《六级复习全书-世博专题》
上海世博会专项阅读
上海世博会专项阅读是展览会，更是狂欢会刘伟伟〝一切始于世博会〞，从自动链式精纺机、大功率蒸汽机、机床，到混凝土、滚珠轴承、电话、电报、留声机和感光胶片，从电的发明到电动机、电视机、录音机和摄影机，从尼龙、塑料到磁悬浮和航天飞机，历次工业革命的最新成果均是通过世博会推向全球市场。
始于1851年大英万国工业博览会〔伦敦三次举办世博会〕的世博会，历来关注全球问题，探求解决之道。
从历届世博会的情况看，好的主题、好的创意是成功的一半。
自1933年芝加哥世博会〔芝加哥两次举办世博会〕确立主题以来，世博会大多数主题与科技有关，其他的那么与自然、和平等理念有关。
二战后，基于对战争的反思，世博会关注和平与发展。
1958年布鲁塞尔世博会〔布鲁塞尔两次举办世博会〕的主题是〝科学、文明和人性〞，1970年大阪世博会的主题为〝人类的进步与和谐〞。
1970年以来，可持续发展的命题受到推崇。
1974年美国斯波坎世博会提出〝无污染的进步〞，1984年新奥尔良世博会提出〝水乃生命之源〞，2019年里斯本世博会的主题是〝海洋──未来的财富〞，2019年德国汉诺威世博会那么倡导〝人类、自然、科技──展示一个全新的世界〞。
世博会既是展览会，更是狂欢会。
在炫奇的工业产品之外，大众也享受到世博会的欢乐生活。
麦片和爆米花诞生于1893年芝加哥世博会。
冰淇淋甜筒那么是1904年美国圣路易斯世博会上的意外发明。
1900年，世博会与奥运会邂逅于巴黎〔巴黎七次举办世博会〕。
1926年费城世博会〔费城两次举办世博会〕举行了多项体育比赛，仅马拉松比赛就吸引了100多万观众。
电视摄影机使美国观众在屏幕上观看了1939年纽约世博会开幕式〔纽约两次举办世博会〕。
随着信息时代的来临，世博会的产品展示功能在减弱，为了收支平衡和保持人气，观光娱乐功能更加突出。
参展国的美食盛会、民间工艺制作表演与民族文艺表演成了世博会的保留节目。
〝生命中的一次体验〞是1982年美国诺克斯维尔世博会的广告词，游客可以观赏到国际著名艺术家的表演：百老汇剧团、芭蕾舞团、古典乐团、摇滚乐团和乡村乐团等等。
世博基础知识[1].doc
![世博基础知识[1].doc](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a702901e04a1b0717ed5ddca.png)
世博会基础知识题库世博会究竟是一个什么样的“会”?答：世博会的全称是世界博览会，它是由一个国家的政府主办、多个国家或国际组织参加的国际性大型博览会，称得上是世界上最高级别的展览活动。
世博会和我们平常所说的展览会有区别吗？答：世M会和我们平常所说的展览会是不同的。
世薄会是非贸易性的M览会，其参展主体是国家政府和国际纟H•织。
与一般展览会相比，世博会举办规格高、持续时间长、展出规模大、参展国家也多。
世博会的理念是什么？答：世酋会的理念是理解、沟通、欢聚、合作。
世博会有哪几类？答：世博会有两类，注册类世博会和认可类世博会。
注册类世博会，也叫做“综合性世博会”，拥有综合性主题，展出内容包罗刀象，展期通常为6 个月，每5年举办一次。
屮国2010年上海世博会就属于这类。
认可类世博会，也称为“专业性世博会”，展出的主题专业性较强，如：生态、气象、海洋、陆路运输、山脉、城市规划、医药等。
展览规模较小，展期通常为3个月，在两届注册类世M会之间举办一次。
世博会主要有哪些形式？答：世博会主要有展示、论坛和活动三大形式。
各展馆的展示构成了世博会的主要形式Z-o 1H：博会的园区内设有各类展馆，其屮既冇主办方设立的国家馆和主题馆，也有参展方设立的国家馆、国际组织馆和企业馆。
世博会上设有备种类型的论坛，邀请备国政府官员和备界人士参与，既有高层次的“高端论坛”、“主题论坛”，又有适合普通观众参与的“大众论坛”。
世博会现场的活动主要有正式庆典活动、文艺汇演活动、文化交流活动等。
世博会的雏形是什么？答：世博会起源于屮世纪欧洲商人的定期集市。
在中世纪，欧洲商人每隔一定时间都会举行有一定规模的集会，在集会上进行商品交易。
但那时还是纯粹的商贸活动，真正的转变发生在19世纪。
随看欧洲工业革命的兴起，新技术和新产品不断涌现，人们逐渐开始举办一些以宣传、展出新产品和科技成果为目的的展览会，但展品只展不卖。
后来，这种展览会的规模逐步扩大，参展的地域范围也越来越广，直至1X51年，终于发展成为由许多国家共同参与的世界性博览会。
沪教版六年级下册英语第12单元
第一部分：引言1. 介绍学科和教材本文将介绍沪教版六年级下册英语第12单元的内容。
这是一个初中阶段的英语学科，涵盖了六年级下学期的内容。
第二部分：单元概览2. 单元主题本单元的主题是“Going to the Museum”。
主要介绍了参观博物馆的相关内容，包括词汇、句型和语法。
3. 课文内容课文包括了关于参观自然历史博物馆和艺术博物馆的内容。
学生将通过阅读、听力练习和口语练习来学习相关知识和技能。
第三部分：教学目标4. 知识目标学生将学会描述博物馆的不同部分，并且能够使用一些相关的词汇和句型来介绍他们的博物馆之行。
5. 能力目标学生将提高阅读和听力能力，同时也会有一定的口语表达能力提升。
6. 情感目标学生将通过参观博物馆这一特殊的体验，激发对历史、艺术和科学的兴趣，培养他们对文化和知识的尊重和热爱。
第四部分：教学方法7. 教学方法教师将利用多媒体课件、教学参观、小组合作学习等多种教学方法来帮助学生学习本单元的内容。
通过观看视频、听力练习和口语表达等方式来巩固学生的英语知识。
第五部分：教学内容8. 词汇本单元的词汇包括地方名称、博物馆部分、展示品名称等，学生需要掌握这些词汇以便能够描述博物馆的不同部分和展品。
9. 句型本单元的句型主要涉及描述性的句子和疑问句，如“What's in this room?”、“Which part do you like best?”等，学生需要掌握这些句型以便能够进行对话交流。
10. 语法本单元的语法部分主要是现在进行时的用法和一般疑问句的构成。
学生需要掌握这些语法知识以便能够正确地使用句型和进行交流。
第六部分：教学过程11. 学习方式教师将倡导以学生为中心的教学方式，通过“体验式学习”、“合作学习”等方式，激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性。
12. 课堂设计课堂上将设置多种学习环节，如课前热身、听力练习、互动对话、小组讨论等环节，以便学生能够全面、系统地学习本单元的知识。
recent initiaatives by the basel-based r_qt0806
BIS Quarterly ReviewJune 2008 International banking and financial market developmentsBIS Quarterly ReviewMonetary and Economic DepartmentEditorial Committee:Claudio Borio Frank Packer Paul Van den BerghWhite Már Gudmundsson Eli Remolona William Robert McCauley Philip TurnerGeneral queries concerning this commentary should be addressed to Frank Packer(tel +41 61 280 8449, e-mail: frank.packer@), queries concerning specific parts to theauthors, whose details appear at the head of each section, and queries concerning the statisticsto Philippe Mesny (tel +41 61 280 8425, e-mail: philippe.mesny@).Requests for copies of publications, or for additions/changes to the mailing list, should be sent to:Bank for International SettlementsPress & CommunicationsCH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandE-mail: publications@Fax: +41 61 280 9100 and +41 61 280 8100This publication is available on the BIS website ().©Bank for International Settlements 2008. All rights reserved. Brief excerpts may be reproduced or translated provided the source is cited.ISSN 1683-0121 (print)ISSN 1683-013X (online)BIS Quarterly ReviewJune 2008International banking and financial market developmentsOverview : a cautious return of risk tolerance (1)Credit market turmoil gives way to fragile recovery (1)Box: Estimating valuation losses on subprime MBS with theABX HE index – some potential pitfalls (6)Bond yields recover as markets stabilise (8)A turning point for equity prices? (11)Emerging market investors discount growth risks (12)Tensions in interbank markets remain high (13)Highlights of international banking and financial market activity (17)The international banking market (17)The international debt securities market (23)Derivatives markets (24)Box: An update on local currency debt securities marketsin emerging market economies (28)Special featuresInternational banking activity amidst the turmoil (31)Patrick McGuire and Goetz von PeterThe build-up of international bank balance sheets (32)Developments in the second half of 2007 (36)Bilateral exposures of national banking systems (39)Concluding remarks (42)Managing international reserves: how does diversification affect financial costs? 45 Srichander RamaswamyFramework of the analysis (46)Risk-return trade-offs (48)Financial cost of acquiring reserves through FX intervention (49)Box: Methodology for computing estimates of financial cost (51)Central bank objectives and FX reserve allocation (53)Conclusions (54)Credit derivatives and structured credit: the nascent markets of Asiaand the Pacific (57)Eli M Remolona and Ilhyock ShimCredit default swaps (58)Traded CDS indices (60)Collaterised debt obligations (61)How the region’s markets have fared in the global turmoil (63)Conclusion (65)Asian banks and the international interbank market (67)Robert N McCauley and Jens ZukunftAsian banks’ international interbank liquidity: where do we stand? (68)Foreign banks and the local funding gap (73)Box: The Asian financial crisis: international liquidity lessons (76)Conclusions (78)BIS Quarterly Review, June 2008 iiiRecent initiatives by Basel-based committees and groupsBasel Committee on Banking Supervision (81)Joint Forum (84)Financial Stability Forum (87)Statistical Annex ........................................................................................ A1 Special features in the BIS Quarterly Review ................................ B1 List of recent BIS publications .............................................................. B2Notations used in this Reviewe estimatedlhs, rhs left-hand scale, right-hand scalemillionbillion thousand… notavailableapplicable. not– nil0 negligible$ US dollar unless specified otherwiseDifferences in totals are due to rounding.iv BIS Quarterly Review, June 2008BIS Quarterly Review, June 20081Ingo Fender +41 61 280 8415ingo.fender@Peter Hördahl+41 61 280 8434peter.hoerdahl@Overview: a cautious return of risk toleranceFollowing deepening turmoil and rising concerns about systemic risks in the first two weeks of March, financial markets witnessed a cautious return of investor risk tolerance over the remainder of the period to end-May 2008. The process of disorderly deleveraging which had started in 2007 intensified from end-February, with asset markets becoming increasingly illiquid and valuations plunging to levels implying severe stress. However, markets subsequently rebounded in the wake of repeated central bank action and the Federal Reserve-facilitated takeover of a large US investment bank. In sharp contrast to these favourable developments, interbank money markets failed to recover, as liquidity demand remained elevated.Mid-March was a turning point for many asset classes. Amid signs of short covering, credit spreads rallied back to their mid-January values before fluctuating around these levels throughout May. Market liquidity improved, allowing for better price differentiation across instruments. The stabilisation of financial markets and the emergence of a somewhat less pessimistic economic outlook also contributed to a turnaround in equity markets. In this environment, government bond yields bottomed out and subsequently rose considerably. A reduction in the demand for safe government securities contributed to this, as did growing perceptions among investors that the impact from the financial turmoil on real economic activity might turn out to be less severe than had been anticipated. Emerging market assets, in turn, performed broadly in line with assets in the industrialised economies, as the balance of risk shifted from concerns about economic growth to those about inflation.Credit market turmoil gives way to fragile recoveryFollowing two weeks of increasingly unstable conditions in early March, credit markets were buoyed by a cautious return of risk tolerance, with spreads recovering from the very wide levels reached during the first quarter of 2008. Sentiment turned in mid-March, following repeated interventions by the Federal Reserve to improve market functioning and to help avert the collapse of a major US investment bank. As these actions alleviated earlier concerns about risks to the financial system, previously dysfunctional markets resumed trading and prices rallied across a variety of risky assets.2BIS Quarterly Review, June 2008Between end-February and end-May, the US five-year CDX high-yield index spread tightened by about 144 basis points to 573, while corresponding investment grade spreads fell by 63 basis points to 102. European and Japanese spreads broadly mirrored the performance of the major US indices, declining by between 25 and 153 basis points overall. Between 10 and 17 March, all five major indices had been pushed out to or near the widest levels seen since their inception. They then rallied back and seemed to stabilise around their mid-January values, remaining significantly above the levels prevailing before the start of the market turmoil in mid-2007 (Graph 1).business lines, tightening repo haircuts caused a number of hedge funds and other leveraged investors to unwind existing positions. As a result, concerns underlying exposures are almost entirely protected by federal guarantees, as summer of 2007 (Graph 3, right-hand panel).BIS Quarterly Review, June 20083Fears about collapsing financial markets reached a peak in the week March, triggering repeated policy actions by the US authorities. investment grade credit default swap (CDS) indices underperforming lower-quality benchmarks (Graph 4, left-hand and centre panels). Spreads were temporarily arrested when, on 11 March, the Federal Reserve announced an expansion of its securities lending activities targeting the large US dealer banks (see section on money markets and Table 1 below). European CDS indices tightened by more than 10 basis points on the news, while the two key basis points down, respectively (Graph 1). allowing it to make secured advance payments to the troubled investment These developments appeared to herald a turning point in the market, funds target down to 2.25%. Earnings announcements by major investment banks on 18 and 19 March that were better than anticipated provided further support, with investors increasingly adopting the view that various central bank initiatives aimed at reliquifying previously dysfunctional markets were gradually gaining traction. Consistent with perceptions of a considerable reduction in systemic risk, spreads, and particularly those for financial sector and other investment grade firms, tightened from the peaks reached in early March(Graph 4). Movements were partially driven by the unwinding of speculative short positions, as suggested by changes in pricing differentials across products with similar exposures, according to the ease with which such positions can be opened or closed. For example, spreads on CDS contracts referencing the major credit indices moved more strongly than those on the same indices’ constituent names (Graph 1, centre and right-hand panels). Similarly, CDS markets outperformed those for comparable cash bonds, as market participants adjusted their synthetic trades.risks (Graph 1, centre and right-hand panels). Similarly, implied volatilities from CDS index options eased into the second quarter, indicating a somewhat reduced uncertainty about shorter-run credit spread movements (Graph 3, centre and right-hand panels).losses based on ABX prices (see box). This was despite the lack of a recovery for the index series with lower original ratings, whose prices continued to4 BIS Quarterly Review, June 2008BIS Quarterly Review, June 20085suggest expectations of complete writedowns of all underlying bonds by mid-2009 (Graph 2, centre panel). At these low levels, and with none of the ABX indices having experienced any principal writedowns so far, investors appeared to be pricing in the possibility of legislation writing down mortgage principal. Against this background, issuance of private-label mortgage-backed securities remained depressed, with volume growth coming mainly from US agency-Supported by optimism about banks’ recapitalisation efforts, spreads pace of capital replenishment. Following news of a rights issue on 31 March, CDS spreads referencing debt issued by Lehman Brothers tightened. UBS announced large first quarter losses and a fully underwritten capital increase on 1 April, and other institutions followed over the rest of the month. Globally, banks managed to raise more than $100 billion of new capital in April alone, stemming the deterioration in capital ratios. Financial CDS spreads, the monoline segment excluded, outperformed corresponding equity prices in the process (Graph 