一段中，应该说在整个英译汉中可能出现一两个难词，那么其他部分的句型，像定语从句，和其他句型的表达，应该是我们学员都复习过的，所以我相信这个部分大家拿分不会低。
第二部分是汉译英，相反来讲，可能稍微的复杂一些。
因为这个部分它有一些短句的处理，是我们学员的不足之处，但是这个部分，我想它的用词比较简单，应该说我们的学员，我相信大家，在这个部分能拿到5分左右，问题不会太大。
那么写作部分，我们今天题目是写一篇博客文章，从类型上，从我们的所记的课文模板，包括我们所记的例句来看，这个部分我觉得大家应该拿到一个高分，因为比较容易。
那么，你在第一段中写出博客的流行性，第二段听你自己的一些观点，给出一个理由，最后给出一个总结。
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2009年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语考试Paper One 试卷一Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. A: Helen. you look great！You are much slimmer than last time I saw you.B: ______ Actually, I’ve been on a diet and I’ve been doing a keep-fit class too. A．No, thanks. B．Well, yes.C．You are flattering me. D．Are you kidding?2. A: I’m so sorry. I shouldn’t have thrown your violin away. Why didn’t you tell me it wasa birthday present from your Dad?B: ______ What is done is done.A．No problem. B．Don’t worry.C．Forget it. D．That is fine.3. A: It is really hard to maintain contact when people move around so much.B: ______A．You’re unlucky to have lost contact with your friends.B．That is right. I have been out of touch with my friends.C．Is it? People just drift apart indeed!D．I ask them to keep me informed about what they are doing.4. A: Hi, John, how are you? I heard you were sick.B: They must have confused me with somebody else.______A．I was sick last week. B．I could not agree with you more.C．I have never felt better. D．So you are right.5. A: It is not like George to be late for an appointment.B: ______ He’s always punctual.A．No way. B．Anyway he’s late.C．I don’t think so. D．You’re right.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. Man: That was an absolutely delicious meal. Your cooking is always superb but this time you have excelled yourself.Woman: I am glad you enjoyed it. It is a recipe I haven’t tried before.Question: What does the man think of the woman’s cooking？A．It is as good as always.B．It is good enough for something new.C．It is good, but not as good as before.D．It is better than usual.7. Man: Do you think that Bob is serious about Sally?Woman: Well, I know this. I’ve never seen him go out so often with the same gi rl.Question: What conclusion can we draw from the woman’s statement?A．Bob is serious about Sally.B．Bob never goes steady with a girl.C．Bob will soon change his girlfriend.D．Bob is not serious about Sally.8. Ma n: Everybody’s helping out with the dinner. Would you make the salad?Woman: Anything but that.Question: What does the woman mean?A．She does not want any salad.B．She will make the salad.C．She wants some salad.D．She’d rather do some other jobs.9. Man: You know what? You should invest the money yourself.Woman: That had crossed my mind.Question: What does the woman mean?A．The idea had bothered her. B．She had invested the money.C．The idea had occurred to her. D．She wouldn’t give it a try.10. Woman: Where do you plan to go for dinner?Man: I was thinking of going to Joe’s. It’s a stone’s throw away. Besides, the environment is good.Question: What can we learn about Joe’s？A．It is not far from here. B．It is not expensive.C．It is an interesting place. D．It is known for its specialty.Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11. Like flowers that have been waiting all winter to blossom, tourists are eager to burst forth with their cameras.A．survive B．breeze C．revive D．bloom12. The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one appropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A．sufficient B．plentiful C．adequate D．countable13. The newly elected president has pledged $13 million to the automobile industry for its survival.A．promised B．prepared C．disposed D．delivered14. The Americans recognize that the UN can be the channel for greater diplomatic activity. A．place B．medium C．resort D．tunnel15. The growth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women to take advantage of job opportunities.A．make use of B．catch up with C．cast light on D．get rid of16. Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.A．impressed B．amused C．attracted D．puzzled17. Senator James Meeks has called off a boycott of Chicago Public Schools, organized to protest Illinois’ education funding system.A．reclaimed B．proposed C．indulged D．canceled18. The new book focuses on the concept that to achieve and maintain total health, people need physical, social and emotional well-being.A．gain B．attain C．acquire D．gather19. The 16 percent fare increase would bring Chicago fares in line with those of other big cities.A．in cooperation with B．in agreement withC．in connection with D．in association with20. It is true that London is often sunless, damp and raw, though the occasional sunny days seem all the more attractive by contrast.A．mild B．chilly C．moist D．cloudySection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. Research shows heavy coffee drinking is ______ a small increase in blood pressure, but not enough to increase the risk for high blood pressure.A．associated with B．compared withC．attributed to D．referred to22. A large ______ of the sunlight never reaches the earth while infra-red heat given off by the earth is allowed to escape freely.A．proportion B．ratio C．rate D．fraction23. It is amusing that she ______ her father’s bad temper as well as her mother’s good looks. A．retained B．inherited C．preserved D．maintained24. ______ the few who have failed in their examination, all the other students in the hall are in very high spirits.A．In spite that B．But for C．For the sake of D．Apart from25. The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last ______ the attention of average Americans.A．clarified B．cultivated C．captured D．