现代大学英语精读5修辞
现代大学英语精读5Paraphrase
Lesson 1Paraphrase1. The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2. Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3. The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when a negro is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4. Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Power in its best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5. At that time economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was).6. …the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7. It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8. …when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.... when the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is done away with.9. He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10. Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination. Lesson twoParaphrase1. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.2.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.3.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3. The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.4. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest and so I felt scared. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5. And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where hex self-control wouldcollapse, and wanted to see what my mother would do when the lost complete control of herself.6. The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams.Lesson threeParaphrase1. Yet globalization…“is a reality, not a choice”. (Para. 2)Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2. Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties. (Para. 5)Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign "cultural assault".3. …where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for theupper hand. (Para. 5)... in China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4. Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers hat work. (Para. 6)The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5. Westernization…is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows. (Para. 7)... westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6. You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye. (Para. 10)In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.7. He…was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones. (Para. 19)He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living in different time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8. In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000. (Para. 22)The Gucci store did not expert that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.9. Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture. (Para. 29)From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena..10. The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal. (Para.39)The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Lesson fourParaphrase1. Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by a writer. (Para. 1)If you want to be a musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don't need all this.2. She would have plucked the heart out of my writing. (Para. 3)Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing.3. Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. (Para. 3)Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with ail my power.4. For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women. (Para. 5)It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women,5. Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to writea book without finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against. (Para.6)It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions.6. Even when the path is nominally open — when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant —there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way. (Para. 7)Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman's progress.7. You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (Para. 7)(Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort,) you have gained a position or certain freedom in a society that has been up to now dominated by men.Lesson71. It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truththat I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.2. I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growthreflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things had been equal (or unequal) eighty-five years ago.3. About 85 years ago, they were told that they were freed from slavery and becameunited with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.4. In these days before I realized I was an invisible man, I imagined that I wouldbecome a successful man like Booker T. Washington.5. On the one hand, I felt embarrassed that i wanted to run away from the ballroom. Onthe other hand, I took pity on the girl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men, I wanted to love her tenderly because she was anattractive girl, but at the same time I wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment6. If I should try my best and win the fight, then 1 would be winning against the bet ofthat white man, who shouted "I got my money on the big boy." In that case I would not behave with humility, and yet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I should let that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility.7. Make full use of what you have and do the best you can. Take this attitude in makingfriends in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.8. You were not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way, were you, boy? We intendto do the right thing by setting you up as role model, but you must never forget who you are.Lesson 81. I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent but his way of showing his talentat my seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.2. Since those attending the conference were people devoted to poetry, such an anecdote,though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.3. There were two reasons for my going to the conference set against the reasons for mynot going and they became decisive in my final decision.4. According to my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives,experiences, that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.5. Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in thepowerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.6. Spender’s record of his visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentionsbut also because of the things he does not say.7. In his book, Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer anddoes not mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with Spender.8. The real person looked much better than the pictures.9. Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearance.10. He had live longer than any of his more famous friends but traces or influences ofthese friends, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.Lesson 91. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think,is where Creation was begun.The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.2. But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than ofsurvival, and they never understood the grim,unrelenting advance of the U.S. Cavalry.The Kiowas often fought, just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra land or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could not understand why the U. S.Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.3. My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years.Luckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for She was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the greatest moment of their history.5. They acquired horses, and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground. Now they got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on football, gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.6. From one point of view, their migration was the fruits of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log,for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.7. The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.Their stature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.8. Clusters of trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away and wonder to build upon the mind.The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass.This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;they must wean their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.They would not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First, they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not wants to lose sight of the mountains so soon.10. I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all merely custom and company.I was not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any customary way of praying, add which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room she seemed beyond the reach of time.But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless(what she represented would last forever).12. The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk amongthemselves. Their gossip revealed their position as servants of men and also a reward for their servitude.。
现代大学英语精读5 第五课 Paraphrases and translations of professions_for_women
For words and phrases is the same: All the words and phrases in A and B on Page 76
1. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children. Dream’ Children. 像查尔斯兰姆这样快乐和富有创新精神的 人物并不常见，他写了《古瓷》 人物并不常见，他写了《古瓷》和《梦中 的孩子》 的孩子》两篇文章，这两篇文章可以说解 放了散文。
2. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. 那么，就读读下面这篇文章吧，它将向我 们展示逻辑并不是一门枯燥乏味、迂腐不 堪的学科；恰恰相反，逻辑是一门活生生 的事物，充满美丽、激情和心灵的创伤。
10. …you would go far to find a girl so agreeable. It is not easy to find a girl so agreeable. 11. I am nothing if not persistent. I am very persistent. 我要是意志不坚定，我就不是我了。 12. I frowned, but plunged ahead. 我皱了一下眉头，但鼓足勇气继续往下讲。
现代大学英语精读4unit5课文修辞手法
现代大学英语精读4unit5课文修辞手法1、明喻明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进展比照，说明本体与喻体的关系，两者都在比照中出现，其根本格式是“A像B〞，常用的比喻词有as,like,as if,as though 等。
如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。
2、暗喻n.隐喻暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。
本体与喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
3、转喻(the metonymy)转喻是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。
转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。
4、夸大把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或缩小，就叫夸大，即采用“言过其实〞的说法，使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。
英语中夸大修辞格，应用极为频繁。
夸大的功能是突出事物的本质特征，因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。
5、拟人(the personifjcation)所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情与动作或是把动物人格化。
6、反语(the irony)反语就是说反话，用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。
有的时候可以到达挖苦的意味。
7、头韵(the alliteration)头韵即连续数个单词的头音或头字母一样，这种现象在英语中常见。
8、矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)所谓矛盾修辞法，就是把意思上回响矛盾互相排斥的词语严密地联系在一起，来描述一个事物，或表达一种思想，说明一个道理，或寻求一个哲理。
，用这种方法，语言精炼简洁，富有哲理，并产生强大的逻辑力量，产生一种出人意料，引人入胜的效果。
现代大学英语精读5 Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here 重点词组 总结
Martin Luther King Jr.…成比例●In proportion to the number of students we should build 3 dining rooms. 按学生人数，我们应该建三个餐厅。
●你认为我们的薪水与付出的努力相称吗? Do you think we are paid in proportion to the effort we make?本质上/大体上=essentially②相当地/非常=considerably●His criticism is substantially correct.批评大体上是 ●The price may go up quite substantially .●The company's profits have been substantially lower this year.●There are o ne or two minor differences, but they're substantially the same text. We must massively assert our dignity and worth.→ Paraphrase: We must state clearly and in an impressive 令人钦佩的/给人以深刻印象的way that we should betreated with respect and our value should be recognized. 我们必须坚决维护我们的尊严与价值。
have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy . →Paraphrase: It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they wereinferior to others to see that 设法做到they are humans, the same as white people. ？ →Paraphrase: A lie concerning a trivial matter used for good intention is better than a sinister 阴险的/灾难性的lie. 一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。
现代大学英语精读 第5册 Love is a fallacy
"Maybe love is like luck. You have to go all the way to find it.“
Robert Mitchum
"Love is like war: Easy to begin but hard to end."
Some meanings of authentic love
Love means that I know the person I love. I’m aware of the many sides of the other person—not just the beautiful side but also the limitations, inconsistencies and flaws.
Love Quotes
Love comes in a second, and goes at the same speed. If you judge people, you have no time to love them. The fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly, and the best way to keep it is to give it wings. The supreme happiness in life is the conviction that we are loved.