4, right-hand panel), reflecting diminishing concerns about imminent financial sector risk as well as the dilutory effects of equity financing. Markets retraced some of these gains in early May, partially driven by strong supply flows from corporate issuers that included, at $9 billion, the largest US dollar deal by a non-US borrower in seven years. Volumes were dominated by6 BIS Quarterly Review, June 2008Pitfalls in using the ABX. Estimated mark to market losses and actual writedowns made by banks and other investors can differ for a variety of reasons. Analysts, depending on their objective, thus have to be mindful of potential sources of bias. At least three such sources can be identified, of which two are specific to the ABX index:•Accounting treatment. Subprime MBS are held by a variety of investors and for different purposes. While large amounts of outstanding subprime MBS are known to reside inbanks’ trading books, banks and other investors may also hold these securities tomaturity. This can result in different accounting treatments, which would tend to deflateactual writedowns and impairment charges relative to estimates of mark to market losseson the basis of market indices, such as the ABX. The size of this effect, however, isdifficult to determine. Further complexities are added once securities cease to be tradedin active markets, implying the use of valuation techniques, which may differ acrossinvestors, in establishing fair value.5•Market coverage. ABX prices may not be representative of the total subprime universe, due to limited index coverage of the overall market. Original balance across all four serieshas averaged about $31 billion. This compares to average monthly MBS issuance ofsome $36 billion over the 10 quarters up to mid-2007, ie almost a month’s worth ofsubprime MBS supply per index series. Similarly, with 2004–07 vintage subprime MBSvolumes estimated at around $600 billion in outstanding amounts, each series representssome 5% of the overall universe on average. At the same time, ABX deal composition isknown to be quite similar in terms of collateral attributes (such as FICO scores and loan-to-value ratios) to the overall market (by vintage).6 Therefore, despite somewhat limitedcoverage, this particular source of bias may not be large.•Deal-level coverage. Similarly, ABX prices may not be representative because each index series covers only part of the capital structure of the 20 deals included in the index(see Graph A, right-hand panel, for an illustration).7 In particular, tranches referenced bythe AAA indices are not the most senior pieces in the capital structure, but those with thelongest duration (expected average life) – the so-called “last cash flow bonds”. Theseclaims will receive any cash flow allocations sequentially after all other AAA trancheshave been paid; and tend to switch to pro rata pay only when the highest mezzaninebond has been written down. It follows that AAA ABX index prices are going to reflectdurations that are longer, and effective subordinations that are lower, than those of theremaining AAA subprime MBS universe. As a result, using newly available data for MBStranches with shorter durations, the $119 billion of losses implied by the ABX AAA indicesas of end-May would be some 62% larger than those implied under more realisticassumptions.8_________________________________1 See, for example, International Monetary Fund, Global Financial Stability Report, April 2008, pp 46–52, and Box 1 in Bank of England, Financial Stability Report, April 2008.2 Supplementary indices, called ABX HE PENAAA, were introduced in May 2008 to provide additional pricing information for all four existing vintages.3 An alternative approach, likely to lead to very different results, would estimate future default-related cash flow shortfalls on the basis of deal-level or aggregate data for subprime securities. To obtain these estimates, such methodologies rely on information about collateral performance and require the analyst to make assumptions about structural relationships and model parameters. Typical subprime loss projections, for example, use delinquency data and assumptions about factors such as delinquency-to-default transitions, default timing, and losses-given-default. See Box 1 in the Overview section of the December 2007 BIS Quarterly Review for an example on the basis of an approach devised by UBS. 4Mark to market losses (relative to par) are calculated assuming that unrated tranches are written down completely; ABX prices for the BBB– indices are used to mark BB collateral; rated tranches from the 2004 vintage are assumed unimpaired; outstanding amounts remain static.5 For details, see Global Public Policy Committee, Determining fair value of financial instruments under IFRS in current market conditions, December 2007.6 See, for example, UBS, Mortgage Strategist, 17 October 2006. 7 Incomplete coverage at the deal level further reduces effective market coverage: typical subprime MBS structures have some 15 tranches per deal, of which only five were originally included in the ABX indices. As a result, each series references less than 15% of the underlying deal volume at issuance.8 Duration effects at the AAA level are bound to be significant for overall loss estimates as the AAA classes account for the lion’s share of MBS capital structures. Using prices for the newly instituted PENAAA indices, which reference “second to last” AAA bonds, to calculate AAA mark to market losses generates an estimate of $73 billion. This, in turn, translates into an overall valuation loss of $205 billion (ie some 18% below the unadjusted estimate of $250 billion).capitalisation had recovered, while remaining weaker than before the crisis. At the same time, still-elevated implied volatilities suggested ongoing investor uncertainty over the future trajectory of credit markets. With the credit cycle continuing to deteriorate and related losses on exposures outside the residential mortgage sector looming, it was thus unclear whether liquidity supply and risk tolerance had recovered to an extent that would help maintain this improved environment on a sustained basis.Bond yields recover as markets stabiliseFrom its low point on 17 March, the 10-year US Treasury bond yield rose by 75 basis points to reach 4.05% at the end of May. During this period, 10-year yields in the euro area and Japan climbed by around 70 and 50 basis points, respectively, to 4.40% and 1.75% (Graph 5, left-hand panel). In US and euro area bond markets, the increase in yields was particularly pronounced for short maturities, with two-year yields rising by 130 basis points in the United States and by almost 120 basis points in the euro area (Graph 5, centre