characterized26. Our neighbor Uncle Johnson is a stubborn man. Needless to say, we tried ______ to make him change his mind.A．in short B．in secret C．in danger D．in vain27. The western media was astonished to see that China’s GDP ______ by almost 40% just in two years’ time.A．flourished B．floated C．roared D．soared28. Unemployment seems to be the ______ social problem in this area and may undermine social stability.A．primitive B．prevalent C．previous D．premature29. Many people, when ill, see their doctors and ask them to ______ something that will make them feel better.A．prescribe B．describe C．revise D．devise30. Facing growing costs and shrinking tax ______, the government is now threatening to cut funding for environmental protection programs.A．budget B．collection C．revenue D．profitReading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe other day my son asked me if he could ride up to his elementary school on his bike and meet his friend. He wanted the both of them to ride back to our house so they could play video games and jump on the trampoline(蹦床). I have to admit, part of me wanted to say no. We can go pick him up or his parents can bring him over here, I thought. But my son is eleven years old now. And after all, I do let him ride his bike to school. But I also drive my daughter to school and I can see him on the way, making sure he is getting there safely.My husband thinks I am too overprotective. I don’t dare to let my children walk anywhere without one of us going along. As you pull out of our neighborhood，there is a shopping center across the street. My son always asks if he can ride his bike or walk over to the drugstore by himself. B ut crossing that street is just too dangerous. The cars fly around the corner like they’re driving in a car race. What if he gets hit? What if some teenage bullies are hanging out in the parking lot?I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers around every corner. Too many kidnaps, too many sex offenders. I went online and discovered there are 41 sex offenders in my area alone. I honestly don’t think my mom worr ied about such things when her children were young.Growing up in the 1970s was indeed a different time. I never wore a helmet(头盔) when I rode a bike. We were all over the neighborhood, on our bikes and on foot, coming home for dinner and then back out again until dark. We rode in the back of the truck, didn’t wear seatbelts. I walked to and from school every day…31. What did the author feel reluctant to let her son do?A．Meet his friend. B．Play video games.C．Ride his bike on streets. D．Jump on the trampoline.32. What does the author mean when she says “But my son is eleven years old now”?A．He is a bit too young to go out alone.B．He is old enough to be given some freedom now.C．He has reached the legal age for riding a bike.D．He can’t protect himself from road hazards.33. Given her husband’s attitude towards bringing up kids, he would most probably ______. A．drive his son to school to ensure safetyB．follow his son all the way to school and backC．ask the other boy’s parents to bring him over hereD．give his son more freedom in deciding what to do34. Which of the following is NOT considered by the author as a potential threat to kids? A．The drugstore. B．Teenage bullies.C．Child abusers. D．Cars racing by.35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．The social security back in the 1970s was no better than it is today.B．Today’s children enjoy more freedom than those in the 1970s.C．Children in the 1970s enjoyed more freedom than those today.D．Children today are more obedient to their parents.36. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?A．To show her concern over the increasing crime rate in her neighborhood．B．To compare today’s social environment with that of the 1970s.C．To describe her hesitation as to how much freedom she should give her son.D．To express her worried about both safety and security in her area．Passage TwoYou may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the “decompression zone”. Pe ople need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time”: the length of time people spend in a store.Traditionally retailers measure “football”, as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a Britishcompany tracked people’s phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth—not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1$ sales rose 1.3%.Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.37. In Paragraph 2, “decompression zone” is the area meant to ______.A．prepare shoppers for the mood of buyingB．offer shoppers a place to have a restC．encourage shoppers to try new productsD．provide shoppers with discount information38. Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers’ ______. A．common sense B．shopping habitsC．shopping psychology D．concerns with time39. Path intelligence uses a technology to ______.A．measure how long people stay at a storeB．count how many people3 enter a storeC．find out what people buy in a storeD．monitor what people say and do in a store40. What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales ______.A．was reversely linked to dwell timeB．was in direct proportion to dwell timeC．was affected more by football than by dwell timeD．was affected more by dwell time than by football41. The author argues that shoppers ______.A．exert more influence on stores than they imagineB．are more likely to make rational choices than they knowC．have more control over what they buy than they assumeD．tend to make more emotional decisions than they think42. The best title for the passage is ______.A．New Technology Boosts Stores’SalesB．How Shoppers Make Choices in StoresC．The Science behind Stores’ArrangementsD．