Shulman’s other works
Before his two Dobie books, Shulman had already written four other successful novels:
现代大学英语精读5修辞
● 1. Alliteration 头韵● 2. Allusion 引喻● 3. Anaphora 首语重复法● 4. antithesis对偶● 5. Antonomasia 换称，代称● 6. Chiasmus 交错法●7. Hyperbole 夸张●8. Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻●9. metonymy借喻,转喻●10. oxymoron 反意法,逆喻●11. Repetition 重复，反复●12. Paradox 隽语●13. Parallelism 排比, 平行●14. Pun 双关●15. Simile 明喻●16. Syllepsis 一语双叙法，兼用法●17. Synecdoche 提喻●18. transferred epithet移就●19. Irony反语Where do we go from hereAntithesis●Ossie Davis has suggested that maybe the English language should bereconstructed so that teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child 60 ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority. (para4)●As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (para5)●Psychological freedom ......physical slavery (para5)●And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and powerhave usually been contrasted as opposites - polar opposites--so that love isidentified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. (para7) ●For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) ●The dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into brighttomorrows of quality, integrated education. (para. 25)●There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed intothe fatigue of despair.(para26)●......and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. (para. 27)Metaphor●To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of hisown Olympian manhood.(para5)●Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weaponagainst the long night of physical slavery.(para5)●The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his ownbeing and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own Emancipation Proclamation.(para5)●Negroes who have a double disability will have a greater effect on discriminationwhen they have the additional weapon of cash to use in their struggle. (para13) Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated .(para14)●He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocksthe door to the meaning of ultimate reality. (para20)●We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life's market place.(para21) ●America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia ofdeeds. (para. 25)●Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that ……(para. 25)●……shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. (para. 25)●……slums are cast into the junk heaps of history. (para. 25)●There will still be rocky places of frustration and meandering points ofbewilderment.(para26)●When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair, ...... (para.27)●......working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil (para. 27) Chiasmas●What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive,and love without power is sentimental and anemic. Power at its best is loveimplementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.(para8)It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times.(para9)Simile●It is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remainsecurely incarcerated behind bars.(para17)●......justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.(para. 25)Parallel struture●Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answersthat don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)●For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) ●And I have seen too much hate. I've seen too much hate on the faces of sheriffs inthe South. I've seen hate on the faces of too many Klansmen and too many White Citizens Councilors in the South to want to hate myself, because every time I see it, I know that it does something to their faces and their personalities and I say to myself that hate is too great a burden to bear.(para20)Paradox●Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answersthat don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)●......a power that is able to make a way out of no way. (para 27)Anaphora●And the other thing is that I am concerned about a better world. I'm concernedabout justice. I'm concerned about brotherhood. I'm concerned about truth. And when one is concerned about these, he can never advocate violence.(para19)●So, I conclude by saying again today that we have a task and let us go out with a"divine dissatisfaction." Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. Let us be dissatisfied until those that live on the outskirts of hope arebrought into the metropolis of daily security. Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps of history, and every family is living in a decent sanitary home. Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education. Let us be dissatisfied until integration is not seen as a problem but as an opportunity toparticipate in the beauty of diversity. Let us be dissatisfied until men and women, however black they may be, will be judged on the basis of the content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin.●Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor●Antithesis allusion metonymy simile●Alliteration●Let us be dissatisfied. Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses agovernor who will do justly, who will love mercy and who will walk humbly with his God. Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together. and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. Let us be dissatisfied.And men will recognize that out of one blood God made all men to dwell upon the face of the earth. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when nobody will shout "White Power!" - when nobody will shout "Black Power!" - but everybody will talk about God's power and human power.●Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor●Antithesis allusion metonymy simile●Alliteration allusion●When our days become dreary with low hovering clouds of despair, and when ournights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform darkyesterdays into bright tomorrows.●Metaphor●paradox●antithesisTwo kinds●Simile1.It was like a stiff embraceless dance between her and the TV set. (para21 )2.So that the fluffy skirt of her white dress cascaded slowly to the floor like the petals of a large carnation. (para24 )3.I would play after him, the simple scale, the simple chord, and then I just played some nonsense that sounded like a cat running up and down on top of garbage cans. (para 38 )4.He marched stiffly to show me how to make each finger dance up and down, staccato like an obedient little soldier. (para 39 )5.I felt the same way, and it seemed as if everybody were now coming up, like gawkers at the scene of an accident. (para 60 )6. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest. (para 73)7.Her face went blank, her mouth closed, her arms went slack, and she backed out the room, stunned, as if she were blowing away like a small brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless. (para 76)●8. …… as if she were blowing away like a sm all brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless.(para 76)Oxymoron1.She was proudly modest like a proper Chinese child. (para 24 )2.I heard a little boy whisper loudly to his mother. (para 53)●Alliteration.Chinatown’s Littlest Chinese Chess Champion. (para 42 )Irony1.You lucky you don’t have this problems, said Auntie Lindo with a sign to my mother. (para 44 )Hyperbole1.And now I realized how many people were in the audience, the whole world it seemed. (para 54)Metaphor1.We could have escaped during intermission. Pride and some strange sense of honor must have anchored my parents to their chairs. (para 55 )Ridicule1.She took me to a beauty training school in the Mission district and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. (para 6 ) SyllepsisThe lid of piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams. (para 81)Allusion●I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw manger. (para 9)Metaphor●Telegraph, telephone, radio, and television tied together and more intricate knotsbetween …… (para 2)●…. will flatten every cultural crease. (para 4)●Metaphor●Apparently westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either. (para7)●We borrowed an American box. (para 8)●Earl y on I realized……some type of compass to guide me through the wilds ofglobal culture.Metonymy●……and suggesting that Hollywood be burned. (para 5)●…… to live in a museum while we will have shower that work. (para 6)●Antonomasia●……at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s UpperWest Side. (para 14)Professions for Women●Synecdoche● 1.I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent,shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2 )Metonymy● 1.No demand was made upon the family purse. (para 1 )2. I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2)Metaphor● 1.The image that comes to my mind when I think of this girl is the image of afisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake with a rod held out over the water. (para 5 )2.You have won rooms of you own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (para 7 )Lesson Seven Invisible ManMetaphor● 1.It took me……and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to…….(p1)● 2. A sea of faces, some hostile, some amused, ringed around us…… (para 7)● 3. ……I had suddenly found myself in a dark room filled with poisonouscottonmouths. (para 11)Simile●It was as though I had rolled through a bed of hot coals. (para 44)● 1.About eighty-five years……separate like the fingers of the hand.(p1)● 2.The young children……on the wick like the old man’s breathing.(p2)● 3.The hair was yellow like that of a circus kewpie doll.(p7)● 4. ……firm and round as the domes of East Indian temples. (para 7)● 5. ……and beads of pearly perspiration glistening like dew …… (para 7)6. the smoke of a hundred cigar clinging to her like the thinnest of veils. (para 8)●7.In my mind……as bright as flame.(para10)●8.For in those days……like a crisp ginger cookie.(para16)●9. But the blindfold was tight as a thick skin-puckering scab. (para 17)10.My saliva became like hot bitter glue.(p20)●11.The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs……(p21)●12. ……testing the smoke-filled air like the knobbed feelers of hypersensitivesnails. (para. 21)13. A blow to my head……like a jack-in-the-box……(p27)●14. A hot, violent force……like a wet rat.(p38)●15. some called like a bass-voiced parrot. (para 39)●16. glistening like a ci rcus seal,……(para 40)●17.Suddenly I saw……twitching like the flesh of a horse stung by manyflies.(p40)●18.I was careful……like a cloud of foul air……(p42)●19.Seeing their fingers……as a fumbled football……(p45)●20.I was limp as a dish rag.(p46)●21.But still……a s though deaf with cotton in dirty ears.(p55)●22. The laugher hung smoke……like in the sudden stillness.(p70)● 3. Alliteration● 1. I want you……to death and destruction……(p2)● 2. Some of the other……slipping and sliding……(p9)4.Transferred epithet● 1.We were a small……with anticipatory sweat……(p6)● 2.But now I……of blind terror.(p10)● 3.He kept coming, bring the rank sharp violence of……(p25)5. Irony● 1.What powers of endurance……! What enthusiasm!(p55)Simile● 1. Grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to sting theflesh. (para.1 line 7)● 2. The land was like iron. (para.8 line 1)● 3. Her long, black hair, always drawn and…, lay upon her shoulders and againsther breast like a shawl. (para. 10 line 10)● 4. Houses are like sentinels in the plain, old keepers of the weather watch.(para.11 line 1)● 5. My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil. (para14)Lesson 9 Metaphor● 1. Winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summerthe prairi e is an anvil’s edge.(para1 line4)● 2. The skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods anddeep cleavages of shade. (para.6 line 3)● 3. Descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain.(Para 7 line 1)● 4. The great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon thegrain like water, dividing light. (para.7 line5)● 5. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;● 6. They must wean their blood from……..(para 7 )●Alliteration1. The grass turns brittle and brown.(para.1 line 6)● 2. There are green belts along the rivers and creeks, linear groves of hickory andpecan, willow and witch hazel.(para1.line7)● 3. Great green-and-yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the ………(p ara1line9)● 4. …but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear. (para6 line5)● 5. There to beg and barter for an animal from the Goodninght herd.(para 9 line 9)6. So exclusive were they of all mere custom and company. (para10 line 8)●7. But there was something inherently sad in the sound, some merest hesitationupon the syllables of sorrow. (para10 line 14)●8. The aged visitors who came to my grandmother’s home when I was a childwere made of lean and leather. (para.12 line 6)●9. Full of jest and gesture , fright and false alarm. They went abroad in fringedand flowered shawls. ( para 12 4)Pun●It was a long journey toward the dawn. (para 4)●……for indeed they emerged from a sunless world. (para 4)。
现代大学英语精读5Paraphrase