panel). Two-year yields went up in Japan too, but by a more modest 35 basis points. In addition to reduced safe haven demand for government securities, the rise in short-term yields reflected a reassessment among investors of the need for monetary easing, following the stabilisation of financial markets.In the first two weeks of March, as the financial turmoil deepened and forward rates dropping (Graph 6, right-hand panel). While flight to safety and other effects relating to the volatility in financial markets may have influenced consistent with the observed fall at the short end of the forward break-evencurve. At the same time, these same concerns led investors to increasinglyexpect the Federal Reserve to maintain a more accommodative policy stancethan normal in an effort to contain the fallout on economic growth. Insofar asthis was seen as likely to lead to higher prices down the road, it could explainthe rise in distant forward break-even rates at the time.As the situation in financial markets stabilised after the rescue of BearStearns in mid-March, and perceptions of the economic outlook improvedsomewhat, the US forward break-even curve shifted in the opposite directionand flattened considerably. To a large extent, this shift in the forward curve islikely to have reflected a reversal of the same influences that had been at playin the first two weeks of March: the dampening effect on prices coming from theturmoil was perceived to be weaker after mid-March, while the Federal Reservewas seen to be less likely to deliver further sharp rate cuts. Moreover, upwardprice pressures appeared to intensify in the short to medium term, with foodprices rising continuously and oil prices reaching new all-time highs during thisperiod (Graph 5, right-hand panel), pushing near-term forward break-evenrates further upwards.real yields reflected a combination of expectations of higher average realinterest rates in coming years and a reversal of flight to safety pressures. Theformer component, in turn, was due to perceptions among investors that thereal economic fallout from the financial turmoil was likely to be less severe thanhad previously been anticipated. This was despite indications of deterioratingconsumer confidence amid tighter bank lending standards and continuedweakness in US housing markets. The revival in investor confidence seemedinstead to follow from the stabilisation in markets and from a number ofrelatively upbeat macroeconomic announcements. These included better thangovernment securities.In line with perceptions that the stabilisation of markets had reduced therisks to economic growth somewhat, prices of short-term interest rateindicating expectations of a period of stable rates, followed by rising rates inthe first half of 2009 (Graph 7, left-hand panel). In the euro area, EONIA swapprices at the beginning of March had signalled expectations of sizeable ECBrate cuts, but by end-May prices had shifted to reflect expectations of graduallyincreasing policy rates (Graph 7, centre panel). Meanwhile in Japan,expectations of mildly falling policy rates in March had by May been revised toindicate rising rates (Graph 7, right-hand panel).A turning point for equity prices?to end-2007 levels, gained almost 10% between 17 March and end-May. Equity markets in Europe and Japan, which had seen losses in excess of 20% between the turn of the year and 17 March, subsequently also displayed a strong recovery, with the EURO STOXX gaining 11% and the Nikkei 225 rising Reflecting the improved situation in financial markets during this period, by almost 20% and 34%, respectively. These gains occurred despiteannouncements by several banks of record losses during the first quarter amidcontinued credit-related write-offs. Investors obviously took solace from the factthat losses – although big – were no worse than expected, and that a numberof banks had been successful in their recapitalisation efforts (see credit marketsection above).surprises remained well above that of negative surprises, provided somesupport for equity prices. In addition, as fears failed to materialise that economic growth might slow dramatically in the first few months of the year,investors increasingly began to see equity valuations as attractive following thesharp price declines in late 2007 and early 2008. markets recovered after a sharp dip in March (Graph 8, right-hand panel).Emerging market investors discount growth risksequities fell up to mid-March, before rebounding in the wake of the change inmarket sentiment following the Bear Stearns rescue in the United States.Between end-February and end-May, the MSCI emerging market indexgained about 4% in local currency terms, and was up more than 14% from thelows established in mid-March. Latin American markets, which had seen ahigh trading volumes in commodity derivatives (see the Highlights section inthis issue) and speculative demand as a source of part of that strength, otherspointed to low supply elasticities and expectations of sustained rates ofindustrialisation throughout the emerging markets. With the region being amajor net commodities importer and natural disaster contributing to weakerequity prices in China, Asian markets were broadly flat over the period.Emerging Europe, in turn, remained exposed to the risk of a reversal in privatecapital flows, owing to large current account deficits and associated financingneeds in a number of countries. Nevertheless, strong gains in Russia and thebetter than expected growth performance of major European economies in thefirst quarter seemed to aid equity markets in May.Emerging market credit spreads, as measured by the EMBIG index,accounting for most of the spread tightening, the EMBIG remained almost flatin return terms, gaining about 1.1% between end-February and end-May(Graph 9, left-hand panel). Large stocks of foreign reserves and favourablemacroeconomic performance in key emerging market economies continued toprovide support, aiding the market recovery. Spread dispersion remained high,pointing to ongoing price differentiation according to credit quality (Graph 10,centre panel). At the same time, with inflation running well above target in anumber of major emerging market economies, policy credibility appeared tobecome more of a concern, putting pressure on local bond markets. Risinginflation expectations, combined with increasing US Treasury yields andrelatively resilient markets during the earlier stages of the recent marketturmoil, may thus have contributed to a somewhat more muted performancefrom emerging market bonds relative to other asset markets over the periodsince mid-March.Tensions in interbank markets remain highas high at the end of May as three months earlier, across