Rational and Irrational Ways of ShoppingPassage ThreeAbout a century ago more people would not have appreciated the study of a foreign language as they do today. Gone are those days when patriotism towards one’s own language was a major obstacle to learning foreign languages, a time when most nations were trying to throw their alien rulers out of their countries in their freedom struggles. Gone are those days when people were proud of their mother or father tongues and considered that their languages alone will suffice the need to survive. Language skills today have become as important as other business and career skills like IT, vocational or professional skills. Thus learning a foreign language today hasbecome essential for an individual whether it is for careers, growing a business, or even to make an impression.All that one needs to possess these days is a drive to learn a foreign language and there are all kinds of institutes and courses that teach various foreign languages like French, German, Spanish, and Japanese. Today’s world economy has bridged the barriers of race, sex, color and religion and th e world has become a smaller place. Today’s businesses also demand language skills to expand and grow in other countries. Tens and hundreds of businesses world wide are expanding and growing their businesses by promoting them in countries other than their countries of origin. The tremendous growth of the Internet has further increased the demand for language skills. In Canada an official rule also says that all commercial establishments must have their websites created both in English and French, the official languages of the country.Language can also ease race and border barriers. You are more welcome in an alien nation if you know the language of the people there and can converse in their tongue. People in these countries immediately respect you and think you care about their culture as much as they do because in any culture language is the key identity.43. One of the reasons for not studying a foreign language in the past is ______.A．it was too difficult B．it was not allowedC．it was taught by foreign rulers D．it was seen as disloyalty44. According to the article, which of the following is true?A．Foreign language skills are of vital importance.B．People’s language skills are better than in the past.C．It’s easier nowadays to learn a foreign language.D．People today are not proud of their native language.45. What does “to make an impression” (Paragraph 1) probably mean?A．To remember things. B．To express ideas.C．To be liked by others. D．To show respect.46. The world has become smaller because of ______.A．business expansion B．the growth of the InternetC．the learning of foreign languages D．a globalized economy47. According to the article, the growth of the Internet requires ______.A．more bilingual websites B．more foreign language skillsC．better command of English D．more commercial establishments48. People in a foreign country will treat you with more respect if you speak their language because ______.A．they think you understand their cultureB．they think you love their countryC．it’s easier for them to communicate with youD．they believe you are a good language learnerPassage FourAll day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices. Instantaneous perceptions set off neutral reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.Over the past few years, scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how thesedeep patterns influence daily life. Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to public attention than Malcolm Gladwell.Gladwell’s new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talented individual s. But in fact, it’s another book about deep patterns. Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who created their own success, he argues. They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.Gladwell’s noncontroversial claim is that so me people have more opportunities than others. Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.Gladwell’s book is being received by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age. I t could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals. It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships, social bonds and cultures of achievement.Yet, I can’t help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries. They’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social forces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.Most successful people begin with two beliefs: the future can be better than the present, and I have the power to make it so. They were often showered by good fortunes, but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will. These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention. Control of attention is the ultimate individual power. People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them. They can choose from the patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.Gladwell’s social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity. And it doesn’t fully explain the genuine greatness of humanity’s talents. As the classical philosophers understood, examples of individual greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.49. In Paragraph 2, “these deep patterns” refers to all of the following EXCEPT______. A．genes B．social dynamicsC．neutral reactions D．instantaneous perceptions50. According to the author, Gladwell’s new book Outliers is mainly ______.A．about the importance of social arrangements to personal successB．A descriptive study of exceptionally talented individualsC．to discuss why some people have more opportunities than othersD．