Lesson 1Paraphrase1. The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2. Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3. The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when a negro is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4. Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Power in its best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5. At that time economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was).6. …the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7. It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8. …when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.... when the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is done away with.9. He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10. Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination. Lesson twoParaphrase1. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.2.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.3.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3. The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.4. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest and so I felt scared. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5. And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where hex self-control wouldcollapse, and wanted to see what my mother would do when the lost complete control of herself.6. The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams.Lesson threeParaphrase1. Yet globalization…“is a reality, not a choice”. (Para. 2)Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2. Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties. (Para. 5)Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign "cultural assault".3. …where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for theupper hand. (Para. 5)... in China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4. Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers hat work. (Para. 6)The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5. Westernization…is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows. (Para. 7)... westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6. You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye. (Para. 10)In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.7. He…was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones. (Para. 19)He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living in different time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8. In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000. (Para. 22)The Gucci store did not expert that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.9. Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture. (Para. 29)From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena..10. The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal. (Para.39)The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Lesson fourParaphrase1. Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by a writer. (Para. 1)If you want to be a musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don't need all this.2. She would have plucked the heart out of my writing. (Para. 3)Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing.3. Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. (Para. 3)Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with ail my power.4. For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women. (Para. 5)It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women,5. Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to writea book without finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against. (Para.6)It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions.6. Even when the path is nominally open — when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant —there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way. (Para. 7)Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman's progress.7. You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (Para. 7)(Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort,) you have gained a position or certain freedom in a society that has been up to now dominated by men.Lesson71. It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truththat I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.2. I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growthreflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things had been equal (or unequal) eighty-five years ago.3. About 85 years ago, they were told that they were freed from slavery and becameunited with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.4. In these days before I realized I was an invisible man, I imagined that I wouldbecome a successful man like Booker T. Washington.5. On the one hand, I felt embarrassed that i wanted to run away from the ballroom. Onthe other hand, I took pity on the girl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men, I wanted to love her tenderly because she was anattractive girl, but at the same time I wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment6. If I should try my best and win the fight, then 1 would be winning against the bet ofthat white man, who shouted "I got my money on the big boy." In that case I would not behave with humility, and yet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I should let that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility.7. Make full use of what you have and do the best you can. Take this attitude in makingfriends in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.8. You were not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way, were you, boy? We intendto do the right thing by setting you up as role model, but you must never forget who you are.Lesson 81. I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent but his way of showing his talentat my seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.2. Since those attending the conference were people devoted to poetry, such an anecdote,though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.3. There were two reasons for my going to the conference set against the reasons for mynot going and they became decisive in my final decision.4. According to my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives,experiences, that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.5. Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in thepowerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.6. Spender’s record of his visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentionsbut also because of the things he does not say.7. In his book, Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer anddoes not mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with Spender.8. The real person looked much better than the pictures.9. Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearance.10. He had live longer than any of his more famous friends but traces or influences ofthese friends, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.Lesson 91. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think,is where Creation was begun.The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.2. But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than ofsurvival, and they never understood the grim,unrelenting advance of the U.S. Cavalry.The Kiowas often fought, just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra land or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could not understand why the U. S.Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.3. My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years.Luckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for She was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the greatest moment of their history.5. They acquired horses, and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground. Now they got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on football, gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.6. From one point of view, their migration was the fruits of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log,for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.7. The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.Their stature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.8. Clusters of trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away and wonder to build upon the mind.The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass.This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;they must wean their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.They would not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First, they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not wants to lose sight of the mountains so soon.10. I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all merely custom and company.I was not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any customary way of praying, add which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room she seemed beyond the reach of time.But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless(what she represented would last forever).12. The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk amongthemselves. Their gossip revealed their position as servants of men and also a reward for their servitude.。
高英(现代大学英语)精读5 paraphrase 原文+译文
1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can be he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.At that time, economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was).The absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work byslave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.When the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has got is done away with.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practices racial as racial discrimination.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself being different types of prodigy, trying to find out which type would best suit me.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts came to my mind, thoughts that I deliberately wanted to be disobedient, or to be more exact, thoughts that I would say lots of “ I won’t …” to my mother.The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. While saying these, I was scared as if some very unpleasant, horrible things had got out of my chest; but at the same time, I felt a bit delighted for I was finally able to make this awful part of me known to my mother.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.And I could feel that her anger was coming to the point where her endurance and self-control would collapse, but I wanted to see what exactly she would do when that happened.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it not only shut out the dust but also put an end to my misery and my mother’s dreams as well.Yet globalization…Is a reality, not a choice.However, as one report said, globalization “ is now an ordinary fact of life, not something one can choose to have or not.”Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups favored by the general public have appeared in large numbers to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault.”Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.Where the two trends- the dislike and fear of things foreign and the desire to build China into one of a powerful, industrialized economy- have often contended with each other for dominance.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.Those people in countries like China should continue to live a backward life while we ourselves will enjoy a comfortable life with all modern facilities.Westernization is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.Westernization is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgrounds and views.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.You don’t have to look fashionable or attractive in order to find out what will be the future trend; you only need to be observant and be able to make judgments about it.He was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was playing the game on the Internet with people living in different parts of the world, an activity that goes far beyond the limit of time zones.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.In the first two weeks after starting business in Shanghai, the Gucci Store made as much as $100,000, a surprisingly large amount of money.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.Early before that/ From the very beginning I realized I was going to need some guidance that would lead me through the rich and wide variety of global cultures.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of expressing repentance may have been characteristic of the Jews, but the desire for forgiveness from God was common to people of all cultures.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by writer.Unlike a pianist or a painter who must have a piano or hire models, or visit famous cities like Paris, Vienna and Berlin, or to be taught by masters and mistresses, a writer does not need all this.she would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes and beliefs( represented by the Angel) would have taken away the essence/ soul of my writing.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. Thus whenever I felt the influence of traditional Victorian values and attitudes( about gender roles) on my writing, I fought back with all my power.