most horizons and inall three major markets (Graph 10). This appeared to imply expectations thatinterbank strains were likely to remain severe well into the future.After a relatively smooth turn of the year, interbank market tensions hadappeared to ease somewhat until early March 2008, and Libor-OIS spreadshad shown some signs of stabilising. However, as the financial turmoilsuddenly deepened in the second week of March, following an acceleration inmargin calls and rapid unwinding of trades (see the credit section above),interbank market pressures quickly increased. With market rumoursproliferating about imminent liquidity problems in one or more large investmentbanks, banks became increasingly wary of lending to others. At the same time,their own demand for funds jumped as they sought to avoid being perceived ashaving a shortage of liquidity.Selected central bank liquidity measures during the period under review7 March The Federal Reserve increases the size of its Term Auction Facility (TAF) to $100 billion andextends the maturity of its repos to up to one month.11 March The Federal Reserve introduces the Term Securities Lending Facility (TSLF), which allowsprimary dealers to borrow up to $200 billion of Treasury securities against collateral. Theexisting dollar swap arrangements between the Federal Reserve and the ECB and the SNB areincreased from a total of $24 billion to $36 billion.16 March The Federal Reserve introduces the Primary Dealer Credit Facility (PDCF), which providesovernight funding for primary dealers in exchange for collateral. The Federal Reserve alsolowers the spread between the discount rate and the federal funds rate from 50 to 25 basispoints, and lengthens the maximum maturity from 30 to 90 days.28 March The ECB announces that the maturity of its longer-term refinancing operations (LTROs) wouldbe extended from up to three months to a maximum of six months.21 April The Bank of England introduces the Special Liquidity Scheme, under which banks can swapilliquid assets for Treasury bills.2 May The Federal Reserve boosts the size of its TAF programme to $150 billion, and announces abroadening of the collateral eligible for the TSLF auctions. The dollar swap arrangements withthe ECB and the SNB are increased further, from $36 billion to $62 billion.Source: Central bank press releases. Table 1The near collapse and subsequent takeover of Bear Stearns onMarch highlighted the risks that banks face in such situations. On the would not be allowed to fail, and this helped restore order in other markets. On the other hand, the speed with which Bear Stearns’ access to market liquidity had collapsed underscored the vulnerability of other banks in this regard, which kept Libor-OIS spreads high even as CDS spreads on banks and brokerages Throughout the period, central banks maintained and even stepped up activity from central banks seemed to have limited immediate impact oninterbank rates. To some extent, this may have reflected the fact that while thesums involved in central bank liquidity schemes were large in absolute terms,they were still rather limited compared to banks’ assessment of their overallliquidity needs against the background of a sharp decline in traditional sourcesof funding. One significant source of short-term funding for banks in the pasthas been money market mutual funds. Such funds have seen substantialinflows since the outbreak of the financial turmoil (Graph 11, left-hand panel),reflecting a noticeable reduction in investors’ appetite for risk. However, thisloss of risk appetite also resulted in money market funds shifting theirinvestments increasingly into treasury bills and other safe short-term securities,hence depriving banks of a key funding source (Graph 11, centre panel). Thissuggests that determining how persistent the interbank tensions will be maydepend significantly, among other things, on how long the risk appetite ofmoney market fund managers, and investors more broadly, will continue to bedepressed.。
上海世博会市民世博知识测试题
《上海迎世博市民读本》世博知识测试题第一套一、是非题（每题1分，共10题）1、世博会大多数场馆都将建设无障碍设施。
（×）2、组织者向发展中国家提供免费展示空间，每个国家最多可使用3个展示单元。
（×）3、上海世博会闭幕式将在世博会闭幕前一日举行。
（×）4、“城市最佳实践区”位于浦东世博园区的Ｅ区。
（×）5、网上世博会的展馆分为浏览型展馆、体验型展馆和创意型展馆。
（√）6、上海世博会的日均参观人次预计将达到40万之多。
（×）7、到2010年，上海市区内将建成15条轨道交通。
（×）8、根据规划，世博园区共有13个出入口，其中3个水上出入口。
（×）9、世博园区跨越黄浦江两岸，多种渡江交通工具，每小时可运送10万人次往返。
（√）10、为了使人流能够有序地出入园区，世博园区出入口有面积总计约为25公顷的广场区。
（×）二、选择题（每题1分，共10题）1、世博会与奥林匹克运动会、世界杯Ａ赛一起，并称全球三大顶级盛事。
Ａ足球Ｂ篮球锦标Ｃ排球2、世博会期间，组织者策划组织各种形式的论坛，还可以组织Ａ。
Ａ专题讨论Ｂ经济讨论Ｃ网上讨论3、2000年德国汉诺威世博会主题是“Ｂ”。
Ａ人类、自然、科技Ｂ人类的进步与和谐Ｃ发现的时代4、20世纪90年代以前，历届世博会的参展国家和国际组织数量都在Ｃ个以下。
Ａ50 Ｂ80 Ｃ1005、大阪世博会共有Ｃ万人次入场参观，创下了参观人数最多的世博会历史纪录。
Ａ4600 Ｂ6000 Ｃ64006、张裕公司的“可雅白兰地”因获得Ａ金奖而改名为“金奖白兰地”。
Ａ1905年米兰世博会Ｂ1915年巴拿马太平洋博览会Ｃ1982年诺克斯维尔世博会7、中国以绝对优势获得2010年世博会的主办权是在2002年12月Ａ日。
Ａ3 Ｂ4 Ｃ58、上海世博会预计将吸引7000万人次的参观者，其中海外参观者人数将超过Ａ万。
Ａ300 Ｂ330 Ｃ3509、在浦东世博园区，从东到西规划有Ｂ个功能片区。
图片
《世博英语实用手册World Expo English Using Handbook》简介《世博英语实用手册》是一本让读者学习世博英语会话和了解上海世博会概况相结合的实用手册。
全书共分为基础篇、内容篇、规划篇、服务篇四个章节，书中收录了常用的世博英语专用词汇。
为方便读者学习，提高学习兴趣，体现实用性，本书在编撰过程中，采用了模拟情景对话的方法，并特别列出了关键句、拓展词库等。
本书将能帮助读者快速掌握常用的世博英语专用词汇，提高英语表达和交流的能力，更好地参与服务上海世博会。
目录Expo Basics 基础篇Chapter I World Expo Knowledge 世博会知识I. The Path to World Expo 走进世博会II. China and World Expo 中国与世博III. “Everything Starts with World Expo” “一切始于世博会”Chapter II Expo 2010 上海世博会I. Time, Location and Organization 时间、地点与组织II. Theme Development 主题演绎III. Emblem and Mascot 会徽与吉祥物Expo Planning 规划篇Chapter I The Expo Site Planning 园区规划I. Park, Area, Zone, Group and Cluster 园、区、片、组、团Chapter II Layout and Structure 布局结构I. Routes to Pavilions 场馆路线II. Pavilion Layout 场馆分布Expo Contents 内容篇Chapter I Construction of Highlights 亮点建设I. Four Pavilions along the Central Axis 一轴四馆II. Expo Centre 世博中心III. Performance Centre 世博演艺中心Chapter II Two Innovations 两大创新I. Urban Best Practices Area (UBPA) 城市最佳实践区II. Expo Shanghai Online 网上世博会Chapter III Pavilion Introduction 场馆解读I. China Pavilion 中国馆II. Theme Pavilion 主题馆III. Foreign National Pavilion 外国馆Chapter IV Events and Activities 活动掠影I. Expo Exhibitions 世博展示II. Expo Events 世博活动III. Expo Forums 世博论坛Services 服务篇Chapter I Information Guide 资讯指南I. Tickets 购票II. Visiting 参观III. Public Services Facilities 公共服务IV. Emergency Assistance Facilities 紧急服务V. Site Guide 现场指南Chapter II Traffic Guide 交通指引I. Access to the Expo Site 到达园区II. Visiting within the Expo Site 园内参观III. Water Bus 水上巴士Index of Key Sentences 关键句检《中国2010年上海世博会概览》是一本较为系统介绍上海世博会概况的世博读本，图文并茂。
2023年6月英语六级第三套题目答案一览
2023年6月英语六级第三套题目答案一览2023年6月英语六级第三套题目答案已经公布，需要核对答案的同学可以参考一下。