to explain why Bill Gates is much luckier than others51. It can be seen from Paragraph 5 that Gladwell’s book ______.A．is beginning to influence Obama’s PoliciesB．has become quite influentialC．has received severe criticismsD．assumes that people just pursue maximum profits52. According to the author, the most fundamental individual power is ______.A．control of attention B．individual willC．a good character D．exceptional creativity53. The author believes that individual greatness is more closely related to ______.A．social forces and genesB．good luck and educationC．individual genes and good educationD．individual character and creativity54. This passage is probably a ______.A．book report B．book reviewC．political essay D．news reportPassage FiveA very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control”. You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control”. “Death Control” is something rather different. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that include farming methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind．If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square meters. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the world’s land cannot produce food．Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its “capital”—its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.55. According to the article, what contributes to the population increase？A．Birth explosion. B．Birth Control.C．Technological innovations. D．Death Control.56. The word “incurable” in Paragraph 2 means ______.A．common B．epidemic C．unknown D．untreatable57. There isn’t enough land to support human being because ______.A．most of the world’s land is unusableB．there are more seas than land in the worldC．the world’s land has already been taken upD．the world’s land is not distributed equally58. In Paragraph 4 the writer implies that fertile soils are ______.A．limited B．renewable C．nonrenewable D．productive59. What does “to limit their reproduction” in the last paragraph mean?A．To control death B．To produce less goodsC．To practice birth control D．To increase60. What do you think the writer is really concerned about?A．Long life spans. B．Population increase.C．The success of “Death Control”. D．Overuse of resources.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)Directions：In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Nuclear energy is an efficient and convenient substitute for conventional forms of energy which were found in special geographical locations. Large amounts of 61 and effort are required to __62__ these locations. Once the sites are found, men and equipment must be brought to tap and use these sources of energy. However, a large proportion of such sites are found only in far and __63__ places. This increases the difficulties of 64 these forms of energy. With nuclear energy, such difficulties are not present. Nuclear reactors can easily be built anywhere, and man does not have to compete with the 65 of nature in order to obtain the energy. For equal amounts of energy, nuclear energy is much more convenient and inexpensive to obtain than conventional sources of energy.With nuclear energy, the amount of pollution is greatly reduced. 66 the production of nuclear energy is based on the fission（裂变）of atoms, pollution is kept to a very low level. The energy produced in the reactors is converted into heat and electricity, and these have __67 or no pollution at all. Conventional forms of fuel, 68 , produce large amounts of pollution.Production of nuclear energy uses the 69 of the fission of atoms; thus, __70__ amounts of energy can be obtained from it. The world’s reserves of oil, coal and natural gas are running __71 at a tremendous rate and current estimates predict that 72 of the 21st century, most of these conventional fuels will be used up. Nuclear energy is the exception 73 _ this gloomy prediction. Through splitting and fusing atoms, large amounts of energy can be produced, and 74 this process can go on and on until all our energy needs are satisfied. The 75 of nuclear energy as boundless source of energy is indeed great, and we must harness it whenever possible as conventional fuels will not be around much longer.61．A．capital B．incentive C．interest D．currency62．A．point B．recognize C．label D．identify63．A．single B．isolated C．sole D．solitary 64．A．concentrating B．detecting C．selecting D．harnessing65．A．potentials B．powers C．forces D．strengths66．A．If B．While C．Since D．Though67．A．much B．little C．more D．less68．A．as a result B．in general C．in effect D．on the other hand 69．A．rule B．process C．principle D．function 70．A．incomplete B．definite C．defined D．infinite71．A．up B．out C．away D．down72．A．by the end B．at the end C．in the end D．to the end73．A．in B．for C．to D．of74．A．substantially B．additionally C．theoretically D．effectively 75．A．potential B．use C．popularity D．transformationPaper TwoPart I Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section)Section ADirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Third-hand smoke is tobacco smoke contamination that lingers in carpets, clothes and other materials hours or even days after a cigarette is put out. According to a study, a large number of people, particularly smokers, have no idea that third-hand smoke is a health hazard for people. Of the 1,500 smokers and nonsmokers surveyed, the vast majority agreed that second-hand smoke is dangerous. But when asked whether they agreed with the statement, “Breathing air in a room today where people smoked yesterday can harm your health,” only 65% of nonsmokers and 43% of smokers answered “yes.”Section BDirections: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.有朝一日我身为人母，我会带孩子们去野营。