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.This is because, even though men readily allow themselves full freedom in speaking or writing about such as the body and passions, I don’t think they realize how severely they condemn or can control their extremely severe condemnation of, such freedom in women.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.No doubt, it will still take a long time, as I believe, before women are finally able to enjoy the freedom of writing without having to fight those conventional values, beliefs and prejudices that are unfavorable to them.Even when the path is nominally open- when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant -there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way.Even though the path is now open to women in name only, when they have the freedom to choose to be a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, I believe that there still exist many false ideas and obstacles to impede a woman’s progress.You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.By fighting against the Angel in the House and through your painstaking efforts, you have gained a position and some freedom in a society which has so far been dominated by men.It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: that I am nobody but myself.It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.And yet I am no freak of nature, nor of history. I was in the cards, other things having been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things has been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.About eighty-five years ago they were told that they were free, united with others of our country in everything pertaining to the common good, and in everything social, separate like the fingers of the hand.About 85 years ago, they were told that they were freed from slavery and became united with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington.In those days before I realized I was an invisible man, I imagined that I would become a successful man like Booker T. Washington.I wanted at one and the same time to run from the room, to sink through the floor, or go to her and cover her from my eyes of the others with my body; to feel the soft thighs, to caress her and destroy her, to love her and murder her.On the one hand, I felt so embarrassed that I wanted to run away from the ballroom. On the other hand I took pity on the girl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men. I wanted to love her tenderly because she was an attractivegirl, but at the same time I wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.Should I try to win against the voice out there Would not this go against my speech, and was not this a moment for humility, for nonresistanceIf I should try my best and win the fight, then I would be winning against the bet of that white man, who shouted “ I got my money on the big boy. " In that case I would not behave with humility, and yet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I should let that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility.7. “ Cast down your bucket where you are” - cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.Make full use of what you have and do the best you can. Take this attitude in making friends in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.“You weren't being smart, were you, boy" "We mean to do right by you, but you've got to know your place at all times.”You were not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way, were you, boy We intend to do the right thing by setting you up as role model, but you must never forget who you are.1. And I was conscious of his superiority in a way which was embarrassing and led to trouble.I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent his way of showing his talent at seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.This did not seem to be the sort of anecdote that would go over especially well at a conference devotes to poetry.Since those attending the conference were people devoted to poetry, such an anecdote, though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.Pitted against these excellent reasons for my not going to the conference were two others that finally carried the day.These were two reasons for my going to the conference ser against the reasons for my not going and they became decisive in my final decision.He is, for me, one of those people whose writing about their writing is more interesting than their writing itself.According to my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives, experiences that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.Auden’s Dirac-like lucidity, the sheer wonder of the language, and the sense of fun about serious things …Were to me irresistible. Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in the powerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.Spender’s journal entry on his visit is fascinating both for what it says and for what it does not say.Spender’s record of this visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentions but also because of the things he doesn’t say.Oppenheimer appears in Spender’s journal as a disembodied figure with no contextual relevance to Spender’s own life.In his book Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer and does nit mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with Spender.The real thing was much better.The real person looked much better than the pictures.One probably should not read too much into appearance.Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearance.10. He had outlived them all, but was still under their shadow, especially that of Auden…He had lived longer than any of his more famous friends but traces or influences of these friends, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.1. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think,is where Creation was begun.The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival, and they never understood the grim ,unrelenting advance of the . Cavalry.The Kiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could not understand whythe . Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years.Luckily my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the treatest moment of their history.They acquired horses, and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.Now they got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on football, gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.From one point of view, their migration was the fruits of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.Their stature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.Clusters of trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away and wonder to build upon the mind. The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass. This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;they must wean their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.They would not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not want to lose sight of the mountains so soon.I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all merely custom and company.I was not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any customary way of praying, add which Iguess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room she seemed beyond the reach of time. But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless(what sh represented would last forever)The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk among themselves. Their gossip revaeled their position as servants of men and a reward for their servitude.。
高英(现代大学英语)精读5paraphrase原文+译文
1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy. It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can be he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5.At that time, economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was).6.The absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8.When the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has got is done away with.9.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practices racial as racial discrimination.1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself being different types of prodigy, trying to find out which type would best suit me.2.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts came to my mind, thoughts that I deliberately wanted to be disobedient, or to be more exact, thoughts that I would say lots of “ I won’t …” to my mother.3.The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. While saying these, I was scared as if some very unpleasant, horrible things had got out of my chest; but at the same time, I felt a bit delighted forI was finally able to make this awful part of me known to my mother.5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.And I could feel that her anger was coming to the point where her endurance and self-control would collapse, but I wanted to see what exactly she would do when that happened.6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it not only shut out the dust but also put an end to my misery and my mother’s dreams as well.1.Yet globalization… Is a reality, not a choice.However, as one report said, globalization “is now an ordinary fact of life, not something one can choose to have or not.”2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups favored by the general public have appeared in large numbers to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault.”3.Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.Where the two trends- the dislike and fear of things foreign and the desire to build China into one of a powerful, industrialized economy- have often contended with each other for dominance.4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work. Those people in countries like China should continue to live a backward life while we ourselves will enjoya comfortable life with all modern facilities.5.Westernization is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.Westernization is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgrounds and views.6.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.You don’t have to look fashionable or attractive in order to find out what will be the future trend; you only need to be observant and be able to make judgments about it.7.He was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was playing the game on the Internet with people living in different parts of the world, an activity that goes far beyond the limit of time zones.8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.In the first two weeks after starting business in Shanghai, the Gucci Store made as much as $100,000, a surprisingly large amount of money.9.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.Early before that/ From the very beginning I realized I was going to need some guidance that would lead me through the rich and wide variety of global cultures.10.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of expressing repentance may have been characteristic of the Jews, but the desire for forgiveness from God was common to people of all cultures.1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by writer. Unlike a pianist or a painter who must have a piano or hire models, or visit famous cities like Paris, Vienna and Berlin, or to be taught by masters and mistresses, a writer does not need all this.2.she would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes and beliefs( represented by the Angel) would have taken away the essence/ soul of my writing.3.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. Thus whenever I felt the influence of traditional Victorian values and attitudes( about gender roles) on my writing, I fought back with all my power.4.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.This is because, even though men readily allow themselves full freedom in speaking or writing about such as the body and passions, I don’t think they realize how severely they condemn or can control their extremely severe condemnation of, such freedom in women.5.