下面是我为大家整理的2023年6月英语六级第三套题目答案一览，欢迎大家（保藏）与共享一下哟!2023年6月英语六级第三套题目答案一、六级（作文）部分：Writingmore and more people take the delight to helping the needy（范文）：Currently in our society, it is quite prevalent for citizens to give a hand to those who are in need of help.Apart from this trend, what encourages people is that people in growing numbers find it delighted to help the needy. The reasons, from my per-spective, can be listed as follows.The first motivation behind this trend lies in the growing abili-ty of average people to help others. Unlike those in the early 21st century, people in current society are equipped with knowledge,skills, and even economic strength to provide more assistance to help the needy. What is more, this trend is largely associated with the sense of satisfaction of the public. When offering help on time, those who lend a hand realize their own value and thus part of the meaning of their life, whichfurther strengthens similar behaviors in their daily life. The last factor is about positive energy in the mass media.In China,a country with traditional virtues of helping the disadvantaged, matters of the help among common people are great ingredients for the publicity of both tradition virtues and modern values.For me, it is much delighted to see that the public are more likely to lend a hand to others voluntarily.With peoples growing ability, the sense of satisfaction, and the spread of good deeds in the mass media, this trend will inevitably become a norm in our society.二、六级听力部分：更新中。
世博会经典考题及答案
（4）悠久的“和谐”思想，上下五千年文明的精华等，说明了中华文化历史悠久，一脉相承，体现了中华文化源远流长的特征。丰富的中国元素，多样的民间艺术等，说明中华文化内容丰富，形式多样，体现了中华文化博大精深的特征。各种文化和谐共处，体现了中华文化的包容性。
有利于提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家；有利于加快转变经济发展方式，推动经济结构优化升级；有利于加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力；有利于推动区域协调发展，缩小区域发展差距
二、分析题 （选自《绝对考场五套题》，版权属于人家，要注明出处，顺便做个广告，呵呵。。。。）
1. 2010年上海世博会的举办引起了校园世博热，同学们纷纷上网“逛”世博。一个世博专题网页引发了某同学的兴趣和思考，他们纷纷发帖加入讨论。
*在关于世博之梦的讨论中：
A同学：中国人的世博之梦做了上百年，1893年郑观应最早提出了在中国举办世博会的设想。1910年南洋劝业会召开时，更有人提出中国应在不久的将来举办“全球大博览会”。对于积贫积弱的近代中国而言，这些设想只能是遥不可及的梦想。
C同学：大家说说如何以世博会为契机进一步提升我国的文化软实力呢？
D同学：经济发展了，文化软实力就自然提升了。
……..
*在关于世博建筑的讨论中：
E同学：上海世博会是文化世博。中国馆的建筑设计凸显汉字、京剧、中国红和水墨画等中国元素，整体布局体现了中国文化悠久的“和谐”思想；国家馆馆内用高科技手段向观众展现四大发明、《清明上河图》等中华五千年文明的精华。
F同学：上海世博会是低碳世博。以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基本特征的“低碳”理念贯穿于上海世博会方方面面。如世博会的照明全面采用半导体节能环保产品。
结合材料回到：
2010年全国中考试题汇编——世博专题 参考答案
2010年全国中考语文试题汇编——世博专题1．（2010·自贡）上海世博会中国国家馆①几乎每一届世博会，都会出现一座经典的建筑。
在2010年上海世博会之后,最可能成为经典的就是中国国家馆。
②中国馆建筑外观以“东方之冠，鼎盛中华，天下粮仓，富庶百姓”的构思主题，表达中国文化的精神与气质。
展馆的展示以“寻觅”为主线，带领参观者行走在“东方足迹”、“寻觅之旅”、“低碳行动”三个展区，在“寻觅”中发现并感悟城市发展中的中华智慧。
展馆从当代切入，回顾中国三十多年来城市化的进程，凸显三十多年来中国城市化的规模和成就，回溯、探寻中国城市的底蕴和传统。
随后，一条绵延的“智慧之旅”引导参观者走向未来，感悟立足于中华价值观和发展观的未来城市发展之路。
③中国馆共分为国家馆和地区馆两部分，国家馆主体造型雄浑有力，由于形状酷似一顶古帽，因此．被命名为“东方之冠”；地区馆平台基座汇聚人流，寓意社泽神州，富庶四方。
国家馆和地区馆的整体布局，隐喻天地交泰、万物咸亨。
④国家馆居中升起、层叠出挑，采用极富中国建筑文化元素的红色“斗冠”造型，建筑面积46457平方米，高69米，由地下一层、地上六层组成；地区馆高13米，由地下一层、地上一层组成，外墙表面覆以“叠篆文字”，呈水平展开之势，形成建筑物稳定的基座，构造城市公共活动空间。
⑤装点国家馆的“中国红”，是从足足上百种红色材料色样中逐一挑选而出的，由7种红色组合而成。
馆体颜色由上至下依次由深至浅，能在白昼不同阳光折射和夜间灯光投射及不同视觉高度等条件下，形成统一的具有沉稳、经典视觉效果的红色。
此外，中国馆红板选用金属材料，采用灯芯绒状肌理方案，不仅为中国馆穿上了更具质感的“外衣”，也为原本张扬、跳跃的红色赋予了稳重、大气的印象。
⑥在中国馆的地区馆屋顶平台上， 2.7万平方米的城市空中花园“新九洲清晏”，将为中国馆承担起人员疏散、公共休闲等多项功能。
新九洲清晏之中，不但浓缩着中国传统园林和现代造景技术，更蕴藏着中华智慧和东方神韵。
上海版牛津英语6B期末复习第一模块
6B期末复习第一模块之句型篇拼写单词生的______；更多______；历史______；地球______；山洞______；热______；莓果______；百万______；石器时代______；木炭______；烧烤______；村庄______；木头______；液化气______；电______；低的______；高的______；极致的______；危险______；直升飞机______；滴下，投下______；小时______；臭烟______；消防安全______；海报______；没有_______; 成年人______；打包______；必须______；应该______；举起，抬起______；呼吸______；生存______；活着的______；实验______；降落伞______；手帕______；角______；物体______；发生______；击打，撞击______；柔和的______；问题______；哭泣______；疼痛______；建筑工地____________；灰尘______；工人______；燃烧______；脏的______；污染______；发电厂______；飞鸡场______；相当地______；向前地______；飞行______；引擎______；无论如何______；一点不_____；水泵_____；井_____；接下来的_____；最后_____；沙堡（没亮）_____；冲凉______；塑料的______；打碎的______；海草______；真挚地______；升______；宽的______；窄的______；管子______；水库______；大部分的______；其他的______；陆地______；记得起______；部分_____；做得好______；小溪______；小山______；树林______；森林______；传真_____；字典_____；杀戮_____；皮肤_____；另外_____；能_____；也（否定）_____；真滴_____；有趣的_____；希望______；按要求写句子1: We must keep the environment clean. _________________________________________________________________2: We must keep the environment clean. (一般以及否定回答) __________________________________________________3: We must keep the environment clean. （改为主语为he的句子）_____________________________________________4: We should cook with an adult. _________________________________________________________________5: We should cook with an adult. (一般以及否定回答) __________________________________________________6: We should cook with an adult.（改为主语为she的句子）__________________________________________________7: The air pollution comes from smoke from traffic. __________________________________________________8: The air pollution comes from smoke from traffic.(一般疑问句) ______________________________________________9: The air pollution comes from smoke from traffic. (否定句) ______________________________________________10: Firemen fought the fire for two hours. _________________________________________________________________11: Firemen fought the fire for two hours. _________________________________________________________________12: Firemen fought the fire for two hours. (一般疑问句)_____________________________________________________13: Firemen fought the fire for two hours. (否定句) _____________________________________________________14: I will put rubbish in the bin. _________________________________________________________________15: I will put rubbish in the bin. _________________________________________________________________16: I will put rubbish in the bin.(一般疑问句) ______________________________________________________________17: I will put rubbish in the bin.（否定句）______________________________________________________________18: I have eaten lunch at home. _________________________________________________________________19: I have eaten lunch at home. ______________________________________________________________20: I have eaten lunch at home. (一般疑问句) ______________________________________________________________21: I have eaten lunch at home. （否定句）______________________________________________________________22: There are four airports in Shenyang. ______________________________________________________________23: There are four airports in Shenyang. ______________________________________________________________24: Water tastes terrible in SOHO. ______________________________________________________________25: The weather is hot and sunny these days. ______________________________________________________________26: I will go to Beijing by air tomorrow. ______________________________________________________________27: My parents are both teachers. ______________________________________________________________28: I know a lot about the Earth? ______________________________________________________________29: Elephants eat 50 kilos of hay every