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without findinga phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.No doubt, it will still take a long time, as I believe, before women are finally able to enjoy the freedom of writing without having to fight those conventional values, beliefs and prejudices that are unfavorable to them.6. Even when the path is nominally open-when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant -there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way.Even though the path is now open to women in name only, when they have the freedom to choose to be a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, I believe that there still exist many false ideas and obstacles to impede a woman’s progress.7.You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.By fighting against the Angel in the House and through your painstaking efforts, you have gained a position and some freedom in a society which has so far been dominated by men.1.It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: that I am nobody but myself.It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.2.And yet I am no freak of nature, nor of history. I was in the cards, other things having been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago. I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things has been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.3.Abouteighty-five years ago they were told that they were free, united with others of our country in everything pertaining to the common good, and in everything social, separate like the fingers of the hand.About85 years ago, they were told that they were freed from slavery and became united with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.4.In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington.Inthose days before I realized I was an invisible man, I imagined that I would become a successful man like Booker T. Washington.5.Iwanted at one and the same time to run from the room, to sink through the floor, orgo to her and cover her from my eyes of the others with my body; to feel the soft thighs, to caress her and destroy her, to love her and murder her.Onthe one hand, I felt so embarrassed that I wanted to run away from the ballroom. On t he other hand I took pity on the girl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men.I wanted to love her tenderly because she was an attractive girl, but at the same time I wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.6.Should I try to win against the voice out there Would not this go against my speech , and was not this a moment for humility, for nonresistanceIfI should try my best and win the fight, then I would be winning against the bet of t hat white man, who shouted “I got my money on the big boy. " In that case I would not behave with humility, andyet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I should let that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility.7. “ Cast down your bucket where you are” - cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.Makefull use of what you have and do the best you can. Take this attitude in making frien ds in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.8.“Youweren't being smart, were you, boy" "We mean to do right by you, but you've got to know your place at all times.”Youwere not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way, were you, boy We intend to do the right thing by setting you up as role model, but you must never forget who you are.1. And I was conscious of his superiority in a way which was embarrassing and led to trouble.I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent his way of showing his talent at seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.2.This did not seem to be the sort of anecdote that would go over especially well at a conferenc e devotes to poetry.Sincethose attending the conference were people devoted to poetry, such an anecdote, though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.3.Pittedagainst these excellent reasons for my not going to the conference were two others thatfinally carried the day.Thesewere two reasons for my going to the conference ser against the reasons for my not goi ng and they became decisive in my final decision.4.Heis, for me, one of those people whose writing about their writing is more interesting than their writing itself.Accordingto my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives, experiences that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.5.Auden’sDirac-like lucidity, the sheer wonder of the language, and the sense of fun about serious things …Were to me irresistible. Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in the powerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.6.Spender’sjournal entry on his visit is fascinating both for what it says and for what it does not say.Spender’srecord of this visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentions but also because of the things he doesn’t say.7.Oppenheimer appears in Spender’s journal as a disembodied figure with no contextual relevance to Spender’s own life.In his book Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer and does nit mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with Spender.8.The real thing was much better.The real person looked much better than the pictures.9.One probably should not read too much into appearance.Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearance.10. He had outlived them all, but was still under their shadow, especially that of Auden…He had lived longer than any of his more famous friends but traces or influences of these frie nds, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.1. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think,is where Creation was begun.Thelandscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.2.Butwarfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival, and they never understood the grim ,unrelenting advance of the . Cavalry.TheKiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of hab it, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving andthriving. And they could not understand why the . Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.3.Mygrandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years. Luckilymy grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding a nimals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the treatest moment of their history.5.Theyacquired horses, and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.Nowthey got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on football, gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.6.Fromone point of view, their migration was the fruits of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.7.TheKiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent andblind in the wilderness.Theirstature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.8.Clustersof trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away andwonder to build upon the mind. The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass. This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;they must wean their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.Theywould not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not want to lose sight of the mountains so soon.10.Iwas never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all merely cu stom and company.Iwas not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any c ustomary way of praying, add which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room she seemed beyond the reach of time. But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.Inthis way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless(what sh represented would last forever)12.The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk among themselves. Their gossip revaeled their position as servants of men and a reward for their servitude.。
现代大学英语精读5课后答案
现代大学英语精读5课后答案Lesson 1Vocabulary1. Manhood:the state of being human2. White lie:harmless or trivial lie，esp．one told in order to avoid hurting sb．3. black sheep：person regarded as a disgrace or a failure by other members of his family or group4. To upset: to defeat5. Affirmation:stating sth．as truth firmly and forcefully6. To strain: to make the greatest possible effort7. Off base: mistaken8. (a) want (of) : lack of9. Ringing cry: rallying callParagraph1. The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2. Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3. The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink ofassertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when a negro is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4. Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Power in its best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5. At that time economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was).6. …the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7. It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, becausethey are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8. …when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.…when the unfair practice of judhing human value by the amount of money a person has irs done awaywith.9. He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10. Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.Translation1. A white lie is better than a black lie.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。
现代大学英语精读5翻译及课后习题答案（5个单元）
现代大学英语精读5翻译及课后习题答案（5个单元）现代大学英语V-4译文及练习答案女性的职业弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫l.你们的秘书邀请我时对我说你们妇女服务团关注的是女性就业问题，她提议我讲一讲我就业的亲身体验。
我是女性，这是事实；我有工作，这也是事实。
但我又有什么职业体验呢?这很难讲。
我从事的是文学职业，与其他职业相比，当然不包括戏剧行业，在文学职业里几乎没有什么女性体验，我的意思是几乎没有女性特有的体验。
多年前，路已开辟出来。
许多知名的女性---范妮·伯尼、阿芙拉.贝恩、哈丽雅特·马蒂诺、简·奥斯汀、乔治·艾略特---和许多不知名以及已被人忘记的女性在我之前铺平了道路并指导我向前走。
因此，在我从事写作时，几乎没有物质障碍。
写作这个职业既受人尊敬又没有危险。
写字的沙沙声不会打破家庭的和平，写作也不需要什么家庭开销。
花16便士买的纸足够用来写莎士比亚的所有戏剧---要是你有那样的才智的话。
作家不需要钢琴和模特，不用去巴黎、维也纳和柏林，也不需要家庭教师。
当然，廉价的写作用纸是女性作为作家成功而先于其他职业的原因。
2．我讲讲我的故事，那只是个平常的故事。
你们自己设想一个姑娘，手里握着一支笔坐在卧室里。
从十点钟到一点钟她只是不停地由左向右写，然后她想到做一件既省钱又省力的事---把那些纸张放进信封，在信封的一角贴上一张一便士的邮票，把信封投进拐角的一个红色邮筒。
我就是这样成了一名撰稿人。
我的努力在下个月的第一天得到了回报---_那是我一生中非常快乐的一天。
我收到了编辑寄来的一封信，里面装有一张一英镑十先令六便士的支票。
为了让你们了解我不值得被称作职业女性，对人生的艰难和奋斗知之甚少，我得承认我没用那笔钱买食物、付房租、买袜子和肉，而是出去买了一只猫，一只漂亮的波斯猫，这只猫不久就引起了我和邻居间的激烈争端。
3．什么会比写文章并用赚得的钱买波斯猫来得更容易?但再想一想，文章得有内容。
现代大学英语第五册修辞汇总
现代大学英语第五册修辞汇总————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：高级英语第五册修辞方法（Rhetorical Device）序号修辞类别定义/特点1 Simile（明喻）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等。
2 Metaphor（隐喻）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
3 Allusion（暗引/引喻）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。
4 Parody(仿拟) 根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语，临时更换其中的某个部分，造成新的成语或谚语；或者根据古今名言警句，在保持其原句不变的情况下，更换其中部分词语，这种修辞方式叫仿拟。
5 Metonymy（转喻/借代）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
例如：the white house---the President, the crown--- the king/queen, purse--- money6 Synecdoche（提喻）又称举隅法主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
7 Transferredepithet (转类形容词/移就）采用表示性质和特征的形容词或相当于形容词的词来修饰、限定与它根本不同属性的名词。
8 Oxymoron(矛盾修辞法 acompressedparadox) 用两种不相调和，甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物，在矛盾中寻求哲理，以便收到奇警的修辞效果，产生特殊的深刻含义的一种修辞手段。
现代大学英语精读5课后句子解释和翻译
Lesson 11. A white lie is better than a black lie.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。
1.To upset this homicide, ---Olympian manhood为了挫败这种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。
2.with a spirit straining ---- self-abnegation黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。
3.Striped of the right---- of this white power structure 被剥夺了决定自己生活和命运的权力，他只能听任这个白人权力结构所作出的决定的摆布。
这些决定是专断的，有时甚至是反复无常的。
4.what is needed is a realization---- sentimental and anemic: 必须懂得的是没有爱的权力是毫无节制，易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感，苍白无力的。
5.It is precisely this collision --- of our times正是这种邪恶的权力与毫无权力的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。
6.Now early in this century---and responsibility.在本世纪初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。
7.Now we realize ---- against their will : 我们现在懂得，我们经济地的市场运作混乱，歧视盛行，迫使人们无事可作并违背他们的意愿，使他们长期失业或不断失业。
8.New forms of work--- are not available: 有必要创造对社会有好处的新的工作形式，提供给那些找不到传统工作的人。
9.It is not the work---necessity. animal necessity: Something necessary 必需品,The necessities of life include food, clothing, and shelter.生活必需品，包括食物，衣服，住处10.It is the work of men--- where want is abolished: 这是这样一类人的工作，他们通过某种方式找到了一种工作模式，这种模式出于自身需要，带来安全保障，并创造了一种废除了匮乏的社会形态。
现代大学英语精读5Lesson1WhereDoWeGofromHere重点词组总结
Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here? Martin Luther King Jr. Para. 1 1、be in proportion to 与…成比例●In proportion to the number of students we should build 3 dining rooms. 按学生人数，我们应该建三个餐厅。
●你认为我们的薪水与付出的努力相称吗? Do Do you you you think think we are paid in proportion to the effort we make? Para. 2 2、substantially ①本质上/大体上=essentially ②相当地/非常=considerably ●His criticism is substantially correct.批评大体上是批评大体上是 ●The price may go up quite substantially . ●The company's profits have been substantially lower this year. ●There ●There are are are o o ne ne or or or two two two minor minor minor differences, differences, but but they're they're substantially the same text. Para. 3 3、We must massively assert our dignity and worth. → Paraphrase: We must state clearly and in an impressive 令人钦佩的/给人以深刻印象的way way that that that we we we should should should be be treated with respect and our value should be recognized. 我们必须坚决维护我们的尊严与价值。
现代大学英语精读5Book unit 5 Love is a Fallacy电子版本
Love is blue.
Blue, blue my world is blue Blue is my world now I ’m without you Grey, grey my life is grey Cold is my heart since you went away Red, red my eyes are red Crying for you alone in my bed Green, green my jealous heart I doubted you and now we ’re apart When we met how the bright sun shone Then love is die Now the rainbow is gone Black, black the night I've known longing for you so lost and alone Gone, gone the love we knew Blue is my world now I'm without you
Why she Had to go I don't know, she wouldn't say. I said, Something wrong, now I long for yesterday.
Yesterday, Love was such an easy game to play, Now I need a place to hide away, Oh, I believe in yesterday.