day. ______________________________________________________________30: She likes wood better than gas because it’s cheaper. ______________________________________________________6B期末复习第一模块之单词篇raw, more, history, earth, cave, heat, berry, million, the Stone Age, charcoal, barbecue, village, wood, gas, electricity, low, high, extreme, danger, helicopter, drop, hour, cigarette, fire-safety, poster, adult, pack, must, should, lift, breathe, survive, alive, experiment, parachute, handkerchief, corner, object, happen, hit, gently, matter, cry, hurt, construction site, dust, worker, burn, dirty, pollute, power station, airport, quite, forward, flight, engine, however, not(no)… at all, pump, well, next, finally, sandcastle, shower, plastic, broken, seaweed, sincerely, litre, wide, narrow, pipe, reservoir, most, other, land, remember, part, well done, stream, hill, woods, forest, fax, dictionary, kill, skin, else, be able to, either, really, interesting, hope单词填空1: I’ll cook your chicken wing some ______. (much)2: __________ years ago , the Stone Age families lived in caves. (数词)3: Do you know _____ cooked food first? （WH）4: His father took the meat ______ the fire. (介)5: I like ________ better than ________ because it’s cleaner. （根据句意）6: I like ________ better than ________ because the food tastes nicer. （根据句意）7: Don’t cook ______ an adult. (介)8: Firemen come to school to talk _____ fire-safety. (介)9: ______ the wind blows, you feel it on your face. （WH）10: We need air to _______ and ________. （根据句意）11: Air keeps us _____. （live）12: Tie strings to the _______. （根据句意）13: Does the parachute hit the ground ______ or _______? (heavy)14: The brothers watched birds fly _______ the air. (介)15: After swimming in the sea, the children _____ a shower. （根据句意）16: Water comes ______ long wide pipes. (介)17:Send the answers ______ to us by fax or by post. (副词)18: If you don’t know a word, you may need to ____ ____ in your dictionary. （根据句意）19: People are killing animals ______ food and their skins. (介)20: ------Did anyone get ______ in the fire? ---- Four. They’re all in the hospital.（根据句意）21: Except for these, do you remember anything _____ we must and must not do? （根据句意）22: The moon is ______ smaller than the stars. （根据句意）23: The moon looks bigger because it’s __________ the earth. （根据句意）24: No people, animals or plants ____ ____ ____ live on the moon because there isn’t any air. （根据句意）25:There is no air on the moon. And there is no water, ______. （根据句意）26: The first aeroplane didn’t fly far, high, fast or for long. _____, it was the first aeroplane to fly.根据句意27: People have lived on the earth _____ millions of years. (介)28: The first aeroplane flew ____ 48 kilometers _____ hour. （根据句意）29: There isn’t much water in Garden City. ______ water comes from other places.（All of, most of, some of, none of）同义句转换Mother gave her son some berries. = Mother gave ____ _____ _____ _____ _____.Air has ____ smell or taste ____ ____. = Air ____ ____ _____ smell or taste at all.I want to swim tomorrow. = I want to ___ ____ ____ ____ tomorrow.People can’t do this any more. = People must ____ _____ this.。
六年级历史上册沪教牛津版+期末复习习题
六年级历史上册沪教牛津版+期末复习习题本文档包含以下内容：1.历史上册沪教牛津版内容概述2.期末复重点3.期末复题1.历史上册沪教牛津版内容概述本册历史共分为六个单元，分别是：人类研究历史、中国古代文明、千里之堤毁于蚁穴-南水北调、欧洲的大航海、世界两次大战、联合国与和平。
其中，人类研究历史单元介绍了历史的概念、历史的研究方法、历史的年代术语等；中国古代文明单元重点讲解了中国古代文明的特色、发展历程和杰出代表等；千里之堤毁于蚁穴-南水北调单元介绍了我国长江中下游地区持久性旱涝灾害频繁发生及其原因，以及如何调节水资源；欧洲的大航海单元介绍了欧洲海上扩张的原因及启示；世界两次大战单元重点讲解了两次大战的起因、经过及其影响；联合国与和平单元介绍了联合国组织的发展历程、联合国维和行动及和平的重要性。
2.期末复重点期末复重点如下：1.人类研究历史单元：历史的概念、“史”与“历史”的区别、历史的年代术语、各个年代的主要事件等；2.中国古代文明单元：新石器时代晚期的几大文明及其特色、发明及其发展历程、文化杰出代表等；3.千里之堤毁于蚁穴-南水北调单元：我国长江中下游地区持久性旱涝灾害频繁发生及其原因、我国水资源的特点、如何调节水资源等；4.欧洲的大航海单元：欧洲海上扩张的原因及启示、重要的航海家及其贡献等；5.世界两次大战单元：两次大战的起因、经过及其影响、应当如何维护世界和平等；6.联合国与和平单元：联合国组织的发展历程、联合国维和行动及和平的重要性、各国应该如何履行自己的国际责任等。
3.期末复题为了帮助同学们复，本文档还附带了练题。
练题涉及到各个单元内容，包括单选题、多选题、判断题等，将有助于同学们检验自己的掌握情况。
祝愿大家期末顺利，取得好成绩！。
沪教版六年级数学(上)全册文学常识(含答案)
沪教版六年级数学(上)全册文学常识(含答
案)
本文档提供了沪教版六年级数学(上)全册的文学常识内容及答案，共包含以下内容：
单元1 文学基础知识
在本单元中，学生将研究一些基本的文学概念和术语，包括：
- 文学的定义和特点
- 文学作品的分类：小说、散文、诗歌等
- 文学常用的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张等
- 文学作品的表达方式：叙事、描写、议论等
单元2 古代文学
这个单元将介绍一些中国古代文学的经典作品和作者，包括：- 《论语》：孔子的言行录
- 《红楼梦》：曹雪芹的长篇小说
- 《诗经》：古代诗歌的集合
- 《史记》：司马迁的历史著作
学生将通过研究这些作品，了解古代文学的特点和意义。
单元3 现代文学
在此单元中，学生将接触到一些现代文学作品和作家，例如：
- 《钢铁是怎样炼成的》：奥斯特洛夫斯基的小说
- 《童年》：高尔基的自传体小说
- 《朝花夕拾》：鲁迅的散文集
- 《茶馆》：老舍的话剧
通过阅读和研究这些作品，学生将了解现代文学风格和主题的变化。
单元4 文学常识运用
在最后一个单元中，学生将运用所学的文学常识，参与一些文学题目和问题的解答。
这些题目将结合数学内容，帮助学生更好地理解文学与数学之间的关联。
以上就是沪教版六年级数学(上)全册文学常识的内容概述及答案。
通过研究这些内容，学生将培养对文学的兴趣，提升语文综合素养。
> 注意：本文档中的内容只提供概述和答案，具体细节请以教材为准。
牛津上海版历史考点大全六年级第一学期
牛津上海版历史考点大全六年级第一学期
1. 南京长江大桥的历史背景
- 南京长江大桥是中国第一个由中国人设计、自行修建的铁路和公路双层桥梁，也是亚洲第一座公铁两用桥。
- 建造南京长江大桥的背景是为了解决南京市交通压力过大的问题，并提高长江两岸的交通便利性。
- 建桥开始于1957年，历经四年多的时间，于1960年竣工通车。
2. 少年宫的起源与发展
- 少年宫是为青少年提供艺术、科技、体育等综合教育和培养特长的场所。
- 少年宫源于1956年，起初是一所兴趣小组，后来逐渐扩大成为以儿童和青少年教育为宗旨的社会组织。
- 少年宫的发展得到国家的重视和支持，如今已成为培养优秀人才的重要基地。
3. 孔子的教育思想和影响
- 孔子是中国古代伟大的教育家、思想家和政治家，他的教育思想对中国乃至世界产生了深远影响。
- 孔子的教育思想注重培养人的德行和素质，主张“知行合一”和“己所不欲，勿施于人”等原则。
- 孔子的教育思想被后世视为教育的典范，至今仍对中国的教育产生指导作用。
以上是六年级第一学期牛津上海版历史考点大全的部分内容。
希望对您有所帮助！。
牛津上海版 六年级第一学期历史考点汇总
牛津上海版六年级第一学期历史考点汇
总
本文档是牛津上海版六年级第一学期历史的考点汇总，旨在帮助学生更好地准备考试。
以下是各个章节的考点概述：
1. 第一章：长城
- 了解长城的历史背景和作用
- 知道中国长城的位置和特点
- 掌握长城的建筑材料和手段
2. 第二章：丝绸之路
- 知道丝绸之路的起点和终点
- 了解丝绸之路的重要性和影响
- 理解丝绸之路的商贸内容和交流方式
3. 第三章：唐朝
- 熟悉唐朝的历史背景和时代特点
- 了解唐朝的政治制度和社会变革
- 掌握唐朝的文化成就和科技发展
4. 第四章：宋朝
- 知道宋朝的历史背景和时代特点- 了解宋朝的政治制度和社会变革- 掌握宋朝的文化成就和科技发展
5. 第五章：元朝
- 熟悉元朝的历史背景和时代特点- 了解元朝的政治制度和社会变革- 掌握元朝的文化成就和科技发展
6. 第六章：明朝
- 知道明朝的历史背景和时代特点- 了解明朝的政治制度和社会变革- 掌握明朝的文化成就和科技发展
7. 第七章：清朝
- 熟悉清朝的历史背景和时代特点- 了解清朝的政治制度和社会变革- 掌握清朝的文化成就和科技发展
8. 第八章：近代中国
- 知道近代中国的历史背景和时代特点
- 了解近代中国的政治制度和社会变革
- 掌握近代中国的科技发展和外交关系
希望本文档对您的学习有所帮助。
祝您考试顺利！。
六级冲刺A计划：完形填空及其它 思马得学校 上海世界图书出版公司
六级冲刺Ａ计划：完形填空及其它 思马得学校 主编 海世界图书出版公司书 名：六级冲刺Ａ计划：完形填空及其它作 者：思马得学校主编丛书名：马得英语系列丛书出版项： 上海世界图书出版公司出版日期：２００１ 年ＩＳＢＮ号： ７－５０６２－５０７８－０ ／ Ｈ３１９．９ 定 价：１０：００ 日录第一章题型概述完型填空改错简短回答英译汉第二章综合考点分析词汇语法语篇理解翻译技巧浅谈第三章强化练习完型填空改错简短回答英译汉第一章题型概述完型填空《大学英语六级考试大纲》指出，完型填空（Cloze）通常为大学英语六级考试题目的第四部分。
其考试特点是，在一篇难度适中，240—300词左右的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
本部分主要考察考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括语法结构、词汇、逻辑、上下文、文化历史背景等）的掌握程度，而且还考察考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。
这种题型旨在测试考生运用所学过的语法知识和词汇以及通过上下文的逻辑关系等，进行综合填空的能力，要求考生既要有扎实的语法知识基础和丰富的词汇量，又要有较强的阅读能力。
考生在这一部分进行解题时，必须灵活运用自己所掌握的所有英语知识，并且能够融会贯通。
“完形填空”题旨在测试学生综合运用英语的能力，因此考生做此题必须通篇考虑，综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识、上下语篇等进行判断推理。
解此类题主要有如下四个步骤：第一，重视首句，把握开篇。
完形填空一般无标题，且首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句话，通常说来首句还是短文的主旨句。
因此，考生必须细读首句，由此判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。
第二，速读全文，掌握大意。
考生在开始动笔做题目前，最好将整篇短文通览一遍。
考生可以边阅读，边寻找短文的关键词、中心词，边划出某些代表人物和情节的词，而忽略不计那些空格和不明白的地方。
考生切忌在未掌握短文大意的基础上，就边阅读，边做题，这样速度和准确率都会受到影响。
(完整版)牛津英语上海版6BU3复习资料(词组、词形转换、要点、补充练习)