I. Author (Cont.)
Other works by Max Shulman
II. Logic Fallacies
现代大学英语5册修辞解释（1、4、5、9四单元）
现代大学英语5册修辞解释（1、4、5、9四单元）第一篇：现代大学英语5册修辞解释(1、4、5、9四单元)1.Where do we go from here?<1>,as long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free.Antithesis: mind vs.body;enslaved vs.free.对仗手法<2>psychological freedom is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.Metaphor: comparing the long history of slavery to a long night.The word” night” is used here to indicate a period of darkness and gloom, a period of moral degeneration.<3>,love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.Antithesis: the speaker works on the two words ”love” and “power” in order to bring out the contrast.<4>what is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic.Parallel structure<5>power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Parallel structure<6>wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.Metaphor<7>it is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.Simile<9>without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don’t solve answers that don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain.Paradox and parallel structure<10>you may murder a murder but you cannot murder murderAntithesis and parallel structure<11> and I have seen too much hate… too great a burden to bear.Parallel<12>we are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace.Metaphor<13> let us be dissatisfied…①parallel structure②antithesis: Dark yesterday vs.bright tomo rrow③metaphor and simile④biblical allusion(典故)⑤anaphora(首语重复法)<14>there will be those methods when the buoyancy(浮力，轻快的心情)of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair.Antithesis<15> when our days become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantism mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows.Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends towards justice.①metaphor ②antithesis ③paradox4.Professions for womenMetaphor（暗喻）（1）killing the angel in the house（2）The process of fishing is compared to the process of creative writing.(58页中间)（3）Not only space for living,but also space for creative activity.Here a room is compared to freedom,while the house is compared to the whole society.（58页下面）Metonymy（转喻）“the White House” for “the president”, “the crown” for “the king” or for “the queen”5.Love is a fallacy<1>it is not often that one so young has such a giant intellectHyperbole夸张<2>it is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.Antithesis对仗对偶, “beautiful dumb” and “smart” are balanced against “ugly smart” and “beautiful”<3>back and forth his head swiveled旋转, desire waxing, resolution waningAntithesis对仗对偶, “desire waxing” is balanced against “resolution waning”<4>… he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coatHyperbole,夸张it’s an exaggeration to describe h is longing for the coat as “mad lust”<5>I will wander the face of earth, s shambling, and hollow-eyed hulkHyperbole（夸张）1.Metaphor(para.5)a giant intellect(para.34)the field would be open(para.61)the size of my task(para.78)a wave of despair(para.98)the extinct crater in her mind;embers;flame(para.118)a glimmer of intelligence(para.138)the tide of panic3.metonymy 转喻(para20)My brain, the precision instrument, slipped into high gear.The precision instrumentmy brain is compared to an instrumentGearmy brain is compared to a machine.4.antithesis 对仗对偶(para27)It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dump girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful.Smartdump;beautifulugly(para.50)… desire waxing;resolution waning5.alliteration 押头韵(pa ra.23)…let my heart rule my head(para.50)… desire waxing;resolution waning6.parallelism 排比(para.25-para.27)Beautiful she was.Gracious she was.Intelligent she was not7.Hyperbole夸张(para.42)he repeated fifteen of twenty times8.Parody仿拟:(para.53)“What’s Polly to me or me to Polly?”---“Hamlet”第二幕第二场:”What’s Hecuba to him or him to Hecuba that should weep for her?”(para.97)a logic-proof heade.g.water-proof;dust-proof;shock-proof9.allusion 用典Pygmalion: the sculpture loved by his creatorFrankenstein: the creature who destroyed his creator10.Simile(para.147)bellowing like a bull9.The way to rainy mountainMetaphor…and in summer the prairie is an anvil’s edge.(paragraph 1) personificationAt a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost writhe in fire.(paragraph 1)Simile…popping up like corn to sting the flesh.(paragraph 1)synecdoche metaphorMy grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years, but she must have known from birth the affliction of defeat, the dark brooding of old warriors.(paragraph 3)Metonymy…and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.(paragraph 4)SimileThe skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods and deep cleavages of shade.(paragraph 6) AlliterationThis is a perfect freedom in the mountains, but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear.(paragraph 6) The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.(paragraph 6) SimileThe great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing light.(paragraph 7) Simile…they could see the dark lees of the hills at dawn across the Bighorn River, the profusion of light on the grain shelves, the oldest deity ranging after the solstices.(paragraph 7)simile personificationAt the top of a ridge I caught sight of Devil’s Tower upthrust against the gray sky as if in the birth of time the core of the earth had broken through its crust and the motion of the world was begun.(paragraph 8)MetonymyThere are things in nature that engender an awful quiet in the heart of man;Devil’s Tower is one of them.(paragraph 8) SynecdocheMetonymyThere, in a very little while, wood takes on the appearance of great age.(paragraph 11)SynecdocheMetaphorThe windowpanes are black and opaque;you imagine there is nothing within, and indeed there are many ghosts, bones given up to the land.(paragraph 11)AlliterationThe aged visitors who came to my gr andmother’s house when I was a child were made of lean and leather and they bore themselves upright.Metonymy… the scars of old and cherished enmities(paragraph 12)…battles that took place in the past and were remembered fondly by those old warriors MetaphorPersonification Now there is a funeral silence in the rooms, the endless wake of some final word.(paragraph 14)SimileMy line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil.(paragraph 14)SynecdochemetaphorThere, where it ought to be, at the end of a long and legendary way, was my grandmother’s grave.Here and there on the dark stones were ancestral names.Looking back once, I saw the mountain and came away.第二篇：现代大学英语6 修辞总结高英II 修辞总结Unit 1 : 1.Satire:1)This is associated with the names of David Ricardo, a stockbroker, and Thomas Robert Maltus, a divine.2)Murray is the voice of Spencer our time;he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.2.Irony:1)This is, in some ways, an admirable solution.2)Couples in love should repair to R.H.Macy’s, not their bedrooms 3)```SocialDarwinism came to be considered a bit too cruel.4)It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise.5)In the enduring words of Professor Milton Friedman, people mustbe “free to choose”.6)All, save perhaps the last, are great inventive descent formBentham, Malthus, and Spencer.3.Critical attitude: The only form of discrimination that is still permissinle```is discrimination against people who work for the federal government, especially on social welfare activities.Unit 2: 1.Simile:1)Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids.2)The burly arms of the oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.3)The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but``` 2.Foreshadowing: I heard that countless human skeletons were left bare in his bayouonce when a hurricane blew the water out.3.Suggestion: He had secluded himself in this remote area of the Everglades because he was not welcome elsewhere;from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial,```4.Understatement: There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there was a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.5.Quotation :(a legend): But these marks o wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song.parison: 1)King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day.2)With the weight of this new stillness on it, this seal.Unit 3:1.Allusion: Like Creation, the portending global events arecosmic: Theychange the relationship between the planet Earth and its star, the sun.2.Metaphor: 1)It is not so much a battle cry for one side or the other,as a design for negotiating and end to suicidal war—for making peace with the planet.2)How all my town territory would be altered, as if alandslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.3.Pun: But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals ingoods—things that serve a useful purpose—this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”—things that are not only useless but often deadly.Unit 4:1.Personification: Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and apresence—the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby.3.Alliteration: She did not ask me—was it delicacy or disapproval? 4.(通感)：1)All afternoon while the men were gone I was full of happyenergy.(happy 实际上是用来修饰“我”)4.Parallel structure: Against the belief in the all-encompassing power of singleexplanation, against```, against```(unit 5)Unit 6:1.Pseudo-serious tone: The creams, slightly muffled by oil,```as thoughtorture were being carried out but they didn’t last long: It was all over rather suddenly, and, his legs released, thepig righted himself.2.Biblical allusion:1)From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;2)The pig’s lot and mine inextricably bound now, as thoughthe rubber tube were the silver cord.3.Alliteration: But even so, there was a directness and dispatch about animal burial.4.Symbolize: He had evidently become precious to me, not that he represented a distant nourishment in a hungry time, but that he had suffered in a suffering world.(对作者来说，the suffering of the pig symbolizes the suffering of human beings.)5.Humorous:1)The frequency of our trips down the footpath through the orchardto the pig yard delighted him, although he suffers greatly arthritis, moves with difficulty, and would be bedridden if he could find anyone willing to serve him meals on the tray.2)I have come to believe that there is in hostesses a special power of divination, and that they deliberately arrange dinners to coincide with pig failure or some other sort of failure.(humorously accuses the hostesses)3)This was slapstick—the sort of dramatic treatment that instantlyappealed to my old dachund, Fre,```presided at the interment.4)This uncertainty afflicts me with a sense of personal determination;if I were in decent health I would know how many nights I had sat up with a pig.6.Parallel structure:1)```with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours inmid-day, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then```2)```everything about the last scene seemed overwritten—the dismalsky, the shabby woods, the imminence of rain, the worm`` 第三篇：现代大学英语精读第5册1-7翻译Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here 1.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个善意的谎言要好。
现代大学英语精读5课程讲解
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看不懂之处，敬请谅解！学习愉快！Lesson 1A. 词义的理解与语义转换1) We must honestly recognize where we are now. (1.2)正视2) When we view the negative experiences of life, the Negro has a double share.(1.8)不如意之事坎坷经历若论人生坎坷，黑人可谓倍加艰辛。
3) We must massively assert our dignity and worth. (3.1)Impressively？让世人知道4)We must stand up amidst a system that still oppresses us and develop anunassailable and majestic sense of values. (3.2)Develop a habit drop a habitDevelop a sense 意识Translation skill词性转换B. 词汇扩展1）A white lie is better than a black lie. (4.5)I had a white night, thinking of you.white elephantallusion 典故Trademark白象白马王子？white horse ？Mr. RightPrince charmingwhite meatfish/birdred meat 红肉2) The most degenerate member of a family is a black sheep. (4.6)blacklistblack market黑马dark horseScapegoat＝替罪羊＝WhipboyAllusion3) …teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child sixty ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority （4.7）inferiority complexsuperiority complex恋父情结Electra complex恋母情结Oedipus complexc. 搭配collocation1. the Negro is in dire need of this kind of legitimate power (6.2)紧急，极端dire warning/prediction/forecast(a warning about something terrible that will happen in the future)Last night there were dire warnings of civil war.2. …the preserving of the status quo (6.11)maintain / preserve / defend the status quo3. And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and power have usually been contrasted as opposites -- polar opposites- (7.5)（？)polar extremed．句子理解1）The job of arousing manhood within a people （that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody）is not easy. （3.4）2）Power is the ability// of a labor union like the UAW to make the most powerful corporation in the world, General Motors, say 'Yes' when it wants to say 'No.' That's power. （line three from the bottom, Paragraph 6）3) What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. (8.6)Anemic：weak；贫血的=AnaemicAnaemia 贫血4)Now, early in this century this proposal would have been greeted withridicule and denunciation,（considered）as destructive of initiative andresponsibility. (10.2)5)The fact is that the work （which improves the condition of mankind,the work which extends knowledg e and increases power and enrichesliterature and elevates thought,）is not done to secure a living(12.1) She didn‘tmarry himfor he was richThe work is not 不是这样的done to secure a living ＝被做以谋生不是为了谋生而做e．修辞（Rhetoric）figure of speech1. Antithesis （A figure of speech in which sharply contrasting ideas are juxtaposed in a balanced or parallel phrase or grammatical structure）1) As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (5.5)2) …love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.(7.5)2．Metaphor simile (like, as)1) Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. (5.6)Self-esteem 自信2) The negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation. (5.9)3．Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on t he scale of dollars is eliminated. （14.4）3. parallel1)The tendency to ignore the Negro's contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood is as old as the earliest history books and as contemporary as the morning's newspaper. (5.1)StripperExotic dancing2) Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. （8.6）4. Alliteration1）Now a lot of us are preachers, and all of us have our moral believes and concerns, and so often have problems with power. (7.1)Xiamen is a city full of vigor and vitality2） It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times. (9.2)f. 熟词偏义1. And, in the thinking of that day, the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.(10.5)Want =lackHe knows no want in his life.他什么都不缺Lesson3Text AnalysisA. 词义理解与翻译1. Today we are in the throes of a world wide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, ―globalization‖. (1.1)a) in the throes of ?b) reformation ?c) tectonic shift?d) curious vocabulary?今天我们正经历世界范围文化嬗变的阵痛，习俗和追求都在发生剧变，这用社会学家新奇的话来说就是，“全球化”。
现代大学英语精读 课文讲解Lesson 5
现代大学英语精读课文讲解Lesson 5现代大学英语精读课文讲解 Teaching Notes to Lesson 5内容很详细,可以自学。
Teaching Notes to Lesson 5The One Against the ManyArthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.Notes to Guide to Reading1. Brief introduction to the authorArthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr. (1917-2021), influential U.S. historiannoted for his liberal politics and histories of the presidencies of Andrew Jackson and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. In addition to his scholarly work, Schlesinger took an active political role in Democratic Party politics. He was the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes and two National Book Awards. Schlesinger was the son of the U.S. historian Arthur Meier Schlesinger. He was born in Columbus, Ohio, and given the name Arthur Bancroft at birth, but he later adopted his father’s middle name. The family moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, when his father became a history professor at Harvard University. Schlesinger was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire where he graduated at the age of 15. After a year of traveling, he enrolled at Harvard, graduating in 1938. During World War II (1939-1945), Schlesinger worked in the Office of War Information and then in the Office of Strategic Planning.Schlesinger’s postgraduate studies led him to write The Age of Jackson (1945), a reassessment of Jackson’s presidency. It became a bestseller andwon the Pulitzer Prize for history in 1946. That same year he accepted a position as an associate professor of history at Harvard. He remained on the faculty there, becoming a full professor in 1954, until taking a leave of absence in 1961. In 1947 he helped found the liberal Americans for Democratic Action (ADA). While at Harvard, Schlesinger wrote the three-volume The Age of Roosevelt (1957-1960), which many historians regard as his finest work.In 1952, 1956, and 1960 Schlesinger was a campaign staff member and speechwriter for Democratic presidential candidates Adlai Stevenson and John F. Kennedy. After Kennedy took office in 1961, he appointedSchlesinger special assistant. Schlesinger later wrote an account of the Kennedy administration, A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House. Published in 1965, the book won the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1966 and a National Book Award.Schlesinger resigned in 1964, shortly after Kennedy’s assassination, and in 1967 became professor of humanities at the City University of New York.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
现代大学英语第五册修辞总结
高级英语第五册修辞方法（Rhetorical Device）1. Simile:L1-17: It is something like… behind bars.L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.(justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream)L5-5: Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (dumb as an ox)L5-50: First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (comparing his longing for the raccoon coat with the expression of a hungry homeless child looking longingly at the bread at a bakery window.)L5-123: It was like digging a tunnel. (comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.)L5-147: I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (comparing his angry shouts to the bellowing ofa bull)L7-2: …united with others of our country in everything…like the fingers of the hand.(comparing the relationship between black and white to fingers of the hand)L7-10: Yet even then I had been going over my speech...as bright as flame. (comparing each word of his speech to bright flame)L7-16: For in those days I was what they called ginger—colored...like a crisp ginger cookie.(comparing the narrator to a cookie)L7-20: My saliva became like hot bitter glue.L7-21: The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs... hypersensitive snails. (comparing the black boys to animals)L7-27: A blow to my head as I danced about sent my right eye popping... my dilemma.L7-45: I roiled away as a fumbled football rolls off the receiver’s fingertips...L7-46: 1 was limp as a dish rag.2. Metaphor:L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (the long night of physical slavery)L1-5: The Negro. . . his own emancipation proclamation. (“signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation”)L1-14: … when the unjust… is eliminated. (measurement, a scale of dollars)L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality. （owning a key to open a door）L1-25: the battering rams of the forces of justice;the junk heaps of historyLet us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (“the tragic walls” and “the battering rams”)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (low-hovering clouds of despair; gigantic mountains of evil)L4-3: Killing the Angel in the HouseL4-5: The image of a fishermanL4-7: A room of one’s ownL5-1: There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (comparing the limitation set by Lamb to a frontier)L5-20: My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrator’s brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.)L5-34: In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event)L5-98: Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. (comparing Polly’s mind to the extinct crater of a volcano)L5-115: Poisoning the well: (comparing “the personal attack on a person holding some thesis” to “poisoning the well”)L5-151: The rat. (comparing Petey to a rat)L6-41: I’ve never met anyone… the second time around. (The metaphor of record player is used.)3. Allusion:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. (a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid)L5-64: We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak… (An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was under a huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.)L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.L10-8: Overnight… surreal episodes…（a sword of Damocles）4. Parody:L10-25: Is our democracy… of liberty? (This is a parody of a line in Patrick Henry’s speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”)5. Metonymy:L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. (“purse” stands for money)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (Butcher’s bills stand for meat bought from a butcher. )L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. (to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart”stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.)L5-105: …surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (X-rays stand for X-rays photographs)L10-2: Anthrax panic… chambers (“Congress” stands for its members)6. Synecdoche:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.city hall (the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for the government)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the most important and basic things. )7. Transferred epithet:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (the tragic walls)L5-40: I said with a mysterious wink… (the wink was not mysterious)L7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat (In “anticipatory sweat”, the adjective “anticipatory “ is a transferred epithet.)L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. (the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.)8. Oxymoron:9. Hyperbole:L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (exaggerating for effect)L5-50: … he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (It’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”)L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.L5-135: I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.10. Understatement or litotes:L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. (no small dimensions)11. Contrast:L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.L8-3: While Oppenheimer was interrupting…. had invented the subject. (an implied contrast)L10-25: How do we… poise? (paranoia vs. poise)12. Antithesis:L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free)L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (psychological freedom vs. physical slavery)L1-7: …love is identified… denial of love (1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of love)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate. (You may murder a murderer but you can’t murder murder.)L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair;wealth vs. poverty (economic);comfort vs. despair(mood, psychology)dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows;segregated schools vs. integrated educationon the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skincontent(substance) vs. color (superficial)character(fundamental) vs. skin (outward appearance)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow.dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrowL5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.beautiful dumb vs. ugly smartL5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.Desire waxing vs. resolution waningL5-153: Look at me—a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.Look at Petey—a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”13. Parallelism:L1-6: … confrontation of the forces… the status quo.forces of power demanding change(present participle)forces of power dedicated to the preserving of the(past participle) status quoL1-8: What is needed… and anemic.power without love is reckless and abusivelove without power is sentimental and anemicL1-8: Power at its best… against love.power at its best love implementing demands of justicejustice at its best power correcting against loveL1-10: And, in the thinking of that day…moral fiber.the absence of vs. a want ofworldly goods vs. (qualities)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate.Three sentences “T hrough violence you may murder… but you can’t murder…”L1-20: And I have seen too much hate…. too great a burden to bear.I have seen too much hateI’ve seen too much hate onI’ve seen hate on…too many Klansmen…L1-25: There are 11 sentences beginning with “let us be dissatisfied until” and two short sentences of “let us be dissatisfied”.L12-5: The armies of… The legions of…The armies of… are marshaled against it.The legions of… will march against it.L12-16: A novelist’s characters… celebrity.a novelist’s characters hope for immortalitya profile journalist’s for celebrityL12-24: It is the disrespect… to preserve.(disrespect) for powerorthodoxiesparty linesideologies…;that I would like to celebratethat I urge all to preserve14. Epigram:L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality.15. Paradox:L1-18: Without recognizing this…that don’t explain.paralleled paradoxes: solutions that don’t solveanswers that don’t answerexplanations that don’t explainL1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (to make a way out of no way)16. Chiasmus:L1-9: It is precisely this collision… of our times. (immoral power vs. powerless morality)L6-6: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.17. Anaphora:L1-25: let us be dissatisfied…18. Alliteration:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. ( lion, lamb, lie)L7-2: Live with your head in the lion’s mouth...or bust wide open. (death and destruction)L7-9: Some of the others tried to stop them…slipping and sliding over the polished floor.(slipping and sliding)19. Onomatopoeia:L3-14: clickRhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