6年级第二学期英语复习资料6B U3 Dragon boat festival 词组与词形变换记忆表班级： __________ 姓名： _______________ 学号： ___________一、重要：know something about ⋯知道对于⋯的事情celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival 祝端午the story of the festival 日的故事was born 出生two thousand years ago 两千年前loved his country very much 特别他的国家His job was to give advice to the king 他的工作是国王建。
took Qu Y uan’s / his advice 采屈原 /他的建didn ’tlisten to him 不听他lost a battle 了一役be in danger 于危中jumped into a river and died 跳河里死了the fifth day of the fifth lunar month of that year那年的五月初五eat rice dumplings 吃粽子have dragon boat races to remember him 舟是了念他salty rice dumplings with meat 肉的咸粽子salty rice dumplings without meat 不肉的咸粽子sweet rice dumplings with beans 有豆的甜粽子sweet rice dumplings without beans 没豆的甜粽子would rather have a piece of pizza 情愿吃一匹send you some moon cakes 你寄一些月二、性：1. celebrate (v.) celebration (n.) 祝2. bear (v.) born (p.p.) 出生3. country (n.) countries (pl.) 国家4. advise (v.) advice (n.) 建，忠告5. die (v.) dead (a.) 死的 death (n.) 死6. late (a.) 晚，的later (ad.) 以后7. lose (v.) (lost 去式 , lost 去分 ) 掉，8. danger (n.) dangerous (a.) 危的9. with (prep.) without (prep.) 没有6年级第二学期英语复习资料6B U3 Dragon boat festival 词组与词形变换默写表班级： __________ 姓名： _______________ 学号： ___________一、重要：知道对于⋯的事情__________________________________祝端午__________________________________日的故事__________________________________出生__________________________________两千年前__________________________________特别他的国家__________________________________他的工作是国王建。
世博知识一百题
世博知识一百题
一、世博知识
1、埃菲尔铁塔是（C）法国巴黎世博会的主题塔。
Ａ、1867年B、1878年C、1889年D、1900年
2、在汉诺威世博会上中国馆展出了（C）大型重点工程。
Ａ、西气东输工程Ｂ、青藏铁路Ｃ、三峡工程Ｄ、南水北调工程
3、举办世博会次数最多的城市是（C）。
Ａ、美国纽约Ｂ、英国伦敦Ｃ、法国巴黎Ｄ、比利时布鲁塞尔
36．用以纪念哥伦布发现新大陆——美洲的世界博览会是（D）年举办的。
Ａ、1980Ｂ、1985Ｃ、1990Ｄ、1992
37. 1992年西班牙塞维利亚世博会的主题是（A）。
Ａ、发现的时代Ｂ、人类与自然Ｃ、人类与世界Ｄ、交流与运输
38．1993的韩国大田举办了世界博览会的主题是（A）。
Ａ、新的起飞之路Ｂ、发现的时代Ｃ、人类与世界Ｄ、人类与自然
39．1998年葡萄牙里斯本世博会的主题是（D）。
Ａ、发现的时代Ｂ、人类与自然Ｃ、交流与运输Ｄ、海洋——未来的财富
40．1999年在( A )举办了国际园艺博览会。
Ａ、中国云南Ｂ、美国纽约Ｃ、英国伦敦Ｄ、法国巴黎
41．1999年中国云南国际园艺博览会的主题是（A）。
Ａ、人类与自然Ｂ、人类与世界Ｃ、人与自然——迈向21世纪Ｄ、发现的时代
4、第一届真正意义上的世博会是（C）年在英国伦敦举办的。
Ａ、1841Ｂ、1846Ｃ、1851Ｄ、1852
5．1851年英国政府耗用了4500吨钢材和万块玻璃，在伦敦海德公园建成了一座长达1700英尺，高100英尺的第一届世博会纪念性的建筑物，名为（B）。
Ａ、玻璃房Ｂ、水晶宫Ｃ、玻璃宫Ｄ、水晶房
6.在第一届世博会上展出了当时令人瞩目的（A）。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2010年上海世博会Expo 2010 Shanghai China世博会会徽Expo emblem世博会徽标Expo Logo世博会吉祥物Expo Mascot世博会纪念品Expo Souvenir世博园Expo Park世博会主题Expo theme世博园区the Expo Site主题馆the theme pavilions国际馆International Pavilion主题馆Theme Pavilion企业馆Enterprise Pavilion中国馆China Pavilion世博会村the Expo Village世博中心the Expo Center世博餐饮中心Expo Dining Center专题讨论会symposium志愿者volunteers城市，让生活更美好Better city, better life.公共服务public service信息中心the Information Center 服务中心the Service Center急救中心the Emergency Center世博急救中心Expo First-aid Center国际会议中心International ConventionCenter金融贸易区Finance and Trade Zone保税区free Trade Zone故居Former Residence of影城Film Art Center市中心downtown志愿者volunteers黄浦江the Huangpu River商厦Commercial Building地标landmark路标the road sign公共交通public transport红绿灯traffic lights轻轨站the light rail station过江隧道tunnels under the river轮渡ferry专线大巴the shuttle bus园内巴士the on-site bus518路公共汽车站No.518bus stop地铁站a metro station地铁8号线Metro Line 8停车场the parking lot叫辆出租车hail a taxi停车par k one’s car旅游景点tourist attractions游客tourist导游guide入口处entrance外滩the Bund豫园the Yu Garden东方明珠the Oriental Pearl Tower上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theatre金茂大厦Jinmao Tower世纪大道Century Boulevard夜游night tour不夜城sleepless city沧海桑田ups and downs of time长江三角洲the Yangtze River Delta磁悬浮列车maglev train (magneticallylevitated train); magnetic suspensiontrain大都市metropolis; cosmopolis;metropolitan city; cosmopolitan city东方明珠塔Oriental Pearl TV Tower东海之滨的明珠the pearl on the coastof the East China Sea国际展览局BIE International Bureau ofExhibitions龙华寺Longhua Temple外滩the Bund信息港infoport黄浦江游cruise along the HuangpuRiver玉佛寺Jade Buddha Temple豫园Yu Yuan Garden金贸大厦Jinmao Tower城隍庙Town God’s Temple上海国际会议中心ShanghaiInternational Convention Center(南浦，杨浦，徐浦，卢浦)大桥Nanpu/Yangpu/ xupu/ lupu (suspension)Bridge(浦东)滨江大道Riverside Promenade外滩观隧道Sightseeing Tunnel at theBund(浦东) 世纪公园Century Park上海体育馆Shanghai Stadium上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theater上海科技馆Shanghai Science & Technology Museum虹口足球场Shanghai Hongkou Football Stadium上海植物园Shanghai Botanical Garden 水族馆aquariumPeace Hotel 和平饭店Holliday Inn 假日酒店Pudong Shangri-la 香格里拉Renaissance shanghai Pudong 上海淳大万丽Portman Ritz-Carlton 波特曼丽嘉酒店the Grand Hyatt 金贸凯悦Hilton Shanghai 希尔顿Four Seasons 四季大酒店Equatorial Shanghai 赤道大酒店Regal International East Asia 富豪Marriott 万豪Radisson 雷迪森、瑞迪森Sheraton 喜来登Ramada 华美达Inter-Continental 洲际Sofitel Hyland 索菲特Westin 威斯汀St. Regis 瑞吉The World Expo in 2010(世博会)英文作文The World Expo in 2010Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo. The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia. So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians. ()ur governmenthas promised that it will be the best one. And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly. As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai.How To Be A Lovely Citizen(如何成为一个可爱的上海人)Great changes have taken place in Shanghai and more and more people throughout the world are focusing their attention on Shanghai now. As a citizen of Shanghai, I feel I must spare no efforts to do my bit. First, I decide to help plant more trees to make our city more beautiful. Second, I should obey seven nos and be good at learning from others. Third, I should study hard so that I can do something better for my city in the future.The theme of Expo 2010 is “Better City, Better Life”.上海世博会的主题是“城市，让生活更美好”。
Why do we set this theme?为什么会确立这个主题呢？The core value can be interpreted as following: The City, built by people, has been evolving and growing into an organic system. People are the most dynamic cel ls with the best ability to innovatein this system. People’s life is closely interactive with the urban morphology and development.With the raped urbanization, a more extensive relationship and interaction has been established between the city organic s ystem and earth’s biosphere and resource system. People, city and earth are just like three organic systems linking with each other and fusing into the integritythroughout the whole process of urban development.其核心思想可以这样理解：城市史人创造的，它不断地演进、演化和成长为一个有机系统。
人是这个有机系统中最具活力和最富有创新能力的细胞。
人的生活与城市的形态和发展密切互动。
随着城市化进程的加速，城市的有机系统与地球大生物圈和资源体系之间相互作用也日益加深和扩大。
人、城市和地球三个有机系统环环相扣，这种关系贯穿了城市发展的历程，三者也将日益融合成为一个不可分割的整体。
For further reflect of the theme "Better City, Better Life", five sub-themes are defined;they are "Blending of Diverse Cultures in the City","Economic Prosperity of the City","Innovation of Science and Technology in the City", "Remodeling of Urban Communities", and"Rural-urban Interaction".为了更好地理解“城市，让生活更美好”，上海世博会还设有五个副主题分别是“城市多元文化的融合”、“城市经济的繁荣”、“城市科技的创新”、“城市社区的重塑”、“城市和乡村的互动”。