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● 1. Alliteration 头韵● 2. Allusion 引喻● 3. Anaphora 首语重复法● 4. antithesis对偶● 5. Antonomasia 换称，代称● 6. Chiasmus 交错法●7. Hyperbole 夸张●8. Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻●9. metonymy借喻,转喻●10. oxymoron 反意法,逆喻●11. Repetition 重复，反复●12. Paradox 隽语●13. Parallelism 排比, 平行●14. Pun 双关●15. Simile 明喻●16. Syllepsis 一语双叙法，兼用法●17. Synecdoche 提喻●18. transferred epithet移就●19. Irony反语Where do we go from hereAntithesis●Ossie Davis has suggested that maybe the English language should bereconstructed so that teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child 60 ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority. (para4)●As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (para5)●Psychological freedom ......physical slavery (para5)●And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and powerhave usually been contrasted as opposites - polar opposites--so that love isidentified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. (para7) ●For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) ●The dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into brighttomorrows of quality, integrated education. (para. 25)●There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed intothe fatigue of despair.(para26)●......and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. (para. 27)Metaphor●To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of hisown Olympian manhood.(para5)●Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weaponagainst the long night of physical slavery.(para5)●The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his ownbeing and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own Emancipation Proclamation.(para5)●Negroes who have a double disability will have a greater effect on discriminationwhen they have the additional weapon of cash to use in their struggle. (para13) Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated .(para14)●He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocksthe door to the meaning of ultimate reality. (para20)●We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life's market place.(para21) ●America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia ofdeeds. (para. 25)●Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that ……(para. 25)●……shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. (para. 25)●……slums are cast into the junk heaps of history. (para. 25)●There will still be rocky places of frustration and meandering points ofbewilderment.(para26)●When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair, ...... (para.27)●......working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil (para. 27) Chiasmas●What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive,and love without power is sentimental and anemic. Power at its best is loveimplementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.(para8)It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times.(para9)Simile●It is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remainsecurely incarcerated behind bars.(para17)●......justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.(para. 25)Parallel struture●Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answersthat don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)●For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) ●And I have seen too much hate. I've seen too much hate on the faces of sheriffs inthe South. I've seen hate on the faces of too many Klansmen and too many White Citizens Councilors in the South to want to hate myself, because every time I see it, I know that it does something to their faces and their personalities and I say to myself that hate is too great a burden to bear.(para20)Paradox●Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answersthat don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)●......a power that is able to make a way out of no way. (para 27)Anaphora●And the other thing is that I am concerned about a better world. I'm concernedabout justice. I'm concerned about brotherhood. I'm concerned about truth. And when one is concerned about these, he can never advocate violence.(para19)●So, I conclude by saying again today that we have a task and let us go out with a"divine dissatisfaction." Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. Let us be dissatisfied until those that live on the outskirts of hope arebrought into the metropolis of daily security. Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps of history, and every family is living in a decent sanitary home. Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education. Let us be dissatisfied until integration is not seen as a problem but as an opportunity toparticipate in the beauty of diversity. Let us be dissatisfied until men and women, however black they may be, will be judged on the basis of the content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin.●Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor●Antithesis allusion metonymy simile●Alliteration●Let us be dissatisfied. Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses agovernor who will do justly, who will love mercy and who will walk humbly with his God. Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together. and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. Let us be dissatisfied.And men will recognize that out of one blood God made all men to dwell upon the face of the earth. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when nobody will shout "White Power!" - when nobody will shout "Black Power!" - but everybody will talk about God's power and human power.●Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor●Antithesis allusion metonymy simile●Alliteration allusion●When our days become dreary with low hovering clouds of despair, and when ournights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform darkyesterdays into bright tomorrows.●Metaphor●paradox●antithesisTwo kinds●Simile1.It was like a stiff embraceless dance between her and the TV set. (para21 )2.So that the fluffy skirt of her white dress cascaded slowly to the floor like the petals of a large carnation. (para24 )3.I would play after him, the simple scale, the simple chord, and then I just played some nonsense that sounded like a cat running up and down on top of garbage cans. (para 38 )4.He marched stiffly to show me how to make each finger dance up and down, staccato like an obedient little soldier. (para 39 )5.I felt the same way, and it seemed as if everybody were now coming up, like gawkers at the scene of an accident. (para 60 )6. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest. (para 73)7.Her face went blank, her mouth closed, her arms went slack, and she backed out the room, stunned, as if she were blowing away like a small brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless. (para 76)●8. …… as if she were blowing away like a sm all brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless.(para 76)Oxymoron1.She was proudly modest like a proper Chinese child. (para 24 )2.I heard a little boy whisper loudly to his mother. (para 53)●Alliteration.Chinatown’s Littlest Chinese Chess Champion. (para 42 )Irony1.You lucky you don’t have this problems, said Auntie Lindo with a sign to my mother. (para 44 )Hyperbole1.And now I realized how many people were in the audience, the whole world it seemed. (para 54)Metaphor1.We could have escaped during intermission. Pride and some strange sense of honor must have anchored my parents to their chairs. (para 55 )Ridicule1.She took me to a beauty training school in the Mission district and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. (para 6 ) SyllepsisThe lid of piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams. (para 81)Allusion●I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw manger. (para 9)Metaphor●Telegraph, telephone, radio, and television tied together and more intricate knotsbetween …… (para 2)●…. will flatten every cultural crease. (para 4)●Metaphor●Apparently westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either. (para7)●We borrowed an American box. (para 8)●Earl y on I realized……some type of compass to guide me through the wilds ofglobal culture.Metonymy●……and suggesting that Hollywood be burned. (para 5)●…… to live in a museum while we will have shower that work. (para 6)●Antonomasia●……at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s UpperWest Side. (para 14)Professions for Women●Synecdoche● 1.I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent,shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2 )Metonymy● 1.No demand was made upon the family purse. (para 1 )2. I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2)Metaphor● 1.The image that comes to my mind when I think of this girl is the image of afisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake with a rod held out over the water. (para 5 )2.You have won rooms of you own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (para 7 )Lesson Seven Invisible ManMetaphor● 1.It took me……and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to…….(p1)● 2. A sea of faces, some hostile, some amused, ringed around us…… (para 7)● 3. ……I had suddenly found myself in a dark room filled with poisonouscottonmouths. (para 11)Simile●It was as though I had rolled through a bed of hot coals. (para 44)● 1.About eighty-five years……separate like the fingers of the hand.(p1)● 2.The young children……on the wick like the old man’s breathing.(p2)● 3.The hair was yellow like that of a circus kewpie doll.(p7)● 4. ……firm and round as the domes of East Indian temples. (para 7)● 5. ……and beads of pearly perspiration glistening like dew …… (para 7)6. the smoke of a hundred cigar clinging to her like the thinnest of veils. (para 8)●7.In my mind……as bright as flame.(para10)●8.For in those days……like a crisp ginger cookie.(para16)●9. But the blindfold was tight as a thick skin-puckering scab. (para 17)10.My saliva became like hot bitter glue.(p20)●11.The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs……(p21)●12. ……testing the smoke-filled air like the knobbed feelers of hypersensitivesnails. (para. 21)13. A blow to my head……like a jack-in-the-box……(p27)●14. A hot, violent force……like a wet rat.(p38)●15. some called like a bass-voiced parrot. (para 39)●16. glistening like a ci rcus seal,……(para 40)●17.Suddenly I saw……twitching like the flesh of a horse stung by manyflies.(p40)●18.I was careful……like a cloud of foul air……(p42)●19.Seeing their fingers……as a fumbled football……(p45)●20.I was limp as a dish rag.(p46)●21.But still……a s though deaf with cotton in dirty ears.(p55)●22. The laugher hung smoke……like in the sudden stillness.(p70)● 3. Alliteration● 1. I want you……to death and destruction……(p2)● 2. Some of the other……slipping and sliding……(p9)4.Transferred epithet● 1.We were a small……with anticipatory sweat……(p6)● 2.But now I……of blind terror.(p10)● 3.He kept coming, bring the rank sharp violence of……(p25)5. Irony● 1.What powers of endurance……! What enthusiasm!(p55)Simile● 1. Grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to sting theflesh. (para.1 line 7)● 2. The land was like iron. (para.8 line 1)● 3. Her long, black hair, always drawn and…, lay upon her shoulders and againsther breast like a shawl. (para. 10 line 10)● 4. Houses are like sentinels in the plain, old keepers of the weather watch.(para.11 line 1)● 5. My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil. (para14)Lesson 9 Metaphor● 1. Winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summerthe prairi e is an anvil’s edge.(para1 line4)● 2. The skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods anddeep cleavages of shade. (para.6 line 3)● 3. Descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain.(Para 7 line 1)● 4. The great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon thegrain like water, dividing light. (para.7 line5)● 5. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;● 6. They must wean their blood from……..(para 7 )●Alliteration1. The grass turns brittle and brown.(para.1 line 6)● 2. There are green belts along the rivers and creeks, linear groves of hickory andpecan, willow and witch hazel.(para1.line7)● 3. Great green-and-yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the ………(p ara1line9)● 4. …but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear. (para6 line5)● 5. There to beg and barter for an animal from the Goodninght herd.(para 9 line 9)6. So exclusive were they of all mere custom and company. (para10 line 8)●7. But there was something inherently sad in the sound, some merest hesitationupon the syllables of sorrow. (para10 line 14)●8. The aged visitors who came to my grandmother’s home when I was a childwere made of lean and leather. (para.12 line 6)●9. Full of jest and gesture , fright and false alarm. They went abroad in fringedand flowered shawls. ( para 12 4)Pun●It was a long journey toward the dawn. (para 4)●……for indeed they emerged from a sunless world. (para 4)。